WO2023240520A1 - 离合机构、离合组件及电子锁 - Google Patents
离合机构、离合组件及电子锁 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023240520A1 WO2023240520A1 PCT/CN2022/099087 CN2022099087W WO2023240520A1 WO 2023240520 A1 WO2023240520 A1 WO 2023240520A1 CN 2022099087 W CN2022099087 W CN 2022099087W WO 2023240520 A1 WO2023240520 A1 WO 2023240520A1
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- Prior art keywords
- clutch
- rotating drum
- track
- axis
- pin
- Prior art date
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQMRAFJOBWOFNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl UQMRAFJOBWOFNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 front shell 41 Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
- F16D11/16—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts with clutching members movable otherwise than only axially
Definitions
- door locks on the market come in various forms, they all contain a mechanical part that opens the door with a key.
- Domestic door lock standards support key opening from inside and outside the door.
- Foreign ball locks, deadlocks and other standards can support the key to open the door from outside, and the door can be opened by rotating the lock body connecting piece.
- Electronic door locks are different from traditional mechanical door locks in that they can be driven by electricity to open and close the lock, but they also contain a mechanical part for opening the door with a key.
- the manual rotating mechanism is connected to the motor reduction box of the electric rotating mechanism, due to the resistance of the reducing box, there will be relatively large resistance when manually twisting the knob.
- this application provides a clutch mechanism, a clutch assembly and an electronic lock, which can realize switching between the engaged state and the separated state through a simple and compact structure.
- a clutch mechanism including:
- a clutch pin is provided on one of the first clutch member or the second clutch member.
- a clutch track is provided on the other of the first clutch member or the second clutch member around the axis, and the clutch track has at least one engagement point and a separation section;
- the clutch pin cooperates with the clutch track and can relatively move along the clutch track to the at least one joint point and the separation section; the clutch pin is connected to the electric drive when at the at least one joint point.
- the mechanism and the first clutch member enable the second clutch member to drive the first clutch member to rotate around the axis; when the clutch pin is in the separation section, the second clutch member separates from the first clutch member.
- the at least one engagement point includes a first engagement point and a second engagement point respectively provided at both ends of the separation section; when the clutch pin relatively moves along the clutch track from the separation section When reaching the first joint point, the clutch pin is positioned relative to the clutch track in a first direction around the axis, so that the clutch pin and the clutch track can move toward the axis together around the axis. Rotate in the first direction; when the clutch pin moves from the separation section to the second engagement point relative to the clutch track, the clutch pin is positioned relative to the clutch track in a second direction around the axis , so that the clutch pin and the clutch track can rotate together around the axis in the second direction, and the first direction is opposite to the second direction.
- the clutch track is in the form of a spiral arranged around the axis, and the first joint point and the second joint point are respectively located at the ends of the spiral.
- embodiments of the present application also provide a clutch assembly, including:
- a first clutch defining an axis, including a first rotating drum disposed about the axis;
- a second clutch including a second rotating drum coaxially disposed on the axis with the first rotating drum;
- a clutch mechanism includes a clutch pin and a clutch track.
- the clutch pin is arranged on one of the first rotating drum and the second rotating drum.
- the clutch track is arranged on the first rotating drum around the axis.
- the clutch pin cooperates with the clutch track and can move relatively along the clutch track, and the clutch track is provided with at least one engagement point and a separation section;
- the clutch pin connects the first rotating drum and the second rotating drum at the at least one joint point, so that the second clutch member can drive the first clutch member to rotate around the axis. ;
- the clutch pin separates the first rotating drum and the second rotating drum in the separation section, so that the first clutch member can rotate around the axis independently of the second clutch member.
- the at least one joint point includes a first joint point and a second joint point, and the separation section is disposed between the first joint point and the second joint point;
- the clutch pin When the clutch pin is located at the first joint point, the clutch pin connects the first rotating drum and the second rotating drum, and causes the first rotating drum to rotate along with the second rotating drum.
- the axis rotates in the first direction;
- the clutch pin When the clutch pin is located at the second joint point, the clutch pin connects the first rotating drum and the second rotating drum, and causes the first rotating drum to rotate along with the second rotating drum.
- the axis rotates in a second direction opposite to the first direction.
- the clutch pin is provided with at least one protrusion protruding into the clutch track
- the first rotating drum or the second rotating drum is provided with a first limiting boss at the first joint point, and the first rotating drum or the second rotating drum is provided at the second joint point.
- a second limiting boss is provided at the first joint point; or, the clutch rail is provided with a first limiting boss at the first joint point, and the clutch rail is provided with a second limit boss at the second joint point. bit boss;
- the at least one protrusion selectively abuts the first limiting boss or the first stopper, is located in the separation section, or is in contact with the second limiting boss or the second The stopper is in contact.
- the clutch track is in the form of a spiral arranged around the axis, and the first joint point and the second joint point are respectively arranged at the ends of the spiral.
- the first rotating drum or the second rotating drum is provided with a clutch pin groove in a direction parallel to the axis, and the clutch pin can be moved along the clutch pin groove in a direction parallel to the axis.
- the movable length of the clutch pin in the clutch pin groove is not less than the distance between the first joint point and the second joint point in the axial direction. distance.
- the first rotating drum or the second rotating drum is provided with a clutch track groove in a direction parallel to the axis, and the clutch track can be moved along the clutch track groove in a direction parallel to the axis.
- the movable length of the clutch track in the clutch track groove is not less than the distance between the first joint point and the second joint point in the axial direction. distance.
- the clutch pin is provided with one or more protrusions spaced apart from the lead of the spiral in the axial direction, and the number Q of the spiral coils of the clutch track is the same as the number Q of the first spiral.
- the clutch track is formed by a coil spring, and the gap between adjacent spring wires in the direction parallel to the axis of the coil spring provides the protruding accommodation space.
- both ends of the coil spring are bent outward or inward to extend into the inner wall of the second rotating drum or the outer wall of the first rotating drum to install the spiral spring to on the second rotating drum or the first rotating drum.
- the second rotating drum includes a first cylinder and a second cylinder that are joined together in the axial direction, and first end mounting grooves are respectively provided on the side walls of the first cylinder.
- the second end mounting groove, the first end clamping block and the second end clamping block protrude from the second cylinder, and the first end clamping block and the second end clamping block are respectively along the axis direction. It is clamped into the first end installation groove and the second end installation groove.
- the first end of the coil spring extends into the first end installation groove and is blocked by the first end clamping block.
- the second end of the coil spring extends into the second end installation groove and is blocked by the second end clamping block.
- an electronic lock including:
- a housing, the clutch component is arranged in the housing;
- both ends of the first clutch member on the axis are respectively exposed on the housing, so that the first clutch member can be twisted from outside the housing to rotate around the axis and can be connected with the key. , knob, or tail rod.
- the clutch mechanism and electronic lock provided by the embodiments of the present application at least have the following beneficial effects:
- the clutch mechanism, clutch assembly and electronic lock of the present application use a clutch pin and a clutch track to support the driven rotation of the second clutch member while supporting the second clutch member.
- the clutch switching is realized with a purely mechanical structure, which can save a set of electric clutch modules, and the mechanical structure is more stable and reliable, and has lower power consumption. ;
- the clutch track can be compatible with opening and closing solutions of less than one, one and multiple rotations, solving the problem of needing to install additional clutches in multi-turn opening and locking solutions.
- Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a clutch assembly according to an embodiment of the present application
- FIG 2 is an exploded structural diagram of the clutch assembly in Figure 1;
- FIG 3 is an exploded structural diagram of the clutch assembly in Figure 1 from another angle;
- FIG 4 is an exploded structural diagram of the clutch assembly in Figure 1 from another angle;
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of Figure 4 from another angle
- Figure 6 is a further exploded structural diagram of the clutch assembly in Figure 5 with the transmission gear and motor removed;
- Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of Figure 6 from another angle
- Figure 8 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of Figure 5 after partial assembly
- Figure 9 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of Figure 8 from another angle
- Figure 10 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a clutch mechanism according to another embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 11 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a clutch mechanism according to yet another embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 12 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of an electronic lock according to another embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 13 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the electronic lock in Figure 11 from another angle;
- Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the electronic lock in Figure 11;
- FIG. 15 is an exploded structural diagram of the electronic lock in FIG. 12 .
- Manual unlocking mechanism 10 (including first rotating drum 11, manual knob 12, rotating shaft 13; clutch pin groove 111, connector 112; knob 121, connection port 122, clutch pin groove limiter 123; key slot 131);
- Electric drive mechanism 20 (wherein, the second rotating drum 21, the transmission mechanism 22, the motor 23; the first cylinder 211, the second cylinder 212, the first limiting boss 213, the second limiting boss 214; the first End mounting groove 2111, second end mounting groove 2112; first end clamping block 2121, second end clamping block 2122; ring gear 221, transmission gear 222);
- the clutch mechanism 30 (wherein, the clutch pin 31, the clutch track 32; the protrusion 311, the rod portion 312; the first limiting boss, the second limiting boss; the first joint point 321, the separation section 322, the second joint point 323, first end 324, second end 325, first stopper 326, second stopper 327);
- Shell 40 (including front shell 41, inner support 42, rear support 43, bottom plate 44);
- Circuit board 60 battery box 70;
- connection should be understood in a broad sense.
- connection or integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediary, or it can be internal connection between two components.
- connection or integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediary, or it can be internal connection between two components.
- the clutch assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a manual unlocking mechanism 10, an electric drive mechanism 20 and a clutch mechanism 30.
- the manual unlocking mechanism 10 can be rotated around an axis (as shown by the dotted line in the figure). ) is rotatably disposed in the electric drive mechanism 20 as the second clutch member.
- the clutch mechanism 30 is disposed between the manual unlocking mechanism 10 as the first clutch member and the electric drive mechanism 20 as the second clutch member.
- the clutch mechanism 30 realizes The electric drive mechanism 20 (second clutch) and the manual unlocking mechanism 10 (first clutch) are engaged or separated.
- the clutch mechanism 30 connects the electric driving mechanism 20 and the manual unlocking mechanism 10, so that the electric driving mechanism 20 drives the manual unlocking mechanism 10 to rotate around the axis through the clutch mechanism 30, thereby realizing electric unlocking and/or locking; in the separated state , the clutch mechanism 30 separates the electric driving mechanism 20 and the manual unlocking mechanism 10, so that the manual unlocking mechanism 10 can rotate around the axis independently of the electric driving mechanism 20, thereby realizing manual unlocking and/or locking.
- the manual unlocking mechanism 10 includes a first rotating drum 11 arranged around an axis, a manual knob 12 and a rotating shaft 13 .
- the manual knob 12 is connected to one end of the first rotating drum 11, and the manual knob 12 provides a holding part for manual rotation;
- the rotating shaft 13 extends from the other end of the first rotating drum 11 along the axial direction, and is used for connecting with the key or the tail lever. connect.
- the electric driving mechanism 20 includes a second rotating drum 21, a transmission mechanism 22 and a motor 23.
- the second rotating drum 21 is arranged around the axis outside the first rotating drum 11.
- the transmission mechanism 22 connects the second rotating drum 21 and the motor 23, and the motor 23 The output power is transmitted to the second rotating drum 21.
- the clutch mechanism 30 includes a clutch pin 31 and a clutch track 32 .
- the clutch pin 31 cooperates with the clutch track 32 .
- the clutch pin 31 can move relative to the clutch track 32 along the clutch track 32 .
- the clutch pin 31 is installed on the first rotating drum 11
- the clutch track 32 is provided or installed on the second rotating drum 21 .
- a clutch pin groove 111 is provided on the side wall of the first rotating drum 11.
- the length direction of the clutch pin groove 111 is parallel to the axis.
- the clutch pin groove 111 is used to install the clutch pin 31 and
- a space is provided for the clutch pin 31 to move along the length direction of the clutch pin groove 111 .
- One end of the first rotating drum 11 facing the manual knob 12 is provided with a connector 112 for connecting the manual knob 12 with the first rotating drum 11, so that the first rotating drum 11 can be rotated around the axis through the manual knob 12.
- the end of the manual knob 12 away from the first rotating drum 11 is provided with a knob 121.
- the knob 121 is a straight-line protrusion perpendicular to the axis, providing a manual grip portion to facilitate twisting the manual knob 12 around the axis.
- the manual knob 12 is provided with a connection port 122 at one end facing the first rotating drum 11.
- the connection port 122 matches the shape of the connection head 112, so that the connection head 112 can be inserted into the connection port 122 along the axial direction to form a connection, so that by twisting the knob 121
- the first rotating drum 12 is rotatable.
- the clutch pin groove limiter 123 protrudes from one end of the manual knob 12 toward the first rotating drum 11 in a direction parallel to the axis.
- the position of the clutch pin groove limiter 123 corresponds to the clutch pin groove 111 on the first rotating drum 11. Therefore, when the manual knob 12 is connected to the first rotating drum 11 along the axial direction, the clutch pin groove limiting block 123 extends into the clutch pin groove 111 to limit the clutch pin 31 in the clutch pin groove 111 and constrain the clutch pin 31 in the clutch position.
- the rotating shaft 13 extends along the axis direction from an end of the first rotating drum 11 away from the manual knob 12 and is used for connecting with the end of the key or the tail lever.
- a key hole 131 is provided on the rotating shaft 13, and the end of the key or the tail rod can be extended into the key hole 131 to form a connection, so that the rotation of the rotating shaft 13 drives the key or the tail rod to rotate.
- the manual unlocking mechanism 10 can rotate the first rotating drum 11 and the rotating shaft 13 connected with the manual knob 12 around the axis by twisting the manual knob 12 .
- the key or tail lever connected to the rotating shaft 13 rotates accordingly, thereby enabling manual unlocking or locking.
- the second rotating drum 21 is composed of the first cylinder 211 and the second cylinder 212 in the axial direction, so as to facilitate the installation of the clutch track 32 to the second rotating drum 21 on the inner wall.
- the first end mounting groove 2111 and the second end mounting groove 2112 are respectively provided on the side wall of the first cylinder 211; correspondingly, the first end clamping block 2121 and the second end clamping block 2121 protrude from the second cylinder 212.
- the end clamping block 2122, the first end clamping block 2121, and the second end clamping block 2122 are respectively clamped into the first end installation groove 2111 and the second end installation groove 2112 along the axial direction, thereby realizing the two ends of the clutch track 32 to be fixed.
- the first end mounting groove 2111 and the second end mounting groove 2112 are V-shaped with openings facing the first end clamping block 2121 and the second end clamping block 2122.
- the first end clamping block 2121 and the second end clamping block 2122 are V-shaped.
- the clamping block 2122 has a corresponding V shape, which facilitates the first end clamping block 2121 and the second end clamping block 2122 to enter the first end installation groove 2111 and the second end installation slot 2112 and limit their position.
- the transmission mechanism 22 includes a ring gear 221 and a transmission gear 222.
- the ring gear 221 is disposed on the outer wall of the second cylinder 212, and the transmission gear 222 is in mesh with the ring gear 221. At the same time, it is also meshed (gear meshed) or connected (coupling, etc.) with the power output shaft of the motor 23.
- the power output shaft of the motor 23 is arranged perpendicular to the axial direction. Therefore, one end of the transmission gear 222 meshes with the ring gear 221, and the other end engages with the motor 23 through the bevel gear. The PTO shaft is engaged.
- the electric drive mechanism 20 can reduce the speed of the motor 23 through the gear reduction box and increase the torque at the same time.
- the output gear transmission gear 222 of the reduction box meshes with the ring gear 221 to transmit the power to the second rotating drum 21; and then through the third rotating drum 21.
- the clutch relationship between the second rotating drum 21 and the first rotating drum 11 allows the first rotating drum 11 and the rotating shaft 13 to rotate around the axis together.
- the key or tail rod connected to the rotating shaft 13 rotates accordingly, thereby unlocking or locking can be realized.
- the clutch pin 31 includes a protrusion 311 and a stem 312.
- the stem 312 is arranged along the axial direction.
- the protrusion 311 moves from the stem 312 toward the clutch track in a direction perpendicular to the stem 312. 32 sticks out.
- the protrusion 311 extends into the clutch rail 32 and can move along the clutch rail 32; the rod portion 312 is placed in the clutch pin groove 111 to guide the clutch pin 31 to move along the length direction of the clutch pin groove 111.
- the clutch track 32 has a first joining point 321, a separation section 322 and a second joining point 323.
- the first joining point 321 and the second joining point 322 are respectively provided at both ends of the separation section 322. That is, the protrusion 311 on the clutch pin 31 can move from the first engagement point 321 along the separation section 322 to the second engagement point 323 in the clutch track 32; the protrusion 311 can move along the second engagement point 323 in the clutch track 32.
- the separation section 322 moves to the first joint point 321.
- the movable length of the clutch pin 31 in the clutch pin groove 111 is not less than the distance in the axial direction between the first engagement point 321 and the second engagement point 323 .
- the protrusion 311 of the clutch pin 31 moves relatively along the clutch track 32 from the separation section 322 to the first engagement point 321, the protrusion 311 is positioned relative to the clutch track 32 in the first direction around the axis, and the protrusion 311 is first limited.
- the stop of the position boss 213 is held at the first joint point 321, and the clutch pin 31 and the clutch track 32 can move together around the axis in the first direction ( direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 8).
- the clutch pin 31 is provided on the first rotating drum 11 and together with the manual unlocking mechanism 10 forms an inner rotating group;
- the two rotating drums 21 together form an outer rotating group;
- the outer rotating group and the inner rotating group cooperate with the clutch track 32 through the clutch pin 31 to perform cylindrical spiral motion around the axis.
- the clutch pin 31 also moves accordingly.
- the rod portion of the clutch pin 31 moves in the clutch pin groove 111, and the protrusion 311 of the clutch pin 31 moves in the clutch track 32.
- the clutch pin 31 of the clutch mechanism 30 can be provided with two protrusions 311 spaced apart in the axial direction.
- the distance between the two protrusions 311 is consistent with the distance between the clutch rail 32 and The leads of the cylindrical helices are equal, so that the two protrusions 311 are respectively placed in axially adjacent tracks of the clutch track 32 .
- each protrusion 311 has a corresponding first engagement point 321 and a second engagement point 323 on the clutch track 32 .
- the first joint points 321 of the two protrusions 311 are adjacent in the axial direction, and the second joint points 323 corresponding to the two protrusions are adjacent in the axial direction.
- the number of protrusions on the clutch pin of the clutch mechanism can be set to more than two, which will not be described again here.
- the clutch pin 31 of the clutch mechanism 30 can be installed on the second rotating drum 21 (not shown) of the electric drive mechanism 20.
- the clutch track 32 is installed on the manual unlocking mechanism.
- the clutch pin 31 is installed on the inner wall of the second rotating drum 21 , and the protrusion 311 of the clutch pin 31 faces the outer wall of the first rotating drum 11 ; the clutch track 32 is directly opened or installed on the outer wall of the first rotating drum 11 .
- the manual unlocking mechanism 10 may be disassembled from multiple parts, or may adopt other forms.
- the electronic lock assembly is installed on the inner support 42, and is provided with a front shell 41, an inner support 42, and a rear support 43 respectively along the front and rear directions of the axis.
- the front case 41 is connected to the rear support 43 and confines the inner support 42 therebetween.
- the front shell 41 covers the inner supporting member 42 from the front and side, and the back plate 42 blocks the inner supporting member 42 from the rear.
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Abstract
一种离合机构（30）以及设置有该离合机构（30）的电子锁（100），离合机构（30）包括：离合销（31），设置于第一离合件（10）或第二离合件（20）其中之一上；以及离合轨道（32），绕轴线设置于第一离合件（10）或第二离合件（20）其中另一上，离合轨道（32）上具有至少一接合点（321、323）以及分离段（322）；其中，离合销（31）与离合轨道（32）配合并可相对沿离合轨道（32）移动至至少一接合点（321、323）以及分离段（322）；离合销（31）在至少一接合点（321、323）处时连接第二离合件（20）与第一离合件（10）；离合销（31）在分离段（322）时第二离合件（10）与第一离合件（20）分离。
Description
本申请涉及电子锁技术领域，尤其是涉及一种离合机构、离合组件及电子锁。
市面上的门锁虽然有各种各样的形态，但都含有钥匙开门的机械部分。国内的门锁标准支持门内和门外用钥匙开门。国外球锁、呆锁等标准，可以支持门外钥匙开门，门内可通过旋转锁体连接片开门。
电子门锁与传统机械门锁不同，可通过电来驱动实现开闭锁，但也都含有钥匙开门的机械部分。手动旋转机构与电动旋转机构的电机减速箱连接时，由于减速箱的阻力，手动去扭动旋钮时会有比较大的阻力。
在需要同时满足手动旋转旋钮和电动驱动旋钮旋转两种情形兼容的条件下，还要消除减速箱对手动旋转的阻力，通常需要额外设置一套离合器，通过手动按压离合器或者电动驱动离合器来切换手动旋转和电动旋转状态以便消除电机减速箱带来的阻力影响。以电动离合器为例，通常含有电机、减速齿轮组、驱动芯片等组件，结构较为复杂且需占用一定的结构空间，因此，采用离合器会使电子锁尺寸增大，或者受限于门锁的尺寸需采用体积较小的离合器元件，如此会导致影响离合器的性能或寿命。
为解决现有存在的技术问题，本申请提供一种离合机构、离合组件及电子锁，通过简单、紧凑的结构能够实现接合状态与分离状态之间的切换。
为达到上述目的，本申请实施例的技术方案是这样实现的：
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种离合机构，包括：
离合销，设置于第一离合件或第二离合件其中之一上；以及
离合轨道，绕轴线设置于第一离合件或第二离合件其中另一上，所述离合轨道上具有至少一接合点以及分离段；
其中，所述离合销与所述离合轨道配合并可相对沿所述离合轨道移动至所述至少一接合点以及所述分离段；所述离合销在所述至少一接合点处时连接电动驱动机构与第一离合件，以使第二离合件驱动第一离合件绕所述轴线转动；所述离合销在所述分离段时第二离合件与第一离合件分离。
在其中一实施例中，所述至少一接合点包括分别设置在所述分离段两端的第一接合点和第二接合点；当所述离合销相对沿所述离合轨道从所述分离段移 动至所述第一接合点时，所述离合销相对所述离合轨道在绕所述轴线的第一方向上限位，以使所述离合销和所述离合轨道可一同绕所述轴线向所述第一方向转动；当所述离合销相对所述离合轨道从所述分离段移动至所述第二接合点时，所述离合销相对所述离合轨道在绕所述轴线的第二方向上限位，以使所述离合销和所述离合轨道可一同绕所述轴线向所述第二方向转动，所述第一方向与所述第二方向相反。
在其中一实施例中，所述离合轨道呈绕所述轴线设置的螺旋线，所述第一接合点、所述第二接合点分别位于所述螺旋线的末端。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种离合组件，包括：
第一离合件，定义一轴线，包括绕所述轴线设置的第一转筒；
第二离合件，包括与所述第一转筒在所述轴线上同轴设置的第二转筒；以及
离合机构，包括离合销及离合轨道，所述离合销设置在所述第一转筒与所述第二转筒其中之一上，所述离合轨道绕所述轴线设置在所述第一转筒与所述第二转筒其中另一上，所述离合销与所述离合轨道配合并可相对沿所述离合轨道移动，所述离合轨道上设有至少一接合点以及分离段；
其中，所述离合销在所述至少一接合点处连接所述第一转筒与所述第二转筒，以使所述第二离合件可驱动所述第一离合件绕所述轴线转动；所述离合销在所述分离段分离所述第一转筒与所述第二转筒，以使所述第一离合件可独立于所述第二离合件绕所述轴线转动。
在其中一实施例中，所述至少一接合点包括第一接合点和第二接合点，所述分离段设置于所述第一接合点与所述第二接合点之间；其中：
当所述离合销位于所述第一接合点时，所述离合销连接所述第一转筒与所述第二转筒，且使所述第一转筒随同所述第二转筒绕所述轴线向第一方向转动；
当所述离合销位于所述第二接合点时，所述离合销连接所述第一转筒与所述第二转筒，且使所述第一转筒随同所述第二转筒绕所述轴线向与所述第一方向相反的第二方向转动。
在其中一实施例中，所述离合销上设有凸伸入所述离合轨道中的至少一凸起；
所述第一转筒或所述第二转筒在所述第一接合点处设有第一限位凸台，所述第一转筒或所述第二转筒在所述第二接合点处设有第二限位凸台；或者，所述离合轨道在所述第一接合点处设有第一限位凸台，所述离合轨道在所述第二接合点处设有第二限位凸台；
所述至少一凸起选择性地与所述第一限位凸台或所述第一止挡部抵接、位于所述分离段、或者与所述第二限位凸台或所述第二止挡部抵接。
在其中一实施例中，所述离合轨道呈绕所述轴线设置的螺旋线，所述第一接合点、所述第二接合点分别设置在所述螺旋线的末端。
在其中一实施例中，所述第一转筒或所述第二转筒在平行于所述轴线方向上开设有离合销槽，所述离合销可沿所述离合销槽在平行于所述轴线方向移动地安装在所述离合销槽内；所述离合销在所述离合销槽内的可移动长度不小于所述第一接合点与所述第二接合点之间在所述轴线方向的距离。
在其中一实施例中，所述第一转筒或所述第二转筒在平行于所述轴线方向上开有离合轨道槽，所述离合轨道可沿所述离合轨道槽在平行于所述轴线方向移动地安装在所述离合轨道槽内，所述离合轨道在所述离合轨道槽内的可移动长度不小于所述第一接合点与所述第二接合点之间在所述轴线方向的距离。
在其中一实施例中，所述离合销上设置一个或一个以上在所述轴线方向上以所述螺旋线的导程为间隔的凸起，所述离合轨道的螺旋线圈数Q与所述第一离合件绕所述轴线的开锁/闭锁旋转圈数W、所述凸起的数量T之间满足：W＝Q-T+1。
在其中一实施例中，所述离合轨道采用螺旋弹簧形成，所述螺旋弹簧在平行于所述轴线方向上相邻的弹簧丝之间的间隙提供所述凸起的容置空间。
在其中一实施例中，所述螺旋弹簧的两端向外或向内弯折，以伸入所述第二转筒的内壁或所述第一转筒的外壁上将所述螺旋弹簧安装至所述第二转筒或所述第一转筒上。
在其中一实施例中，所述第二转筒包括在所述轴线方向上拼合的第一筒体与第二筒体，所述第一筒体的侧壁上分别开设有第一端安装槽、第二端安装槽，所述第二筒体上凸伸出第一端卡块、第二端卡块，所述第一端卡块、所述第二端卡块分别沿所述轴线方向卡入所述第一端安装槽、所述第二端安装槽中，所述螺旋弹簧的第一端伸入所述第一端安装槽内并由所述第一端卡块卡住，所述螺旋弹簧的第二端伸入所述第二端安装槽并由所述第二端卡块卡住。第三方面，本申请实施例还提供一种电子锁，包括：
如前文所述的离合组件；及
壳体，所述离合组件设置在所述壳体内；
其中，所述第一离合件在所述轴线上的两端分别在所述壳体上暴露，使得可从所述壳体外部拧动所述第一离合件绕所述轴线转动并可与钥匙、旋钮、尾杆中的一者连接。
本申请实施例提供的离合机构及电子锁至少具有以下有益效果：本申请的离合机构、离合组件及电子锁，采用离合销与离合轨道的离合机构实现支持第二离合件驱动旋转的同时支持第一离合件旋转时无来自第二离合件的阻力，无需额外的电动离合器或者手动按压离合，以纯机械结构实现离合切换，可以节省一套电动离合模块，且机械结构更稳定可靠、功耗更低；离合轨道通过设置分离段的圈数能够兼容小于一圈、一圈及多圈旋转的开闭锁方案，解决了多圈旋转开闭锁方案中的需设置额外的离合器的问题。
图1为本申请实施例的离合组件的立体结构示意图；
图2为图1中的离合组件的分解结构示意图；
图3为图1中的离合组件另一角度的分解结构示意图；
图4为图1中的离合组件另一角度的分解结构示意图；
图5为图4的另一角度的示意图；
图6为图5中的离合组件去掉传动齿轮和电机后的进一步分解结构示意图；
图7为图6的另一角度的结构示意图；
图8为图5进行部分组装后的立体结构示意图；
图9为图8另一角度的立体结构示意图；
图10为本申请另一实施例的离合机构的立体结构示意图；
图11为本申请再一实施例的离合机构的立体结构示意图；
图12为本申请又一实施例的电子锁的立体结构示意图；
图13为图11中的电子锁另一角度的立体结构示意图；
图14为图11中的电子锁的分解结构示意图；
图15为图12中的电子锁的分解结构示意图。
图中各元件标号如下：
手动开锁机构10(其中，第一转筒11、手动旋钮12、转轴13；离合销槽111、连接头112；旋钮121、连接口122、离合销槽限位块123；钥匙槽131)；
电动驱动机构20(其中，第二转筒21、传动机构22、电机23；第一筒体211、第二筒体212、第一限位凸台213、第二限位凸台214；第一端安装槽2111、第二端安装槽2112；第一端卡块2121、第二端卡块2122；齿圈221、传动齿轮222)；
离合机构30(其中，离合销31、离合轨道32；凸起311、杆部312；第一限位凸台、第二限位凸台；第一接合点321、分离段322、第二接合点323、第一端324、第二端325、第一止挡部326、第二止挡部327)；
壳体40(其中，前壳41、内支撑件42、后支撑件43、底板44)；
电路板60、电池盒70；
电子锁100。
以下结合说明书附图及具体实施例对本申请技术方案做进一步的详细阐述。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术 语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请的实现方式。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
请结合参阅图1至图2，其为本申请实施例提供的离合组件包括手动开锁机构10、电动驱动机构20及离合机构30，手动开锁机构10可绕轴线(如图中点划线所示)转动地设置在作为第二离合件的电动驱动机构20中，离合机构30设置在作为第一离合件的手动开锁机构10、作为第二离合件的电动驱动机构20之间，离合机构30实现电动驱动机构20(第二离合件)与手动开锁机构10(第一离合件)之间接合或分离。
在接合状态下，离合机构30连接电动驱动机构20与手动开锁机构10，使电动驱动机构20通过离合机构30驱动手动开锁机构10绕轴线转动，从而实现电动开锁和/或闭锁；在分离状态下，离合机构30分离电动驱动机构20与手动开锁机构10，使手动开锁机构10可独立于电动驱动机构20绕轴线转动，从而实现手动开锁和/或闭锁。
请结合参阅图3和图4，手动开锁机构10包括绕轴线设置的第一转筒11、手动旋钮12及转轴13。其中，手动旋钮12连接于第一转筒11的一端，手动旋钮12提供手动旋转的握持部；转轴13自第一转筒11的另一端沿轴线方向伸出，用于与钥匙或尾杆连接。
电动驱动机构20包括第二转筒21、传动机构22及电机23，第二转筒21绕轴线设置在第一转筒11外，传动机构22连接第二转筒21与电机23，将电机23的输出动力传递至第二转筒21。
离合机构30包括离合销31及离合轨道32，离合销31与离合轨道32配合，离合销31可相对离合轨道32沿离合轨道32移动。在图示实施例中，离合销31安装于第一转筒11，离合轨道32设置或安装于第二转筒21。
请结合参阅图5、图6和图7，第一转筒11的侧壁上开设有离合销槽111，离合销槽111的长度方向平行于轴线，离合销槽111用于安装离合销31并提供离合销31沿离合销槽111的长度方向移动的空间。第一转筒11内朝向手动旋 钮12的一端设有连接头112，用于将手动旋钮12与第一转筒11进行连接，从而使可通过手动旋钮12绕轴线转动第一转筒11。
手动旋钮12远离第一转筒11的一端设有旋钮121，旋钮121呈垂直于轴线的一字型凸起，提供手动握持部分，方便绕轴线拧动手动旋钮12。手动旋钮12朝向第一转筒11的一端设有连接口122，连接口122与连接头112的形状相匹配，从而连接头112可沿轴线方向插入连接口122形成连接，使得通过拧动旋钮121可转第一转筒12。手动旋钮12朝向第一转筒11的一端沿平行于轴线方向凸伸出离合销槽限位块123，离合销槽限位块123的位置与第一转筒11上离合销槽111相对应，从而，在手动旋钮12与第一转筒11沿轴线方向连接时，离合销槽限位块123伸入离合销槽111中将离合销31限制在离合销槽111内并约束离合销31在离合销槽111内沿长度方向的移动范围。
转轴13从第一转筒11上远离手动旋钮12的一端沿轴线方向伸出，用于与钥匙或尾杆的末端连接。转轴13上开设钥匙孔131，钥匙或尾杆的端部可伸入钥匙孔131中形成连接，从而转轴13的转动带动钥匙或尾杆转动。
手动开锁机构10可通过拧动手动旋钮12，使与手动旋钮12连接的第一转筒11及转轴13一同绕轴线转动。在转轴13绕轴线转动的同时，连接在转轴13上的钥匙或尾杆随之转动，从而可实现手动开锁或闭锁。
请结合参阅图5、图6和图7，第二转筒21由第一筒体211与第二筒体212在轴线方向上拼合而成，以便于将离合轨道32安装到第二转筒21的内壁上。具体地，第一筒体211的侧壁上分别开设有第一端安装槽2111、第二端安装槽2112；对应地，第二筒体212上凸伸出第一端卡块2121、第二端卡块2122，第一端卡块2121、第二端卡块2122分别沿轴线方向卡入第一端安装槽2111、第二端安装槽2112中，从而实现将离合轨道32的两端固定在内。更具体地，第一端安装槽2111、第二端安装槽2112呈开口朝向第一端卡块2121、第二端卡块2122的V形，对应地，第一端卡块2121、第二端卡块2122呈形状相应的V形，便于第一端卡块2121、第二端卡块2122进入第一端安装槽2111、第二端安装槽2112内并进行限位。
请结合参阅图3、图4和图5，传动机构22包括齿圈221及传动齿轮222，其中，齿圈221设置在第二筒体212的外壁上，传动齿轮222在与齿圈221啮合的同时也与电机23的动力输出轴啮合(齿轮啮合)或连接(联轴器等)。在图示实施例中，为减小离合组件在轴线方向的厚度，电机23的动力输出轴垂直于轴线方向设置，故而，传动齿轮222一端与齿圈221啮合，另一端通过伞齿轮与电机23的动力输出轴啮合。
电动驱动机构20可通过电机23经过齿轮减速箱减速后速度降低的同时扭矩增大，通过减速箱的输出齿轮传动齿轮222与齿圈221啮合，将动力传递至第二转筒21；再通过第二转筒21与第一转筒11之间的离合关系，可使第一转筒11及转轴13一同绕轴线转动。在转轴13绕轴线转动的同时，连接在转轴13上的钥匙或尾杆随之转动，从而可实现开锁或闭锁。
请继续参阅图5、图6和图7，离合销31包括凸起311及杆部312，杆部312沿轴线方向设置，凸起311自杆部312沿垂直于杆部312的方向向离合轨道32凸伸而出。凸起311伸入离合轨道32中并可沿离合轨道32移动；杆部312置于离合销槽111内，引导离合销31沿离合销槽111的长度方向移动。
离合轨道32上具有第一接合点321、分离段322及第二接合点323，第一接合点321和第二接合点322分别设置在分离段322的两端。即，离合销31上的凸起311可在离合轨道32内自第一接合点321沿分离段322移动至第二接合点323；凸起311可在离合轨道32内自第二接合点323沿分离段322移动至第一接合点321。离合销31在离合销槽111内的可移动长度不小于第一接合点321与第二接合点323之间在轴线方向上的距离。
在图示实施例中，离合轨道32呈绕轴线设置的圆柱螺旋线，第一接合点321、第二接合323点分别位于圆柱螺旋线的末端。
在图示实施例中，离合轨道32采用螺旋弹簧形成，螺旋弹簧在平行于轴线方向上相邻的弹簧丝之间的间隙提供离合销31的凸起311的容置空间。螺旋弹簧的两端——第一端324、第二端325向外弯折，从而第一端324可伸入第一端安装槽2111内并由第一端卡块2121卡住，第二端325可伸入第二端安装槽2112并由第二端卡块2122卡住，如此将离合轨道32安装至第二转筒21的内侧上。
请结合参阅图8和图9，第二转筒21内还设有第一限位凸台213、第二限位凸台214，第一限位凸台213位于离合轨道32的第一接合点321的一侧，第二限位凸台214位于离合轨道32的第二结合点322的一侧，第一限位凸台213、第二限位凸台214将离合销31的凸起311限制在离合轨道32内。
当离合销31的凸起311相对沿离合轨道32从分离段322移动至第一接合点321时，凸起311相对离合轨道32在绕轴线的第一方向上限位，凸起311被第一限位凸台213止挡被保持在第一接合点321，并且使离合销31和离合轨道32在凸起311与第一限位凸台213的抵接作用下可一同绕轴线向第一方向(图8中箭头所示方向)转动。
当离合销31的凸起311相对离合轨道32从分离段322移动至第二接合点323时，凸起311相对离合轨道32在绕轴线的第二方向上限位，凸起311被第二限位凸台214止挡被保持在第二接合点323，并且使离合销31和离合轨道32在凸起311与第二限位凸台214的抵接作用下可一同绕轴线向与第一方向相反的第二方向(图9中箭头所示方向)转动。
在图示实施例中，离合销31设置在第一转筒11上，与手动开锁机构10一同形成内层旋转组；离合轨道32设置在第二转筒21上，与电动驱动机构20的第二转筒21上一同形成外层旋转组；外层旋转组与内层旋转组通过离合销31与离合轨道32配合，做绕轴线的圆柱螺旋线运动。内层旋转组相对外层旋转组绕轴线旋转时，离合销31也随之运动，离合销31的杆部在离合销槽111中运动，离合销31的凸起311在离合轨道32中运动，从而实现沿第二方向从 第一接合点321经过分离段322至第二接合点323，或者沿第一方向从第二接合点323经过分离段322至第一接合点321。
请参阅图10，本申请另一实施例中，离合机构30的离合销31上可设置两个在轴线方向上间隔设置的凸起311，两个凸起311之间的间距与离合轨道32的圆柱螺旋线的导程相等，从而两个凸起311分别置于离合轨道32轴向相邻轨道内。对应地，每一凸起311在离合轨道32上均具有一个对应的第一接合点321和第二接合点323。两个凸起311的第一接合点321在轴线方向上相邻，两个凸起对应的第二接合点323在轴线方向上相邻，在离合销31沿离合轨道32绕轴线移动的过程中两个凸起311的轨迹同步，即，两个凸起311同时达到对应的第一接合点321、对应的第二接合点323，并且同时进入分离段322上对应的位置。
可以理解地，在其它实施例中，离合机构的离合销上凸起数量还可设为多于两个，在此不再赘述。
请参阅图11，本申请又一实施例中，离合机构30的离合销31可安装在电动驱动机构20的第二转筒21(图未示)上，对应地，离合轨道32安装在手动开锁机构10的第一转筒11(图未示)上。即，离合销31安装在第二转筒21内壁上，离合销31的凸起311朝向第一转筒11的外壁；离合轨道32直接开设或安装在第一转筒11的外壁上。
在图示实施例中，为了方便作为离合轨道32的螺旋弹簧的安装，离合轨道32的第一端324、第二端325向内弯折，从而第一端324、第二端325可伸入第一转筒11中，如此将离合轨道32安装至第一转筒11的外壁上。离合轨道32在所述第一接合点321处弯折形成第一止挡部326，用于约束离合销31的凸起311在第一接合点321处并连接第一转筒11与第二转筒21(作用相当于第一限位凸台)；离合轨道32在第二接合点323处弯折形成第二止挡部327，用于约束离合销31的凸起311在第二接合点323处并连接第一转筒11与第二转筒21(作用相当于第二限位凸台)。
此外，第一转筒11在平行于轴线方向上开有两个分别对应第一端324、第二端325的离合轨道槽(图未示)。离合轨道32的第一端324、第二端325分别安装在对应的离合轨道槽内，并在沿离合轨道槽在平行于轴线方向移动。离合轨道32在离合轨道槽内的可移动长度不小于第一接合点321与第二接合点323之间在轴线方向的距离。
在图示实施例中，离合销31设置在第二转筒21上，与电动驱动机构20的第二转筒21上一同形成外层旋转组；离合轨道32设置在第一转筒11上，与手动开锁机构10一同形成内层旋转组；外层旋转组与内层旋转组通过离合销31与离合轨道32配合，做绕轴线的圆柱螺旋线运动。内层旋转组相对外层旋转组绕轴线旋转时，离合轨道32也随之运动，离合销31的凸起311在离合轨道32中运动，推动离合轨道32在离合轨道槽中移动，从而实现沿第二方向从第一接合点321经过分离段322至第二接合点323，或者沿第一方向从第二接 合点323经过分离段322至第一接合点321。
通常，钥匙开门有需要旋转小于一圈(<360°，例如90°或180°)开关门的，有需要旋转多圈(＞360°，例如旋转2圈)开关门的不同情况。针对支持多圈旋转开门的电子锁，需要设置额外的电子离合器来支持，存在成本高占用体积大、故障率高的问题。
本申请的离合机构可实现无需额外的电子离合器支持多圈旋转开锁。当离合销31上的凸起311的数量T一定时(T为大于等于1的整数)，则可根据手动开锁机构10所需的绕轴线的开锁/闭锁旋转圈数W，来设计离合轨道32的圆柱螺旋线圈数Q。具体地，开锁/闭锁旋转圈数W与圆柱螺旋线圈数Q满足以下等式：
W＝Q-T+1。
开锁/闭锁旋转圈数W与离合轨道32的分离段322的圈数相等。
当离合销31上设有一个凸起311时，即T＝1时，离合轨道32的圆柱螺旋线圈数Q与手动开锁机构10的开锁/闭锁旋转圈数W相等。当离合销31上每增加一个相邻的凸起311时，离合轨道32的圆柱螺旋线圈数Q相较于手动开锁机构10的开锁/闭锁旋转圈数W增加一圈。
上述离合机构30可通过控制离合轨道32的圆柱螺旋线圈数Q，如0.25圈、0.5圈、1圈、2圈等，实现内层旋转组可以旋转W圈后再与外层旋转组连接一起形成整体，做同步旋转动作。反之亦然，即外层旋转组可以旋转W圈后再与内圈旋转组连接一起形成整体，做同步旋转动作。内层旋转组与外层旋转组的同步运动或者先后运动，即构成离合关系。
手动开锁机构10可以是多个零件拆件而成，也可以采用其它形态。
同样地，电动驱动机构20的第二转筒21可以是多个零件拆分组成，也可是一次成型或者加工而成，还可以带有齿轮组等其它组件。
离合销31也可以是其它形态，如条状、弯曲状、轴等。
离合轨道32可以是其它形式的轨道，只要满足支持离合销31的凸起311能在其中滑动。离合轨道32也可以不是固定的、可以浮动的状态，或者其它结构的头尾和螺旋形式。
请结合参阅图12和图13，本申请的实施例还提供一种电子锁100，该电子锁100能够套接在已有门锁的钥匙或者旋钮或者尾杆上，实现自动开关锁，在无需将已有的门锁完全拆卸下来的前提下完成从机械门锁到电子门锁的改装。电子锁100包括前文所述的电子锁组件外，还包括壳体40、内部支撑部分、电控部分及电源部分，内部支撑部分用于安装固定电子锁组件，电控部分用于实现对电动驱动机构20的控制，电源部分用于为电动驱动机构20及电控部分供电，电子锁组件、内部支撑部分、电控部分及电源部分一同封装在壳体40中。
请结合参阅图14和图15，图示实施例中，壳体40包括前壳41、内支撑件42、后支撑件43及底板44，后支撑件43和底板44分别从后方及下方与前壳 41连接并形成安装腔体，从而将电子锁组件安装在内。手动开锁机构10的手动旋钮12从前壳41的前端面板上暴露，使得可从前壳41外触及并拧动旋钮121绕轴线转动。转轴13的钥匙槽131从后支撑件43上暴露，使得钥匙槽131可在轴线方向上与钥匙、旋钮、尾杆连接，从而带动钥匙、旋钮、尾杆一同绕转轴线转动。
电子锁组件安装在内支撑件42上，且沿轴线的前、后方向上分别设有前壳41、内支撑件42、后支撑件43。前壳41与后支撑件43连接并将内支撑件42限制在其间。前壳41从前方及侧向将内支撑件42罩住，背板42从后方将内支撑件42遮挡。
壳体40内部还设有电路板60及电池盒70，电路板64与电机23及电池盒70电连接，从而实现对电机23的控制。电池盒70可更换地安装有干电池、锂电池。在其它实施例中，电子锁100也可采用外接电源，或者自发电等方式供应的电源。
上述电子锁100的手动开锁闭锁原理如下：通过旋钮121拧动手动开锁机构10旋转，离合销31的凸起311进入离合轨道32的分离段322，手动开锁机构10与电动驱动机构20分离，手动开锁机构10独立转动并通过钥匙槽131带动钥匙、旋钮、尾杆旋转。由于分离段322的圆柱螺旋线圈数与手动开锁机构10开闭锁所需的旋转圈数相等，因此，第一转筒11旋转一定圈数(上述开锁/闭锁旋转圈数W)后，通过手动开锁机构10实现手动开锁、闭锁动作。
上述电子锁100的电动开锁闭锁原理如下：电机23通过齿轮减速箱减速，速度降低的同时扭矩增大，减速箱输出齿轮(传动齿轮222)连接齿圈221，带动第二转筒21旋转。第二转筒21旋转一定圈数(上述开锁/闭锁旋转圈数W)后，离合销31的凸起311进入离合轨道32的第一接合点321或第二接合点323，手动开锁机构10与电动驱动机构20结合。第二转筒21带动手动开锁机构10旋转，并通过钥匙槽131带动钥匙、旋钮、尾杆旋转实现电动开锁、闭锁动作。
本申请的离合机构、电子锁组件及电子锁，能够兼容多圈(有限圈)旋转的开闭锁方案，支持电机驱动旋钮旋转的同时支持手动旋转旋钮(无电机阻力)，无需额外的电动离合器或者手动按压离合，以纯机械结构实现离合切换，可以节省一套电动离合模块；另外，机械结构更稳定可靠、功耗更低。
需要说明的是，在本文中，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者装置所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括该要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围之内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围 应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (14)
- 一种离合机构，其特征在于，包括：离合销，设置于第一离合件或第二离合件其中之一上；以及离合轨道，绕轴线设置于第一离合件或第二离合件其中另一上，所述离合轨道上具有至少一接合点以及分离段；其中，所述离合销与所述离合轨道配合并可相对沿所述离合轨道移动至所述至少一接合点以及所述分离段；所述离合销在所述至少一接合点处时连接第二离合件与第一离合件，以使第二离合件驱动第一离合件绕所述轴线转动；所述离合销在所述分离段时第二离合件与第一离合件分离。
- 如权利要求1所述的离合机构，其特征在于，所述至少一接合点包括分别设置在所述分离段两端的第一接合点和第二接合点；当所述离合销相对沿所述离合轨道从所述分离段移动至所述第一接合点时，所述离合销相对所述离合轨道在绕所述轴线的第一方向上限位，以使所述离合销和所述离合轨道可一同绕所述轴线向所述第一方向转动；当所述离合销相对所述离合轨道从所述分离段移动至所述第二接合点时，所述离合销相对所述离合轨道在绕所述轴线的第二方向上限位，以使所述离合销和所述离合轨道可一同绕所述轴线向所述第二方向转动，所述第一方向与所述第二方向相反。
- 如权利要求1所述的离合机构，其特征在于，所述离合轨道呈绕所述轴线设置的螺旋线，所述第一接合点、所述第二接合点分别位于所述螺旋线的末端。
- 一种离合组件，其特征在于，包括：第一离合件，定义一轴线，包括绕所述轴线设置的第一转筒；第二离合件，包括与所述第一转筒在所述轴线上同轴设置的第二 转筒；以及离合机构，包括离合销及离合轨道，所述离合销设置在所述第一转筒与所述第二转筒其中之一上，所述离合轨道绕所述轴线设置在所述第一转筒与所述第二转筒其中另一上，所述离合销与所述离合轨道配合并可相对沿所述离合轨道移动，所述离合轨道上设有至少一接合点以及分离段；其中，所述离合销在所述至少一接合点处连接所述第一转筒与所述第二转筒，以使所述第二离合件可驱动所述第一离合件绕所述轴线转动；所述离合销在所述分离段分离所述第一转筒与所述第二转筒，以使所述第一离合件可独立于所述第二离合件绕所述轴线转动。
- 如权利要求4所述的离合组件，其特征在于，所述至少一接合点包括第一接合点和第二接合点，所述分离段设置于所述第一接合点与所述第二接合点之间；其中：当所述离合销位于所述第一接合点时，所述离合销连接所述第一转筒与所述第二转筒，且使所述第一转筒随同所述第二转筒绕所述轴线向第一方向转动；当所述离合销位于所述第二接合点时，所述离合销连接所述第一转筒与所述第二转筒，且使所述第一转筒随同所述第二转筒绕所述轴线向与所述第一方向相反的第二方向转动。
- 如权利要求5所述的离合组件，其特征在于，所述离合销上设有凸伸入所述离合轨道中的至少一凸起；所述第一转筒或所述第二转筒在所述第一接合点处设有第一限位凸台，所述第一转筒或所述第二转筒在所述第二接合点处设有第二限位凸台；或者，所述离合轨道在所述第一接合点处设有第一止挡部，所述离合轨道在所述第二接合点处设有第二止挡部；所述至少一凸起选择性地与所述第一限位凸台或所述第一止挡 部抵接、位于所述分离段、或者与所述第二限位凸台或第二止挡部抵接。
- 如权利要求5所述的离合组件，其特征在于，所述离合轨道呈绕所述轴线设置的螺旋线，所述第一接合点、所述第二接合点分别设置在所述螺旋线的末端。
- 如权利要求7所述的离合组件，其特征在于，所述第一转筒或所述第二转筒在平行于所述轴线方向上开设有离合销槽，所述离合销可沿所述离合销槽在平行于所述轴线方向移动地安装在所述离合销槽内；所述离合销在所述离合销槽内的可移动长度不小于所述第一接合点与所述第二接合点之间在所述轴线方向的距离。
- 如权利要求7所述的离合组件，其特征在于，所述第一转筒或所述第二转筒在平行于所述轴线方向上开有离合轨道槽，所述离合轨道可沿所述离合轨道槽在平行于所述轴线方向移动地安装在所述离合轨道槽内，所述离合轨道在所述离合轨道槽内的可移动长度不小于所述第一接合点与所述第二接合点之间在所述轴线方向的距离。
- 如权利要求7所述的离合组件，其特征在于，所述离合销上设置一个或一个以上在所述轴线方向上以所述螺旋线的导程为间隔的凸起，所述离合轨道的螺旋线圈数Q与所述手动开锁机构绕所述轴线的开锁/闭锁旋转圈数W、所述凸起的数量T之间满足：W＝Q-T+1。
- 如权利要求6所述的离合组件，其特征在于，所述离合轨道采用螺旋弹簧形成，所述螺旋弹簧在平行于所述轴线方向上相邻的弹簧丝之间的间隙提供所述凸起的容置空间。
- 如权利要求11所述的离合组件，其特征在于，所述螺旋弹簧的两端向外或向内弯折，以伸入所述第二转筒的内壁或所述第一转筒的外壁上将所述螺旋弹簧安装至所述第二转筒或所述第一转筒上。
- 如权利要求12所述的离合组件，其特征在于，所述第二转 筒包括在所述轴线方向上拼合的第一筒体与第二筒体，所述第一筒体的侧壁上分别开设有第一端安装槽、第二端安装槽，所述第二筒体上凸伸出第一端卡块、第二端卡块，所述第一端卡块、所述第二端卡块分别沿所述轴线方向卡入所述第一端安装槽、所述第二端安装槽中，所述螺旋弹簧的第一端伸入所述第一端安装槽内并由所述第一端卡块卡住，所述螺旋弹簧的第二端伸入所述第二端安装槽并由所述第二端卡块卡住。
- 一种电子锁，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求4至13中任一项所述的离合组件；及壳体，所述离合组件设置在所述壳体内；其中，所述第一离合件在所述轴线上的两端分别在所述壳体上暴露，使得可从所述壳体外部拧动所述第一离合件绕所述轴线转动并与钥匙、旋钮、尾杆中的一者连接。
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| CN108360923A (zh) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-08-03 | 南京东屋电气有限公司 | 用于电子锁的离合装置及电子锁 |
| CN108868324A (zh) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-23 | 广州征安电子科技有限公司 | 离合执行机构、锁具及离合方法 |
| CN113605786A (zh) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-11-05 | 广东合和建筑五金制品有限公司 | 一种智能门锁执手离合器 |
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| JP2001140512A (ja) * | 1999-11-11 | 2001-05-22 | Hidenobu Agawa | シリンダー錠保護機構 |
| EP2927395A1 (de) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-07 | DOM Sicherheitstechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Kupplungsanordnung für einen Schließzylinder mit Doppeldruckfeder |
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