WO2023286381A1 - ガスタービンシステム - Google Patents
ガスタービンシステム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023286381A1 WO2023286381A1 PCT/JP2022/014107 JP2022014107W WO2023286381A1 WO 2023286381 A1 WO2023286381 A1 WO 2023286381A1 JP 2022014107 W JP2022014107 W JP 2022014107W WO 2023286381 A1 WO2023286381 A1 WO 2023286381A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- ammonia
- gas turbine
- combustor
- separation device
- Prior art date
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 268
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 211
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 211
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 207
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 110
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 36
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 18
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/501—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
Definitions
- a gas turbine system that obtains power by burning fuel in a combustor is used.
- Some gas turbine systems use ammonia as fuel. Emission of carbon dioxide is suppressed by using ammonia as a fuel. Ammonia is less combustible than other fuels and has flame retardancy. Therefore, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a technique has been proposed in which ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen and the resulting hydrogen is supplied to a combustor in order to improve combustibility.
- the purpose of this disclosure is to improve the efficiency of gas turbine systems.
- the gas turbine system of the present disclosure includes a combustor, an intake passage connected to the combustor, an exhaust passage connected to the combustor, and a compressor provided in the intake passage.
- a turbine provided in an exhaust passage, an ammonia tank, an ammonia supply port connected to the ammonia tank, and a hydrogen discharge port connected to the combustor, the exhaust passage downstream of the turbine,
- a hydrogen generation separation device disposed downstream of the compressor in the intake passage and having an ammonia decomposition catalyst and a hydrogen separation membrane.
- the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen generation separation device may be connected to the combustor via the first gas reservoir.
- the hydrogen generation separation device has a nitrogen outlet, and the nitrogen discharge port of the hydrogen generation separation device may be connected to the combustor.
- the nitrogen outlet of the hydrogen generation separation device may be connected to the combustor via the second gas reservoir.
- a pump may be provided in the channel that connects the ammonia tank and the ammonia supply port of the hydrogen generation separation device.
- the hydrogen generation/separation device may have a nitrogen outlet, a denitrification device may be provided downstream of the turbine in the exhaust passage, and the nitrogen discharge port of the hydrogen generation/separation device may be connected to the denitration device.
- the hydrogen generation separation device may have a nitrogen outlet, and the nitrogen discharge port of the hydrogen generation separation device may be connected to the turbine.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the hydrogen generation separation device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to a first modification.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to a second modification.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to a third modification.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to a fourth modification.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to a fifth modification.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to a sixth modification.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to a seventh modification.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to an eighth modification.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1 according to this embodiment.
- the gas turbine system 1 includes a supercharger 11, a generator 12, a combustor 13, an ammonia tank 14, a vaporizer 15, a hydrogen generation/separation device 16, and a first pump 21. , a second pump 22 , a first flow control valve 31 , a second flow control valve 32 , and a first cooling device 41 .
- the supercharger 11 has a compressor 11a and a turbine 11b. Compressor 11a and turbine 11b rotate as a unit. Compressor 11a and turbine 11b are connected by a shaft.
- the compressor 11 a is provided in an intake passage 101 connected to the combustor 13 . Air supplied to the combustor 13 flows through the intake passage 101 . An upstream end of the intake passage 101 is provided with an intake port (not shown) through which air is taken in from the outside. Air taken in from the intake port passes through the compressor 11 a and is sent to the combustor 13 .
- the compressor 11a compresses air and discharges it downstream.
- the turbine 11 b is provided in an exhaust flow path 102 connected to the combustor 13 . Exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 13 flows through the exhaust flow path 102 . An exhaust port (not shown) through which the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside is provided at the downstream end of the exhaust passage 102 . Exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 13 passes through the turbine 11b and is sent to the exhaust port. The turbine 11b generates rotational power by being rotated by the exhaust gas.
- the generator 12 is connected to the turbocharger 11.
- the generator 12 generates power using the rotational power generated by the supercharger 11 .
- the combustor 13 has a combustion chamber (not shown).
- the combustion chamber of the combustor 13 is supplied with air compressed by the compressor 11 a through an intake passage 101 .
- the combustion chamber of the combustor 13 is supplied with hydrogen as fuel from the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 as will be described later.
- a mixture comprising fuel and air is produced in the combustion chamber of combustor 13 .
- Exhaust gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber of combustor 13 is discharged to exhaust flow path 102 .
- Liquid ammonia is stored in the ammonia tank 14 .
- Ammonia tank 14 is connected to hydrogen generation separation device 16 via channel 103 . Thereby, ammonia can be supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the hydrogen generation separation device 16 .
- the flow path 103 is provided with a first pump 21, a first flow control valve 31, and a vaporizer 15 in this order from the upstream side.
- the first pump 21 compresses the ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 and sends it downstream.
- the liquid ammonia sent by the first pump 21 passes through the first flow control valve 31 and is sent to the vaporizer 15 .
- the first flow control valve 31 controls the flow rate of ammonia flowing through the flow path 103 .
- the amount of liquid ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the vaporizer 15 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the first flow control valve 31 .
- the carburetor 15 is arranged downstream of the turbine 11b in the exhaust passage 102 .
- the ammonia in the vaporizer 15 and the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 102 can exchange heat in a state where the inside of the vaporizer 15 and the inside of the exhaust passage 102 are not communicated with each other.
- the liquid ammonia sent to the vaporizer 15 is heated and vaporized by the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 102 .
- Ammonia vaporized by the vaporizer 15 is sent to the hydrogen generation separation device 16 .
- the hydrogen generation separation device 16 decomposes ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen, and separates the hydrogen from the decomposed gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen.
- the hydrogen generation separation device 16 has an ammonia supply port 16a, a hydrogen discharge port 16b, and a nitrogen discharge port 16c.
- An ammonia tank 14 is connected to the ammonia supply port 16a via a flow path 103. Ammonia sent from the ammonia tank 14 is supplied to the inside of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 through the ammonia supply port 16a.
- a combustor 13 is connected to the hydrogen outlet 16b via a flow path 104 . Hydrogen generated and separated in the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 is sent to the flow path 104 via the hydrogen outlet 16b. The hydrogen sent to flow path 104 is supplied to combustor 13 .
- a flow path 105 is connected to the nitrogen outlet 16c.
- a gas containing nitrogen generated by decomposition of ammonia in the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 and residual ammonia remaining without being decomposed is sent to the flow path 105 via the nitrogen outlet 16c.
- the gas containing residual ammonia sent to the flow path 105 is purified by, for example, a purification device (not shown) and discharged to the outside.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the hydrogen generation separation device 16.
- the hydrogen generation separation device 16 has a housing 16d, an ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e, and a hydrogen separation membrane 16f.
- the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e is a catalyst that decomposes ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen.
- the hydrogen separation membrane 16f is a membrane that selectively permeates hydrogen contained in the cracked gas obtained by decomposition of ammonia.
- the hydrogen separation membrane 16f is made of, for example, palladium, an alloy containing palladium, vanadium, or an alloy containing vanadium.
- Ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e and hydrogen separation membrane 16f are accommodated in housing 16d.
- the hydrogen generation separator 16 is also called a membrane reactor.
- the housing 16d has, for example, a cylindrical shape. In the example of FIG. 2, the housing 16d extends in the left-right direction.
- the hydrogen separation membrane 16f has a cylindrical shape and is arranged coaxially with the housing 16d.
- the hydrogen separation membrane 16f extends rightward from the left end of the housing 16d.
- the left end of the hydrogen separation membrane 16f is open.
- the right end of the hydrogen separation membrane 16f is closed.
- the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e is filled between the outer surface of the hydrogen separation membrane 16f and the inner peripheral surface of the housing 16d.
- the right end surface of the hydrogen separation membrane 16f is covered with the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e from the right side.
- the outer peripheral surface of the portion on the right side of the hydrogen separation membrane 16f (that is, on the side of the ammonia supply port 16a) is covered with the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e from the radially outer side.
- the space inside the housing 16d outside the hydrogen separation membrane 16f is divided by the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e into a space on the right side and a space on the left side of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e.
- the ammonia supply port 16a is provided at the right end of the housing 16d.
- the ammonia supply port 16a communicates with a space in the housing 16d on the right side of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e.
- the hydrogen outlet 16b is provided at the left end of the housing 16d.
- the hydrogen outlet 16b communicates with the space inside the hydrogen separation membrane 16f.
- the nitrogen discharge port 16c is provided on the left side of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e on the outer peripheral surface of the housing 16d.
- the nitrogen outlet 16c communicates with a space on the left side of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e in the space between the outer peripheral surface of the hydrogen separation membrane 16f and the inner peripheral surface of the housing 16d.
- Ammonia supplied into the housing 16d from the ammonia supply port 16a is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen by the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e.
- the cracked gas obtained by cracking ammonia contains hydrogen and nitrogen.
- the cracked gas may also contain residual ammonia left undecomposed.
- the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 is arranged downstream of the turbine 11b in the exhaust passage 102 . Specifically, heat can be exchanged between the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 and the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 102 while the interior of the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 and the interior of the exhaust passage 102 are not in communication. . Therefore, the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e of the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 is heated by the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 102 to a temperature at which the decomposition of ammonia is actively performed.
- the hydrogen contained in the cracked gas permeates the hydrogen separation membrane 16f and is sent to the space inside the hydrogen separation membrane 16f. Hydrogen that permeates the hydrogen separation membrane 16f is discharged from the hydrogen discharge port 16b. Residual ammonia and nitrogen contained in the cracked gas do not pass through the hydrogen separation membrane 16f and are discharged from the nitrogen discharge port 16c. A part of the hydrogen contained in the cracked gas can also be discharged from the nitrogen outlet 16c without permeating the hydrogen separation membrane 16f.
- the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e may be provided in the space inside the hydrogen separation membrane 16f.
- the space inside the hydrogen separation membrane 16f is divided into two spaces by the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e.
- One of the spaces in the hydrogen separation membrane 16f separated by the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e communicates with the ammonia supply port 16a.
- the nitrogen outlet 16c communicates with the other space partitioned by the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e in the hydrogen separation membrane 16f.
- the hydrogen outlet 16b communicates with a space outside the hydrogen separation membrane 16f in the space inside the housing 16d.
- ammonia is supplied into the hydrogen separation membrane 16f and decomposed in the hydrogen separation membrane 16f.
- the hydrogen contained in the cracked gas generated within the hydrogen separation membrane 16f permeates outward through the hydrogen separation membrane 16f and is discharged from the space outside the hydrogen separation membrane 16f in the housing 16d through the hydrogen discharge port 16b. is discharged.
- the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 is arranged upstream of the vaporizer 15 in the exhaust passage 102 .
- the thermal energy required for vaporizing ammonia in the vaporizer 15 is smaller than the thermal energy required for heating the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e. Therefore, by arranging the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 upstream of the vaporizer 15 in the exhaust flow path 102, while vaporizing the ammonia, ammonia is decomposed to a temperature at which ammonia is actively decomposed. Heating of the catalyst 16e is suitably realized.
- a first cooling device 41, a second pump 22, and a second flow control valve 32 are provided in the flow path 104 in this order from the upstream side.
- the first cooling device 41 cools hydrogen flowing upstream of the second pump 22 in the flow path 104 .
- the first cooling device 41 is a device that cools the hydrogen flowing through the flow path 104 with cooling water or air.
- the first cooling device 41 may be a device that exchanges heat between the upstream side of the evaporator 15 in the flow path 103 and the upstream side of the second pump 22 in the flow path 104 .
- the second pump 22 compresses the hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen generation separation device 16 and sends it downstream. Hydrogen sent by the second pump 22 passes through the second flow control valve 32 and is sent to the combustor 13 .
- the second flow control valve 32 controls the flow rate of hydrogen flowing through the channel 104 . By adjusting the degree of opening of the second flow control valve 32, the amount of hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 to the combustor 13 is adjusted.
- the ammonia tank 14 is connected to the ammonia supply port 16a of the hydrogen generation separation device 16.
- the combustor 13 is connected to the hydrogen outlet 16b of the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 . It is thus realized to split ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen and supply the resulting hydrogen to the combustor 13 .
- the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 is arranged downstream of the turbine 11b in the exhaust passage 102.
- the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e of the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 is heated by the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust flow path 102 to a temperature at which ammonia is actively decomposed.
- the hydrogen generation separation device 16 hydrogen is separated using the hydrogen separation membrane 16f, so the decomposition of ammonia is promoted. Therefore, even if the thermal energy given to the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 is small to some extent, the amount of hydrogen supplied to the combustor 13 can be maintained at a predetermined level. For example, compared to the method of generating hydrogen from ammonia using only the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e, the energy consumed to ensure the supply of hydrogen to the combustor 13 can be reduced. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the efficiency of the gas turbine system 1 is improved.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1A according to a first modified example. As shown in FIG. 3, in the gas turbine system 1A according to the first modification, the arrangement of the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 is different from that of the gas turbine system 1 described above.
- the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 is arranged downstream of the compressor 11a in the intake passage 101.
- the ammonia decomposition catalyst 16e of the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 is heated by the air flowing through the air intake passage 101 to a temperature at which ammonia is actively decomposed.
- the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 may be arranged downstream of the turbine 11b in the exhaust passage 102, or may be arranged downstream of the compressor 11a in the intake passage 101.
- the pressure of the air discharged by the compressor 11a is higher than the pressure of the exhaust gas that has passed through the turbine 11b. Therefore, when the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 is arranged downstream of the compressor 11a in the intake passage 101, the pressure resistance of the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 must be increased. Therefore, from the viewpoint of improving the degree of freedom of pressure resistance of the hydrogen generation/separation device 16, it is preferable that the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 be arranged downstream of the turbine 11b in the exhaust passage 102.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1B according to a second modified example. As shown in FIG. 4, the gas turbine system 1B according to the second modification differs from the gas turbine system 1 described above in that a first gas storage device 51 is added.
- the hydrogen discharge port 16b of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is connected to the combustor 13 via the first gas storage device 51.
- the first gas storage device 51 stores hydrogen.
- the first gas reservoir 51 is provided downstream of the second pump 22 and upstream of the second flow control valve 32 in the flow path 104 .
- the hydrogen delivered by the second pump 22 is sent to the first gas storage device 51 and stored.
- the hydrogen stored in the first gas storage device 51 passes through the second flow control valve 32 and is sent to the combustor 13 .
- the hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is stored in the first gas storage device 51. Therefore, hydrogen stored in the first gas storage device 51 can be supplied to the combustor 13 even when the gas turbine system 1 ⁇ /b>B does not generate hydrogen by the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 .
- the required amount of hydrogen to be supplied to the combustor 13 rapidly increases or decreases, the amount of hydrogen to be supplied to the combustor 13 can be changed with good responsiveness. Therefore, excess or deficiency in the amount of hydrogen supplied to the combustor 13 is suppressed.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1C according to a third modified example. As shown in FIG. 5, in the gas turbine system 1C according to the third modification, the nitrogen discharge port 16c of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is connected to the combustor 13, unlike the gas turbine system 1B described above. is different.
- the combustor 13 is connected to the nitrogen outlet 16c of the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 via a flow path 106.
- the flow path 106 is provided with a second cooling device 42, a third pump 23, a second gas reservoir 52 and a third flow control valve 33 in order from the upstream side.
- the second cooling device 42 cools the gas containing residual ammonia that flows upstream of the third pump 23 in the flow path 106 .
- the second cooling device 42 is a device that cools the gas flowing through the flow path 106 with cooling water or air.
- the second cooling device 42 may be a device that exchanges heat between the upstream side of the evaporator 15 in the flow path 103 and the upstream side of the third pump 23 in the flow path 106 .
- the temperature of the gas sent to the third pump 23 is lowered. Therefore, since the volume of gas sent to the third pump 23 is reduced, less energy is spent for compressing the gas by the third pump 23 .
- the third pump 23 compresses the gas containing residual ammonia discharged from the hydrogen generation separation device 16 and sends it downstream.
- the gas delivered by the third pump 23 is sent to the second gas reservoir 52 and stored.
- the gas stored in the second gas storage device 52 passes through the third flow control valve 33 and is sent to the combustor 13 .
- the third flow control valve 33 controls the flow rate of gas flowing through the flow path 106 . By adjusting the degree of opening of the third flow control valve 33, the amount of gas containing residual ammonia supplied from the hydrogen generation separation device 16 to the combustor 13 is adjusted.
- the nitrogen outlet 16c of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is connected to the combustor 13.
- residual ammonia can also be supplied to the combustor 13 as fuel. Therefore, a purifying device for purifying residual ammonia discharged from the nitrogen outlet 16c is not required. Furthermore, the energy obtained from combustion in combustor 13 can be increased.
- the nitrogen outlet 16 c of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is connected to the combustor 13 via the second gas storage device 52 . Therefore, the gas containing residual ammonia discharged from the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is stored in the second gas storage device 52 . Therefore, when the combustion in the combustor 13 is stabilized and the combustion state suitable for burning the residual ammonia is reached, the residual ammonia stored in the second gas storage device 52 can be supplied to the combustor 13. .
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1D according to a fourth modification. As shown in FIG. 6, the gas turbine system 1D according to the fourth modification differs from the gas turbine system 1C described above in that the second pump 22 and the third pump 23 are not provided.
- the pressure of the supplied gas When supplying gas that serves as fuel to the combustor 13 , the pressure of the supplied gas must be higher than the pressure inside the combustor 13 . Therefore, in the gas turbine system 1C, the pressure of hydrogen supplied to the combustor 13 is increased by the second pump 22, and the pressure of gas containing residual ammonia supplied to the combustor 13 is increased by the third pump 23. There is Energy is required to drive the second pump 22 and the third pump 23 .
- the flow path 104 connecting the hydrogen outlet 16b of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 and the combustor 13, and the nitrogen discharge port 16c of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 and the combustor 13 No pump is provided in the channel 106 connecting the .
- a flow path 103 connecting the ammonia tank 14 and the ammonia supply port 16 a of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is provided with a first pump 21 as a pump.
- the gas turbine system 1D according to the fourth modification is also preferably provided with the first cooling device 41 and the second cooling device 42, as in the gas turbine system 1C described above.
- the first cooling device 41 By cooling the hydrogen flowing upstream of the first gas storage device 51 in the flow path 104 by the first cooling device 41, the temperature of the hydrogen sent to the first gas storage device 51 is lowered. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the hydrogen stored in the first gas storage device 51 from dropping during storage and the pressure in the first gas storage device 51 from becoming excessively low.
- the gas containing residual ammonia flowing upstream of the second gas storage device 52 in the flow path 106 is cooled by the second cooling device 42, thereby lowering the temperature of the gas sent to the second gas storage device 52. . Therefore, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the gas stored in the second gas reservoir 52 from dropping during storage and the pressure in the second gas reservoir 52 from becoming excessively low.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1E according to a fifth modification. As shown in FIG. 7, in the gas turbine system 1E according to the fifth modification, the nitrogen discharge port 16c of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is connected to the denitrification device 61, unlike the gas turbine system 1C described above. is different.
- the denitrification device 61 reacts nitrogen oxides (NOx) flowing through the exhaust passage 102 with ammonia to decompose them into nitrogen and water.
- the denitrification device 61 is provided downstream of the turbine 11b in the exhaust passage 102 .
- the denitrification device 61 is arranged downstream of the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 and upstream of the vaporizer 15 in the exhaust passage 102 .
- the denitrification device 61 may be arranged downstream of the vaporizer 15 in the exhaust passage 102 .
- the thermal energy required for vaporizing ammonia in the vaporizer 15 is smaller than the thermal energy required for decomposition of nitrogen oxides in the denitrification device 61 . Therefore, by arranging the denitrification device 61 upstream of the vaporizer 15 in the exhaust passage 102, it is possible to appropriately decompose nitrogen oxides while vaporizing ammonia.
- the second gas storage device 52 and the denitrification device 61 are connected via the flow path 107.
- a fourth flow control valve 34 is provided in the flow path 107 .
- the gas containing residual ammonia stored in the second gas storage device 52 passes through the fourth flow control valve 34 and is sent to the denitrification device 61 .
- the fourth flow control valve 34 controls the flow rate of gas flowing through the flow path 107 . By adjusting the opening degree of the fourth flow control valve 34, the amount of gas containing residual ammonia supplied from the second gas storage device 52 to the denitrification device 61 is adjusted.
- the nitrogen outlet 16c of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is connected to the denitrification device 61.
- residual ammonia discharged from the hydrogen generation separation device 16 can be effectively used for decomposition of nitrogen oxides in the denitrification device 61 .
- the nitrogen outlet 16c of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is connected to the denitrification device 61 via the second gas storage device 52.
- the nitrogen outlet 16c of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 may be connected to the denitrification device 61 without the second gas storage device 52.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1F according to a sixth modification.
- the gas turbine system 1F according to the sixth modification differs from the above-described gas turbine system 1B in that the nitrogen discharge port 16c of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is connected to the turbine 11b. different.
- the nitrogen discharge port 16c of the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 is connected via the flow path 108 to the turbine 11b.
- the gas containing residual ammonia discharged from the nitrogen outlet 16c is sent to the turbine 11b via the flow path 108.
- the nitrogen discharge port 16c of the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 may be connected to an intermediate stage between the blade bodies of the turbine 11b. It may be connected to the upstream side from the upstream wing body.
- the nitrogen outlet 16c of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is connected to the turbine 11b.
- the turbine 11 b is rotated by the gas containing residual ammonia discharged from the hydrogen generation separation device 16 . Therefore, the rotational power generated by the supercharger 11 can be increased. Further, residual ammonia that has passed through the turbine 11b is supplied to a denitrification device (not shown) provided in the exhaust flow path 102, and is effectively used to decompose nitrogen oxides.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1G according to a seventh modification. As shown in FIG. 9, the gas turbine system 1G according to the seventh modification differs from the gas turbine system 1C described above in that a part of it is shared with another system 2 .
- the system 2 is a power generation system including a flow path 109, a heat exchanger 71, and a heat exchanger 72. Water flows through the channel 109 . Although flow path 109 is shown in a simplified manner in FIG. 9, flow path 109 is a closed circuit. In other words, water circulates in the channel 109 . Flow path 109 is provided with a turbine, not shown, and is powered by the turbine using the steam flow.
- the heat exchangers 71 and 72 are arranged downstream of the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 and upstream of the vaporizer 15 in the exhaust passage 102 .
- the heat exchanger 71 is provided downstream of the heat exchanger 72 in the exhaust flow path 102 .
- the heat exchanger 71 is provided upstream of the heat exchanger 72 in the flow path 109 .
- the liquid water flowing through the flow path 109 is heated by the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust flow path 102 .
- the heated liquid water is then heated again by the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 102 in the heat exchanger 72 and vaporized into water vapor.
- a turbine (not shown) is rotated by the steam to generate rotational power.
- the gas turbine system 1G shares a part with another system 2.
- the configuration and application of another system 2 partially shared with the gas turbine system 1G are not limited to the above examples.
- the system 2 is a combined cycle system in which steam is used to generate power.
- the system 2 may be a cogeneration system that generates steam but does not generate electricity. Even in such a case, the same effects as those of the gas turbine system 1 described above can be obtained.
- the heat exchangers 71 and 72 are arranged downstream of the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 and upstream of the vaporizer 15 in the exhaust flow path 102 .
- the heat exchangers 71 and 72 may be arranged downstream of the vaporizer 15 in the exhaust flow path 102 .
- the heat energy required for vaporizing ammonia in vaporizer 15 is smaller than the heat energy required for heating water in flow path 109 in heat exchangers 71 and 72 . Therefore, by arranging the heat exchangers 71 and 72 upstream of the vaporizer 15 in the exhaust flow path 102, it is possible to sufficiently heat the water in the flow path 109 while vaporizing the ammonia. Properly realized.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1H according to an eighth modification. As shown in FIG. 10, a gas turbine system 1H according to the eighth modification differs from the above-described gas turbine system 1C in that a part of it is shared with another system 2 .
- the system 2 is a power generation system including a flow path 109, a heat exchanger 71, and a heat exchanger 72, similar to the gas turbine system 1G described above.
- the configurations of the flow path 109, the heat exchangers 71, and the heat exchangers 72 are the same as those of the gas turbine system 1G described above, so description thereof will be omitted.
- the heat exchanger 71 and the heat exchanger 72 are arranged downstream of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 in the exhaust passage 102. .
- the heat exchanger 71 is provided downstream of the heat exchanger 72 in the exhaust flow path 102 .
- the heat exchanger 71 is provided upstream of the heat exchanger 72 in the flow path 109 .
- the carburetor 15 is arranged downstream of the heat exchanger 71 and upstream of the heat exchanger 72 in the flow path 109 .
- the ammonia in the vaporizer 15 and the water flowing through the flow path 109 can be heat-exchanged in a state where the inside of the vaporizer 15 and the inside of the flow path 109 are not communicated with each other.
- the liquid ammonia sent to the vaporizer 15 is heated by the water flowing through the flow path 109 and vaporized.
- the gas turbine system 1H shares a part with another system 2. It should be noted that the configuration and application of another system 2 partially shared with the gas turbine system 1H are not limited to the above example, similarly to the gas turbine system 1G described above. Even in such a case, the same effects as those of the gas turbine system 1 described above can be obtained.
- an exhaust gas pipe is arranged near the carburetor 15 in order to cause the carburetor 15 to exchange heat with the exhaust gas.
- a water pipe is arranged near the vaporizer 15 in order to cause the vaporizer 15 to exchange heat with water.
- the water pipes are generally thinner than the exhaust gas pipes. Therefore, in the gas turbine system 1H, it is easier to arrange the piping near the carburetor 15 than in the gas turbine system 1G described above.
- the water flowing through the flow path 109 is used to heat the ammonia in the vaporizer 15.
- the water flowing through the flow path 109 is not used to heat the ammonia inside the vaporizer 15 . Therefore, in the gas turbine system 1G described above, the energy efficiency in the system 2 is improved as compared with the gas turbine system 1H.
- the rotational power generated by the supercharger 11 is used as energy for driving the generator 12 in the gas turbine systems 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H. bottom.
- the rotational power generated by the supercharger 11 is used for purposes other than driving a moving body such as a ship, for example. may be used for the purpose of
- the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is arranged downstream of the compressor 11a in the intake passage 101 in the gas turbine system 1A.
- the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 may be arranged in the intake passage 101 downstream of the compressor 11a.
- the first pump 21 is provided in the gas turbine systems 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H.
- the first pump 21 may not be provided.
- the first pump 21 may be replaced with a pressure regulating valve.
- the first gas storage device 51 is provided in the gas turbine systems 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H has been described above. However, in the gas turbine systems 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H, the first gas storage device 51 may not be provided.
- the second gas storage device 52 is provided in the gas turbine systems 1C, 1D, 1E, 1G, and 1H. However, in the gas turbine systems 1C, 1D, 1E, 1G, and 1H, the second gas storage device 52 may not be provided.
- the second pump 22 is provided in the gas turbine systems 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H has been described above. However, the second pump 22 may not be provided in the gas turbine systems 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H.
- the third pump 23 is provided in the gas turbine systems 1C, 1E, 1G, and 1H.
- the third pump 23 may not be provided in the gas turbine systems 1C, 1E, 1G, and 1H.
- the nitrogen discharge port 16c of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is connected to the denitrification device 61 in the gas turbine system 1E.
- the nitrogen discharge port 16c of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 may be connected to the denitration device 61.
- the nitrogen discharge port 16c of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 is connected to the turbine 11b in the gas turbine system 1F.
- the nitrogen discharge port 16c of the hydrogen generation separation device 16 may be connected to the turbine 11b.
- residual ammonia is also supplied to combustor 13 as fuel.
- hydrogen and residual ammonia may be supplied to combustor 13 separately, or hydrogen and residual ammonia may be mixed in advance and then supplied to combustor 13 .
- each channel was explained with reference to the drawings.
- the channel described above may branch into a plurality of pipes.
- the first gas reservoir 51 and the combustor 13 may be connected by a plurality of pipes
- the second gas reservoir 52 and the combustor 13 may be connected by a plurality of pipes.
- liquid ammonia stored in the ammonia tank 14 may be supplied to the combustor 13 without passing through the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 . Further, for example, the liquid ammonia stored in the ammonia tank 14 may be vaporized and then supplied to the combustor 13 without passing through the hydrogen generation/separation device 16 .
- a flow path branching from the flow path 103, bypassing the hydrogen generation/separation device 16, and being connected to the combustor 13 is added.
- a pump may be added to supply ammonia to combustor 13 without going through hydrogen generation separator 16 .
- a vaporizer may be added to supply gaseous ammonia to the combustor 13 without going through the hydrogen generation separator 16 .
- the present disclosure contributes to improving the efficiency of gas turbine systems, and thus contributes, for example, to Goal 7 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), "Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy.” can do.
- SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
- Gas turbine system 1A Gas turbine system 1B: Gas turbine system 1C: Gas turbine system 1D: Gas turbine system 1E: Gas turbine system 1F: Gas turbine system 1G: Gas turbine system 1H: Gas turbine system 11a: Compressor 11b : Turbine 13: Combustor 14: Ammonia tank 16: Hydrogen generation separator 16a: Ammonia supply port 16b: Hydrogen outlet 16c: Nitrogen outlet 16e: Ammonia decomposition catalyst 16f: Hydrogen separation membrane 21: First pump 22: Second Pump 23: Third pump 51: First gas reservoir 52: Second gas reservoir 61: Denitration device 101: Intake flow path 102: Exhaust flow path 103: Flow path 104: Flow path 106: Flow path
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
- 燃焼器と、
前記燃焼器と接続される吸気流路と、
前記燃焼器と接続される排気流路と、
前記吸気流路に設けられる圧縮機と、
前記排気流路に設けられるタービンと、
アンモニアタンクと、
前記アンモニアタンクと接続されるアンモニア供給口と、前記燃焼器と接続される水素排出口とを有し、前記排気流路のうち前記タービンより下流側、または、前記吸気流路のうち前記圧縮機より下流側に配置され、アンモニア分解触媒および水素分離膜を有する水素発生分離装置と、
を備える、
ガスタービンシステム。 - 前記水素発生分離装置の前記水素排出口は、第1ガス貯蔵器を介して前記燃焼器と接続される、
請求項1に記載のガスタービンシステム。 - 前記水素発生分離装置は、窒素排出口を有し、
前記水素発生分離装置の前記窒素排出口は、前記燃焼器と接続される、
請求項1または2に記載のガスタービンシステム。 - 前記水素発生分離装置の前記窒素排出口は、第2ガス貯蔵器を介して前記燃焼器と接続される、
請求項3に記載のガスタービンシステム。 - 前記アンモニアタンクと前記水素発生分離装置の前記アンモニア供給口とを接続する流路には、ポンプが設けられる、
請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のガスタービンシステム。 - 前記水素発生分離装置は、窒素排出口を有し、
前記排気流路のうち前記タービンより下流側には、脱硝装置が設けられ、
前記水素発生分離装置の前記窒素排出口は、前記脱硝装置と接続される、
請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のガスタービンシステム。 - 前記水素発生分離装置は、窒素排出口を有し、
前記水素発生分離装置の前記窒素排出口は、前記タービンと接続される、
請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のガスタービンシステム。
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CN202280032375.9A CN117242248A (zh) | 2021-07-14 | 2022-03-24 | 燃气轮机系统 |
AU2022312781A AU2022312781B2 (en) | 2021-07-14 | 2022-03-24 | Gas turbine system |
EP22841731.7A EP4372218A1 (en) | 2021-07-14 | 2022-03-24 | Gas turbine system |
KR1020237037810A KR20230162711A (ko) | 2021-07-14 | 2022-03-24 | 가스 터빈 시스템 |
US18/545,812 US20240117763A1 (en) | 2021-07-14 | 2023-12-19 | Gas turbine system |
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EP (1) | EP4372218A1 (ja) |
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JP2018076794A (ja) | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-17 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | ガスタービンプラント、及びその運転方法 |
JP2018188315A (ja) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-29 | 国立大学法人岐阜大学 | 水素生成装置 |
WO2019104375A1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-06 | Renam Properties Pty Ltd | Autonomous vehicle energy and service hub |
JP2021116151A (ja) | 2020-01-24 | 2021-08-10 | ユニ工業株式会社 | テープカッター |
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2022
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JP2018076794A (ja) | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-17 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | ガスタービンプラント、及びその運転方法 |
JP2018188315A (ja) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-29 | 国立大学法人岐阜大学 | 水素生成装置 |
WO2019104375A1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-06 | Renam Properties Pty Ltd | Autonomous vehicle energy and service hub |
JP2021116151A (ja) | 2020-01-24 | 2021-08-10 | ユニ工業株式会社 | テープカッター |
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