WO2023240605A1 - 安全调控机构、方法、电池系统和用电装置 - Google Patents

安全调控机构、方法、电池系统和用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023240605A1
WO2023240605A1 PCT/CN2022/099490 CN2022099490W WO2023240605A1 WO 2023240605 A1 WO2023240605 A1 WO 2023240605A1 CN 2022099490 W CN2022099490 W CN 2022099490W WO 2023240605 A1 WO2023240605 A1 WO 2023240605A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
safety
battery
battery cell
voltage difference
component
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PCT/CN2022/099490
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李耀
陈小波
蒲玉杰
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/099490 priority Critical patent/WO2023240605A1/zh
Publication of WO2023240605A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023240605A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a safety control mechanism, method, battery system and electrical device.
  • This application provides a safety control mechanism, method, battery system and electrical device, which can improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • a safety regulation mechanism for safety regulation of the battery.
  • the safety regulation mechanism includes: a variable voltage generation module and a safety component; the variable voltage generation module is used to establish a target voltage between the safety component and the battery. When an abnormality occurs in the battery, the target voltage difference allows the safety component to safely regulate the battery.
  • the safety regulation mechanism can also include a variable voltage generation module, which can be used to actively establish a target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery.
  • the actively established target voltage difference It can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to different abnormal conditions of the battery.
  • the controllable and relatively accurate target voltage difference can enable the safety component to promptly and safely regulate the battery to eliminate or prevent potential safety hazards in the battery, thereby performing timely and effective safety regulation of the battery. Improve battery safety performance.
  • variable voltage generation module includes: a voltage generator and a variable resistor, and the target voltage difference is related to the output voltage of the voltage generator.
  • the variable resistor when the voltage generator has a fixed output voltage, the variable resistor can be adjusted to establish a more accurate target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery.
  • the target voltage difference can be more accurate. is adapted to the safety component so that the safety component safely regulates the battery.
  • variable voltage generation module also includes: a first control sub-module; the above-mentioned variable voltage generation module is used to establish a target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery, including: the first control sub-module is used to establish a target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery.
  • the resistance value of the variable resistor is adjusted to the target resistance value according to the output voltage of the voltage generator, so that the voltage generator establishes a target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery through the variable resistor.
  • variable voltage in the variable voltage generation module, variable voltage can be generated through a voltage generator and a variable resistor, and further, the first control sub-module can control and adjust the resistance value of the variable resistor. , so that the voltage generator establishes a target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery through the variable resistor.
  • the overall implementation method of the variable voltage generation module is relatively reliable and easy to implement, and can ensure the safety regulation function of the battery by the safety regulation mechanism in a relatively reliable and stable manner.
  • the battery includes: a first battery cell; the above-mentioned first control submodule is used to adjust the resistance value of the variable resistor to the target resistance according to the voltage difference between the voltage generator and the first battery cell. value, so that the voltage generator establishes a target voltage difference between the safety member and the first battery cell through the variable resistor.
  • the first control submodule can adjust the variable resistor according to the voltage difference between the voltage generator and the first battery cell, so that the voltage generator connects the voltage generator and the first battery cell through the variable resistor.
  • the inappropriate voltage difference between battery cells is adjusted to the appropriate target voltage difference to achieve accurate and effective safety control of the battery, thereby ensuring the safety performance of the battery more reliably and in a targeted manner.
  • the target voltage difference has a preset voltage difference
  • the first control submodule is configured to use the preset voltage difference, the voltage difference between the first battery cell and the voltage generator, and the first The equivalent resistance value between the battery cell and the safety component and the equivalent resistance value between the voltage generator and the safety component determine the target resistance value of the variable resistor.
  • the possible voltage can be determined according to the preset voltage value of the actual demand through the electrical circuit composed of the first battery cell, the voltage generator (for example, the second battery cell), the variable resistor and the safety component.
  • the target resistance value of the variable resistor is thereby more reliably and accurately forming a target voltage difference between the first battery cell and the safety component.
  • variable resistor is connected between the voltage generator and the safety component; or the variable resistor is connected between the first battery cell and the safety component; or the variable resistor is connected to the first battery Between the cell and the voltage generator; alternatively, the variable resistor is integrated into the safety component.
  • variable resistor can be flexibly set in various positions according to the actual needs of the battery, which can not only realize the safety control function of the safety control mechanism, but also not cause too much additional impact on the battery.
  • the variable resistor can be flexibly set in various positions according to the actual needs of the battery, which can not only realize the safety control function of the safety control mechanism, but also not cause too much additional impact on the battery.
  • the voltage generator includes: a second battery cell in the battery.
  • the second battery cell in the multiplexed battery is used as a voltage generator, and there is no need to add an additional voltage generator to the system where the battery is located, thereby saving the time occupied by the safety regulation mechanism in the system where the battery is located. space, which is beneficial to reducing the overall volume of the battery system and the cost of production.
  • the combination of the second battery cell and the variable resistor can flexibly adjust the voltage difference between the safety component and the first battery cell, and there is no need to select a specific second battery cell to obtain a suitable voltage difference. Therefore, through this technical solution, there is no need to establish multiple alternative circuits between battery cells and safety components in the battery to select a suitable second battery cell as a voltage generator.
  • This solution not only has a simple circuit structure, but also The voltage difference between the first battery cell and the safety component can be adjusted accurately and controllably.
  • the safety component contains a safety substance; the target voltage difference enables the safety component to perform safety regulation, including: the target voltage difference is used to form an arc between the safety component and the battery to breakdown the safety component, so that the safety component Release safe substances for safe regulation.
  • the safety component contains safety substances.
  • the target voltage difference actively established by the voltage generation module between the safety component and the battery can be actively formed between the safety component and the battery. arc.
  • the safety component can be broken down more effectively and quickly, thereby releasing the safety material contained in the safety component to regulate the safety of the battery and further improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • the battery includes a first battery cell; when an abnormality occurs in the battery, the target voltage difference enables the safety component to perform safety regulation, including: when an abnormality occurs in the first battery cell, the target voltage The difference enables security components to perform security regulation.
  • variable voltage generation module can establish a target voltage difference between the battery and the safety component.
  • the target voltage difference can enable the safety component to safely regulate the battery.
  • This technical solution can safely regulate the battery in response to the abnormality of the first battery cell in the battery, thereby ensuring the safety performance of the battery in a more reliable and targeted manner.
  • establishing a target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery includes: establishing a target voltage difference between the safety component and the first battery cell; and the target voltage difference is used to establish a target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery.
  • Forming an arc to breakdown the safety component, causing the safety component to release safety substances for safety regulation including: the target voltage difference is used to form an arc between the safety component and the first battery cell to break down the safety component, causing the safety component to release safety
  • the substance is used to safely regulate the space where the first battery cell is located and/or the space near the first battery cell.
  • the arc actively formed by the variable voltage generating module between the first battery cell and the safety component can cause the safety material in the safety component to affect the space where the first battery cell is located and/or the first safety component.
  • the space near the battery cell plays a precise and reliable regulatory role, preventing the heat generated by the first battery cell in abnormal conditions from spreading to other parts of the battery, effectively ensuring the safety performance of the battery.
  • the target voltage difference is used to form an arc between the safety member and the first battery cell to breakdown the safety member and the casing of the first battery cell, so that the safety member releases the safety substance to the first battery cell.
  • the internal space of the battery cell is safely regulated.
  • the arc formed between the safety member and the first battery cell can not only break down and destroy the container wall of the safety member, but also can break down and destroy the casing of the first battery cell.
  • the arc destroys the shell of the first battery cell, which facilitates the safety material released from the safety component to accurately and accurately detect the inside of the first battery cell. Effective cooling prevents the heat generated by the first battery cell from spreading to other battery cells in abnormal conditions, further improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the target voltage difference is related to at least one of the following parameters: a wall thickness of the safety member, a distance between the safety member and the first battery cell, and a distance between the safety member and the first battery cell. corresponding area.
  • the relevant parameters of the safety component, the first battery cell and the environment in which they are located can be comprehensively considered to obtain a relatively Suitable target voltage difference to produce a more stable and controllable arc.
  • the target voltage difference ranges from 4V to 1000V.
  • the target voltage difference is controlled within a range of 4V to 1000V or a more precise voltage difference.
  • This voltage difference can form an arc between the safety component and the first battery cell, and the arc can breakdown.
  • the container wall of safety components is used to release safe substances and comprehensively ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • the first battery cell and the safety member are insulated from each other; when an abnormality occurs in the first battery cell, the insulation between the first battery cell and the safety member fails, and the first battery cell and the safety member The target voltage difference between the safety components enables the safety components to safely regulate the battery.
  • the mutual insulation between the first battery cell and the safety member can ensure that the safety member has less impact on the first battery cell and ensure that the first battery cell is operating normally. safety performance in the state.
  • an abnormality in the first battery cell can cause insulation failure between it and the safety component, thereby allowing the safety component to safely regulate the battery where the first battery cell is located.
  • the overall implementation method is highly targeted. and reliability.
  • the state of the insulation layer between the first battery cell and the safety member changes, so that the insulation between the first battery cell and the safety member fails.
  • the insulation design of the insulation layer between the first battery cell and the safety member is easy to implement in the battery and can ensure insulation performance. Further, the insulating layer can respond to abnormal conditions such as thermal runaway of the first battery cell, causing an effective insulation failure to be formed between the first battery cell and the safety component, so that the safety component can protect the battery where the first battery cell is located. Carry out safety control to prevent or eliminate the safety impact of the heat generated by the first battery cell on the battery.
  • the safety component is provided corresponding to the first battery cell.
  • the safety component is provided corresponding to the first battery cell among at least one battery cell, but not to other battery cells. This can prevent the safety component from affecting other battery cells, thereby ensuring The operating performance of other normal cells in the battery.
  • variable voltage generation module is used to obtain a characteristic signal of the battery, and the characteristic signal of the battery is used to indicate an abnormality in the battery; the variable voltage generation module is used to determine the connection between the safety component and the battery based on the characteristic signal of the battery. establish a target voltage difference between them.
  • variable voltage generation module can obtain and establish a target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery based on the characteristic signal indicating battery abnormality, thereby enabling the variable voltage generation module to respond to abnormal conditions. Provide timely and reliable safety control of the battery under the conditioner.
  • variable voltage generation module includes: a second control sub-module and a variable voltage sub-module; the second control sub-module is used to obtain the characteristic signal of the battery and control the variable voltage according to the characteristic signal of the battery.
  • the voltage submodule establishes a target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery.
  • a second control sub-module is provided in the variable voltage generation module, and the second control sub-module can flexibly control the variable voltage sub-module to establish a voltage difference between the safety component and the battery.
  • this technical solution can reduce the impact of the continuous voltage difference between the safety component and the battery on the safety performance of the battery, and further improve the safety control mechanism. Safety management performance of batteries.
  • variable voltage generation module further includes: a monitoring submodule, which is used to monitor the characteristic signal of the battery and send the characteristic signal of the battery to the second control submodule.
  • an independent monitoring sub-module is set up in the safety regulation mechanism, which can be used to actively and real-time monitor the characteristic signals of the battery, thereby enabling the safety regulation mechanism to perform more timely and effective safety management of the battery. To further improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • the characteristic signal of the battery is used to indicate that the battery is in a thermal runaway state and/or is in a critical state within a preset time period before being in the thermal runaway state.
  • the characteristic signal of the battery can be used to indicate the thermal runaway state and/or the critical state of thermal runaway that is common in the battery and causes great damage to the battery.
  • the characteristic signal of the battery Through the characteristic signal of the battery, the battery can be effectively treated. Control the thermal runaway state and/or critical state to ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • the characteristic signal of the battery includes at least one of the following signals: electrical parameter, temperature, pressure, characteristic gas or stress.
  • the signals such as electrical parameters, temperature, pressure, characteristic gas or stress are easy to detect and can effectively reflect the operating status of the battery.
  • the battery can be effectively judged to be in an abnormal state, thereby facilitating safety
  • the regulatory mechanism safely regulates batteries in abnormal conditions.
  • the characteristic signal of the battery includes: the characteristic signal of the first battery cell in the battery; the variable voltage generation module is used to adjust the connection between the safety component and the first battery cell according to the characteristic signal of the first battery cell. Establish a target voltage difference between the bodies.
  • variable voltage generation module can form a target voltage difference between the safety component and the first battery cell in a relatively accurate and timely manner according to the characteristic signal of the first battery cell, thereby making the safety component It can quickly and accurately control the safety of the first battery cell.
  • the characteristic signal of the first battery cell is used to indicate that the first battery cell is in a thermal runaway state and/or is in a critical state within a preset time period before the thermal runaway state
  • the voltage in the safety regulation mechanism is generated.
  • the modules and safety components cooperate with each other to fire the first battery cell in a thermal runaway state and/or critical state in time or even in advance, preventing the internal heat of the first battery cell from spreading in the battery and affecting the performance of other battery cells. , quickly perform safety control on the battery where the first battery cell is located, thereby greatly improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • a safety control method for safety control of the battery.
  • the safety control method includes: establishing a target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery. When the battery is abnormal, the target voltage difference causes the safety component to Safely regulate the battery.
  • a battery system which is characterized in that it includes: a battery, and the safety control mechanism in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, the safety control mechanism is used to perform safety control on the battery. Regulation.
  • a fourth aspect provides an electrical device, including: the battery system in the third aspect, the battery system being used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • the safety regulation mechanism can also include a variable voltage generation module, which can be used to actively establish a target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery.
  • the actively established target voltage difference It can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to different abnormal conditions of the battery.
  • the controllable and relatively accurate target voltage difference can enable the safety component to promptly and safely regulate the battery to eliminate or prevent potential safety hazards in the battery, thereby performing timely and effective safety regulation of the battery. Improve battery safety performance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural block diagram of a safety control mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is another schematic structural block diagram of a safety control mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is another schematic structural block diagram of a safety control mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is another schematic structural block diagram of a safety control mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is another schematic structural block diagram of a safety control mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is another schematic structural block diagram of a safety control mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is another schematic structural block diagram of a safety control mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is another schematic structural block diagram of a safety control mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is another schematic structural block diagram of a safety control mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is another schematic structural block diagram of a safety control mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is another schematic structural block diagram of a safety control mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is another schematic structural block diagram of a safety control mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic flow chart of a security control method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic flow chart of another security control method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic flow diagram of another security control method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic flow chart of another security control method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic structural block diagram of a battery system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • a battery refers to a physical module that includes one or more battery cells to provide electrical energy.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell may be a chemical battery or a physical battery.
  • it may be a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium ion primary battery, a lithium sulfur battery, a sodium lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery or a magnesium ion battery, Fuel cells, etc., the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, rectangular battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the separator can be polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (Polyethylene, PE).
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the battery cells are generally equipped with a pressure relief mechanism.
  • the pressure relief mechanism refers to an element or component that is activated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the pressure relief mechanism may use elements or components that are pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive. That is, when the battery cell undergoes thermal runaway and its internal pressure or temperature reaches a predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism is activated, thereby forming a supply for the internal pressure or temperature. Temperature relief channel. After the pressure relief mechanism is activated, the high-temperature and high-pressure substances inside the battery cells will be discharged from the pressure relief mechanism as emissions.
  • the emissions inside the battery cells include but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of the isolation film, high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the reaction, flames, etc.
  • a battery cell When a battery cell is short-circuited or overcharged, it may cause thermal runaway inside the battery cell, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure or temperature. In this case, the internal pressure and temperature can be released outward through the activation of the pressure relief mechanism to prevent the battery cells from exploding or catching fire, thereby ensuring the safety performance of the battery cells.
  • the box used to accommodate the battery cells can also be equipped with fire-fighting components such as spray pipes.
  • the spray pipes can contain fire-fighting media.
  • the fire-fighting medium can be a fire-fighting liquid, a fire-fighting gas or a fire-fighting solid.
  • the spray pipe may be provided corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism in the battery cell.
  • the spray pipe when thermal runaway has occurred inside the battery cell, the spray pipe can be passively destroyed by the emissions inside the battery cell, and then the battery cell that has experienced thermal runaway can be cooled down. .
  • thermal runaway occurs inside a battery cell, the temperature of the battery cell is relatively high, and the heat generated by it may have been transferred to multiple adjacent battery cells, causing the heat to be transferred to multiple battery cells within the battery. Spread between cells.
  • the spray pipe can cool down the battery cells that have experienced thermal runaway, the cooling effect will be limited, and the safety control performance of the spray pipe for the overall battery is relatively poor.
  • the safety control mechanism includes: a variable voltage generation module and a safety component.
  • the variable voltage generation module is used to establish a target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery.
  • the safety regulation mechanism can also include a variable voltage generation module, which can be used to actively establish an adjustable target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery.
  • the established target voltage difference can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to different abnormal conditions of the battery.
  • the target voltage difference allows the safety component to perform safe regulation of the battery in a timely manner to eliminate or prevent battery malfunctions. potential safety hazards, so as to conduct timely and effective safety control of the battery to improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle.
  • the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or a new energy vehicle. Extended range vehicles, etc.
  • a motor 11 , a controller 12 and a battery 10 may be installed inside the vehicle 1 .
  • the controller 12 is used to control the battery 10 to provide power to the motor 11 .
  • the battery 10 may be disposed at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used to supply power to the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 and used in the circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation, and operation of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as a driving power source of the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may include multiple battery cells, wherein the multiple battery cells may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Hybrid connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connection.
  • the battery 10 may also be called a battery pack.
  • multiple battery cells may be first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules may be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form the battery 10 . That is to say, multiple battery cells can directly form the battery 10, or they can first form a battery module, and then the battery module can form the battery 10.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic structural diagram of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the battery 10 may also include a box 100 (or cover).
  • the inside of the box 100 is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 20 are accommodated in the box 100 .
  • the box body 100 may include two parts, here respectively referred to as a first part 111 and a second part 112.
  • the first part 111 and the second part 112 are fastened together.
  • the shapes of the first part 111 and the second part 112 may be determined according to the combined shape of the plurality of battery cells 20 , and each of the first part 111 and the second part 112 may have an opening.
  • both the first part 111 and the second part 112 may be hollow rectangular parallelepipeds with only one open surface.
  • the opening of the first part 111 and the opening of the second part 112 are arranged oppositely, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 are interlocked with each other.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in parallel or in series or in mixed combination and then placed in the box 100 formed by fastening the first part 111 and the second part 112 .
  • the battery 10 may also include other structures, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the battery 10 may further include a bus component, which is used to realize electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 , such as parallel connection, series connection, or mixed connection.
  • the bus component can realize electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 .
  • the bus part may be fixed to the electrode terminal of the battery cell 20 by welding. The electric energy of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be further drawn out through the box through the conductive mechanism.
  • the electrically conductive means can also be part of the busbar.
  • the number of battery cells 20 can be set to any value. Multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, parallel or mixed connection to achieve larger capacity or power. Since the number of battery cells 20 included in each battery 10 may be large, in order to facilitate installation, the battery cells 20 may be arranged in groups, and each group of battery cells 20 forms a battery module. The number of battery cells 20 included in the battery module is not limited and can be set according to requirements.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural block diagram of the safety control mechanism 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the safety regulation mechanism 300 is used to perform safety regulation on the battery.
  • the safety regulation mechanism 300 can perform safety regulation on the battery 10 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 .
  • the safety regulation mechanism 300 includes: a variable voltage generation module 310 and a safety component 320 .
  • the variable voltage generation module 310 is used to establish a target voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 (not shown in FIG. 3 ).
  • the target voltage difference causes the safety component 320 to perform safety operations. Regulation.
  • the variable voltage generation module 310 may be a module capable of forming a variable voltage.
  • the variable voltage generation module 310 may include a power supply, a voltage generation circuit, or other modules carrying electrical energy.
  • the variable voltage generating module 310 may also include an adjustable module such as a variable resistor for adjusting the output voltage of the variable voltage generating module 310 so that the variable voltage generating module 310 generates a variable output voltage.
  • variable voltage generating module 310 may include any battery cell 20 in the battery 10 . That is, in this example, the battery cell 20 in the battery 10 can provide electric energy for electrical devices outside the battery 10 . In addition, it can also be reused as the voltage generation module 310 in the embodiment of the present application. As another example, the variable voltage generating module 310 may also be an electrical module independent of the battery 10 . The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific implementation of the variable voltage generating module 310 .
  • the safety component 320 is a component used to eliminate hidden dangers or prevent disasters. Specifically, the safety component 320 can be used to eliminate or prevent hidden dangers or disasters that may occur in the battery 10 .
  • the safety component 320 includes, but is not limited to, a fire-fighting component used to implement a fire-fighting function.
  • the fire-fighting component contains a fire-fighting medium, and the fire-fighting medium can prevent thermal runaway or thermal runaway in the battery 10 . Fire out runaway battery cells 20 and/or other components.
  • the safety component 320 can also be other forms of components, which are designed to realize the safety control function. The embodiments of this application do not limit its specific implementation.
  • variable voltage generation module 310 is used to establish a target voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 , wherein the voltage difference established by the variable voltage generation module 310 between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 can be within a certain range.
  • the target voltage difference can be a specific voltage difference within a certain voltage difference range.
  • the target voltage difference can drive the safety component 320 or the voltage difference causes the safety component 320 to be actuated, so that the safety component 320 can safely regulate the battery 10 to eliminate or prevent the battery 10 from malfunctioning. safety hazards.
  • the target voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 may be established before an abnormality occurs in the battery 10 , or the target voltage difference may be established simultaneously when an abnormality is about to occur or an abnormality has occurred in the battery 10 .
  • variable voltage generation module 310 can be used to establish a target voltage difference between the safety component 320 and any component in the battery 10. In the event of an abnormality in any component in the battery 10, the target voltage The difference allows the safety member 320 to safely regulate any component in the battery 10 .
  • an abnormality occurs in a battery or component should be based on the conventional understanding of those skilled in the art.
  • the battery or component has abnormality.
  • Abnormality for example, when the parameters of the battery or component do not fall within the normal range and/or do not fall within the preset range, it can be understood that the battery or component is abnormal.
  • the various operating parameters of the battery 10 are within the preset normal parameter range. .
  • At least one operating parameter of the battery 10 When the battery 10 is in an abnormal state, at least one operating parameter of the battery 10 will exceed the preset normal parameter range. Based on the at least one abnormal operating parameter, it can be determined that the battery 10 is abnormal. As an example, when the battery 10 is in a thermal runaway state or is in a temporary state that is about to undergo a thermal runaway state, at least one operating parameter such as temperature, electrical parameters, and stress of the battery 10 will exceed the normal parameter range. At this time, the battery 10 can be It is determined that the battery 10 is in an abnormal state.
  • the voltage difference established between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 by the variable voltage generation module 310 will not affect the battery 10.
  • the battery 10 is abnormal, Only the target voltage difference established by the variable voltage generation module 310 between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 will drive the safety component 320 or the target voltage difference causes the safety component 320 to be actuated, so that the safety component 320 can operate on the battery 10 Safety regulation to eliminate or prevent safety hazards in the battery 10.
  • the safety regulation mechanism can also include a variable voltage generation module 310, which can be used to actively establish a target voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the battery 10.
  • the actively established target voltage difference can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to different abnormal conditions of the battery.
  • the controllable and relatively accurate target voltage difference can enable the safety component 320 to perform safety control on the battery 10 in a timely manner to eliminate or prevent potential safety hazards in the battery 10 , thereby performing timely and accurate maintenance on the battery 10 . Effective safety control to improve the safety performance of the battery 10.
  • FIG. 4 shows another schematic structural block diagram of the safety control mechanism 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • variable voltage generation module 310 includes: a voltage generator 312 and a variable resistor 313 , and the target voltage difference is related to the output voltage of the voltage generator 312 .
  • the voltage generator 312 is a device or module carrying electrical energy, and the voltage generator 312 has a fixed output voltage.
  • the voltage generator 312 is connected to the safety component 320 through a variable resistor 313, wherein the variable resistor 313 has an adjustable resistance range. Through the variable resistor 313, the voltage generator 312 can flexibly and accurately establish a target voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the battery 10.
  • the variable resistor 313 can be adjusted to establish a more accurate target voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 .
  • the target voltage is The voltage difference can be accurately adapted to the safety component 320 so that the safety component 320 can safely regulate the battery 10 .
  • variable voltage generation module 310 also includes: a first control sub-module 311.
  • the module 311 is used to adjust the resistance value of the variable resistor 313 to a target resistance value according to the output voltage of the voltage generator 312, so that the voltage generator 312 establishes a target voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 through the variable resistor 313. .
  • the first control sub-module 311 can be a control device or a control circuit, which can be used to control and adjust the resistance value of the variable resistor 313, so that the voltage generator 312 passes through the variable resistor 313.
  • a target voltage difference is established between the safety member 320 and the battery 10 .
  • the resistance value of the variable resistor 313 is adjusted to the target resistance value, correspondingly, the voltage difference established by the voltage generator 312 between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210 is the target voltage difference U 0 .
  • the first control sub-module 311 may be a battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS) used to manage the battery 10, or, in other implementations, the first control sub-module 311 may be a battery management system (BMS) used to manage the battery 10.
  • BMS Battery Management System
  • the module 311 may also be other types of control devices, and the embodiment of this application does not limit the specific implementation of the first control sub-module 311.
  • variable voltage generation module 310 the variable voltage can be generated through the voltage generator 312 and the variable resistor 313, and further, the first control sub-module 311 can control the adjustment of the variable voltage.
  • the resistance value of the resistor 313 is varied, so that the voltage generator 312 establishes a target voltage difference between the safety member 320 and the battery 10 through the variable resistor 313 .
  • the overall implementation of the variable voltage generating module 310 is relatively reliable and easy to implement, and can ensure the safety control function of the safety control mechanism 300 on the battery 10 in a relatively reliable and stable manner.
  • FIG. 5 shows another schematic structural block diagram of the safety control mechanism 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 (not shown in Figure 4) includes a first battery cell 210, and the first control sub-module 311 is based on the relationship between the voltage generator 312 and the first battery cell 210.
  • the voltage difference between them adjusts the resistance value of the variable resistor 313 to the target resistance value, so that the voltage generator 312 establishes the target voltage difference U 0 between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210 through the variable resistor 313 .
  • the target voltage difference U 0 enables the safety component 320 to safely regulate the battery 10 .
  • At least one battery cell 20 is connected in series, parallel or mixed connection through the bus part 201 to output electric energy to the outside.
  • the first battery cell 210 may be any one of the at least one battery cell 20 .
  • the target voltage difference U 0 established by the variable voltage generation module 310 between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320 can enable the safety component 320 to safely regulate the battery 10 .
  • the safety regulation mechanism 300 can be disposed inside the box 100 of the battery 10 to safely regulate the internal space in the battery 10 .
  • the safety regulation mechanism 300 can regulate the safety of the battery 10 . At least part of the battery cells 20 and/or the space between the battery cells 20 are safely regulated, thereby ensuring the safety performance of the battery 10 .
  • the first control sub-module 311 can adjust the variable resistor 313 according to the voltage difference between the voltage generator 312 and the first battery cell 210, so that the voltage generator 312 is connected between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210.
  • the voltage difference established between one battery cell 210 is adjusted to the appropriate target voltage difference U 0 , so that the safety component 320 performs accurate and effective safety control on the battery 10 where the first battery cell 210 is located.
  • the first control sub-module 311 can adjust the variable resistor according to the voltage difference between the voltage generator 312 and the first battery cell 210, so that the voltage generator 312 controls the voltage through the variable resistor 313.
  • the inappropriate voltage difference between the voltage generator 312 and the first battery cell 210 is adjusted to the appropriate target voltage difference U 0 to achieve accurate and effective safety control of the battery 10 , thereby enabling more reliable and targeted protection. Safety performance of battery 10.
  • the voltage generator 312 may include: a second battery cell in at least one battery cell 20 .
  • FIG. 6 shows another schematic structural block diagram of the safety control mechanism 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the second battery cell 220 in the battery 10 can be reused as the voltage generator 312.
  • the second battery cell 220 can be the first battery cell in the battery 10. Any other battery cell other than 210, the second battery cell 220 can provide electric energy to the outside.
  • a variable resistor 313 (illustrated as R variable in FIG. 6 ) may be connected between the second battery cell 220 and the safety member 320 .
  • the variable resistor 313 can be connected to the first control sub-module 311 through the communication component 202, thereby obtaining the control signal of the first control sub-module 311 to perform adjustment of its resistance value.
  • the communication component 202 includes, but is not limited to, a signal transmission harness or other communication devices used for signal transmission.
  • the second battery cell 220 in the reuse battery 10 is used as the voltage generator 312, so there is no need to add an additional voltage generator to the system where the battery 10 is located, thereby saving the time of the safety control mechanism 300.
  • the space occupied by the battery 10 in the system is conducive to reducing the overall volume of the system where the battery 10 is located and the cost required for production.
  • the combination of the second battery cell 220 and the variable resistor 313 can flexibly adjust the voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210, and there is no need to select a specific second battery cell 220 to obtain a suitable voltage difference. Therefore, through the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, there is no need to establish multiple alternative circuits between the battery cells 20 and the safety components 320 in the battery 10 to select a suitable second battery cell 20 as the voltage generator 312 . , the embodiment of the present application not only has a simple circuit structure, but also can achieve precise and controllable adjustment of the voltage difference between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320 .
  • variable resistor 313 is connected between the voltage generator 312 (for example, the second battery cell 220 ) and the safety member 320 .
  • the variable resistor 313 may also be connected between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 , or, in another example, the variable resistor 313 may also be connected between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 . between the body 210 and the voltage generator 312 , or, in another example, the variable resistor 313 may also be integrated within the safety member 320 .
  • variable resistor 313 may be formed in the electrical circuit formed by the first battery cell 210, the voltage generator 312, and the safety component 320.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific location of the variable resistor 313.
  • variable resistor 313 can be flexibly set in various positions according to the actual needs of the battery 10, which can not only realize the safety control function of the safety control mechanism 300, but also not cause excessive damage to the battery 10. Many additional effects, compatible with a variety of different types of battery products.
  • the second battery cell 220 may be connected to the safety member 320 through an on-off structure or other electrical structure.
  • the structure or other electrical structure can also be controlled by the first control sub-module 311, and the connection and disconnection are realized under the control of the first control sub-module 311.
  • the first control sub-module 311 can control the connection of the on-off structure.
  • the first control sub-module 311 can control the on-off structure.
  • the on-off structure is disconnected.
  • the first control sub-module 311 can control the first battery cell 210 without performing safety regulation.
  • the resistance value of the variable resistor 313 is relatively large to ensure a certain insulation performance between the second battery cell 220 and the safety member 320, thereby reducing the mutual influence between the safety member 320 and the second battery cell 220.
  • the first control sub-module 311 can control the target resistance value of the variable resistor 313 to be smaller, so that the second battery cell 220 passes through the variable resistor 313 A target voltage difference U 0 is established between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 .
  • the target voltage difference may be a preset voltage difference
  • the first control sub-module 311 is configured to determine the relationship between the first battery cell 210 and the voltage generator 312 according to the preset voltage difference.
  • the target resistance value of the variable resistor 313 is determined based on the voltage difference value, the equivalent resistance value between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 , and the equivalent resistance value between the voltage generator 312 and the safety member 320 .
  • the equivalent resistance value between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 is the resistance value of the equivalent resistance formed between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 when an abnormality occurs.
  • FIG. 7 shows another schematic structural block diagram of the safety control mechanism 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • variable resistor 313 (shown as R variable in Figure 7) can be integrated into the safety component 320, and the first control sub-module 311 is used to control and adjust the variable resistor 313 resistance value.
  • an equivalent resistance R 2 may be formed between the second battery cell 220 and the safety member 320 , so that the second battery cell 220 An electrical circuit is formed with the safety component 320 .
  • the resistance value of the equivalent resistor R 2 can be smaller, thereby reducing the voltage division of the equivalent resistor R 2 in the circuit and increasing the voltage difference between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320 .
  • an equivalent resistance R 1 may be formed between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 .
  • the equivalent resistance R 1 between the first battery cell 210 , the second battery cell 220 , the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 , and the relationship between the second battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 The equivalent resistance R 2 and the variable resistor 313 (R variable ) form an electrical circuit.
  • the voltage difference U between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320 can satisfy the following relationship:
  • (U 1 -U 2 ) is the voltage difference between the first battery cell 210 and the second battery cell 220 . It can be seen from the above relational expression that by adjusting the variable resistor 313 (R is variable ), the voltage difference U between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320 can be adjusted. When the resistance value of the variable resistor 313 is adjusted to the target resistance value, the voltage difference U between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320 is adjusted to the target voltage difference U 0 .
  • the preset voltage value according to actual needs can be composed of the first battery cell 210, the voltage generator 312 (for example, the second battery cell 220), the variable resistor 313 and the safety component 320.
  • the electrical circuit determines the target resistance value of the variable resistor 313, thereby forming a target voltage difference U 0 between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320 more reliably and accurately.
  • FIG. 8 shows another schematic structural block diagram of the safety control mechanism 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the safety component 320 contains a safety substance, and the target voltage difference established between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 by the variable voltage generation module 310 is used to connect the safety component 320 to the battery 10 .
  • An arc is formed between 10 to breakdown the safety member 320, causing the safety member 320 to release the safety substance for safety regulation.
  • the safety substance contained in the safety component 320 may be a substance used to implement safe regulation of the battery 10 .
  • the safety substance can be a fluid with a certain fluidity, which can transfer and exchange the heat generated in the battery 10 to achieve safe regulation of the battery 10 .
  • the safety substance may be a liquid fluid or a gaseous fluid.
  • the fluid includes but is not limited to water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air.
  • the safety substance can also achieve safety control of the battery 10 through chemical reactions or other methods, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the safety member 320 containing the safety substance may be a tubular container, a plate container, or any other container of any shape.
  • the safety component 320 may also be called a fire pipe, a cooling plate, or other components used to perform thermal management on at least one battery cell 20 .
  • the safety component 320 may also be a component dedicated to safely regulating the battery 10 .
  • the target voltage difference established by the variable voltage generation module 310 between the safety member 320 and the battery 10 can be used to generate an arc effect between the two to form an arc.
  • the target voltage difference can be used to form a certain current between the safety component 320 and the battery 10, and the current can breakdown the safety component.
  • Some insulating medium (such as air, etc.) between the component 320 and the battery 10 generates instant sparks to form an arc.
  • the arc carries a large energy and can penetrate the container wall of the safety member 320 . After the container wall is penetrated, the safety substance in the container wall is released so that the safety substance can safely regulate the battery 10 .
  • the safety component 320 contains safety substances.
  • the variable voltage generation module 310 can actively establish a target voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the battery 10.
  • An arc is formed between the safety member 320 and the battery 10 .
  • the safety component 320 can be broken down more effectively and quickly, thereby releasing the safety material contained in the safety component 320 to regulate the safety of the battery 10 and further improve the safety performance of the battery 10 .
  • the battery 10 includes a first battery cell 210 , and the variable voltage generation module 310 is used to establish a target voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 ; in the first battery cell When an abnormality occurs in 210, the target voltage difference enables the safety component 320 to perform safety regulation.
  • variable voltage generation module 310 Establishing a target voltage difference between the battery 10 where the first battery cell 210 is located and the safety component 320 allows the safety component 320 to safely regulate the battery 10 .
  • the battery 10 in response to the abnormality of the first battery cell 210 in the battery 10, the battery 10 can be safely regulated in a timely manner through the target voltage difference established between the safety component 320 and the battery 10, thus making it more reliable. And the safety performance of the battery 10 is ensured in a targeted manner.
  • FIG. 9 shows another schematic structural block diagram of the safety control mechanism 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • variable voltage generation module 310 is used to establish a target voltage difference U 0 between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210 ;
  • An arc is formed between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 to breakdown, so that the safety member 320 releases the safety substance to protect the space where the first battery cell 210 is located and/or the space near the first battery cell 210 .
  • the above-mentioned safety component 320 can contain a safety substance (such as fluid).
  • a safety substance such as fluid
  • the above-mentioned target voltage difference U 0 is used to activate the first battery cell 210 .
  • An arc is formed between a battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 to breakdown the safety member 320, causing the safety member 320 to release safety substances to safely regulate the battery 10.
  • the safe substance as a fluid as an example to illustrate its safety regulation function.
  • the safety member 320 can achieve a temperature control function for at least one battery cell 20 through the fluid contained therein.
  • the fluid inside the safety member 320 is a lower-temperature fluid, it can be used to control the at least one battery cell 20 . Cooling is performed to prevent the battery cell 20 from being overheated and causing safety hazards; when the fluid inside the battery cell 20 is a fluid with a higher temperature, it can be used to heat the battery cell 20 to prevent the battery cell 20 from operating in a low temperature environment and affecting its operation. Electrical properties.
  • the target voltage difference U 0 established by the variable voltage generation module 310 between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210 can be used to generate an arc effect between the two.
  • An arc is formed.
  • the target voltage difference U 0 may be used to generate a voltage between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 .
  • a certain current is formed between 210, which can break down some insulating medium (such as air, etc.) between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 to generate instant sparks and form an arc.
  • the arc carries large energy and can penetrate the container wall of the safety component 320. After the container wall is penetrated, the fluid flows out to regulate the temperature and other related conditions of the battery 10.
  • the safety member 320 contains fluid.
  • the safety member 320 itself can control the temperature of at least one battery cell 20 to a certain extent through the fluid. effect.
  • the target voltage difference U 0 actively established by the variable voltage generation module 310 between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210 can actively form an arc between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210 .
  • the safety member 320 can be broken down more effectively and quickly, so that the fluid contained in the safety member 320 flows out to further regulate at least one battery cell 20 to further improve the battery 10 safety performance.
  • the above-mentioned target voltage difference U 0 is used to form an arc between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 to breakdown the safety member 320 so that the fluid in the safety member 320 flows out.
  • the space where the first battery cell 210 is located and/or the space near the first battery cell 210 is safely regulated.
  • the arc formed between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 may breakdown and destroy the area of the safety member 320 facing the first battery cell 210. At this time, from the safety member 320 The fluid flowing out of 320 can play a better safety control role in the space where the first battery cell 210 is located.
  • the variable voltage generating module 310 actively forms a voltage between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320 .
  • the arc can cause the fluid in the safety member 320 to accurately and reliably cool down the first battery cell 210, preventing the heat generated by the first battery cell 210 from spreading to other battery cells in the battery 10, effectively ensuring Safety performance of battery 10.
  • the fluid plays a role in safely regulating the space where the first battery cell 210 is located, the fluid can also flow to the space near the first battery cell 210 to control the space near the first battery cell 210 .
  • the space is safely regulated, where the space near the first battery cell 210 refers to a preset range space centered on the first battery cell 210 .
  • the space near the first battery cell 210 includes the space of the battery cells 20 adjacent to the first battery cell 210 and the space between the adjacent battery cells 20.
  • the space adjacent to the first battery cell 210 is "Adjacent" does not specifically mean directly adjacent to the first battery cell 210 , but may also refer to indirectly adjacent to the first battery cell 210 .
  • the fluid flowing out from the safety member 320 can not only safely regulate the space where the first battery cell 210 is located, but the fluid can also control the battery cells near the first battery cell 210 .
  • the body 20 is safely regulated, and/or the space between the first battery cell 210 and the nearby battery cell 20 is safely regulated.
  • the arc formed between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 may also break down and destroy the battery cells in the safety member 320 that are close to the first battery cell 210 . area of body 20. At this time, the fluid flowing out from the safety member 320 can play a better safety control role for the battery cells 20 adjacent to the first battery cell 210 .
  • the arc formed between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 may simultaneously break down and destroy the area of the safety member 320 facing the first battery cell 210, and A region close to the battery cell 20 adjacent to the first battery cell 210 . At this time, the fluid flowing out from the safety member 320 can play a better safety control role for both the first battery cell 210 and the battery cells adjacent to the first battery cell 210 .
  • the arc actively formed by the variable voltage generating module 310 between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 can cause the fluid in the safety member 320 to affect the space and space where the first battery cell 210 is located. /Or the space near the first battery cell 210 plays a precise and reliable regulatory role, preventing the heat generated by the first battery cell 210 in an abnormal state from spreading to other parts of the battery 10, effectively ensuring the safety of the battery 10 performance.
  • the above target voltage difference U 0 is used to form an arc between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 to breakdown the safety member 320 and the casing of the first battery cell 210 , so that the fluid in the safety member 320 flows out to safely regulate the internal space of the first battery cell 210 .
  • the arc formed between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 can not only break down and destroy the container wall of the safety member 320, but also can break down and destroy the shell of the first battery cell 210. body.
  • the arc destroys the shell of the first battery cell 210 , which can facilitate the fluid flowing out from the safety member 320 to damage the first battery cell.
  • the interior of the battery cell 210 is cooled accurately and effectively to prevent the heat generated by the first battery cell 210 in an abnormal state from spreading to other battery cells, further improving the safety performance of the battery 10 .
  • the target voltage difference U 0 established by the voltage generator 312 between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210 can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor 313 .
  • the arc formed between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 has different energy. Therefore, the arc can only penetrate the container wall of the safety member 320 or simultaneously. The container wall of the safety member 320 and the housing of the first battery cell 210 are penetrated.
  • the above target voltage difference U 0 is related to at least one of the following parameters: the wall thickness of the safety member 320 , the distance between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 , and the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 .
  • the target voltage difference U 0 for forming the arc may be determined by at least one parameter described above.
  • the above target voltage difference U 0 and the wall thickness T of the safety member 320 can satisfy the following relationship: 1 ⁇ U/T ⁇ 5000, where the unit of the target voltage difference U 0 is V, and the wall thickness of the safety member 320 The unit of T is mm.
  • the above target voltage difference U 0 and the distance d between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210 satisfy the following relationship: U/d ⁇ 2, where the unit of the target voltage difference U 0 is V, The unit of the distance d between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 is mm.
  • the above target voltage difference U 0 and the corresponding area between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210 satisfy the following relationship: U/S ⁇ 0.00008, where the unit of the target voltage difference U 0 is V, The unit of the corresponding area S between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 is mm 2 .
  • the safety component 320 when designing the target voltage difference U 0 between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210 , the safety component 320 , the first battery cell 210 and the environment in which they are located can be comprehensively considered.
  • the relevant parameters can be used to obtain a more appropriate voltage difference, thereby producing a more stable and controllable arc.
  • the target voltage difference U 0 may range from 4V to 1000V. Further, the target voltage difference U 0 may range from 10V to 500V. Furthermore, the target voltage difference U 0 may range from 20V to 200V. Furthermore, the target voltage difference U 0 may range from 20V to 100V. Or, further, the target voltage difference U 0 may range from 30V to 60V.
  • the target voltage difference U 0 is controlled within a range of 4V to 1000V or a more accurate voltage difference.
  • the target voltage difference U 0 can be formed between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210 The arc can penetrate and destroy the container wall of the safety component 320 to release safety substances, thus comprehensively ensuring the safety performance of the battery 10 .
  • the target voltage difference U 0 between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210 drives the safety member 320 or causes the safety member 320 to actuate when an abnormality occurs in the first battery cell 210 .
  • the target voltage difference U 0 can be established before an abnormality occurs in the first battery cell 210 , but has no impact on the first battery cell 210 that does not have an abnormality.
  • the target voltage difference U 0 can be established before the first battery cell 210 is abnormal. Synchronization is established when an abnormality occurs in the battery cell 210 , so that the target voltage difference U 0 does not affect the first battery cell 210 when it is operating normally, thereby ensuring the operating performance of the battery 10 .
  • the safety component 320 may not establish a voltage difference with other battery cells 20 in the battery 10 , or, when other battery cells 20 are operating normally, the voltage difference between the safety component 320 and other battery cells 20 will not. This affects other battery cells 20 to ensure the normal operation of the battery 10 .
  • the first battery cell 210 in the battery 10 can be insulated from the safety member 320.
  • the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 can be insulated from each other. 320 insulation failure, the target voltage difference U 0 between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320 enables the safety component 320 to safely regulate the battery 10 .
  • FIG. 10 shows another schematic structural block diagram of the security control mechanism 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • each battery cell 20 in at least one battery cell 20 is insulated from the safety member 320; in the event of an abnormality in the first battery cell 210, the first battery cell 210 is insulated from each other.
  • the insulation between the cell 210 and the safety component 320 fails, and the target voltage difference U 0 between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320 enables the safety component 320 to safely regulate the battery 10 .
  • an insulation design may be provided between the safety member 320 and at least one battery cell 20 .
  • the insulation design enables an insulation equivalent resistance R 0 to be formed between the safety member 320 and each battery cell 20 .
  • the equivalent resistance R 0 has a large resistance value.
  • the insulation equivalent resistance R 0 can be designed according to relevant standards or actual needs. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific resistance value of the insulation equivalent resistance R 0 .
  • the insulation design between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 in at least one battery cell 20 is affected by the first battery cell 210 or other components, the insulation design between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 The insulation equivalent resistance R 0 between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 is greatly reduced. At this time, the insulation performance between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 is reduced, or in other words, insulation is generated between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 Invalid.
  • the equivalent resistance between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 is determined by the insulation equivalent resistance R 0 is reduced to the insulation failure equivalent resistance R 1 , that is, the first insulation failure point is formed between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320 .
  • the insulation performance between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 is good, there is a large insulation equivalent resistance R 0 between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 . Therefore, the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 have a large insulation equivalent resistance R 0 .
  • the current between 210 and the safety component 320 is very small or even almost zero.
  • the resistance between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 will be greatly reduced to form an insulation failure equivalent resistance R 1 .
  • the second battery cell 220 can also be insulated from the safety member 320 during normal operation.
  • the second battery cell 220 can be in the first control unit.
  • a second insulation failure point occurs between the second battery cell 220 and the safety component 320, that is, the equivalent resistance between the second battery cell 220 and the safety component 320 changes from the insulation equivalent resistance R0 to the insulation failure equivalent Resistor R 2 .
  • the equivalent resistance R 2 between the second battery cell 220 and the safety member 320 is smaller than the equivalent resistance R 1 between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 . Therefore, the pressure difference between the second battery cell 220 and the safety member 320 is small and will not cause the safety member 320 to be actuated, while the pressure difference between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 is large. This large pressure difference can cause the safety component 320 to be activated.
  • the mutual insulation between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 can ensure that the safety member 320 has a small impact on the first battery cell 210 and ensure that the first battery cell 210 is The safety performance of the battery cell 210 under normal operating conditions.
  • an abnormality in the first battery cell 210 may cause insulation failure between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320, thereby causing the safety component 320 to safely regulate the battery 10 where the first battery cell 210 is located.
  • the overall implementation method is: Higher pertinence and reliability.
  • an insulating layer is provided between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 to achieve mutual insulation between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 .
  • the state of the insulation layer between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 changes, so that the state of the insulation layer between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 changes. insulation failure.
  • the temperature of the first battery cell 210 is relatively high. Affected by the higher temperature, the insulation layer between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 is melted by heat, so that the equivalent insulation resistance R 0 between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 becomes smaller. Cause insulation failure.
  • the melting point of the insulating layer may be lower than 800°C.
  • the insulation layer between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 may be controlled or affected by other factors, causing its state to change.
  • the insulation layer between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 may be subject to external effects, causing damage or other types of physical state changes, causing the first battery cell 210 to be in contact with the safety member 320 .
  • the equivalent insulation resistance R 0 between the components 320 becomes smaller, causing insulation failure.
  • the insulation design of the insulation layer between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 is easy to implement in the battery 10 and can ensure insulation performance. Further, the insulating layer can respond to an abnormal state such as thermal runaway of the first battery cell 210, causing an effective insulation failure to be formed between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320, so that the safety member 320 has a negative impact on the first battery cell.
  • the battery 10 where the body 210 is located is safely regulated to prevent or eliminate the safety impact of the heat generated by the first battery cell 210 on the battery 10 .
  • equivalent resistances of other values may also be formed between the safety member 320 and at least one battery cell 20 .
  • the resistance value of the equivalent resistor may not reach the order of magnitude of the insulation resistance value, and may be other resistors with larger resistance values.
  • the equivalent resistance between the safety member 320 and at least one battery cell 20 can also be designed to be small or even zero.
  • the voltage generator 312 can be When an abnormality occurs in the first battery cell 210 , a target voltage difference U 0 is established between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320 through the variable resistor 313 .
  • the safety member 320 may be provided corresponding to the first battery cell 210 of at least one battery cell 20 but not to other battery cells. 20 settings, thereby ensuring the operating performance of other normal battery cells 20 in the battery 10.
  • the safety member 320 may also correspond to the first battery.
  • the cell 210 is provided and does not correspond to other battery cells 20 .
  • variable voltage generation module 310 can be directly connected to the safety component 320 so that a target voltage difference is formed between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 .
  • the voltage difference may be established before an abnormality occurs in the battery 10 .
  • variable voltage generation module 310 can also be used to obtain a characteristic signal of the battery 10 .
  • the characteristic signal of the battery 10 is used to indicate that the battery 10 is abnormal.
  • the variable voltage generation module 310 is used to obtain the characteristic signal of the battery 10 according to the battery 10
  • a characteristic signal of 10 establishes a target voltage difference between the safety member 320 and the battery 10 .
  • the target voltage difference can be established synchronously when an abnormality occurs in the battery 10 .
  • the characteristic signal of the battery 10 may include: a status signal reflecting the abnormal status of the battery 10 .
  • the characteristic signal of the battery 10 may include: a characteristic signal of at least one battery cell 20 in the battery 10 , and/or characteristic signals of other components in the battery 10 .
  • the characteristic signal includes but is not limited to electrical parameters (such as current or voltage, etc.), temperature, pressure, characteristic gas or stress, etc.
  • the signal value of the characteristic signal of the battery 10 is different from the signal value of the battery 10 in the normal state. Based on the signal value of the characteristic signal of the battery 10, it can be determined that the battery 10 is in an abnormal state.
  • the characteristic signal of the battery 10 may be used to indicate that the battery 10 is in a thermal runaway state and/or is in a critical state within a preset time period before being in a thermal runaway state. Specifically, when any battery cell 20 in the battery 10 undergoes thermal runaway or is about to undergo thermal runaway, the electrical parameters of the battery 10, the temperature, pressure, characteristic gas inside the battery 10, and the box of the battery 10 The local stress and other characteristic signals may change compared with the normal state.
  • the variable voltage generation module 310 can obtain the characteristic signal of the battery 10 to determine that the battery cell 20 inside the battery 10 has experienced thermal runaway or is about to experience thermal runaway. , thereby establishing a voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 , thereby allowing the safety component 320 to safely regulate the battery 10 .
  • variable voltage generation module 310 can obtain and establish a target voltage difference U 0 between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 based on the characteristic signal indicating the abnormality of the battery 10 , thereby making the variable voltage
  • the generation module 310 can perform timely and relatively reliable safety control on the battery 10 in an abnormal state.
  • the characteristic signal of the battery 10 may include: a characteristic signal of the first battery cell 210 in the battery 10, and the characteristic signal of the first battery cell 210 is used to indicate that the first battery cell 210 is in an abnormal state.
  • FIG. 11 shows another schematic structural block diagram of the safety control mechanism 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the variable voltage generation module 310 may be connected to at least one battery cell 20 in the battery 10 through the communication component 202 to obtain a signal of the at least one battery cell 20 .
  • the communication component 202 includes, but is not limited to, a signal transmission harness or other communication devices used for signal transmission.
  • the variable voltage generating module 310 can also be connected to other components in the battery 10 through the communication component 202 to obtain signals from other components.
  • variable voltage generation module 310 can be used to obtain the characteristic signal of the first battery cell 210 in the battery 10, and according to the characteristic signal of the first battery cell 210, between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210 The target voltage difference U 0 is established between them.
  • the characteristic signal of the first battery cell 210 is used to indicate that an abnormality occurs in the first battery cell 210 .
  • the characteristic signal of the first battery cell 210 may include at least one of the following parameters of the first battery cell 210: electrical parameter, temperature, pressure, characteristic gas or stress.
  • the first battery cell 210 When an abnormality occurs in the first battery cell 210 , the first battery cell 210 is in an abnormal state.
  • the abnormal state may be another state that is different from the normal operating state.
  • the abnormal state of the first battery cell 210 may be It is a critical state within a preset time period before the thermal runaway state and/or the thermal runaway state.
  • the abnormal state of the first battery cell 210 may also be other monitorable abnormal states.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specify the type of abnormal state. Specific limitations.
  • variable voltage generation module 310 can form a target voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the first battery cell 210 in a relatively accurate and timely manner according to the characteristic signal of the first battery cell 210 U 0 , thereby enabling the safety component 320 to quickly perform precise safety control on the first battery cell 210 .
  • the safety control mechanism 300 when the characteristic signal of the first battery cell 210 is used to indicate that the first battery cell 210 is in a thermal runaway state and/or is in a critical state within a preset time period before the thermal runaway state, the safety control mechanism 300 The variable voltage generation module 310 and the safety component 320 cooperate with each other to fire the first battery cell 210 in a thermal runaway state and/or a critical state in a timely manner or even in advance to prevent the internal heat of the first battery cell 210 from being lost in the battery. Diffusion in 10 affects the performance of other battery cells, and the safety performance of the battery 10 where the first battery cell 210 is located can be quickly controlled, thereby greatly improving the safety performance of the battery 10.
  • variable voltage generating module 310 can also acquire the characteristic signal of the first battery cell 210 in the battery 10 in other alternative embodiments.
  • the characteristic signal of the battery cell adjacent to the battery cell 210 and based on the characteristic signal of the first battery cell 210 and/or the characteristic signal of the battery cell adjacent to the first battery cell 210, between the safety component 320 and the third battery cell 210.
  • a target voltage difference U 0 is established between one battery cell 210 .
  • variable voltage generation module 310 obtains the characteristic signal of the first battery cell 210 in the battery 10 and/or the battery cells adjacent to the first battery cell 210, in addition to the connection between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210, in addition to the connection between the safety member 320 and the first battery cell 210, In addition to establishing the target voltage difference U 0 between the battery cells 210 , a voltage difference may also be established between the safety member 320 and an adjacent battery cell (adjacent to the first battery cell 210 ).
  • Figure 12 shows another schematic structural block diagram of the safety control mechanism 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the variable voltage generation module 310 includes: a second control sub-module 314 and a variable voltage sub-module 315.
  • the second control sub-module 314 is used to obtain the battery 10 ( Figure 8 (not shown in )), and controls the variable voltage sub-module 315 to establish a target voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 according to the characteristic signal of the battery 10 .
  • variable voltage sub-module 315 may include the voltage generator 312 and the variable resistor 313 in the above related embodiments.
  • the second control sub-module 314 may be a battery management system (BMS) for managing the battery 10 , or, in other implementations, the second control sub-module 314 may also It is other types of control devices, and the embodiment of this application does not limit the specific implementation of the second control sub-module 314.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the second control sub-module 314 can be the same control module as the first control sub-module 311 in the above embodiment, or the second control sub-module 314 can also be the same as the first control sub-module 311 in the above embodiment.
  • Module 311 is two separate control modules.
  • the second control sub-module 314 can send a first control signal to the variable voltage sub-module 315 according to the characteristic signal of the battery 10.
  • the variable voltage sub-module 315 can, under the control of the first control signal, connect the safety component 320 and the battery. 10 to establish the target voltage difference.
  • the variable resistor 313 in the variable voltage sub-module 315 can be adjusted under the control of the first control signal, so that the voltage generator 312 is between the safety member 320 and the battery 10 through the variable resistor 313 Establish the target voltage difference.
  • the second control sub-module 314 also sends a second control signal to the variable voltage sub-module 315 according to other signals of the battery 10.
  • the variable voltage sub-module 315 can also cancel the safety function under the control of the second control signal.
  • the target voltage difference established between the component 320 and the battery 10 reduces the impact of the safety component 320 on the safety performance of the battery 10 and further improves the safety control performance of the safety regulation mechanism 300 on the battery 10 .
  • the second control sub-module 314 can be connected to at least one battery cell 20 in the battery 10 through the communication component 202 to obtain the signal of the at least one battery cell 20 .
  • the second control sub-module 314 is used to obtain and control the variable voltage sub-module 315 according to the characteristic signal of the first battery cell 210 in the safety component.
  • a target voltage difference U 0 is established between 320 and the first battery cell 210 .
  • a second control sub-module 314 is provided in the variable voltage generation module 310.
  • the second control sub-module 314 can flexibly control the variable voltage sub-module 315 between the safety component 320 and the battery 10. A voltage difference is established between them.
  • this technical solution can reduce the impact of the continuous voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 on the safety performance of the battery 10 , further improving the safety management performance of the battery 10 by the safety control mechanism 300.
  • Figure 13 shows another schematic structural block diagram of the safety control mechanism 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the variable voltage generation module 310 also includes: a monitoring sub-module 316 for monitoring the characteristic signal of the battery 10 and converting the characteristic signal of the battery 10 (not shown in Figure 9) Sent to the second control sub-module 314.
  • the second control sub-module 314 is used to receive the characteristic signal of the battery 10 sent by the monitoring sub-module 316, and control the variable voltage sub-module 315 to establish a target voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 according to the characteristic signal.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an independent monitoring sub-module 316 for real-time monitoring of the operating status of the battery 10.
  • the monitoring sub-module 316 is used for real-time monitoring of the signal and/or signal of each battery cell 20 in the battery 10. Signals from other components in battery 10 are monitored.
  • the monitoring sub-module 316 includes but is not limited to a battery monitoring circuit (Cell Supervision Circuit, CSC) or other modules for monitoring the operating status of the battery 10 .
  • CSC Battery Supervision Circuit
  • the monitoring sub-module 316 can be used to monitor at least one battery cell 20 in the battery 10 in real time.
  • the monitoring sub-module 316 sends the characteristic signal of the first battery cell 210 to the second control sub-module 314.
  • the second control sub-module 314 is used to control the variable voltage sub-module according to the characteristic signal of the first battery cell 210.
  • Module 315 establishes a target voltage difference U 0 between safety member 320 and first battery cell 210 .
  • the number of the monitoring sub-modules 316 may be one or more. In the case where the number of the monitoring sub-modules 316 is multiple, they may be distributed in the box of the battery 10 to facilitate monitoring through the multiple monitoring sub-modules 316 .
  • the sub-module 316 comprehensively monitors the characteristic signals of at least one battery cell 20 and other components inside the battery 10 .
  • an independent monitoring sub-module 316 is set up in the safety regulation mechanism 300, which can be used to actively and real-time monitor the characteristic signals of the battery 10, so that the safety regulation mechanism 300 can play a more timely role in the battery 10. and effective safety management to further improve the safety performance of the battery 10.
  • Figure 14 shows another schematic structural block diagram of the safety control mechanism 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the safety regulation mechanism 300 includes: a variable voltage generation module 310 (not shown in the figure) and a safety component 320, wherein the variable voltage generation module 310 includes: a control sub-module , voltage generator 312 and variable resistor 313 (shown as R variable in the figure).
  • the control sub-module may include the first control sub-module 311 and the second control sub-module 314 in the above embodiment.
  • the second battery cell 220 in the battery 10 can be reused as the voltage generator 312 in the variable voltage generation module 310 .
  • an insulating layer is formed between at least one battery cell 20 and the safety member 320.
  • the at least one battery cell 20 is in normal operation, the at least one battery cell 20 is in contact with the safety member 320.
  • the components 320 are insulated from each other, and there is an insulation equivalent resistance R 0 between each battery cell 20 of the at least one battery cell 20 and the safety component 320 .
  • the control sub-module can be connected to at least one battery cell 20 through the communication component 202.
  • the control sub-module can receive the information of the first battery cell 210.
  • the characteristic signal destroys the insulation state between the second battery cell 220 and the safety member 320, and the equivalent resistance R 2 formed between the two has a smaller resistance value. Create insulation failure points.
  • an insulation failure point is also formed between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 .
  • An equivalent resistance R 1 is formed between the battery cell 210 and the safety member 320 . Since both the first battery cell 210 and the second battery cell 220 form an insulation failure point with the safety member 320, the first battery cell 210, the second battery cell 220 and the safety member 320 form an electrical circuit.
  • the variable resistor 313 is provided in the above-mentioned electrical circuit. By adjusting the variable resistor 313, a suitable target voltage difference U 0 can be achieved between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320 . The target voltage difference U 0 can be generated. The arc is used to break down the safety member 320 containing fluid inside, so that the fluid flows out of the safety member 320 to safely regulate the first battery cell 210 and its surrounding space.
  • variable resistor 313 may be integrated into the safety member 320 .
  • the variable resistor 313 may also be located between the first battery cell 210 and the safety member 320, or the variable resistor 313 may also be located between the second battery cell 220 and the safety member 320, or Alternatively, the variable resistor 313 may also be located between the first battery cell 210 and the second battery cell 220 .
  • the security control mechanism 300 of the embodiment of the present application is described above with reference to Figures 3 to 14.
  • the security control method of the embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to FIGS. 15 to 18 , and the parts not described in detail can be referred to the foregoing embodiments.
  • FIG 15 shows a schematic flow chart of a security control method 400 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the safety control method 400 can be used to safely control a battery, such as the above-mentioned battery 10 .
  • the security control method 400 may include the following steps.
  • S410 Establish a target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery. When an abnormality occurs in the battery, the target voltage difference enables the safety component to safely regulate the battery.
  • the execution subject of step S410 may be the variable voltage generation module 310 in the above device embodiment, and the safety component in step S410 may be the safety component in the above device embodiment. 320. That is, in the embodiment of the present application, the variable voltage generation module 310 establishes a target voltage difference between the safety component 320 and the battery 10 .
  • the safety component 320 and the voltage difference please refer to the relevant descriptions of the device embodiments above, and will not be described in detail here.
  • variable voltage generation module 310 includes: a voltage generator 312 and a variable resistor 313, and the above-mentioned target voltage difference is related to the output voltage of the voltage generator 312.
  • variable voltage generation module 310 also includes: a first control sub-module 311.
  • FIG. 16 shows a schematic flow diagram of another security control method 500 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the security control method 500 may include the following steps.
  • the first control submodule adjusts the resistance value of the variable resistor to the target resistance value according to the output voltage of the voltage generator, so that the voltage generator establishes a target voltage difference between the safety component and the battery through the variable resistor.
  • the battery includes: a first battery cell; in this case, the above-mentioned step S510 may include: the first control sub-module adjusts the adjustable voltage according to the voltage difference between the voltage generator and the first battery cell.
  • the resistance value of the resistor is varied to a target resistance value, so that the voltage generator establishes a target voltage difference between the safety component and the first battery cell through the variable resistor.
  • the target voltage difference has a preset voltage difference value.
  • the safety control method 500 also includes: the first control sub-module adjusts the preset voltage difference, the voltage difference between the first battery cell and the voltage generator, the first battery The equivalent resistance value between the monomer and the safety component and the equivalent resistance value between the voltage generator and the safety component determine the target resistance value of the variable resistor.
  • variable resistor is connected between the voltage generator and the safety component; or the variable resistor is connected between the first battery cell and the safety component; or the variable resistor is connected between the first battery cell and the safety component. between the battery cell and the second battery cell; or, the variable resistor is integrated into the safety component.
  • the voltage generator includes: a second battery cell in the battery.
  • the first control sub-module, voltage generator and variable resistor included in the variable voltage generation module may be the first control sub-module 311,
  • the voltage generator 312 and the variable resistor 313, these modules cooperate with each other to create a target voltage difference U 0 between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320.
  • the first control sub-module, voltage generator and variable resistor included in the variable voltage generation module may be the first control sub-module 311,
  • the voltage generator 312 and the variable resistor 313, these modules cooperate with each other to create a target voltage difference U 0 between the first battery cell 210 and the safety component 320.
  • the safety component contains a safety substance; the above-mentioned target voltage difference enables the safety component to perform safety regulation, including: the target voltage difference is used to form an arc between the safety component and the battery to breakdown the safety component, The safety component is caused to release safety substances for safety control.
  • the battery includes a first battery cell, and when an abnormality occurs in the battery, the target voltage difference enables the safety component to perform safety regulation, including: when an abnormality occurs in the first battery cell. , the target voltage difference enables the safety component to perform safe regulation.
  • Figure 17 shows a schematic flow chart of another security control method 600 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the security control method 600 may include the following steps.
  • S610 Establish a target voltage difference between the safety component and the first battery cell.
  • the target voltage difference is used to form an arc between the safety component and the first battery cell to strike.
  • the safety member is worn, so that the safety member releases safety substances to safely regulate the space where the first battery cell is located and/or the space near the first battery cell.
  • the above target voltage difference is used to form an arc between the safety member and the first battery cell to breakdown the safety member and the casing of the first battery cell, causing the safety member to release the safety substance to the third battery cell.
  • the internal space of a battery cell is safely regulated.
  • the target voltage difference is related to at least one of the following parameters: the wall thickness of the safety member, the distance between the safety member and the first battery cell, and the distance between the safety member and the first battery cell. the corresponding area.
  • the above target voltage difference and the wall thickness of the safety component satisfy the following relationship: 1 ⁇ U/T ⁇ 5000, where U is the voltage difference in V, and T is the wall thickness of the safety component in units. is mm; and/or, the target voltage difference and the distance between the safety component and the first battery cell satisfy the following relationship: U/d ⁇ 2, where U is the voltage difference in V, d is the safety component and the first battery cell The distance between one battery cell, in mm; and/or, the target voltage difference and the corresponding area between the safety component and the first battery cell satisfy the following relationship: U/S ⁇ 0.00008, where U is the voltage difference , the unit is V, S is the corresponding area between the safety component and the first battery cell, the unit is mm 2 .
  • the target voltage difference ranges from 4V to 1000V.
  • the first battery cell and the safety member in the battery are insulated from each other; when an abnormality occurs in the first battery cell, the insulation between the first battery cell and the safety member fails, and the first battery cell
  • the target voltage difference between the battery and the safety component enables the safety component to safely regulate the battery.
  • the state of the insulation layer between the first battery cell and the safety member changes, so that the insulation between the first battery cell and the safety member fails.
  • the safety component is provided corresponding to the first battery cell.
  • Figure 18 shows a schematic flow chart of another security control method 700 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the security control method 700 may include the following steps.
  • S710 Obtain the characteristic signal of the battery.
  • the characteristic signal of the battery is used to indicate abnormality of the battery;
  • a target voltage difference is established between the safety component and the battery.
  • the target voltage difference enables the safety component to safely regulate the battery.
  • the above-mentioned safety control method 700 is applied to the variable voltage generation module 310 in the above device embodiment.
  • the voltage generation module 310 includes: a second control sub-module 314 and a variable voltage sub-module 315.
  • the above-mentioned step S710 may include: the second control sub-module 314 obtains the characteristic signal of the battery; the above-mentioned step S720 may include: the second control sub-module 314 controls the variable voltage sub-module 315 to operate safely according to the characteristic signal of the battery. A target voltage difference is established between the component and the battery.
  • the voltage generation module 310 also includes: a monitoring sub-module 316; in this case, the above-mentioned safety control method 700 may also include: the monitoring sub-module 316 monitors the characteristic signal of the battery, and converts the characteristic signal of the battery Sent to the second control sub-module 314.
  • the characteristic signal of the battery is used to indicate that the battery is in a thermal runaway state and/or is in a critical state within a preset time period before being in the thermal runaway state.
  • the characteristic signal of the battery includes at least one of the following signals: electrical parameter, temperature, pressure, characteristic gas or stress.
  • the characteristic signal of the battery includes: the characteristic signal of the first battery cell in the battery; in this case, the above step S710 may include: obtaining the characteristic signal of the first battery cell; the above step S720 may It includes: establishing a target voltage difference between the safety component and the first battery cell according to the characteristic signal of the first battery cell.
  • Figure 19 shows a schematic structural block diagram of a battery system 101 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery system 101 may include the battery 10 in the aforementioned application embodiment and the safety control mechanism 300 .
  • the safety control mechanism 300 is used to perform safety control on the battery 10 .
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electric device.
  • the electric device may include the battery system 101 in the previous embodiment.
  • the battery system 101 is used to provide electric energy to the electric device.
  • the electrical device may be a vehicle 1, a ship or a spacecraft.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种安全调控机构、方法、电池系统和用电装置，能够提升电池的安全性能。该安全调控机构用于对电池进行安全调控，该安全调控机构包括：可变电压产生模块和安全构件；可变电压产生模块用于在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差，在电池发生异常的情况下，目标电压差使得安全构件对电池进行安全调控。通过该方案，安全调控机构中的可变电压产生模块可在安全构件与电池之间主动建立目标电压差，该主动建立的目标电压差能够根据实际需求灵活调整，以适应电池不同的异常情况。在电池发生异常的情况下，该可控且较为精准的目标电压差能够使得安全构件及时对电池进行安全调控，以提升电池的安全性能。

Description

安全调控机构、方法、电池系统和用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种安全调控机构、方法、电池系统和用电装置。
背景技术
随着电池技术的不断进步，各种以电池作为储能设备的新能源产业得到了迅速发展。在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，安全问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池的安全问题不能保证，那该电池就无法使用。因此，如何提升电池的安全性能，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种安全调控机构、方法、电池系统和用电装置，能够提升电池的安全性能。
第一方面，提供一种安全调控机构，用于对电池进行安全调控，安全调控机构包括：可变电压产生模块和安全构件；可变电压产生模块用于在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差，在电池发生异常的情况下，目标电压差使得安全构件对电池进行安全调控。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，安全调控机构除了包括安全构件以外，还可包括可变电压产生模块，其可用于在安全构件与电池之间主动建立目标电压差，该主动建立的目标电压差能够根据实际需求灵活调整，以适应电池不同的异常情况。在电池发生异常的情况下，该可控且较为精准的目标电压差能够使得安全构件及时对电池进行安全调控，以消除或预防电池中的安全隐患，从而对电池进行及时且有效的安全调控以提升电池的安全性能。
在一些可能的实施方式中，可变电压产生模块包括：电压产生器和可变电阻，目标电压差与电压产生器的输出电压相关。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，在电压产生器具有固定输出电压的情况下，可以通过调整可变电阻，从而在安全构件与电池之间建立较为精确的目标电压差，该目标电压差可以较为精准的适配于安全构件以使得该安全构件对电池进行安全调控。
在一些可能的实施方式中，可变电压产生模块还包括：第一控制子模块；上述可变电压产生模块用于在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差，包括：第一控制子模块用于根据电压产生器的输出电压调整可变电阻的电阻值至目标电阻值，以使得电压产生器通过可变电阻在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，在可变电压产生模块中，可通过电压产生器和可变电阻实现可变电压的产生，且进一步地，第一控制子模块能够控制调整可变电阻的电阻值，从而使得电压产生器通过可变电阻在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差。该可变电压产生模块整体实现方式较为可靠且易于实现，能够较为可靠且稳定的保证安全调控机构对电池的安全调控功能。
在一些可能的实施方式中，电池包括：第一电池单体；上述第一控制子模块用于根据电压产生器与第一电池单体之间的电压差调整可变电阻的电阻值至目标电阻值，以使得电压产生器通过可变电阻在安全构件与第一电池单体之间建立目标电压差。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，第一控制子模块可根据电压产生器与第一电池单体之间的电压差调整可变电阻，以使得电压产生器通过可变电阻将电压产生器与第一电池单体之间的不合适的电压差调整为合适的目标电压差，实现对电池精准且有效的安全调控，从而能够较为可靠且有针对性的保障电池的安全性能。
在一些可能的实施方式中，目标电压差具有预设电压差值，第一控制子模块用于根据预设电压差值、第一电池单体与电压产生器之间的电压差值、第一电池单体与安全构件之间的等效电阻值以及电压产生器与安全构件之间的等效电阻值，确定可变电阻的目标电阻值。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，可以根据实际需求的预设电压值，通过第一电池单体、电压产生器(例如第二电池单体)、可变电阻以及安全构件组成的电回路，确定可变电阻的目标电阻值，从而较为可靠且准确的在第一电池单体与安全构件之间形成目标电压差。
在一些可能的实施方式中，可变电阻连接于电压产生器与安全构件之间；或者，可变电阻连接于第一电池单体与安全构件之间；或者，可变电阻连接于第一电池单体与电压产生器之间；或者，可变电阻集成于安全构件内。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，可根据电池的实际需求，灵活的将可变电阻设置于各种位置，既能实现安全调控机构的安全调控功能，也不会对电池造成过多额外的影响，能够兼容各种不同类型的电池产品。
在一些可能的实施方式中，上述电压产生器包括：电池中的第二电池单体。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，复用电池中的第二电池单体作为电压产生器，则不需要在电池所在的系统增加额外的电压产生器，从而节省安全调控机构在电池所在系统中占用的空间，有利于降低电池所在系统整体的体积以及生产所需成本。与此同时，第二电池单体和可变电阻的组合能够灵活调节安全构件与第一电池单体之间的电压差，不需要选择特定的第二电池单体才能得到合适的电压差。因此，通过该技术方案，不需要在电池中建立多条电池单体与安全构件之间的备选回路以从中选择合适的第二电池单体作为电压产生器，本方案不仅电路结构简单，也能对第一电池单体与安全构件之间的电压差实现精准可控的调整。
在一些可能的实施方式中，安全构件容纳有安全物质；目标电压差使得安全构件进行安全调控，包括：目标电压差用于在安全构件与电池之间形成电弧以击穿安全构件，使得安全构件释放安全物质以进行安全调控。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，安全构件中容纳有安全物质，在电池产生异常的情况下，电压产生模块在安全构件与电池之间主动建立的目标电压差能够主动在安全构件与电池之间形成电弧。通过该具有较大能量的电弧，可以较为有效且快速的击穿破坏安全构件，从而释放安全构件中容纳的安全物质以对电池起到安全调控作用，以进一步提升电池的安全性能。
在一些可能的实施方式中，电池包括第一电池单体；在电池发生异常的情况下，目标电压差使得安全构件进行安全调控，包括：在第一电池单体发生异常的情况下，目标电压差使得安全构件进行安全调控。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，可变电压产生模块可在电池与安全构件之间建立目标电压差，在第一电池单体异常时，通过该目标电压差，可使得安全构件对电池进行安全调控。该技术方案能够针对电池中第一电池单体的异常，对电池进行安全调控，从而能够较为可靠且有针对性的保障电池的安全性能。
在一些可能的实施方式中，在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差，包括：在安全构件与第一电池单体之间建立目标电压差；目标电压差用于在安全构件与电池之间形成电弧以击穿安全构件，使得安全构件释放安全物质以进行安全调控，包括：目标电压差用于在安全构件与第一电池单体之间形成电弧以击穿安全构件，使得安全构件释放安全物质以对第一电池单体的所在空间和/或第一电池单体的附近空间进行安全调控。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，可变电压产生模块在第一电池单体与安全构件之间主动形成的电弧可使得安全构件中的安全物质对第一电池单体的所在空间和/或第一电池单体的附近空间起到精准且可靠的调控作用，防止该第一电池单体在异常状态下产生的热量蔓延传递电池中的其它部位，有效保证电池的安全性能。
在一些可能的实施方式中，目标电压差用于在安全构件与第一电池单体之间形成电弧以击穿安全构件以及第一电池单体的壳体，使得安全构件释放安全物质对第一电池单体的内部空间进行安全调控。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，在安全构件以及第一电池单体之间形成的电弧不仅可以击穿破坏安全构件的容器壁，还可以击穿破坏第一电池单体的壳体。当第一电池单体发生异常，其内部的温度较高时，电弧破坏了第一电池单体的壳体，可以便于从安全构件中释放的安全物质对第一电池单体的内部进行精准且有效的降温，防止该第一电池单体在异常状态下产生的热量蔓延至其它电池单体，进一步提升电池的安全性能。
在一些可能的实施方式中，目标电压差与如下至少一种参数相关：安全构件的壁厚、安全构件与第一电池单体之间的距离、以及安全构件与第一电池单体之间的对应面积。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，在设计安全构件和第一电池单体之间的目标电压差时，可以综合考虑安全构件、第一电池单体以及二者所在环境中的相关参数，得到较为合适的目标电压差，从而产生较为稳定且可控的电弧。
在一些可能的实施方式中，目标电压差的范围为4V至1000V之间。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，将目标电压差控制在4V至1000V或者更为精准的压差范围内，该电压差可以在安全构件与第一电池单体之间形成电弧，该电弧可击穿安全构件的容器壁以释放安全物质，综合保证电池的安全性能。
在一些可能的实施方式中，第一电池单体与安全构件相互绝缘；在第一电池单体发生异常的情况下，第一电池单体与安全构件之间绝缘失效，第一电池单体与安全构件之间的目标电压差使得安全构件对电池进行安全调控。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，在电池中，第一电池单体与安全构件之间的相互绝缘可保障安全构件对第一电池单体的影响较小且保障第一电池单体在正常运行状态下的安全性能。在此基础上，第一电池单体发生异常可引发其与安全构件之间的绝缘失效，进而使得安全构件对第一电池单体所在的电池进行安全调控，整体实现方式具有较高的针对性以及可靠性。
在一些可能的实施方式中，在第一电池单体发生异常的情况下，第一电池单体与安全构件之间的绝缘层状态改变，以使得第一电池单体与安全构件之间绝缘失效。
在该实施方式的技术方案中，第一电池单体与安全构件之间绝缘层的绝缘设计易于在电池中实现且能够保证绝缘性能。进一步地，该绝缘层能够响应于第一电池单体发生热失控等异常状态，使得第一电池单体与安全构件之间形成有效的绝缘失效以使得安全构件对第一电池单体所在的电池进行安全调控，防止或消除第一电池单体产生的热量对电池造成的安全影响。
在一些可能的实施方式中，安全构件对应于第一电池单体设置。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，安全构件对应于至少一个电池单体中的第一电池单体设置，而不对应于其它电池单体设置，可以防止安全构件对其它电池单体造成影响，从而保障电池中其它正常的电池单体的运行性能。
在一些可能的实施方式中，可变电压产生模块用于获取电池的特征信号，电池的特征信号用于指示电池发生异常；可变电压产生模块用于根据电池的特征信号，在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，可变电压产生模块能够获取并根据用于指示电池异常的特征信号，在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差，进而使得可变电压产生模块能够对处于异常状态下的电池进行及时且较为可靠的安全调控。
在一些可能的实施方式中，可变电压产生模块包括：第二控制子模块和可变电压子模块；第二控制子模块用于获取电池的特征信号，并根据电池的特征信号，控制可变电压子模块在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，在可变电压产生模块中设置有第二控制子模块，该第二控制子模块能够灵活控制可变电压子模块在安全构件与电池之间建立电压差。相比于可变电压产生模块持续在安全构件与电池之间建立电压差的技术方案，该技术方案可以降低安全构件与电池持续存在的电压差对于电池的安全性能的影响，进一步提升安全调控机构对电池的安全管理性能。
在一些可能的实施方式中，可变电压产生模块还包括：监测子模块，该监测子模块用于监测电池的特征信号，并将电池的特征信号发送至第二控制子模块。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，在安全调控机构中设置独立的监测子模块，可用于主动且实时的监测电池的特征信号，从而使得安全调控机构对电池起到更为及时且有效的安全管理，以进一步提升电池的安全性能。
在一些可能的实施方式中，电池的特征信号用于指示电池处于热失控状态和/或处于热失控状态前预设时间段内的临界状态。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，电池的特征信号能够用于指示电池中常见且对电池损伤程度较大的热失控状态和/或热失控的临界状态，通过该电池的特征信号，能够有效对电池的热失控状态和/或临界状态进行调控，保障电池的安全性能。
在一些可能的实施方式中，电池的特征信号包括以下信号中的至少一项：电气参数、温度、压强、特征气体或应力。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，该电气参数、温度、压强、特征气体或应力等信号便于检测且能够有效反映电池的运行状态，根据该至少一种信号能够有效判断电池处于异常状态，从而便于安全调控机构对异常状态的电池进行安全调控。
在一些可能的实施方式中，电池的特征信号包括：电池中第一电池单体的特征信号；可变电压产生模块用于根据第一电池单体的特征信号，在安全构件与第一电池单体之间建立目标电压差。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，可变电压产生模块能够根据该第一电池单体的特征信号，较为准确且及时的在安全构件与第一电池单体之间形成目标电压差，从而使得安全构件能够迅速针对第一电池单体进行精准的安全调控。进一步地，在第一电池单体的特征信号用于指示第一电池单体处于热失控状态和/或在热失控状态前预设时间段内的临界状态时，该安全调控机构中的电压产生模块以及安全构件相互配合，可以及时乃至提前对处于热失控状态和/或临界状态的第一电池单体进行消防，防止第一电池单体的内部热量在电池中扩散影响其它电池单体的性能，快速对该第一电池单体所在的电池进行安全调控，从而能够大幅提升电池的安全性能。
第二方面，提供一种安全调控方法，用于对电池进行安全调控，安全调控方法包括：在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差，在电池发生异常的情况下，目标电压差使得安全构件对电池进行安全调控。
第三方面，提供一种电池系统，其特征在于，包括：电池，以及，第一方面或第一方面中任一可能的实施方式中的安全调控机构，该安全调控机构用于对电池进行安全调控。
第四方面，提供一种用电装置，包括：第三方面中的电池系统，该电池系统用于为用电装置提供电能。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，安全调控机构除了包括安全构件以外，还可包括可变电压产生模块，其可用于在安全构件与电池之间主动建立目标电压差，该主动建立的目标电压差能够根据实际需求灵活调整，以适应电池不同的异常情况。在电池发生异常的情况下，该可控且较为精准的目标电压差能够使得安全构件及时对电池进行安全调控，以消除或预防电池中的安全隐患，从而对电池进行及时且有效的安全调控以提升电池的安全性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例提供的一种车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例提供的一种电池的结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构的一种示意性结构框图；
图4是本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构的另一示意性结构框图；
图5是本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构的另一示意性结构框图；
图6是本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构的另一示意性结构框图；
图7是本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构的另一示意性结构框图；
图8是本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构的另一示意性结构框图；
图9是本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构的另一示意性结构框图；
图10是本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构的另一示意性结构框图；
图11是本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构的另一示意性结构框图；
图12是本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构的另一示意性结构框图；
图13是本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构的另一示意性结构框图；
图14是本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构的另一示意性结构框图；
图15是本申请一实施例提供的一种安全调控方法的示意性流程框图；
图16是本申请一实施例提供的另一安全调控方法的示意性流程框图；
图17是本申请一实施例提供的另一安全调控方法的示意性流程框图；
图18是本申请一实施例提供的另一安全调控方法的示意性流程框图；
图19是本申请一实施例提供的一种电池系统的示意性结构框图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行” 并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
本申请中，电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供电能的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
可选地，电池单体可以是化学类电池或物理类电池，作为示例，可以是锂离子 二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，燃料电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。可选地，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔膜的材质可以为聚丙烯(Polypropylene，PP)或聚乙烯(Polyethylene，PE)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
在一些相关技术中，为了保证电池的安全性，电池单体一般会设置泄压机构。泄压机构是指电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。泄压机构可以采用诸如对压力敏感或温度敏感的元件或部件，即，当电池单体发生热失控，其内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构致动，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的通道。泄压机构在致动后，电池单体内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从泄压机构向外排出。其中，电池单体内部的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
当电池单体发生短路、过充等现象时，可能会导致电池单体内部发生热失控从而压力或温度骤升。这种情况下通过泄压机构致动可以将内部压力及温度向外释放，以防止电池单体爆炸、起火，从而保证电池单体的安全性能。
除了在电池单体上设置泄压机构以保障电池的安全性以外，用于容纳电池单体的箱体中还可设置有喷淋管道等消防部件，该喷淋管道中可容纳有消防介质，该消防介质可为消防液体、消防气体或者还可以为消防固体。可选地，在一些实施方式中，喷淋管道可与电池单体中的泄压机构对应设置。当该泄压机构致动时，从电池单体内泄放的排放物会破坏喷淋管道的壁，使得消防介质从喷淋管道中流出，消防介质可以对电池单体的高温排放物进行降温，降低排放物的危险性，从而提升电池单体以及电池整体的安全性能。
在该技术方案中，在电池单体的内部已发生热失控的情况下，喷淋管道才能被动的被电池单体内部的排放物破坏，进而才能实现对已发生热失控的电池单体进行降温。在电池单体的内部已发生热失控时，该电池单体的温度较高，其产生的热量可能已经传递至与其相邻的多个电池单体，使得热量已经在电池内的多个电池单体之间发生蔓延，此时，即使喷淋管道能够对已发生热失控的电池单体进行降温，该降温效果也会较为有限，喷淋管道对于电池整体的安全调控性能也相对较差。另外，在不同容 量或不同能量密度的电池失控时，从其泄压机构排放出的排放物温度有显著差异，进而对喷淋管道的破坏程度不同，从该喷淋管道中液体流出的效果也有差异，因而，该喷淋管道被动破坏产生的消防效果不稳定。
鉴于此，本申请提供一种安全调控机构，用于对电池进行安全调控。该安全调控机构包括：可变电压产生模块和安全构件。其中，该可变电压产生模块用于在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差，在电池发生异常的情况下，该目标电压差使得安全构件对电池进行安全调控。在本申请实施例提供的技术方案中，安全调控机构除了包括安全构件以外，还可包括可变电压产生模块，其可用于在安全构件与电池之间主动建立可调的目标电压差，该主动建立的目标电压差能够根据实际需求进行灵活调整，以适应电池不同的异常情况，在电池发生异常的情况下，该目标电压差使得安全构件及时对电池进行安全调控，以消除或预防电池中的安全隐患，从而对电池进行及时且有效的安全调控以提升电池的安全性能。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于各种使用电池的装置，例如，便携式用电设备、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶、航天器、和储能系统等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的装置，还可以适用于所有使用电池的装置，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达11，控制器12以及电池10，控制器12用来控制电池10为马达11的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池10可以包括多个电池单体，其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池10也可以称为电池包(battery pack)。可选地，多个电池单体可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池10。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池10，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池10。
例如，如图2所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池10的结构示意图，电池10可以包括多个电池单体20。电池10还可以包括箱体100(或称罩体)，箱体100内部为中空结构，多个电池单体20容纳于箱体100内。如图2所示，箱体100可以包括两部分，这里分别称为第一部分111和第二部分112，第一部分111和第二部分112扣合在一起。第一部分111和第二部分112的形状可以根据多个电池单体20组合的形状而定，第一部分111和第二部分112可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一部分111和第二部分112均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一部分111的开口和第二 部分112的开口相对设置，并且第一部分111和第二部分112相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体100。多个电池单体20相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一部分111和第二部分112扣合后形成的箱体100内。
可选地，电池10还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，该电池10还可以包括汇流部件，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子实现电池单体20之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子。多个电池单体20的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体而引出。可选地，导电机构也可属于汇流部件。
根据不同的电力需求，电池单体20的数量可以设置为任意数值。多个电池单体20可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。由于每个电池10中包括的电池单体20的数量可能较多，为了便于安装，可以将电池单体20分组设置，每组电池单体20组成电池模块。电池模块中包括的电池单体20的数量不限，可以根据需求设置。
图3示出了本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构300的一种示意性结构框图。具体地，该安全调控机构300用于对电池进行安全调控，例如，该安全调控机构300可对上述图1和图2所示的电池10进行安全调控。
如图3所示，该安全调控机构300包括：可变电压产生模块310和安全构件320。该可变电压产生模块310用于在安全构件320与电池10(图3中未示出)之间建立目标电压差，在电池10发生异常的情况下，该目标电压差使得安全构件320进行安全调控。
具体地，在本申请实施例中，可变电压产生模块310可以为能够形成可变电压的模块，例如，该可变电压产生模块310可以包括电源、电压产生电路或者其它携带有电能的模块，另外，该可变电压产生模块310还可以包括可变电阻等可调模块，用于调整该可变电压产生模块310的输出电压，使得该可变电压产生模块310产生可变的输出电压。
作为一种示例，该可变电压产生模块310可以包括电池10中任意一个电池单体20，即在该示例中，电池10中的电池单体20除了可为电池10外部的用电装置提供电能以外，还可复用为本申请实施例中的电压产生模块310。作为另一种示例，该可变电压产生模块310也可以为独立于电池10以外的其它电学模块，本申请实施例对该可变电压产生模块310的具体实现方式不做限定。
安全构件320为一种用于消除隐患或预防灾患的构件，具体地，该安全构件320可用于消除或预防电池10中可能发生的隐患或灾患。作为一种示例，该安全构件320包括但不限于是一种用于实现消防功能的消防构件，该消防构件中容纳有消防介质，该消防介质能够对电池10中即将发生热失控或者已经发生热失控的电池单体20和/或其它部件进行消防。当然，在其它示例中，该安全构件320还可以为其它形式的部件，旨在能够实现安全调控功能即可，本申请实施例对其具体实现不做限定。
具体地，可变电压产生模块310用于在该安全构件320与电池10之间建立目标 电压差，其中，可变电压产生模块310在安全构件320与电池10之间建立的电压差可在一定的压差范围内调整变化，该目标电压差可以为该一定压差范围内的特定电压差。在电池10发生异常的情况下，该目标电压差可驱动安全构件320或者该电压差使得安全构件320发生致动，从而可使得安全构件320对电池10进行安全调控，以消除或预防电池10中的安全隐患。
可选地，该安全构件320与电池10之间的目标电压差可以在电池10发生异常之前建立，或者，该目标电压差也可以在电池10即将发生异常或已经发生异常时同步建立。
可选地，该可变电压产生模块310可用于在该安全构件320与电池10中任一部件之间建立目标电压差，在该电池10中的任一部件发生异常的情况下，该目标电压差可使得安全构件320对该电池10中的任一部件进行安全调控。
需要说明的是，对于电池或部件是否发生异常应采用本领域技术人员的常规理解，例如当电池或者部件的运行状态不属于常规状态和/或不属于预设状态即可理解为电池或者部件发生异常，还例如当电池或者部件的参数不属于正常范围和/或不属于预设范围即可理解为电池或者部件发生异常。作为示例，在电池10的运行状态异于正常状态时，即可理解为电池10发生了异常，其中，电池10处于正常状态时，该电池10的各种运行参数处于预设的正常参数范围内。当电池10处于异常状态时，该电池10的至少一种运行参数会超出预设的正常参数范围之外，根据该至少一种异常的运行参数，可以判断电池10发生了异常。作为一种示例，该电池10处于热失控状态或者处于即将发生热失控状态的临时状态时，该电池10的温度、电学参数、应力等至少一种运行参数会超出正常参数范围，此时，可判断电池10处于异常状态。
还需要说明的是，在电池10处于正常运行状态下，可变电压产生模块310在安全构件320与电池10之间建立电压差不会对电池10造成影响，而当电池10发生异常的情况下，可变电压产生模块310在安全构件320与电池10之间建立的目标电压差才会驱动安全构件320或者该目标电压差使得安全构件320发生致动，从而可使得安全构件320对电池10进行安全调控，以消除或预防电池10中的安全隐患。
综上，通过本申请实施例的技术方案，安全调控机构除了包括安全构件320以外，还可包括可变电压产生模块310，其可用于在安全构件320与电池10之间主动建立目标电压差，该主动建立的目标电压差能够根据实际需求灵活调整，以适应电池不同的异常情况。在电池10发生异常的情况下，该可控且较为精准的目标电压差能够使得安全构件320及时对电池10进行安全调控，以消除或预防电池10中的安全隐患，从而对电池10进行及时且有效的安全调控以提升电池10的安全性能。
图4示出了本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构300的另一种示意性结构框图。
如图4所示，在本申请实施例中，可变电压产生模块310包括：电压产生器312和可变电阻313，上述目标电压差与该电压产生器312的输出电压相关。
具体地，电压产生器312为携带有电能的器件或模块，该电压产生器312具有固定输出电压。该电压产生器312通过可变电阻313连接于安全构件320，其中，该可变电阻313具有可调的电阻范围。通过该可变电阻313，电压产生器312可以灵活且较 为精确的在安全构件320与电池10之间建立目标电压差。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，在电压产生器312具有固定输出电压的情况下，可以通过调整可变电阻313，从而在安全构件320与电池10之间建立较为精确的目标电压差，该目标电压差可以较为精准的适配于安全构件320以使得该安全构件320对电池10进行安全调控。
可选地，如图4所示，除了电压产生器312和可变电阻313以外，在本申请实施例中，可变电压产生模块310还包括：第一控制子模块311，该第一控制子模块311用于根据电压产生器312的输出电压调整可变电阻313的电阻值至目标电阻值，以使得该电压产生器312通过可变电阻313在安全构件320与电池10之间建立目标电压差。
具体地，在本申请实施例中，第一控制子模块311可为控制器件或者控制电路，其可用于控制调整可变电阻313的电阻值，从而使得电压产生器312通过该可变电阻313在安全构件320与电池10之间建立目标电压差。在可变电阻313的电阻值调整为目标电阻值的情况下，对应的，电压产生器312在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间建立的电压差为目标电压差U 0。
可选地，在一些实施方式中，该第一控制子模块311可以是用于管理电池10的电池管理系统(Battery Management System，BMS)，或者，在另一些实施方式中，该第一控制子模块311还可以是其它类型的控制器件，本申请实施例对该第一控制子模块311的具体实现方式不做限定。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，在可变电压产生模块310中，可通过电压产生器312和可变电阻313实现可变电压的产生，且进一步地，第一控制子模块311能够控制调整可变电阻313的电阻值，从而使得电压产生器312通过可变电阻313在安全构件320与电池10之间建立目标电压差。该可变电压产生模块310整体实现方式较为可靠且易于实现，能够较为可靠且稳定的保证安全调控机构300对电池10的安全调控功能。
图5示出了本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构300的另一种示意性结构框图。
如图5所示，在本申请实施例中，电池10(图4中未示出)包括第一电池单体210，第一控制子模块311根据电压产生器312与第一电池单体210之间的电压差调整可变电阻313的电阻值至目标电阻值，以使得电压产生器312通过可变电阻313在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间建立目标电压差U 0。可选地，在第一电池单体210发生异常的情况下，该目标电压差U 0使得安全构件320对电池10进行安全调控。
可选地，如图5所示，在电池10中，至少一个电池单体20通过汇流部件201相互串联、并联或混联，以向外部输出电能。第一电池单体210可以为至少一个电池单体20中的任意一个电池单体。可变电压产生模块310在该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间建立的目标电压差U 0可使得安全构件320对电池10进行安全调控。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，安全调控机构300可设置于电池10的箱体100的内部，以对该电池10中的内部空间进行安全调控，例如，安全调控机构300可对电池10中至少部分电池单体20和/或电池单体20之间的空间进行安全调控，从而保障该电池10的安全性能。
具体地，在可变电压产生模块310中，当电压产生器312与第一电池单体210 之间的电压差不合适时，该电压产生器312在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间建立的电压差也会存在不合适的问题，其不能驱动安全构件320实现安全调控功能或者对安全构件320影响较大。在该情况下，第一控制子模块311可根据该电压产生器312与第一电池单体210之间的电压差对可变电阻313进行调整，从而将电压产生器312在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间建立的电压差调整为合适的目标电压差U 0，以使得安全构件320对第一电池单体210所在的电池10进行精准且有效的安全调控。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，第一控制子模块311可根据电压产生器312与第一电池单体210之间的电压差调整可变电阻，以使得电压产生器312通过可变电阻313将电压产生器312与第一电池单体210之间的不合适的电压差调整为合适的目标电压差U 0，实现对电池10精准且有效的安全调控，从而能够较为可靠且有针对性的保障电池10的安全性能。
可选地，在一些可能的实施方式中，上述电压产生器312可以包括：至少一个电池单体20中的第二电池单体。
在该情况下，图6示出了本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构300的另一种示意性结构框图。
如图6所示，在本申请实施例中，可以复用电池10中的第二电池单体220作为电压产生器312，该第二电池单体220可以为电池10中除第一电池单体210以外的其它任意电池单体，该第二电池单体220能够向外部提供电能。
可选地，如图6所示，在本申请实施例中，在第二电池单体220与安全构件320之间可连接有可变电阻313(图6中示意为R 可变)。可选地，该可变电阻313可以通过通信部件202连接于第一控制子模块311，从而获取该第一控制子模块311的控制信号以执行其电阻值的调整。其中，该通信部件202包括但不限于是信号传输线束或者是其它用于信号传输的通信器件。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，复用电池10中的第二电池单体220作为电压产生器312，则不需要在电池10所在的系统增加额外的电压产生器，从而节省安全调控机构300在电池10所在系统中占用的空间，有利于降低电池10所在系统整体的体积以及生产所需成本。
与此同时，第二电池单体220和可变电阻313的组合能够灵活调节安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间的电压差，不需要选择特定的第二电池单体220才能得到合适的电压差。因此，通过本申请实施例的技术方案，不需要在电池10中建立多条电池单体20与安全构件320之间的备选回路以从中选择合适的第二电池单体20作为电压产生器312，本申请实施例不仅电路结构简单，也能对第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的电压差实现精准可控的调整。
作为一种示例，在图6所示实施例中，可变电阻313连接于电压产生器312(例如第二电池单体220)与安全构件320之间。或者，在另一示例中，可变电阻313也可连接于第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间，又或者，在另一示例中，可变电阻313也可连接于第一电池单体210与电压产生器312之间，又或者，在另一示例中，可变电阻313还可集成于安全构件320内。
具体地，该可变电阻313可形成于第一电池单体210、电压产生器312以及安全构件320形成的电回路中，本申请实施例对该可变电阻313的具体位置不做限定。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，可根据电池10的实际需求，灵活的将可变电阻313设置于各种位置，既能实现安全调控机构300的安全调控功能，也不会对电池10造成过多额外的影响，能够兼容各种不同类型的电池产品。
可选地，当可变电阻313不位于第二电池单体220与安全构件320之间时，该第二电池单体220可以通过通断结构或者其它电气结构连接于安全构件320，该通断结构或者其它电气结构也可以受控于第一控制子模块311，在该第一控制子模块311的控制下实现连通和断开。例如，在需要对电池10执行安全调控的情况下，第一控制子模块311可控制该通断结构连通，在不需要对电池10执行安全调控的情况下，第一控制子模块311可控制该通断结构断开。通过该技术方案，可以使得安全调控机构300在兼顾安全调控性能的同时，对第二电池单体220正常运行的影响较小，保证电池10的综合性能。
可选地，当可变电阻313位于第二电池单体220与安全构件320之间时，在不需要对第一电池单体210执行安全调控的情况下，第一控制子模块311可控制该可变电阻313的电阻值较大，保证第二电池单体220与安全构件320之间具有一定的绝缘性能，从而降低安全构件320与第二电池单体220之间的相互影响。在需要对第一电池单体210执行安全调控的情况下，第一控制子模块311可控制该可变电阻313的目标电阻值较小，从而使得第二电池单体220通过该可变电阻313在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间建立目标电压差U 0。
可选地，在一些实施方式中，上述目标电压差可以为预设电压差，第一控制子模块311用于根据该预设电压差值、第一电池单体210与电压产生器312之间的电压差值、第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的等效电阻值以及电压产生器312与安全构件320之间的等效电阻值，确定可变电阻313的目标电阻值。其中，该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的等效电阻值为：该第一电池单体210发生异常时，其与安全构件320之间形成的等效电阻的电阻值。
作为示例，图7示出了本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构300的另一种示意性结构框图。
如图7所示，在本申请实施例中，可变电阻313(图7中示为R 可变)可集成于安全构件320中，第一控制子模块311用于控制调整该可变电阻313的电阻值。
可选地，在电压产生器312为第二电池单体220的情况下，该第二电池单体220可与安全构件320之间可形成等效电阻R 2，从而使得第二电池单体220与安全构件320之间形成电回路。该等效电阻R 2的电阻值可较小，从而可减小该等效电阻R 2在回路的分压，提高第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的电压差。
另外，在第一电池单体210发生异常时，该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间可形成等效电阻R 1。在该情况下，第一电池单体210、第二电池单体220、第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的等效电阻R 1、第二电池单体210与安全构件320之间的等效电阻R 2以及可变电阻313(R 可变)形成电回路。第一电池单体210与安全构件 320之间的电压差U可满足如下关系式：
Figure PCTCN2022099490-appb-000001
其中，(U 1-U 2)为第一电池单体210与第二电池单体220之间的电压差。通过上述关系式可知，通过调整可变电阻313(R 可变)，即可调整第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的电压差U，当可变电阻313的电阻值调整为目标电阻值时，该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的电压差U调整为目标电压差U 0。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，可以根据实际需求的预设电压值，通过第一电池单体210、电压产生器312(例如第二电池单体220)、可变电阻313以及安全构件320组成的电回路，确定可变电阻313的目标电阻值，从而较为可靠且准确的在第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间形成目标电压差U 0。
图8示出了本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构300的另一种示意性结构框图。
如图8所示，在本申请实施例中，安全构件320容纳有安全物质，上述可变电压产生模块310在安全构件320与电池10之间建立的目标电压差用于在安全构件320与电池10之间形成电弧以击穿安全构件320，使得安全构件320释放安全物质以进行安全调控。
具体地，该安全构件320容纳的安全物质可为用于实现对电池10进行安全调控的物质。作为一种示例，该安全物质可以为流体，具有一定的流动性，其可以对电池10中产生的热量进行传递和交换，实现对电池10的安全调控。该安全物质可以为液态流体或者气态流体，例如该流体包括但不限于是水、水和乙二醇的混合液或者空气等等。或者，作为另一种示例，该安全物质也可以通过化学反应或者其它方式实现对电池10的安全调控，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。
可选地，容纳有安全物质的安全构件320可以为管状容器、板状容器或者其它任意形状的容器。该安全构件320在一些相关实施例中也可以称之为消防管道、冷却板等用于对至少一个电池单体20执行热管理的部件。或者，在另一些实施例中，该安全构件320也可以为专用于对电池10进行安全调控的部件。
在电池10发生异常的情况下，可变电压产生模块310在安全构件320与电池10之间建立的目标电压差可用于在二者之间产生电弧效应从而形成电弧。具体地，在电压产生模块310在安全构件320与电池10之间建立目标电压差后，该目标电压差可以用于在安全构件320与电池10之间形成一定的电流，该电流可击穿安全构件320与电池10之间某些绝缘介质(例如空气等)产生瞬间火花从而形成电弧。该电弧携带有较大的能量，能够击穿安全构件320的容器壁，该容器壁被击穿后，其中的安全物质被释放以使得该安全物质对电池10进行安全调控。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，安全构件320中容纳有安全物质，在电池10产生异常的情况下，可变电压产生模块310在安全构件320与电池10之间主动建立的目标电压差能够主动在安全构件320与电池10之间形成电弧。通过该具有较大能量的电弧，可以较为有效且快速的击穿破坏安全构件320，从而释放安全构件320中容纳的安全物质以对电池10起到安全调控作用，以进一步提升电池10的安全性能。
可选地，在一些可能的实施方式中，电池10包括第一电池单体210，可变电压产生模块310用于在安全构件320与电池10之间建立目标电压差；在第一电池单体210发生异常的情况下，该目标电压差使得安全构件320进行安全调控。
具体地，在该实施方式中，在该第一电池单体210发生异常的情况下，例如该第一电池单体210的运行参数超出预设的参数范围的情况下，可变电压产生模块310在该第一电池单体210所在的电池10与安全构件320之间建立目标电压差可使得安全构件320对电池10进行安全调控。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，能够针对电池10中第一电池单体210的异常，通过在安全构件320与电池10之间建立的目标电压差对电池10进行及时的安全调控，从而能够较为可靠且有针对性的保障电池10的安全性能。
图9示出了本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构300的另一示意性结构框图。
可选地，如图9所示，可变电压产生模块310用于在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间建立目标电压差U 0；上述目标电压差U 0用于在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间形成电弧以击穿安全构件320，使得安全构件320释放安全物质以对第一电池单体210的所在空间和/或第一电池单体210的附近空间进行安全调控。
如图9所示，在本申请实施例中，上述安全构件320可容纳有安全物质(例如流体)，在第一电池单体210发生异常的情况下，上述目标电压差U 0用于在第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间形成电弧以击穿该安全构件320，使得该安全构件320释放安全物质以对电池10进行安全调控。为了方便描述，下文中以安全物质为流体作为示例对其安全调控功能进行了说明。
可选地，该安全构件320可以通过其内部容纳的流体对至少一个电池单体20实现温度调控功能，在其内部的流体为温度较低的流体时，其可用于对至少一个电池单体20进行降温防止电池单体20的温度过高引发安全隐患；在其内部的流体为温度较高的流体时，其可用于对电池单体20进行升温防止电池单体20在低温环境下运行影响其电学性能。
在第一电池单体210发生异常的情况下，可变电压产生模块310在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间建立的目标电压差U 0可用于在二者之间产生电弧效应从而形成电弧。具体地，在可变电压产生模块310在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间建立目标电压差U 0后，该目标电压差U 0可以用于在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间形成一定的电流，该电流可击穿安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间某些绝缘介质(例如空气等)产生瞬间火花从而形成电弧。该电弧携带有较大的能量，能够击穿安全构件320的容器壁，该容器壁被击穿后，其中的流体流出对电池10进行温度等相关状态调控。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，安全构件320中容纳有流体，在安全构件320没有被击穿的情况下，该安全构件320本身能够通过流体对至少一个电池单体20起到一定的温度调控作用。在此基础上，可变电压产生模块310在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间主动建立的目标电压差U 0能够主动在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间形成电弧。通过该具有较大能量的电弧，可以较为有效且快速的击穿破坏安全构 件320，从而使得安全构件320中容纳的流体流出进一步对至少一个电池单体20起到调控作用，以进一步提升电池10的安全性能。
在本申请实施例的一些实施方式中，上述目标电压差U 0用于在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间形成电弧以击穿安全构件320，使得该安全构件320中的流体流出对第一电池单体210的所在空间和/或该第一电池单体210的附近空间进行安全调控。
可选地，在该实施方式中，在安全构件320以及第一电池单体210之间形成的电弧可击穿破坏安全构件320中正对于第一电池单体210的区域，此时，从安全构件320中流出的流体可对第一电池单体210的所在空间起到较好的安全调控作用。
例如，在第一电池单体210即将发生热失控或者已经发生热失控时，其内部温度较高，此时可变电压产生模块310在该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间主动形成的电弧可使得安全构件320中的流体对第一电池单体210起到精准且可靠的降温作用，防止该第一电池单体210产生的热量蔓延传递电池10中的其它电池单体，有效保证电池10的安全性能。
另外，在流体对第一电池单体210的所在空间起到安全调控作用的同时，该流体还可以流动至该第一电池单体210附近的空间，以对该第一电池单体210的附近空间进行安全调控，其中，该第一电池单体210附近的空间是指：以第一电池单体210为中心的预设范围空间。该第一电池单体210附近的空间包括与第一电池单体210相邻的电池单体20的所在空间以及相邻电池单体20之间的空间，该“与第一电池单体210相邻”并不特指与第一电池单体210直接相邻，也可指与第一电池单体210间接相邻。
具体地，在本申请实施例中，从安全构件320中流出的流体除了可对第一电池单体210的所在空间进行安全调控以外，该流体还可以对第一电池单体210附近的电池单体20进行安全调控，和/或，对第一电池单体210与附近电池单体20之间的空间进行安全调控。
或者，作为一种可能的替代实施方式，在安全构件320以及第一电池单体210之间形成的电弧也可击穿破坏安全构件320中靠近于与第一电池单体210相邻的电池单体20的区域。此时，从安全构件320中流出的流体可对与第一电池单体210相邻的电池单体20起到较好的安全调控作用。
又或者，作为另一种可能的替代实施方式，在安全构件320以及第一电池单体210之间形成的电弧也可同时击穿破坏安全构件320中正对于第一电池单体210的区域，以及靠近于与第一电池单体210相邻的电池单体20的区域。此时，从安全构件320中流出的流体可对第一电池单体210以及与第一电池单体210相邻的电池单体均起到较好的安全调控作用。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，可变电压产生模块310在第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间主动形成的电弧可使得安全构件320中的流体对第一电池单体210的所在空间和/或第一电池单体210的附近空间起到精准且可靠的调控作用，防止该第一电池单体210在异常状态下产生的热量蔓延传递电池10中的其它部位，有效保证电池10的安全性能。
在本申请实施例的一些实施方式中，上述目标电压差U 0用于在安全构件320与 第一电池单体210之间形成电弧以击穿安全构件320以及第一电池单体210的壳体，使得安全构件320中的流体流出对第一电池单体210的内部空间进行安全调控。
具体地，在该实施方式中，在安全构件320以及第一电池单体210之间形成的电弧不仅可以击穿破坏安全构件320的容器壁，还可以击穿破坏第一电池单体210的壳体。作为示例，当第一电池单体210发生异常，且其内部的温度较高时，电弧破坏了第一电池单体210的壳体，可以便于从安全构件320中流出的流体对第一电池单体210的内部进行精准且有效的降温，防止该第一电池单体210在异常状态下产生的热量蔓延至其它电池单体，进一步提升电池10的安全性能。
具体地，在本申请实施例中，可通过调整可变电阻313，从而调整电压产生器312在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间建立的目标电压差U 0。当目标电压差U 0为不同压差值时，安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间形成的电弧具有不同的能量，因此，该电弧可仅击穿安全构件320的容器壁或者同时击穿安全构件320的容器壁以及第一电池单体210的壳体。
可选地，上述目标电压差U 0与如下至少一种参数相关：安全构件320的壁厚、安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间的距离、以及安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间的对应面积。
在一些实施方式中，可通过上述至少一种参数确定用于形成电弧的目标电压差U 0。
作为一种示例，上述目标电压差U 0与安全构件320的壁厚T可满足如下关系：1≤U/T≤5000，其中，目标电压差U 0的单位为V，安全构件320的壁厚T的单位为mm。
作为另一种示例，上述目标电压差U 0与安全构件320和第一电池单体210之间的距离d满足如下关系：U/d≥2，其中，目标电压差U 0的单位为V，安全构件320和第一电池单体210之间的距离d的单位为mm。
作为第三种示例，上述目标电压差U 0与安全构件320和第一电池单体210之间的对应面积满足如下关系：U/S≥0.00008，其中，目标电压差U 0的单位为V，安全构件320和第一电池单体210之间的对应面积S的单位为mm 2。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，在设计安全构件320和第一电池单体210之间的目标电压差U 0时，可以综合考虑安全构件320、第一电池单体210以及二者所在环境中的相关参数，得到较为合适的电压差，从而产生较为稳定且可控的电弧。
可选地，在一些实施方式中，上述目标电压差U 0的范围可为4V至1000V之间。进一步地，上述目标电压差U 0的范围可为10V至500V之间。更进一步地，上述目标电压差U 0的范围可为20V至200V之间。再进一步地，上述目标电压差U 0的范围可为20V至100V之间。或者，再更进一步地，上述目标电压差U 0的范围可为30V至60V之间。
通过该实施方式的技术方案，将目标电压差U 0控制在4V至1000V或者更为精准的压差范围内，该目标电压差U 0可以在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间形成电弧，该电弧可击穿破坏安全构件320的容器壁以释放安全物质，综合保证电池10的 安全性能。
具体地，在上述申请实施例中，安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间的目标电压差U 0在第一电池单体210发生异常时驱动安全构件320或者使得安全构件320致动。该目标电压差U 0可在第一电池单体210发生异常之前建立，但对该未发生异常的第一电池单体210不构成影响，或者，该目标电压差U 0可在第一电池单体210发生异常时同步建立，以使得第一电池单体210在正常运行时，目标电压差U 0对其不造成影响，从而保障电池10的运行性能。
另外，安全构件320可不与电池10中其它电池单体20之间建立电压差，或者，在其它电池单体20正常运行时，该安全构件320与其它电池单体20之间的电压差不会对该其它电池单体20造成影响，以保障电池10的正常运行。
可选地，在上述申请实施例中，电池10中第一电池单体210可与安全构件320相互绝缘，在第一电池单体210发生异常的情况下，第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间绝缘失效，该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的目标电压差U 0使得安全构件320对电池10进行安全调控。
在该情况下，基于上文图7所示实施例，图10示出了本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构300的另一示意性结构框图。
如图10所示，在本申请实施例中，至少一个电池单体20中每个电池单体20均与安全构件320相互绝缘；在第一电池单体210发生异常的情况下，第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间绝缘失效，第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的目标电压差U 0使得安全构件320对电池10进行安全调控。
如图10所示，安全构件320与至少一个电池单体20之间可具有绝缘设计，该绝缘设计使得该安全构件320与每个电池单体20之间形成绝缘等效电阻R 0，该绝缘等效电阻R 0具有较大的阻值，在人体对至少一个电池单体20所在的电池10误触时，该绝缘等效电阻R 0可以防止电池10对人体造成伤害，从而保证人体安全。可选地，该绝缘等效电阻R 0可根据相关标准或者是实际需求进行设计，本申请实施例对该绝缘等效电阻R 0的具体电阻值不做限定。
在至少一个电池单体20中的第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的绝缘设计受到第一电池单体210或者其它部件的影响时，该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的绝缘等效电阻R 0大幅降低，此时该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的绝缘性能降低，或者说，该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间产生了绝缘失效。
如图10所示，在该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间产生绝缘失效的情况下，该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的等效电阻由绝缘等效电阻R 0降低为绝缘失效等效电阻R 1，即第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间形成了第一绝缘失效点。
当第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间绝缘性能良好时，该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间具有较大的绝缘等效电阻R 0，因此，该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的电流十分微小乃至几乎为零。而在第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间产生绝缘失效的情况下，该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的电阻会大幅降低形成绝缘失效等效电阻R 1。
在本申请实施例中，第二电池单体220在正常运行时同样可以与安全构件320之间相互绝缘，当需要对电池10执行安全调控时，该第二电池单体220可以在第一控制子模块311的控制下，与安全构件320之间产生第二绝缘失效点，即第二电池单体220与安全构件320之间的等效电阻由绝缘等效电阻R 0变为绝缘失效等效电阻R 2。
在第一电池单体210和第二电池单体220均与安全构件320之间形成绝缘失效点的情况下，第一电池单体210、第二电池单体220以及安全构件320之间形成电回路，该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间会在产生目标电压差U 0，该目标电压差U 0可驱动安全构件320或者该使得安全构件320发生致动，以对电池10进行安全调控。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，第二电池单体220与安全构件320之间的等效电阻R 2小于第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的等效电阻R 1，因此，第二电池单体220与安全构件320之间的压差较小，不会引起安全构件320的致动，而第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的压差较大，通过该较大的压差，可以使得安全构件320产生致动。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，在电池10中，第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的相互绝缘可保障安全构件320对第一电池单体210的影响较小且保障该第一电池单体210在正常运行状态下的安全性能。在此基础上，第一电池单体210发生异常可引发其与安全构件320之间的绝缘失效，进而使得安全构件320对第一电池单体210所在的电池10进行安全调控，整体实现方式具有较高的针对性以及可靠性。
可选地，在一些实施方式中，第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间设置有绝缘层以实现第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的相互绝缘。在该实施方式中，在第一电池单体210发生异常的情况下，第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的绝缘层状态改变，以使得第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间绝缘失效。
可选地，在第一电池单体210发生热失控或者即将发生热失控的情况下，该第一电池单体210的温度较高。受到该较高温度的影响，该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的绝缘层受热熔化，以使得第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间绝缘等效电阻R 0变小，形成绝缘失效。
可选地，为了保障绝缘层能够响应于第一电池单体210的异常状态，在第一电池单体210温度较高的时候受热熔化，该绝缘层的熔点可低于800℃。
或者，在其它实施方式中，该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间的绝缘层可受其它因素的控制或影响，使得其状态改变。例如，在第一电池单体210发生异常的情况下，其与安全构件320之间的绝缘层可受到外部作用，使得发生破损或者其它类型的物理状态改变，造成第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间绝缘等效电阻R 0变小，形成绝缘失效。
因此，在该实施方式的技术方案中，第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间绝缘层的绝缘设计易于在电池10中实现且能够保证绝缘性能。进一步地，该绝缘层能够响应于第一电池单体210发生热失控等异常状态，使得第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间形成有效的绝缘失效以使得安全构件320对第一电池单体210所在的电池10进行安全调控，防止或消除第一电池单体210产生的热量对电池10造成的安全影响。
需要说明的是，在上文图10所示实施例中，安全构件320与至少一个电池单体20之间除了可形成绝缘等效电阻R 0以外，还可以形成其它数值的等效电阻，该等效电阻的电阻值可能未到达绝缘电阻值的数量级，其可以为其它阻值较大的电阻，当电压产生器312在第一电池单体210发生异常之前即在第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间建立目标电压差U 0时，该安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间的等效电阻可使得该目标电压差U 0对安全构件320以及第一电池单体210的影响较小。
或者，在上文图10所示实施例中，安全构件320与至少一个电池单体20之间的等效电阻也可设计的较小乃至为零，在该情况下，电压产生器312可在第一电池单体210发生异常时，通过可变电阻313在第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间建立目标电压差U 0。
在该情况下，为了防止安全构件320对其它电池单体20造成影响，该安全构件320可对应于至少一个电池单体20中的第一电池单体210设置，而不对应于其它电池单体20设置，从而保障电池10中其它正常的电池单体20的运行性能。
或者，在安全构件320与至少一个电池单体20之间的等效电阻为绝缘等效电阻R 0或者其它具有较大阻值的电阻的情况下，该安全构件320也可对应于第一电池单体210设置，而不对应于其它电池单体20设置。
对于上文各申请实施例，在一些实施方式中，可变电压产生模块310可直接连接于安全构件320，使得该安全构件320与电池10之间形成目标电压差。在该实施方式中，电压差可在电池10发生异常之前建立。
或者，在另一些实施方式中，可变电压产生模块310也可用于获取电池10的特征信号，该电池10的特征信号用于指示电池10发生异常，可变电压产生模块310用于根据该电池10的特征信号，在安全构件320与电池10之间建立目标电压差。在该实施方式中，目标电压差可在电池10发生异常时同步建立。
具体地，在该实施方式的技术方案中，电池10的特征信号可以包括：反映电池10异常状态的状态信号。例如，该电池10的特征信号可以包括：电池10中至少一个电池单体20的特征信号，和/或，电池10中其它部件的特征信号。该特征信号包括但不限于是电气参数(例如：电流或电压等)、温度、压强、特征气体或应力等等。当电池10处于异常状态时，该电池10的特征信号的信号值区别于电池10在正常状态下的信号值。通过该电池10的特征信号的信号值，可以判定电池10处于异常状态。
作为示例而非限定，该电池10的特征信号可用于指示电池10处于热失控状态和/或处于热失控状态前预设时间段内的临界状态。具体的，当电池10中的任意一个电池单体20发生热失控或即将发生热失控时，该电池10的电气参数、该电池10内部的温度、压强、特征气体以及该电池10的箱体上的局部应力等特征信号相比于正常状态均可能会发生变化，可变电压产生模块310可通过获取电池10的特征信号，确定该电池10内部的电池单体20发生热失控或即将发生热失控，从而在安全构件320与电池10之间建立电压差，进而使得安全构件320对电池10进行安全调控。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，可变电压产生模块310能够获取并根据用于指示电池10异常的特征信号，在安全构件320与电池10之间建立目标电压差U 0，进而 使得可变电压产生模块310能够对处于异常状态下的电池10进行及时且较为可靠的安全调控。
可选地，上述电池10的特征信号可以包括：电池10中第一电池单体210的特征信号，该第一电池单体210的特征信号用于指示该第一电池单体210处于异常状态。
在该实施方式下，图11示出了本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构300的另一示意性结构框图。
可选地，如图11所示，可变电压产生模块310可以通过通信部件202连接于电池10中的至少一个电池单体20，从而获取该至少一个电池单体20的信号。其中，该通信部件202包括但不限于是信号传输线束或者是其它用于信号传输的通信器件。另外，该可变电压产生模块310除了可通过通信部件202连接于至少一个电池单体20以外，还可以通过该通信部件202连接于电池10中的其它部件，从而获取其它部件的信号。
具体地，可变电压产生模块310可用于获取电池10中第一电池单体210的特征信号，且根据该第一电池单体210的特征信号，在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间建立目标电压差U 0。其中，第一电池单体210的特征信号用于指示第一电池单体210发生异常。
在该实施方式中，第一电池单体210的特征信号可以包括以下第一电池单体210的至少一项参数：电气参数、温度、压强、特征气体或应力。
在该第一电池单体210发生异常时，该第一电池单体210处于异常状态，该异常状态可以为区别于正常运行状态的其它状态，例如，该第一电池单体210的异常状态可以为热失控状态和/或热失控状态前预设时间段内的临界状态。或者，第一电池单体210的异常状态除了可以为热失控状态和/或热失控状态的临界状态以外，还可以为其它可监测的异常状态，本申请实施例对该异常状态的类型不做具体限定。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，可变电压产生模块310能够根据该第一电池单体210的特征信号，较为准确且及时的在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间形成目标电压差U 0，从而使得安全构件320能够迅速针对第一电池单体210进行精准的安全调控。
进一步地，在第一电池单体210的特征信号用于指示第一电池单体210处于热失控状态和/或在热失控状态前预设时间段内的临界状态时，该安全调控机构300中的可变电压产生模块310以及安全构件320相互配合，可以及时乃至提前对处于热失控状态和/或临界状态的第一电池单体210进行消防，防止第一电池单体210的内部热量在电池10中扩散影响其它电池单体的性能，快速对该第一电池单体210所在的电池10进行安全调控，从而能够大幅提升电池10的安全性能。
可选地，可变电压产生模块310除了可获取电池10中第一电池单体210的特征信号以外，在其它替代实施方式中，该可变电压产生模块310还可以获取电池10中与第一电池单体210相邻电池单体的特征信号，且根据第一电池单体210的特征信号和/或与该第一电池单体210相邻电池单体的特征信号，在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间建立目标电压差U 0。
可选地，可变电压产生模块310获取电池10中第一电池单体210和/或与该第一电池单体210相邻电池单体的特征信号后，除了可在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间建立目标电压差U 0以外，还可以在安全构件320和相邻电池单体(与第一电池单体210相邻)之间建立电压差。
图12示出了本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构300的另一示意性结构框图。
如图12所示，在本申请实施例中，可变电压产生模块310包括：第二控制子模块314和可变电压子模块315，该第二控制子模块314用于获取电池10(图8中未示出)的特征信号，并根据电池10的特征信号控制可变电压子模块315在安全构件320与电池10之间建立目标电压差。
具体地，在本申请实施例中，可变电压子模块315可包括上文相关实施例中的电压产生器312和可变电阻313。
可选地，在一些实施方式中，该第二控制子模块314可以是用于管理电池10的电池管理系统(BMS)，或者，在另一些实施方式中，该第二控制子模块314还可以是其它类型的控制器件，本申请实施例对该第二控制子模块314的具体实现方式不做限定。
可选地，该第二控制子模块314可以与上文实施例中第一控制子模块311为同一控制模块，或者，该第二控制子模块314也可以与上文实施例中第一控制子模块311为两个分立的控制模块。
第二控制子模块314可根据电池10的特征信号向可变电压子模块315发送第一控制信号，该可变电压子模块315可在该第一控制信号的控制下，在安全构件320与电池10之间建立目标电压差。可选地，该可变电压子模块315中的可变电阻313可在第一控制信号的控制下进行调整，以使得电压产生器312通过该可变电阻313在安全构件320与电池10之间建立目标电压差。
另外，第二控制子模块314也根据电池10的其它信号向可变电压子模块315发送第二控制信号，该可变电压子模块315也可在该第二控制信号的控制下，撤销在安全构件320与电池10之间建立的目标电压差，降低安全构件320对于电池10的安全性能的影响，进一步提升安全调控机构300对电池10的安全调控性能。
可选地，在图12所示实施例中，第二控制子模块314可以通过通信部件202连接于电池10中的至少一个电池单体20，从而获取该至少一个电池单体20的信号。在至少一个电池单体20中第一电池单体210发生异常时，该第二控制子模块314用于获取并根据该第一电池单体210的特征信号控制可变电压子模块315在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间建立目标电压差U 0。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，在可变电压产生模块310中设置有第二控制子模块314，该第二控制子模块314能够灵活控制可变电压子模块315在安全构件320与电池10之间建立电压差。相比于可变电压产生模块310持续在安全构件320与电池10之间建立电压差的技术方案，该技术方案可以降低安全构件320与电池10持续存在的电压差对于电池10的安全性能的影响，进一步提升安全调控机构300对电池10的安全管理性能。
图13示出了本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构300的另一示意性结构框图。
如图13所示，在本申请实施例中，可变电压产生模块310还包括：监测子模块316，用于监测电池10的特征信号且将电池10(图9中未示出)的特征信号发送至第二控制子模块314。该第二控制子模块314用于接收监测子模块316发送的电池10的特征信号，并根据该特征信号控制可变电压子模块315在安全构件320与电池10之间建立目标电压差。
具体地，本申请实施例提供独立的监测子模块316，用于实时监测电池10的运行状态，例如，该监测子模块316用于实时监测电池10中每个电池单体20的信号和/或监测电池10中其它部件的信号。可选地，该监测子模块316包括但不限于是电池监控电路(Cell Supervision Circuit，CSC)或者其它用于监测电池10运行状态的模块。
可选地，在图13所示实施例中，监测子模块316可用于实时监测电池10中至少一个电池单体20，在至少一个电池单体20中的第一电池单体210发生异常时，该监测子模块316将该第一电池单体210的特征信号发送至第二控制子模块314，该第二控制子模块314用于根据该第一电池单体210的特征信号控制可变电压子模块315在安全构件320与第一电池单体210之间建立目标电压差U 0。
可选地，该监测子模块316的数量可以为一个或多个，在监测子模块316的数量为多个的情况下，其可分布设置于电池10的箱体内，以便于通过该多个监测子模块316全面监测电池10内部至少一个电池单体20以及其它部件的特征信号。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，在安全调控机构300中设置独立的监测子模块316，可用于主动且实时的监测电池10的特征信号，从而使得安全调控机构300对电池10起到更为及时且有效的安全管理，以进一步提升电池10的安全性能。
图14示出了本申请一实施例提供的安全调控机构300的另一示意性结构框图。
如图14所示，在本申请实施例中，安全调控机构300包括：可变电压产生模块310(图中未示出)和安全构件320，其中，可变电压产生模块310包括：控制子模块、电压产生器312以及可变电阻313(图中示为R 可变)。其中，该控制子模块可以包括上文实施例中的第一控制子模块311以及第二控制子模块314。
可选地，在图14所示实施例中，可复用电池10中的第二电池单体220作为可变电压产生模块310中的电压产生器312。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，至少一个电池单体20与安全构件320之间形成有绝缘层，在至少一个电池单体20正常运行的状态下，该至少一个电池单体20与安全构件320之间相互绝缘，该至少一个电池单体20中每个电池单体20与安全构件320之间具有绝缘等效电阻R 0。
如图14所示，控制子模块可通过通信部件202连接于至少一个电池单体20，当其中的第一电池单体210发生异常时，该控制子模块可接收该第一电池单体210的特征信号，破坏第二电池单体220与安全构件320之间的绝缘状态，二者之间形成的等效电阻R 2的电阻值较小，该第二电池单体220与安全构件320之间形成绝缘失效点。
进一步地，当第一电池单体210的异常引起其与安全构件320之间的绝缘层熔化时，该第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间同样也形成了绝缘失效点，该第一电池 单体210与安全构件320之间形成等效电阻R 1。由于第一电池单体210和第二电池单体220均与安全构件320形成绝缘失效点，因此，第一电池单体210、第二电池单体220以及安全构件320形成电回路。
可变电阻313设置于上述电回路中，通过调整该可变电阻313，可以使得第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间具有合适的目标电压差U 0，该目标电压差U 0可产生电弧，以击穿内部容纳有流体的安全构件320，使得该流体从安全构件320中流出对第一电池单体210及其附近空间进行安全调控。
作为一种示例，在图14所示实施例中，可变电阻313可集成于安全构件320中。或者，在其它示例中，可变电阻313还可以位于第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间，或者，可变电阻313还可以位于第二电池单体220与安全构件320之间，又或者，可变电阻313还可以位于第一电池单体210与第二电池单体220之间。
上文结合图3至图14描述了本申请实施例的安全调控机构300。下面将结合图15至图18描述本申请实施例的安全调控方法，其中未详细描述的部分可参见前述各实施例。
图15示出了本申请一实施例提供的一种安全调控方法400的示意性流程框图。该安全调控方法400可用于对电池，例如上述电池10进行安全调控。
如图15所示，在本申请实施例中，该安全调控方法400可包括以下步骤。
S410：在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差，在电池发生异常的情况下，目标电压差使得安全构件对电池进行安全调控。
具体地，在本申请实施例中，上述步骤S410的执行主体可以为上文装置实施例中可变电压产生模块310，且该步骤S410中的安全构件可以为上文装置实施例中的安全构件320。即，在本申请实施例中，可变电压产生模块310在安全构件320与电池10之间建立目标电压差。其中，该电压产生模块310、安全构件320以及电压差的相关技术方案可以参见上文装置实施例的相关描述，此处不做过多赘述。
可选地，在一些实施方式中，该可变电压产生模块310包括：电压产生器312和可变电阻313，上述目标电压差与电压产生器312的输出电压相关。
可选地，除了电压产生器312和可变电阻313以外，该可变电压产生模块310还包括：第一控制子模块311。在该情况下，图16示出了本申请一实施例提供的另一安全调控方法500的示意性流程框图。
如图16所示，在本申请实施例中，该安全调控方法500可包括以下步骤。
S510：第一控制子模块根据电压产生器的输出电压调整可变电阻的电阻值至目标电阻值，以使得电压产生器通过可变电阻在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差。
在一些可能的实施方式中，电池包括：第一电池单体；在该情况下，上述步骤S510可以包括：第一控制子模块根据电压产生器与第一电池单体之间的电压差调整可变电阻的电阻值至目标电阻值，以使得电压产生器通过可变电阻在安全构件与第一电池单体之间建立目标电压差。
在一些可能的实施方式中，上述目标电压差具有预设电压差值。在该情况下，在上述步骤S510之前，该安全调控方法500还包括：第一控制子模块根据预设电压差 值、第一电池单体与电压产生器之间的电压差值、第一电池单体与安全构件之间的等效电阻值以及电压产生器与安全构件之间的等效电阻值，确定可变电阻的目标电阻值。
在一些可能的实施方式中，上述可变电阻连接于电压产生器与安全构件之间；或者，可变电阻连接于第一电池单体与安全构件之间；或者，可变电阻连接于第一电池单体与第二电池单体之间；或者，可变电阻集成于安全构件内。
在一些可能的实施方式中，上述电压产生器包括：电池中的第二电池单体。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，可变电压产生模块中包括的第一控制子模块、电压产生器和可变电阻可以分别为上文装置实施例中的第一控制子模块311、电压产生器312以及可变电阻313，该几个模块相互配合以在第一电池单体210与安全构件320之间构件目标电压差U 0的技术方案可以参见上文装置实施例的具体描述，此处不做过多赘述。
可选地，在一些实施方式中，安全构件容纳有安全物质；上述目标电压差使得安全构件进行安全调控，包括：目标电压差用于在安全构件与电池之间形成电弧以击穿安全构件，使得安全构件释放安全物质以进行安全调控。
可选地，在一些实施方式中，电池包括第一电池单体，上述在电池发生异常的情况下，目标电压差使得安全构件进行安全调控，包括：在第一电池单体发生异常的情况下，目标电压差使得安全构件进行安全调控。
图17示出了本申请一实施例提供的另一安全调控方法600的示意性流程框图。
图17所示，在本申请实施例中，该安全调控方法600可包括以下步骤。
S610：在安全构件与第一电池单体之间建立目标电压差，在第一电池单体发生异常的情况下，目标电压差用于在安全构件与第一电池单体之间形成电弧以击穿安全构件，使得安全构件释放安全物质以对第一电池单体的所在空间和/或第一电池单体的附近空间进行安全调控。
在一些可能的实施方式中，上述目标电压差用于在安全构件与第一电池单体之间形成电弧以击穿安全构件以及第一电池单体的壳体，使得安全构件释放安全物质对第一电池单体的内部空间进行安全调控。
在一些可能的实施方式中，上述目标电压差与如下至少一种参数相关：安全构件的壁厚、安全构件与第一电池单体之间的距离、以及安全构件与第一电池单体之间的对应面积。
在一些可能的实施方式中，上述目标电压差与安全构件的壁厚满足如下关系：1≤U/T≤5000，其中，U为电压差，单位为V，T为安全构件的壁厚，单位为mm；和/或，目标电压差与安全构件和第一电池单体之间的距离满足如下关系：U/d≥2，其中，U为电压差，单位为V，d为安全构件和第一电池单体之间的距离，单位为mm；和/或，目标电压差与安全构件和第一电池单体之间的对应面积满足如下关系：U/S≥0.00008，其中，U为电压差，单位为V，S为安全构件和第一电池单体之间的对应面积，单位为mm 2。
在一些可能的实施方式中，上述目标电压差的范围为4V至1000V之间。
在一些可能的实施方式中，电池中第一电池单体与安全构件相互绝缘；在第一 电池单体发生异常的情况下，第一电池单体与安全构件之间绝缘失效，第一电池单体与安全构件之间的目标电压差使得安全构件对电池进行安全调控。
在一些可能的实施方式中，在第一电池单体发生异常的情况下，第一电池单体与安全构件之间的绝缘层状态改变，以使得第一电池单体与安全构件之间绝缘失效。
在一些可能的实施方式中，安全构件对应于第一电池单体设置。
图18示出了本申请一实施例提供的另一安全调控方法700的示意性流程框图。
如图18所示，在本申请实施例中，该安全调控方法700可包括以下步骤。
S710：获取电池的特征信号，电池的特征信号用于指示电池发生异常；
S720：根据电池的特征信号，在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差，在电池发生异常的情况下，该目标电压差使得安全构件对电池进行安全调控。
在一些可能的实施方式中，上述安全调控方法700应用于上文装置实施例中的可变电压产生模块310，该电压产生模块310包括：第二控制子模块314和可变电压子模块315。
在该情况下，上述步骤S710可以包括：第二控制子模块314获取电池的特征信号；上述步骤S720可以包括：第二控制子模块314根据电池的特征信号，控制可变电压子模块315在安全构件与电池之间建立目标电压差。
在一些可能的实施方式中，电压产生模块310还包括：监测子模块316；在该情况下，上述安全调控方法700还可以包括：监测子模块316监测电池的特征信号，并将电池的特征信号发送至第二控制子模块314。
在一些可能的实施方式中，电池的特征信号用于指示电池处于热失控状态和/或处于热失控状态前预设时间段内的临界状态。
在一些可能的实施方式中，电池的特征信号包括以下信号中的至少一项：电气参数、温度、压强、特征气体或应力。
在一些可能的实施方式中，电池的特征信号包括：电池中第一电池单体的特征信号；在该情况下，上述步骤S710可以包括：获取第一电池单体的特征信号；上述步骤S720可以包括：根据第一电池单体的特征信号，在安全构件与第一电池单体之间建立目标电压差。
图19示出了本申请实施例提供的一种电池系统101的示意性结构框图。
如图19所示，该电池系统101可以包括前述申请实施例中电池10以及安全调控机构300，该安全调控机构300用于对电池10进行安全调控。
本申请一个实施例还提供了一种用电装置，该用电装置可以包括前述实施例中的电池系统101，该电池系统101用于向该用电装置提供电能。
在一些实施例中，用电装置可以为车辆1、船舶或航天器。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (46)

  1. 一种安全调控机构，其特征在于，用于对电池进行安全调控，所述安全调控机构包括：可变电压产生模块和安全构件；
    所述可变电压产生模块用于在所述安全构件与所述电池之间建立目标电压差，在所述电池发生异常的情况下，所述目标电压差使得所述安全构件进行安全调控。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述可变电压产生模块包括：电压产生器和可变电阻，所述目标电压差与所述电压产生器的输出电压相关。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述可变电压产生模块还包括：第一控制子模块；
    所述可变电压产生模块用于在所述安全构件与所述电池之间建立目标电压差，包括：
    所述第一控制子模块用于根据所述电压产生器的输出电压调整所述可变电阻的电阻值至目标电阻值，以使得所述电压产生器通过所述可变电阻在所述安全构件与所述电池之间建立所述目标电压差。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述电池包括：第一电池单体；
    所述第一控制子模块用于根据所述电压产生器与所述第一电池单体之间的电压差调整所述可变电阻的电阻值至所述目标电阻值，以使得所述电压产生器通过所述可变电阻在所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间建立所述目标电压差。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述目标电压差具有预设电压差值；
    所述第一控制子模块用于根据所述预设电压差值、所述第一电池单体与所述电压产生器之间的电压差值、所述第一电池单体与所述安全构件之间的等效电阻值以及所述电压产生器与所述安全构件之间的等效电阻值，确定所述可变电阻的所述目标电阻值。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，
    所述可变电阻连接于所述电压产生器与所述安全构件之间；或者，
    所述可变电阻连接于所述第一电池单体与所述安全构件之间；或者，
    所述可变电阻连接于所述第一电池单体与所述电压产生器之间；或者，
    所述可变电阻集成于所述安全构件内。
  7. 根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述电压产生器包括：所述电池中的第二电池单体。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述安全构件容纳有安全物质；
    所述目标电压差使得所述安全构件进行安全调控，包括：
    所述目标电压差用于在所述安全构件与所述电池之间形成电弧以击穿所述安全构 件，使得所述安全构件释放所述安全物质以进行安全调控。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述电池包括第一电池单体；
    所述在所述电池发生异常的情况下，所述目标电压差使得所述安全构件进行安全调控，包括：
    在所述第一电池单体发生异常的情况下，所述目标电压差使得所述安全构件进行安全调控。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述可变电压产生模块用于在所述安全构件与所述电池之间建立目标电压差，包括：
    所述可变电压产生模块用于在所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间建立所述目标电压差；
    所述目标电压差用于在所述安全构件与所述电池之间形成电弧以击穿所述安全构件，使得所述安全构件释放所述安全物质以进行安全调控，包括：
    所述目标电压差用于在所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间形成电弧以击穿所述安全构件，使得所述安全构件释放所述安全物质以对所述第一电池单体的所在空间和/或所述第一电池单体的附近空间进行安全调控。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述目标电压差用于在所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间形成电弧以击穿所述安全构件，使得所述安全构件释放所述安全物质以对所述第一电池单体的所在空间进行安全调控，包括：
    所述目标电压差用于在所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间形成所述电弧以击穿所述安全构件以及所述第一电池单体的壳体，使得所述安全构件释放所述安全物质以对所述第一电池单体的内部空间进行安全调控。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述目标电压差与如下至少一种参数相关：
    所述安全构件的壁厚、所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间的距离、以及所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间的对应面积。
  13. 根据权利要求8至12中任一项所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述目标电压差的范围为4V至1000V之间。
  14. 根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述第一电池单体与所述安全构件相互绝缘；
    在第一所述第一电池单体发生异常的情况下，所述第一电池单体与所述安全构件之间绝缘失效，所述第一电池单体与所述安全构件之间的所述目标电压差使得所述安全构件进行安全调控。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，在所述第一电池单体发生异常的情况下，所述第一电池单体与所述安全构件之间的绝缘层状态改变，以使得所述第一电池单体与所述安全构件之间绝缘失效。
  16. 根据权利要求9至15中任一项所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述安全构件对应于所述第一电池单体设置。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述可变电压产生模块用于获取所述电池的特征信号，所述电池的特征信号用于指示所述电池发生异常；
    所述可变电压产生模块用于根据所述电池的特征信号，在所述安全构件与所述电池之间建立所述目标电压差。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述可变电压产生模块包括：第二控制子模块和可变电压子模块；
    所述第二控制子模块用于获取所述电池的特征信号，并根据所述电池的特征信号，控制所述可变电压子模块在所述安全构件与所述电池之间建立所述目标电压差。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述可变电压产生模块还包括：监测子模块；
    所述监测子模块用于监测所述电池的特征信号，并将所述电池的特征信号发送至所述第二控制子模块。
  20. 根据权利要求17至19中任一项所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述电池的特征信号用于指示所述电池处于热失控状态和/或处于热失控状态前预设时间段内的临界状态。
  21. 根据权利要求17至20中任一项所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述电池的特征信号包括以下信号中的至少一项：电气参数、温度、压强、特征气体或应力。
  22. 根据权利要求17至21中任一项所述的安全调控机构，其特征在于，所述电池的特征信号包括：所述电池中第一电池单体的特征信号；
    所述可变电压产生模块用于根据所述第一电池单体的特征信号，在所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间建立所述目标电压差。
  23. 一种安全调控方法，其特征在于，用于对电池进行安全调控，所述安全调控方法包括：
    在安全构件与所述电池之间建立目标电压差，在所述电池发生异常的情况下，所述目标电压差使得所述安全构件进行安全调控。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述安全调控方法应用于可变电压产生模块，所述可变电压产生模块包括：电压产生器和可变电阻，所述目标电压差与所述电压产生器的输出电压相关。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述可变电压产生模块还包括：第一控制子模块；
    所述在安全构件与所述电池之间建立目标电压差，包括：
    所述第一控制子模块根据所述电压产生器的输出电压调整所述可变电阻的电阻值至目标电阻值，以使得所述电压产生器通过所述可变电阻在所述安全构件与所述电池之间建立所述目标电压差。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述电池包括：第一电池单体；
    所述第一控制子模块根据所述电压产生器的输出电压调整所述可变电阻的电阻值 至目标电阻值，以使得所述电压产生器通过所述可变电阻在所述安全构件与所述电池之间建立所述目标电压差，包括：
    所述第一控制子模块根据所述电压产生器与所述第一电池单体之间的电压差调整所述可变电阻的电阻值至所述目标电阻值，以使得所述电压产生器通过所述可变电阻在所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间建立所述目标电压差。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述目标电压差具有预设电压差值；
    其中，在所述第一控制子模块根据所述电压产生器与所述第一电池单体之间的电压差调整所述可变电阻的电阻值至所述目标电阻值之前，所述安全调控方法还包括：
    所述第一控制子模块根据所述预设电压差值、所述第一电池单体与所述电压产生器之间的电压差值、所述第一电池单体与所述安全构件之间的等效电阻值以及所述电压产生器与所述安全构件之间的等效电阻值，确定所述可变电阻的所述目标电阻值。
  28. 根据权利要求26或27所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述可变电阻连接于所述电压产生器与所述安全构件之间；或者，
    所述可变电阻连接于所述第一电池单体与所述安全构件之间；或者，
    所述可变电阻连接于所述第一电池单体与所述电压产生器之间；或者，
    所述可变电阻集成于所述安全构件内。
  29. 根据权利要求26至28中任一项所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述电压产生器包括：所述电池中的第二电池单体。
  30. 根据权利要求23至29中任一项所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述安全构件容纳有安全物质；
    所述目标电压差使得所述安全构件进行安全调控，包括：
    所述目标电压差用于在所述安全构件与所述电池之间形成电弧以击穿所述安全构件，使得所述安全构件释放所述安全物质以进行安全调控。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述电池包括第一电池单体；
    所述在所述电池发生异常的情况下，所述目标电压差使得所述安全构件进行安全调控，包括：
    在所述第一电池单体发生异常的情况下，所述目标电压差使得所述安全构件进行安全调控。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述在所述安全构件与所述电池之间建立目标电压差，包括：
    在所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间建立所述目标电压差；
    所述目标电压差用于在所述安全构件与所述电池之间形成电弧以击穿所述安全构件，使得所述安全构件释放所述安全物质以进行安全调控，包括：
    所述目标电压差用于在所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间形成电弧以击穿所述安全构件，使得所述安全构件释放所述安全物质以对所述第一电池单体的所在空间和/或所述第一电池单体的附近空间进行安全调控。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述目标电压差用于在所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间形成电弧以击穿所述安全构件，使得所述安全构件释放所述安全物质以对所述第一电池单体的所在空间进行安全调控，包括：
    所述目标电压差用于在所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间形成所述电弧以击穿所述安全构件以及所述第一电池单体的壳体，使得所述安全构件释放所述安全物质以对所述第一电池单体的内部空间进行安全调控。
  34. 根据权利要求32或33所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述目标电压差与如下至少一种参数相关：
    所述安全构件的壁厚、所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间的距离、以及所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间的对应面积。
  35. 根据权利要求30至34中任一项所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述目标电压差的范围为4V至1000V之间。
  36. 根据权利要求31至35中任一项所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述第一电池单体与所述安全构件相互绝缘；
    所述在所述第一电池单体发生异常的情况下，所述目标电压差使得所述安全构件进行安全调控，包括：
    在所述第一电池单体发生异常的情况下，所述第一电池单体与所述安全构件之间绝缘失效，所述第一电池单体与所述安全构件之间的所述目标电压差使得所述安全构件进行安全调控。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，在所述第一电池单体发生异常的情况下，所述第一电池单体与所述安全构件之间的绝缘层状态改变，以使得所述第一电池单体与所述安全构件之间绝缘失效。
  38. 根据权利要求31至37中任一项所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述安全构件对应于所述第一电池单体设置。
  39. 根据权利要求23至38中任一项所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述在所述安全构件与所述电池之间建立目标电压差，包括：
    获取所述电池的特征信号，所述电池的特征信号用于指示所述电池发生异常；
    根据所述电池的特征信号，在所述安全构件与所述电池之间建立所述目标电压差。
  40. 根据权利要求39所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述安全调控方法应用于可变电压产生模块，所述可变电压产生模块包括：第二控制子模块和可变电压子模块；
    其中，所述获取所述电池的特征信号，包括：
    所述第二控制子模块获取所述电池的特征信号；
    所述根据所述电池的特征信号，在所述安全构件与所述电池之间建立所述目标电压差，包括：
    所述第二控制子模块根据所述电池的特征信号，控制所述可变电压子模块在所述安全构件与所述电池之间建立所述目标电压差。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述可变电压产生模块 还包括：监测子模块；所述安全调控方法还包括：
    所述监测子模块监测所述电池的特征信号，并将所述电池的特征信号发送至所述第二控制子模块。
  42. 根据权利要求39至41中任一项所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述电池的特征信号用于指示所述电池处于热失控状态和/或处于热失控状态前预设时间段内的临界状态。
  43. 根据权利要求39至42中任一项所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述电池的特征信号包括以下信号中的至少一项：电气参数、温度、压强、特征气体或应力。
  44. 根据权利要求39至43中任一项所述的安全调控方法，其特征在于，所述电池的特征信号包括：所述电池中第一电池单体的特征信号；
    其中，所述获取所述电池的特征信号，包括：
    获取所述第一电池单体的特征信号；
    所述根据所述电池的特征信号，在所述安全构件与所述电池之间建立目标电压差，包括：
    根据所述第一电池单体的特征信号，在所述安全构件与所述第一电池单体之间建立所述目标电压差。
  45. 一种电池系统，其特征在于，包括：
    电池，以及，
    如权利要求1至22中任一项所述的安全调控机构，所述安全调控机构用于对所述电池进行安全调控。
  46. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求45所述的电池系统，所述电池系统用于为所述用电装置提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/099490 2022-06-17 2022-06-17 安全调控机构、方法、电池系统和用电装置 WO2023240605A1 (zh)

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