WO2023280058A1 - 智能头戴设备 - Google Patents

智能头戴设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023280058A1
WO2023280058A1 PCT/CN2022/103240 CN2022103240W WO2023280058A1 WO 2023280058 A1 WO2023280058 A1 WO 2023280058A1 CN 2022103240 W CN2022103240 W CN 2022103240W WO 2023280058 A1 WO2023280058 A1 WO 2023280058A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
hole
cavity
acoustic cavity
volume
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PCT/CN2022/103240
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王海荣
郭翔
朱本超
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歌尔股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023280058A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023280058A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C11/00—Non-optical adjuncts; Attachment thereof
    • G02C11/06—Hearing aids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C5/00—Constructions of non-optical parts
    • G02C5/14—Side-members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C11/00—Non-optical adjuncts; Attachment thereof
    • G02C11/10—Electronic devices other than hearing aids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electro-acoustic equipment, in particular to an intelligent head-mounted equipment.
  • Smart wearable devices can be regarded as a miniature smart A device that has corresponding functions for collecting, processing or displaying data. Users can install programs provided by software service providers such as software and games in smart headsets, and can also complete functions such as adding schedules, map navigation, interacting with friends, taking photos and videos, and making video calls with friends through voice or motion control , and wireless network access can also be realized through the mobile communication network.
  • software service providers such as software and games in smart headsets
  • the speaker module on the smart head-mounted device is usually provided with an open rear sound cavity to satisfy consumers' listening experience.
  • the open rear cavity will cause serious leakage of sound to the outside world, which is not conducive to the protection of personal privacy and affects the user's use effect.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a smart head-mounted device, which aims to provide a smart head-mounted device that can effectively improve the sound leakage of the product and widen the high-frequency cut-off frequency.
  • the smart head-mounted device proposed by the present invention includes a device housing and a speaker module installed in the device housing, the device housing is provided with a front sound hole and a rear sound hole, so The distance between the rear sound outlet and the wearer's ear hole is greater than the distance between the front sound outlet and the wearer's ear hole, and the speaker module includes:
  • a module housing the module housing is provided with an installation space, and the module housing is provided with a sound hole and a sound leak hole, the sound hole is connected to the front sound hole, and the The sound leakage hole is connected to the rear sound hole;
  • a speaker unit the speaker unit is arranged in the installation space, the speaker unit includes a diaphragm capable of vibrating and sounding, and the effective volume on the path from the first side of the diaphragm to the sound outlet is formed before Acoustic cavity, the effective volume on the path from the second side of the diaphragm to the sound leakage hole forms a rear acoustic cavity;
  • volume V1 of the front acoustic cavity and the volume V2 of the rear acoustic cavity satisfy a relationship: 0.42 ⁇ V1/V2 ⁇ 2.5.
  • the volume V1 of the front acoustic cavity satisfies the relational expression: 0.18cc ⁇ V1 ⁇ 0.48cc.
  • the distance between the front sound outlet and the rear sound outlet is less than 50mm
  • the distance between the rear sound outlet and the ear hole of the wearer is the first distance
  • the front outlet The distance between the sound hole and the wearer's ear hole is a second distance
  • the difference between the first distance and the second distance is greater than 5 mm.
  • the front sound outlet and the rear sound outlet are configured to form an acoustic dipole effect when the smart wearable device emits sound.
  • the module casing includes an upper case and a lower case
  • the upper case includes a bottom plate arranged horizontally and side plates arranged around the bottom plate and extending toward the direction of the lower case
  • the lower case Sealingly connected with the side plate, the sound outlet hole and the sound leakage hole are respectively arranged on two opposite side walls of the side plate.
  • the speaker module further includes a first auxiliary housing, the first auxiliary housing is arranged in the installation space, and defines a first auxiliary cavity with the inner wall of the front acoustic cavity, The first auxiliary cavity communicates with the front acoustic cavity through a first ventilation microhole.
  • the speaker module further includes a second auxiliary housing, the second auxiliary housing is arranged in the installation space, and defines a second auxiliary cavity with the inner wall of the rear acoustic cavity, The second auxiliary cavity communicates with the rear acoustic cavity through a second ventilation microhole.
  • the vibration system of the speaker unit and the magnetic circuit system jointly define a first inner cavity
  • the shell of the speaker unit jointly defines a second inner cavity with the side plate and the lower case respectively. cavity, the first cavity and the second cavity are connected to form the rear acoustic cavity.
  • the bottom plate includes a body and a metal sheet, the body is a plastic part, and the plastic part and the metal sheet are integrally injection molded.
  • the speaker module further includes a sound-absorbing component, and the sound-absorbing component is arranged in the front acoustic cavity and/or the rear acoustic cavity, so as to adjust a volume ratio between the front acoustic cavity and the rear acoustic cavity.
  • the smart head-mounted device of the technical solution of the present invention limits the distance between the rear sound outlet hole on the device housing and the wearer's ear hole to be greater than the distance between the front sound outlet hole and the wearer's ear hole, so that the The sound hole on the module shell of the speaker module is connected to the front sound hole, and the sound leakage hole is connected to the rear sound hole, so that the speaker unit is arranged in the installation space of the module shell, so that the speaker can be single
  • the effective volume on the path from the first side of the diaphragm to the sound hole forms the front acoustic cavity
  • the effective volume on the path from the second side of the diaphragm to the sound leakage hole forms the rear acoustic cavity, thereby controlling the volume V1 of the front acoustic cavity and the volume of the rear acoustic cavity V2 satisfies the relational formula: 0.42 ⁇ V1/V2 ⁇ 2.5.
  • the sound wave is a spherical wave. Based on the front sound hole close to the speaker module, the sound wave intensity generated by the speaker module is high, and the sound waves from the front sound hole and the rear sound hole cancel each other out.
  • the sound that the user can hear is not completely canceled out, which can improve the hearing experience; as for the rear sound hole far away from the speaker module, the phase angle of the far end of the sound wave is large, making the effect of sound wave cancellation more obvious , the sound gradually weakens from the sound hole at one end close to the speaker module to the sound hole at the far end of the speaker module, so that the user can obtain a more balanced sound quality; at the same time, for other people far away from the user, the sound waves of the rear sound hole cancel The effect is more obvious, so that other people far away from the user can hear less sound, effectively protecting the user's personal privacy.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a smart head-mounted device in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a speaker module in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a comparison diagram of FR curves of different volume ratios between the front acoustic cavity and the rear acoustic cavity in the smart head-mounted device of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a comparison diagram of FR curves (30cm lateral sound leakage) of the different volume ratios of the front cavity and the rear cavity in the smart head-mounted device of the present invention.
  • the meaning of "and/or” or “and/or” appearing in the whole text includes three options, taking "A and/or B" as an example, including A option, or B option, or A and B at the same time satisfied program.
  • Smart wearable devices can be regarded as a miniature smart A device that has corresponding functions for collecting, processing or displaying data. Users can install programs provided by software service providers such as software and games in smart headsets, and can also complete functions such as adding schedules, map navigation, interacting with friends, taking photos and videos, and making video calls with friends through voice or motion control , and wireless network access can also be realized through the mobile communication network.
  • software service providers such as software and games in smart headsets
  • speaker modules in smart head-mounted devices are indispensable as audio devices.
  • the speaker modules used conventionally are generally closed-cavity design, but the closed-cavity speaker modules have problems such as high resonance frequency, low low-frequency sensitivity, and heavy sound leakage.
  • the speaker module needs to be designed with a larger rear cavity to obtain a higher Low-frequency sensitivity, but the larger rear cavity requires more shells or overall machine structures to meet. Based on the characteristics of light weight and compact use of wearable products, designing a larger rear cavity on the whole machine is against the design direction of the whole machine and the needs of users.
  • the speaker module on the smart head-mounted device is usually provided with an open rear cavity (the rear cavity of the module is open and communicated with the outside air) to achieve optimal use of audio performance.
  • the smart head-mounted devices adopt acoustic dipole design, but the smart head-mounted devices that adopt dipole effect design and open the rear cavity will have the following disadvantages: the sound leakage to the outside world is serious, Personal privacy is not effectively protected, which affects the user's use effect; due to the acoustic dipole effect and the difference in the structure of the front and rear acoustic chambers, the high-frequency cutoff frequency of the rear acoustic cavity is shifted forward, which narrows the overall bandwidth of FR, resulting in Consumers' auditory sensibility is reduced, and at the same time, it is difficult to debug the sound of the whole machine. Therefore, it is very important to reduce the sound leakage of the product and widen the FR bandwidth.
  • the present invention proposes a smart head-mounted device 100 .
  • the smart head-mounted device 100 can be AR/VR/XR/MR, etc., which is not limited here.
  • smart glasses are taken as an example for description.
  • the smart head-mounted device 100 includes a device housing 1 and a speaker module 2 installed in the device housing 1.
  • the device housing 1 is provided with The front sound hole 11 and the rear sound hole 12, the distance between the rear sound hole 12 and the wearer's ear hole is greater than the distance between the front sound hole 11 and the wearer's ear hole
  • the speaker module 2 includes a module shell Body 21 and speaker unit 22, wherein, the module housing 21 is provided with an installation space 21a, and the module housing 21 is provided with a sound outlet 2113 and a sound leakage hole 2114, and the sound outlet 2113 and the front sound outlet 11 Docking and communication, the sound leakage hole 2114 is connected to the rear sound outlet 12, the speaker unit 22 is arranged in the installation space 21a, the speaker unit 22 includes a diaphragm 221 capable of vibrating and sounding, and the first side of the diaphragm 221 is connected to the sound outlet
  • the effective volume on the path 2113 forms the front
  • an installation cavity is formed in the device casing 1 of the smart head-mounted device 100 , and the speaker module 2 is installed in the installation cavity of the device casing 1 .
  • the device casing 1 is also provided with a front sound outlet 11 and a rear sound outlet 12 , that is, both the front sound outlet 11 and the rear sound outlet 12 communicate with the installation cavity.
  • the smart head-mounted device 100 takes glasses as an example. When the smart head-mounted device 100 is worn by the wearer, the distance between the rear sound hole 12 on the device casing 1 and the wearer's ear hole is greater than the front sound hole 11. The distance from the wearer's ear hole.
  • the speaker module 2 includes a module housing 21 and a speaker unit 22, and the module housing 21 is provided with an installation space 21a and a sound outlet communicating with the installation space 21a 2113 and the sound leakage hole 2114, the installation space 21a is used for installing, fixing and supporting the speaker unit 22.
  • the sound hole 2113 of the module casing 21 is connected to the front sound hole 11, and the sound leakage hole 2114 of the module casing 21 It is connected to the rear sound outlet 12, so that when the diaphragm 221 of the speaker unit 22 vibrates and emits sound, the sound can be transmitted to the outside world through the sound outlet 2113 and the front sound outlet 11 and the sound leakage hole 2114 and the rear sound outlet 12 respectively.
  • the effective volume on the path from the first side of the diaphragm 221 to the sound hole 2113 forms the front acoustic cavity 23, and the second side of the diaphragm 221 reaches the sound hole 2113.
  • the effective volume on the path of the sound leakage hole 2114 forms the rear acoustic cavity 24 .
  • the diaphragm 221 vibrates and produces sound
  • the sound can be transmitted to the outside through the front acoustic cavity 23, the sound outlet hole 2113 and the front sound outlet hole 11 in sequence, and the sound can be transmitted through the rear acoustic cavity 24, the sound leakage hole 2114 and the rear sound outlet hole 12 in sequence transmitted to the outside world.
  • the sound wave intensity generated by the speaker module 2 is large near the front sound outlet 11 of the speaker module 2, and the front sound outlet 11 and the rear outlet
  • the mutual cancellation effect between the sound waves emitted by the sound hole 12 is relatively inconspicuous, and the sound that the wearer can hear is not completely canceled, thereby improving the hearing experience;
  • the phase angle at the far end of the sound wave is large, so that the effect of sound wave cancellation is more obvious, and the sound gradually weakens from the end close to the speaker module 2 to the end far away from the speaker module 2, so that the user can obtain a relatively balanced sound quality; at the same time, for far away For other people of the wearer, the sound wave canceling effect of the rear sound hole 12 is more obvious, so that other people far away from the wearer can hear less sound, effectively protecting the user's personal privacy.
  • the ratio of the volume V1 of the front acoustic cavity 23 to the volume V2 of the rear acoustic cavity 24 may be 0.42, 0.83, 1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.3, 2.5, etc., which is not limited here.
  • the smart head-mounted device 100 of the present invention limits the distance between the rear sound outlet 12 on the device housing 1 and the wearer's ear hole to be greater than the distance between the front sound outlet 11 and the wearer's ear hole, so that the device installed on the device shell
  • the sound hole 2113 on the module housing 21 of the speaker module 2 in the body 1 is connected to the front sound hole 11, and the sound leakage hole 2113 is connected to the rear sound hole 12, so that the speaker unit 22 is arranged on the mold.
  • the effective volume on the path from the first side of the diaphragm 221 of the speaker unit 22 to the sound outlet hole 2113 forms the front acoustic cavity 23, and the path from the second side of the diaphragm 221 to the sound leak hole 2114
  • the effective volume of the rear acoustic cavity 24 is formed, so that the volume V1 of the front acoustic cavity 23 and the volume V2 of the rear acoustic cavity 24 satisfy the relational formula: 0.42 ⁇ V1/V2 ⁇ 2.5, so that when the diaphragm 221 vibrates and produces sound, the front acoustic cavity 23 will be respectively
  • the sound emitted by the rear acoustic cavity 24 has the same amplitude and opposite signal phase.
  • the sound wave belongs to a spherical wave.
  • the speaker The sound wave intensity generated by module 2 is high, and the mutual cancellation effect is relatively inconspicuous.
  • the sound that the wearer can hear is not completely cancelled, which can improve the hearing experience;
  • the phase angle at the far end of the sound wave is large, so that the effect of sound wave cancellation is more obvious, and the sound gradually weakens from the sound hole at the end close to the speaker module 2 to the sound hole at the end far away from the speaker module 2, so that the wearer can obtain a more balanced sound.
  • Sound quality at the same time, for other people who are far away from the wearer, the sound wave cancellation effect of the rear sound hole 12 is more obvious, so that the sound heard by other people far away from the wearer is smaller, and the personal privacy of the user is effectively protected.
  • the device case 1 of the smart head-mounted device 100 may be a temple case, and the smart head-mounted device 100 also includes a frame, which is used to fix the lenses. It can be understood that the frame is movably connected with the temple housing, and the temple housing can be folded relative to the frame for easy storage.
  • the smart head-mounted device 100 is symmetrically provided with two lenses and two temple shells, and the two lenses are respectively fixed by a frame. At this time, the front sound outlet 11 and the rear sound outlet 12 are symmetrically arranged on the two temple shells.
  • the front sound outlet 11 and the rear sound outlet 12 are configured to form an acoustic dipole effect when the smart wearable device emits sound.
  • the smart head-mounted device 100 realizes the open coupling between the speaker module 2 and the ear hole of the wearer by arranging the speaker module 2 in the installation cavity of the device casing 1.
  • the open coupling is convenient and comfortable to wear, has a simplified structure, and has a beautiful appearance, and the wearer can perceive the external dynamics in real time, which improves the safety of the smart head-mounted device 100 during use.
  • the front sound outlet hole 11 is set at the position connected with the front sound chamber 23 of the speaker module 2, and the rear sound outlet hole 12 is opened at the position connected with the rear sound chamber 24 of the speaker module 2 at the same time.
  • the front acoustic cavity 23 and the rear acoustic cavity 24 are respectively located on both sides of the diaphragm of the speaker module 2, so, for example, when the diaphragm 221 vibrates in the direction of the front acoustic cavity 23, the air in the front acoustic cavity 23 is compressed, while the air in the rear acoustic cavity 24 is compressed. It just expands.
  • the sound source of the front acoustic cavity 23, that is, the front sound outlet 11, and the sound source of the rear acoustic cavity 24, that is, the rear sound outlet 12, are in opposite phases, forming positive and negative sound pressure phases, which is equivalent to forming an acoustic dipole effect
  • the so-called Acoustic dipole refers to two sound sources very close to each other, their vibration amplitude is the same, but the phase is opposite, the synthetic sound source that is formed by such two point sound sources is called acoustic dipole
  • the smart head-mounted device 100 uses the anti-phase leakage reduction principle of the acoustic dipole, so that the sounds from the two sound sources, the front sound outlet 11 and the rear sound outlet 12, cancel each other out in the distance to achieve leakage reduction. the goal of.
  • the condition that the front sound hole 11 and the rear sound hole 12 can form an acoustic dipole effect is that the distance between the front sound hole 11 and the rear sound hole 12 is much smaller than the distance between the two above-mentioned two holes and the wearer.
  • the distance between the ear holes of the surrounding people in this way, for the ear holes of the surrounding people of the wearer, the distance between the front sound outlet 11 and the rear sound outlet 12 can be ignored, that is to say, the distance between the front sound outlet 11 and the rear sound outlet
  • the distances from the two sound sources of the sound hole 12 to the ear holes of the wearer's surrounding people are approximately equal, so the two sound sources with opposite phases cancel each other out when they reach the wearer's surrounding people's ear holes, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing leakage.
  • the anti-phase sound wave of the rear sound outlet 12 weakens the sound loudness received by the human ear, that is to say, the sound wave emitted by the rear sound outlet 12 will partially cancel the front sound outlet 11 The sound wave that sends out, thereby affects the listening effect of the wearer;
  • the distance between the rear sound hole 12 and the human ear needs to be greater than the distance between the front sound hole 11 and the human ear, that is, The distance between the rear sound outlet 12 and the wearer's ear hole is greater than the distance between the front sound outlet 11 and the wearer's ear hole.
  • the volume V1 of the front acoustic cavity 23 satisfies the relationship: 0.18cc ⁇ V1 ⁇ 0.48cc.
  • the sound leakage of the smart head-mounted device 100 is improved by adjusting the volume ratio of the front acoustic cavity 23 and the rear acoustic cavity 24 (that is, changing the volume of the front acoustic cavity 23/rear acoustic cavity 24), while limiting the volume of the front acoustic cavity 23 and broaden the high-frequency cutoff frequency.
  • Smart head-mounted device 100 takes VR glasses as an example.
  • the size of the product in the width direction is ⁇ 10mm, and the size in the length direction is ⁇ 26mm.
  • the amplitude of the speaker module 2 in conventional VR glasses is X max is generally between 0.4 and 0.65mm (X max is too large, which will inevitably lead to thickening of the product, which will affect the weight and wearing comfort of the smart head-mounted device 100), so it can be inferred that the volume of the front acoustic cavity 23 is ⁇ 0.48cc; another On the one hand, the dimension in the width direction of the product is ⁇ 7mm, and the dimension in the length direction is ⁇ 15mm.
  • the volume of the front acoustic cavity 23 is ⁇ 0.18cc. Combining the above, the volume of the front acoustic cavity 23 (that is, V1) is limited to 0.18cc ⁇ V1 ⁇ 0.48cc (according to the product size size difference, the range fluctuates).
  • the rear acoustic cavity 24 of the speaker module 2 is composed of the rear cavity of the speaker unit 22 itself and the module housing 21.
  • the size of the rear acoustic cavity 24 inside the speaker module 2 is 0.2cc, so the rear acoustic cavity 24 should be greater than or equal to 0.2cc, and the volume ratio of the front acoustic cavity 23 to the rear acoustic cavity 24 (that is: the volume of the front acoustic cavity 23 is recorded as V1, and the volume of the rear acoustic cavity 24 The volume is recorded as V2,) in 0.42 ⁇ V1/V2 ⁇ 2.5 (the volume of the rear acoustic cavity 24 has a great relationship with the size of the whole machine, and there is no specific limit for the maximum value of the rear acoustic cavity 24.
  • the environmental noise standard 40dB is the critical point, and it is acceptable to be lower than 40dB. Based on the actual simulation and verification of the present invention, it is less than 40dB before 1kHz, and when the lower limit of V1/V2 is limited to 0.42), the sound leakage is relatively low. Small.
  • the distance between the front sound outlet 11 and the rear sound outlet 12 is less than 50 mm
  • the distance between the rear sound outlet 12 and the ear hole of the wearer is the first distance
  • the distance between the front sound outlet 11 and the wearer The distance between the ear holes of the patient is the second distance
  • the difference between the first distance and the second distance is greater than 5 mm.
  • the sound leakage is as small as possible, that is, it is required to form an acoustic dipole effect between the rear sound hole 12 and the front sound hole 11, which requires the rear
  • the distance between the sound outlet 12 and the front sound outlet 11 should not be too far. From the actual use of the glasses, it is found that when the distance between the rear sound outlet 12 and the front sound outlet 11 is less than 50mm, the sound leakage will occur. Elimination works best. Optionally, the distance between the front sound outlet 11 and the rear sound outlet 12 is less than 30 mm.
  • the distance between the back sound hole 12 and the wearer's ear hole is the first distance
  • the distance between the front sound hole 11 and the wearer's ear hole is the second distance, when the first distance and the second distance
  • the two sound sources, the front sound outlet 11 and the rear sound outlet 12 do not meet the conditions for forming an acoustic dipole effect relative to the wearer's ear holes, so the impact on the wearer can be reduced.
  • the two sound sources of the front sound outlet 11 and the rear sound outlet 12 form an acoustic dipole effect to reduce sound leakage;
  • the two sound sources, the front sound outlet 11 and the rear sound outlet 12 cannot form an acoustic dipole effect, so as not to affect the listening effect of the wearer.
  • the module housing 21 includes an upper shell 211 and a lower shell 212.
  • the upper shell 211 includes a horizontal bottom plate 2111 and side plates 2112 arranged around the bottom plate 2111 and extending toward the lower shell 212.
  • the lower shell 212 and The side plate 2112 is sealed and connected, and the sound outlet hole 2113 and the sound leakage hole 2114 are respectively provided on two opposite side walls of the side plate 2112 .
  • the upper shell 211 and the lower shell 212 of the module shell 21 can be connected in a detachable manner, which can improve the convenience of disassembling and assembling the speaker unit 22 .
  • the upper shell 211 includes a horizontal bottom plate 2111 and a side plate 2112 arranged around the bottom plate 2111 and extending toward the lower shell 212.
  • the lower shell 212 is in sealing connection with the side plate 2112, and the sound outlet 2113 and the sound leakage hole 2114 are respectively disposed on two opposite side walls of the side plate 2112 .
  • the side of the diaphragm 221 of the speaker unit 22 facing the bottom plate 2111 of the upper case 211 is the first side
  • the side of the diaphragm 221 of the speaker unit 22 facing the lower case 212 is the second side.
  • the diaphragm 221 , the bottom plate 2111 and part of the side plates 2112 enclose the front acoustic cavity 23 connected to the sound outlet 2113
  • the diaphragm 221 , the lower shell 212 and part of the side plates 2112 enclose the rear acoustic cavity 24 connected to the sound leak hole 2114 .
  • the periphery of the speaker unit 22 is connected to the side plate 2112 of the module casing 21 , so that the diaphragm 221 separates the installation space 21 a into a front acoustic cavity 23 and a rear acoustic cavity 24 facing away from each other.
  • the bottom plate 2111 includes a body and a metal sheet, the body is a plastic part, and the plastic part and the metal sheet are integrally injection molded. It can be understood that by setting the bottom plate 2111 as the body and the metal sheet, the plastic parts of the body and the metal sheet are integrally injection-molded, so that the thin structure of the metal sheet can be used to increase the volume of the front acoustic cavity 23, effectively adjusting and controlling the front cavity.
  • the volume V1 of the acoustic cavity 23 and the volume V2 of the rear acoustic cavity 24 satisfy the relationship: 0.42 ⁇ V1/V2 ⁇ 2.5, thereby improving the sound leakage of the smart head-mounted device 100 and broadening the high-frequency cut-off frequency.
  • the vibration system of the speaker unit 22 and the magnetic circuit system jointly define a first inner cavity
  • the shell of the speaker unit 22 jointly defines a second inner cavity with the side plate 2112 and the lower case 212 respectively.
  • the inner cavity and the second inner cavity are connected to form the rear acoustic cavity 24 together.
  • the first inner cavity formed in the speaker unit 22 communicates with the second inner cavity formed by the shell of the speaker unit 22 and the side plate 2112 and the lower case 212 of the device casing 1, and together constitute Rear acoustic cavity 24, in this way, the volume difference between the front acoustic cavity 23 and the rear acoustic cavity 24 can be changed by changing the volume of the first inner cavity defined by the vibration system of the speaker unit 22 and the magnetic circuit system, or by performing a speaker module 2, to change the volume of the second inner cavity formed by the shell of the speaker unit 22 and the side plate 2112 and the lower shell 212 of the device casing 1, thus causing the change in the volume difference between the front acoustic cavity 23 and the rear acoustic cavity 24 .
  • the speaker module 2 further includes a first auxiliary housing, the first auxiliary housing is arranged in the installation space 21a, and defines a first auxiliary cavity with the inner wall of the front acoustic cavity 23, the first auxiliary cavity It communicates with the front acoustic cavity 23 through the first ventilation microhole.
  • the inner wall of the first auxiliary housing and the front acoustic cavity 23 defines the first auxiliary cavity, and the space between the first auxiliary cavity and the front acoustic cavity 23
  • the first auxiliary shell is used to adjust the volume V1 of the front acoustic cavity 23 through the communication of the first ventilation microhole, so as to control the volume V1 of the front acoustic cavity 23 and the volume V2 of the rear acoustic cavity 24 to satisfy the relationship: 0.42 ⁇ V1/V2 ⁇ 2.5, Therefore, the sound leakage of the smart head-mounted device 100 is improved and the high-frequency cut-off frequency is widened.
  • the speaker module 2 further includes a second auxiliary housing, the second auxiliary housing is arranged in the installation space 21a, and defines a second auxiliary cavity with the inner wall of the rear acoustic cavity 24, the second auxiliary cavity It communicates with the rear acoustic cavity 24 through the second ventilation microhole.
  • the inner wall of the second auxiliary housing and the rear acoustic cavity 24 defines a second auxiliary cavity, and the gap between the second auxiliary cavity and the rear acoustic cavity 24
  • the volume V2 of the rear acoustic cavity 24 is adjusted by the second auxiliary housing to control the volume V1 of the front acoustic cavity 23 and the volume V2 of the rear acoustic cavity 24 to satisfy the relational formula: 0.42 ⁇ V1/V2 ⁇ 2.5, Therefore, the sound leakage of the smart head-mounted device 100 is improved and the high-frequency cut-off frequency is widened.
  • the speaker module 2 further includes a sound-absorbing component, and the sound-absorbing component is disposed in the front acoustic cavity 23 and/or the rear acoustic cavity 24 to adjust the volume ratio of the front acoustic cavity 23 and the rear acoustic cavity 24 .
  • the sound-absorbing components are arranged in the front acoustic cavity 23 and/or the rear acoustic cavity 24 to adjust the volume ratio of the front acoustic cavity 23 and the rear acoustic cavity 24, so that the volume V1 of the front acoustic cavity 23 is equal to the volume V1 of the rear acoustic cavity 24.
  • the volume V2 satisfies the relational expression: 0.42 ⁇ V1/V2 ⁇ 2.5, thereby improving the sound leakage of the smart head-mounted device 100 and broadening the high-frequency cut-off frequency.
  • the sound-absorbing component is disposed in the front acoustic cavity 23; or, the sound-absorbing component is disposed in the rear acoustic cavity 24; or, the sound-absorbing component is disposed in the front acoustic cavity 23 and the rear acoustic cavity 24, which is not limited here.
  • the lower shell 212 is provided with a convex structure protruding toward the direction of the speaker unit 22, so that the volume ratio of the front acoustic cavity 23 and the rear acoustic cavity 24 can be adjusted through the convex structure, so that the volume of the front acoustic cavity 23 V1 and the volume V2 of the rear acoustic cavity 24 satisfy the relationship: 0.42 ⁇ V1/V2 ⁇ 2.5, thereby improving the sound leakage of the smart head-mounted device 100 and widening the high-frequency cut-off frequency.
  • the speaker module 2 is generally small in size due to the design requirements of the whole device.
  • the design amplitude X max is generally large.
  • X max ⁇ 0.4mm corresponding to the volume of the front acoustic cavity 23 of the speaker module 2 needs to be ⁇ 0.18cc
  • the general conventional design is that the volume of the rear acoustic cavity 24 of the speaker module 2 is larger than the volume of the front acoustic cavity 23 of the speaker module 2 (
  • the volume of the front acoustic cavity 23 is 0.2cc
  • the volume of the rear acoustic cavity 24 is 0.48cc
  • the volume of the rear acoustic cavity 24 of the speaker module 2 (the volume of the front acoustic cavity 23 is 0.2cc, and the volume of the rear acoustic cavity 24 is 0.21cc), it is close to the volume of the front acoustic cavity 23, that is, the volume V1 of the current acoustic cavity 23 is the same as that of the rear acoustic cavity 24.
  • the sound leakage of the conventional design (that is, V1/V2 is 0.42) is the most serious.
  • the frequency band of the normal conversation of the present invention the sound leakage is smaller than the conventional design, which can effectively improve the user's privacy; the Fh is higher than the conventional design, and it is convenient to use Smart PA to adjust the sound quality.
  • the amount of sound leakage is the smallest and the high-frequency cutoff frequency widest.
  • the industry believes that the difference between FR curves is ⁇ 3dB, and people can recognize and feel the obvious changes in sound. In the present invention, it can be reduced by 5dB, therefore, the personal privacy can be effectively improved.
  • the volume ratio between the front acoustic cavity 23 and the rear acoustic cavity 24 can be adjusted by changing the area of the rear sound outlet 12 , the length of the pipe of the rear sound outlet 12 , and the like. It is also possible to adjust the volume ratio between the front acoustic cavity 23 and the rear acoustic cavity 24 by arranging the speaker modules 2, such as the design of the speaker module 2 array, which is not specifically limited in the present invention.
  • the design of the open speaker module 2 in the smart head-mounted device 100 due to the influence of the acoustic dipole effect, can effectively improve the sound leakage by adjusting the volume of the front acoustic cavity 23 and the rear acoustic cavity 24, and improve consumer use.
  • the privacy, and broaden the cut-off frequency of high frequency is conducive to the sound quality adjustment of the whole machine.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种智能头戴设备，该智能头戴设备包括设备壳体和安装于设备壳体内的扬声器模组，设备壳体上设有前出声孔和后出声孔，扬声器模组包括模组壳体和扬声器单体，模组壳体内设有安装空间，模组壳体上设有出声孔和泄声孔，出声孔与前出声孔对接连通，泄声孔与后出声孔对接连通，扬声器单体设在安装空间内，扬声器单体包括能够振动发声的振膜，振膜第一侧至出声孔路径上的有效容积形成前声腔，振膜第二侧至泄声孔路径上的有效容积形成后声腔；其中，前声腔的体积V1与后声腔的体积V2满足关系式：0.42≤V1/V2≤2.5。本发明旨在提供一种有效改善产品的漏音，并拓宽高频截止频率的智能头戴设备。

Description

智能头戴设备 技术领域
本发明涉及电声设备技术领域，特别涉及一种智能头戴设备。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展，智能穿戴设备为人们的生活带来了极大的便利，而作为智能穿戴设备的智能头戴设备也越来越流行，智能头戴设备可以看作是一台微型智能设备，其具有相应的采集、处理或显示数据的功能。用户可以在智能头戴设备中安装软件、游戏等软件服务商提供的程序，也可以通过语音或动作操控完成添加日程、地图导航、与好友互动、拍摄照片和视频、与朋友展开视频通话等功能，同时也可以通过移动通讯网络来实现无线网络接入。
相关技术中，智能头戴设备上的扬声器模组通常设置开放式后声腔来满足消费者的听感体验。但是开放式后声腔会造成对外界的声音泄露严重，由此不利于个人隐私的保护，影响用户的使用效果。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种智能头戴设备，旨在提供一种有效改善产品的漏音，并拓宽高频截止频率的智能头戴设备。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出的智能头戴设备，包括设备壳体和安装于所述设备壳体内的扬声器模组，所述设备壳体上设有前出声孔和后出声孔，所述后出声孔与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离大于所述前出声孔与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离，所述扬声器模组包括：
模组壳体，所述模组壳体内设有安装空间，所述模组壳体上设有出声孔和泄声孔，所述出声孔与所述前出声孔对接连通，所述泄声孔与所述后出声孔对接连通；和
扬声器单体，所述扬声器单体设在所述安装空间内，所述扬声器单体包 括能够振动发声的振膜，所述振膜第一侧至所述出声孔路径上的有效容积形成前声腔，所述振膜第二侧至所述泄声孔路径上的有效容积形成后声腔；
其中，所述前声腔的体积V1与所述后声腔的体积V2满足关系式：0.42≤V1/V2≤2.5。
在一实施例中，所述前声腔的体积V1满足关系式：0.18cc≤V1≤0.48cc。
在一实施例中，所述前出声孔与所述后出声孔之间的距离小于50mm，所述后出声孔与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离为第一距离，所述前出声孔与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离为第二距离，所述第一距离与第二距离的差值大于5mm。
在一实施例中，所述前出声孔与所述后出声孔被配置为在所述智能穿戴设备发声时形成声偶极子效应。
在一实施例中，所述前声腔的体积V1与所述后声腔的体积V2满足关系式：V1/V2＝1。
在一实施例中，所述模组壳体包括上壳和下壳，所述上壳包括水平设置的底板和围绕所述底板设置并朝向所述下壳方向延伸的侧板，所述下壳与所述侧板密封连接，所述出声孔和所述泄声孔分别设于所述侧板的两个相对侧壁上。
在一实施例中，所述扬声器模组还包括第一辅助壳体，所述第一辅助壳体设在所述安装空间内，并与所述前声腔的内壁限定出第一辅助腔体，所述第一辅助腔体与所述前声腔之间通过第一通气微孔连通。
在一实施例中，所述扬声器模组还包括第二辅助壳体，所述第二辅助壳体设在所述安装空间内，并与所述后声腔的内壁限定出第二辅助腔体，所述第二辅助腔体与所述后声腔之间通过第二通气微孔连通。
在一实施例中，所述扬声器单体的振动系统与磁路系统共同限定出第一内腔，所述扬声器单体的外壳分别与所述侧板和所述下壳共同限定出第二内腔，所述第一内腔和所述第二内腔相连通共同组成所述后声腔。
在一实施例中，所述底板包括本体和金属片，所述本体为塑胶件，所述塑胶件与所述金属片一体注塑成型。
在一实施例中，所述扬声器模组还包括吸音部件，所述吸音部件设于所述前声腔和/或所述后声腔内，以调节所述前声腔与所述后声腔的体积比。
本发明技术方案的智能头戴设备通过限定设备壳体上后出声孔与佩戴者 的耳孔之间的距离大于前出声孔与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离，使得设置于设备壳体内的扬声器模组的模组壳体上出声孔与前出声孔对接连通，泄声孔与后出声孔对接连通，从而将扬声器单体设置于模组壳体的安装空间内，使得扬声器单体的振膜第一侧至出声孔路径上的有效容积形成前声腔，振膜第二侧至泄声孔路径上的有效容积形成后声腔，从而控制前声腔的体积V1与后声腔的体积V2满足关系式：0.42≤V1/V2≤2.5，如此在振膜振动发声时，会分别向前声腔和后声腔发出信号幅度一致，且信号相位相反的声音，对于使用智能头戴设备的用户使用者而言，声波属于球面波，基于靠近扬声器模组的前出声孔而言，扬声器模组产生的声波强度大，前出声孔和后出声孔发出的声波之间相互抵消效果相对比较不明显，用户能够听到的声音没有完全被抵消掉，由此可以提高听觉感受性；至于远离扬声器模组的后出声孔而言，声波远端的相位角度大，使得声波抵消的效果较为明显，声音从靠近扬声器模组的一端声孔向远离扬声器模组的一端声孔逐渐减弱，会使用户获得比较均衡的音质；同时，对于远离用户的其他人而言，后出声孔的声波抵消效果更为明显，使得远离用户的其他人听到的声音较小，有效地实现保护用户的个人隐私。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一实施例中智能头戴设备的结构示意图；
图2为本发明一实施例中扬声器模组的剖面示意图；
图3为本发明智能头戴设备中前声腔与后声腔不同体积比的FR曲线对比图；
图4为本发明智能头戴设备中前声腔与后声腔不同体积比的FR曲线(侧方30cm漏音)对比图。
附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
100 智能头戴设备 2112 侧板
1 设备壳体 2113 出声孔
11 前出声孔 2114 泄声孔
12 后出声孔 212 下壳
2 扬声器模组 22 扬声器单体
21 模组壳体 221 振膜
21a 安装空间 23 前声腔
211 上壳 24 后声腔
2111 底板    
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
同时，全文中出现的“和/或”或“且/或”的含义为，包括三个方案，以“A和/或B”为例，包括A方案，或B方案，或A和B同时满足的方案。
另外，在本发明中如涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应 当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
随着科学技术的发展，智能穿戴设备为人们的生活带来了极大的便利，而作为智能穿戴设备的智能头戴设备也越来越流行，智能头戴设备可以看作是一台微型智能设备，其具有相应的采集、处理或显示数据的功能。用户可以在智能头戴设备中安装软件、游戏等软件服务商提供的程序，也可以通过语音或动作操控完成添加日程、地图导航、与好友互动、拍摄照片和视频、与朋友展开视频通话等功能，同时也可以通过移动通讯网络来实现无线网络接入。
可以理解的，智能头戴设备(例如AR/VR/XR/MR等新兴的智能头戴电子产品)中扬声器模组作为音频器件，必不可少。当前智能音频设备中，常规(如手机)使用的扬声器模组一般为闭腔设计，但闭腔扬声器模组存在谐振频率高、低频灵敏度低、漏音重等问题。因为使用场景及音频设备设计差异，比如应用于AR/VR/XR/MR等领域的智能音频设备，为满足消费者的听感体验，扬声器模组需要设计较大的后腔以便得到较高的低频灵敏度，但是较大的后腔需要较多的壳体或者整机结构来满足。基于穿戴产品质量轻便、小巧的使用特点，在整机上设计较大的后腔违背整机设计方向和使用者的需求。
相关技术中，智能头戴设备上的扬声器模组通常设置开放式后腔(模组的后腔开放，跟外面空气连通，)实现音频性能的最优化使用。智能头戴设备为了降低声音的远场泄露，均采用声偶极子设计，但是采用偶极子效应设计，同时开放后腔的智能头戴设备，会存以下缺点：对外界的声音泄露严重，个人的私密性得不到有效保护，影响用户的使用效果；由于声偶极子效应及前后声腔结构的差异，导致后声腔的高频截止频率前移，使FR整体的频宽变窄，导致消费者听觉感受性下降，同时给整机的声音调试增加调试困难。因此减小产品的漏音和拓宽FR频宽非常重要。
基于上述构思和问题，本发明提出一种智能头戴设备100。可以理解的，该智能头戴设备100可以是AR/VR/XR/MR等，在此不做限定。本发明中以智能眼镜为例进行说明。
请结合参照图1和图2所示，在本发明实施例中，该智能头戴设备100包括设备壳体1和安装于设备壳体1内的扬声器模组2，设备壳体1上设有前出声孔11和后出声孔12，后出声孔12与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离大于前出 声孔11与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离，扬声器模组2包括模组壳体21和扬声器单体22，其中，模组壳体21内设有安装空间21a，模组壳体21上设有出声孔2113和泄声孔2114，出声孔2113与前出声孔11对接连通，泄声孔2114与后出声孔12对接连通，扬声器单体22设在安装空间21a内，扬声器单体22包括能够振动发声的振膜221，振膜221第一侧至出声孔2113路径上的有效容积形成前声腔23，振膜221第二侧至泄声孔2114路径上的有效容积形成后声腔24；其中，前声腔23的体积V1与后声腔24的体积V2满足关系式：0.42≤V1/V2≤2.5。
在本实施例中，智能头戴设备100的设备壳体1内形成有安装腔，扬声器模组2装设于设备壳体1的安装腔内。设备壳体1还设有前出声孔11和后出声孔12，也即前出声孔11和后出声孔12均与安装腔连通。可以理解的，智能头戴设备100以眼镜为例，智能头戴设备100被佩戴者穿戴时，设备壳体1上后出声孔12与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离大于前出声孔11与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离。
如图1和图2所示，在本实施例中，扬声器模组2包括模组壳体21和扬声器单体22，模组壳体21设有安装空间21a以及连通安装空间21a的出声孔2113和泄声孔2114，安装空间21a用于安装、固定和支撑扬声器单体22。可以理解的，扬声器模组2装设于设备壳体1的安装腔内时，模组壳体21的出声孔2113与前出声孔11对接连通，模组壳体21的泄声孔2114与后出声孔12对接连通，如此扬声器单体22的振膜221振动发声时，声音可分别由出声孔2113和前出声孔11以及泄声孔2114和后出声孔12传输至外界。
可以理解的，扬声器单体22装设于模组壳体21的安装空间21a时，振膜221第一侧至出声孔2113路径上的有效容积形成前声腔23，振膜221第二侧至泄声孔2114路径上的有效容积形成后声腔24。如此在振膜221振动发声时，声音可依次通过前声腔23、出声孔2113及前出声孔11传输至外界，以及声音可依次通过后声腔24、泄声孔2114和后出声孔12传输至外界。
在本实施例中，通过设置和限定前声腔23的体积V1与后声腔24的体积V2满足关系式：0.42≤V1/V2≤2.5，从而使得振膜221振动发声时，会分别向前声腔23和后声腔24发出信号幅度一致，且信号相位相反的声音。由于声波属于球面波，如此对于使用智能头戴设备100的佩戴者而言，靠近扬声 器模组2的前出声孔11，扬声器模组2产生的声波强度大，前出声孔11和后出声孔12发出的声波之间相互抵消效果相对比较不明显，佩戴者能够听到的声音是没有完全被抵消的，从而可提高听觉感受性；对于远离扬声器模组2的后出声孔12而言，声波远端的相位角度大，使得声波抵消的效果较为明显，声音从靠近扬声器模组2的一端向远离扬声器模组2的一端逐渐减弱，会使用户获得比较均衡的音质；同时，对于远离佩戴者的其他人而言，后出声孔12的声波抵消效果更为明显，使得远离佩戴者的其他人听到的声音较小，有效地实现保护用户的个人隐私。可选地，前声腔23的体积V1与后声腔24的体积V2比值可选为0.42、0.83、1、1.2、1.5、1.8、2、2.3、2.5等，在此不做限定。
本发明的智能头戴设备100通过限定设备壳体1上后出声孔12与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离大于前出声孔11与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离，使得设置于设备壳体1内的扬声器模组2的模组壳体21上出声孔2113与前出声孔11对接连通，泄声孔2113与后出声孔12对接连通，从而将扬声器单体22设置于模组壳体21的安装空间21a内，使得扬声器单体22的振膜221第一侧至出声孔2113路径上的有效容积形成前声腔23，振膜221第二侧至泄声孔2114路径上的有效容积形成后声腔24，从而控制前声腔23的体积V1与后声腔24的体积V2满足关系式：0.42≤V1/V2≤2.5，如此在振膜221振动发声时，会分别向前声腔23和后声腔24发出信号幅度一致，且信号相位相反的声音，对于使用智能头戴设备100的佩戴者而言，声波属于球面波，基于靠近扬声器模组2的前出声孔11而言，扬声器模组2产生的声波强度大，相互抵消效果相对比较不明显，佩戴者能够听到的声音没有完全被抵消掉，由此可以提高听觉感受性；至于远离扬声器模组2的后出声孔12而言，声波远端的相位角度大，使得声波抵消的效果较为明显，声音从靠近扬声器模组2的一端声孔向远离扬声器模组2的一端声孔逐渐减弱，会使佩戴者获得比较均衡的音质；同时，对于远离佩戴者的其他人而言，后出声孔12的声波抵消效果更为明显，使得远离佩戴者的其他人听到的声音较小，有效地实现保护用户的个人隐私。
在本实施例中，如图1所示，智能头戴设备100的设备壳体1可以是镜腿壳体，智能头戴设备100还包括框架，框架用于固定镜片。可以理解的， 框架与镜腿壳体活动连接，镜腿壳体能够相对于框架进行折叠，便于收纳。通常情况下，智能头戴设备100对称设置两个镜片及两个镜腿壳体，两个镜片分别由一个框架固定。此时，前出声孔11及后出声孔12在两个镜腿壳体上对称设置。
在一实施例中，前出声孔11与后出声孔12被配置为在智能穿戴设备发声时形成声偶极子效应。
可以理解的，智能头戴设备100通过在设备壳体1内的安装腔内设置扬声器模组2，实现了扬声器模组2与佩戴者耳孔的开放式耦合，相比入耳式的密闭耦合形式，开放式耦合佩戴方便舒适且结构简化，外形美观，并且佩戴者可以实时感知外界动态，提高了该智能头戴设备100使用时的安全性。
然而，这种开放式耦合的缺点也是显而易见的，由于声源向外扩散，因此佩戴者周边的人也会听到该智能头戴设备100的扬声器模组2发出的声音，这就一方面不利于佩戴者个人隐私的保护，另一方面会对他人造成干扰。
本发明将前出声孔11开设在与扬声器模组2的前声腔23相连通的位置处，同时在与扬声器模组2的后声腔24相连通的位置处上开设后出声孔12，由于前声腔23和后声腔24分别位于扬声器模组2的振膜的两侧，因此，例如当振膜221向前声腔23的方向振动时，前声腔23的空气被压缩，而后声腔24的空气则正好膨胀，因此，前声腔23的声源即前出声孔11与后声腔24的声源即后出声孔12相位相反，形成正负声压相，相当于形成声偶极子效应，所谓声偶极子是指相距很近的两个声源，它们的振动幅值相同，但是相位相反，由这样的两个点声源构成的合成声源称为声偶极子，而本发明的智能头戴设备100正是利用了声偶极子的反相位降漏原理，使得前出声孔11与后出声孔12这两个声源发出的声音在远处相互抵消，达到降漏的目的。
可以理解的，前出声孔11与后出声孔12能够形成声偶极子效应的条件是：前出声孔11与后出声孔12之间的距离要远小于上述二者到佩戴者周边人的耳孔的距离，这样，对于佩戴者周边人的耳孔来说，前出声孔11与后出声孔12之间的距离可以忽略不计，也就是说，前出声孔11与后出声孔12这两个声源到佩戴者周边人的耳孔的距离近似相等，因此，这样两个相位相反的声源在到达佩戴者周边人的耳孔时互相抵消，达到降漏的目的。
对于佩戴者而言，后出声孔12的反相位声波对人耳处接受的声音响度是 起削弱作用的，也就是说，后出声孔12发出的声波会部分抵消前出声孔11发出的声波，从而影响佩戴者的收听效果；为了减小这种削弱的效果，本发明人发现后出声孔12与人耳的距离需要大于前出声孔11到人耳的距离，也即后出声孔12与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离大于前出声孔11与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离。
在一实施例中，前声腔23的体积V1满足关系式：0.18cc≤V1≤0.48cc。
在本实施例中，通过调整前声腔23与后声腔24的体积比(即改变前声腔23/后声腔24的体积大小)，同时限定前声腔23体积大小来改善智能头戴设备100的漏音和拓宽高频截止频率。
智能头戴设备100以VR眼镜为例，为了追求轻便及眼镜腿设计需求，一般的，产品宽度方向的尺寸≤10mm，长度方向的尺寸≤26mm，常规VR眼镜内的扬声器模组2的振幅X max一般介于0.4～0.65mm之间(X max太大，势必导致产品厚度加厚，影响智能头戴设备100的重量及佩戴舒适度)，以此推断前声腔23体积≤0.48cc；另一方面，产品宽度方向尺寸≥7mm，长度方向尺寸≥15mm，以此推断前声腔23体积≥0.18cc，结合以上，限定前声腔23体积(即为V1)0.18cc≤V1≤0.48cc(根据产品尺寸大小差异，该范围有波动)。关于后声腔24，一般的，扬声器模组2的后声腔24有扬声器单体22本身的后腔和模组壳体21组成的腔体组成，对于限定尺寸为15*7的扬声器单体22，其扬声器模组2内部的后声腔24大小为0.2cc，故后声腔24应大于等于0.2cc，且前声腔23与后声腔24的体积比(即：前声腔23体积记为V1，后声腔24体积记为V2，)在0.42≤V1/V2≤2.5(后声腔24体积大小，跟整机尺寸匹配有很大关系，在此不做后声腔24最大值的具体限定，一般的，行业内认定的环境噪声标准40dB为临界点，低于40dB人为可接受，基于本发明的实际仿真跟验证，1kHz之前均小于40dB，限定V1/V2的下限值为0.42)范围内时，声音泄露量较小。
在一实施例中，前声腔23的体积V1与后声腔24的体积V2满足关系式：V1/V2＝1。具体地，当体积比V1/V2为1时，声音泄露量最优，高频截止频率可有效拓宽。
在一实施例中，前出声孔11与后出声孔12之间的距离小于50mm，后出声孔12与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离为第一距离，前出声孔11与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离为第二距离，第一距离与第二距离的差值大于5mm。
可以理解的，对于佩戴者周边的人而言，我们希望漏音越小越好，也就是要求后出声孔12和前出声孔11之间能够形成声偶极子效应，这就要求后出声孔12和前出声孔11两孔间的距离不能太远，从眼镜的实际使用情况出发，发现后出声孔12和前出声孔11两孔间的距离小于50mm时，漏音消除的效果最佳。可选地，前出声孔11与后出声孔12之间的距离小于30mm。
同时，发现在后出声孔12与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离为第一距离，前出声孔11与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离为第二距离，当第一距离与第二距离的差值大于5mm时，前出声孔11与后出声孔12这两个声源相对于佩戴者的耳孔不满足形成声偶极子效应的条件，因此便能够降低对佩戴者的影响。也就是说，对于佩戴者的周边人而言，前出声孔11与后出声孔12这两个声源形成声偶极子效应，以起到降低漏音的作用；而相对于佩戴者自己而言，前出声孔11与后出声孔12这两个声源则不能形成声偶极子效应，以免影响佩戴者的收听效果。
在一实施例中，模组壳体21包括上壳211和下壳212，上壳211包括水平设置的底板2111和围绕底板2111设置并朝向下壳212方向延伸的侧板2112，下壳212与侧板2112密封连接，出声孔2113和泄声孔2114分别设于侧板2112的两个相对侧壁上。
可以理解的，模组壳体21的上壳211和下壳212可采用可拆卸连接方式，如此可提高扬声器单体22的拆装便利性。如图2所示，上壳211包括水平设置的底板2111和围绕底板2111设置并朝向下壳212方向延伸的侧板2112，下壳212与侧板2112密封连接，出声孔2113和泄声孔2114分别设于侧板2112的两个相对侧壁上。
在本实施例中，扬声器单体22的振膜221面向上壳211底板2111的一侧为第一侧，扬声器单体22的振膜221面向下壳212的一侧为第二侧。振膜221、底板2111及部分侧板2112围合形成连通出声孔2113的前声腔23，振膜221、下壳212及部分侧板2112围合形成连通泄声孔2114的后声腔24。可以理解的，扬声器单体22的周缘与模组壳体21的侧板2112连接，使得振膜221将安装空间21a分隔为相背离的前声腔23和后声腔24。
在一实施例中，底板2111包括本体和金属片，本体为塑胶件，塑胶件与金属片一体注塑成型。可以理解的，通过将底板2111设置为本体和金属片， 从而利用本体的塑胶件与金属片一体注塑成型，如此可利用金属片的薄片结构以增大前声腔23的体积，有效调节和控制前声腔23的体积V1与后声腔24的体积V2满足关系式：0.42≤V1/V2≤2.5，从而改善智能头戴设备100的漏音和拓宽高频截止频率。
在一实施例中，扬声器单体22的振动系统与磁路系统共同限定出第一内腔，扬声器单体22的外壳分别与侧板2112和下壳212共同限定出第二内腔，第一内腔和第二内腔相连通共同组成后声腔24。
可以理解的，通过将扬声器单体22内形成的第一内腔与扬声器单体22的外壳与设备壳体1的侧板2112和下壳212围合形成的第二内腔连通，并共同组成后声腔24，如此可通过改变扬声器单体22的振动系统与磁路系统限定的第一内腔的体积，从而引起的前声腔23与后声腔24体积差异的变化，或者可通过进行扬声器模组2的排布，以改变扬声器单体22的外壳与设备壳体1的侧板2112和下壳212围合形成的第二内腔体积，从而引起的前声腔23与后声腔24体积差异的变化。
在一实施例中，扬声器模组2还包括第一辅助壳体，第一辅助壳体设在安装空间21a内，并与前声腔23的内壁限定出第一辅助腔体，第一辅助腔体与前声腔23之间通过第一通气微孔连通。
可以理解的，通过在前声腔23内设置第一辅助壳体，使得第一辅助壳体与前声腔23的内壁限定出第一辅助腔体，并将第一辅助腔体与前声腔23之间通过第一通气微孔连通，从而利用第一辅助壳体调节前声腔23的体积V1，以控制前声腔23的体积V1与后声腔24的体积V2满足关系式：0.42≤V1/V2≤2.5，从而改善智能头戴设备100的漏音和拓宽高频截止频率。
在一实施例中，扬声器模组2还包括第二辅助壳体，第二辅助壳体设在安装空间21a内，并与后声腔24的内壁限定出第二辅助腔体，第二辅助腔体与后声腔24之间通过第二通气微孔连通。
可以理解的，通过在后声腔24内设置第二辅助壳体，使得第二辅助壳体与后声腔24的内壁限定出第二辅助腔体，并将第二辅助腔体与后声腔24之间通过第二通气微孔连通，从而利用第二辅助壳体调节后声腔24的体积V2，以控制前声腔23的体积V1与后声腔24的体积V2满足关系式：0.42≤V1/V2≤2.5，从而改善智能头戴设备100的漏音和拓宽高频截止频率。
在一实施例中，扬声器模组2还包括吸音部件，吸音部件设于前声腔23和/或后声腔24内，以调节前声腔23与后声腔24的体积比。
可以理解的，通过设置吸音部件，使得吸音部件设置于前声腔23和/或后声腔24内，以调节前声腔23与后声腔24的体积比，使得前声腔23的体积V1与后声腔24的体积V2满足关系式：0.42≤V1/V2≤2.5，从而改善智能头戴设备100的漏音和拓宽高频截止频率。可选地，吸音部件设于前声腔23内；或者，吸音部件设于后声腔24内；或者，吸音部件设于前声腔23和后声腔24内，在此不做限定。
在一实施例中，下壳212上设有朝向靠近扬声器单体22方向凸出的凸包结构，如此可通过凸包结构调节前声腔23与后声腔24的体积比，使得前声腔23的体积V1与后声腔24的体积V2满足关系式：0.42≤V1/V2≤2.5，从而改善智能头戴设备100的漏音和拓宽高频截止频率。为更好的验证前声腔23与后声腔24的体积比对漏音及频宽的改善效果，进行了如下验证，如图3和图4所示，分别将前声腔23的体积V1与后声腔24的体积V2比值设置为0.42、0.83及1进行测试，发现高频出现两个谐振峰，使得高频的频宽变窄。研究发现高频第一个谐振峰是后声腔24的高频谐振导致，第二个谐振峰是前声腔23的高频谐振导致。进一步的，结合实际做如下详细的验证，如图3和图4所示。
扬声器模组2尤其是应用于智能头戴设备100的开放式扬声器模组2，受限于整机设计要求，一般尺寸都比较小，为得到高的灵敏度，一般设计振幅X max较大。一般设计的X max≥0.4mm，对应扬声器模组2的前声腔23体积需≥0.18cc，一般的常规设计即为扬声器模组2的后声腔24体积大于扬声器模组2的前声腔23体积(如：前声腔23体积0.2cc，后声腔24体积0.48cc)，因为智能头戴设备100采用声偶极子设计，开放式后声腔24的扬声器模组2，Fh前移，漏音相对偏大。
本发明中通过减小扬声器模组2后声腔24的体积(前声腔23体积为0.2cc，后声腔24体积为0.21cc)，跟前声腔23体积大小接近，即当前声腔23体积V1与后声腔24体积V2比值，V1/V2约为1时，通过有限元仿真，可将后声腔24的Fh后移至跟前声腔23接近，频带拓宽，从而有利于整机的声音调试，同时有效降低产品的声音泄露，漏音测试比常规方案减小5dB。进行实际验证，验证结果(如图3和图4所示)证实仿真结论。
基于以上思路，继续增大前声腔23体积是否持续有效果，实际仿真验证，前声腔23的体积V1增大为0.4cc时，后声腔24体积V2为0.48cc不变，前声腔23与后声腔24体积比值V1/V2约为0.83时(介于0.4到1之间)，通过有限元仿真并实际验证发现，高频截止频率比常规方案可有效拓宽，漏音较常规方案减小。从图3和图4中可以看出，在FR曲线相近的情况下，常规设计(也即V1/V2为0.42)的漏音最为严重。本发明在800Hz之后，人正常通话的频段，漏音均小于常规方案设计，可有效提高使用者的私密性；Fh均比常规设计高，便于使用Smart PA等进行音质调节。
综合以上验证，通过将前声腔23的体积V1的范围限定为0.18cc≤V1≤0.48cc，且前声腔23与后声腔24体积比V1/V2为1时，声音泄露量最小，高频截止频率最宽。一般的，行业内认为FR曲线相差≥3dB，人即可识别，感受到声音的明显变化。本发明中可降低5dB，因此，可有效提高个人的私密性。
在其他实施例中，可以通过改变后出声孔12的面积，后出声孔12管道的长度等方案调节前声腔23与后声腔24之间的体积比。还可以通过进行扬声器模组2的排布，如扬声器模组2阵列的设计方式调节前声腔23和后声腔24之间的体积比，本发明对此不做具体限制。
可以理解的，智能头戴设备100中开放式扬声器模组2设计，由于声偶极子效应的影响，通过调整前声腔23与后声腔24体积的大小，能有效改善漏音，提高消费者使用的私密性，并拓宽高频的截止频率，有利于整机的音质调节。
以上所述仅为本发明的可选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种智能头戴设备(100)，包括设备壳体(1)和安装于所述设备壳体(1)内的扬声器模组(2)，所述设备壳体(1)上设有前出声孔(11)和后出声孔(12)，所述后出声孔(12)与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离大于所述前出声孔(11)与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离，其特征在于，所述扬声器模组(2)包括：
    模组壳体(21)，所述模组壳体(21)内设有安装空间(21a)，所述模组壳体(21)上设有出声孔(2113)和泄声孔(2114)，所述出声孔(2113)与所述前出声孔(11)对接连通，所述泄声孔(2114)与所述后出声孔(12)对接连通；和
    扬声器单体(22)，所述扬声器单体(22)设在所述安装空间(21a)内，所述扬声器单体(22)包括能够振动发声的振膜(221)，所述振膜(221)第一侧至所述出声孔(2113)路径上的有效容积形成前声腔(23)，所述振膜(221)第二侧至所述泄声孔(2114)路径上的有效容积形成后声腔(24)；
    其中，所述前声腔(23)的体积V1与所述后声腔(24)的体积V2满足关系式：0.42≤V1/V2≤2.5。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的智能头戴设备(100)，其特征在于，所述前声腔(23)的体积V1满足关系式：0.18cc≤V1≤0.48cc。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的智能头戴设备(100)，其特征在于，所述前出声孔(11)与所述后出声孔(12)之间的距离小于50mm，所述后出声孔(12)与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离为第一距离，所述前出声孔(11)与佩戴者的耳孔之间的距离为第二距离，所述第一距离与第二距离的差值大于5mm。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的智能头戴设备(100)，其特征在于，所述前出声孔(11)与所述后出声孔(12)被配置为在所述智能穿戴设备发声时形成声偶极子效应。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的智能头戴设备(100)，其特征在于，所述前声腔(23)的体积V1与所述后声腔(24)的体积V2满足关系式：V1/V2＝1。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的智能头戴设备(100)，其特征在于，所述模组壳体(21)包括上壳(211)和下壳(212)，所述上壳(211)包括水平设置的底板(2111)和围绕所述底板(2111)设置并朝向所述下壳(212)方向延伸的侧板(2112)，所述下壳(212)与所述侧板(2112)密封连接，所述出声孔(2113)和所述泄声孔(2114)分别设于所述侧板(2112)的两个相对侧壁上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的智能头戴设备(100)，其特征在于，所述扬声器模组(2)还包括第一辅助壳体，所述第一辅助壳体设在所述安装空间(21a)内，并与所述前声腔(23)的内壁限定出第一辅助腔体，所述第一辅助腔体与所述前声腔(23)之间通过第一通气微孔连通。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的智能头戴设备(100)，其特征在于，所述扬声器模组(2)还包括第二辅助壳体，所述第二辅助壳体设在所述安装空间(21a)内，并与所述后声腔(24)的内壁限定出第二辅助腔体，所述第二辅助腔体与所述后声腔(24)之间通过第二通气微孔连通。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的智能头戴设备(100)，其特征在于，所述扬声器单体(22)的振动系统与磁路系统共同限定出第一内腔，所述扬声器单体(22)的外壳分别与所述侧板(2112)和所述下壳(212)共同限定出第二内腔，所述第一内腔和所述第二内腔相连通共同组成所述后声腔(24)。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的智能头戴设备(100)，其特征在于，所述底板(2111)包括本体和金属片，所述本体为塑胶件，所述塑胶件与所述金属片一体注塑成型。
  11. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的智能头戴设备(100)，其特征在于，所述扬声器模组(2)还包括吸音部件，所述吸音部件设于所述前声腔(23)和/或所述后声腔(24)内，以调节所述前声腔(23)与所述后声腔(24)的体积比。
PCT/CN2022/103240 2021-07-07 2022-07-01 智能头戴设备 WO2023280058A1 (zh)

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