WO2023273338A1 - 采血针 - Google Patents

采血针 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023273338A1
WO2023273338A1 PCT/CN2022/074747 CN2022074747W WO2023273338A1 WO 2023273338 A1 WO2023273338 A1 WO 2023273338A1 CN 2022074747 W CN2022074747 W CN 2022074747W WO 2023273338 A1 WO2023273338 A1 WO 2023273338A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
needle
blood collection
cap
core
connecting ring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/074747
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨建涛
Original Assignee
天津云帆医疗器械有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202110750452.1A external-priority patent/CN114886423A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110751401.0A external-priority patent/CN113476044B/zh
Application filed by 天津云帆医疗器械有限公司 filed Critical 天津云帆医疗器械有限公司
Publication of WO2023273338A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023273338A1/zh
Priority to US18/360,008 priority Critical patent/US20230363673A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150015—Source of blood
    • A61B5/150022—Source of blood for capillary blood or interstitial fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
    • A61B5/150412—Pointed piercing elements, e.g. needles, lancets for piercing the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
    • A61B5/150503—Single-ended needles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150534—Design of protective means for piercing elements for preventing accidental needle sticks, e.g. shields, caps, protectors, axially extensible sleeves, pivotable protective sleeves
    • A61B5/150541—Breakable protectors, e.g. caps, shields or sleeves, i.e. protectors separated destructively, e.g. by breaking a connecting area
    • A61B5/150564—Protectors removed by pulling or pushing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150534—Design of protective means for piercing elements for preventing accidental needle sticks, e.g. shields, caps, protectors, axially extensible sleeves, pivotable protective sleeves
    • A61B5/15058—Joining techniques used for protective means
    • A61B5/150587—Joining techniques used for protective means by friction fit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150534—Design of protective means for piercing elements for preventing accidental needle sticks, e.g. shields, caps, protectors, axially extensible sleeves, pivotable protective sleeves
    • A61B5/150694—Procedure for removing protection means at the time of piercing
    • A61B5/150717—Procedure for removing protection means at the time of piercing manually removed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150885—Preventing re-use
    • A61B5/150908—Preventing re-use by disconnecting components, e.g. breaking or rupturing of connected parts, e.g. piston and rod
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15103—Piercing procedure
    • A61B5/15107—Piercing being assisted by a triggering mechanism
    • A61B5/15111—Semi-automatically triggered, e.g. at the end of the cocking procedure, for instance by biasing the main drive spring or when reaching sufficient contact pressure, the piercing device is automatically triggered without any deliberate action by the user
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15103—Piercing procedure
    • A61B5/15107—Piercing being assisted by a triggering mechanism
    • A61B5/15113—Manually triggered, i.e. the triggering requires a deliberate action by the user such as pressing a drive button
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15115—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids
    • A61B5/15117—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids comprising biased elements, resilient elements or a spring, e.g. a helical spring, leaf spring, or elastic strap

Definitions

  • the application relates to the field of medical blood collection instruments, in particular to a blood collection needle.
  • Blood collection needle is a kind of medical blood collection device.
  • blood collection needles include disposable blood collection needles, which can only be fired once.
  • the development of blood collection needles has a history of many years, and the improvement of blood collection needles has also gone through different stages. , but the lancet in the related art still has the problems of convenience in operation and safety in use.
  • This application aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.
  • the application proposes a blood collection needle with simple operation, reasonable structure and reliable performance.
  • the blood collection needle includes: a cylinder body, a needle core and a needle body are arranged in the cylinder body, the needle body is arranged in the needle core, and the needle point of the needle body extends from the front end of the needle core body protruding, the inner peripheral wall of the cylinder is provided with convex strips extending in the front and rear directions; the firing spring is arranged in the cylinder and stops between the cylinder and the needle core, Used to press the needle core forward; the launch sleeve, the launch sleeve has a pushing part, the launch sleeve is arranged in the cylinder and can move from the first position to the second position along the direction from front to back; connection ring, the connecting ring is arranged in the cylinder and is located behind the launch sleeve, the front end of the connecting ring is provided with teeth and tooth grooves between adjacent teeth, the rear end surface of the pushing part and the At least one of the front end surfaces of the teeth is an inclined plane.
  • the front end of the launching sleeve protrudes from the front end of the barrel, and the rear end of the raised strip engages in the tooth groove.
  • the connecting ring stops the needle core from moving forward, when the launching sleeve moves from the first position to the second position, the pushing part drives the connecting ring to After moving, the protruding bar breaks away from the tooth groove and under the pressure of the launch spring, the tooth slides relative to the pushing part so that the connecting ring rotates, so that the connecting ring releases the needle core and the The needle core is fired forward under the push of the firing spring.
  • the blood collection needle provided by the application skillfully realizes the firing of the needle core in the cylinder through the cylinder body, the firing spring, the firing sleeve and the connecting ring that interact with each other.
  • the teeth on the cylinder body, the connecting ring and the needle core stop against each other so that the needle body and its needle point are safely hidden inside the cylinder body, and the safety is high.
  • you only need to hold the cylinder body make the front end of the launch sleeve touch the skin, and move the cylinder body forward to make the launch sleeve and the cylinder body slide relative to each other, so that the needle core and the needle body can be launched. Simple, reasonable structure and reliable performance.
  • the front end of the protruding line is a bevel
  • the tooth gradually slides relative to the pushing part to engage with the bevel of the protruding bar, so that when the needle core moves forward At least one of the protruding strip and the pushing part engages in the tooth groove to stop the connecting ring from moving forward when firing.
  • both the rear end surface of the pushing part and the top surfaces of the teeth are sloped.
  • the launch sleeve includes a sleeve body, the push portion is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve body and extends backward beyond the rear end surface of the sleeve body, the push portion is a bar-shaped block, and the push portion
  • the paired pushing parts are arranged opposite to each other along the radial direction of the sleeve body, the protrusions are multiple and spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the cylinder body, and the pushing parts are slidably fitted on the adjacent Fitting grooves between the ribs.
  • a limiting part is provided on the needle core, and a stop boss is provided on the inner peripheral wall of the connecting ring, and the stop boss stops the stop part at the first position, and the stop boss stops the stop part at the first position. In the second position, the limiting portion disengages from the stop boss.
  • the rear end surface of the stopper boss is a slope
  • the inner peripheral wall of the connecting ring has a sliding guide groove between the stopper bosses.
  • the inner peripheral wall of the launch sleeve is provided with a limiting groove for limiting the extreme position of the forward movement of the needle core, and the limiting part enters the limiting position when the needle core is fired forward. slot and slide forward to the limit position along the limit slot.
  • the inner peripheral wall of the barrel is provided with a barrel chute extending in the front-rear direction
  • the needle core has sliding wings, and the sliding wings are slidably fitted in the barrel chute.
  • a step is provided on the inner peripheral wall of the barrel, and the launching sleeve has an elastic locking protrusion, and when the launching sleeve moves from the first position to the second position, the elastic locking protrusion Clamped by the step to avoid forward movement of the launch sleeve during forward firing of the stylet.
  • the blood collection needle includes a needle withdrawal spring
  • the needle withdrawal spring is arranged in the launch sleeve, the front end of the needle withdrawal spring stops against the launch sleeve, and when the needle core is fired forward, the The needle core gradually compresses the needle withdrawal spring, and after the needle core moves forward to the limit position, the needle withdrawal spring pushes the needle core to move backward so that the needle tip of the needle body retracts to the launch sleeve and/or inside the barrel.
  • the blood collection needle includes a protective cap and a needle point cap
  • the protective cap is detachably sleeved on the front end of the barrel, and the rear end of the needle point cap extends into the barrel from the front end of the barrel , the needle point is inserted into the rear end of the needle point cap, the needle point cap is set in the protective cap and linked with the protective cap, so that the protective cap drives the needle point cap when detached from the barrel Disengage the needle tip.
  • At least one of the needle point cap and the needle core has a breakable part, the front end of the needle core is integrally connected with the rear end of the needle point cap through the breakable part, and the breakable part The broken portion is broken when the protective cap drives the needle point cap to move so as to allow the needle point cap to break away from the needle point.
  • the needle point cap is separately provided from the needle core, the rear end of the needle point cap abuts against the front end of the needle core, and the protective cap is interference fit with the front end of the barrel.
  • the front end of the needle tip cap is provided with a first limiting portion
  • the inner peripheral wall of the protective cap is provided with a second limiting portion
  • the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion engage combined so that the needle point cap is linked with the protective cap.
  • first limiting portion and the second limiting portion are engaged to limit the relative translation of the needle point cap and the protective cap along the front-rear direction and the relative rotation of the protective cap along the circumferential direction.
  • the first limiting part is a slot provided on the outer peripheral wall of the needle point cap
  • the second limiting part is an elastic claw provided on the inner peripheral wall of the protective cap, and the The free ends of the elastic claws are engaged in the slots.
  • the elastic claw extends obliquely forward from the inner peripheral wall of the protective cap.
  • a plurality of locking grooves arranged at intervals around the circumference of the needle point cap, and a plurality of elastic claws are arranged at intervals around the circumference of the protective cap, and the elastic claws are one by one Correspondingly fit in the card slot.
  • a step is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the front end of the needle point cap, and a stop for stopping the step is provided on the inner peripheral wall of the protective cap.
  • the deck is fan-shaped, and there are two decks, the two decks are opposite and spaced apart from each other, the front end of the needle point cap is formed as a flat part, and the flat part fits on the two between cards.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a blood collection needle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is the first exploded view of the blood collection needle according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a second exploded view of the blood collection needle according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a first cross-sectional view of a blood collection needle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a second cross-sectional view of the blood collection needle according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a third cross-sectional view of the blood collection needle according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a fourth cross-sectional view of the blood collection needle according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a fifth cross-sectional view of the blood collection needle according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a cartridge according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a partial sectional view of a blood collection needle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a blood collection needle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 11 .
  • Fig. 13 is a partial structural diagram of a blood collection needle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a front view of Fig. 13 .
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a protective cap according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 16 is a first cross-sectional view of a protective cap according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 17 is a second cross-sectional view of the protective cap according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the blood collection needle 1 of the embodiment of the present application includes a cylinder body 10 , a firing spring 50 , a firing sleeve 60 and a connecting ring 70 .
  • the barrel 10 has opposite front and rear ends in its axial direction (the front and rear direction, as shown by the arrow A in FIG. 1 ), and the front end of the barrel 10 is used as the launch end.
  • the cylinder body 10 is provided with a needle core 40 and a needle body 110, the axial direction of the needle core 40 and the needle body 110 extends along the front-to-back direction, the needle point 111 of the needle body 110 is its front end, the needle body 110 is arranged in the needle core 40 and the needle
  • the needle tip 111 of the body 110 protrudes from the front end of the core 40 .
  • Protruding lines 120 extending along the front-to-back direction are provided on the inner peripheral wall of the cylinder body 10 .
  • the firing spring 50 is arranged in the cylinder body 10 and stops between the cylinder body 10 and the needle core 40 , and the firing spring 50 is used to press the needle core 40 forward.
  • the needle core 40 can be fired forward under the action of the firing spring 50, and the needle core 40 is fired forward to drive the needle body 110 forward, and the needle point 111 of the needle body 110 is pushed out from the front end of the cylinder body 10 to realize the blood collection function.
  • the launching sleeve 60 has a pushing part 61, and the launching sleeve 60 is arranged in the cylinder body 10 and can move from the first position to the second position along the direction from front to back, that is, the launching sleeve 60 moves backward so that it moves from the first position to the second position. second position.
  • the connecting ring 70 is arranged in the cylinder body 10 and is located behind the launching sleeve 60 , and the front end of the connecting ring 70 is provided with teeth 71 and tooth grooves 72 between adjacent teeth 71 . At least one of the rear end surface of the push portion 61 and the front end surface of the tooth 71 is an inclined surface.
  • the front end of the launching sleeve 60 protrudes from the front end of the cylinder body 10 , the rear end of the protruding strip 120 engages in the tooth groove 72 , and the connecting ring 70 stops the needle core 40 from moving forward. That is to say, the front end of the launching sleeve 60 at the first position is located outside the cylinder body 10, and the rear end of the protruding strip 120 extends backward into the tooth groove 72 of the connecting ring 70 and abuts against the groove bottom of the tooth groove 72 to form a stop. The connection ring 70 moves forward, and the connection ring 70 prevents the needle core 40 from moving forward.
  • the pushing part 61 of the launching sleeve 60 drives the connecting ring 70 to move backward by pushing the teeth 71 of the connecting ring 70, and the protruding strip 120 breaks away from the tooth groove. 72 and under the pressure of the firing spring 50 the tooth 71 slides relative to the pusher 61 so that the connecting ring 70 rotates, so that the connecting ring 70 releases the needle core 40 and the needle core 40 is fired forward under the push of the firing spring 50 .
  • the rear end surface of the pushing part 61 of the launching sleeve 60 is against the front end surface of the tooth 71 of the connecting ring 70 so that the launching sleeve 60 pushes the connecting ring 70 to move backward, and the connecting ring 70 moves backward so that the convex strip 120 gradually disengages from the tooth groove 72 , and after the convex strip 120 completely disengages from the tooth groove 72 , the convex strip 120 loses its stop on the connecting ring 70 .
  • the firing spring 50 presses the needle core 40 forward and the stopper of the connecting ring 70 to the needle core 40, and because at least one of the rear end surface of the pushing part 61 and the front end surface of the tooth 71 is an inclined plane, the raised bar 120 is completely out of the tooth groove. 72, the teeth 71 and the pusher 61 slide relative to each other. Specifically, the relative positions of the launching sleeve 60 and its pusher 61 and the cylinder 10 remain unchanged, and the connecting ring 70 and its teeth 71 rotate relative to the cylinder 10.
  • the launching sleeve 60 When the launching sleeve 60 is in the first position, its front end protrudes from the front end of the sleeve, and the rear end of the raised bar 120 of the barrel 10 engages in the tooth groove 72 of the connecting ring 70 to stop the connecting ring 70, and the connecting ring 70
  • the stop needle core 40 moves forward, and at this moment, the needle head of the needle body 110 is located inside the blood collection needle 1 , that is, the needle body 110 is in a non-firing state.
  • make the front end of the launching sheath 60 press the skin, hold the cylinder 10 and push the cylinder 10 forward (close to the skin), the launching sheath 60 moves backward relative to the cylinder 10 and moves from the first position to the second position.
  • the rear end surface of the pushing part 61 of the launching sleeve 60 is against the front end surface of the teeth 71 of the connecting ring 70 so that the launching sleeve 60 pushes the connecting ring 70 backwards, and finally the protruding strip 120 breaks away from the tooth groove 72 completely, and the firing spring Under the pressure of 50, the tooth 71 slides relative to the pusher 61. Since at least one of the rear end surface of the pusher 61 and the front end of the tooth 71 is an inclined plane, the sliding of the tooth 71 of the connecting ring 70 relative to the pusher 61 is expressed as a connection.
  • the ring 70 rotates, and the rotation of the connecting ring 70 makes it release the needle core 40, the needle core 40 is fired forward under the promotion of the firing spring 50, and the needle is fired from the front and from each of the firing sleeve 60 and the barrel 10.
  • the front end is exposed, and is inserted into the skin in front of the launching sleeve 60 to realize blood collection.
  • the firing of the needle core 40 in the cylinder body 10 is skillfully realized through the interaction of the cylinder body 10 , the firing spring 50 , the firing sleeve 60 and the connecting ring 70 .
  • the teeth 71 on the cylinder body 10 , the connecting ring 70 and the needle core 40 stop against each other so that the needle body 110 and its needle tip 111 are safely hidden inside the cylinder body 10 with high safety.
  • it is only necessary to hold the cylinder body 10 make the front end of the launcher 60 touch the skin, and move the cylinder 10 forward so that the launcher 60 and the cylinder 10 slide relative to each other, and the needle core 40 can be realized.
  • the launching of the needle body 110 is simple in operation, reasonable in structure and reliable in performance.
  • the inner peripheral wall of the cylinder body 10 is provided with four protruding lines 120 extending in the front and rear directions, and the four protruding lines 120 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the cylinder body 10, between adjacent protruding lines 120 A fitting groove 121 extending in the front-rear direction is formed.
  • the front end surface of the protruding strip 120 is an inclined surface.
  • the inclined surface of the bar 120 engages in such a position that at least one of the raised bar 120 and the pushing portion 61 engages in the tooth groove 72 to stop the connecting ring 70 from moving forward when the needle core 40 is fired forward.
  • the number of protruding lines 120 may be more than four, which is not limited here, and the plurality of protruding lines 120 are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the cylinder body 10 and are not limited to be equally spaced.
  • the raised lines 120 are arranged in pairs, and the paired raised lines 120 are arranged opposite to each other along the radial direction of the cylinder body 10 .
  • the rear end surface of the pushing part 61 and the top surface of the teeth 71 are both inclined surfaces. Moreover, the rear end surface of the pushing part 61 and the top surface of the teeth 71 are inclined surfaces that cooperate with each other. Furthermore, the angle of inclination between the rear end surface of the push portion 61 and the top surface of the tooth 71 is the same as the inclination angle of the front end surface of the protrusion 120 .
  • the launching sleeve 60 includes a sleeve body 62
  • the pushing portion 61 is a bar-shaped block.
  • the front end of the block-shaped pushing portion 61 is connected to the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve body 62 and protrudes outward relative to the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve body 62
  • the rear end of the pushing portion 61 is located behind the rear end surface of the sleeve body 62, that is, pushing A part of the portion 61 protrudes backward relative to the rear section of the sleeve body 62 .
  • the pushing part 61 is slidably fitted in the fitting groove 121 formed by the protruding strip 120 on the inner peripheral wall of the barrel 10.
  • the pushing part 61 moves along the fitting groove 121.
  • the groove 121 slides backward, and the matching groove 121 plays a guiding role, and is used to limit the rotation of the launching sleeve 60 .
  • the cooperation of the pushing part 61 and the matching groove 121 facilitates the assembly of the launching sleeve 60.
  • the launching sleeve 60 When the launching sleeve 60 is assembled, the launching sleeve 60 is loaded into the cylindrical body 10 from the rear end of the cylinder body 10 until the launching sleeve 60 The front end protrudes from the front end of the cylinder body 10 , and when the launching sleeve 60 moves from back to front, the pushing part 61 is automatically introduced into any matching groove 121 and slides forward along the matching groove 121 .
  • the pushing parts 61 are arranged in pairs, and the pair of pushing parts 61 are arranged opposite to each other along the radial direction of the sleeve body 62 .
  • the launch sleeve 60 has two pushing portions 61 arranged opposite to each other along the radial direction of the sleeve body 62 .
  • the front end of the pushing portion 61 is tapered so as to be better introduced into the matching groove 121 during the assembly process of the launching sleeve 60 .
  • the connecting ring 70 has a plurality of teeth 71 and is evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the connecting ring 70, as shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12, the connecting ring 70 in this embodiment has four teeth 71 evenly spaced along its circumferential direction .
  • the front end surfaces of the teeth 71 are inclined surfaces. It can be understood that, in this embodiment, the front end surface of the tooth 71 and the groove bottom surface of the tooth groove 72 share a surface.
  • the length of the front end surface (inclined surface) of the tooth 71 is equal to the sum of the lengths of the rear end surface (inclined surface) of the protrusion 120 and the rear section surface of the pushing portion 61 (inclined surface). It can be understood that the "length” here refers to the length of the slope in its extending direction.
  • the structures of the teeth 71 and the tooth grooves 72 of the connecting ring 70 in this embodiment enable 360° automatic guidance into position when assembled into the cylinder body 10 .
  • the connecting ring 70 When the connecting ring 70 is assembled, it is loaded from the rear end of the cylinder body 10 from the back to the front. Since the front end face of the teeth 71 of the connecting ring 70 is a slope, the connecting ring 70 can be automatically connected to any cylinder body 10.
  • the protrusions 120 are engaged without prior alignment, and no additional guiding measures are required, so that the lancet 1 can be assembled conveniently and quickly.
  • the launching process of the blood collection needle 1 in this embodiment will be described in detail below.
  • a push portion 61 on the launching sleeve 60 fits into the fitting groove 121 formed between the first protruding bar 122 and the second protruding bar 123 .
  • the rear end surface of the pushing portion 61 is located in front of the rear end surface of the first protruding strip 122 and is flush with it along the extending direction.
  • Each of the rear end surface of the first protrusion 122 and the rear end surface of the pushing portion 61 abuts against the front end surface of the tooth 71 .
  • the meshing surface 73 that links to each other with the rear end of the front end surface of the tooth 71 is the first meshing surface 731
  • the meshing surface 73 that links to each other with the front end of the front end surface of the tooth 71 is the second meshing surface 732.
  • One engaging surface 731 abuts, and the side surface of the second protruding strip 123 abuts against the second engaging surface 732.
  • the connecting ring 70 is limited in the forward direction by the common abutting action of the first convex strip 122 and the second convex strip 123 .
  • the pushing part 61 moves backward along the matching groove 121, and the rear end surface of the pushing part 61 is against the front end surface of the tooth 71 so that under the driving of the pushing part 61, the connecting ring 70 Moving backward, the rear end surface of the first protrusion 122 is separated from the front end surface of the tooth 71 .
  • the first engaging surface 731 slides backward along the side of the first protruding bar 122
  • the second engaging surface 732 slides backward along the side of the second protruding bar 123 , under the guidance of the first protruding bar 122 and the second protruding bar 123 , both the launching sleeve 60 and the connecting ring 70 are limited in the circumferential direction, that is, neither of them can rotate.
  • the first engaging surface 731 is completely disengaged from the first protruding strip 122
  • the second engaging surface 732 is completely disengaging from the second protruding strip 123
  • the first protruding strip 122 and the second protruding strip 123 are completely disengaged from the tooth groove 72 .
  • the rear end surface of the pushing portion 61 is located behind the rear end surface of the second protruding strip 123 and is flush with it along the extending direction.
  • the front end surface of the tooth 71 slides relative to the rear end surface of the pushing part 61, and the front end surface of the tooth 71 gradually slides to the rear end surface of the second convex strip 123 and slides until the front end surface of the tooth 71 Opposite to the rear end surface of the second protruding strip 123 and the rear end surface of the pushing part 61, the first engaging surface 731 abuts against the side of the pushing part 61, and the second protruding strip 123 and the pushing part 61 jointly stop against the tooth 71 to prevent it from continuing to slide .
  • the connecting ring 70 appears to rotate forward. The rotation of the connecting ring 70 releases the needle core 40 and the needle core 40 is fired forward under the push of the firing spring 50 .
  • the needle core 40 is provided with a limiting part 41
  • the inner peripheral wall of the connecting ring 70 is provided with a stopper boss 74
  • the stopper boss 74 stops the stopper 41 at the first position.
  • the limiting portion 41 disengages from the stop boss 74 .
  • the front end of the firing spring 50 abuts against the rear end of the limiting portion 41 so that the firing spring 50 presses the needle core 40 forward.
  • the front end of the stopper 41 stops against the rear end of the stop boss 74, so that the connecting ring 70 drives the needle core 40 to move backward, and the needle core 40 moves backward.
  • the connecting ring 70 rotates to disengage the limiting portion 41 from the stop boss 74 , and the needle core 40 is no longer limited by the connecting ring 70 and is pushed forward by the firing spring 50 .
  • four stop bosses 74 are arranged on the connecting ring 70, and the four stop bosses 74 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Section 41.
  • the rear end surface of the stop boss 74 is an inclined surface, so that when the connecting ring 70 rotates, the limiting portion 41 can be more smoothly disengaged from the stop boss 74 .
  • the stop bosses 74 on the inner peripheral wall of the connecting ring 70 are strip-shaped and extend along the front-to-rear direction, and sliding guide grooves 75 are formed between adjacent stop bosses 74. It can be understood that the sliding The guide groove 75 extends in the front-rear direction.
  • the inner peripheral wall of the launching sleeve 60 is provided with a limit groove 63 extending in the front-rear direction.
  • the limit groove 63 is opposite to the sliding guide groove 75 in the front-rear direction.
  • the limit There are two positioning slots 63 that are radially opposite to the sleeve body 62 , and the two positioning slots 63 correspond to the two pushing portions 61 of the launching sleeve 60 one by one. In other embodiments, there may be four limiting slots 63 corresponding to the four sliding guide slots 75 one-to-one.
  • the limit groove 63 is used to limit the limit position of the forward movement of the needle core 40 .
  • the limiting part 41 enters the limiting groove 63 and slides forward along the limiting groove 63 to a limit position.
  • the limit position of the needle core 40 refers to its most forward position when firing forward.
  • the front end of the needle core 40 is flush with the front end of the launch sleeve 60, and the needle point 111 is completely exposed from the front end of the launch sleeve 60.
  • the front end of the stopper 41 on the needle core 40 Stop against the bottom of the limiting groove 63.
  • the needle core 40 and the cylinder body 10 are positioned at the upper limit of the circumference of the cylinder body 10 .
  • the inner peripheral wall of the barrel 10 is provided with a barrel chute 130 extending in the front-rear direction, and the needle core 40 has a sliding wing 42 , and the sliding wing 42 is slidably fitted in the barrel chute 130 .
  • the needle core 40 moves backward, and the sliding wing 42 slides backward along the barrel sliding groove 130 .
  • the rotation of the needle core 40 is limited, so that the limiting part 41 on the needle core 40 can be disengaged from the stopper boss 74 smoothly.
  • a step portion 140 is provided on the inner peripheral wall of the cylinder body 10, and the launching sleeve 60 has an elastic locking protrusion 64.
  • the elastic locking protrusion 64 is caught by the step portion 140 so that Prevent firing sheath 60 from moving forward during forward firing of stylet 40 .
  • four stepped portions 140 are arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the cylinder body 10 , and the four stepped portions 140 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction.
  • the locking protrusions 64 are opposite in the radial direction.
  • the elastic locking protrusions 64 are connected to the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve body 62 and extend outward from the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve body 62 .
  • the elastic locking protrusions 64 can produce elastic deformation.
  • the elastic protrusion 64 is located behind the step portion 140 and abuts against the step surface of the step portion 140 forward, so as to prevent the launching sleeve 60 from moving forward when the needle core 40 is fired. And after the needle core 40 is fired, the elastic locking protrusion 64 is still stuck on the step portion 140 so that the firing sleeve 60 will not slide forward relative to the barrel 10 .
  • the blood collection needle 1 further includes a needle withdrawal spring 80 , which is arranged in the launch sleeve 60 , and the front end of the needle withdrawal spring 80 stops against the launch sleeve 60 .
  • the needle withdrawal spring 80 can be in a freely stretched state.
  • the needle core 40 when the needle core 40 is fired forward, the needle core 40 gradually compresses the retracting needle spring 80, and when the needle core 40 moves forward to the limit position, the retracting needle spring 80 pushes the needle core 40 to move backward so that the needle body The needle tip 111 of 110 is retracted into the launch sheath 60 and/or barrel 10 .
  • the needle core 40 When the needle core 40 moved forward to the limit position, the backward force applied by the needle core 40 by the needle core 40 was greater than the forward force applied by the firing spring 50 to the needle core 40, and under the action of the needle core 80, The needle core 40 starts to move backward until the needle point 111 is retracted into the launcher sleeve 60, so that after the blood collection needle 1 is used, the needle point 111 will not be exposed to cause unnecessary harm to personnel, avoiding cross-infection, and improving the efficiency of blood collection. Pin 1 for safety features.
  • the blood collection needle 1 includes a protective cap 20 and a needle point cap 30 .
  • the protective cap 20 is detachably sleeved on the front end of the cylinder 10 , that is, the protective cap 20 has two states: being sleeved on the front end of the cylinder 10 and detached from the front end of the cylinder 10 . It can be understood that if the protective cap 20 is detached from the front end of the barrel 10 , the protective cap 20 needs to be moved forward.
  • the rear end of the needle point cap 30 extends into the cylinder body 10 from the front end of the cylinder body 10 , and the needle point 111 protruding from the needle core 40 is inserted into the rear end of the needle point cap 30 , and the needle point cap 30 is used to protect the needle point 111 .
  • the needle point cap 30 is arranged in the protective cap 20, and the needle point cap 30 is linked with the protective cap 20 so that the protective cap 20 drives the needle point cap 30 to break away from the needle tip 111 when the protective cap 20 is separated from the cylinder body 10, that is to say, the protective cap 20 is separated from the front end of the cylinder body 10.
  • the detachment of the top can drive the needle tip cap 30 to break away from the needle tip 111 so that the needle tip 111 is exposed.
  • the protective cap 20 is sleeved on the front end of the cylinder body 10 and the needle point 111 is located in the needle point cap 30 to play a protective role.
  • the front end of the needle is disengaged (the protective cap 20 is pulled out forward) so as to drive the needle point cap 30 to break away from the needle point 111 forward, and the needle point 111 is exposed.
  • the blood collection needle 1 utilizes the linked protective cap 20 and the needle point cap 30 to protect and expose the needle tip 111 of the needle body 110; In this way, the needle point cap 30 is driven away from the needle point 111 to realize the exposure of the needle point 111, and the operation is simple, fast and reliable. Moreover, when the blood collection needle 1 is ready to be used, the needle point 111 is inserted into the rear end of the needle point cap 30 , that is, it is located in the needle point cap 30 , so that there will be no problem of injury caused by misfiring. Therefore, the lancet 1 provided by the present application also has the advantage of good safety performance.
  • the needle point cap 30 and the needle core 40 are provided separately, the rear end of the needle point cap 30 is against the front end of the needle core 40 , and the protective cap 20 is in interference fit with the front end of the barrel 10 .
  • the interference fit between the protective cap 20 and the front end of the cylinder body 10 can prevent the protection cap 20 from easily detaching from the cylinder body 10, and the operator needs to use a certain force to pull the protection cap 20 from the cylinder body 10. The safety of the lancet 1 is guaranteed.
  • At least one of the needle point cap 30 and the needle core 40 has a breakable portion 31 , and the front end of the needle core 40 is integrally connected with the rear end of the needle point cap 30 through the breakable portion 31 . That is, the needle point cap 30 and the needle core 40 are integrally formed, and the connection between the needle point cap 30 and the needle core 40 is a breakable part 31, and the breakable part 31 is broken when the protective cap 20 drives the needle point cap 30 to move to allow the needle point cap 30 to detach Needle tip 111. That is to say, the breakable part 31 can function to connect the needle point cap 30 and the needle core 40 , and can also be disconnected when the protective cap 20 drives the needle point cap 30 to move.
  • the protective cap 20 may not be in an interference fit with the front end of the barrel 10, because the needle point cap 30 and the needle core 40 are integrally formed, and the protective cap 20 will not be easily detached from the barrel under the action of the needle point cap 30 10.
  • the operator can disconnect the breakable part 31 by rotating the protective cap 20 more quickly and with less effort, and pull off the protective cap 20 .
  • the front end of the needle point cap 30 is provided with a first limiting portion
  • the inner peripheral wall of the protective cap 20 is provided with a second limiting portion
  • the first The limiting part is engaged with the second limiting part so that the protective cap 20 and the needle tip cap 30 are limited to each other to realize linkage.
  • first limiting portion and the second limiting portion are engaged to limit the relative translation of the needle point cap 30 and the protective cap 20 in the front-rear direction and the relative rotation of the protective cap 20 in the circumferential direction. That is to say, since the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion are engaged with each other, the needle point cap 30 and the protective cap 20 are limited to each other in the front-back direction, and are limited to each other in the circumferential direction around the protective cap 20, realizing A more reliable linkage relationship between the needle point cap 30 and the protective cap 20 is achieved. Rotating the protective cap 20 can drive the rotation of the needle point cap 30 , and moving the protective cap 20 forward can drive the needle point cap 30 to move forward.
  • the needle point cap 30 of the blood collection needle 1 in this embodiment has a breakable portion 31 , and the front end of the needle core 40 is integrally connected with the rear end of the needle point cap 30 through the breakable portion 31 .
  • Most of the needle body 110 is embedded in the needle core 40 , and the needle tip 111 protruding from the front end of the needle core 40 is located in the needle point cap 30 .
  • the breakable part 31 is broken when the protective cap 20 drives the needle point cap 30 to move, that is, the needle point cap 30 and the needle core 40 are separated. exposed.
  • the operator can drive the needle point cap 30 to rotate by rotating the protective cap 20 , and the needle point cap 30 rotates relative to the needle core 40 to disconnect the breakable part 31 more quickly and with less effort.
  • the protective cap 20 may or may not have an interference fit with the front end of the barrel 10 . This is because the needle point cap 30 and the needle core 40 are integrally formed. Under the action of the needle point cap 30 , even if the protective cap 20 does not interfere with the front end of the cylinder body 10 , the protection cap 20 will not be easily detached from the cylinder body 10 .
  • the inner diameter of the protective cap 20 is equal to the outer diameter of the front end of the barrel 10, so as to prevent the protective cap 20 from shaking relative to the barrel 10 and make it easier to separate the protective cap 20 from the barrel 10, reducing the burden on the operator.
  • the rear end of the needle point cap 30 extends into the cylinder body 10, and its front end is located outside the cylinder body 10.
  • the second limiting part engaged with the first limiting part.
  • the first limiting portion is a slot 32 provided on the outer peripheral wall of the needle tip cap 30
  • the second limiting portion is an elastic claw 21 provided on the inner peripheral wall of the protective cap 20
  • the elastic claw 21 Extends inward from the inner peripheral wall of the protection cap 20 , and its free end engages in the slot 32 .
  • the linkage between the protective cap 20 and the needle point cap 30 is realized through the engagement of the elastic claw 21 and the locking groove 32.
  • the relative translation of the needle point cap 30 and the protective cap 20 in the front and rear direction and the movement along the protective cap 20 are realized.
  • Relative rotation in the circumferential direction that is, the rotation of the protective cap 20 can drive the rotation of the needle point cap 30
  • the translation of the protective cap 20 in the front and rear directions can drive the translation of the needle point cap 30 .
  • the elastic claw 21 extends obliquely forward from the inner peripheral wall of the protective cap 20 .
  • the protective cap 20 is moved backward relative to the needle point cap 30, and the elastic claws 21 are deformed and finally snapped into the slots 32 on the needle point cap 30, so that the blood collection needle 1 provided by this embodiment has The advantages of convenient assembly and reasonable structure.
  • the needle point cap 30 is provided with two locking grooves 32, and the two locking grooves 32 are opposite in the radial direction of the needle point cap 30, and the protective cap 20 is provided with two elastic claws 21, and the two elastic The claws 21 face up and down in the radial direction of the protective cap 20 , and the elastic claws 21 fit into the grooves 32 in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the number of clamping grooves 32 and elastic claws 21 can be more than two, multiple clamping grooves 32 are arranged at intervals around the circumference of the needle point cap 30, and multiple elastic clamps The claws 21 are arranged at intervals around the circumference of the protective cap 20 , and the elastic claws 21 fit into the slots 32 one by one.
  • a step 33 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the front end of the needle point cap 30 , and a stop 22 for stopping the step 33 is provided on the inner peripheral wall of the protective cap 20 .
  • the card table 22 includes two and both are fan-shaped, the two card tables 22 are opposite to each other and spaced apart in the radial direction of the protective cap 20, the front end of the needle point cap 30 is formed as a flat part 34, and the flat part 34 fits Between the two decks 22.
  • two opposite steps 33 are provided on the peripheral wall of the front end of the needle point cap 30 , so that a flat portion 34 is formed at the front end of the needle point cap 30 , and the flat portion 34 has two opposite sides.
  • the flat portion 34 fits between the two card platforms 22 so that the two side faces are respectively opposite to the free ends of the two card platforms 22 .
  • the arrangement above further improves the mutual limiting relationship between the protective cap 20 and the needle point cap 30 in the circumferential direction around the protective cap 20 , making the mechanism of the blood collection needle 1 more reasonable.
  • the needle core 40 should not rotate with the needle point cap 30 .
  • the needle core 40 and the cylinder body 10 are positioned at the upper limit of the cylinder body 10 in the circumferential direction.
  • the inner peripheral wall of the cylinder 10 is provided with a cylinder chute 130 extending in the front-rear direction, and the needle core 40 has a sliding wing 42 , and the sliding wing 42 is slidably fitted in the cylinder chute 130 . Since the sliding wing 42 fits in the sliding groove 130 of the barrel, the needle core 40 is restricted from rotating.
  • the blood collection needle 1 is in the non-emission state
  • the protective cap 20 is sleeved on the cylinder body 10
  • the needle point 111 extends into the rear end of the needle point cap 30
  • the launch sleeve 60 is located at the first position
  • the front end of the launch sleeve 60 is from the The front end of the barrel 10 protrudes
  • the rear end of the protruding strip 120 engages in the tooth groove 72
  • the front end of the limiting portion 41 of the needle core 40 abuts against the stop boss 74 of the connecting ring 70 .
  • the protective cap 20 is rotated to drive the needle point cap 30 to rotate.
  • the sliding wing 42 fits in the chute 130 of the cylinder body, the needle core 40 and the cylinder body 1 limit each other in the circumferential direction, and the needle core 40 and the needle body 111 do not rotate.
  • the needle point cap 30 rotates relative to the needle core 40, the breakable part 31 is disconnected, and the protective cap 20 moves forward to break away from the barrel 10.
  • the needle point cap 30 moves forward relative to the needle core 40.
  • the needle point 111 in the cap 30 moves backward relative to the needle point cap 30 , gradually disengages from the needle point cap 30 , and finally reaches the completely disengaged state in FIG. 5 , at this time, the needle point 111 is exposed.
  • the pushing part 61 of the launching sleeve 60 pushes the tooth 71 of the connecting ring 70 backward so that the connecting ring 70 moves backward, and the front end of the limiting part 41 of the needle core 40 abuts against the stop protrusion of the connecting ring 70
  • the needle core 40 moves backward under the stop of the connecting ring 70 and compresses the firing spring 50 .
  • the elastic protrusion 64 of the launching sleeve 60 is locked on the step portion 140 of the barrel 10 , and the step portion 140 restricts the forward movement of the launching sleeve 60 .
  • the convex strip 120 is completely disengaged from the tooth groove 72. Under the pressure of the firing spring 50, the front end surface of the tooth 71 slides relative to the rear end surface of the pushing part 61, and at the same time the tooth 71 slides forward gradually along the inclined rear end surface of the convex strip 120. , the connecting ring 70 was previously rotated.
  • the sliding guide groove 75 on the connecting ring 70 is opposite to the limiting groove 63 on the launching sleeve 60 in the front-rear direction. Since the sliding wing 42 of the needle core 40 fits in the cylinder chute 130 of the cylinder body 10, the needle core 40 will not slide relative to the cylinder body 10, so the stopper 41 of the needle core 40 is lifted from the stop boss 74 break away. Under the pressure of the launch spring 50, the needle core 40 is launched forward, and the stop portion 41 of the needle core 40 slides forward along the slide guide groove 75 and the limit groove 63 until it reaches the bottom of the limit groove 63 as shown in Fig. 7 status. In FIG.
  • the needle core 40 is fired forward to reach the limit position, and the needle of the needle body 110 is exposed from the front end of the launch sheath 60 , and the needle is inserted into the skin because the front end of the launch sheath 60 is against the skin. Moreover, during the forward firing process of the needle core 40 , the front end of the limiting portion 41 presses the rear end of the retracting spring 80 to compress the retracting spring 80 .
  • needle core 40 moves backward under the effect of needle withdrawal spring 80, until reaching the state of Figure 8, as shown in Figure 8, needle core 40 moves backward under the effect of needle withdrawal spring 80. Move backward under the action of the needle until the needle retracts into the launch sleeve 60.
  • the blood collection needle 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application is a disposable blood collection needle.
  • the blood collection needle 1 includes a rear cover 90 , and the rear cover 90 is used for loading from the rear end of the cylinder body 10 to cover the rear end opening of the cylinder body 10 .
  • the assembling process of the blood collection needle 1 according to the embodiment of the present application will be described below by taking FIG. 4 as an example.
  • the launch sleeve 60, the needle spring 80, the connecting ring 70, the needle core 40, and the launch spring 50 are respectively loaded into the cylinder body 10 from the rear end of the cylinder body 10 from back to front, and the front end of the launch sleeve 60 is moved from the The front end of the cylinder body 10 protrudes, and the firing spring 50 is located at the first position.
  • the front end of the needle point cap 30 protrudes from the front end of the firing sheath 60 .
  • the rear cover 90 is fitted from the rear end of the cylinder body 10 to cover the rear end opening of the cylinder body 10 .
  • the protective cap 20 is sleeved on the front end of the barrel 10 from front to back, so that the elastic claws 21 of the protective cap 20 engage with the slots 32 of the needle point cap 30, and the flat part 34 of the front end of the needle point cap 30 fits in the protective Between the two decks 22 of the cap 20, the assembly is completed.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features.
  • the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
  • “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • a first feature being "on” or “under” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are indirect through an intermediary. touch.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “beneath” and “beneath” the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.
  • the terms “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “example,” “specific examples,” or “some examples” mean specific features, structures, materials, or features described in connection with the embodiment or examples. Features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification without conflicting with each other.

Abstract

本申请公开了一种安全采血针，包括筒体、发射簧、发射套和连接环。发射套设在筒体内且沿从前向后的方向能够从第一位置移动到第二位置。在第一位置，发射套的前端从筒体的前端伸出、凸条的后端接合在齿槽内且连接环止挡住针芯向前移动，当发射套从第一位置移动到第二位置时，推动部通过推动齿驱动连接环向后移动、凸条脱离齿槽且在发射簧的压迫下齿相对于推动部滑动以便连接环转动，从而连接环释放针芯且针芯在发射簧的推动下向前发射。根据本发明的安全采血针，通过彼此作用的筒体、发射簧、发射套和连接环，巧妙地实现了筒体内针芯的发射，且操作简单，结构合理，性能可靠。

Description

采血针
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求申请号为202110750452.1、申请日为2021年7月02日的中国专利申请以及申请号为202110751401.0、申请日为2021年7月02日的中国专利申请的优先权和权益，上述中国专利申请的全部内容在此通过引用并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及医用采血器械领域，具体涉及一种采血针。
背景技术
采血针是一种医用采血器械，相关技术中，采血针包括一次性采血针，一次性采血针只可发射一次，采血针的发展已有多年历史，其中对采血针的改进也经历了不同阶段，但相关技术中的采血针仍然存在操作便利性以及使用安全性的问题。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，本申请提出一种操作简单，结构合理，性能可靠的采血针。
本申请提供的采血针包括：筒体，所述筒体中设有针芯和针体，所述针体设于所述针芯中且所述针体的针尖从所述针芯体的前端伸出，所述筒体的内周壁上设有沿前后方向延伸的凸条；发射簧，所述发射簧设在所述筒体内且止抵在所述筒体和所述针芯之间，用于向前压迫所述针芯；发射套，所述发射套具有推动部，所述发射套设在所述筒体内且沿从前向后的方向能够从第一位置移动到第二位置；连接环，所述连接环设在所述筒体内且位于所述发射套的后面，所述连接环的前端设有齿和位于相邻齿之间的齿槽，所述推动部的后端面和所述齿的前端面中的至少一者为斜面，在所述第一位置，所述发射套的前端从所述筒体的前端伸出、所述凸条的后端接合在所述齿槽内且所述连接环止挡住所述针芯向前移动，当所述发射套从所述第一位置移动到所述第二位置时，所述推动部通过推动所述齿驱动所述连接环向后移动、所述凸条脱离所述齿槽且在所述发射簧的压迫下所述齿相对于所述推动部滑动以便所述连接环转动，从而所述连接环释放所述针芯且所述针芯在所述发射簧的推动下向前发射。
本申请提供的采血针通过彼此作用的筒体、发射簧、发射套和连接环，巧妙地实现筒 体内针芯的发射。当未使用采血针时，筒体上的齿、连接环以及针芯的彼此止抵使针体及其针尖安全地隐藏在筒体内部，安全性高。在使用采血针时，仅需手握筒体，使发射套的前端抵住皮肤，并向前移动筒体使发射套与筒体发生相对滑动，即可实现针芯连带针体的发射，操作简单，结构合理，性能可靠。
可选地，所述凸条的前端面为斜面，在所述第二位置，所述齿相对于所述推动部逐渐滑动到与所述凸条的斜面接合，以便在所述针芯向前发射时所述凸条和所述推动部中的至少一者接合在所述齿槽内以止挡住所述连接环向前移动。
可选地，所述推动部的后端面和所述齿的顶面均为斜面。
可选地，所述发射套包括套体，所述推动部设在所述套体外周壁上且向后延伸超出所述套体的后端面，所述推动部为条状块，所述推动部成对设置且成对的推动部沿所述套体的径向相对设置，所述凸条为多个且沿所述筒体的周向间隔分布，所述推动部可滑动地配合在相邻凸条之间的配合槽内。
可选地，所述齿为多个且沿所述连接环的周向均匀间隔分布。
可选地，所述针芯上设有限位部，所述连接环的内周壁上设有止挡凸台，在所述第一位置所述止挡凸台止挡住所述限位部，在所述第二位置，所述限位部脱离所述止挡凸台。
可选地，所述止挡凸台的后端面为斜面，所述连接环的内周壁上具有位于所述止挡凸台之间的滑动导槽，在所述针芯向前发射时，所述限位部沿所述滑动导槽向前滑动。
可选地，所述发射套的内周壁上设有用于限制所述针芯向前移动的极限位置的限位槽，在所述针芯向前发射时所述限位部进入所述限位槽且沿所述限位槽向前滑动到所述极限位置。
可选地，所述筒体的内周壁上设有沿前后方向延伸的筒体滑槽，所述针芯具有滑动翼，所述滑动翼可滑动地配合在所述筒体滑槽中。
可选地，所述筒体的内周壁上设有台阶部，所述发射套具有弹性卡凸，在所述发射套从所述第一位置移动所述第二位置时，所述弹性卡凸由所述台阶部卡住以避免在针芯向前发射期间所述发射套向前移动。
可选地，采血针包括退针簧，所述退针簧设在所述发射套内，所述退针簧的前端止抵所述发射套，在所述针芯向前发射时，所述针芯逐渐压缩所述退针簧，在所述针芯向前移动到极限位置后所述退针簧推动所述针芯向后移动以使所述针体的针尖缩回到所述发射套和/或所述筒体内。
可选地，采血针包括保护帽和针尖帽，所述保护帽可脱离地套设在所述筒体的前端，所述针尖帽的后端从所述筒体的前端伸入所述筒体内，所述针尖插入所述针尖帽的后端内，所述针尖帽设在所述保护帽内且与所述保护帽联动，以便所述保护帽在脱离所述筒体时带 动所述针尖帽脱离所述针尖。
可选地，所述针尖帽和所述针芯中的至少一者具有易断部，所述针芯的前端与所述针尖帽的后端通过所述易断部一体地相连，所述易断部在所述保护帽带动所述针尖帽运动时断开以允许所述针尖帽脱离所述针尖。
可选地，所述针尖帽与所述针芯分体设置，所述针尖帽的后端与所述针芯的前端相抵，所述保护帽与所述筒体的前端过盈配合。
可选地，所述针尖帽的前端设有第一限位部，所述保护帽的内周壁上设有第二限位部，所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部卡合以便所述针尖帽与所述保护帽联动。
可选地，所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部卡合以限制所述针尖帽和所述保护帽沿前后方向相对平移和沿所述保护帽的周向相对转动。
可选地，所述第一限位部为设在所述针尖帽的外周壁上的卡槽，所述第二限位部为设置所述保护帽的内周壁上的弹性卡爪，所述弹性卡爪的自由端卡合在所述卡槽内。
可选地，所述弹性卡爪从所述保护帽的内周壁向前倾斜地延伸。
可选地，所述卡槽为多个且绕所述针尖帽的周向间隔设置，所述弹性卡爪为多个且绕所述保护帽的周向间隔设置，所述弹性卡爪一一对应地配合在所述卡槽中。
可选地，所述针尖帽的前端的外周壁上设有台阶，所述保护帽的内周壁上设有用于止挡所述台阶的卡台。
可选地，所述卡台为扇形，所述卡台为两个，两个卡台彼此相对且间隔开，所述针尖帽的前端形成为扁平部，所述扁平部配合在两个所述卡台之间。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请实施例的采血针的示意图。
图2是根据本申请实施例的采血针的爆炸图一。
图3是根据本申请实施例的采血针的爆炸图二。
图4是根据本申请实施例的采血针的截面图一。
图5是根据本申请实施例的采血针的截面图二。
图6是根据本申请实施例的采血针的截面图三。
图7是根据本申请实施例的采血针的截面图四。
图8是根据本申请实施例的采血针的截面图五。
图9是根据本申请实施例的筒体的截面图。
图10是根据本申请实施例的采血针的部分截面图。
图11是根据本申请实施例的采血针的部分结构示意图。
图12是图11的截面图。
图13是根据本申请实施例的采血针的部分结构示意图。
图14是图13的正视图。
图15是根据本申请实施例的保护帽的结构示意图。
图16是根据本申请实施例的保护帽的截面图一。
图17是根据本申请实施例的保护帽的截面图二。
附图标记：
1、采血针；10、筒体；110、针体；111、针尖；120、凸条；121、配合槽；122、第一凸条；123、第二凸条；130、筒体滑槽；140、台阶部；20、保护帽；21、弹性卡爪；22、卡台；30、针尖帽；31、易断部；32、卡槽；33、台阶；34、扁平部；40、针芯；41、限位部；42、滑动翼；50、发射簧；60、发射套；61、推动部；62、套体；63、限位槽；64、弹性卡凸；70、连接环；71、齿；72、齿槽；73、啮合面；731、第一啮合面；732、第二啮合面；74、止挡凸台；75、滑动导槽；80、退针簧；90、后盖。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
下面根据图1-图17描述本申请的实施例的采血针1。本申请实施例的采血针1包括筒体10、发射簧50、发射套60和连接环70。
筒体10在其轴向(前后方向，前后方向如图1中的箭头A所示)上具有相对的前端和后端，筒体10的前端作为发射端。筒体10中设有针芯40和针体110，针芯40和针体110的轴向沿前后方向延伸，针体110的针尖111为其前端，针体110设于针芯40中且针体110的针尖111从针芯40的前端伸出。筒体10的内周壁上设有沿前后方向延伸的凸条120。发射簧50设在筒体10内且止抵在筒体10和针芯40之间，发射簧50用于向前压迫针芯40。针芯40在发射簧50的作用下能够向前发射，针芯40向前发射以带动针体110向前，针体110的针尖111从筒体10的前端击出以实现采血功能。
发射套60具有推动部61，发射套60设在筒体10内且沿从前向后的方向能够从第一位置移动到第二位置，即发射套60向后移动以便其从第一位置移动到第二位置。连接环70设在筒体10内且位于发射套60的后面，连接环70的前端设有齿71和位于相邻齿71之间的齿槽72。推动部61的后端面和齿71的前端面中的至少一者为斜面。
在第一位置，发射套60的前端从筒体10的前端伸出、凸条120的后端接合在齿槽72内且连接环70止挡住针芯40向前移动。也就是说，位于第一位置的发射套60的前端位于筒体10外，凸条120的后端向后伸入连接环70的齿槽72内且与齿槽72的槽底相抵以止 挡连接环70向前移动，并且，连接环70阻止针芯40向前移动。
当发射套60向后移动以便其从第一位置移动到第二位置时，发射套60的推动部61通过推动连接环70的齿71从而驱动连接环70向后移动、凸条120脱离齿槽72且在发射簧50的压迫下齿71相对于推动部61滑动以便连接环70转动，从而连接环70释放针芯40且针芯40在发射簧50的推动下向前发射。
也就是说，在发射套60向后移动的过程中，发射套60的推动部61的后端面与连接环70的齿71的前端面相抵以便发射套60推动连接环70向后移动，连接环70向后移动使凸条120逐渐脱离齿槽72，待凸条120完全脱离齿槽72后，凸条120失去对连接环70的止挡。由于发射簧50向前压迫针芯40以及连接环70对针芯40的止挡，且由于推动部61的后端面和齿71的前端面的至少一者为斜面，凸条120完全脱离齿槽72后，齿71与推动部61发生相对滑动，具体表现为，发射套60及其推动部61与筒体10相对位置不变，连接环70及其齿71相对筒体10旋转，由于连接环70的旋转，使连接环70不再止抵针芯40，针芯40失去连接环70的限位而在发射簧50的推动下向前发射，最终针芯40内的针体110的针头向前从发射套60和筒体10中的每一者的前端露出，实现采血功能。
发射套60位于第一位置时，其前端从套筒的前端伸出，筒体10的凸条120的后端接合在连接环70的齿槽72内以止挡连接环70，且连接环70止挡针芯40向前移动，此时针体110的针头位于采血针1的内部，即针体110处于未发射状态。使发射套60的前端按压住皮肤，手握筒体10并向前(靠近皮肤)推动筒体10，发射套60相对筒体10向后移动并从第一位置移动到第二位置，在该过程中，发射套60的推动部61的后端面与连接环70的齿71的前端面相抵以使发射套60向后推动连接环70，最终凸条120完全脱离齿槽72，在发射簧50的压迫下，齿71相对推动部61滑动，由于推动部61的后端面和齿71的前端面中的至少一者为斜面，因此连接环70的齿71相对推动部61的滑动表现为连接环70转动，连接环70的转动使其释放针芯40，针芯40在发射簧50的推动下向前发射，针头从向前发射并从发射套60和筒体10中的每一者的前端露出，扎入位于发射套60前方的皮肤内，实现采血。
根据本申请实施例的采血针1，通过彼此作用的筒体10、发射簧50、发射套60和连接环70，巧妙地实现筒体10内针芯40的发射。当未使用采血针1时，筒体10上的齿71、连接环70以及针芯40的彼此止抵使针体110及其针尖111安全地隐藏在筒体10内部，安全性高。在使用采血针1时，仅需手握筒体10，使发射套60的前端抵住皮肤，并向前移动筒体10使发射套60与筒体10发生相对滑动，即可实现针芯40连带针体110的发射，操作简单，结构合理，性能可靠。
下面结合图1-图17进一步描述本申请具体实施例的采血针1的结构、装配过程和操作 过程。
如图9所示，筒体10的内周壁上设有四个沿前后方向延伸的凸条120，四个凸条120沿筒体10的周向等间隔排布，相邻凸条120之间形成沿前后方向延伸的配合槽121。
进一步地，为了更好地对连接环70的转动进行导向，凸条120的前端面为斜面，在第二位置，连接环70的齿71相对于发射套60的推动部61逐渐滑动到于凸条120的斜面接合的位置，以便在针芯40向前发射时凸条120和推动部61中的至少一者接合在齿槽72内以止挡住连接环70向前移动。
可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，凸条120的数量可以不为四的多个，这里不作限制，多个凸条120沿筒体10的周向间隔分布且不限制为等间距。优选地，凸条120成对设置且成对的凸条120沿筒体10的径向相对设置。
也就是说，当发射套60向后移动到第二位置，且连接环70的齿71于发射套60的推动部61发生相对滑动时，齿71逐渐沿凸条120的斜面滑动直至与凸条120的斜面接合，由此使针芯40向前发射时，凸条120和/或推动部61止抵在齿槽72的底部以止挡连接环70继续移动。
进一步地，为了进一步提高连接环70相对发射套60转动时的结构可靠性，推动部61的后端面和齿71的顶面均为斜面。并且，推动部61的后端面和齿71的顶面为相互配合的斜面。更进一步地，推动部61的后端面和齿71的顶面的倾斜角度与凸条120的前端面的倾斜角度相同。
如图11和12所示，发射套60包括套体62，推动部61为条状块，推动部61设在套体62外周壁上且向后延伸超出套体62的后端面。作为示例，条块状的推动部61的前端与套体62的外周壁相连且相对套体62的外周壁向外突出，推动部61的后端位于套体62的后端面的后面，即推动部61的一部分相对套体62的后断面向后突出。
推动部61可滑动地配合在筒体10的内周壁上由凸条120形成的配合槽121中，当发射套60向后移动以从第一位置移动到第二位置时，推动部61沿配合槽121向后滑动，配合槽121起到导向的作用，用于限制发射套60旋转。并且，推动部61和配合槽121的配合便于发射套60的装配，在对发射套60进行装配时，将发射套60从筒体10的后端装入筒体10中，直至发射套60的前端从筒体10的前端伸出，在发射套60从后向前移动的过程中，推动部61自动导入任一配合槽121内，并沿配合槽121向前滑动。
在一些实施例中，推动部61成对设置且成对的推动部61沿套体62的径向相对设置。如图11和图12所示，发射套60具有两个沿套体62的径向相对设置的推动部61。
进一步地，如图11所示，推动部61的前端呈锥形，以便在发射套60装配的过程中更好地导入配合槽121内。
连接环70具有多个齿71且沿连接环70的周向均匀间隔分布，如图11和图12所示，本实施例中的连接环70具有四个沿其周向均匀间隔分布的齿71。齿71的前端面为斜面。可以理解的是，在本实施例中，齿71的前端面与齿槽72的槽底面共用一个面。齿71和相邻的齿槽72之间具有沿前后方向延伸的啮合面73，啮合面73的前端与齿71的前端面的前端相连，啮合面73的后端与相邻的齿71的前端面的后端相连。
优选地，齿71的前端面(斜面)的长度等于凸条120的后端面(斜面)和推动部61(斜面)的后段面的长度之和。可以理解的是，此处“长度”均指斜面在其延伸方向上的长度。
需要说明的是，本实施例中的连接环70的齿71和齿槽72的结构使其在装配入筒体10时能够实现360°自动导向入位。在对连接环70进行装配时，将其从筒体10的后端从后向前装入，由于连接环70的齿71的前端面为斜面，连接环70能够自动与任一筒体10上的凸条120接合，不必提前对准，也无需采用额外的导向措施，使采血针1的装配方便快捷。
下面以凸条120包括第一凸条122和第二凸条123为例，详细描述本实施例的采血针1的发射过程。
发射套60上的一个推动部61配合在第一凸条122和第二凸条123之间形成的配合槽121内。在第一位置时，推动部61的后端面位于第一凸条122的后端面的前方且在其延伸方向上与其平齐。第一凸条122的后端面和推动部61的后端面中的每一者与齿71的前端面相抵。与齿71的前端面的后端相连的啮合面73为第一啮合面731，与齿71的前端面的前端相连的啮合面73为第二啮合面732，第一凸条122的侧面与第一啮合面731相抵，第二凸条123的侧面与第二啮合面732相抵，此时，采血针1处于带发射状态。连接环70在第一凸条122、第二凸条123的共同止抵作用下在向前方向上被限位。
发射套60从第一位置向第二位置移动时，推动部61沿配合槽121向后移动，推动部61的后端面与齿71的前端面相抵以便在推动部61的驱动下，连接环70向后移动，第一凸条122的后端面脱离齿71的前端面。第一啮合面731沿第一凸条122的侧面向后滑动，第二啮合面732沿第二凸条123的侧面向后滑动，在第一凸条122和第二凸条123的导引下，发射套60和连接环70均在周向上被限位，即均不会发生转动。
发射套60到达第二位置，第一啮合面731完全脱离第一凸条122，第二啮合面732完全脱离第二凸条123，第一凸条122和第二凸条123完全脱离齿槽72。此时推动部61的后端面位于第二凸条123的后端面的后方且在其延伸方向上与其平齐。在发射簧50的压迫下，齿71的前端面与推动部61的后端面相对滑动，齿71的前端面逐渐滑动到第二凸条123的后端面上并其滑动，直至齿71的前端面与第二凸条123的后端面和推动部61的后端面相 对，第一啮合面731与推动部61的侧面相抵，第二凸条123和推动部61共同止抵齿71以防止其继续滑动。在齿71的前端面与推动部61的后端面相对滑动的过程中，连接环70表现为向前转动。连接环70的转动释放针芯40且针芯40在发射簧50的推动下向前发射。
如图12-14所示，针芯40上设有限位部41，连接环70的内周壁上设有止挡凸台74，在第一位置止挡凸台74止挡住限位部41，在第二位置，限位部41脱离止挡凸台74。具体地，发射簧50的前端止抵在限位部41的后端从而发射簧50向前压迫针芯40。在第一位置以及第一位置向第二位置移动过程中，限位部41的前端止抵在止挡凸台74的后端，以便连接环70带动针芯40向后移动，针芯40向后移动从而压缩发射簧50。在第二位置，连接环70转动使限位部41脱离止挡凸台74，针芯40不再受到连接环70的限位而在发射簧50的推动下向前发射。在本实施例中，连接环70上设置有四个止挡凸台74，四个止挡凸台74在周向上等间隔排布，针芯40上设有两个在径向上相对的限位部41。
进一步地，在本实施例中，止挡凸台74的后端面为斜面，以便连接环70转动时，限位部41能够更顺利地脱离止挡凸台74。
如图12所示，连接环70的内周壁上的止挡凸台74为条状并沿前后方向延伸，相邻止挡凸台74之间形成有滑动导槽75，可以理解的是，滑动导槽75沿前后方向延伸。在针芯40向前发射时，限位部41沿滑动导槽75向前滑动，即滑动导槽75用于在针芯40向前发射时对其进行导向，避免针芯40转动。
发射套60的内周壁上设有沿前后方向延伸的限位槽63，连接环70转动到极限位置时，限位槽63在前后方向上与滑动导槽75相对，在本实施例中，限位槽63包括两个且在套体62径向上相对，并且两个限位槽63与发射套60的两个推动部61一一对应。在其他实施例中，限位槽63可以为四个并与四个滑动导槽75一一对应。
限位槽63用于限制针芯40向前移动的极限位置。在针芯40向前发射时限位部41进入限位槽63且沿限位槽63向前滑动到极限位置。针芯40的极限位置是指其在向前发射时的最靠前的位置。可选地，当针芯40到达极限位置时，针芯40的前端与发射套60的前端平齐，针尖111从发射套60的前端完全露出，此时针芯40上的限位部41的前端止抵在限位槽63的槽底。
可以理解的是，连接环70在转动时，为了实现针芯40的限位部41脱离止挡凸台74，针芯40不应随连接环70转动。为了实现该目的，在本实施例中，使针芯40与筒体10在筒体10的周向上限位。如图9所示，筒体10的内周壁上设有沿前后方向延伸的筒体滑槽130，针芯40具有滑动翼42，滑动翼42可滑动地配合在筒体滑槽130中。在第一位置向第二位置移动的过程中，针芯40向后移动，滑动翼42沿筒体滑槽130向后滑动。在第二位置时，由于滑动翼42配合在筒体滑槽130中，限制了针芯40转动，从而使针芯40上的 限位部41能够顺利脱离止挡凸台74。
进一步地，筒体10的内周壁上设有台阶部140，发射套60具有弹性卡凸64，在发射套60从第一位置移动第二位置时，弹性卡凸64由台阶部140卡住以避免在针芯40向前发射期间发射套60向前移动。作为示例，如图9所示，筒体10的内周壁上设有四个台阶部140，四个台阶部140在周向上间隔排布，发射套60具有两个弹性卡凸64，两个弹性卡凸64在径向上相对，弹性卡凸64与套体62的外周壁相连，从套体62的外周壁向外延伸，弹性卡凸64可以产生弹性形变。发射套60移动到第二位置时，弹性卡凸64位于台阶部140的后面并向前抵靠在台阶部140的台阶面上，以避免在针芯40发射时，发射套60向前移动。并且在针芯40发射完毕后，弹性卡凸64仍然卡在台阶部140上以使发射套60不会相对筒体10向前滑动。
如图2所示，采血针1还包括退针簧80，退针簧80设在发射套60内，退针簧80的前端止抵发射套60。在针芯40未向前发射时，退针簧80可以呈自由伸展状态。如图6所示，在针芯40向前发射时，针芯40逐渐压缩退针簧80，在针芯40向前移动到极限位置后退针簧80推动针芯40向后移动以使针体110的针尖111缩回到发射套60和/或筒体10内。
具体地，如图6所示，针芯40向前发射时，限位部41的前端与退针簧80的后端相抵并逐渐压缩退针簧80，退针簧80被压缩对针芯40施加向后的力。当针芯40向前移动到极限位置时，退针簧80对针芯40施加的向后的力大于发射簧50对针芯40施加的向前的力，在退针簧80的作用下，针芯40开始向后移动，直至针尖111缩回到发射套60内，从而使得采血针1才使用完毕后，针尖111不会露出对人员造成不必要的伤害，避免产生交叉感染，提高了采血针1的安全性能。
进一步地，如图4所示，采血针1包括保护帽20和针尖帽30。保护帽20可脱离地套设在筒体10的前端，也就是说，保护帽20具有两种状态：套设在筒体10的前端和脱离筒体10的前端。可以理解的是，若使保护帽20脱离筒体10的前端，需要将保护帽20向前移动。
针尖帽30的后端从筒体10的前端伸入筒体10内，从针芯40中伸出的针尖111插入针尖帽30的后端内，针尖帽30用于对针尖111进行保护。针尖帽30设在保护帽20内，并且针尖帽30与保护帽20联动以便保护帽20在脱离筒体10时带动针尖帽30脱离针尖111，也就是说，保护帽20从筒体10的前端上的脱离能够带动针尖帽30脱离针尖111以便针尖111暴露。例如，当采血针1待使用时，保护帽20套设在筒体10的前端且针尖111位于针尖帽30内起到保护作用，当需要使用采血针1时，使保护帽20从筒体10的前端脱离(将保护帽20向前拔下)以便带动针尖帽30向前脱离针尖111，针尖111暴露。
根据本申请实施例的采血针1利用联动的保护帽20和针尖帽30实现针体110的针尖 111的保护和露出；通过使套设在筒体10的前端的保护帽20脱离筒体10，从而带动针尖帽30脱离针尖111，实现针尖111的露出，操作简便、快捷、可靠。并且，采血针1待使用时，针尖111插入针尖帽30的后端，即位于针尖帽30内，不会出现因误发射造成人员受伤的问题。因此，本申请提供的采血针1还具有安全性能好的优点。
在一些实施例中，针尖帽30与针芯40分体设置，针尖帽30的后端与针芯40的前端相抵，并且保护帽20与筒体10的前端过盈配合。使保护帽20与筒体10的前端过盈配合，可以避免保护帽20轻易地从筒体10上脱离，操作者需要使用一定的力才可将保护帽20从筒体10上拔下，提高了采血针1的安全性。
在另一些实施例中，针尖帽30和针芯40中的至少一者具有易断部31，针芯40的前端与针尖帽30的后端通过易断部31一体地相连。即针尖帽30和针芯40一体成型，且针尖帽30和针芯40的连接处为易断部31，易断部31在保护帽20带动针尖帽30运动时断开以允许针尖帽30脱离针尖111。也就是说，易断部31即可以起到连接针尖帽30和针芯40的作用，也可以在保护帽20带动针尖帽30运动时断开。在该实施例中，保护帽20可以不与筒体10的前端过盈配合，这是由于针尖帽30和针芯40一体成型，在针尖帽30的作用下保护帽20不会轻易脱离筒体10。可选地，操作者可以通过旋转保护帽20更快捷省力地使易断部31断开，将保护帽20拔下。
在一些实施例中，为了实现保护帽20与针尖帽30之间的联动，针尖帽30的前端设有第一限位部，保护帽20的内周壁上设有第二限位部，第一限位部和第二限位部卡合以便保护帽20与针尖帽30之间彼此限位实现联动。
进一步地，第一限位部和第二限位部卡合以限制针尖帽30和保护帽20沿前后方向相对平移和沿保护帽20的周向相对转动。也就是说，由于第一限位部和第二限位部彼此卡合，针尖帽30和保护帽20在前后方向上彼此限位，并且在围绕保护帽20的周向向彼此限位，实现了针尖帽30和保护帽20之间更可靠的联动关系。旋转保护帽20可以带动针尖帽30的旋转，使保护帽20向前移动可以带动针尖帽30向前移动。
下面根据图1-17描述本申请一个具体实施例中的保护帽20和针尖帽30的结构。
如图14所示，本实施例中的采血针1中的针尖帽30上具有易断部31，针芯40的前端与针尖帽30的后端通过易断部31一体地相连。大部分针体110埋设于针芯40中，从针芯40的前端伸出的针尖111位于针尖帽30中。易断部31在保护帽20带动针尖帽30运动时断开，即针尖帽30和针芯40分体，针尖帽30和针芯40的分体能够允许针尖帽30脱离针尖111，使针尖111暴露。可选地，操作者可以通过旋转保护帽20带动针尖帽30旋转，针尖帽30相对针芯40旋转实现更快捷、省力地使易断部31断开。
可以理解的是，在该实施例中，保护帽20可以与筒体10的前端过盈配合，也可以不 与筒体10的前端过盈配合。这是由于针尖帽30和针芯40一体成型，在针尖帽30的作用下，即使保护帽20不与筒体10的前端过盈配合，保护帽20不会轻易脱离筒体10。可选地，保护帽20的内径等于筒体10的前端的外径，避免保护帽20相对筒体10晃动的同时使保护帽20能更轻易地脱离筒体10，减小操作者的负担。
如图4所示，针尖帽30的后端伸入筒体10中，其前端位于筒体10外，针尖帽30的前端设有第一限位部，保护帽20的内周壁上设有与第一限位部卡合的第二限位部。在本实施例中，第一限位部为设在针尖帽30的外周壁上的卡槽32，第二限位部为设置保护帽20的内周壁上的弹性卡爪21，弹性卡爪21从保护帽20的内周壁向内延伸，且其自由端卡合在卡槽32内。本实施例中通过采用弹性卡爪21和卡槽32的卡合实现保护帽20与针尖帽30联动，具体地，实现限制针尖帽30和保护帽20沿前后方向相对平移和沿保护帽20的周向相对转动，即保护帽20的旋转能够带动针尖帽30的旋转，保护帽20在前后方向上的平移能够带动针尖帽30的平移。
进一步地，为了便于保护帽20与针尖帽30的装配，弹性卡爪21从保护帽20的内周壁向前倾斜地延伸。保护帽20进行装配时，使保护帽20相对针尖帽30向后移动，弹性卡爪21变形最终卡合入针尖帽30上的卡槽32中，如此设置使本实施例提供的采血针1具有装配方便、结构合理的优点。
如图13所示，针尖帽30上设有两个卡槽32，且两个卡槽32在针尖帽30的径向上相对，保护帽20上设有两个弹性卡爪21，且两个弹性卡爪21在保护帽20的径向上下相对，弹性卡爪21一一对应地配合在卡槽32中。
可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，卡槽32和弹性卡爪21的数量均可以为大于两个的多个，多个卡槽32绕针尖帽30的周向间隔设置，多个弹性卡爪21绕保护帽20的周向间隔设置，弹性卡爪21一一对应地配合在卡槽32中。
进一步地，如图13和14所示，针尖帽30的前端的外周壁上设有台阶33，保护帽20的内周壁上设有用于止挡台阶33的卡台22。在本实施例中，卡台22包括两个且均为扇形，两个卡台22在保护帽20的径向上彼此相对且间隔开，针尖帽30的前端形成为扁平部34，扁平部34配合在两个卡台22之间。具体地，针尖帽30的前端的外周壁上设有相对的两个台阶33，以便在针尖帽30的前端构造出扁平部34，扁平部34具有相对的两个侧面。扁平部34配合在两个卡台22之间以便使两个侧面分别与两个卡台22的自由端一一相对。如上设置进一步改善了保护帽20与针尖帽30在围绕保护帽20的周向上的相互限位关系，使采血针1的机构更加合理。
可以理解的是，为了实现针芯40与针尖帽30的分离，针芯40不应随针尖帽30转动。在本实施例中，使针芯40与筒体10在筒体10的周向上限位。如图13所示，筒体10的内 周壁上设有沿前后方向延伸的筒体滑槽130，针芯40具有滑动翼42，滑动翼42可滑动地配合在筒体滑槽130中。由于滑动翼42配合在筒体滑槽130中，限制了针芯40转动。
下面根据图4-图8描述本申请实施例的采血针1的操作过程。
如图4所示，采血针1处于未发射状态，保护帽20套设在筒体10上，针尖111伸入针尖帽30的后端，发射套60位于第一位置，发射套60的前端从筒体10的前端伸出，凸条120的后端接合在齿槽72内，针芯40的限位部41的前端抵在连接环70的止挡凸台74上。
如图5所示，旋转保护帽20使其带动针尖帽30旋转。滑动翼42配合在筒体滑槽130中，针芯40与筒体1在周向上彼此限位，针芯40以及针体111不转动。由于针尖帽30相对针芯40转动，易断部31断开，保护帽20向前移动以脱离筒体10的同时，针尖帽30相对针芯40向前移动，在该过程中，原本位于针尖帽30中的针尖111部分，相对针尖帽30向后移动，逐渐从针尖帽30中脱离，并最终到达图5的完全脱离状态，此时，针尖111露出。
将发射套60的前端抵在皮肤上，手握筒体10并向前推动筒体10，使发射套60相对筒体10向后移动以从第一位置到达图6的第二位置。在该过程中，发射套60的推动部61向后推动连接环70的齿71以便使连接环70向后移动，并且针芯40的限位部41的前端抵在连接环70的止挡凸台74上，针芯40在连接环70的止抵下向后移动并压缩发射簧50。到达图6的第二位置后，发射套60的弹性卡凸64卡在筒体10的台阶部140上，台阶部140限制发射套60向前移动。凸条120完全从齿槽72中脱离，在发射簧50的压迫下，齿71的前端面与推动部61的后端面相对滑动，同时齿71逐渐沿凸条120的倾斜的后端面向前滑动，连接环70先前转动。连接环70转动到极限位置后，连接环70上的滑动导槽75和发射套60上的限位槽63在前后方向上相对。由于针芯40的滑动翼42配合在筒体10的筒体滑槽130内，针芯40不会与筒体10发生相对滑动，因此针芯40的限位部41从止挡凸台74上脱离。在发射簧50的压迫下，针芯40向前发射，针芯40的限位部41沿滑动导槽75和限位槽63向前滑动，直至与限位槽63的槽底相抵到达图7的状态。在图7中，针芯40向前发射到达极限位置，针体110的针头从发射套60的前端露出，由于发射套60的前端与皮肤相抵，针头插入皮肤中。并且，针芯40向前发射的过程中，限位部41的前端挤压退针簧80的后端使退针簧80压缩。当针芯40到达图7所示的极限位置时，针芯40在退针簧80的作用下向后移动，直至到达图8的状态，如图8所示，针芯40在退针簧80的作用下向后移动直至针头缩回到发射套60内。可以理解的是，本申请实施例提供的采血针1为一次性采血针。
采血针1包括后盖90，后盖90用于从筒体10的后端装入以覆盖筒体10的后端敞口。 下面以图4为例描述本申请实施例的采血针1的装配过程。
分别将发射套60、退针簧80、连接环70、针芯40、发射簧50依次从筒体10的后端从后向前地装入筒体10中，并使发射套60的前端从筒体10的前端伸出，发射簧50位于第一位置。针尖帽30的前端从发射套60的前端伸出。将后盖90从筒体10的后端装入以覆盖筒体10的后端敞口。将保护帽20从前向后地套设在筒体10的前端，以便使保护帽20的弹性卡爪21与针尖帽30的卡槽32卡合，并且针尖帽30前端的扁平部34配合在保护帽20的两个卡台22之间，完成装配。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或彼此可通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本申请中，术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施 例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本申请的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种采血针，其特征在于，包括：
    筒体，所述筒体中设有针芯和针体，所述针体设于所述针芯中且所述针体的针尖从所述针芯体的前端伸出，所述筒体的内周壁上设有沿前后方向延伸的凸条；
    发射簧，所述发射簧设在所述筒体内且止抵在所述筒体和所述针芯之间，用于向前压迫所述针芯；
    发射套，所述发射套具有推动部，所述发射套设在所述筒体内且沿从前向后的方向能够从第一位置移动到第二位置；
    连接环，所述连接环设在所述筒体内且位于所述发射套的后面，所述连接环的前端设有齿和位于相邻齿之间的齿槽，所述推动部的后端面和所述齿的前端面中的至少一者为斜面，在所述第一位置，所述发射套的前端从所述筒体的前端伸出、所述凸条的后端接合在所述齿槽内且所述连接环止挡住所述针芯向前移动，当所述发射套从所述第一位置移动到所述第二位置时，所述推动部通过推动所述齿驱动所述连接环向后移动、所述凸条脱离所述齿槽且在所述发射簧的压迫下所述齿相对于所述推动部滑动以便所述连接环转动，从而所述连接环释放所述针芯且所述针芯在所述发射簧的推动下向前发射。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述凸条的前端面为斜面，在所述第二位置，所述齿相对于所述推动部逐渐滑动到与所述凸条的斜面接合，以便在所述针芯向前发射时所述凸条和所述推动部中的至少一者接合在所述齿槽内以止挡住所述连接环向前移动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述推动部的后端面和所述齿的顶面均为斜面。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述发射套包括套体，所述推动部设在所述套体外周壁上且向后延伸超出所述套体的后端面，所述推动部为条状块，所述推动部成对设置且成对的推动部沿所述套体的径向相对设置，所述凸条为多个且沿所述筒体的周向间隔分布，所述推动部可滑动地配合在相邻凸条之间的配合槽内。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述齿为多个且沿所述连接环的周向均匀间隔分布。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述针芯上设有限位部，所述连接环的内周壁上设有止挡凸台，在所述第一位置所述止挡凸台止挡住所述限位部，在所述第二位置，所述限位部脱离所述止挡凸台。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述止挡凸台的后端面为斜面，所述 连接环的内周壁上具有位于所述止挡凸台之间的滑动导槽，在所述针芯向前发射时，所述限位部沿所述滑动导槽向前滑动。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述发射套的内周壁上设有用于限制所述针芯向前移动的极限位置的限位槽，在所述针芯向前发射时所述限位部进入所述限位槽且沿所述限位槽向前滑动到所述极限位置。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述筒体的内周壁上设有沿前后方向延伸的筒体滑槽，所述针芯具有滑动翼，所述滑动翼可滑动地配合在所述筒体滑槽中。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述筒体的内周壁上设有台阶部，所述发射套具有弹性卡凸，在所述发射套从所述第一位置移动所述第二位置时，所述弹性卡凸由所述台阶部卡住以避免在针芯向前发射期间所述发射套向前移动。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的采血针，其特征在于，包括退针簧，所述退针簧设在所述发射套内，所述退针簧的前端止抵所述发射套，在所述针芯向前发射时，所述针芯逐渐压缩所述退针簧，在所述针芯向前移动到极限位置后所述退针簧推动所述针芯向后移动以使所述针体的针尖缩回到所述发射套和/或所述筒体内。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的采血针，其特征在于，包括保护帽和针尖帽，所述保护帽可脱离地套设在所述筒体的前端，所述针尖帽的后端从所述筒体的前端伸入所述筒体内，所述针尖插入所述针尖帽的后端内，所述针尖帽设在所述保护帽内且与所述保护帽联动，以便所述保护帽在脱离所述筒体时带动所述针尖帽脱离所述针尖。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述针尖帽和所述针芯中的至少一者具有易断部，所述针芯的前端与所述针尖帽的后端通过所述易断部一体地相连，所述易断部在所述保护帽带动所述针尖帽运动时断开以允许所述针尖帽脱离所述针尖。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述针尖帽与所述针芯分体设置，所述针尖帽的后端与所述针芯的前端相抵，所述保护帽与所述筒体的前端过盈配合。
  15. 根据权利要求12-14中任一项所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述针尖帽的前端设有第一限位部，所述保护帽的内周壁上设有第二限位部，所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部卡合以便所述针尖帽与所述保护帽联动。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部卡合以限制所述针尖帽和所述保护帽沿前后方向相对平移和沿所述保护帽的周向相对转动。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述第一限位部为设在所述针尖帽的外周壁上的卡槽，所述第二限位部为设置所述保护帽的内周壁上的弹性卡爪，所述弹性 卡爪的自由端卡合在所述卡槽内。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述弹性卡爪从所述保护帽的内周壁向前倾斜地延伸。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述卡槽为多个且绕所述针尖帽的周向间隔设置，所述弹性卡爪为多个且绕所述保护帽的周向间隔设置，所述弹性卡爪一一对应地配合在所述卡槽中。
  20. 根据权利要求16所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述针尖帽的前端的外周壁上设有台阶，所述保护帽的内周壁上设有用于止挡所述台阶的卡台。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的采血针，其特征在于，所述卡台为扇形，所述卡台为两个，两个卡台彼此相对且间隔开，所述针尖帽的前端形成为扁平部，所述扁平部配合在两个所述卡台之间。
PCT/CN2022/074747 2021-07-02 2022-01-28 采血针 WO2023273338A1 (zh)

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CN1586396A (zh) * 2004-09-15 2005-03-02 施迎敢 针尖回缩型一次性安全采血针及一次发射型安全采血笔
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US20080039886A1 (en) * 2006-08-14 2008-02-14 Pengfei Gu Safety single use blood lancet device with adjustable puncture depth
CN102309331A (zh) * 2011-09-02 2012-01-11 苏州乔阳医学科技有限公司 前压式一次性安全采血针
CN106264562A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2017-01-04 苏州施莱医疗器械有限公司 缩进型头部按压式一次性采血器
CN111436951A (zh) * 2020-03-04 2020-07-24 天津华鸿科技股份有限公司 采血针
CN113476044A (zh) * 2021-07-02 2021-10-08 天津云帆医疗器械有限公司 安全采血针

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1586396A (zh) * 2004-09-15 2005-03-02 施迎敢 针尖回缩型一次性安全采血针及一次发射型安全采血笔
CN1961828A (zh) * 2005-11-11 2007-05-16 上海宝尔生贸易有限公司分公司 笔套式采血针
US20080039886A1 (en) * 2006-08-14 2008-02-14 Pengfei Gu Safety single use blood lancet device with adjustable puncture depth
CN102309331A (zh) * 2011-09-02 2012-01-11 苏州乔阳医学科技有限公司 前压式一次性安全采血针
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CN113476044A (zh) * 2021-07-02 2021-10-08 天津云帆医疗器械有限公司 安全采血针

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