WO2024000855A1 - 陀螺组件、风机叶片、叶轮以及风力发电机组 - Google Patents

陀螺组件、风机叶片、叶轮以及风力发电机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024000855A1
WO2024000855A1 PCT/CN2022/120934 CN2022120934W WO2024000855A1 WO 2024000855 A1 WO2024000855 A1 WO 2024000855A1 CN 2022120934 W CN2022120934 W CN 2022120934W WO 2024000855 A1 WO2024000855 A1 WO 2024000855A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gyro
wind turbine
turbine blade
blade
web
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/120934
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李岩
王景元
张志弘
李鑫
徐志良
Original Assignee
金风科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2024000855A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024000855A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/51—Damping of blade movements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/10—Anti- vibration means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/26—Antivibration means not restricted to blade form or construction or to blade-to-blade connections or to the use of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0296—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor to prevent, counteract or reduce noise emissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/12—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing kinetic energy, e.g. using flywheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/30—Flywheels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular relates to a gyro assembly, a wind turbine blade, an impeller and a wind power generator set.
  • the power of the unit is proportional to the square of the impeller diameter, and the weight of the unit is proportional to the cube of the impeller diameter.
  • Gravity loads lead to a significant increase in component design costs, including blades/pitches. Bearings/main bearings/gearboxes/wheel hubs and other components.
  • the stability design of long and flexible blades has increasingly become a design bottleneck.
  • the lightweight design of the blades has caused serious losses in blade vibration damping, the headroom challenges the safety boundary, and the flutter speed is getting closer and closer to the maximum safe operation speed.
  • the main purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a gyro assembly, a wind turbine blade, an impeller and a wind turbine generator set to improve the stability of the wind turbine blade.
  • a wind turbine blade in one aspect of the present disclosure, includes a blade body, a web and a gyro assembly.
  • the blade body has an inner cavity; the web is fixedly arranged in the inner cavity; and the gyro assembly Disposed on the web, the gyro assembly includes at least one gyro, wherein the gyro assembly is configured to adjust the stability of the wind turbine blade through rotation of the gyro.
  • an impeller which includes a hub and at least two fan blades disposed on the outer periphery of the hub, and the fan blades are the fan blades as described above.
  • a wind power generator in another aspect of the present disclosure, includes a vibration sensor, a control device and an impeller as described above.
  • the vibration sensor is used to monitor the vibration of the wind turbine blade.
  • the control device uses To receive the monitoring data of the vibration sensor and to control the operating state of the gyro component according to the monitoring data.
  • the gyro assembly is used to be connected to the web of the wind turbine blade.
  • the gyro assembly includes a gyro, wherein the gyro assembly is configured to pass through the The rotation of the gyroscope is used to adjust the stability of the fan blades.
  • the gyro assembly, wind turbine blade, impeller and wind turbine generator set provided by the present disclosure have at least the following beneficial effects: the gyro assembly provided by the present disclosure can be installed on the wind turbine blade to adjust the stability of the wind turbine blade through the rotation of the gyro.
  • Figure 1 is a partial structural view of a wind turbine blade provided by a first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 2 is a partial structural view of a wind turbine blade provided by a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 3 is a partial structural view of a wind turbine blade provided by a third exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 4 is a partial structural view of a wind turbine blade provided by a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 5 is a partial structural view of a wind turbine blade provided by a fifth exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 6 is a partial structural view of a wind turbine blade provided by a sixth exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 7 is a partial structural view of a wind turbine blade provided by the seventh exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Blade body 11. Web;
  • An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wind turbine.
  • the wind turbine includes a tower, an impeller supported on the top of the tower, and a generator.
  • the impeller is connected to the input shaft of the generator to drive the generator to generate electricity through the rotation of the impeller.
  • the impeller includes a hub and at least two fan blades connected to the hub. During the operation of the wind turbine generator set, the fan blades may vibrate.
  • the gyro assembly provided by the present disclosure can be applied to the fan blades to adjust the stability of the fan blades. sex.
  • the gyro assembly provided by the present disclosure includes at least one gyro.
  • the gyro assembly is configured to be installed on the web 11 of the wind turbine blade.
  • the at least one gyro can rotate around its own rotation axis to adjust the stability of the wind turbine blade.
  • the setting angle of the rotation axis of the gyroscope can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the gyroscope provided by the present disclosure includes a mass block. Driven by a driving member, the mass block can rotate around the rotation axis.
  • the shape of the mass block can be selected according to actual conditions. For example, but not limited to, the The mass block is cylindrical.
  • the gyroscope provided by the present disclosure refers to a rigid body that rotates around a fulcrum at high speed.
  • the gyroscope has fixed axis and precession properties and is widely used in various industries.
  • the web of the wind turbine blade provided by this disclosure is one of the main components of the main beam of the wind turbine blade. When the wind turbine blade is subjected to the load in the waving direction, the web will bear a large compressive load, which directly affects the safety performance of the wind turbine blade.
  • the types of webs include single webs, double webs and small webs.
  • a wind turbine blade may include a blade body 10 and a web 11.
  • the web 11 extends from the blade root end to the blade tip along the span direction S of the wind turbine blade.
  • the span direction S and chord direction C of the wind turbine blade are as shown in the figure respectively. Show.
  • the rotation axis of the gyroscope is perpendicular to both the blade span direction S and the chord direction C as an example.
  • the gyro assembly also includes a gyro base 13.
  • Each gyro base 13 is provided with at least one gyro, and each gyro can rotate around its own rotation axis.
  • the description is given by taking the gyroscope 13 provided with a gyroscope as an example.
  • the gyro base 13 may have a hexahedral shell structure, and the gyroscopes are arranged on a pair of opposite side walls of the gyro base 13 as needed.
  • the gyro base 13 includes opposite first and second side walls, and the gyro may be a first gyro 14 , which is driven by a driving member 18 to be able to rotate around the rotation axis.
  • the driving member 18 may be connected to the first side wall.
  • the driving member 18 may be a servo motor, and the servo motor may be configured to have its output shaft perpendicular to the first side wall, but is not limited to this.
  • the output shaft of the driving member 18 can be fixed on the first end of the first rotating shaft 17, and the second end of the first rotating shaft 17 is rotatably connected to the second side wall.
  • the first rotating shaft 17 It is rotatably disposed between the opposite first side wall and the second side wall, and the first rotation axis 17 is perpendicular to the first side wall and the second side wall at the same time, but is not limited to this.
  • the first rotation axis 17 is adapted to rotate about the first rotation axis, so that the first top 14 can rotate about the first rotation axis.
  • the first rotation axis is substantially perpendicular to the blade span direction S and the chord direction C at the same time, as shown in Figure 1, but is not limited to this.
  • the first rotation axis 17 can also be disposed on the other two sets of opposite side walls of the gyro base 13, so that the first rotation axis is generally parallel to the blade span direction S or the chord direction C, but not in the direction of S or the chord direction C. This is the limit.
  • first included angle between the first rotation axis and the blade span direction S
  • second included angle between the first rotation axis and the chord direction C
  • third included angle between the first rotation axis and the thickness direction.
  • the first included angle may satisfy 0° ⁇ first included angle ⁇ 90°.
  • the range of the second included angle and the third included angle satisfies 0° ⁇ second included angle ⁇ 90°, and 0° ⁇ third included angle ⁇ 90°.
  • the gyro assembly may also include a support.
  • the support may include a web support 12 fixed on the web 11 and a gyro base support 19 fixed on the gyro base 13.
  • the web support 12 and the gyro base support 19 match, for example but not limited to , the web support 12 and the gyro seat support 19 are arranged in pairs and are threadedly connected. By connecting the gyro seat support 19 to the web support 12, the gyro seat 13 can be connected to the web 11.
  • the gyro base support 19 and the web support 12 can be threaded to form a detachable connection, which facilitates the disassembly, assembly and inspection of the gyro assembly, but is not limited to this.
  • the fixing form of the support and the web is not limited, including but not limited to fastening, bonding, magnetic attraction, mechanical engagement, deformation engagement, etc.
  • the support and the web may also be integrally formed to form a connection part.
  • a web 11 is provided in the wind turbine blade, and the gyro assembly may include a pair of gyros arranged in pairs.
  • a pair of gyros may be symmetrically arranged on both sides of the web 11, that is, two gyros. They are respectively arranged on both sides of the web 11 along the chord direction C.
  • the two gyroscopes may be arranged symmetrically with respect to the web 11 , but are not limited to this.
  • the gyro assembly includes a pair of gyro seats 13 , the pair of gyro seats 13 are formed into a gyro pair, and the pair of gyro seats 13 are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the web 11 .
  • the two gyroscopes in the pair of gyroscope seats 13 can respectively rotate around their respective rotation axes, and the rotation axes of the two gyroscopes are approximately parallel, but this is not a limitation.
  • the rotation axes of the two gyroscopes may intersect or coincide, which are all within the scope of the present disclosure.
  • connection line between the two gyro seats 13 in a pair of gyro pairs and the web 11 may be arranged at a predetermined angle.
  • the connection line between the two gyro seats 13 in each pair of gyro pairs is substantially perpendicular to the web 11 , but is not limited to this. It can be understood that when a pair of gyro pairs is arranged perpendicularly to the web 11 , the line connecting the pair of gyro pairs is generally parallel to the chord direction C, but is not limited to this.
  • the angle between the connection line between the two gyro seats 13 in each pair of gyro pairs and the web 11 can be 30°, 45°, 60°, etc., which can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the gyro assembly can be placed close to the tip of the wind turbine blade.
  • L1 from the gyro assembly to the root of the wind turbine blade satisfies 0.5L ⁇ L1 ⁇ 2/3L (which is beneficial to blade space optimization and lightning protection constraints)
  • L is the length of the fan blade in the span direction S.
  • the span direction S of the fan blade can also be called the axial direction of the fan blade.
  • the present disclosure can generate a reaction torque about another axis of the gyro by applying a controllable torque around the rotation axis of the gyro, and the reaction torque will also be generated on the corresponding wind turbine blade.
  • the controllable torque It is applied to at least partially resist or offset the undesired vibration torque of the wind turbine blade, that is, by arranging a gyro and rotating the gyro within the wind turbine blade, the negative torque of the wind turbine blade can be resisted or offset, thereby improving the stability of the wind turbine blade.
  • the gyro assembly may include at least one first gyro 14, at least one second gyro 15 and At least one third top 16 , the first top 14 can rotate around the first axis of rotation, the second top 15 can rotate around the second axis of rotation, the third top 16 can rotate around the third axis of rotation, the first top 14 , the second top
  • the gyro 15 and the third gyro 16 are arranged at intervals along the blade span direction S.
  • the anti-vibration amount can be allocated to different gyros according to the vibration situation and vibration amplitude.
  • the coordinated cooperation among them enables the fan blades to regain stability and improves the adaptability of the fan blades to various working conditions, that is, the stability or vibration resistance of the fan blades is improved.
  • the gyro assembly also includes at least 3 pairs of gyro pairs, the 3 pairs of gyro pairs are spaced apart along the blade span direction S, and the 3 pairs of gyro pairs include at least one first gyro 14, at least one second gyro 15 and at least one third gyro.
  • the first gyro 14 can rotate around the first rotation axis
  • the second gyro 15 can rotate around the second rotation axis
  • the third gyro 16 can rotate around the third rotation axis
  • the third rotation axes are perpendicular to each other, but are not limited to this.
  • connection line between the two gyro seats 13 in each pair of gyros and the web 11 may be arranged at a predetermined angle.
  • the connection line between the two gyro seats 13 in each pair of gyro pairs is substantially perpendicular to the web 11 , but is not limited to this.
  • the angle between the connection line between the two gyro seats 13 in each pair of gyro pairs and the web 11 can be 30°, 45°, 60°, etc., which can be selected according to actual needs.
  • multiple pairs of gyro pairs are arranged approximately in parallel, which facilitates modular production and assembly of gyro components and helps reduce operation and maintenance costs, but is not limited to this.
  • adjacent pairs of gyros can be arranged at equal intervals along the blade span direction S, but are not limited to this.
  • the wind turbine blade in this embodiment includes at least two webs 11, a pair of gyros The pair is arranged between two adjacent webs 11.
  • the gyro pair further includes a connecting piece 20, and the connecting piece 20 is connected between a pair of gyro pairs.
  • the connecting piece 20 By arranging the connecting piece 20 between the two gyros, the structural strength of the gyro assembly is further improved.
  • the part between the two tops can also be directly formed into a connecting part in an integral form without corresponding combining elements.
  • the wind turbine can also include a vibration sensor, a control device and an impeller.
  • the vibration sensor is used to monitor the vibration of the wind turbine blades
  • the control device is used to receive monitoring from the vibration sensor. data and can control the operating status of the gyro component based on the monitoring data.
  • gyroscopic torque is used to improve the stability of the unit, mainly utilizing the gyroscopic torque generated by the motion characteristics of the impeller rotation, fan blade oscillation, fan blade flapping, fan blade torsion and other modes ( J is the inertia of the gyro rotor, ⁇ is the rotation speed of the gyro, and ⁇ is the counter-cancellation effect of the gyro rotation speed on the blade disturbance and deformation.
  • the gyro is a single-axis rotating gyro with the advantage of modular installation. According to the following control stability The requirements and rotation direction are fixed on a single web or between double webs.
  • the X direction is the downwind direction of the fan blades
  • the Y direction indicates the forward direction of the fan blades
  • the Z direction indicates the lowering direction of the fan blades.
  • the span direction S and chord direction C of the wind turbine blade are as shown in the figure.
  • the rotation axis of the gyroscope is perpendicular to the blade span direction S and the chord direction C at the same time
  • the angular velocity ⁇ of the gyroscope is in the direction pointed by the arrow, where the arrow is perpendicular to the blade span direction S and the chord direction C at the same time
  • the flapping stability of the fan blades can be improved through the rotation of the gyroscope. It mainly improves the flapping stability of the fan blades through the following mechanisms. Improving the flapping stability is also conducive to improving the oscillation stability.
  • the impeller rotation direction is the same as the gyro rotation direction. According to the gyro torque calculation principle, it can be concluded that the gyro torque does not produce additional torque on the wind turbine blades, that is, this installation method will not bring additional side effects.
  • Blade oscillation stability analysis When the wind turbine blade is disturbed and accelerates forward (i.e. in the Y direction), in the same direction as the gyro rotation direction, according to the gyro torque calculation principle, it can be concluded that the gyro torque does not produce additional torque on the wind turbine blade, that is, there is no other Side effects: When the fan blades are disturbed and accelerate backward (i.e. in the opposite direction of the Y direction), no additional torque is generated. That is, this installation method will not bring additional side effects.
  • Blade flapping stability analysis When the blade is disturbed and accelerates downwind (i.e., the X direction), according to the gyro torque calculation principle, it can be concluded that the gyro torque drives the blade to raise its head; when the blade is disturbed and accelerates toward the wind (i.e., the opposite direction of the X direction), According to the gyro torque calculation principle, it can be concluded that the gyro torque drives the blade to lower its head; that is, this installation method is beneficial to the flapping stability.
  • Blade torsional stability analysis When the blade is disturbed and raises its head (that is, the opposite direction of the Z direction), according to the gyro torque calculation principle, it can be concluded that the gyro torque drives the blade to move against the wind; when the blade is perturbed and its head is lowered, according to the gyro torque calculation principle, it can be concluded This gyroscopic moment drives the blades downwind. That is, this installation method is detrimental to torsional stability.
  • the gyro is installed at a cross-sectional position 60m away from the blade root.
  • the chord length at this cross-sectional position is about 1.6m
  • the absolute thickness is about 0.43m
  • the designed gyro moment of inertia is 3.2kg ⁇ m 2
  • the rotation speed is about 5600rpm.
  • the size of the gyro base 13 is about 0.4m, which can reduce the first-order straightening mode energy of the blade in the bending moment in the blade root plane by 12%.
  • the X direction is the downwind direction of the fan blades
  • the Y direction indicates the forward direction of the fan blades
  • the Z direction indicates the bowing direction of the fan blades.
  • the span direction S and chord direction C of the wind turbine blade are as shown in the figure.
  • the rotation axis of the gyro is approximately parallel to the blade span direction S.
  • the angular velocity ⁇ of the gyro is in the direction pointed by the arrow, where the arrow is parallel to the blade span direction S.
  • Blade oscillation stability analysis When the blade is disturbed and accelerates forward, according to the gyroscopic torque calculation principle, it can be concluded that the gyroscopic torque drives the blade to move against the wind; when the blade is disturbed to accelerate backward, the gyroscopic torque drives the blade to move along the wind. That is to say, this kind of installation method tends to be beneficial to the oscillation stability through the adjustment of the angle of attack.
  • Blade flapping stability analysis When the blade is disturbed and accelerates downwind, the gyroscopic torque drives the blade to accelerate forward; when the blade is disturbed and accelerates toward the wind, the gyroscopic torque drives the blade to decelerate. That is to say, this kind of installation method is detrimental to the swing stability, but the large aerodynamic damping in the swing direction can offset this adverse effect.
  • Blade torsional stability analysis When the blade is disturbed and raised, according to the gyro torque calculation principle, it can be concluded that the gyro torque has no additional torque on the blade, that is, there are no other side effects; when the blade is disturbed and the blade is lowered, according to the gyro torque calculation principle, it can be concluded that the The gyro torque produces no additional torque on the blades, that is, there are no other side effects. That is, this installation method will not bring additional side effects.
  • the gyro is installed at a cross-sectional position 60m away from the blade root.
  • the chord length at this cross-sectional position is about 1.6m
  • the absolute thickness is about 0.43m
  • the designed gyro moment of inertia is 3.2kg ⁇ m 2
  • the rotation speed is about 5600rpm.
  • the size of the gyro base 13 is about 0.4m, which can reduce the first-order straightening mode energy of the blade in the bending moment in the blade root plane by 4.4%.
  • the X direction is the downwind direction of the fan blades
  • the Y direction indicates the forward direction of the fan blades
  • the Z direction indicates the bowing direction of the fan blades.
  • the span direction S and chord direction C of the wind turbine blade are as shown in the figure.
  • the rotation axis of the gyroscope is arranged parallel to the chord direction C.
  • the angular velocity ⁇ of the gyroscope is in the direction pointed by the arrow, where the arrow is parallel to the chord direction C of the wind turbine blade. This can improve stall speed and clearance.
  • Margin which mainly improves blade clearance and stall margin through the following mechanisms:
  • Blade oscillation stability analysis When the blade is disturbed and accelerates forward, according to the gyro torque calculation principle, it can be concluded that the gyro torque drives the blade to lower its head; when the blade is disturbed and decelerates backward, the gyro torque drives the blade to raise its head. That is to say, this kind of installation method is detrimental to the oscillation stability.
  • Blade flapping stability analysis When the blade is disturbed and accelerates downwind, according to the gyroscopic moment calculation principle, it can be concluded that the gyroscopic moment has no additional torque on the blade, that is, there are no other side effects; when the blade is disturbed and accelerates toward the wind, according to the gyroscopic moment calculation principle It can be concluded that the gyro torque produces no additional torque on the blades, that is, there are no other side effects. That is to say, this installation method has no effect on the swing stability.
  • the gyro is installed at a 60m cross-sectional position.
  • the chord length at this cross-sectional position is about 1.6m
  • the absolute thickness is about 0.43m
  • the designed gyro moment of inertia is 3.2kg ⁇ m 2
  • the rotation speed is about 28500rpm
  • the gyro base is 13
  • the size is about 0.4m, which can increase the first-order straightening mode energy of the blade in the bending moment in the blade root plane by 3.3%.
  • the gyro assembly adopts a modular form, and the direction of the rotation axis of the gyro is not affected by the external dimensions. That is, the installation direction of the gyro on the web 11 can be determined according to actual needs.
  • the gyro assembly also includes accessories for supporting the gyro.
  • the accessories can be installed in a modular form for the support, the gyro base 13 or the connector 20 to improve the installation efficiency of the gyro assembly.
  • the gyro base 13 adopts a three-axis symmetrical form, such as a cube, a sphere, etc., which facilitates installation and direction adjustment.
  • the gyro base 13 has a hexahedral structure.
  • the above-mentioned accessories for supporting the gyroscope are made of materials with low temperature resistance and fatigue resistance.
  • the fixing point must be strengthened so that the gyro base 13 and the web 11 are connected and fixed reliably.
  • the wind turbine blade provided by the present disclosure can effectively improve the stability of the blade's oscillation, flapping, torsion and stall by arranging the gyro assembly on the web and locating the gyro assembly close to the blade tip. It has great economic benefits for blade lightweight design and weight reduction.
  • the impeller diameter of the unit design is getting larger and larger, the requirements for weight reduction and cost reduction are getting higher and higher, and the design uncertainty is significantly increased.
  • Installing gyros in different directions in the blade design can solve the stall/headroom/oscillation/torsion stability in a targeted manner. Sexual issues.
  • the gyro For stall/headroom problems, the gyro needs to be controlled to be turned on when the unit is running near the rated wind speed. To solve the oscillation/torsion stability, the gyro must be controlled to be turned on only when the unit is running at a pitch angle of more than 3 degrees. The gyro can be turned off in other operating intervals of the unit to avoid The long-term operation reliability of the gyroscope is reduced.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and shall not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present disclosure, “plurality” means two or more unless otherwise specified.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection, or a fixed connection.
  • It can be a detachable connection, or an integral connection, it can be a mechanical connection, it can be an electrical connection, it can also be a communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be an internal connection or an internal connection between two components.
  • the interaction between two components can be understood on a case-by-case basis.

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Abstract

一种陀螺组件、风机叶片、叶轮以及风力发电机组，所述风机叶片包括叶片本体（10）、腹板（11）以及陀螺组件，所述叶片本体（10）具有内腔；所述腹板（11）固定设置于所述内腔中；所述陀螺组件设置于所述腹板（11）上，所述陀螺组件包括至少一个陀螺，其中所述陀螺组件配置为通过所述陀螺的旋转来调整所述风机叶片的稳定性。

Description

陀螺组件、风机叶片、叶轮以及风力发电机组 技术领域
本公开属于风力发电技术领域，尤其涉及一种陀螺组件、风机叶片、叶轮以及风力发电机组。
背景技术
在风力发电技术领域中，随着大叶轮大功率机组的开发，机组功率和叶轮直径平方成正比，机组重量和叶轮直径立方成正比，重力载荷导致部件设计成本增加明显，其中包括叶片/变桨轴承/主轴承/齿轮箱/轮毂等部件。长柔叶片稳定性设计越来越成为设计的瓶颈，叶片的轻量化设计带来叶片摆振阻尼损失严重，净空挑战安全边界，颤振转速越来越接近安全运行最大转速。
发明内容
本公开的主要目的在于提供一种陀螺组件、风机叶片、叶轮以及风力发电机组，以提高风机叶片的稳定性。
针对上述目的，本公开提供如下技术方案：
本公开一个方面，提供一种风机叶片，所述风机叶片包括叶片本体、腹板以及陀螺组件，所述叶片本体具有内腔；所述腹板固定设置于所述内腔中；所述陀螺组件设置于所述腹板上，所述陀螺组件包括至少一个陀螺，其中所述陀螺组件配置为通过所述陀螺的旋转来调整所述风机叶片的稳定性。
本公开另一方面，提供一种叶轮，所述叶轮包括轮毂和设置于所述轮毂外周的至少两个风机叶片，所述风机叶片为如上所述的风机叶片。
本公开另一方面，提供一种风力发电机组，所述风力发电机组包括振动传感器、控制装置以及如上所述的叶轮，所述振动传感器用于监测所述风机叶片的振动，所述控制装置用于接收所述振动传感器的监测数据并能够根据所述监测数据控制所述陀螺组件的运行状态。
本公开另一方面提供一种陀螺组件，适用于风力发电机组的叶片，所述陀螺组件用于连接在风机叶片的腹板上，所述陀螺组件包括陀螺，其中所述 陀螺组件配置为通过所述陀螺的旋转来调整所述风机叶片的稳定性。
本公开提供的陀螺组件、风机叶片、叶轮以及风机发电机组至少具有如下有益效果：本公开提供的陀螺组件可以用于安装在风机叶片上，以通过陀螺的转动来调整风机叶片的稳定性。
附图说明
通过下面结合附图对实施例进行的描述，本公开的上述和/或其它目的和优点将会变得更加清楚，其中：
图1为本公开第一示例性实施例提供的风机叶片局部结构图。
图2为本公开第二示例性实施例提供的风机叶片局部结构图。
图3为本公开第三示例性实施例提供的风机叶片局部结构图。
图4为本公开第四示例性实施例提供的风机叶片局部结构图。
图5为本公开第五示例性实施例提供的风机叶片局部结构图。
图6为本公开第六示例性实施例提供的风机叶片局部结构图。
图7为本公开第七示例性实施例提供的风机叶片局部结构图。
附图标记说明：
10、叶片本体；        11、腹板；
12、腹板支座；        13、陀螺座；
14、第一陀螺；        15、第二陀螺；
16、第三陀螺；        17、第一旋转轴；
18、驱动件；          19、陀螺座支座；
20、连接件。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例实施方式。然而，不应被理解为本公开的实施形态限于在此阐述的实施方式。图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的结构，因而将省略它们的详细描述。
本公开一示例性实施例提供一种风力发电机组，该风力发电机组包括塔架，支撑于塔架顶部的叶轮和发电机，叶轮与发电机输入轴连接，以通过叶轮的旋转带动发电机发电。叶轮包括轮毂和连接在轮毂上的至少两个风机叶片，在风力发电机组运行过程中，风机叶片有可能出现振动，本公开提供的 陀螺组件可以应用于风机叶片上，以能够调节风机叶片的稳定性。
具体地，本公开提供的陀螺组件包括至少一个陀螺，该陀螺组件配置为用于安装在风机叶片的腹板11上，至少一个陀螺能够绕自身旋转轴线旋转，从而调整风机叶片的稳定性。陀螺的旋转轴线的设置角度可以根据实际需要选择。
在一个或多个实施例中，本公开提供的陀螺包括质量块，在驱动件的带动下，该质量块能够绕旋转轴线旋转，该质量块的形状可以根据实际选择，例如但不限于，该质量块呈圆柱状。
在一个或多个实施例中，本公开提供的陀螺指的是绕一个支点高速转动的刚体，陀螺具有定轴性和进动性，广泛应用于各行各业。本公开提供的风机叶片的腹板是风电叶片主梁的主要组成结构之一，风机叶片在承受挥舞方向载荷时，腹板将承受很大的压缩载荷，直接影响到风机叶片的安全性能，按照不同得结构设计，腹板的类型有单腹板、双腹板和小腹板等形式。
参照图1，风机叶片可以包括叶片本体10和腹板11，腹板11沿风机叶片的叶展方向S从叶根端延伸至叶尖端，风机叶片的叶展方向S和弦向C分别如图所示。为方便描述，本实施例中以陀螺的旋转轴线同时垂直于叶展方向S和弦向C为例进行说明。
为方便陀螺安装，陀螺组件还包括陀螺座13，每个陀螺座13上设置有至少一个陀螺，每个陀螺分别能够绕自身的旋转轴线旋转。
本实施例中，以陀螺座13设置有一个陀螺为例进行说明。本实施例中，陀螺座13可以为六面体壳体结构，陀螺根据需要设置在陀螺座13的一对相对的侧壁上。
继续参照图1，具体地，陀螺座13包括相对的第一侧壁和第二侧壁，陀螺可以为第一陀螺14，该第一陀螺14通过驱动件18驱动以能够绕旋转轴线旋转。驱动件18可以连接在第一侧壁上，例如但不限于，驱动件18可以为伺服电机，该伺服电机可以设置为其输出轴垂直于第一侧壁，但不以此为限。驱动件18的输出轴可以固定在第一旋转轴17的第一端，第一旋转轴17的第二端可转动地连接在第二侧壁上，即本实施例中，第一旋转轴17可转动地设置于相对的第一侧壁和第二侧壁之间，且第一旋转轴17同时垂直于第一侧壁和第二侧壁，但不以此为限。第一旋转轴17适用于绕第一旋转轴线旋转，使得第一陀螺14能够绕第一旋转轴线旋转。本实施例中，第一旋转轴线大致同 时垂直于叶展方向S和弦向C，如图1所示，但不以此为限。
可以理解的是，根据需要，第一旋转轴17还可以设置于陀螺座13的另外两组相对的侧壁上，使得第一旋转轴线大致平行于叶展方向S或弦向C，但不以此为限。
具体地，第一旋转轴线与叶展方向S之间具有第一夹角，第一旋转轴线与弦向C之间具有第二夹角，第一旋转轴线与厚度方向之间具有第三夹角，其中厚度方向同时垂直于叶展方向S和弦向C。作为示例，第一夹角可以满足0°≤第一夹角≤90°。同理，第二夹角和第三夹角的范围满足0°≤第二夹角≤90°，0°≤第三夹角≤90°。
继续参照图1，为了能够与腹板11连接，陀螺组件还可以包括支座。具体地，支座可以包括固定于腹板11上的腹板支座12和固定于陀螺座13上的陀螺座支座19，腹板支座12和陀螺座支座19匹配，例如但不限于，腹板支座12和陀螺座支座19成对设置且螺纹连接，通过将陀螺座支座19连接于腹板支座12，可以将陀螺座13连接于腹板11上。作为示例，陀螺座支座19与腹板支座12可以螺纹连接，以形成为可拆卸连接，便于陀螺组件的拆装和检修，但不以此为限。其中，支座与腹板的固定形式不做限制，包括但不限于紧固、粘结、磁力吸引、机械卡合、以及形变的卡合等等。另外，支座与腹板还可以以一体成型的方式形成连接部。
进一步地，本实施例中，风机叶片内设置有一个腹板11，陀螺组件可以包括成对设置的一对陀螺对，一对陀螺对可以对称设置于腹板11的两侧，即两个陀螺沿弦向C分别设置在腹板11的两侧。作为示例，两个陀螺相对于腹板11可以对称设置，但不以此为限。
本实施例中，陀螺组件包括一对陀螺座13，一对陀螺座13形成为陀螺对，且一对陀螺座13分别设置于腹板11的相对两侧。本实施例中，一对陀螺座13内的两个陀螺能够分别绕各自的旋转轴线旋转，且两个陀螺的旋转轴线大致平行，但不以此为限。除此，两个陀螺的旋转轴线可以相交或者重合，都在本公开的保护范围内。
一对陀螺对中的两个陀螺座13之间的连线与腹板11之间可以呈预定角度设置。参照图1，每对陀螺对中的两个陀螺座13之间的连线与腹板11大致垂直设置，但不以此为限。可以理解的是，一对陀螺对与腹板11垂直设置时，一对陀螺对的连线大致平行于弦向C，但不以此为限。
除此，每对陀螺对中的两个陀螺座13之间的连线与腹板11之间的夹角可以为30°、45°、60°等，可以根据实际需要选择。
为了提高陀螺组件的有效性，陀螺组件可以靠近风机叶片的叶尖设置，例如但不限于，陀螺组件到风机叶片的叶根的距离L1满足0.5L≤L1≤2/3L(有益于叶片空间优化和防雷的约束)，L为风机叶片的叶展方向S的长度，本实施例中，风机叶片的叶展方向S也可以称为风机叶片的轴向。
本公开通过向陀螺施加绕该陀螺旋转轴线的可控转矩可以产生绕该陀螺的另一轴线的反作用转矩，并且在对应的风机叶片上也会产生该反作用转矩，该可控转矩被施加成能够至少部分抵抗或者抵消风机叶片的不希望的振动转矩，即通过设置陀螺，并使陀螺在风机叶片内转动可以抵抗或者抵消风机叶片的消极转矩，从而提高风机叶片的稳定性。
参照图2，与图1中实施例不同的是，本实施例中陀螺的数量增多，为了进一步提高风机叶片的稳定性，陀螺组件可以包括至少一个第一陀螺14、至少一个第二陀螺15以及至少一个第三陀螺16，第一陀螺14能够绕第一旋转轴线旋转，第二陀螺15能够绕第二旋转轴线旋转，第三陀螺16能够绕第三旋转轴线旋转，第一陀螺14、第二陀螺15以及第三陀螺16三者沿叶展方向S间隔设置，如此在风机叶片出现振动等不稳情况时，可以根据振动情况以及振动幅度将抗振量分配给不同的陀螺，多个陀螺之间协同配合以使风机叶片再获稳定性，提高了风机叶片应对多种工况的适应能力，也就是提高了风机叶片的稳定性或者抗振能力。
继续参照图2，陀螺组件还包括至少3对陀螺对，3对陀螺对沿叶展方向S间隔设置，且3对陀螺对中至少一个第一陀螺14、至少一个第二陀螺15以及至少一个第三陀螺16，第一陀螺14能够绕第一旋转轴线旋转，第二陀螺15能够绕第二旋转轴线旋转，第三陀螺16能够绕第三旋转轴线旋转，第一旋转轴线、第二旋转轴线以及第三旋转轴线彼此垂直，但不以此为限。
每对陀螺对中的两个陀螺座13之间的连线与腹板11之间可以呈预定角度设置。参照图2，每对陀螺对中的两个陀螺座13之间的连线与腹板11大致垂直设置，但不以此为限。除此，每对陀螺对中的两个陀螺座13之间的连线与腹板11之间的夹角可以为30°、45°、60°等，可以根据实际需要选择。本实施例中，多对陀螺对大致平行设置，便于陀螺组件的模块化生产和组装，利于降低运维成本，但不以此为限。
根据实际需要，相邻陀螺对之间可以沿叶展方向S等间隔设置，但不以此为限。
参照图3和图4，本公开另一示例性实施例提供的风机叶片的结构图，与图1中实施例不同的是，本实施例中风机叶片包括至少两个腹板11，一对陀螺对设置于相邻的两个腹板11之间。本实施例中，陀螺对还包括连接件20，连接件20连接在一对陀螺对之间。通过在两个陀螺之间设置连接件20，进一步提高了陀螺组件的结构强度。可选地，还可以直接将两个陀螺之间的部分以一体成型的形式形成为一个连接部，而无需相应的结合元件。
为了提高风力发电机组的智能化模式，降低人工运维车本，风力发电机组还可以包括振动传感器、控制装置以及叶轮，振动传感器用于监测风机叶片的振动，控制装置用于接收振动传感器的监测数据并能够根据监测数据控制陀螺组件的运行状态。
在一个或多个实施例中，将陀螺力矩用于机组稳定性提升，主要利用叶轮的转动、风机叶片摆振、风机叶片挥舞、风机叶片扭转等模态的运动特性产生的陀螺力矩(
Figure PCTCN2022120934-appb-000001
中J为陀螺转子惯量，Ω为陀螺自转转速，ω为陀螺公转的转速)对叶片扰动和变形的反抵消作用，该陀螺为单轴转动陀螺，具有模块化安装优势，根据以下控制稳定性的要求及转动方向固定在单个腹板上或者双腹板之间。
参照图5，本实施例中，X向为风机叶片的顺风方向，Y向指示风机叶片的前向，Z向指示风机叶片的低头方向。另外，风机叶片的叶展方向S和弦向C如图所示。
在本实施例中，陀螺的旋转轴线与叶展方向S和弦向C同时垂直设置，陀螺的角速度ω方向为箭头所指方向，其中，箭头同时垂直于风机叶片叶展方向S和弦向C，如此能够通过陀螺的旋转提高风机叶片挥舞稳定性，其主要通过以下机制提高风机叶片挥舞稳定性，提高挥舞稳定性也有利于提升摆振稳定性。
叶轮自传影响分析：叶轮转动方向和陀螺转动方向同向，根据陀螺力矩计算原理可得出该陀螺力矩对风机叶片无产生附加力矩，即该种安装方式不会带来额外的副作用。
叶片摆振稳定性分析：当风机叶片受扰动向前(即Y向)加速，和陀螺转动方向同向，根据陀螺力矩计算原理可得出该陀螺力矩对风机叶片无产生 附加力矩，即无其他副作用；当风机叶片受扰动向后(即Y向的反方向)加速，也无产生附加力矩。即该种安装方式不会带来额外的副作用。
叶片挥舞稳定性分析：当叶片受扰动向顺风(即X向)加速，根据陀螺力矩计算原理可得出该陀螺力矩驱动叶片抬头；当叶片受扰动向迎风(即X向的反方向)加速，根据陀螺力矩计算原理可得出该陀螺力矩驱动叶片低头；即该种安装方式对挥舞稳定性有利。
叶片扭转稳定性分析：当叶片受扰动抬头(即Z向的反方向)，根据陀螺力矩计算原理可得出该陀螺力矩驱动叶片逆风运动；当叶片受扰动低头，根据陀螺力矩计算原理可得出该陀螺力矩驱动叶片顺风运动。即该种安装方式对扭转稳定性不利。
具体地，以90m风机叶片为例，将陀螺安装于距离叶根60m截面位置，该截面位置弦长约1.6m，绝对厚度约0.43m，设计陀螺转动惯量为3.2kg·m 2，转速约5600rpm，陀螺座13尺寸约0.4m，可将叶根面内弯矩中叶片一阶摆正模态能量降低12％。
参照图6，本实施例中，X向为风机叶片的顺风方向，Y向指示风机叶片的前向，Z向指示风机叶片的低头方向。另外，风机叶片的叶展方向S和弦向C如图所示。
在本实施例中，陀螺的旋转轴线与叶展方向S大致平行设置，本实施例中，陀螺的角速度ω方向为箭头所指方向，其中，箭头平行于叶展方向S，如此通过该陀螺的旋转能够提高风机叶片摆振稳定性，其主要通过以下机制提高叶片净空和摆振稳定性。
叶轮自传影响分析：根据陀螺力矩计算原理可得出该陀螺力矩驱动叶片逆风运动，可提高净空安全性。
叶片摆振稳定性分析：当叶片受扰动向前加速，根据陀螺力矩计算原理可得出该陀螺力矩驱动叶片逆风运动；当叶片受扰动向后加速，陀螺力矩驱动叶片顺风运动。即该种安装方式对摆振稳定性通过攻角的调整趋于有利。
叶片挥舞稳定性分析：当叶片受扰动向顺风加速，陀螺力矩驱动叶片向前加速；当叶片受扰动向迎风加速，陀螺力矩驱动减速。即该种安装方式对挥舞稳定性不利，但是挥舞方向气动阻尼很大可抵消这种不利影响。
叶片扭转稳定性分析：当叶片受扰动抬头，根据陀螺力矩计算原理可得 出该陀螺力矩对叶片无附加力矩产生，即无其他副作用；当叶片受扰动低头，根据陀螺力矩计算原理可得出该陀螺力矩对叶片无附加力矩产生，即无其他副作用。即该种安装方式不会带来额外的副作用。
具体地，以90m叶片为例，将陀螺安装于距离叶根60m截面位置，该截面位置弦长约1.6m，绝对厚度约0.43m，设计陀螺转动惯量为3.2kg·m 2，转速约5600rpm，陀螺座13尺寸约0.4m，可将叶根面内弯矩中叶片一阶摆正模态能量降低4.4％。
参照图7，本实施例中，X向为风机叶片的顺风方向，Y向指示风机叶片的前向，Z向指示风机叶片的低头方向。另外，风机叶片的叶展方向S和弦向C如图所示。
在本实施例中，陀螺的旋转轴线与弦向C平行设置，本实施例中，陀螺的角速度ω方向为箭头所指方向，其中，箭头平行于风机叶片弦向C，如此能够提高失速及净空裕度，其主要通过以下机制提高叶片净空和失速裕度：
叶轮自传影响分析：根据陀螺力矩计算原理可得出该陀螺力矩驱动叶片低头。即该种安装方式可提高叶片失速裕度。
叶片摆振稳定性分析：当叶片受扰动向前加速，根据陀螺力矩计算原理可得出该陀螺力矩驱动叶片低头；当叶片受扰动向后减速，陀螺力矩驱动叶片抬头。即该种安装方式对摆振稳定性不利。
叶片挥舞稳定性分析：当叶片受扰动向顺风加速，根据陀螺力矩计算原理可得出该陀螺力矩对叶片无附加力矩产生，即无其他副作用；当叶片受扰动向迎风加速，根据陀螺力矩计算原理可得出该陀螺力矩对叶片无附加力矩产生，即无其他副作用。即该种安装方式对挥舞稳定性无影响。
叶片扭转稳定性分析：当叶片受扰动抬头，陀螺力矩驱动叶片加速运动；当叶片受扰动低头，根陀螺力矩驱动叶片减速运动。即该种安装方式对扭转稳定性有利。
具体地，以90m叶片为例，将陀螺安装于60m截面位置，该截面位置弦长约1.6m，绝对厚度约0.43m，设计陀螺转动惯量为3.2kg·m 2，转速约28500rpm，陀螺座13尺寸约0.4m，可将叶根面内弯矩中叶片一阶摆正模态能量提高3.3％。
陀螺组件采用模块化形式，陀螺的旋转轴线的方向不受外形尺寸影响， 即陀螺的在腹板11上的安装方向可以根据实际需要确定。
陀螺组件还包括用于支撑陀螺的附件，例如但不限于，该附件可以为支座、陀螺座13或连接件20采用模块化形式安装，以提高陀螺组件的安装效率。陀螺座13采用三轴对称形式，例如正方体、球体等，便于安装和方向的调整。作为示例，本实施例中，陀螺座13为六面体结构。
上述用于支撑陀螺的附件采用具有抗低温、耐疲劳性能的材料进行制作。陀螺座13与腹板11连接固定时，在固定点要进行强化，使得陀螺座13与腹板11连接固定可靠。
在一个或多个实施例中，本公开提供的风机叶片，通过在腹板上设置陀螺组件，且将陀螺组件靠近叶尖设置，可有效提高叶片摆振、挥舞、扭转和失速的稳定性，对叶片轻量化设计及减重降本有很大的经济效益。
目前机组设计叶轮直径越来越大，减重降本要求越来越高，设计不确定性明显增加，在叶片设计中安装不同方向的陀螺能够针对性的解决失速/净空/摆振/扭转稳定性问题。
如果需要解决摆振稳定性问题，选择图5中方案或者图6中方案安装方式；如果需要解决净空问题，选择图6中方案或者图7中方案安装方式；如果需要解决失速问题，选择图7中方案安装方式；如果同时存在多种问题可同时选择多种对应安装方式。
对于失速/净空问题需要控制陀螺在机组运行在额定风速附近才开启，对于解决摆振/扭转稳定性需要控制陀螺在机组运行在桨距角3度以上才开启，机组其他运行区间可关闭陀螺避免陀螺长期运行可靠性降低。
在本公开的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本公开的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语 “安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接，可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接，也可以是通讯连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
本公开所描述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式结合在一个或更多实施方式中。在上面的描述中，提供许多具体细节从而给出对本公开的实施方式的充分理解。然而，本领域技术人员将意识到，可以实践本公开的技术方案而没有所述特定细节中的一个或更多，或者可以采用其它的方法、组件、材料等。在其它情况下，不详细示出或描述公知结构、材料或者操作以避免模糊本公开的各方面。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种风机叶片，其特征在于，所述风机叶片包括：
    叶片本体(10)，具有内腔；
    腹板(11)，固定设置于所述内腔中；
    陀螺组件，设置于所述腹板(11)上，所述陀螺组件包括至少一个陀螺，其中所述陀螺组件配置为通过所述陀螺的旋转来调整所述风机叶片的稳定性。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的风机叶片，其特征在于，所述至少一个陀螺可转动地设置于所述腹板(11)上，其中，所述至少一个陀螺能够绕自身旋转轴线旋转，所述旋转轴线与叶展方向S之间具有第一夹角，与弦向C之间具有第二夹角，与厚度方向之间具有第三夹角，其中，厚度方向同时垂直于所述叶展方向S和所述弦向C。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的风机叶片，其特征在于，所述陀螺组件还包括陀螺座(13)，每个所述陀螺对应设置有一个所述陀螺座(13)，所述至少一个陀螺包括第一陀螺(14)、第二陀螺(15)以及第三陀螺(16)，所述第一陀螺(14)适用于绕第一旋转轴线旋转，所述第二陀螺(15)适用于绕第二旋转轴线旋转，所述第三陀螺(16)适用于绕第三旋转轴线旋转。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的风机叶片，其特征在于，所述第一陀螺(14)、所述第二陀螺(15)以及所述第三陀螺(16)沿所述风机叶片的叶展方向S间隔布置。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的风机叶片，其特征在于，所述第一旋转轴线、所述第二旋转轴线以及所述第三旋转轴线彼此垂直。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的风机叶片，其特征在于，所述陀螺组件还包括陀螺座(13)，所述陀螺座(13)成对设置，每对所述陀螺座(13)之间的连线与所述腹板(11)之间呈预定角度设置。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的风机叶片，其特征在于，每对所述陀螺座(13)之间的连线垂直于所述腹板(11)。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的风机叶片，其特征在于，每对所述陀螺座(13)中的两个所述陀螺的旋转轴线平行、相交或重合。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的风机叶片，其特征在于，所述风机叶片包括一个所述腹板(11)，每对所述陀螺座(13)分别设置于所述腹板(11)的两侧。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的风机叶片，其特征在于，所述风机叶片包括至少两个所述腹板(11)，至少两个所述腹板(11)沿所述风机叶片的叶展方向S延伸且沿所述风机叶片的弦向C间隔平行设置，每对所述陀螺座(13)设置于至少两个所述腹板(11)之间。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的风机叶片，其特征在于，所述陀螺组件靠近所述风机叶片的叶尖设置，所述陀螺组件到所述风机叶片的叶根的距离L1满足0.5L≤L1≤2/3L，L为所述风机叶片的叶展方向S长度。
  12. 一种叶轮，其特征在于，所述叶轮包括轮毂和设置于所述轮毂外周的至少两个风机叶片，所述风机叶片为如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的风机叶片。
  13. 一种风力发电机组，其特征在于，所述风力发电机组包括振动传感器、控制装置以及如权利要求12所述的叶轮，所述振动传感器用于监测所述风机叶片的振动，所述控制装置用于接收所述振动传感器的监测数据并能够根据所述监测数据控制所述陀螺组件的运行状态。
  14. 一种陀螺组件，其特征在于，适用于风力发电机组的叶片，所述陀螺组件用于连接在风机叶片的腹板(11)上，所述陀螺组件包括陀螺，其中所述陀螺组件配置为通过所述陀螺的旋转来调整所述风机叶片的稳定性。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的陀螺组件，其特征在于，所述陀螺组件还包括陀螺座(13)，所述陀螺绕旋转轴线可转动地设置于所述陀螺座(13)上，所述陀螺组件还包括驱动件，所述驱动件适用于驱动所述陀螺旋转。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的陀螺组件，其特征在于，所述陀螺组件还包括支座，所述陀螺座(13)适用于通过所述支座连接于所述腹板(11)上。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的陀螺组件，其特征在于，所述陀螺组件包括成对设置的一对所述陀螺座(13)，一对所述陀螺座(13)适用于设置在所述腹板(11)的相对两侧，其中一对所述支座适用于相对设置于所述腹板(11)的相对两侧。
  18. 如权利要求16所述的陀螺组件，其特征在于，所述陀螺组件包括成对设置的一对所述陀螺座(13)，一对所述支座适用于相对设置于一对所述腹板(11)的相面对的两侧，以使得一对所述陀螺座(13)设置在相邻的一对所述腹板之间，一对所述陀螺座(13)之间通过连接件连接。
  19. 如权利要求16所述的陀螺组件，其特征在于，所述陀螺组件包括适 用于沿所述风机叶片的叶展方向S间隔设置的至少3个陀螺，其中，至少3个所述陀螺中包括至少一个第一陀螺(14)、至少一个第二陀螺(15)以及至少一个第三陀螺(16)，所述第一陀螺(14)适用于绕第一旋转轴线旋转，所述第二陀螺(15)适用于绕第二旋转轴线旋转，所述第三陀螺(16)适用于绕第三旋转轴线旋转。
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