WO2023248779A1 - 照明装置、測距装置及び車載装置 - Google Patents
照明装置、測距装置及び車載装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023248779A1 WO2023248779A1 PCT/JP2023/020952 JP2023020952W WO2023248779A1 WO 2023248779 A1 WO2023248779 A1 WO 2023248779A1 JP 2023020952 W JP2023020952 W JP 2023020952W WO 2023248779 A1 WO2023248779 A1 WO 2023248779A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C3/00—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders
- G01C3/02—Details
- G01C3/06—Use of electric means to obtain final indication
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
- G01S7/4815—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone using multiple transmitters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/0225—Out-coupling of light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a lighting device, a distance measuring device, and a vehicle-mounted device.
- Illumination devices that irradiate light beams onto objects are used for purposes such as measuring time of flight (ToF), measuring distance using structured light, and recognizing the shape of objects.
- Patent Document 1 uses a vertical cavity surface emitting semiconductor laser (VCSEL) as a light source, focuses the light beam emitted from the VCSEL by condensing it with a lens array, A lighting device that forms a virtual light emitting point (hereinafter referred to as a virtual light emitting point) is disclosed.
- VCSEL vertical cavity surface emitting semiconductor laser
- One of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a lighting device that can be further miniaturized, and a distance measuring device and a vehicle-mounted device equipped with the lighting device.
- This disclosure provides, for example, a plurality of light emitting parts arranged in an array and each emitting substantially parallel light beams; a condensing section that condenses the light beam emitted from each light emitting section; a conversion unit that makes the light beams that diverge after condensing substantially parallel and changes the exit direction of each light beam; It is a lighting device having.
- the present disclosure provides, for example, The above-mentioned lighting device, a control unit that controls the lighting device; a light receiving unit that receives reflected light reflected from an object; a distance measuring unit that calculates a measured distance from image data obtained by the light receiving unit; It is a distance measuring device.
- the present disclosure may be applied to an in-vehicle device having the distance measuring device described above.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a distance measuring device including an illumination device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of a lighting device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a light beam emitted from a light emitting section according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a microlens array according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a microlens array according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a microlens array according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining specific numerical examples regarding each element of the lighting device according to one embodiment.
- a and B are diagrams for explaining a first configuration example of a light emitting section according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a second configuration example of a light emitting section according to an embodiment. It is a figure for explaining the modification of the 2nd example of composition of a light emitting part concerning one embodiment. It is a figure for explaining the 3rd example of composition of the light emitting part concerning one embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a linear light beam according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a diffusion plate according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of arrangement of a diffusion plate according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of arrangement of a cylindrical lens and a diffuser plate according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a duplicated linear light beam.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of the arrangement of diffraction gratings according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining another example of a duplicated linear light beam.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram referred to when explaining a configuration having a drive unit according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram referred to when explaining a configuration having a drive unit according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram referred to when explaining a configuration having a drive unit according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a scanned linear light beam.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of the arrangement of a plurality of light emitting elements according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an optical lens diameter and an arrangement example of a plurality of light emitting elements according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining another example of a light emitting element according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining another example of a light emitting element according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram that is referred to when explaining a method for driving a lighting device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram that is referred to when explaining a method for driving a lighting device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram that is referred to when explaining a method for driving a lighting device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram that is referred to when explaining a method for driving a lighting device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram that is referred to when explaining a method for driving a lighting device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a vehicle control system.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of installation positions of an outside-vehicle information detection section and an imaging section.
- the size of the optical lens for forming the parallel light beam arranged in the traveling direction of the light beam becomes large.
- the diameter of each lens array placed at the tip of the light emitting part should be made larger relative to the area of the light emitting part. There is a need.
- the lens diameter of the lens array becomes even larger.
- the light emitting element constituted by the light emitting section becomes expensive.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a distance measuring device (distance measuring device 1) to which a lighting device (lighting device 100) according to an embodiment can be applied.
- the distance measuring device 1 is a device that measures the distance (distance measurement distance) to the irradiation target 1000 by irradiating illumination light onto the irradiation target 1000 and receiving the reflected light.
- the distance measuring device 1 employs, for example, a ToF method or a Structured Light method.
- the ToF method is a method in which a distance is calculated from the time it takes for a light beam emitted from a range finder to be reflected by an object to be measured and return to the range finder.
- the Structured Light method is a method in which a distance measuring device irradiates a light beam pattern onto an object to be measured, and a distance is calculated from the distortion of the pattern of the light beam that is reflected and returned to the distance measuring device.
- the distance measuring device 1 includes an illumination device 100, a control section 200 that controls the illumination device 100, a light receiving section 210, and a distance measuring section 220.
- the lighting device 100 generates irradiation light in synchronization with a rectangular wave light emission control signal CLKp from the control unit 200.
- This light emission control signal CLKp may be a periodic signal and is not limited to a rectangular wave.
- the light emission control signal CLKp may be a sine wave.
- the light receiving unit 210 receives the reflected light reflected from the irradiation target 1000, and detects the amount of light received within the period every time the period of the vertical synchronization signal VSYNC elapses.
- a plurality of pixel circuits are arranged, for example, in a two-dimensional grid pattern.
- the light receiving section 210 supplies image data (frames) according to the amount of light received by these pixel circuits to the distance measuring section 220. Note that the light receiving unit 210 may have a function of correcting distance measurement errors due to multipath.
- the control unit 200 controls the lighting device 100 and the light receiving unit 210.
- This control section 200 generates a light emission control signal CLKp and supplies it to the lighting device 100 and the light receiving section 210.
- the distance measuring unit 220 measures the distance to the irradiation target 1000 using a ToF method or the like based on the image data.
- the distance measuring unit 220 measures the distance for each pixel circuit and generates a depth map that indicates the distance to the object for each pixel using gradation values.
- This depth map can be used, for example, in image processing that performs blurring processing depending on the distance, autofocus (AF) processing that determines the in-focus point of a focus lens depending on the distance, and distance measurement to an object using in-vehicle LiDAR. used.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of the lighting device 100.
- the lighting device 100 includes, for example, a light emitting element 110, a microlens array 120, and an optical lens 130.
- the light emitting element 110 is a light source of the lighting device 100 and has a plurality of light emitting parts.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which the light emitting element 110 has five light emitting parts 111A, 111B, 111C, 111D, and 111E arranged in an array (in this example, in a row).
- the number of light emitting parts is not limited to five, and can be any number.
- the plurality of light emitting parts may be arranged not one-dimensionally but two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally. Note that in the following description, when there is no need to distinguish between individual light emitting parts, they will be collectively referred to as light emitting parts 111 as appropriate. As schematically shown in FIG.
- each of the plurality of light emitting units 111 emits a light beam LB1 having a small divergence angle, that is, a substantially parallel light beam LB1. Note that a specific example of the configuration of the light emitting section 111 will be described later.
- the microlens array 120 which is an example of a light condensing section, condenses the light beam LB emitted from each light emitting section 111.
- An example of the microlens array 120 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6.
- 4 to 6 are a perspective view of the microlens array 120, a diagram showing an example of the planar configuration of the microlens array 120, and a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of the microlens array 120 taken along the line II shown in FIG. 5, respectively. .
- the microlens array 120 has a plurality of lens parts and a parallel plate part 122.
- the microlens array 120 has five lens sections (lens section 121A, lens section 121B, lens section 121C, lens section 121D, and lens section 121E).
- lens sections 121 are arranged to directly face the light emitting section 111.
- the lens section 121A is arranged to directly face the light emitting section 111A.
- the lens portion 121B is arranged to directly face the light emitting portion 111B.
- the lens portion 121C is arranged to directly face the light emitting portion 111C.
- the lens portion 121D is arranged to directly face the light emitting portion 111D.
- the lens section 121E is arranged to directly face the light emitting section 111E.
- the light beam LB1 emitted from the light emitting section 111 is refracted by the lens surface of the lens section 121 and condensed to form a virtual light emitting point VP (see FIG. 2).
- the virtual light emitting point VP may be formed within the microlens array 120 instead of between the microlens array 120 and the optical lens 130.
- the optical lens 130 which is an example of a conversion unit, makes the light beams that diverge after being focused at the virtual light emitting point VP by the microlens array 120 substantially parallel, and changes the emission direction of each light beam.
- the light beam LB2 emitted through the optical lens 130 is irradiated onto the irradiation target 1000, and the light reflected from the irradiation target 1000 is received by the light receiving unit 210.
- a Fresnel lens or a metamaterial may be used instead of the optical lens 130.
- the light beam LB2 may be scanned using a one-dimensional mechanical scanning mechanism such as a galvano mirror or a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) mirror.
- the light emitting section 111 has a light emitting area with an OA diameter (diameter) of approximately 150 ⁇ m, for example.
- the divergence angle (pp (full-width display)) of the light beam emitted from the light emitting unit 111 is desired to be as small as possible from the viewpoint of downsizing the illumination device 100, and ideally is 0 degrees.
- the temperature can be set to 2 degrees or less.
- the lens portion 121 included in the microlens array 120 has a diameter of approximately 200 ⁇ m.
- the lens section 121 is arranged at a distance from the light emitting section 111 that is approximately equal to the focal length of the lens section 121 (for example, approximately 1.4 mm).
- the light beam LB1 emitted from the light emitting section 111 is focused by the lens section 121 into a light spot having a diameter of approximately 50 ⁇ m at the virtual light emitting point VP.
- the focused light spot then enters the optical lens 130 as a light beam with a divergence of approximately 6 degrees.
- Each of the light beams LB1 from the light emitting unit 111 becomes a substantially parallel light beam LB2 (parallel light beam) (see FIG. 2) directed in a predetermined direction by the optical lens 130, and is irradiated onto the irradiation target 1000.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the light emitting section 111 according to this example.
- the light emitting unit 111 according to this example includes an excitation light source 2 which is an example of an excitation light source layer, a solid laser medium 3 which is an example of a laser medium, and a saturable absorber 4. are integrally joined and have a laminated structure as shown in FIG. 8B.
- the optical axes of the excitation light source 2, the solid-state laser medium 3, and the saturable absorber 4 are arranged on one axis.
- the excitation light source 2 has a structure that is part of a VCSEL, and has a stacked semiconductor layer having a stacked structure.
- the excitation light source 2 in FIG. 8 has a substrate 5, an n-contact layer 33, a fifth reflective layer R5, a cladding layer 6, an active layer 7, a cladding layer 8, a pre-oxidation layer 31, and a first reflective layer R1 stacked in this order. It has a structure. Note that the example shown in FIG. 8 shows a bottom emission type configuration in which continuous wave (CW) excitation light is emitted from the substrate 5; A top emission type configuration that emits excitation light may also be used.
- CW continuous wave
- the substrate 5 is, for example, an n-GaAs substrate 5. Since the n-GaAs substrate 5 absorbs light of the first wavelength ⁇ 1, which is the excitation wavelength of the excitation light source 2, at a constant rate, it is desirable to make it as thin as possible. On the other hand, it is desirable to have a thickness sufficient to maintain mechanical strength during the bonding process described below.
- the active layer 7 emits surface light at a first wavelength ⁇ 1.
- the cladding layers 6 and 8 are, for example, AlGaAs cladding layers.
- the first reflective layer R1 reflects light having a first wavelength ⁇ 1.
- the fifth reflective layer R5 has a constant transmittance for light having the first wavelength ⁇ 1.
- a semiconductor distributed reflective layer DBR: Distributed Bragg Reflector
- a current is injected from the outside through the first reflective layer R1 and the fifth reflective layer R5, recombination and light emission occur in the quantum well in the active layer 7, and laser oscillation at the first wavelength ⁇ 1 is performed.
- a part of the pre-oxidation layer (eg, AlAs layer) 31 on the cladding layer side of the first reflective layer R1 is oxidized to become the post-oxidation layer (eg, Al 2 O 3 layer) 32 .
- the fifth reflective layer R5 is arranged on the n-GaAs substrate 5, for example.
- the fifth reflective layer R5 has a multilayer reflective film made of Al z1 Ga 1-z1 As/Al z2 Ga 1-z2 As (0 ⁇ z1 ⁇ z2 ⁇ 1) doped with an n-type dopant (for example, silicon).
- the fifth reflective layer R5 is also called n-DBR. More specifically, an n-contact layer 33 is arranged between the fifth reflective layer R5 and the n-GaAs substrate 5.
- the active layer 7 has, for example, a multiple quantum well layer in which an Al x1 In y1 Ga 1-x1-y1 As layer and an Al x3 In y3 Ga 1-x3-y3 As layer are laminated.
- the first reflective layer R1 has, for example, a multi-reflective film made of Al z3 Ga 1-z3 As/Al z4 Ga 1-z4 As (0 ⁇ z3 ⁇ z4 ⁇ 1) doped with a p-type dopant (for example, carbon). .
- the first reflective layer R1 is also called p-DBR.
- Each semiconductor layer (R5, 6, 7, 8, R1) in the excitation light source 2 can be formed using the MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) method or the MBE (crystal growth such as molecular beam epitaxy) method. can. After the crystal growth, processes such as mesa etching for element isolation, formation of an insulating film, and vapor deposition of an electrode film are performed to enable driving by current injection.
- MOCVD metal organic chemical vapor deposition
- MBE crystal growth such as molecular beam epitaxy
- a solid-state laser medium 3 is bonded to the end surface of the n-GaAs substrate 5 of the excitation light source 2 on the side opposite to the fifth reflective layer R5.
- the end surface of the solid-state laser medium 3 on the excitation light source 2 side will be referred to as a first surface F1
- the end surface of the solid-state laser medium 3 on the saturable absorber 4 side will be referred to as a second surface F2.
- the laser pulse output surface of the saturable absorber 4 is referred to as a third surface F3
- the end surface of the excitation light source 2 on the solid-state laser medium side is referred to as a fourth surface F4.
- the end surface of the saturable absorber 4 on the solid-state laser medium 3 side is referred to as a fifth surface F5.
- the fourth surface F4 of the excitation light source 2 is joined to the first surface F1 of the solid-state laser medium 3, and the second surface F2 of the solid-state laser medium 3 is joined to the fifth surface F5 of the saturable absorber 4.
- the solid-state laser medium 3 is arranged on the rear side of the optical axis of the excitation light source 2.
- the rear side of the optical axis is the direction in which light on the optical axis is emitted.
- the solid-state laser medium 3 also has a second reflective layer R2 for a second wavelength ⁇ 2 on a first surface F1 facing the excitation light source 2, and a third reflective layer R2 for a first wavelength ⁇ 1 on a second surface F2 opposite to the first surface F1. It has a reflective layer R3.
- the light emitting unit 111 includes a first resonator 11 and a second resonator 12.
- the first resonator 11 resonates light with a first wavelength ⁇ 1 between the first reflective layer R1 in the excitation light source 2 and the third reflective layer R3 in the solid-state laser medium 3.
- the second resonator 12 resonates light with a second wavelength ⁇ 2 between the second reflective layer R2 in the solid-state laser medium 3 and the fourth reflective layer R4 in the saturable absorber 4.
- the second resonator 12 is also called a Q-switch solid-state laser resonator.
- a third reflective layer R3, which is a highly reflective layer, is provided within the solid-state laser medium 3 so that the first resonator 11 can perform stable resonant operation.
- a partial reflection mirror for emitting light of the first wavelength ⁇ 1 to the outside is arranged at the position of the third reflection layer R3.
- the third reflective layer R3 is used to confine the power of the excitation light having the first wavelength ⁇ 1 within the first resonator 11. It has a highly reflective layer.
- first reflective layer R1 the first reflective layer consisting of the excitation light source 2 and the solid-state laser medium 3. It will be done. Therefore, the first resonator 11 has a coupled cavity structure.
- the solid-state laser medium 3 is excited.
- Q-switched laser pulse oscillation occurs in the second resonator 12.
- the second resonator 12 causes light having a second wavelength ⁇ 2, which is the oscillation wavelength, to resonate between the second reflective layer R2 in the solid-state laser medium 3 and the fourth reflective layer R4 in the saturable absorber 4.
- the second reflective layer R2 is a highly reflective layer, whereas the fourth reflective layer R4 is a partially reflective layer.
- the fourth reflective layer R4 is provided on the end surface (third surface F3) of the saturable absorber 4, but the fourth reflective layer R4 is disposed on the rear side of the optical axis than the saturable absorber 4. Good too. That is, the fourth reflective layer R4 does not necessarily need to be provided inside or on the surface of the saturable absorber 4.
- the fourth reflective layer R4 is an output coupling mirror in the second resonator 12.
- the solid-state laser medium 3 includes, for example, YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) crystal Yb:YAG doped with Yb (yttribium).
- the first wavelength (excitation wavelength) ⁇ 1 is 940 nm
- the second wavelength (oscillation wavelength) ⁇ 2 is 1030 nm.
- Nd (neodymium)-doped YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) crystal Nd:YAG is used
- the first wavelength ⁇ 1 is 808 nm and 885 nm
- the second wavelength ⁇ 2 is a combination of 946 nm and 1064 nm.
- the first wavelength ⁇ 1 is 975 nm
- the second wavelength ⁇ 2 is 1535 nm.
- absorption wavelength and oscillation wavelength The relationship between absorption wavelength and oscillation wavelength is that light with photon energy corresponding to the energy difference between the energy levels of atoms in the laser medium is absorbed and excited, and guided by the light, transitions to a selected lower level. It is determined by the photon energy emitted when
- the solid-state laser medium 3 is not limited to Yb:YAG or Nd:YAG, but may also be Nd:GdVO 4 , Nd:KLu(WO 4 ) 2 , Nd:YVO 4 , Nd:YLF, Nd:glass, Yb:YAG, Yb:YLF , Yb: FAP, Yb: SFAP, Yb: YVO, Yb: KYW, Yb: BCBF, Yb: YCOB, Yb: GdCOB, YB: YAB, Er, Yb: YAl 3 (BO 3 ) 4 , Er, Yb: GdAl At least one of the following materials can be used: 3 (BO 3 ) 4 , Er, and Yb:glass. The form is not limited to crystal, and does not hinder the use of ceramic materials.
- the solid-state laser medium 3 may be a four-level solid-state laser medium 3 or a quasi-three-level solid-state laser medium 3.
- the saturable absorber 4 includes, for example, a YAG (Cr:YAG) crystal doped with Cr (chromium).
- the saturable absorber 4 is a material whose transmittance increases when the intensity of incident light exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- the excitation light of the first wavelength ⁇ 1 from the first resonator increases the transmittance of the saturable absorber 4, and emits a laser pulse of the second wavelength ⁇ 2. This is called a Q-switch.
- V:YAG can also be used as the material for the saturable absorber 4.
- other types of saturable absorbers 4 may also be used.
- a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) having a quantum well may be used. Moreover, this does not preclude the use of an active Q-switch element as the Q-switch.
- the excitation light source 2, solid-state laser medium 3, and saturable absorber 4 have a laminated structure that is bonded and integrated using a bonding process.
- bonding processes include surface activated bonding, atomic diffusion bonding, plasma activated bonding, and the like. Alternatively, other bonding (adhesion) processes can be used.
- the electrodes E1 and E2 for injecting current into the first reflective layer R1 and the fifth reflective layer R5 are arranged so that they are not exposed to at least the surface of the n-GaAs substrate 5. .
- electrodes E1 and E2 are arranged on the end surface of the excitation light source 2 on the first reflective layer R1 side.
- the electrode E1 is a p-electrode and is electrically connected to the first reflective layer R1.
- the electrode E2 is an n-electrode and is formed by filling the inner wall of a trench extending from the first reflective layer R1 to the n-contact layer 33 with a conductive material 35 via an insulating film 34.
- this end face can be soldered onto a support substrate (not shown). Even when a plurality of light emitting parts 111 are arranged in an array, by arranging the electrodes E1 and E2 on the same end face, this end face can be mounted on a support substrate. Note that the shapes and locations of the electrodes E1 and E2 shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B are merely examples.
- the light emitting section 111 By making the light emitting section 111 into a layered structure in this way, it is possible to fabricate the layered structure and then separate it into pieces by dicing to form a plurality of chips, or to form a plurality of light emitting sections 111 in an array on one substrate. It becomes easy to form the light emitting element 110 arranged in the same direction.
- the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of each surface layer needs to be approximately 1 nm or less, preferably 0.5 nm or less.
- Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is used to achieve a surface layer having these arithmetic mean roughnesses.
- CMP Chemical mechanical polishing
- a dielectric multilayer film may be disposed between each layer, and each layer may be bonded via the dielectric multilayer film.
- the refractive index n of the GaAs substrate 5, which is the base substrate of the excitation light source 2 at a wavelength of 940 nm is 3.2, which has a higher refractive index than YAG (n: 1.7) or general dielectric multilayer film materials. has. Therefore, when joining the solid-state laser medium 3 and the saturable absorber 4 to the excitation light source 2, it is necessary to prevent optical loss due to refractive index mismatch.
- an antireflection film AR coating film or nonreflection coating film
- an antireflection film that does not reflect the light of the first wavelength ⁇ 1 of the first resonator 11 is disposed between the excitation light source 2 and the solid-state laser medium 3. is desirable.
- an antireflection film an AR coating film or a nonreflection coating film
- Polishing may be difficult depending on the bonding material.
- a material such as SiO 2 that is transparent to the first wavelength ⁇ 1 and the second wavelength ⁇ 2 is formed as a base layer for bonding, and this SiO 2 layer is It may be polished to an average roughness Ra of about 1 nm (preferably 0.5 nm or less) and used as an interface for bonding.
- the underlayer materials other than SiO 2 can be used, and the material is not limited here. Note that a non-reflective film may be provided between SiO 2 which is the material of the underlayer and the base layer.
- the dielectric multilayer film includes a short wave pass filter (SWPF), a long wave pass filter (LWPF), a band pass filter (BPF), and anti-reflection protection.
- SWPF short wave pass filter
- LWPF long wave pass filter
- BPF band pass filter
- AR anti-reflection films
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- a film forming method such as vacuum evaporation, ion-assisted evaporation, sputtering, etc. can be used. It does not matter which film formation method is applied.
- the characteristics of the dielectric multilayer film can be arbitrarily selected.
- the second reflective layer R2 may be a short wavelength transmission filter film
- the third reflective layer R3 may be a long wavelength transmission filter film.
- short wavelength transmission means that light with a first wavelength ⁇ 1 is transmitted and light with a second wavelength ⁇ 2 is reflected.
- long wavelength transmission means that light with a first wavelength ⁇ 1 is reflected and light with a second wavelength ⁇ 2 is transmitted.
- a polarizer having a photonic crystal structure that separates the ratio of P-polarized light and S-polarized light may be provided inside the second resonator 12.
- a diffraction grating may be provided inside the second resonator 12 to convert the polarization state of the emitted laser pulse from random polarization to linear polarization.
- the operation of the light emitting section 111 will be explained.
- a current into the active layer 7 through the electrode of the excitation light source 2 laser oscillation at the first wavelength ⁇ 1 occurs within the first resonator 11, and the solid-state laser medium 3 is excited.
- the saturable absorber 4 is bonded to the solid-state laser medium 3, at the initial stage when laser oscillation with the first wavelength ⁇ 1 occurs, spontaneously emitted light from the solid-state laser medium 3 is absorbed by the saturable absorber 4. Since the light is absorbed, optical feedback by the fourth reflective layer R4 on the emission surface side of the saturable absorber 4 does not occur, and Q-switched laser oscillation does not occur.
- a nonlinear optical crystal for wavelength conversion can be placed inside the second resonator 12.
- the wavelength of the laser pulse after wavelength conversion can be changed.
- wavelength conversion materials include nonlinear optical crystals such as LiNbO 3 , BBO, LBO, CLBO, BiBO, KTP, and SLT.
- a phase matching material similar to these may be used as the wavelength conversion material.
- the type of wavelength conversion material does not matter. The wavelength conversion material allows the second wavelength ⁇ 2 to be converted to another wavelength.
- the light emitting section 111 according to this example is provided with a heat exhaust section to prevent a decrease in laser beam oscillation efficiency and a decrease in optical wavelength conversion efficiency due to thermal interference between the excitation light source and the solid-state laser medium. good.
- Q-switch operation is achieved by inserting an opening/closing shutter into the laser resonator that prevents oscillation, and then switching the Q value, which is the figure of merit of the resonator, in a short time when sufficient energy has been accumulated in the laser crystal.
- This is a method to obtain a pulsed laser.
- a method of controlling the shutter electrically or mechanically is called an active Q-switch, and a method of using the saturable absorber 4 to function as a shutter that opens automatically is called a passive Q-switch.
- the laser output is turned off by periodically increasing the cavity loss using a saturable absorber 4 inside the cavity. Therefore, a Q-switch is a lossy switch.
- the light emitting unit 111 can instantaneously emit a strong short pulse (light beam).
- the Q-switched laser resonator when the laser is not operating, the Q-switched laser resonator is composed of a plane mirror, which generates higher-order modes, but when the laser is operating, a thermal lens is generated in the material, and the laser resonator is It changes transiently to plano-concave or concave-concave. This makes it possible to oscillate in Gaussian transverse mode, that is, it is possible to generate a beam with excellent beam quality, and it is possible to emit a light beam with a small divergence angle (the divergence angle is 2 degrees or less) from the light emitting section 111. becomes.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the light emitting section 111 according to this example.
- a solid laser medium 3 and a saturable absorber 4 are joined.
- the excitation light source 2 for example, a surface emitting laser array is used.
- the second reflective layer R2 is a highly reflective layer
- the fourth reflective layer R4 is a partially reflective layer.
- the excitation light source 2 is not joined to the solid-state laser medium 3 and the saturable absorber 4, and a microlens array 41, which is an example of a condensing lens section, is arranged between the excitation light source 2 and the solid-state laser medium 3. Ru.
- a light beam emitted from the excitation light source 2 is focused on the solid laser medium 3 by the microlens array 41.
- Other operations are the same as in the first configuration example.
- the light emitting unit 111 according to this example can also emit a light beam with a small divergence angle.
- the excitation light source 2 may be a light source arranged one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally perpendicular to the direction in which the first wavelength ⁇ 1 or the second wavelength ⁇ 2 travels.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the concept of an array light source in which a plurality of light emitting parts 111 and microlenses 41 shown in FIG. 9 are arranged.
- the excitation light source 2 may be one in which light sources are arranged, or one light emission source in which a plurality of light emitting parts are arranged.
- the microlenses may be arranged with individual lenses, or may be a single component as a microlens array.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the light emitting section 111 according to this example.
- the excitation light source 2 uses a surface-emitting laser array, and a plurality of these excitation light sources 2 are arranged.
- Light beams emitted from a plurality of excitation light sources 2 are focused by one optical lens 45.
- the focused light beam is incident on a predetermined region of the solid-state laser medium 3.
- Other operations are the same as those in the first configuration example and the second configuration example.
- the optical lens 45 can also be a microlens array in which a plurality of lenses are arranged, similarly to FIG. 10.
- the light beam is focused on a plurality of regions of the solid-state laser medium 3, and a light beam with a small divergence angle that is Q-switched and oscillated in a plurality of arranged regions within the solid-state laser medium 3 is generated.
- the generated light beam is emitted from the light emitting section 111 as a light beam LB1.
- the light emitting section 111 can emit a light beam with a narrow divergence angle. That's fine.
- a surface-emitting laser using a photonic crystal that emits a light beam with a narrow divergence angle may be used, or an edge-emitting laser or a plurality of fiber lasers may be arranged.
- the light beam LB2 which is a parallel light beam emitted from the illumination device 100 described above, may be made into a linear light beam and irradiated onto the irradiation target 1000.
- Edge-emitting lasers and surface-emitting lasers used in general ranging systems can only obtain an optical output of several tens of watts (several 100 watts at most) of the light beam from one light emitting part.
- the light emitting unit 111 according to this embodiment (for example, the light emitting unit 111 having the first configuration example described above) can obtain a light output of about several tens of kW (several 1000 kW in some cases).
- a predetermined light intensity can be secured and a wide distance measurement range can be obtained.
- a condensing light into a smaller size at the virtual light emitting point VP higher light density can be obtained, and a wider distance measurement range can be obtained.
- the distance between the light emitting parts 111 is more than a certain value with respect to the diameter of the condensed beam at the virtual light emitting point VP, a gap is created between the linear light beams.
- the light emitting elements 110 are arranged diagonally, that is, the light emitting parts 111 are arranged diagonally, so that the gap between the linear light beams is minimized.
- FOV Field of View
- a diagonal rectangular frame indicates the light emitting element 110
- a large circle within the rectangular frame indicates a light emitting section
- a small circle condenses the light beam emitted from each light emitting section 111.
- the virtual light emitting point VP formed by is shown.
- a rectangle with a slightly narrow shape indicates a linear light beam. The contents of these illustrations are the same in FIGS. 17, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26.
- the number of light emitting sections 111 is 12 (light emitting sections 111A, 111B, . . . 111L).
- control is performed to cause the light emitting sections 111 to emit light sequentially from the upper left light emitting section 111A toward the lower right light emitting section 111L.
- L1 in FIG. 12 is a line-shaped light beam obtained by spreading the light beam emitted from the light emitting unit 111 located at the uppermost left into a line shape.
- L2 in FIG. 12 is a linear light beam obtained by spreading the light beam emitted from the second light emitting unit 111 from the upper left into a line shape.
- L3 in FIG. 12 is a linear light beam obtained by spreading the light beam emitted from the third light emitting unit 111 from the upper left into a line.
- L4 in FIG. 12 is a linear light beam obtained by spreading the light beam emitted from the fourth light emitting unit 111 from the upper left into a line.
- L6 in FIG. 12 is a linear light beam obtained by spreading the light beam emitted from the fifth light emitting unit 111 from the upper left into a line.
- L6 in FIG. 12 is a linear light beam obtained by spreading the light beam emitted from the light emitting unit 111 located 6th from the upper left into a line shape.
- L7 in FIG. 12 is a linear light beam obtained by spreading the light beam emitted from the seventh light emitting unit 111 from the upper left into a line.
- L8 in FIG. 12 is a linear light beam obtained by spreading the light beam emitted from the light emitting unit 111 located eighth from the upper left into a line shape.
- L12 in FIG. 12 is a linear light beam obtained by spreading the light beam emitted from the light emitting unit 111 located ninth from the upper left into a line shape.
- L10 in FIG. 12 is a linear light beam obtained by spreading the light beam emitted from the light emitting unit 111 located 10th from the upper left into a line shape.
- L11 in FIG. 12 is a linear light beam obtained by spreading the light beam emitted from the 11th light emitting unit 111 from the upper left into a line.
- L12 in FIG. 12 is a linear light beam obtained by spreading the light beam emitted from the 12th light emitting unit 111 from the upper left into a line shape.
- the configuration is explained in which the line-shaped light beam is scanned in the vertical direction by spreading the light beam in a line shape in the horizontal direction and sequentially switching the light emission of each light emitting part.
- the configuration may be such that the light beam is spread in a line and scanned in the horizontal direction, or the light beam may be spread diagonally as necessary.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the diffusion plate (diffusion plate 51) in this example.
- the diffusion plate 51 is curved in the vertical direction, but has a linear shape in a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction. Such a shape allows a linear light beam to be generated without distortion.
- the center of the curve R of the diffuser plate 51 is preferably at the telecenter position of the optical lens 130.
- the curved diffuser plate is only an example, and the present invention is not limited to this. It is also possible to use a curved linear light beam using a flat diffuser plate, or to generate a linear light beam that matches the curvature aberration on the detector side.
- the diffuser plate 51 is placed beyond the optical lens 130, that is, between the optical lens 130 and the irradiation target 1000.
- the irradiation target object 1000 is irradiated with a line-shaped light beam (eg, line-shaped light beams L1 to L12).
- a lens or a diffraction grating DOE may be used instead of the diffuser plate 51 in this example.
- a cylindrical lens (cylindrical lens 55) is arranged in place of the optical lens 130, and a diffuser plate (diffuser plate 56) is placed at the tip of the cylindrical lens 55 (between the cylindrical lens 55 and the irradiation target 1000).
- a diffuser plate diffuser plate 56
- the Y direction of the light beam from the virtual light emitting point VP becomes approximately parallel light through the cylindrical lens 55.
- the diffusion plate 56 does not act in the Y direction (vertical direction).
- the cylindrical lens 55 does not act in the X direction.
- the light beam is diffused by the diffusion plate 56 and becomes a line-shaped light beam.
- the diffuser plate 56 allows a line-shaped light beam to be generated and provides the necessary FOV.
- the linear light beams (for example, linear light beams L1 to L12) emitted from the diffusion plate 56 are irradiated onto the irradiation target 1000, as shown in FIG. 14 and 16, the curved direction of the diffuser plate is different, but in FIG. 14, the diffuser plate 51 is placed ahead of the telecenter position of the optical lens 130, and in FIG. 16, the cylindrical This is an example in which the diffuser plate 56 is placed in front of the telecenter position of the lens 55, and both examples show another example in which the center of the curvature R is at the telecenter position.
- the configuration may include an optical element for generating the linear light beam described above.
- the first application example is an example in which a line-shaped light beam generated by the method described above is used to generate a duplicate pattern in the Y direction using a diffraction grating (diffraction grating 58), thereby expanding the FOV.
- a line-shaped light beam generated by the method described above is used to generate a duplicate pattern in the Y direction using a diffraction grating (diffraction grating 58), thereby expanding the FOV.
- diffraction grating 58 diffraction grating 58
- the 12 linear light beams (line-shaped Light beams L1B, L1B...L12B) are obtained.
- the diffraction grating 58 is placed between the optical lens 130 and the irradiation target 1000.
- the distance between the optical lens 130 and the diffraction grating 58 should be approximately equal to the telecenter position of the optical lens 130 (focal length of the optical lens 130). desirable.
- the linear light beam is replicated by the diffraction grating 58, which allows the FOV to be enlarged. Note that from the viewpoint of enlarging the FOV, it is preferable that the linear light beam be duplicated in the vertical direction, but it may be duplicated in either direction.
- the linear light beam may be duplicated by the diffraction grating 58 so as to be adjacent above and below a predetermined linear light beam.
- the linear light beam L1A and the linear light beam L1B are duplicated by the diffraction grating 58 so as to be adjacent to each other above and below the linear light beam L1, and the linear light beam L2A is to be adjacent to the above and below the linear light beam L2. and the linear light beam L2B is replicated by the diffraction grating 58.
- a linear light beam is duplicated by the diffraction grating 58 so as to be adjacent above and below another linear light beam.
- the duplicated linear light beams allow interpolation between the original linear light beams.
- a configuration including the diffraction grating 58 described above may be used.
- This application example is an example in which the number of line-shaped light beams irradiated onto the irradiation target 1000 is increased by driving the optical lens 130 by the driving unit.
- a drive unit 60 is connected to, for example, an optical lens 130.
- the optical lens 130 is driven in the Y direction by the drive unit 60, as schematically shown in FIG.
- a VCM Vehicle Coil Motor
- a piezo element piezo element
- a shape memory alloy element a liquid crystal element, etc.
- the linear light beam By driving the optical lens 130 by the driving unit 60, the linear light beam can be scanned in the driving direction (in this example, the Y direction).
- the driving direction in this example, the Y direction.
- the number of linear light beams in the illustrated example, linear light beams L1 to L36
- the resolution can be improved without narrowing the distance measurement range, and the number of parts can be reduced.
- the drive unit 60 may be connected to the light emitting element 110 instead of the optical lens 130, and the light emitting element 110 may be driven by the drive unit 60.
- the light emitting element 110 and the optical lens 130 may be driven by the driving section 60.
- This application example is also applicable to a configuration in which a linear light beam is not duplicated.
- the drive unit 60 may have a configuration included in the lighting device 100, or may be driven by another device.
- the light emitting parts 111 included in the light emitting element 110 are not limited to being arranged in a line, but may be arranged in a two-dimensional manner. Further, the number of light emitting elements 110 included in the lighting device 100 may be plural instead of one. For example, as shown in FIG. 23, the lighting device 100 may include three light emitting elements 110 (light emitting elements 110A, 110B, 110C). Since the desired resolution and FOV can be changed simply by changing the number of light emitting elements 110, it is possible to correspond to many system specifications, and the lighting device 100 can be made into a general-purpose device.
- the illumination device 100 has a configuration having a plurality of light emitting elements 110
- the light emitting elements 110 are arranged not in a line but, as shown in FIG. 23, adjacent to each other in the Y direction, for example.
- each light emitting element 110 is arranged diagonally so that the light emitting part 111 forms a predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of a virtually projected linear light beam, and these light emitting elements 110 are arranged along the Y direction.
- the optical lens diameter LD of the optical lens 130 can be used more effectively than in the case where the light emitting elements 110 are arranged in a line, and the lighting device 100 can be made smaller.
- the horizontal length of the region in which they are arranged is approximately equal to the length of the vertical region.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram for explaining another example of a light emitting element.
- the lighting device 100 includes, for example, 12 light emitting elements (light emitting elements 110D, 110E, 110F, . . . 110O).
- Each light emitting element according to this example has, for example, three light emitting parts 111.
- Each light emitting element 110 is arranged so that the three light emitting parts 111 are arranged in a direction (Y direction) substantially orthogonal to the line direction (X direction) of the linear light beam, and are arranged so as to be adjacent to each other. be done.
- the light emitting sections 111 of each light emitting element 110 are controlled to emit light simultaneously. According to such control, for example, first the three light emitting parts 111 of the light emitting element 110D emit light simultaneously, and at the next light emitting timing, the three light emitting parts 111 of the light emitting element 110E adjacent to the light emitting element 110D emit light simultaneously. They emit light at the same time. Then, at the next light emission timing, the three light emitting sections 111 of the light emitting element 110F adjacent to the light emitting element 110E simultaneously emit light. In this way, the light emitting elements to emit light are sequentially switched, and at the end of a certain light emitting period (one frame), the three light emitting parts 111 of the light emitting element 110O emit light.
- the object 1000 is irradiated with linear light beams L1, L13, and L25. Furthermore, the three light emitting sections 111 of the light emitting element 110E simultaneously emit light, so that the object 1000 is irradiated with linear light beams L2, L14, and L26. The three light emitting sections 111 of the light emitting element 110F simultaneously emit light, so that the object 1000 is irradiated with linear light beams L3, L15, and L27.
- the object 1000 By simultaneously emitting light from the three light emitting sections 111 of the light emitting element 110G, the object 1000 is irradiated with linear light beams L4, L16, and L28.
- the three light emitting sections 111 of the light emitting element 110H simultaneously emit light, so that the object 1000 is irradiated with linear light beams L5, L17, and L29.
- the three light emitting sections 111 of the light emitting element 110I simultaneously emit light, so that the object 1000 is irradiated with linear light beams L6, L18, and L30.
- the object 1000 is irradiated with linear light beams L7, L19, and L31.
- the object 1000 By simultaneously emitting light from the three light emitting sections 111 of the light emitting element 110K, the object 1000 is irradiated with linear light beams L8, L20, and L32.
- the three light emitting sections 111 of the light emitting element 110L simultaneously emit light, so that the object 1000 is irradiated with linear light beams L9, L21, and L33.
- the object 1000 is irradiated with linear light beams L10, L22, and L34.
- the three light emitting sections 111 of the light emitting element 110N simultaneously emit light, so that the object 1000 is irradiated with linear light beams L11, L23, and L35.
- the three light emitting sections 111 of the light emitting element 110O simultaneously emit light, so that the object 1000 is irradiated with linear light beams L12, L24, and L36.
- the line-shaped light beam based on the light beam emitted from the light emitting part of a certain light emitting element is different from that of another light emitting element (second light emitting element) adjacent to the light emitting element.
- Interpolation is performed by a line-shaped light beam based on a light beam emitted from a light emitting section having a light emitting section.
- the interval between the light emitting parts 111 of one light emitting element 110 can be increased without increasing the size of the light emitting element 110 and without reducing the number of linear light beams. Can be done.
- the light emitting parts 111 (three light emitting parts in this example) of one light emitting element 110 emit light at the same time, the number of light beams that enter the pupil is limited (for example, one light beam (limited), the safety of the lighting device 100 can be improved.
- the light emitting section 111 can emit a higher light output, and a wider distance measurement range can be obtained.
- one light emitting element 110 may have a plurality of light emitting parts 111 arranged two-dimensionally. By consolidating the light emitting parts 111 into one light emitting element 110, assembly of the lighting device 100 becomes easy. In this case, all of the light emitting sections 111 may be made to emit light, or the plurality of light emitting sections 111 may be switched in a predetermined order (scanning direction) to emit light. Furthermore, wiring within the light emitting element 110 may be added to switch the light emission of the plurality of light emitting sections 111 in the same manner as in the example described using FIG. 25.
- FIG. 27 shows an example of the configuration of the drive circuit of the lighting device 100.
- the light emitting element 110 has a plurality of light emitting parts 111.
- the number of light emitting sections 111 will be described as 12 (light emitting sections 111A, 111B, . . . , 111L, see FIG. 12).
- the anode of the light emitting section 111A is connected to the power supply VCC via the switch 75A.
- the anode of the light emitting section 111B is connected to the power supply VCC via the switch 75B.
- the anode of the light emitting section 111C is connected to the power supply VCC via a switch 75C.
- the anodes of other light emitting parts 111 are also connected to the power supply VCC via switches.
- the cathodes of the light emitting parts 111A to 111L are shared, and each cathode is connected to the switching element 76.
- the switching element 76 for example, an n-type MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) can be applied.
- the switching element 76 may be a p-type MOSFET or a bipolar transistor.
- a selection signal is supplied to the switches 75A to 75L. Depending on the selection signal, only the switch corresponding to the light emitting unit 111 to be emitted is turned on, and the other switches are turned off. Further, a control signal is supplied to the switching element 76. For example, when the timing for emitting light comes, the switching element 76 is turned on by being supplied with a control signal, thereby turning on the light emitting section 111, in other words, the light emitting section whose anode is connected to the power supply VCC. A current flows through 111, and the light emitting unit 111 to be emitted emits light. Generation of selection signals and control signals and switching control based on these are performed by, for example, the control unit 200.
- the lighting device 100 may be configured to include a control section, and the control section may perform the above-mentioned switching control and the like.
- FIG. 28 shows an example of a light emission sequence of the lighting device 100.
- a section in which one ranging image is generated in the ranging device 1 is called a "frame", and one frame is set to a time of, for example, 33.3 msec (frequency: 30 Hz).
- the distance measuring pulse for example, a light pulse of several hundred psec is emitted with a period of 100 ⁇ sec.
- a plurality of accumulation sections with different conditions can be provided within a frame.
- the next light emitting unit is caused to emit light multiple times (next) (next).
- the light emitting unit 111A is caused to emit light 10 times to irradiate the linear light beam L1 to the irradiation target 1000 10 times
- the light emitting unit 111B is caused to emit light 10 times to irradiate the linear light beam L2 to the irradiation target 1000 10 times. irradiate.
- One frame is formed by all the light emitting parts (light emitting parts 111A to 111L) emitting light and the linear light beams L1 to L12 being irradiated onto the irradiation target 1000.
- the number of times the light is emitted is not limited to 10 times, but may be any other number of times.
- histogram processing on the light receiving section 210 and distance measuring section 220 side becomes easy.
- FIG. 29 shows another example of the light emission sequence of the lighting device 100.
- one frame is formed by causing the light emitting units 111A to 111L to emit light once each, and then repeating this process multiple times.
- the number of repetitions is shown as eight in FIG. 29, it is not limited to this.
- the light emission sequence according to this example since the light emission location is switched, safety based on eye safety can be improved.
- FIG. 30 shows another configuration example of the drive circuit of the lighting device 100.
- the drive circuit shown in FIG. 30 is a drive circuit corresponding to a configuration in which the lighting device 100 has a plurality of light emitting elements 110 (for example, three light emitting elements, see FIG. 24).
- the anode side of the light emitting section 111 included in the light emitting element 110A is shared and connected to the power supply VCC via the switch 81A.
- the anode of the light emitting section 111 included in the light emitting element 110B is shared and connected to the power supply VCC via the switch 81B.
- the anode side of the light emitting section 111 included in the light emitting element 110C is shared and connected to the power supply VCC via the switch 81C.
- the cathode of the light emitting section 111 of each light emitting element is shared and connected to the switching element 82 .
- a selection signal is supplied to the switches 81A, 81B, and 81C. Depending on the selection signal, only the switch corresponding to the light emitting element 110 to emit light is turned on, and the other switches are turned off. Further, a control signal is supplied to the switching element 82. For example, when the timing for emitting light comes, the switching element 82 is turned on by being supplied with a control signal, thereby turning on the light emitting section 111, in other words, the light emitting element whose anode is connected to the power supply VCC. A current flows through the light emitting unit 111 included in the light emitting element 110, and the light emitting element 110 to emit light emits light. Generation of selection signals and control signals and switching control based on these are performed by, for example, the control unit 200.
- the lighting device 100 may be configured to include a control section, and the control section may perform the above-mentioned switching control and the like.
- a switch may be provided between the power supply VCC and each light emitting section 111 to enable individual driving of the light emitting sections 111 in the light emitting element 110.
- the light output of the light beam from the light emitting section can be increased, and the divergence angle can be decreased. This makes it possible to reduce the diameter of each of the lens sections disposed in front of the light emitting section, and to expand the distance measurement range.
- the divergence angle can be reduced, the interval between the light emitting parts can be reduced to prevent interference between the light beam emitted from one light emitting part and the light beam emitted from the light emitting part adjacent to that light emitting part. There's no need to make it bigger. Therefore, the lighting device can be made smaller. Furthermore, it becomes possible to manufacture the lighting device at low cost. Note that the effects described in this specification are merely examples and are not limiting, and other effects may also be present.
- the technology according to the present technology is not limited to the above-mentioned application examples, but can be applied to various products.
- the technology related to this technology can be applied to any type of transportation such as automobiles, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles, personal mobility, airplanes, drones, ships, robots, construction machinery, agricultural machinery (tractors), etc. It may also be realized as a device mounted on the body.
- FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system 7000, which is an example of a mobile object control system to which the technology according to the present technology can be applied.
- Vehicle control system 7000 includes multiple electronic control units connected via communication network 7010.
- the vehicle control system 7000 includes a drive system control unit 7100, a body system control unit 7200, a battery control unit 7300, an outside vehicle information detection unit 7400, an inside vehicle information detection unit 7500, and an integrated control unit 7600. .
- the communication network 7010 connecting these plurality of control units is, for example, a communication network based on any standard such as CAN (Controller Area Network), LIN (Local Interconnect Network), LAN (Local Area Network), or FlexRay (registered trademark). It may be an in-vehicle communication network.
- CAN Controller Area Network
- LIN Local Interconnect Network
- LAN Local Area Network
- FlexRay registered trademark
- Each control unit includes a microcomputer that performs calculation processing according to various programs, a storage unit that stores programs executed by the microcomputer or parameters used in various calculations, and a drive circuit that drives various devices to be controlled. Equipped with.
- Each control unit is equipped with a network I/F for communicating with other control units via the communication network 7010, and also communicates with devices or sensors inside and outside the vehicle through wired or wireless communication.
- a communication I/F is provided for communication.
- the functional configuration of the integrated control unit 7600 includes a microcomputer 7610, a general-purpose communication I/F 7620, a dedicated communication I/F 7630, a positioning section 7640, a beacon receiving section 7650, an in-vehicle device I/F 7660, an audio image output section 7670, An in-vehicle network I/F 7680 and a storage unit 7690 are illustrated.
- the other control units similarly include a microcomputer, a communication I/F, a storage section, and the like.
- the drive system control unit 7100 controls the operation of devices related to the drive system of the vehicle according to various programs.
- the drive system control unit 7100 includes a drive force generation device such as an internal combustion engine or a drive motor that generates drive force for the vehicle, a drive force transmission mechanism that transmits the drive force to wheels, and a drive force transmission mechanism that controls the steering angle of the vehicle. It functions as a control device for a steering mechanism to adjust and a braking device to generate braking force for the vehicle.
- the drive system control unit 7100 may have a function as a control device such as ABS (Antilock Brake System) or ESC (Electronic Stability Control).
- a vehicle state detection section 7110 is connected to the drive system control unit 7100.
- the vehicle state detection unit 7110 includes, for example, a gyro sensor that detects the angular velocity of the axial rotation of the vehicle body, an acceleration sensor that detects the acceleration of the vehicle, or an operation amount of an accelerator pedal, an operation amount of a brake pedal, or a steering wheel. At least one sensor for detecting angle, engine speed, wheel rotation speed, etc. is included.
- the drive system control unit 7100 performs arithmetic processing using signals input from the vehicle state detection section 7110, and controls the internal combustion engine, the drive motor, the electric power steering device, the brake device, and the like.
- the body system control unit 7200 controls the operations of various devices installed in the vehicle body according to various programs.
- the body system control unit 7200 functions as a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or a control device for various lamps such as a headlamp, a back lamp, a brake lamp, a turn signal, or a fog lamp.
- radio waves transmitted from a portable device that replaces a key or signals from various switches may be input to the body control unit 7200.
- the body system control unit 7200 receives input of these radio waves or signals, and controls the door lock device, power window device, lamp, etc. of the vehicle.
- the battery control unit 7300 controls the secondary battery 7310, which is a power supply source for the drive motor, according to various programs. For example, information such as battery temperature, battery output voltage, or remaining battery capacity is input to the battery control unit 7300 from a battery device including a secondary battery 7310. The battery control unit 7300 performs arithmetic processing using these signals, and controls the temperature adjustment of the secondary battery 7310 or the cooling device provided in the battery device.
- the external information detection unit 7400 detects information external to the vehicle in which the vehicle control system 7000 is mounted. For example, at least one of an imaging section 7410 and an external information detection section 7420 is connected to the vehicle exterior information detection unit 7400.
- the imaging unit 7410 includes at least one of a ToF (Time Of Flight) camera, a stereo camera, a monocular camera, an infrared camera, and other cameras.
- the vehicle external information detection unit 7420 includes, for example, an environmental sensor for detecting the current weather or weather, or a sensor for detecting other vehicles, obstacles, pedestrians, etc. around the vehicle equipped with the vehicle control system 7000. At least one of the surrounding information detection sensors is included.
- the environmental sensor may be, for example, at least one of a raindrop sensor that detects rainy weather, a fog sensor that detects fog, a sunlight sensor that detects the degree of sunlight, and a snow sensor that detects snowfall.
- the surrounding information detection sensor may be at least one of an ultrasonic sensor, a radar device, and a LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging, Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) device.
- the imaging section 7410 and the vehicle external information detection section 7420 may be provided as independent sensors or devices, or may be provided as a device in which a plurality of sensors or devices are integrated.
- FIG. 32 shows an example of the installation positions of the imaging section 7410 and the vehicle external information detection section 7420.
- the imaging units 7910, 7912, 7914, 7916, and 7918 are provided, for example, at at least one of the front nose, side mirrors, rear bumper, back door, and upper part of the windshield inside the vehicle 7900.
- An imaging unit 7910 provided in the front nose and an imaging unit 7918 provided above the windshield inside the vehicle mainly acquire images in front of the vehicle 7900.
- Imaging units 7912 and 7914 provided in the side mirrors mainly capture images of the sides of the vehicle 7900.
- An imaging unit 7916 provided in the rear bumper or back door mainly acquires images of the rear of the vehicle 7900.
- the imaging unit 7918 provided above the windshield inside the vehicle is mainly used to detect preceding vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles, traffic lights, traffic signs, lanes, and the like.
- FIG. 32 shows an example of the imaging range of each of the imaging units 7910, 7912, 7914, and 7916.
- Imaging range a indicates the imaging range of imaging unit 7910 provided on the front nose
- imaging ranges b and c indicate imaging ranges of imaging units 7912 and 7914 provided on the side mirrors, respectively
- imaging range d is The imaging range of an imaging unit 7916 provided in the rear bumper or back door is shown. For example, by superimposing image data captured by imaging units 7910, 7912, 7914, and 7916, an overhead image of vehicle 7900 viewed from above can be obtained.
- the external information detection units 7920, 7922, 7924, 7926, 7928, and 7930 provided at the front, rear, sides, corners, and the upper part of the windshield inside the vehicle 7900 may be, for example, ultrasonic sensors or radar devices.
- External information detection units 7920, 7926, and 7930 provided on the front nose, rear bumper, back door, and upper part of the windshield inside the vehicle 7900 may be, for example, LIDAR devices.
- These external information detection units 7920 to 7930 are mainly used to detect preceding vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles, and the like.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 7400 causes the imaging unit 7410 to capture an image of the exterior of the vehicle, and receives the captured image data. Further, the vehicle exterior information detection unit 7400 receives detection information from the vehicle exterior information detection section 7420 to which it is connected.
- the external information detection unit 7420 is an ultrasonic sensor, a radar device, or a LIDAR device
- the external information detection unit 7400 transmits ultrasonic waves or electromagnetic waves, and receives information on the received reflected waves.
- the external information detection unit 7400 may perform object detection processing such as a person, car, obstacle, sign, or text on the road surface or distance detection processing based on the received information.
- the external information detection unit 7400 may perform environment recognition processing to recognize rain, fog, road surface conditions, etc. based on the received information.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 7400 may calculate the distance to the object outside the vehicle based on the received information.
- the outside-vehicle information detection unit 7400 may perform image recognition processing or distance detection processing for recognizing people, cars, obstacles, signs, characters on the road, etc., based on the received image data.
- the outside-vehicle information detection unit 7400 performs processing such as distortion correction or alignment on the received image data, and also synthesizes image data captured by different imaging units 7410 to generate an overhead image or a panoramic image. Good too.
- the outside-vehicle information detection unit 7400 may perform viewpoint conversion processing using image data captured by different imaging units 7410.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 7500 detects in-vehicle information.
- a driver condition detection section 7510 that detects the condition of the driver is connected to the in-vehicle information detection unit 7500.
- the driver state detection unit 7510 may include a camera that images the driver, a biosensor that detects biometric information of the driver, a microphone that collects audio inside the vehicle, or the like.
- the biosensor is provided, for example, on a seat surface or a steering wheel, and detects biometric information of a passenger sitting on a seat or a driver holding a steering wheel.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 7500 may calculate the degree of fatigue or concentration of the driver based on the detection information input from the driver state detection unit 7510, or determine whether the driver is dozing off. You may.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 7500 may perform processing such as noise canceling processing on the collected audio signal.
- the integrated control unit 7600 controls overall operations within the vehicle control system 7000 according to various programs.
- An input section 7800 is connected to the integrated control unit 7600.
- the input unit 7800 is realized by, for example, a device such as a touch panel, a button, a microphone, a switch, or a lever that can be inputted by the passenger.
- the integrated control unit 7600 may be input with data obtained by voice recognition of voice input through a microphone.
- the input unit 7800 may be, for example, a remote control device that uses infrared rays or other radio waves, or an externally connected device such as a mobile phone or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) that is compatible with the operation of the vehicle control system 7000. You can.
- the input unit 7800 may be, for example, a camera, in which case the passenger can input information using gestures. Alternatively, data obtained by detecting the movement of a wearable device worn by a passenger may be input. Further, the input section 7800 may include, for example, an input control circuit that generates an input signal based on information input by a passenger or the like using the input section 7800 described above and outputs it to the integrated control unit 7600. By operating this input unit 7800, a passenger or the like inputs various data to the vehicle control system 7000 and instructs processing operations.
- the storage unit 7690 may include a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores various programs executed by the microcomputer, and a RAM (Random Access Memory) that stores various parameters, calculation results, sensor values, etc. Further, the storage unit 7690 may be realized by a magnetic storage device such as a HDD (Hard Disc Drive), a semiconductor storage device, an optical storage device, a magneto-optical storage device, or the like.
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- the general-purpose communication I/F 7620 is a general-purpose communication I/F that mediates communication with various devices existing in the external environment 7750.
- the general-purpose communication I/F7620 supports cellular communication protocols such as GSM (registered trademark) (Global System of Mobile communications), WiMAX (registered trademark), LTE (registered trademark) (Long Term Evolution), or LTE-A (LTE-Advanced). , or other wireless communication protocols such as wireless LAN (also referred to as Wi-Fi (registered trademark)) or Bluetooth (registered trademark).
- the general-purpose communication I/F 7620 connects to a device (for example, an application server or a control server) existing on an external network (for example, the Internet, a cloud network, or an operator-specific network) via a base station or an access point, for example. You may.
- the general-purpose communication I/F 7620 uses, for example, P2P (Peer To Peer) technology to communicate with a terminal located near the vehicle (for example, a driver, a pedestrian, a store terminal, or an MTC (Machine Type Communication) terminal). You can also connect it with a device (for example, an application server or a control server) existing on an external network (for example, the Internet, a cloud network, or an operator-specific network) via a base station or an access point, for example. You may.
- P2P Peer To Peer
- a terminal located near the vehicle for example, a driver, a pedestrian, a store terminal, or an MTC (Machine Type Communication) terminal. You can also connect it with
- the dedicated communication I/F 7630 is a communication I/F that supports communication protocols developed for use in vehicles.
- the dedicated communication I/F 7630 uses standard protocols such as WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicle Environment), which is a combination of lower layer IEEE802.11p and upper layer IEEE1609, DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications), or cellular communication protocol. May be implemented.
- the dedicated communication I/F 7630 typically supports vehicle-to-vehicle communication, vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, vehicle-to-home communication, and vehicle-to-pedestrian communication. ) communications, a concept that includes one or more of the following:
- the positioning unit 7640 performs positioning by receiving, for example, a GNSS signal from a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellite (for example, a GPS signal from a GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite), and determines the latitude, longitude, and altitude of the vehicle. Generate location information including. Note that the positioning unit 7640 may specify the current location by exchanging signals with a wireless access point, or may acquire location information from a terminal such as a mobile phone, PHS, or smartphone that has a positioning function.
- GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
- GPS Global Positioning System
- the beacon receiving unit 7650 receives, for example, radio waves or electromagnetic waves transmitted from a wireless station installed on the road, and obtains information such as the current location, traffic jams, road closures, or required travel time. Note that the function of the beacon receiving unit 7650 may be included in the dedicated communication I/F 7630 described above.
- the in-vehicle device I/F 7660 is a communication interface that mediates connections between the microcomputer 7610 and various in-vehicle devices 7760 present in the vehicle.
- the in-vehicle device I/F 7660 may establish a wireless connection using a wireless communication protocol such as wireless LAN, Bluetooth (registered trademark), NFC (Near Field Communication), or WUSB (Wireless USB).
- the in-vehicle device I/F 7660 connects to USB (Universal Serial Bus), HDMI (registered trademark) (High-Definition Multimedia Interface), or MHL (Mobile High).
- USB Universal Serial Bus
- HDMI registered trademark
- MHL Mobile High
- the in-vehicle device 7760 may include, for example, at least one of a mobile device or wearable device owned by a passenger, or an information device carried into or attached to the vehicle.
- the in-vehicle device 7760 may include a navigation device that searches for a route to an arbitrary destination. or exchange data signals.
- the in-vehicle network I/F 7680 is an interface that mediates communication between the microcomputer 7610 and the communication network 7010.
- the in-vehicle network I/F 7680 transmits and receives signals and the like in accordance with a predetermined protocol supported by the communication network 7010.
- the microcomputer 7610 of the integrated control unit 7600 communicates via at least one of a general-purpose communication I/F 7620, a dedicated communication I/F 7630, a positioning section 7640, a beacon reception section 7650, an in-vehicle device I/F 7660, and an in-vehicle network I/F 7680.
- the vehicle control system 7000 is controlled according to various programs based on the information obtained. For example, the microcomputer 7610 calculates a control target value for a driving force generating device, a steering mechanism, or a braking device based on acquired information inside and outside the vehicle, and outputs a control command to the drive system control unit 7100. Good too.
- the microcomputer 7610 realizes ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) functions, including vehicle collision avoidance or impact mitigation, following distance based on vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance, vehicle collision warning, vehicle lane departure warning, etc. Coordination control may be performed for the purpose of
- the microcomputer 7610 controls the driving force generating device, steering mechanism, braking device, etc. based on the acquired information about the surroundings of the vehicle, so that the microcomputer 7610 can drive the vehicle autonomously without depending on the driver's operation. Cooperative control for the purpose of driving etc. may also be performed.
- ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance System
- the microcomputer 7610 acquires information through at least one of a general-purpose communication I/F 7620, a dedicated communication I/F 7630, a positioning section 7640, a beacon reception section 7650, an in-vehicle device I/F 7660, and an in-vehicle network I/F 7680. Based on this, three-dimensional distance information between the vehicle and surrounding objects such as structures and people may be generated, and local map information including surrounding information of the current position of the vehicle may be generated. Furthermore, the microcomputer 7610 may predict dangers such as a vehicle collision, a pedestrian approaching, or entering a closed road, based on the acquired information, and generate a warning signal.
- the warning signal may be, for example, a signal for generating a warning sound or lighting a warning lamp.
- the audio and image output unit 7670 transmits an output signal of at least one of audio and images to an output device that can visually or audibly notify information to the occupants of the vehicle or to the outside of the vehicle.
- an audio speaker 7710, a display section 7720, and an instrument panel 7730 are illustrated as output devices.
- Display unit 7720 may include, for example, at least one of an on-board display and a head-up display.
- the display section 7720 may have an AR (Augmented Reality) display function.
- the output device may be other devices other than these devices, such as headphones, a wearable device such as a glasses-type display worn by the passenger, a projector, or a lamp.
- the output device When the output device is a display device, the display device displays results obtained from various processes performed by the microcomputer 7610 or information received from other control units in various formats such as text, images, tables, graphs, etc. Show it visually. Further, when the output device is an audio output device, the audio output device converts an audio signal consisting of reproduced audio data or acoustic data into an analog signal and audibly outputs the analog signal.
- control units connected via the communication network 7010 may be integrated as one control unit.
- each control unit may be composed of a plurality of control units.
- vehicle control system 7000 may include another control unit not shown.
- some or all of the functions performed by one of the control units may be provided to another control unit.
- predetermined arithmetic processing may be performed by any one of the control units.
- sensors or devices connected to any control unit may be connected to other control units, and multiple control units may send and receive detection information to and from each other via communication network 7010. .
- the lighting device of the present technology can be applied to, for example, the vehicle exterior information detection section.
- the present technology can also have the following configuration.
- the divergence angle of the light beam emitted from the light emitting part is 2 degrees or less, The lighting device according to (1).
- the light emitting section includes an excitation light source layer, a laser medium, and a saturable absorber. The lighting device according to (1) or (2).
- the light emitting section has a structure in which the excitation light source layer, the laser medium, and the saturable absorber are stacked.
- the excitation light source layer has a first reflective layer for a first wavelength and an active layer that performs surface emission of the first wavelength
- the laser medium is disposed on the rear side of the optical axis of the excitation light source layer, and has a second reflective layer for a second wavelength on a first surface facing the excitation light source layer, and a second surface opposite to the first surface.
- a third reflective layer for the first wavelength a fourth reflective layer for the second wavelength, disposed on the second surface or disposed on the rear side of the optical axis from the second surface; a first resonator that causes light of the first wavelength to resonate between the first reflective layer and the third reflective layer; a second resonator that causes light of the second wavelength to resonate between the second reflective layer and the fourth reflective layer;
- the saturable absorber has the fourth reflective layer on a third surface opposite to the laser medium,
- the optical axis of the excitation light source layer, the optical axis of the laser medium, and the optical axis of the saturable absorber are arranged on one axis, The lighting device according to (3) or (4).
- the laser medium and the saturable absorber are arranged in a stacked manner, comprising a condensing lens section that condenses the light beam emitted from the excitation light source layer onto the laser medium;
- the lighting device according to (3) comprising an optical element that converts the light beam emitted from the converter into a line-shaped light beam;
- (8) comprising a diffraction grating that divides the linear light beam into a plurality of parts;
- the driving section is configured by any one of a VCM, a piezo element, a shape memory alloy element, and a liquid crystal element.
- the lighting device according to (10). (12) a first light emitting element including a plurality of light emitting parts arranged in a direction substantially perpendicular to the line direction of the linear light beam; a second light emitting element adjacent to the first light emitting element and including a plurality of light emitting parts arranged in a direction substantially perpendicular to the line direction of the linear light beam; Line-shaped light beams based on the light beams emitted from the first light-emitting element are interpolated by line-shaped light beams based on the light beams emitted from the second light-emitting element.
- the lighting device according to (7).
- (13) The lighting device according to any one of (1) to (12), a control unit that controls the lighting device; a light receiving unit that receives reflected light reflected from an object; a distance measuring unit that calculates a measured distance from image data obtained by the light receiving unit; A distance measuring device with a (14)
- An in-vehicle device having the distance measuring device according to item (13).
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Abstract
Description
アレイ状に配列され、それぞれが略平行の光ビームを出射する複数の発光部と、
各発光部から出射される光ビームを集光する集光部と、
集光後に発散する光ビームを略平行にするとともに、それぞれの光ビームの出射方向を変える変換部と、
を有する照明装置である。
上述した照明装置と、
照明装置を制御する制御部と、
対象物から反射された反射光を受光する受光部と、
受光部で得られた画像データから測距距離を算出する測距部と、
を有する
測距装置である。
本開示は、上述した測距装置を有する車載装置でもよい。
<本開示で考慮すべき問題>
<一実施形態>
<変形例>
<応用例>
なお、以下に説明する実施形態等は本開示の好適な具体例であり、本開示の内容がこれらの実施形態等に限定されるものではない。なお、以下の説明において、実質的に同一の機能構成を有するものについては同一の符号を付し、重複説明を適宜省略する。また、図示が煩雑になることを防止するために、一部の構成のみに参照符号を付す場合や、図示を簡略化したり、拡大/縮小する場合もある。
始めに、本開示の理解を容易とするために、本開示で考慮すべき問題について説明する。発光部からの光ビームを、仮想発光点において、より小さく(より高光密度に)集光するためには、レンズアレイの焦点距離が短いことが望まれる。特許文献1に記載されているように、発光部としてVCSELを用いた場合には、VCSELからの光ビームは10度を越えるような発散光となっており、レンズアレイの焦点距離が短いと、仮想発光点からの光ビームの発散角が更に大きくなる。光ビームの発散角が大きくなると、光ビームの進行方向に配置される平行光ビームを形成するための光学レンズが大型化してしまう。また、配列された発光部の周辺の領域からの光ビームに対してレンズ収差を抑えることが難しくなり、発光部の周辺の測距性能が劣化したり、レンズ収差を抑制するためにレンズ構成が複雑となり照明装置が高価になってしまう。さらに、発光部からの光ビームが、発散角が大きい発散光である場合、発光部の面積に対して、発光部の先に配置されるレンズアレイのそれぞれの径(レンズ径)をより大きくする必要がある。発光部とレンズアレイとの距離が大きくなると、レンズアレイのレンズ径は更に大きくなってしまう。また、ある発光部から出射される光ビームと、当該発光部に隣接する発光部から出射される光ビームとの干渉を防ぐために、発光部間の間隔を大きくする必要が生じ、結果として照明装置が大型化してしまう。また、発光部により構成される発光素子が高価になってしまう。以上の点を踏まえつつ、本開示の一実施形態について詳細に説明する。
[測距装置の構成例]
図1は、一実施形態に係る照明装置(照明装置100)が適用可能な測距装置(測距装置1)の構成例を示すブロック図である。測距装置1は、照射対象物1000に対して照明光を照射して、その反射光を受光することにより、照射対象物1000との距離(測距距離)を測定する装置である。測距装置1は、例えば、ToF方式、又は、Structured Light方式を採用している。ToF方式は、測距装置から照射した光ビームが測定対象物で反射され、測距装置に戻ってくるまでの時間から距離を算出する方式である。Structured Light方式は、測距装置から測定対象物に光ビームのパターンを照射し、反射され測距装置に戻ってきた光ビームのパターンの歪みから距離を算出する方式である。
(構成例)
図2は、照明装置100の構成例を説明するための図である。照明装置100は、例えば、発光素子110と、マイクロレンズアレイ120と、光学レンズ130とを有する。
次に、図7を参照して、照明装置100を構成する各要素の数値の具体例について説明する。発光部111は、例えば、OA径(直径)が略150μmの発光面積を有する。発光部111から出射される光ビームの発散角(p-p(全角表示))は、照明装置100を小型化する観点からは、極力小さいことが望まれ、理想的には0度であり、本実施形態に係る発光部111によれば2度以下とすることができる。
(第1の構成例)
次に、発光部111の具体的な構成例について説明する。始めに、第1の構成例について説明する。図8は、本例に係る発光部111の構成例を示す図である。本例に係る発光部111は、図8Aに示すように、励起光源層の一例である励起光源2と、レーザ媒質の一例である固体レーザ媒質3と、可飽和吸収体4とを備え、それらが図8Bに示すように一体的に接合され、積層された構造を備えている。励起光源2、固体レーザ媒質3、及び、可飽和吸収体4の光軸は、例えば、一軸上に配置される。
次に、発光部111の第2の構成例について説明する。図9は、本例に係る発光部111の構成例を示す図である。本例では、固体レーザ媒質3及び可飽和吸収体4が接合されている。励起光源2としては、例えば面発光レーザアレイが用いられる。上述したように、第2反射層R2は高反射層であり、第4反射層R4は部分反射層である。励起光源2は、固体レーザ媒質3及び可飽和吸収体4と接合されておらず、励起光源2と固体レーザ媒質3との間に、集光レンズ部の一例であるマイクロレンズアレイ41が配置される。本例に係る発光部111では、励起光源2から出射された光ビームがマイクロレンズアレイ41により固体レーザ媒質3に集光される。その他の動作は、第1の構成例と同じである。本例に係る発光部111によっても、発散角が小さい光ビームを出射することができる。励起光源2は、第1波長λ1あるいは第2波長λ2の進む方向と垂直に1次元または2次元に配列された光源であってもよい。
次に、発光部111の第3の構成例について説明する。図11は、本例に係る発光部111の構成例を示す図である。励起光源2は面発光型レーザアレイを用いており、この励起光源2が複数配置されている。複数の励起光源2から出射された光ビームが、1個の光学レンズ45により集光される。集光された光ビームが固体レーザ媒質3の所定の領域へ入射する。その他の動作は、第1の構成例、第2の構成例と同じである。なお、図示しないが、図10と同様に、光学レンズ45は、複数のレンズが配列されたマイクロレンズアレイとすることも可能である。これによって、固体レーザ媒質3の複数の領域に光ビームが集光され、固体レーザ媒質3内の複数の配列した領域でQスイッチ発振した発散角が小さい光ビームが生成される。生成された光ビームが、発光部111からの光ビームLB1として出射される。
これまで説明した照明装置100から出射される平行光ビームである光ビームLB2は、ライン状光ビームにして照射対象物1000に照射されてもよい。一般的な測距システムに用いられる端面発光型レーザや面発光型レーザは、一つの発光部からの光ビームの光強度は数10W程度(高くても数100W)の光出力しか得られないが、本実施形態に係る発光部111(例えば、上述した第1の構成例を有する発光部111)は、数10kW程度(場合によっては数1000kW)の光出力を得ることができる。このため光ビームを、拡散板やシリンドリカルレンズなどを用いてライン状に広げても、所定の光強度を確保できると共に広い測距レンジを得ることができる。本実施形態では、仮想発光点VPで光をより小さく集光することで、より高い光密度を得ることができ、更に広い測距レンジを得ることができる。
(第1の例)
次に、上述したライン状光ビームを生成するための手法の例について説明する。始めに、ライン状光ビームを生成するための手法の第1の例について説明する。第1の例は、拡散板を用いてライン状光ビームを生成する例である。図13は、本例における拡散板(拡散板51)を示す図である。拡散板51は、垂直方向に湾曲している一方で、垂直方向に直交した方向は直線状の形状を備える。係る形状により、歪むことなく直線状の光ビームを生成することができる。なお、拡散板51の湾曲R中心は、光学レンズ130のテレセン位置となっていることが望ましい。また、湾曲した拡散板は一例でありこれに限定されるものではない。平面状の拡散板を用いて、湾曲したライン状光ビームを用いることも可能であるし、検出器側の湾曲収差に合わせるような、ライン状光ビームを生成するようにしてもよい。
次に、ライン状光ビームを生成するための手法の第2の例について説明する。本例は、光学レンズ130の代わりに、シリンドリカルレンズ(シリンドリカルレンズ55)を配置し、さらに、シリンドリカルレンズ55の先(シリンドリカルレンズ55と照射対象物1000との間)に拡散板(拡散板56)を配置することによりライン状光ビームを生成する例である。
(第1の応用例)
次に、上述した手法により生成したライン状光ビームを用いた応用例について説明する。第1の応用例は、上述した手法により生成したライン状光ビームを、回折格子(回折格子58)を用いてY方向に複製パターンを生成することで、FOVを拡大させる例である。例えば、図17に示すように、12個の発光部111A~発光部111Lから出射された光ビームに基づくライン状光ビームL1~L12の上方向にライン状光ビームL1~L12を複製することで、12個のライン状光ビーム(ライン状光ビームL1A、L1A・・・L12A)が得られる。また、12個の発光部111から出射された光ビームに基づくライン状光ビームL1~L12の下方向にライン状光ビームL1~L12を複製することで、12個のライン状光ビーム(ライン状光ビームL1B、L1B・・・L12B)が得られる。
本応用例は、駆動部により光学レンズ130を駆動することで、照射対象物1000に対して照射されるライン状光ビームの数を多くする例である。図20に示すように、例えば光学レンズ130に対して駆動部60が接続される。駆動部60により、図21に模式的に示すように、光学レンズ130がY方向に駆動される。駆動部60としては、VCM(Voice Coil Motor)や、ピエゾ素子、形状記憶合金素子、液晶素子などを用いることができる。
次に、発光素子110の別の例について説明する。発光素子110が有する発光部111は、一列に配置される態様に限定されることはなく、2次元状に配置されてもよい。また、照明装置100が有する発光素子110の数は、1個ではなく複数であってもよい。例えば、図23に示すように、照明装置100が3個の発光素子110(発光素子110A、110B、110C)を有するようにしてもよい。発光素子110の数を変更するだけで所望する解像度やFOVを変更することができるので、多くのシステム仕様に対応することができ、照明装置100を汎用的な装置とすることができる。
次に、一実施形態に係る照明装置100の駆動方法の一例について説明する。図27は、照明装置100の駆動回路の構成例を表したものである。同図に示すように、発光素子110は、複数の発光部111を有する。本例では、発光部111の数を12個(発光部111A、111B・・・111L、図12参照)として説明する。
以上、本開示の一実施形態について説明した。一実施形態によれば、例えば、下記の効果が得られる。
発光部からの光ビームの光出力を大きくすることができるとともに、発散角を小さくすることができる。これにより発光部の先に配置されるレンズ部のそれぞれの径を小さくすることができ、且つ、測距レンジを拡大することができる。
また、発散角を小さくすることができるため、ある発光部から出射される光ビームと、当該発光部に隣接する発光部から出射される光ビームとの干渉を防ぐために、発光部間の間隔を大きくする必要がない。従って、照明装置を小さくすることができる。また、安価に照明装置を製造することが可能となる。
なお、本明細書に記載された効果はあくまで例示であって、限定されるものではなく、また、他の効果があってもよい。
以上、本開示の実施形態について具体的に説明したが、本開示の内容は上述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本開示の技術的思想に基づく各種の変形が可能である。
また、本技術に係る技術は、上述した応用例に限定されることなく、様々な製品へ応用することができる。例えば、本技術に係る技術は、自動車、電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車、自動二輪車、自転車、パーソナルモビリティ、飛行機、ドローン、船舶、ロボット、建設機械、農業機械(トラクター)などのいずれかの種類の移動体に搭載される装置として実現されてもよい。
(1)
アレイ状に配列され、それぞれが略平行の光ビームを出射する複数の発光部と、
各発光部から出射される光ビームを集光する集光部と、
前記集光後に発散する光ビームを略平行にするとともに、それぞれの光ビームの出射方向を変える変換部と、
を有する照明装置。
(2)
前記発光部から出射される光ビームの発散角が2度以下である、
(1)に記載の照明装置。
(3)
前記発光部は、励起光源層と、レーザ媒質と、可飽和吸収体とを含む、
(1)又は(2)に記載の照明装置。
(4)
前記発光部は、前記励起光源層と、前記レーザ媒質と、前記可飽和吸収体とが積層された構造を有する、
(3)に記載の照明装置。
(5)
前記励起光源層は、第1波長に対する第1反射層と、前記第1波長の面発光を行う活性層と、を有し、
前記レーザ媒質は、前記励起光源層の光軸の後方側に配置され、前記励起光源層と対向する第1面に第2波長に対する第2反射層及び前記第1面と反対側の第2面に前記第1波長に対する第3反射層を有し、
前記第2面に配置されるか、又は、前記第2面より光軸の後方側に配置される、前記第2波長に対する第4反射層と、
前記第1反射層および前記第3反射層の間で前記第1波長の光を共振させる第1共振器と、
前記第2反射層および前記第4反射層の間で前記第2波長の光を共振させる第2共振器と、を有し、
前記可飽和吸収体は、前記レーザ媒質と反対側の第3面に前記第4反射層を有し、
前記励起光源層の光軸、前記レーザ媒質の光軸、及び、前記可飽和吸収体の光軸は、一軸上に配置される、
(3)又は(4)に記載の照明装置。
(6)
前記レーザ媒質と前記可飽和吸収体とが積層して配置されており、
前記励起光源層から出射された光ビームを前記レーザ媒質に集光する集光レンズ部を有する、
(3)に記載の照明装置。
(7)
前記変換部から出射された光ビームをライン状光ビームに変換する光学素子を有する、
(1)から(6)までの何れかに記載の照明装置。
(8)
前記ライン状光ビームを複数に分割する回折格子を有する、
(7)に記載の照明装置。
(9)
前記変換部及び前記複数の発光部の少なくとも一方が駆動部により駆動されることで、前記ライン状光ビームが走査される、
(7)又は(8)に記載の照明装置。
(10)
前記駆動部を有する、
(9)に記載の照明装置。
(11)
前記駆動部は、VCM、ピエゾ素子、形状記憶合金素子、及び、液晶素子の何れかにより構成される、
(10)に記載の照明装置。
(12)
前記ライン状光ビームのライン方向とは略直交する方向に配列される複数の発光部を含む第1発光素子と、
前記第1発光素子と隣接し、前記ライン状光ビームのライン方向とは略垂直な方向に配列される複数の発光部を含む第2発光素子とを有し、
前記第1発光素子から出射される光ビームに基づくライン状光ビームの間が、前記第2発光素子から出射される光ビームに基づくライン状光ビームにより補間される、
(7)に記載の照明装置。
(13)
(1)から(12)までの何れかに記載の照明装置と、
前記照明装置を制御する制御部と、
対象物から反射された反射光を受光する受光部と、
前記受光部で得られた画像データから測距距離を算出する測距部と、
を有する測距装置。
(14)
(13)に記載の測距装置を有する車載装置。
2・・・励起光源
3・・・固体レーザ媒質
4・・・可飽和吸収体
41・・・マイクロレンズアレイ
51、56・・・拡散板
55・・・シリンドリカルレンズ
60・・・駆動部
100・・・照明装置
110・・・発光素子
111・・・発光部
120・・・マイクロレンズアレイ
130・・・光学レンズ
200・・・制御部
210・・・受光部
220・・・測距部
Claims (14)
- アレイ状に配列され、それぞれが略平行の光ビームを出射する複数の発光部と、
各発光部から出射される光ビームを集光する集光部と、
前記集光後に発散する光ビームを略平行にするとともに、それぞれの光ビームの出射方向を変える変換部と、
を有する照明装置。 - 前記発光部から出射される光ビームの発散角が2度以下である、
請求項1に記載の照明装置。 - 前記発光部は、励起光源層と、レーザ媒質と、可飽和吸収体とを含む、
請求項1に記載の照明装置。 - 前記発光部は、前記励起光源層と、前記レーザ媒質と、前記可飽和吸収体とが積層された構造を有する、
請求項3に記載の照明装置。 - 前記励起光源層は、第1波長に対する第1反射層と、前記第1波長の面発光を行う活性層と、を有し、
前記レーザ媒質は、前記励起光源層の光軸の後方側に配置され、前記励起光源層と対向する第1面に第2波長に対する第2反射層及び前記第1面と反対側の第2面に前記第1波長に対する第3反射層を有し、
前記第2面に配置されるか、又は、前記第2面より光軸の後方側に配置される、前記第2波長に対する第4反射層と、
前記第1反射層および前記第3反射層の間で前記第1波長の光を共振させる第1共振器と、
前記第2反射層および前記第4反射層の間で前記第2波長の光を共振させる第2共振器と、を有し、
前記可飽和吸収体は、前記レーザ媒質と反対側の第3面に前記第4反射層を有し、
前記励起光源層の光軸、前記レーザ媒質の光軸、及び、前記可飽和吸収体の光軸は、一軸上に配置される、
請求項3に記載の照明装置。 - 前記レーザ媒質と前記可飽和吸収体とが積層して配置されており、
前記励起光源層から出射された光ビームを前記レーザ媒質に集光する集光レンズ部を有する、
請求項3に記載の照明装置。 - 前記変換部から出射された光ビームをライン状光ビームに変換する光学素子を有する、
請求項1に記載の照明装置。 - 前記ライン状光ビームを複数に分割する回折格子を有する、
請求項7に記載の照明装置。 - 前記変換部及び前記複数の発光部の少なくとも一方が駆動部により駆動されることで、前記ライン状光ビームが走査される、
請求項7に記載の照明装置。 - 前記駆動部を有する、
請求項9に記載の照明装置。 - 前記駆動部は、VCM、ピエゾ素子、形状記憶合金素子、及び、液晶素子の何れかにより構成される、
請求項10に記載の照明装置。 - 前記ライン状光ビームのライン方向とは略直交する方向に配列される複数の発光部を含む第1発光素子と、
前記第1発光素子と隣接し、前記ライン状光ビームのライン方向とは略垂直な方向に配列される複数の発光部を含む第2発光素子とを有し、
前記第1発光素子から出射される光ビームに基づくライン状光ビームの間が、前記第2発光素子から出射される光ビームに基づくライン状光ビームにより補間される、
請求項7に記載の照明装置。 - 請求項1に記載の照明装置と、
前記照明装置を制御する制御部と、
対象物から反射された反射光を受光する受光部と、
前記受光部で得られた画像データから測距距離を算出する測距部と、
を有する測距装置。 - 請求項13に記載の測距装置を有する車載装置。
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| WO2026004630A1 (ja) * | 2024-06-24 | 2026-01-02 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 発光モジュール |
| WO2026023382A1 (ja) * | 2024-07-25 | 2026-01-29 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 発光モジュールおよび光学装置 |
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| JP2017204618A (ja) * | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-16 | 株式会社リコー | 面発光レーザ素子、面発光レーザアレイ、画像形成装置、画像表示装置、レーザ加工機、レーザアニール装置、点火装置及び面発光レーザ素子の製造方法。 |
| WO2019053998A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-13 | 2019-03-21 | ソニー株式会社 | 距離測定モジュール |
| JP2020092256A (ja) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-11 | 株式会社リコー | 光源、光源装置、光学装置、計測装置、ロボット、電子機器、移動体、および造形装置 |
| WO2020166420A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-13 | 2020-08-20 | ソニー株式会社 | レーザ加工機、加工方法及びレーザ光源 |
| WO2021043851A1 (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-03-11 | Xenomatix Nv | Projector for a solid-state lidar system |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP4585965A1 (de) * | 2024-01-09 | 2025-07-16 | Sick Ag | Beleuchtungseinrichtung für einen optoelektronischen sensor zum erfassen von objekten in einem überwachungsbereich und optoelektronischer sensor |
| WO2026004630A1 (ja) * | 2024-06-24 | 2026-01-02 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 発光モジュール |
| WO2026023382A1 (ja) * | 2024-07-25 | 2026-01-29 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 発光モジュールおよび光学装置 |
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| US20250362411A1 (en) | 2025-11-27 |
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