CN108625820A - 一种瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置及其封孔方法 - Google Patents
一种瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置及其封孔方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108625820A CN108625820A CN201810608028.1A CN201810608028A CN108625820A CN 108625820 A CN108625820 A CN 108625820A CN 201810608028 A CN201810608028 A CN 201810608028A CN 108625820 A CN108625820 A CN 108625820A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置，包括分别作为抽采管和排水管的两路束管，所述两路束管下至孔底煤层底板处，所述两路束管下到煤层底板至孔底段之间区域处开设有花眼；所述两路束管上套设有一个封孔囊袋，所述封孔囊袋设置于孔内座底处，用于将钻孔封孔；所述封孔囊袋上还设置有注浆管，所述注浆管沿钻孔插入所述封孔囊袋内，用于向所述封孔囊袋内及钻孔内注浆。本发明还公开了基于该装置的封孔方法。本发明的优点在于：本发明避免了接头漏气对抽采效果的影响，减少孔内套管所占空间，提高了封孔质量，抽采浓度提升了6倍以上；封孔材料简单，单孔成本相对节省了50％。
Description
一种瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置及其封孔方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及煤矿瓦斯处理技术领域，具体涉及一种瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置及其封孔方法。
背景技术
[0002] 煤矿瓦斯抽采就是向煤层和瓦斯集聚区域打钻，将钻孔接在专用的管路上，用抽采设备将煤层和采空区中的瓦斯抽至地面，加以利用；或排放至总回风流中。抽采瓦斯不仅是降低开采过程中的瓦斯涌出量、防止瓦斯超限和积聚，预防瓦斯爆炸和煤与瓦斯突出事故的重要措施，还可变害为利，作为煤炭伴生的资源加以开发利用。
[0003] 封孔是煤矿抽采瓦斯钻孔中的一项重要技术，钻孔的密封性直接影响抽采效果。目前采用的主流封孔技术为“两堵一注”法，即在钻孔两端通过树脂材料和封孔囊袋堵孔，中间用水泥浆加压注浆，使钻孔密封，其优点在于能使钻孔周围的裂缝得到充填、密闭，抑制内部气体、液体外渗，另一方面能使钻孔得到可靠的支护，保证钻孔的稳定。但该方法仍存在密封效果较差的缺点，导致抽采浓度普遍很低，具体原因如下：
[0004] 1、钻孔封孔注浆后，水泥浆液会沉淀收缩，凝固后钻孔封孔段的上部就形成一个空白带，钻孔合茬抽采时，就容易从空白带的套管管接处漏气造成抽采浓度差。
[0005] 2、在送套管过程中，由于套管与孔壁之间的间隙较小，封孔囊袋与孔壁摩擦容易出现漏液，使囊袋未能形成座底封孔。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明针对上述技术问题，提出了一种瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置，采用“一堵一注”方式对钻孔进行封孔，有效解决了密封性差的问题，提高了瓦斯抽采浓度;本发明还提出了基于该封孔装置的封孔方法。
[0007] 本发明采用以下技术方案解决上述技术问题之一：一种瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置，包括分别作为抽采管和排水管的两路束管，所述两路束管下至孔底煤层底板处，所述两路束管下到煤层底板至孔底段之间区域处开设有花眼;所述两路束管上套设有一个封孔囊袋，所述封孔囊袋设置于孔内座底处，用于将钻孔封孔;所述封孔囊袋上还设置有注浆管，所述注浆管沿钻孔插入所述封孔囊袋内，用于向所述封孔囊袋内及钻孔内注浆。
[0008] 优化的，为了减少插接处漏气的问题，所述两路束管均采用整盘式聚氯乙烯束管。
[0009] 优化的，所述两路束管下部通过胶带捆扎，形成一路套管，以便于抵开钻头。
[0010] 优化的，所述封孔囊袋采用袖筒布与橡胶、乳胶复合而成的弹性薄壁材料或膨胀橡胶管，所述封孔囊袋表面还密布用于排气的穿刺微孔。
[0011] 本发明采用以下技术方案解决上述技术问题之二：一种瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔方法，采用如上所述的瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置，包括如下步骤：
[0012] 1)下管：用金属探杆从孔口下入两路束管至孔底，所述两路束管分别作为抽采管和排水管;将两路束管下部用胶带捆扎，形成一路套管以便抵开钻头，所述束管下到煤层底 板至孔底段之间区域处开设有花眼。
[0013] 2)囊袋固定:待所述两路束管下到位后，将封孔囊袋套在所述两路束管上，用金属探杆将封孔囊袋送入孔内进行座底封孔；
[0014] 3)安装注浆管:在孔口设置注浆管，所述注浆管沿钻孔插入所述封孔囊袋内；
[0015] 4)用注浆管注衆：用水泥/水质量比为0.7-1:1的比例搅拌均匀水泥浆，用注浆管 进行注浆，至爆破阀打开囊袋注满后，继续注浆至孔口返浆，注满后用水泥把孔口抹平，封孔结束。
[0016]其中，所述水泥为膨胀水泥。
[0017]本发明的优点在于：
[0018] 1.抽采套管由插接式改为整盘式，避免了接头漏气对抽采效果的影响。
[0019] 2.省掉返衆管、专用吹水管、PVC套管，减少孔内套管所占空间，提高封孔质量。
[0020] 3.相较于传统封孔工艺，抽采浓度提升了 6倍以上。
[0021] 4.仅需要下入孔内两路聚氯乙烯束管，囊袋封孔器(一堵），单孔成本相对节省了50% 〇
附图说明
[0022] 图1为本发明的封孔整体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0023] 以下结合附图对本发明进行详细的描述。
[0024] 实施例1
[0025] 如图1所示，一种瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置，包括分别作为抽采管1和排水管2的两路束管，所述两路束管下至孔底煤层3底板处，所述两路束管下到煤层底板至孔底段之间区域处开设有花眼4;所述两路束管上套设有一个封孔囊袋5，所述封孔囊袋5设置于孔内座底处，用于将钻孔6封孔;所述封孔囊袋5上还设置有注浆管7，所述注浆管7沿钻孔6插入所述封孔囊袋5内，用于向所述封孔囊袋5内及钻孔6内注浆。
[0026] 为了减少插接处漏气的问题，所述两路束管均采用整盘式聚氯乙烯束管。
[0027] 所述两路束管下部通过胶带捆扎（图未显示），形成一路套管，以便于抵开钻头。
[0028] 所述封孔囊袋采用袖筒布与橡胶、乳胶复合而成的弹性薄壁材料或膨胀橡胶管，所述封孔囊袋表面还密布用于排气的穿刺微孔。
[0029] 实施例2
[0030] 一种瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔方法，采用如上所述的瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置，包括如下步骤：
[0031] 1)下管：用金属探杆从孔口下入两路束管至孔底，所述两路束管分别作为抽采管1和排水管2;将两路束管下部用胶带捆扎，形成一路套管以便抵开钻头，所述束管下到煤层3底板至孔底段之间区域处开设有花眼4。
[0032] 2)囊袋固定:待所述两路束管下到位后，将封孔囊袋5套在所述两路束管上，用金属探杆将封孔囊袋5送入孔内进行座底封孔；
[0033] 3)安装注浆管:在孔口设置注浆管7，所述注浆管7沿钻孔6插入所述封孔囊袋5内；
[0034] 4)用注浆管注浆：用膨胀水泥水泥/水质量比为0.7-1:1的比例搅拌均匀水泥浆，用注浆管7进行注浆，至爆破阀打开囊袋注满后，继续注浆至孔口返浆，注满后用水泥把孔口抹平，封孔结束。
[0035] 实施例3
[0036] 某轨顺顶板巷现场抽采封孔对比施工情况：
[0037] (一)现场地质情况及设计规格
[0038] 1151 (1)轨顺顶板巷煤层最大瓦斯压力为0.78MPa，最大瓦斯含量为4.83m3/t。设计长度2141m，断面规格:宽X高(净）=5200 X 3800mm (净），锚网索+套29U棚支护。巷道内每50米布置一个钻场，在钻场和巷道内施工下向穿层钻孔，沿巷道走向每I0米设计一组钻孔，每组10个钻孔，孔底间距5m*10m。要求钻孔全程下套管封孔，封孔长度不小于12米。
[0039] (二)钻孔封孔施工对比情况
[0040] 第一组采用传统的两堵一注工艺进行封孔，在此不再赘述。
[0041] 第二组采用“全程套管护孔工艺”下入1吋PVC插接式套管。将两路Φ 12mm聚氯乙烯束管穿入1吋套管内下入孔底。其中，11-2煤层底板至孔底段将聚氯乙烯束管掏洞，在11-2见煤点向上2〜4m位置用聚氨酯将1吋管和两路聚氯乙烯束管进行固定。
[0042] 采用“一堵一注”工艺进行封孔（只设置内堵头）。将囊袋式封孔器下囊袋套在1吋管上，用金属探杆将囊袋捣入孔内，深度不小于20米，撤出探杆。
[0043] 向囊袋内注入水泥浆，至爆破阀打开囊袋注满后，继续注浆至孔口返浆，浆液通过孔口 1吋花管灌入1吋管和聚氯乙烯束管之间的间隙，注满后用水泥把孔口抹平，封孔结束。
[0044] (三)抽采浓度对比
[0045] 第一组钻孔采用原两堵一注封孔工艺封孔时，1#钻场合茬抽采24小时内干管抽采浓度在2 %〜5 %之间，钻孔合茬后一周单孔浓度如下表1所示：
[0046] 表1:
[0047]
[0048] 第二组钻孔均采用新封孔工艺进行封孔，5#钻场合茬抽采24小时内干管抽采达到20 %以上，钻孔合茬后一周单孔浓度如下表2所示：
[0049] 表2:
[0052] 实施例4
[0053] 某轨顺顶板巷现场抽采封孔施工情况：
[0054] (一)现场地质情况及设计规格
[0055] 1222 (1)轨顺顶板巷煤层实测瓦斯含量为5.17m3/t，瓦斯压力0.62MPa。设计工程量1148m，断面规格：宽X高（净）=5200X3800mm (净），巷道采用锚网、锚梁网索支护，局部采用架“U”型棚支护，巷道最大起伏坡度为8 °。
[0056] 设计12组96个措施孔和4个效检孔，工程量4399m。倾角范围：-27〜-70°，孔深范围：30〜62米。
[0057] (二)钻孔封孔施工情况
[0058] 采用“全程套管护孔工艺”下入两路Φ 12mm聚氯乙烯束管，将两路束管孔底用胶带捆扎l〇m，形成一路套管以便抵开钻头，11-2煤层底板至孔底段将聚氯乙烯束管掏洞。
[0059] “一堵一注”工艺进行封孔（只设置内堵头）。用金属探杆将囊袋捣入孔内，深度不小于20米，撤出探杆。
[0060] 向囊袋内注入水泥浆，至爆破阀打开囊袋注满后，继续注浆至孔口返浆，注满后用水泥把孔口抹平，封孔结束。
[0061] (三)抽采浓度分析
[0062] 该处钻孔使用本发明的新封孔工艺进行封孔，随机选择10#钻场合茬抽采24小时内干管抽采达到24 %以上，钻孔合茬后一周单孔浓度如下表3所示：
[0063] 表3:
[0064]
[0065] 效果分析：
[0066] 1.抽采浓度对比
[0067] 第一阶段在1151 (1)轨顺顶板巷实验，通过原封孔工艺与新封孔工艺抽采浓度对比发现，新封孔工艺抽采浓度提升了 5〜6倍。
[0068] 第二阶段在1222 (1)轨顺顶板巷实验，全部采用新封孔工艺，虽然工程内未形成对比，但是其与1151(1)轨顺高抽巷同为11槽煤层，瓦斯含量、压力基本接近。随机选取的10#钻场钻孔24小时内干管抽采达到24 %以上，抽采浓度提高了 6倍以上。
[0069] 2.成本对比
[0070] 原封孔工艺需要下入孔内1.5吋PVC套管、1吋PVC套管、囊袋封孔器俩堵）、吹水管。新封孔工艺仅需要下入孔内两路Φ12_聚氯乙烯束管，囊袋封孔器(一堵）。
[0071] 以孔深50m为例，对封孔成本进行比较。原封孔工艺需要约1024元;新封孔工艺需要约568元，单孔成本相对节省456元，节约比例达到45 %。
[0072] 以上所述仅为本发明创造的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明创造，凡在本发明创造的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明创造的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1. 一种瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置，其特征在于，包括分别作为抽采管和排水管的两路 束管，所述两路束管下至孔底煤层底板处，所述两路束管下到煤层底板至孔底段之间区域 处开设有花眼;所述两路束管上套设有一个封孔囊袋，所述封孔囊袋设置于孔内座底处，用 于将钻孔封孔;所述封孔囊袋上还设置有注浆管，所述注浆管沿钻孔插入所述封孔囊袋内， 用于向所述封孔囊袋内及钻孔内注浆。
2. 如权利要求1所述的瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置，其特征在于，所述两路束管均为整盘 式聚氯乙烯束管。
3. 如权利要求1所述的瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置，其特征在于，所述两路束管下部通过 胶带捆扎，形成一路套管。
4. 如权利要求1所述的瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置，其特征在于，所述封孔囊袋采用袖筒 布与橡胶、乳胶复合而成的弹性薄壁材料或膨胀橡胶管，所述封孔囊袋表面还密布用于排 气的穿刺微孔。
5. —种采用如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔装置的封孔方法，其 特征在于，包括如下步骤： 1) 下管：用金属探杆从孔口下入两路束管至孔底，所述两路束管分别作为抽采管和排 水管;将两路束管下部用胶带捆扎，形成一路套管以便抵开钻头，所述束管下到煤层底板至 孔底段之间区域处开设有花眼。 2) 囊袋固定:待所述两路束管下到位后，将封孔囊袋套在所述两路束管上，用金属探杆 将封孔囊袋送入孔内进行座底封孔； 3) 安装注浆管:在孔口设置注浆管，所述注浆管沿钻孔插入所述封孔囊袋内； 4) 用注浆管注浆：用水泥/水质量比为0.7-1:1的比例搅拌均匀水泥浆，用注浆管进行 注浆，至爆破阀打开囊袋注满后，继续注浆至孔口返浆，注满后用水泥把孔口抹平，封孔结 束。
6. 如权利要求5所述的瓦斯抽采下向孔封孔方法，其特征在于，所述水泥为膨胀水泥。
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