WO2022220002A1 - 燃焼装置およびガスタービンシステム - Google Patents
燃焼装置およびガスタービンシステム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022220002A1 WO2022220002A1 PCT/JP2022/011895 JP2022011895W WO2022220002A1 WO 2022220002 A1 WO2022220002 A1 WO 2022220002A1 JP 2022011895 W JP2022011895 W JP 2022011895W WO 2022220002 A1 WO2022220002 A1 WO 2022220002A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- gas turbine
- flow path
- autothermal
- combustor
- Prior art date
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 891
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 433
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 222
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 33
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/40—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the use of catalytic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/24—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being liquid at standard temperature and pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
Definitions
- a gas turbine system that obtains power by burning fuel in a combustor is used.
- a gas turbine system for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, there is a system that uses ammonia as a fuel. Emission of carbon dioxide is suppressed by using ammonia as a fuel.
- Ammonia is more difficult to burn than other fuels and has flame retardancy. Therefore, combustors in which ammonia is used as fuel may fail to ignite. Also, even if ignition is successful, there is a risk that some fuel will be discharged without being burned.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a combustion apparatus and a gas turbine system capable of improving combustibility in a combustor in which ammonia is used as fuel.
- the combustion apparatus of the present disclosure includes an ammonia tank, a combustor connected to the ammonia tank, an air supply source, an inlet connected to the ammonia tank and the air supply source, and an outlet connected to the combustor. and an ammonia autothermal decomposition device connected to.
- It may further include an intake flow path and an exhaust flow path connected to the combustor, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst provided in the intake flow path or the exhaust flow path and connected to the ammonia tank and the combustor.
- a mixer may be provided in the channel connecting the ammonia autothermal decomposition device and the combustor, and the mixer may be connected to the ammonia tank.
- a flow path connecting the ammonia autothermal decomposition device and the combustor is provided with a first heat exchanger, and a flow path connecting the ammonia tank and the ammonia autothermal decomposition device passes through the first heat exchanger.
- a first channel may be included.
- the flow path connecting the ammonia tank and the ammonia autothermal decomposition device may further include a second flow path that bypasses the first heat exchanger.
- the first flow path branches into a first branched path and a second branched path on the side of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device from the first heat exchanger, and the first branched path and the second branched path are the ammonia autothermal decomposition device. It may be connected to the inlet of the device respectively.
- the ammonia tank may be connected to the inlet of the ammonia autothermal cracker via an air supply source.
- the air supply source may be provided with a second heat exchanger, and the flow path connecting the ammonia tank and the ammonia autothermal decomposition device may pass through the second heat exchanger.
- the air supply source may be connected to the inlet of the ammonia autothermal cracker via an air tank.
- the gas turbine system of the present disclosure includes the above combustion device.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of processing related to startup of the gas turbine system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to a first modification.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of processing relating to startup of the gas turbine system according to the first modification.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to a second modification.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to a third modification.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of processing relating to startup of the gas turbine system according to the third modification.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to a fourth modification.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of the flow of processing relating to startup of the gas turbine system according to the fourth modification.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to a fifth modification.
- FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of processing relating to startup of the gas turbine system according to the fifth modification.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to a sixth modification.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to a seventh modification.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to an eighth modification.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1 according to this embodiment.
- the gas turbine system 1 includes a supercharger 11, a generator 12, a combustor 13, an ammonia tank 14, a pump 15, an air supply source 16, and an ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17. and a controller 18 .
- the combustion device 10 includes the combustor 13 , the ammonia tank 14 , the pump 15 , the air supply source 16 , the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 , and the control device 18 .
- the combustion device 10 also includes a first flow control valve 201, a second flow control valve 202, and an air flow control valve 301, which will be described later.
- the supercharger 11 has a compressor 11a and a turbine 11b. Compressor 11a and turbine 11b rotate as a unit. Compressor 11a and turbine 11b are connected by a shaft.
- the compressor 11 a is provided in an intake passage 101 connected to the combustor 13 . Air supplied to the combustor 13 flows through the intake passage 101 . An upstream end of the intake passage 101 is provided with an intake port (not shown) through which air is taken in from the outside. Air taken in from the intake port passes through the compressor 11 a and is sent to the combustor 13 .
- the compressor 11a compresses air and discharges it downstream.
- the turbine 11 b is provided in an exhaust flow path 102 connected to the combustor 13 . Exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 13 flows through the exhaust flow path 102 . An exhaust port (not shown) through which the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside is provided at the downstream end of the exhaust passage 102 . Exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 13 passes through the turbine 11b and is sent to the exhaust port. The turbine 11b generates rotational power by being rotated by the exhaust gas.
- the generator 12 is connected to the turbocharger 11.
- the generator 12 generates power using the rotational power generated by the supercharger 11 .
- ammonia is mainly used as fuel for combustion.
- the cracked gas supplied from the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 is also used as fuel when the gas turbine system 1 is started up.
- the combustor 13 has a combustion chamber (not shown).
- the combustion chamber of the combustor 13 is supplied with air compressed by the compressor 11 a through an intake passage 101 .
- Fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the combustor 13 .
- liquid ammonia is supplied as fuel from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustion chamber of the combustor 13 and sprayed.
- a mixture comprising fuel and air is produced.
- Exhaust gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber of combustor 13 is discharged to exhaust flow path 102 .
- Liquid ammonia is stored in the ammonia tank 14 .
- Ammonia tank 14 is connected to combustor 13 and ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, respectively. Thereby, ammonia can be supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to each of the combustor 13 and the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 .
- a channel 103 is connected to the ammonia tank 14 .
- a channel 104 and a channel 105 are connected to the downstream end of the channel 103 .
- Flow path 104 is connected to combustor 13 . That is, the ammonia tank 14 is connected to the combustor 13 via the flow paths 103 and 104 .
- Liquid ammonia is supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustion chamber of the combustor 13 via the flow paths 103 and 104 .
- the flow path 105 is connected to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 . That is, the ammonia tank 14 is connected to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 via the flow paths 103 and 105 .
- Liquid ammonia is supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 through the flow paths 103 and 105 .
- a pump 15 is provided in the channel 103 .
- the pump 15 sends ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the downstream side. Ammonia sent by pump 15 passes through channel 103 and is sent to channels 104 and 105 .
- a first flow control valve 201 is provided in the flow path 104 .
- the first flow control valve 201 controls the flow rate of ammonia flowing through the flow path 104 . That is, the first flow control valve 201 adjusts the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustor 13 . The amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustor 13 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the first flow control valve 201 .
- a second flow control valve 202 is provided in the flow path 105 .
- a second flow control valve 202 controls the flow rate of ammonia flowing through the flow path 105 . That is, the second flow control valve 202 adjusts the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 . The amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 is adjusted by adjusting the degree of opening of the second flow control valve 202 .
- the air supply source 16 is a supply source that supplies air.
- the air supply source 16 is, for example, a compressor that compresses and discharges outside air.
- the air supply source 16 is connected to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 via the flow path 106 . Air is supplied from the air supply source 16 to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 through the flow path 106 .
- Air flow control valve 301 is provided in the flow path 106 .
- Air flow control valve 301 controls the flow rate of air flowing through channel 106 . That is, the air flow control valve 301 adjusts the amount of air supplied from the air supply source 16 to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 . By adjusting the degree of opening of the air flow control valve 301, the amount of air supplied from the air supply source 16 to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 is adjusted.
- the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 burns part of the ammonia and decomposes the remaining ammonia with heat from the combustion.
- the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 is also called an autothermal reactor.
- the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 has a heater 17a and a catalyst 17b.
- the heater 17 a heats the inside of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 .
- the catalyst 17b promotes combustion and decomposition of ammonia.
- the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 is provided with a temperature sensor 401 that detects the temperature of the catalyst 17b.
- An ammonia tank 14 is connected to an inlet 17 c 1 of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 via a flow path 105 .
- An air supply source 16 is connected through a flow path 106 to an inlet 17c2 of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 .
- a combustor 13 is connected to an outlet 17 d of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 via a flow path 107 .
- Ammonia is supplied into the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 through an inlet 17c1.
- the inlet 17c1 is provided with a nozzle for spraying liquid ammonia.
- Ammonia is sprayed into the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 from the nozzle.
- Air is supplied into the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 through an inlet 17c2.
- the ammonia and air supplied into the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 are heated by the heater 17a.
- the ammonia is thereby vaporized. Part of the ammonia is then burned in the catalyst 17b.
- the heat generated at this time decomposes the remaining ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen.
- the decomposition gas generated by the decomposition of ammonia contains hydrogen and nitrogen.
- Cracked gas generated in the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 is discharged from an outlet 17 d of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 .
- the cracked gas discharged from the outlet 17 d is sent to the combustion chamber of the combustor 13 through the flow path 107 .
- the cracked gas may contain undecomposed ammonia or the like.
- the control device 18 includes a central processing unit (CPU), a ROM storing programs and the like, a RAM as a work area, and the like, and controls the gas turbine system 1 as a whole. For example, controller 18 controls pump 15 , heater 17 a , first flow control valve 201 , second flow control valve 202 and air flow control valve 301 . Also, the control device 18 acquires the detection result from the temperature sensor 401 .
- CPU central processing unit
- ROM read only memory
- RAM random access memory
- the control device 18 acquires the detection result from the temperature sensor 401 .
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of processing relating to startup of the gas turbine system 1.
- FIG. 2 The processing flow shown in FIG. 2 is performed by the control device 18 .
- the processing flow shown in FIG. 2 is executed when the conditions for starting the gas turbine system 1 are satisfied.
- the activation condition is, for example, that the user has performed an input operation to activate the gas turbine system 1 .
- the control device 18 activates the heater 17a of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 in step S101.
- step S ⁇ b>102 the control device 18 starts supplying air to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 .
- the controller 18 opens the closed air flow control valve 301 .
- step S ⁇ b>103 the control device 18 starts supplying ammonia to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 .
- the control device 18 drives the pump 15 to open the closed second flow control valve 202 .
- cracked gas is generated in the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17.
- the generated cracked gas is sent to the combustor 13 .
- the combustor 13 is ignited by an ignition device (not shown).
- ignition device not shown.
- cracked gas is used as fuel for ignition.
- the hydrogen contained in the cracked gas is easily ignited because it is combustible. Therefore, ignition failure is suppressed, and reliability of ignition is improved.
- step S104 the control device 18 determines whether or not the amount of heat input to the combustor 13 has exceeded the reference amount of heat.
- the amount of heat input to the combustor 13 is the amount of heat generated by burning the fuel input to the combustor 13 .
- the control device 18 can estimate the amount of heat input to the combustor 13 based on the amount of fuel supplied to the combustor 13, for example.
- the reference amount of heat is set to a value such that even if the supply of ammonia to the combustor 13 is started, the combustibility in the combustor 13 is maintained at a predetermined level or higher.
- the predetermined level is a level at which the occurrence of a situation in which some ammonia does not burn is suppressed.
- step S104 When it is determined that the amount of heat input to the combustor 13 exceeds the reference amount of heat (YES in step S104), the control device 18 controls the combustibility of the combustor 13 even if the supply of ammonia to the combustor 13 is started. is maintained at a predetermined level or higher, and the process proceeds to step S105. On the other hand, when it is determined that the amount of heat input to the combustor 13 does not exceed the reference amount of heat (NO in step S104), the control device 18 starts supplying ammonia to the combustor 13. It is determined that the combustibility falls below the predetermined level, and step S104 is repeated.
- step S105 the control device 18 permits the supply of ammonia from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustor 13, and the processing flow shown in FIG. 2 ends. Specifically, in step S105, the control device 18 starts supplying ammonia from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustor 13 when the required output of the gas turbine system 1 is greater than or equal to the reference output. In this case, the controller 18 opens the closed first flow control valve 201 . Thereby, combustion using ammonia as fuel is started. In addition, when the required output of the gas turbine system 1 is smaller than the reference output, the supply of ammonia from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustor 13 becomes unnecessary.
- cracked gas is supplied to the combustor 13, and combustion using ammonia as fuel is started in a state where combustibility is maintained at a predetermined level or higher. That is, the cracked gas is used as fuel for auxiliary combustion. This suppresses the occurrence of a situation in which some ammonia does not burn.
- the control device 18 may continue or stop the supply of cracked gas to the combustor 13 .
- the control device 18 stops the heater 17 a and stops the supply of air and ammonia to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 .
- the controller 18 stops the heater 17a when the endothermic reaction and exothermic reaction in the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 are balanced and the state in the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 reaches a state close to thermal equilibrium.
- a reaction in which ammonia is decomposed corresponds to an endothermic reaction.
- a reaction in which ammonia burns corresponds to an exothermic reaction.
- the control device 18 may determine that the state inside the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 has reached a state close to thermal equilibrium, and stop the heater 17a.
- the inlets 17c1 and 17c2 of the ammonia autothermal cracker 17 are connected to the ammonia tank 14 and the air supply source 16.
- An outlet 17 d of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 is connected to the combustor 13 . Accordingly, when the gas turbine system 1 is started, ammonia and air are supplied to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 to cause the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 to generate cracked gas, and the cracked gas is used to ignite in the combustor 13 . It can be performed. Therefore, failure of ignition can be suppressed, and reliability of ignition can be improved. After ignition, the cracked gas can also be used as a fuel for supporting combustion. Therefore, combustibility in the combustor 13 can be improved.
- cracked gas is generated using the ammonia autothermal cracker 17, so the gas turbine system 1 can be started up more quickly than when cracked gas is generated by other methods. can be done.
- another method for example, as will be described later with reference to FIG. 3 or FIG. There is a way. If the cracked gas generated by this method is supplied to the combustor 13 when the gas turbine system 1 is started, it is necessary to heat the ammonia cracking catalyst 19 to a temperature at which ammonia cracks actively. There is As a result, it takes time before the generation of cracked gas starts.
- ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 ammonia is decomposed using heat generated by combustion of part of the ammonia. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the time it takes to start generating the cracked gas, so that the gas turbine system 1 can be quickly started.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1A according to a first modified example. As shown in FIG. 3, the gas turbine system 1A according to the first modification differs from the gas turbine system 1 described above in that an ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is further provided.
- the gas turbine system 1A includes a combustor 13, an ammonia tank 14, a pump 15, an air supply source 16, an ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, a control device 18, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst. 19, a first flow control valve 201, a second flow control valve 202, and an air flow control valve 301 are included in the combustion device 10A.
- a third flow control valve 203 which will be described later, is also included in the combustion device 10A.
- the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is a catalyst that decomposes ammonia and generates decomposition gas. Ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 decomposes ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen. That is, the cracked gas contains hydrogen and nitrogen. In addition to hydrogen and nitrogen, the cracked gas may contain ammonia that has not been cracked.
- the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is connected to the ammonia tank 14 via the flow paths 103 and 108 .
- the channel 108 is connected to the downstream end of the channel 103 .
- Liquid ammonia is supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 through the flow paths 103 and 108 .
- a third flow control valve 203 is provided in the flow path 108 .
- the third flow control valve 203 controls the flow rate of ammonia flowing through the channel 108 . That is, the third flow control valve 203 adjusts the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 .
- the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the third flow control valve 203 .
- the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is connected to the combustor 13 via the flow path 109. Cracked gas generated in the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is sent to the combustion chamber of the combustor 13 through the flow path 109 .
- Decomposition of ammonia by the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is actively performed when the temperature of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is equal to or higher than the reference temperature (for example, about 400°C to 500°C). That is, when the temperature of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 becomes equal to or higher than the reference temperature, the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 actively decomposes ammonia.
- the reference temperature for example, about 400°C to 500°C
- the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is provided in the intake passage 101 . Specifically, the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is provided downstream of the compressor 11 a in the intake passage 101 . Heat can be exchanged between the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 and the air in the intake passage 101 while the internal space of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 and the intake passage 101 are not in communication.
- the air circulating downstream from the compressor 11a in the intake passage 101 is the air compressed by the compressor 11a, and thus has a high temperature (for example, 400° C. or higher). Therefore, during the operation of the gas turbine system 1A, the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is heated by the air flowing through the intake passage 101 to a temperature at which ammonia is actively decomposed.
- a temperature sensor 402 is provided on the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 .
- a temperature sensor 402 detects the temperature of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 .
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of processing relating to startup of the gas turbine system 1A.
- the processing flow shown in FIG. 4 is performed by the control device 18 .
- the processing flow shown in FIG. 4 is executed, like the processing flow shown in FIG. 2, when the conditions for starting the gas turbine system 1A are satisfied.
- the processing flow shown in FIG. 4 differs from the processing flow shown in FIG. 2 in that steps S201, S202, S203, S204, and S205 are added after step S103 and before step S104. .
- step S201 the control device 18 determines whether the temperature of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 has reached the reference temperature. If it is determined that the temperature of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 has reached the reference temperature (YES in step S201), the process proceeds to step S202. On the other hand, if it is determined that the temperature of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 has not reached the reference temperature (NO in step S201), the process proceeds to step S104 without performing steps S202, S203, S204, and S205.
- step S201 the control device 18 starts supplying ammonia to the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 in step S202. Specifically, the controller 18 opens the closed third flow control valve 203 . As a result, ammonia is decomposed in the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 to generate cracked gas. The generated cracked gas is sent to the combustor 13 .
- step S203 the control device 18 stops the heater 17a of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17.
- step S ⁇ b>204 the control device 18 stops supplying air to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 . Specifically, the controller 18 closes the air flow control valve 301 .
- step S ⁇ b>205 the control device 18 stops supplying ammonia to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 . Specifically, the controller 18 closes the second flow control valve 202 .
- step S104 determines whether or not the amount of heat input to the combustor 13 has exceeded the reference amount of heat. If it is determined YES in step S104, the process proceeds to step S105 as in the processing flow shown in FIG. On the other hand, if NO is determined in step S104, the process returns to step S201.
- the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is provided in addition to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17.
- the method of generating the cracked gas supplied to the combustor 13 can be switched from the method using the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 to the method using the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19.
- the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 is used to generate cracked gas.
- the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is used to generate cracked gas.
- the heat of the air flowing through the intake passage 101 can be effectively used to generate cracked gas. Therefore, the energy consumed for supplying air to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 and the energy consumed for driving the heater 17a can be suppressed.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1B according to a second modified example. As shown in FIG. 2, in the gas turbine system 1B according to the second modification, the arrangement of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is different from that of the gas turbine system 1A described above.
- the gas turbine system 1B includes a combustor 13, an ammonia tank 14, a pump 15, an air supply source 16, an ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, a control device 18, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst. 19, a first flow control valve 201, a second flow control valve 202, a third flow control valve 203, and an air flow control valve 301 are included in the combustion device 10B.
- ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is connected to the ammonia tank 14 via the flow paths 103 and 108.
- Ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is connected to combustor 13 via flow path 109 .
- the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is provided in the exhaust flow path 102. Specifically, the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is provided in the exhaust passage 102 downstream of the turbine 11b. Heat can be exchanged between the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 and the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage 102 while the internal space of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 and the exhaust passage 102 are not in communication.
- the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 102 is at a high temperature (for example, 550° C. or higher). Therefore, during the operation of the gas turbine system 1B, the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is heated by the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 102 to a temperature at which ammonia is actively decomposed.
- the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is provided in addition to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, like the gas turbine system 1A described above.
- the method of generating the cracked gas supplied to the combustor 13 can be switched from the method using the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 to the method using the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19. Therefore, after the temperature of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 reaches the reference temperature, the heat of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 102 can be effectively used to generate decomposition gas. Therefore, the energy consumed for supplying air to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 and the energy consumed for driving the heater 17a can be suppressed.
- processing for starting the gas turbine system 1B is the same as the above-described processing for starting the gas turbine system 1A, so a description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1C according to a third modified example. As shown in FIG. 6, the gas turbine system 1C according to the third modification differs from the gas turbine system 1 described above in that a mixer 20 is further provided.
- the combustor 13, the ammonia tank 14, the pump 15, the air supply source 16, the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, the controller 18, and the mixer 20 , a first flow control valve 201, a second flow control valve 202, and an air flow control valve 301 are included in the combustion device 10C.
- a fourth flow control valve 204, which will be described later, is also included in the combustion device 10C.
- Mixer 20 is provided in channel 107 that connects ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 and combustor 13 .
- the internal space of mixer 20 communicates with channel 107 .
- Mixer 20 is connected to ammonia tank 14 via flow path 103 and flow path 110 .
- the channel 110 is connected to the downstream end of the channel 103 .
- Liquid ammonia is supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the mixer 20 via the flow paths 103 and 110 .
- a fourth flow control valve 204 is provided in the flow path 110 .
- a fourth flow control valve 204 controls the flow rate of ammonia flowing through the flow path 110 . That is, the fourth flow control valve 204 adjusts the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the mixer 20 . The amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the mixer 20 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the fourth flow control valve 204 .
- Ammonia sent from the ammonia tank 14 to the mixer 20 is sprayed into the mixer 20 . Then, in the mixer 20, the cracked gas flowing through the flow path 107 and the ammonia sprayed in the mixer 20 are mixed.
- the cracked gas flowing through the flow path 107 is at a high temperature (for example, about 500°C). Therefore, the ammonia sprayed into the mixer 20 is vaporized. Vaporized ammonia is sent to the combustor 13 through the flow path 107 together with the cracked gas.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of processing relating to startup of the gas turbine system 1C.
- the processing flow shown in FIG. 7 is performed by the control device 18 .
- the processing flow shown in FIG. 7 is executed, like the processing flow shown in FIG. 2, when the conditions for starting the gas turbine system 1C are satisfied.
- the processing flow shown in FIG. 7 differs from the processing flow shown in FIG. 2 in that steps S301 and S302 are added after step S104 and before step S105.
- step S104 when it is determined in step S104 that the amount of heat supplied to the combustor 13 has exceeded the reference amount of heat (YES in step S104), the process proceeds to step S301.
- step S ⁇ b>301 the control device 18 permits the supply of ammonia from the ammonia tank 14 to the mixer 20 .
- step S301 the control device 18 starts supplying ammonia from the ammonia tank 14 to the mixer 20 when the required output of the gas turbine system 1 is greater than or equal to the reference output.
- the controller 18 opens the closed fourth flow control valve 204 . Ammonia is thereby sent from the mixer 20 to the combustor 13 along with the cracked gas. Therefore, combustion using ammonia as fuel is started.
- the supply of ammonia from the ammonia tank 14 to the mixer 20 becomes unnecessary.
- the ammonia sent from the mixer 20 to the combustor 13 is heated by the cracked gas and vaporized. Therefore, evaporation of ammonia in the combustor 13 that occurs when liquid ammonia is directly supplied to the combustor 13 is suppressed, and local temperature drop due to evaporation of ammonia is suppressed. Therefore, emissions of unburned ammonia and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) are suppressed.
- step S302 the control device 18 determines whether or not the amount of heat input to the combustor 13 has exceeded the heat amount threshold.
- the calorie threshold is used to determine that the input calorie is large enough to suppress the discharge of unburned ammonia and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) even if the supply of liquid ammonia to the combustor 13 is started. is an indicator of
- step S302 When it is determined that the amount of heat input to the combustor 13 has exceeded the heat amount threshold (YES in step S302), the control device 18 controls the amount of unburned ammonia, Then, it is determined that the input heat amount is large enough to suppress the discharge of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and the process proceeds to step S105.
- step S105 the control device 18 permits the supply of liquid ammonia from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustor 13, and the processing flow shown in FIG. 7 ends.
- step S302 when it is determined that the amount of heat input to the combustor 13 does not exceed the heat amount threshold (NO in step S302), the control device 18 starts supplying liquid ammonia to the combustor 13, and the unburned It is determined that ammonia and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) will be generated to some extent, and step S302 is repeated.
- mixer 20 is provided in flow path 107 connecting ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 and combustor 13 , and mixer 20 is connected to ammonia tank 14 .
- the liquid ammonia can be heated and vaporized by the cracked gas. Therefore, vaporized ammonia can be sent from the mixer 20 to the combustor 13 before the amount of heat input to the combustor 13 reaches the heat amount threshold. Therefore, the evaporation of ammonia within the combustor 13 is suppressed, and the discharge of unburned ammonia and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is suppressed.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1D according to a fourth modification. As shown in FIG. 8, a gas turbine system 1D according to the fourth modification differs from the gas turbine system 1 described above in that a first heat exchanger 21 is further provided.
- the gas turbine system 1D includes a combustor 13, an ammonia tank 14, a pump 15, an air supply source 16, an ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, a controller 18, a first heat An exchanger 21, a first flow control valve 201, a second flow control valve 202, and an air flow control valve 301 are included in the combustion device 10D.
- a fifth flow control valve 205 which will be described later, is also included in the combustion device 10D.
- a flow path 111 is provided in addition to the flow path 105 as a flow path connecting the ammonia tank 14 and the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17.
- channel 111 is connected to the downstream end of channel 103 .
- the flow path 111 is connected to the inlet 17c3 of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17.
- ammonia can be supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the inlet 17 c 3 of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 through the flow paths 103 and 111 .
- the channel 111 is also called the first channel 111 .
- the channel 105 is also called a second channel 105 .
- a fifth flow control valve 205 is provided in the first flow path 111 .
- the fifth flow control valve 205 controls the flow rate of ammonia flowing through the first flow path 111 . That is, the fifth flow control valve 205 adjusts the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 through the first flow path 111 to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 . By adjusting the opening degree of the fifth flow control valve 205, the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 through the first flow path 111 to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 is adjusted.
- the first flow path 111 passes through the first heat exchanger 21 .
- the downstream side of the fifth flow control valve 205 in the first flow path 111 passes through the first heat exchanger 21 .
- the first heat exchanger 21 is provided in a flow path 107 that connects the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 and the combustor 13 . That is, heat exchange is possible between the ammonia in the first flow path 111 and the cracked gas in the flow path 107 .
- the liquid ammonia flowing through the first flow path 111 is heated by the cracked gas in the first heat exchanger 21 and vaporized. Then, the vaporized ammonia is sent to the inlet 17c3 of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 through the first flow path 111.
- the inlet 17c3 is provided with a nozzle for injecting gaseous ammonia. Ammonia is injected into the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 from the nozzle.
- the second flow path 105 bypasses the first heat exchanger 21 . That is, the second flow path 105 does not pass through the first heat exchanger 21 . Therefore, liquid ammonia is sent to the inlet 17c1 of the ammonia autothermal cracker 17 through the second flow path 105. As shown in FIG.
- the inlet 17c1 is provided with a nozzle for spraying liquid ammonia as described above. Ammonia is sprayed into the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 from the nozzle.
- a temperature sensor 403 is provided downstream of the first heat exchanger 21 in the flow path 107 .
- the temperature sensor 403 detects the temperature of the cracked gas downstream of the first heat exchanger 21 in the flow path 107 .
- the temperature sensor 403 is arranged near the first heat exchanger 21, for example.
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of processing relating to startup of the gas turbine system 1D.
- the processing flow shown in FIG. 9 is performed by the control device 18 .
- the processing flow shown in FIG. 9 is executed, like the processing flow shown in FIG. 2, when the conditions for starting the gas turbine system 1D are satisfied.
- step S103 is omitted, and steps S401, S402, and S403 are added after step S102 and before step S104. is different.
- step S401 the control device 18 starts supplying ammonia to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 using the second flow path 105. Specifically, the control device 18 drives the pump 15 to open the closed second flow control valve 202 . Thereby, liquid ammonia is sent to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 through the second flow path 105 and supplied into the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 from the inlet 17c1 of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 . Therefore, cracked gas is generated in the ammonia autothermal cracker 17 . The generated cracked gas is sent to the combustor 13 .
- step S402 the control device 18 determines whether the temperature of the cracked gas passing through the first heat exchanger 21 has exceeded the temperature threshold.
- the temperature threshold is an index for determining whether the temperature of the cracked gas is high enough to vaporize ammonia in the first heat exchanger 21 .
- the detection result of the temperature sensor 403 is used as the temperature of the cracked gas passing through the first heat exchanger 21, for example.
- step S402 When it is determined that the temperature of the cracked gas passing through the first heat exchanger 21 exceeds the temperature threshold (YES in step S402), the controller 18 decomposes ammonia in the first heat exchanger 21 to an extent that it can be vaporized. It is determined that the temperature of the gas is high, and the process proceeds to step S403. On the other hand, if it is determined that the temperature of the cracked gas passing through the first heat exchanger 21 does not exceed the temperature threshold (NO in step S402), the process proceeds to step S104 without performing step S403.
- step S402 the control device 18 switches the ammonia supply route to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 to the first flow path 111 in step S403. Specifically, the control device 18 closes the second flow control valve 202 and opens the closed fifth flow control valve 205 . As a result, liquid ammonia is sent from the ammonia tank 14 to the first flow path 111 and heated by the cracked gas in the first heat exchanger 21 to be vaporized. Then, the vaporized ammonia is sent to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 through the first flow path 111 and supplied into the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 from the inlet 17c3.
- step S104 the control device 18 determines whether or not the amount of heat input to the combustor 13 has exceeded the reference amount of heat. If it is determined YES in step S104, the process proceeds to step S105 as in the processing flow shown in FIG. On the other hand, if NO is determined in step S104, the process returns to step S402.
- the first heat exchanger 21 is provided in the flow path 107 connecting the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 and the combustor 13, and the first flow path 111 serves as the first heat exchanger. passes through vessel 21; Thereby, in the first heat exchanger 21, the liquid ammonia can be heated and vaporized by the cracked gas. Therefore, after the temperature of the cracked gas passing through the first heat exchanger 21 exceeds the temperature threshold, the vaporized ammonia can be supplied to the ammonia autothermal cracker 17 via the first flow path 111 . Therefore, in the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, ammonia can be burned and decomposed without vaporizing the ammonia. Therefore, in the reaction in the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, the energy efficiency is improved by the amount that the heat of vaporization of ammonia is unnecessary.
- the second flow path 105 may be omitted from the configuration of the gas turbine system 1D.
- there are two situations a situation in which liquid ammonia passes through the inlet 17c3 of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 and a situation in which gaseous ammonia passes. Therefore, both when the inlet 17c3 is provided with a liquid spray nozzle and when the inlet 17c3 is provided with a gas injection nozzle, the pressure loss in the first flow path 111 increases.
- a second flow path 105 that bypasses the first heat exchanger 21 is further provided.
- ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 when liquid ammonia is supplied to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, the ammonia is supplied into the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 from the liquid spray nozzle provided at the inlet 17c1.
- gaseous ammonia is supplied to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17
- ammonia is supplied into the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 from a gas injection nozzle provided at the inlet 17c3. Therefore, an increase in pressure loss in the first flow path 111 is suppressed.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1E according to a fifth modified example. As shown in FIG. 10, in the gas turbine system 1E according to the fifth modification, the second flow path 105 is omitted and the first flow path 111 is branched compared to the gas turbine system 1D described above. Points are different.
- the gas turbine system 1E includes a combustor 13, an ammonia tank 14, a pump 15, an air supply source 16, an ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, a control device 18, a first heat
- the exchanger 21, the first flow control valve 201, the fifth flow control valve 205, and the air flow control valve 301 are included in the combustion device 10E.
- a switching valve 22, which will be described later, is also included in the combustion device 10E.
- the first flow path 111 branches into a first branch 111a and a second branch 111b on the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 side of the first heat exchanger 21.
- the first branch 111 a is connected to the inlet 17 c 1 of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 .
- the second branch 111 b is connected to the inlet 17 c 3 of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 .
- Ammonia sent from the ammonia tank 14 to the first flow path 111 is sent to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 through the first branched path 111a or the second branched path 111b.
- the first flow path 111 is provided with a switching valve 22 that switches the ammonia supply path between the first branched path 111a and the second branched path 111b.
- the switching valve 22 is provided at a branching portion between the first branched passage 111a and the second branched passage 111b.
- the switching valve 22 is controlled by the controller 18 .
- a pressure sensor 404 is provided on the upstream side of the switching valve 22 in the first flow path 111 .
- the pressure sensor 404 detects pressure on the upstream side of the switching valve 22 in the first flow path 111 .
- a pressure sensor 405 is provided in the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 .
- a pressure sensor 405 detects the pressure inside the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 .
- FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of processing relating to startup of the gas turbine system 1E.
- the processing flow shown in FIG. 11 is performed by the control device 18 .
- the processing flow shown in FIG. 11 is executed, like the processing flow shown in FIG. 2, when the conditions for starting the gas turbine system 1E are satisfied.
- step S103 is omitted, and steps S501, S502, and S503 are added after step S102 and before step S104. is different.
- step S501 the control device 18 starts supplying ammonia to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 using the first branch 111a.
- the control device 18 controls the switching valve 22 so that the ammonia sent to the first flow path 111 passes through the first branched path 111a.
- the controller 18 drives the pump 15 to open the closed fifth flow control valve 205 . Thereby, liquid ammonia is sent to the first channel 111 .
- ammonia is not decomposed in the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 , so ammonia passing through the first flow path 111 is not heated in the first heat exchanger 21 .
- ammonia passing through the first flow path 111 in the first heat exchanger 21 is not heated to the extent that it is vaporized within a certain period of time. .
- the liquid ammonia is sent to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 through the first branch passage 111a and supplied into the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 from the inlet 17c1 of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17. Therefore, cracked gas is generated in the ammonia autothermal cracker 17 . The generated cracked gas is sent to the combustor 13 .
- step S502 the control device 18 determines whether or not the pressure loss in the first flow path 111 has exceeded a reference value.
- the control device 18 estimates the pressure loss in the first flow path 111, for example, based on the difference between the pressure in the first flow path 111 on the upstream side of the switching valve 22 and the pressure in the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17. be able to. Note that the pressure in the combustor 13 or the like may be used instead of the pressure in the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 for estimating the pressure loss in the first flow path 111 .
- the reference value is an index for determining whether the temperature of the cracked gas is high enough to vaporize ammonia in the first heat exchanger 21 .
- the control device 18 can determine that the temperature of the cracked gas is high enough to vaporize ammonia in the first heat exchanger 21 .
- step S502 When it is determined that the pressure loss in the first flow path 111 exceeds the reference value (YES in step S502), the control device 18 determines that the temperature of the cracked gas is high enough to vaporize ammonia in the first heat exchanger 21. It judges that it is high, and progresses to step S503. On the other hand, if it is determined that the pressure loss in the first flow path 111 does not exceed the reference value (NO in step S502), the process proceeds to step S104 without performing step S503.
- step S503 the control device 18 switches the ammonia supply route to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 to the second branch passage 111b. Specifically, the control device 18 controls the switching valve 22 so that the ammonia sent to the first channel 111 passes through the second branch channel 111b. At this time, the ammonia passing through the first flow path 111 is heated by the cracked gas in the first heat exchanger 21 and vaporized. Then, the vaporized ammonia is sent to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 through the second branch passage 111b and supplied into the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 from the inlet 17c3.
- step S503 the process proceeds to step S104, and the control device 18 determines whether or not the amount of heat input to the combustor 13 has exceeded the reference amount of heat. If it is determined YES in step S104, the process proceeds to step S105 as in the processing flow shown in FIG. On the other hand, if NO is determined in step S104, the process returns to step S502.
- the first heat exchanger 21 is provided in the passage 107 connecting the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 and the combustor 13, and the first passage 111 serves as the first heat exchanger. passes through vessel 21; Accordingly, as in the gas turbine system 1D described above, by supplying vaporized ammonia to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 through the first flow path 111, the reaction in the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 causes ammonia to The energy efficiency can be improved by the amount that the heat of vaporization is unnecessary.
- the first flow path 111 branches into a first branched path 111a and a second branched path 111b. They are connected to inlets 17c1 and 17c3, respectively. Therefore, when liquid ammonia is supplied to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, the ammonia is supplied into the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 from the liquid spray nozzle provided at the inlet 17c1. When gaseous ammonia is supplied to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, ammonia is supplied into the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 from a gas injection nozzle provided at the inlet 17c3. Therefore, an increase in pressure loss in the first flow path 111 is suppressed.
- switching of the ammonia supply path in the first flow path 111 may be performed by a mechanism other than the switching valve 22 .
- an on-off valve capable of opening and closing the flow path may be provided in each of the first branched path 111a and the second branched path 111b.
- the ammonia supply path in the first flow path 111 is switched to the first branch 111a.
- the ammonia supply path in the first flow path 111 is switched to the second branch 111b.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1F according to a sixth modification. As shown in FIG. 12, in the gas turbine system 1F according to the sixth modification, compared with the gas turbine system 1 described above, the ammonia tank 14, the air supply source 16, and the ammonia autothermal cracking device 17 are provided. Connection relationship is different.
- the combustor 13 the ammonia tank 14, the pump 15, the air supply source 16, the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, the controller 18, the first flow rate A control valve 201 and an air flow control valve 301 are included in the combustion device 10F.
- the ammonia tank 14 is connected to the inlet 17c2 of the ammonia autothermal cracker 17 via the air supply source 16.
- ammonia tank 14 is connected to air supply source 16 via flow path 103 and flow path 112 .
- the channel 112 is connected to the downstream end of the channel 103 .
- Liquid ammonia is supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the air supply source 16 via the flow path 103 and the flow path 112 .
- Ammonia supplied to the air supply source 16 is sent to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 together with air through the flow path 106 .
- the ammonia tank 14 is connected via the air supply source 16 to the inlet 17c2 of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17.
- the air supply 16 is thereby cooled by the ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 .
- a plurality of compressors arranged in multiple stages may be used as the air supply source 16 .
- the air sequentially circulates through a plurality of compressors arranged in series. Compression power in each compressor can be reduced by arranging a plurality of compressors in multiple stages.
- Ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 cools, for example, the intermediate stage compressor. Since the ammonia sent to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 is heated by the air supply source 16, the heater 17a may be unnecessary.
- the processing related to starting the gas turbine system 1F is almost the same as the processing related to starting the gas turbine system 1 described above, so the description is omitted.
- the gas turbine system 1F when the gas turbine system 1F is started, it differs from the gas turbine system 1 described above in that ammonia is supplied to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 by the air flow control valve 301 .
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1G according to a seventh modification. As shown in FIG. 13, the gas turbine system 1G according to the seventh modification differs from the gas turbine system 1 described above in that a second heat exchanger 23 is further provided.
- the gas turbine system 1G includes a combustor 13, an ammonia tank 14, a pump 15, an air supply source 16, an ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, a control device 18, a second heat An exchanger 23, a first flow control valve 201, a second flow control valve 202, and an air flow control valve 301 are included in the combustion device 10F.
- a second heat exchanger 23 is provided in the air supply source 16 .
- a flow path 105 connecting the ammonia tank 14 and the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 passes through the second heat exchanger 23 .
- Heat can be exchanged between the ammonia in the flow path 105 and the air supply source 16 in a state where the flow path 105 and the internal space of the air supply source 16 are not communicated with each other.
- the air supply source 16 is cooled by the ammonia flowing through the flow path 105 in the second heat exchanger 23 .
- the intermediate stage compressor is cooled in the second heat exchanger 23 . Since the ammonia sent to the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 is heated by the air supply source 16, the heater 17a may be unnecessary.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1H according to an eighth modified example. As shown in FIG. 14, the gas turbine system 1H according to the eighth modification differs from the gas turbine system 1 described above in that an air tank 24 is further provided.
- the gas turbine system 1H includes a combustor 13, an ammonia tank 14, a pump 15, an air supply source 16, an ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17, a control device 18, and an air tank 24. , a first flow control valve 201, a second flow control valve 202, and an air flow control valve 301 are included in the combustion device 10H.
- the air tank 24 stores air.
- the air tank 24 is provided downstream of the air supply source 16 and upstream of the air flow control valve 301 in the flow path 106 . That is, the air supply source 16 is connected to the inlet 17c2 of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 via the air tank 24.
- air can be stored in the air tank 24 by driving the air supply source 16 during operation of the gas turbine system 1H. Therefore, when starting up the gas turbine system 1H, even if the power for driving the air supply source 16 is insufficient due to a power failure or the like, the air stored in the air tank 24 is used to power the gas turbine system 1H. 1H can be activated.
- the rotational power generated by the supercharger 11 is used as energy for driving the generator 12 in the gas turbine systems 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H. did.
- the rotational power generated by the supercharger 11 may be used for other purposes (for example, for driving a moving object such as a ship). etc.).
- combustion devices 10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H are used in the gas turbine system.
- the combustion devices 10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H are devices other than gas turbine systems (for example, industrial systems that use energy recovered from exhaust heat or the like for combustion in combustors). furnace, etc.).
- liquid ammonia is supplied to the combustor 13 and the ammonia autothermal cracker 17 in the gas turbine systems 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1F, 1G, and 1H has been described above.
- gaseous ammonia may be supplied to the combustor 13 and the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17.
- a vaporizer may be provided downstream from the pump 15 , and the ammonia may be vaporized by the vaporizer and then supplied to the combustor 13 or the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 .
- an accumulator may be provided downstream of the vaporizer.
- the vaporizer and the accumulator may be provided in the flow path 103 or may be provided in each flow path connected to the downstream end of the flow path 103 .
- ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 is additionally provided in the intake passage 101 or the exhaust passage 102 with respect to the gas turbine system 1 have been described above.
- the ammonia decomposition catalyst 19 may be additionally provided in the intake passage 101 or the exhaust passage 102 for the gas turbine systems 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H.
- the gas turbine system 1C in which the mixer 20 connected to the ammonia tank 14 is additionally provided with respect to the gas turbine system 1, has been described.
- a mixer 20 connected to the ammonia tank 14 may be additionally provided for the gas turbine systems 1A, 1B, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H.
- the first heat exchanger 21 is additionally provided to the gas turbine system 1, and at least the first flow path 111 is provided as a flow path connecting the ammonia tank 14 and the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17.
- a gas turbine system 1D, 1E has been described.
- the gas turbine systems 1A, 1B, 1C, 1F, 1G, and 1H are additionally provided with a first heat exchanger 21 as a flow path connecting the ammonia tank 14 and the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17.
- At least the first channel 111 may be provided.
- the gas turbine system 1F in which the ammonia tank 14 is connected to the inlet 17c2 of the ammonia autothermal cracker 17 via the air supply source 16 has been described above. However, for the gas turbine systems 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1H, the ammonia tank 14 may be connected to the inlet 17c2 of the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 via the air supply source 16. .
- the gas turbine system 1 is additionally provided with the second heat exchanger 23 , and the flow path connecting the ammonia tank 14 and the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 passes through the second heat exchanger 23 .
- a gas turbine system 1G has been described.
- a second heat exchanger 23 is additionally provided for the gas turbine systems 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1H, and a flow path connecting the ammonia tank 14 and the ammonia autothermal decomposition device 17 is provided. It may pass through the second heat exchanger 23 .
- the gas turbine system 1H in which the air tank 24 is additionally provided to the gas turbine system 1 has been described above.
- the air tank 24 may be additionally provided for the gas turbine systems 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, and 1G.
- Gas turbine system 1A Gas turbine system 1B: Gas turbine system 1C: Gas turbine system 1D: Gas turbine system 1E: Gas turbine system 1F: Gas turbine system 1G: Gas turbine system 1H: Gas turbine system 10: Combustion device 10A : Combustion device 10B: Combustion device 10C: Combustion device 10D: Combustion device 10E: Combustion device 10F: Combustion device 10G: Combustion device 10H: Combustion device 13: Combustor 14: Ammonia tank 16: Air supply source 17: Ammonia autothermal decomposition Device 17c1: inlet 17c2: inlet 17c3: inlet 17d: outlet 19: ammonia decomposition catalyst 20: mixer 21: first heat exchanger 23: second heat exchanger 24: air tank 101: intake flow path 102: exhaust flow path 105: second flow path 106: flow path 107: flow path 111: first flow path 111a: first branch path 111b: second branch path
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- アンモニアタンクと、
前記アンモニアタンクと接続される燃焼器と、
空気供給源と、
入口が前記アンモニアタンクおよび前記空気供給源と接続され、出口が前記燃焼器と接続されるアンモニア自己熱分解装置と、
を備える、
燃焼装置。 - 前記燃焼器と接続される吸気流路および排気流路と、
前記吸気流路または前記排気流路に設けられ、前記アンモニアタンクおよび前記燃焼器と接続されるアンモニア分解触媒と、
をさらに備える、
請求項1に記載の燃焼装置。 - 前記アンモニア自己熱分解装置と前記燃焼器とを接続する流路には、混合器が設けられ、
前記混合器は、前記アンモニアタンクと接続される、
請求項1または2に記載の燃焼装置。 - 前記アンモニア自己熱分解装置と前記燃焼器とを接続する流路には、第1熱交換器が設けられ、
前記アンモニアタンクと前記アンモニア自己熱分解装置とを接続する流路は、前記第1熱交換器を通過する第1流路を含む、
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の燃焼装置。 - 前記アンモニアタンクと前記アンモニア自己熱分解装置とを接続する流路は、前記第1熱交換器を迂回する第2流路をさらに含む、
請求項4に記載の燃焼装置。 - 前記第1流路は、前記第1熱交換器よりも前記アンモニア自己熱分解装置側において、第1分岐路と第2分岐路とに分岐し、
前記第1分岐路および前記第2分岐路が、前記アンモニア自己熱分解装置の前記入口とそれぞれ接続される、
請求項4に記載の燃焼装置。 - 前記アンモニアタンクは、前記空気供給源を介して前記アンモニア自己熱分解装置の前記入口と接続される、
請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の燃焼装置。 - 前記空気供給源には、第2熱交換器が設けられ、
前記アンモニアタンクと前記アンモニア自己熱分解装置とを接続する流路は、前記第2熱交換器を通過する、
請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の燃焼装置。 - 前記空気供給源は、空気タンクを介して前記アンモニア自己熱分解装置の前記入口と接続される、
請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の燃焼装置。 - 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の燃焼装置を備える、
ガスタービンシステム。
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KR1020237034726A KR102658027B1 (ko) | 2021-04-14 | 2022-03-16 | 연소 장치 및 가스 터빈 시스템 |
AU2022257414A AU2022257414B2 (en) | 2021-04-14 | 2022-03-16 | Combustion device and gas turbine system |
EP22787928.5A EP4325034A1 (en) | 2021-04-14 | 2022-03-16 | Combustion device and gas turbine system |
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