WO2023240853A1 - 一种锚杆及其应用方法 - Google Patents

一种锚杆及其应用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023240853A1
WO2023240853A1 PCT/CN2022/124565 CN2022124565W WO2023240853A1 WO 2023240853 A1 WO2023240853 A1 WO 2023240853A1 CN 2022124565 W CN2022124565 W CN 2022124565W WO 2023240853 A1 WO2023240853 A1 WO 2023240853A1
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Prior art keywords
hole
annular
anchor body
anchor
anchor rod
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PCT/CN2022/124565
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐超
何俊彪
陶然
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中国港湾工程有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2023240853A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023240853A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E21D20/028—Devices or accesories for injecting a grouting liquid in a bore-hole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, and more specifically to an anchor rod and an application method thereof.
  • the present invention provides an anchor rod and an application method thereof.
  • An anchor rod inserted into a hole including:
  • the anchor body is hollow inside and has one end open and the other end closed.
  • An overflow hole is provided on the side wall of the anchor body, and the closed end of the anchor body is limited in the hole;
  • the packers are provided with two and both are installed on the anchor body.
  • the packers include an elastic annular bladder, and a grouting hole is opened on the annular bladder.
  • the annular bladder is sleeved on the anchor body, and the two annular bladders can separate the hole into two annular sealing areas along the length direction of the anchor body, and the overflow hole is limited to It is located between the closed end of the anchor body and the annular bladder closest to the closed end of the anchor body.
  • the present invention provides an anchor rod.
  • the present invention provides a hollow anchor rod body and a packer, and an overflow hole is provided on the anchor rod body.
  • the above-mentioned arrangement Ensure that the bottom area of the hole can be fully filled to improve the anchoring effect of the anchor body; due to the two packers, this setting can further improve the anchoring effect of the anchor body, allowing the anchor body to maintain good axial tension.
  • the overflow holes there are multiple overflow holes. This setting ensures that the expanded mortar can smoothly flow through the overflow hole to the inside of the anchor body.
  • the packer further includes a casing, the casing is coaxially fixed on the anchor body, the annular bladder is embedded on the outer side of the casing, and the outer wall of the annular bladder is Can closely contact the wall of the hole. This arrangement ensures that the annular bladder can be reliably fixed to the anchor body through the casing.
  • it also includes a grouting pipe one, a grouting pipe two and a grouting pipe three.
  • One end of the grouting pipe is limited to the outside of the hole, and the other end is connected to a grouting pipe close to the opening of the hole.
  • the grouting holes on the annular bag are connected; one end of the grouting tube is limited to the outside of the hole, and the other end is limited from the bottom of the hole to the hole closest to the hole.
  • a hole is opened on the side wall of the second grouting tube and connected with the grouting hole on the one of the annular bags at the bottom of the hole closest to the hole;
  • One end of the grouting pipe is limited outside the hole, and the other end is limited between the two annular bags.
  • An application method of anchor rods In the hole, the area formed between two adjacent annular bladders is area one. The bottom of the hole is adjacent to the bottom of the hole. The area formed between one of the annular sacs is area two. The method is as follows:
  • the polymer foundation material is made of water, cement, quartz sand, polymer water-soluble rubber powder, water reducing agent, early strength agent, expansion agent and anti-segregation agent.
  • the above arrangement can improve the anchoring performance of the anchor rod and the hole, and can strengthen the geological conditions at the opening of the hole.
  • the present invention provides an application method of anchor rods, which combines the anchor rod body with two packers fixed, and successively fills the hole with expansion mortar and
  • the polymer foundation material enables the anchor body in the present invention to be reliably anchored in the hole, and ensures that the bottom area of the hole can be fully filled, improving the filling effect; when the geology at the opening of the hole is unstable, the polymer foundation material
  • the physical foundation material can stabilize the geology of the location and prevent further damage to the geology of the location, allowing the anchor body to maintain good axial tension for a long time without being affected by the environment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of anchor rods in the hole.
  • 1 is the anchor body
  • 10 is the overflow hole
  • 2 is the annular bladder
  • 3 is the casing
  • 4 is the grouting pipe one
  • 5 is the grouting pipe two
  • 6 is the grouting pipe three
  • 7 is the surrounding rock plastic zone.
  • 8 is the stable soil layer.
  • the invention discloses an anchor and its application method.
  • a hollow anchor body 1 and a packer are provided.
  • the anchor body 1 is provided with an overflow hole 10.
  • the above arrangement ensures that the bottom area of the hole can achieve full Filling, and because expansion mortar is used, the expansion mortar will expand when hardened. While further achieving full filling, the anchor body 1 will be reliably anchored in the hole; due to the two packers, on the one hand, it can ensure The anchor body 1 will be reliably anchored in the hole.
  • the polymer foundation material can stabilize the geology at this location and prevent further damage to the geology at this location, making the anchor
  • the rod body 1 can maintain good axial tension for a long time without being affected by the environment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the entire and partial structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the utility model specifically discloses an anchor rod, which is inserted into a hole.
  • the hole here can be drilled on the inner wall of the tunnel.
  • the inner wall of the tunnel There are mainly two layers of areas from the outside to the inside.
  • the outermost layer is the surrounding rock plastic zone 7, and the innermost layer is the stable soil layer 8.
  • the anchor includes:
  • the anchor body 1 is hollow inside and has one end open and the other end closed.
  • a plurality of overflow holes 10 are provided on the side wall of the anchor body 1, and the closed end of the anchor body 1 is limited in the hole;
  • the packer includes an elastic annular bag 2.
  • the annular bag 2 is a leather bag.
  • the annular bag 2 is hollow and elastic inside. A grouting hole is provided on the annular bag 2.
  • the annular bag 2 is set On the anchor body 1, two annular bladders 2 can separate the hole into two annular sealing areas along the length direction of the anchor body 1.
  • the overflow hole 10 is limited to the closed end of the anchor body 1 to the end. Between an annular bag 2 close to the closed end of the anchor body 1.
  • the packer also includes a casing 3, which is coaxially fixed on the anchor body 1.
  • An annular bladder 2 is set on the outside of the casing 3, and the outer wall of the annular bladder 2 can be connected with the hole of the hole. The walls are tightly abutted.
  • a grouting pipe 4 is limited to the outside of the hole, and the other end is connected to a ring near the opening of the hole.
  • the grouting holes on the bag 2 are connected; one end of the grouting tube 25 is limited to the outside of the hole, and the other end is limited between the bottom of the hole and an annular bag 2 at the bottom of the hole closest to the hole.
  • the grouting tube 2 There is a hole on the side wall of the second 5 and is connected with the grouting hole on an annular bag 2 at the bottom of the hole closest to the hole; one end of the grouting pipe 36 is limited to the outside of the hole, and the other end is limited to the two rings. between 2 capsules.
  • the application method of this anchor is as follows:
  • the length of the anchor body 1 is greater than the depth of the hole to ensure that both annular bladders 2 can be limited in the hole;
  • the polymer foundation material in this embodiment is made of water, cement, quartz sand, polymer water-soluble rubber powder, water reducing agent, early strength agent, expansion agent and anti-segregation agent.
  • the expanded mortar in this embodiment is made of expanded cement, quartz sand and water.
  • the expansion mortar will expand when it hardens. Coupled with the tight sealing of the hole by the packer, it is ensured that the anchor body 1 corresponding to the area 2 position will be reliable.
  • the ground is anchored to the stable soil layer 8; a polymer foundation material is filled in the area corresponding to the surrounding rock plastic zone 7. The polymer foundation material can further strengthen the surrounding rock plastic zone 7, thereby improving the overall anchoring effect.

Abstract

一种锚杆及其应用方法，锚杆包括：锚杆本体（1）一端开口另一端封闭且其侧壁上开设有溢流孔（10），锚杆本体（1）的封闭端限位在孔内；锚杆本体（1）上套装有两个封隔器，封隔器包括开设有注浆孔的环状囊（2），环状囊（2）套装在锚杆本体（1）上，两个环状囊（2）能够将孔分隔成两个呈环形的密封区域。通过设置中空的锚杆本体（1）以及封隔器，锚杆本体（1）上开设有溢流孔（10），确保孔的底部区域能够实现满填充，提高锚杆本体（1）的锚固效果；由于设置两个封隔器，能够进一步提高锚杆本体（1）的锚固能力，使得锚杆本体（1）能保持良好的轴向拉力。

Description

一种锚杆及其应用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及隧道施工领域，更具体地说是涉及一种锚杆及其应用方法。
背景技术
受覆盖层及围岩塑性区自身压力的影响，部分山岭隧道常年处于变形破坏中。为此，相关人员通常会选用锚杆作为支护措施。但是现在锚杆的结构不能与土体实现可靠的固定，同时不能减缓和改善围岩塑性区的破坏，对阻止隧道变形的效果有限。
因此，如何提供一种锚杆及其应用方法，使其能够克服上述问题，是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种锚杆及其应用方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种锚杆，插设至孔中，包括：
锚杆本体，所述锚杆本体内部中空且其一端开口另一端封闭，所述锚杆本体的侧壁上开设有溢流孔，所述锚杆本体的封闭端限位在所述孔内；
封隔器，所述封隔器设置有两个且均安装在所述锚杆本体上，所述封隔器包括具有弹性的环状囊，所述环状囊上开设有注浆孔，所述环状囊套装在所述锚杆本体上，两个所述环状囊能够将所述孔沿所述锚杆本体的长度方向分隔成两个呈环形的密封区域，所述溢流孔限位在所述锚杆本体的封闭端至最靠近所述锚杆本体的封闭端的一个所述环状囊之间。
经由上述的技术方案可知，与现有技术相比，本发明公开提供了一种锚杆，本发明通过设置中空的锚杆本体以及封隔器，锚杆本体上开设有溢流孔，上述设置确保孔的底部区域能够实现满填充，提高锚杆本体的锚固效果；由于设置两个封隔器，该设置能够进一步提高锚杆本体的锚固效果，使得锚杆本体能保持良好的轴向拉力。
优选的，所述溢流孔设置有多个。该设置确保膨胀砂浆能够顺利地穿过溢流孔流至锚杆本体内部。
优选的，所述封隔器还包括套管，所述套管同轴套固在所述锚杆本体上，所述套管的外侧套固有所述环状囊，所述环状囊的外壁能够与所述孔的孔壁紧密抵接。该设置确保环状囊能够通过套管可靠地与锚杆本体固定。
优选的，还包括注浆管一、注浆管二以及注浆管三，所述注浆管一一端限位在所述孔的外部，另一端与靠近所述孔的孔口处的一个所述环状囊上的所述注浆孔连通；所述注浆管二一端限位在所述孔的外部，另一端限位在所述孔的孔底部至最靠近所述孔的孔底部的一个所述环状囊之间，所述注浆管二的侧壁上开孔并与最靠近所述孔的孔底部的一个所述环状囊上的所述注浆孔连通；所述注浆管三一端限位在所述孔的外部，另一端限位在两个所述环状囊之间。通过设置注浆管一、注浆管二以及注浆管三，能够实现对孔以及环状囊的可靠注浆。
一种锚杆的应用方法，在所述孔内，相邻的两个所述环状囊之间形成的区域为区域一，所述孔的孔底部与和所述孔的孔底部相邻的一个所述环状囊之间形成的区域为区域二，该方法如下：
①在工作面上钻设所述孔，向所述孔内插入所述锚杆本体，所述锚杆本体的长度大于所述孔的深度，确保两个所述环状囊均能够限位在所述孔内；
②同时向最靠近所述孔的孔底部的一个所述环状囊和所述区域二内灌充膨胀砂浆，当最靠近所述孔的孔底部的一个所述环状囊的外壁与所述孔的孔壁紧密抵接，且所述膨胀砂浆穿过所述溢流孔并从所述锚杆本体的开口端流出时，停止灌充所述膨胀砂浆；
③向最靠近所述孔的孔口处的一个所述环状囊内灌充高聚物地基材料；
④向所述区域一内灌充所述高聚物地基材料。
优选的，所述高聚物地基材料采用水、水泥、石英砂、高分子水溶性胶粉、减水剂、早强剂、膨胀剂以及抗离析剂混合而成。上述设置能够提高锚杆与孔的锚固性能，并且能够强化孔的孔口处的地质条件。
经由上述的技术方案可知，与现有技术相比，本发明公开提供了一种锚杆的应用方法，结合固定有两个封隔器的锚杆本体，通过向孔内先后灌充膨胀砂浆和高聚物地基材料，使得本发明中的锚杆本体能够可靠地锚固在孔内，并且确保孔的底部区域能够实现满填充，提高填充效果；当孔的孔口处地质不稳定时，高聚物地基材料能够稳定该位置的地质，并且防止该位置的地质进一步破坏，使得锚杆本体能长时间保持良好的轴向拉力，而不受环境影响。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1是一种锚杆在孔内的布置示意图。
在图中：
1为锚杆本体、10为溢流孔、2为环状囊、3为套管、4为注浆管一、5为注浆管二、6为注浆管三、7为围岩塑性区、8为稳定土层。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明公开了一种锚杆及其应用方法，本发明通过设置中空的锚杆本体1以及封隔器，锚杆本体1上开设有溢流孔10，上述设置确保孔的底部区域能够实现满填充，又由于采用的是膨胀砂浆，膨胀砂浆在硬化时会膨胀，在进一步实现满填充的同时，锚杆本体1会可靠地锚固在孔内；由于设置两个封隔器，一方面能够确保锚杆本体1会可靠地锚固在孔内，另一方面，当孔的孔口处地质不稳定时，高聚物地基材料能够稳定该位置的地质，并且防止该位置的地质进一步破坏，使得锚杆本体1能长时间保持良好的轴向拉力，而不受环境影响。
实施例
参见附图1为本发明的一种实施方式的整体和部分结构示意图，本实用新型具体公开了一种锚杆，插设至孔中，此处的孔可以钻设在隧道内壁上，隧道内壁由外之内主要有两层区域，最外层为围岩塑性区7，最内层为稳定土层8，该锚杆包括：
锚杆本体1，锚杆本体1内部中空且其一端开口另一端封闭，锚杆本体1的侧壁上开设有多个溢流孔10，锚杆本体1的封闭端限位在孔内；
封隔器，封隔器设置有两个且均安装在锚杆本体1上，一个封隔器靠近孔的孔口处，另一个封隔器布置在围岩塑性区7与稳定土层8的交界处，两个封 隔器的具体位置确定，需要预先在隧道内壁上钻孔取芯，通过岩芯样本来确定锚杆的长度以及两个封隔器相对于锚杆本体1的具体位置；封隔器包括具有弹性的环状囊2，本实施例中的环状囊2为皮囊，环状囊2内部中空且具有弹性，环状囊2上开设有注浆孔，环状囊2套装在锚杆本体1上，两个环状囊2能够将孔沿锚杆本体1的长度方向分隔成两个呈环形的密封区域，溢流孔10限位在锚杆本体1的封闭端至最靠近锚杆本体1的封闭端的一个环状囊2之间。
进一步具体的，封隔器还包括套管3，套管3同轴套固在锚杆本体1上，套管3的外侧套固有环状囊2，环状囊2的外壁能够与孔的孔壁紧密抵接。
进一步具体的，还包括注浆管一4、注浆管二5以及注浆管三6，注浆管一4一端限位在孔的外部，另一端与靠近孔的孔口处的一个环状囊2上的注浆孔连通；注浆管二5一端限位在孔的外部，另一端限位在孔的孔底部至最靠近孔的孔底部的一个环状囊2之间，注浆管二5的侧壁上开孔并与最靠近孔的孔底部的一个环状囊2上的注浆孔连通；注浆管三6一端限位在孔的外部，另一端限位在两个环状囊2之间。
在孔内，相邻的两个环状囊2之间形成的区域定义为区域一，孔的孔底部与和孔的孔底部相邻的一个环状囊2之间形成的区域定义为区域二，该锚杆的应用方法如下：
①在工作面上钻设孔，向孔内插入锚杆本体1，锚杆本体1的长度大于孔的深度，确保两个环状囊2均能够限位在孔内；
②通过注浆管二5同时向最靠近孔的孔底部的一个环状囊2和区域二内灌充膨胀砂浆，当最靠近孔的孔底部的一个环状囊2的外壁与孔的孔壁紧密抵接，且膨胀砂浆穿过溢流孔10并从锚杆本体1的开口端流出时，停止灌充膨胀砂浆；
③通过注浆管一4向最靠近孔的孔口处的一个环状囊2内灌充高聚物地基材料；
④通过注浆管三6向区域一内灌充高聚物地基材料。
本实施例中的高聚物地基材料采用水、水泥、石英砂、高分子水溶性胶粉、减水剂、早强剂、膨胀剂以及抗离析剂混合而成。
本实施例中的膨胀砂浆采用膨胀水泥、石英砂以及水混合而成。
在与稳定土层8对应的区域二中填充膨胀砂浆，膨胀砂浆在硬化时会膨胀，再配合封隔器对孔的紧密封堵，因此，保证与区域二位置对应的锚杆本体1会可靠地与稳定土层8锚固；在与围岩塑性区7对应的区域一种填充高聚物地基 材料，高聚物地基材料能够对围岩塑性区7进一步加强，进而提高整体的锚固效果。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种锚杆，插设至孔中，其特征在于，包括：
    锚杆本体(1)，所述锚杆本体(1)内部中空且其一端开口另一端封闭，所述锚杆本体(1)的侧壁上开设有溢流孔(10)，所述锚杆本体(1)的封闭端限位在所述孔内；
    封隔器，所述封隔器设置有两个且均安装在所述锚杆本体(1)上，所述封隔器包括具有弹性的环状囊(2)，所述环状囊(2)上开设有注浆孔，所述环状囊(2)套装在所述锚杆本体(1)上，两个所述环状囊(2)能够将所述孔沿所述锚杆本体(1)的长度方向分隔成两个呈环形的密封区域，所述溢流孔(10)限位在所述锚杆本体(1)的封闭端至最靠近所述锚杆本体(1)的封闭端的一个所述环状囊(2)之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种锚杆，其特征在于，所述溢流孔(10)设置有多个。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种锚杆，其特征在于，所述封隔器还包括套管(3)，所述套管(3)同轴套固在所述锚杆本体(1)上，所述套管(3)的外侧套固有所述环状囊(2)，所述环状囊(2)的外壁能够与所述孔的孔壁紧密抵接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种锚杆，其特征在于，还包括注浆管一(4)、注浆管二(5)以及注浆管三(6)，所述注浆管一(4)一端限位在所述孔的外部，另一端与靠近所述孔的孔口处的一个所述环状囊(2)上的所述注浆孔连通；所述注浆管二(5)一端限位在所述孔的外部，另一端限位在所述孔的孔底部至最靠近所述孔的孔底部的一个所述环状囊(2)之间，所述注浆管二(5)的侧壁上开孔并与最靠近所述孔的孔底部的一个所述环状囊(2)上的所述注浆孔连通；所述注浆管三(6)一端限位在所述孔的外部，另一端限位在两个所述环状囊(2)之间。
  5. 一种锚杆的应用方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-4任一项的一种锚杆，在所述孔内，相邻的两个所述环状囊(2)之间形成的区域为区域一，所述孔的孔底部与和所述孔的孔底部相邻的一个所述环状囊(2)之间形成的区域为区域二，该方法如下：
    ①在工作面上钻设所述孔，向所述孔内插入所述锚杆本体(1)，所述锚杆本体(1)的长度大于所述孔的深度，确保两个所述环状囊(2)均能够限位在所述孔内；
    ②同时向最靠近所述孔的孔底部的一个所述环状囊(2)和所述区域二内灌 充膨胀砂浆，当最靠近所述孔的孔底部的一个所述环状囊(2)的外壁与所述孔的孔壁紧密抵接，且所述膨胀砂浆穿过所述溢流孔(10)并从所述锚杆本体(1)的开口端流出时，停止灌充所述膨胀砂浆；
    ③向最靠近所述孔的孔口处的一个所述环状囊(2)内灌充高聚物地基材料；
    ④向所述区域一内灌充所述高聚物地基材料。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种锚杆的应用方法，其特征在于，所述高聚物地基材料采用水、水泥、石英砂、高分子水溶性胶粉、减水剂、早强剂、膨胀剂以及抗离析剂混合而成。
PCT/CN2022/124565 2022-07-13 2022-10-11 一种锚杆及其应用方法 WO2023240853A1 (zh)

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