WO2023227091A1 - 吊机的卷扬装置、吊机、吊机的控制方法和海上平台 - Google Patents

吊机的卷扬装置、吊机、吊机的控制方法和海上平台 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023227091A1
WO2023227091A1 PCT/CN2023/096443 CN2023096443W WO2023227091A1 WO 2023227091 A1 WO2023227091 A1 WO 2023227091A1 CN 2023096443 W CN2023096443 W CN 2023096443W WO 2023227091 A1 WO2023227091 A1 WO 2023227091A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
limiting
turntable
crane
boom
arm
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/096443
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余铁辉
张庆伟
于文涛
郗剑波
李强
张博
张立坤
Original Assignee
中际联合（北京）科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202221328966.4U external-priority patent/CN217676473U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202210594905.0A external-priority patent/CN114940444A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202221345173.3U external-priority patent/CN217458588U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202210600269.8A external-priority patent/CN114852884A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202221314920.7U external-priority patent/CN217676547U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202211714738.5A external-priority patent/CN115872299A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202223548115.3U external-priority patent/CN218968712U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202223534703.1U external-priority patent/CN218968724U/zh
Application filed by 中际联合（北京）科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 中际联合（北京）科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023227091A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023227091A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/06—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with jibs mounted for jibbing or luffing movements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/02—Driving gear
    • B66D1/12—Driving gear incorporating electric motors

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of operating machinery, and in particular to a hoisting device of a crane, a crane, a control method of the crane and an offshore platform.
  • This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a hoisting device for a crane. Through the cooperative structure of the centrifugal speed limiter and the limiter, the material can land safely and smoothly when encountering an emergency.
  • This application also proposes a crane.
  • This application also proposes a method for controlling a crane.
  • This application also proposes an offshore platform.
  • a limiter which is movable relative to the centrifugal speed limiter to switch between a limit state and an idle state; in the limit state, the limiter is in contact with the centrifugal speed limiter Cooperating with each other, the drive motor drives the drum to rotate; in the idle state, the stopper disengages from the centrifugal speed limiter, and then releases the brake, allowing the material to move under its own gravity. Descending movement.
  • the material can land safely and smoothly when encountering an emergency. For example, when the material is lifted in mid-air and a power outage suddenly occurs Or when the crane fails, the material can continue to fall by closing the brake, and the restriction on the throwing block is released by moving the limiter, so that when the falling speed of the material is too high, it can be slowed down by the centrifugal speed limiter, so that the material can be Controlled speed descent to platform or transport vessel.
  • the material can land normally in an emergency, avoiding the danger factors caused by the material hovering in the air for a long time.
  • the falling speed of the material is within a controllable range, thus avoiding the risk of the material falling too fast. It will cause other dangers quickly and improve the emergency handling performance and safety performance of the device.
  • the hoisting device as described in the first embodiment of the present application is installed on the boom, wherein when the falling speed of the material reaches a set speed, the centrifugal speed limiter controls the deceleration of the drum.
  • the crane control method based on the above-mentioned second embodiment includes:
  • the limiting member is controlled to switch to the idle state so that the limiting part is separated from the mating part.
  • the step of controlling the limiter to switch to the idle state pulling the brake handle in a direction away from the centrifugal speed limiter to drive the pull rod to move and drive the limiter The piece slides away from the centrifugal speed limiter.
  • the crane is installed on the platform body.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hoisting device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the limiting member provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is the second structural schematic diagram of the limiting member provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a centrifugal speed limiter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a crane provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the crane provided by the embodiment of the present application in the non-working state of the boom;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the crane provided by the embodiment of the present application in the working state of the boom;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the crane provided by the embodiment of the present application in the non-working state of the turntable
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the crane provided by the embodiment of the present application in the working state of the turntable
  • Figure 11 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the crane provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless remote control provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a partial structural perspective view of the crane provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection between the boom and the turntable provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a partial enlarged view of B in Figure 14;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the steps of the crane control method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the hoisting device of the crane according to the first aspect of the present application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. For convenience of description, it is hereinafter referred to as the hoisting device.
  • the hoisting device 07 includes a power component, a drum 21, a centrifugal speed limiter 3 and a limiter 4.
  • Power components include a drive motor 11 and a brake 12 .
  • the drive motor 11 and the brake 12 are connected to each other, and , the power component can use a common brake motor with braking function on the market.
  • the brake 12 can brake the drive motor 11 .
  • the driving end 111 of the driving motor 11 is transmission connected with the rotating shaft 22 of the drum 21, and the driving motor 11 can drive the drum 21 to rotate to realize the hoisting function.
  • the centrifugal speed limiter 3 includes a drive shaft 31, a throw block 32 and a speed limiter (such as the installation shell 5 below).
  • the drive shaft 31 is drivingly connected to the rotating shaft 22 of the drum 21.
  • the centrifugal speed limiter 3 is suitable for throwing out The friction between the throwing block 32 and the speed limiting member limits the rotation speed of the drum 21.
  • the limiter 4 is movable relative to the centrifugal speed limiter 3 to switch between the limit state and the idle state; in the limit state, the limiter 4 cooperates with the throw block 32 of the centrifugal speed limiter 3 to limit the throw.
  • the block 32 is thrown out; in the idle state, the limiting member 4 disengages from the throw block 32 of the centrifugal speed limiter 3 to release the restriction on the throw block 32.
  • the brake 12 of the hoisting device 07 of the present application is not limited to being installed on the driving motor 11.
  • the brake 12 can also be installed on the rotating shaft 22, or the brake can also be installed This application does not impose special restrictions on other positions that can limit the rotation of the drum 21 , as long as the brake 12 can brake the power provided by the drive motor 11 .
  • the limiter 4 When the crane is in normal working condition, the limiter 4 cooperates with the throw block 32 of the centrifugal speed limiter 3, and the limiter 4 limits the throw of the throw block 32 to close the speed limiting function of the centrifugal speed limiter 3.
  • the drive motor 11 can normally drive the drum 21 to rotate, and control the retraction and release of the hanging rope 04 on the drum 21 to realize the rise and fall of the material.
  • the operator controls the limiter 4 relative to The centrifugal speed limiter 3 moves so that the limiter 4 disengages from the throw block 32 of the centrifugal speed limiter 3.
  • the limiter 4 releases the limit on the throw block 32, and then releases the brake 12 to brake the drive motor 11.
  • the material moves downward.
  • the material drives the drum 21 to rotate through the hanging rope 04.
  • the drum 21 drives the centrifugal speed limiter 3 to rotate through the rotating shaft 22.
  • the throwing block 32 of the centrifugal speed limiter 3 When the falling speed of the material reaches When setting the speed, the throwing block 32 of the centrifugal speed limiter 3 is thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and the throwing block 32 contacts the speed limiting member and causes friction. Under the action of frictional resistance between the throwing block 32 and the speed limiting member, the speed of the drum 21 decreases, thereby achieving a smooth descent of the material.
  • the limiter 4 When the material descends and lands smoothly on the platform or transport ship, the limiter 4 can be switched to the limit state through elastic reset, automatic control or manual control. At this time, the limiter 4 and the throwing block 32 of the centrifugal speed limiter 3 Cooperating with each other, the limiter 4 limits the throw-out of the throwing block 32 to close the speed limiting function of the centrifugal speed limiter 3, thereby The centrifugal speed limiter 3 will not be opened during normal operation of the crane, so that the crane will not be affected by the speed limit caused by the centrifugal speed limiter 3 being opened.
  • the material can land safely and smoothly when encountering an emergency. For example, when the material is lifted to When a sudden power outage or crane failure occurs in mid-air, the material can continue to fall by closing the brake 12, and releasing the restriction on the throwing block 32 by moving the limiter 4, so that the material can pass through the centrifuge when the falling speed reaches the set value.
  • the speed limiter 3 realizes speed control, so that the material can be dropped to the platform or transport ship at a controllable speed.
  • the material can land normally in an emergency, avoiding the danger factors caused by the material hovering in the air for a long time.
  • the falling speed of the material is within a controllable range, thus avoiding the risk of the material falling too fast. It will cause other dangers quickly and improve the emergency handling performance and safety performance of the device.
  • the crane according to the embodiment of the present application includes a boom 01 and a hoisting device 07.
  • the structure and working principle of the hoisting device 07 are as mentioned above and will not be described again here.
  • the crane also includes a turntable 02.
  • the turntable 02 is provided with a positioning hole 021, and a first positioning hole is detachably inserted in the positioning hole 021.
  • the boom 01 is provided with matching parts (such as matching holes 011), the turntable 02 and the boom 01 are rotatably connected through the hoisting device 07, and the first positioning part 023 is suitable for passing through the positioning holes. 021 and cooperates with the fitting piece to limit the rotation of the arm 01.
  • the boom 01 is rotatable relative to the turntable 02, so that the height of the boom 01 can be adjusted. In this way, when the maintenance personnel need to lower the boom 01 for maintenance, the maintenance personnel can pull out the first positioning member 023 from the positioning hole 021, so that the height of the boom 01 can be lowered, and no assistance is needed during the maintenance process. equipment, saves maintenance time, improves work efficiency, and avoids safety risks to personnel during the maintenance process.
  • the first positioning member 023 can fix the boom 01 when the boom 01 lifts and lowers materials, ensuring a stable installation between the boom 01 and the turntable 02. When the boom 01 needs maintenance, it can also be disassembled.
  • the first positioning member 023 reduces the height of the boom 01, thereby facilitating manual maintenance of the boom 01.
  • the crane further includes a mounting base 03, the boom 01 is mounted on the turntable 02, the turntable 02 is rotatably mounted on the mounting base 03, the mounting base 03 is installed on the platform of the offshore platform, and the hoisting device 07 Installed between arm 01 and turntable 02.
  • the drum 21 is wound with a hanging rope 04.
  • the hanging rope 04 extends along the boom 01 to the end of the boom 01 and is connected to the hook 06.
  • the power component can be a brake motor.
  • the brake motor includes a drive motor 11 that implements the driving function and a brake 12 that implements the braking function.
  • the brake 12 is provided with a structure extending to the housing.
  • the brake handle 121 outside the body can be used to open and close the brake 12 directly by pulling the brake handle 121 when the material is urgently lowered.
  • this application does not place special restrictions on the specific structure of the power components, and the driver can also enable or disable the braking function through other operating methods.
  • the user can directly manually move the limiter 4, or the user can also use a driving component such as a motor to realize the limiter. 4, or the user can control the limiter 4 by manually manipulating the pull rod 44 provided on the limiter 4.
  • a driving component such as a motor to realize the limiter. 4
  • the user can control the limiter 4 by manually manipulating the pull rod 44 provided on the limiter 4.
  • the process of switching the limiting member 4 from the limiting state to the idle state is as follows: the limiting member 4 moves in a direction away from the throwing block 32, the limiting member 4 and the throwing block 32 disengage from the mating state, the throwing movement of the throwing block 32 No longer restricted.
  • the process of switching the limiter 4 from the idle state to the limiter state is as follows: the limiter 4 moves in a direction close to the throw block 32, the limiter 4 contacts the throw block 32 and cooperates with each other, and the throw-out motion of the throw block 32 is blocked. limit.
  • the movement form of the limiting member 4 can be linear movement, rotational movement or other movement forms, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the driving end 111 of the driving motor 11 is connected with the rotation shaft 22 of the drum 21 .
  • the limiter 4 and the centrifugal speed limiter 3 can also be provided on the side of the drum 21 away from the driving motor 11 , or on the side of the drum 21 close to the driving motor 11 .
  • this application does not specifically limit the connection relationship between the limiter 4 and the driving motor 11 and the drum 21.
  • the limiter 4 can be connected to neither the driving end 111 nor the rotating shaft 22.
  • the limiter 4 is movably installed on the driving end 111 or the rotating shaft 22 , thereby realizing the movement of the limiter 4 relative to the centrifugal speed limiter 3 .
  • the driving end 111 and the rotating shaft 22 are transmission connected through the transmission sleeve 23, the limiter 4 is slidably sleeved outside the transmission sleeve 23, and the transmission shaft 31 The fixed sleeve is located outside the transmission sleeve 23.
  • the limiting part 4 is provided with a limiting part (such as the insertion rod 43 below), and the throwing block 32 is provided with a matching part (such as the following In the insertion hole 321), the limiting part and the fitting part are arranged oppositely, and the limiting part 4 is adapted to slide along the length direction of the transmission sleeve 23 to drive the limiting part to disengage or fit into the fitting part.
  • a limiting part such as the insertion rod 43 below
  • the throwing block 32 is provided with a matching part (such as the following In the insertion hole 321)
  • the limiting part and the fitting part are arranged oppositely, and the limiting part 4 is adapted to slide along the length direction of the transmission sleeve 23 to drive the limiting part to disengage or fit into the fitting part.
  • the limiter 4 and the centrifugal speed limiter 3 are both sleeved on the transmission sleeve 23 , and the transmission sleeve 23 is located between the body of the driving motor 11 and the drum 21 .
  • the limiting member 4 slides in the direction away from the centrifugal speed limiter 3, the matching relationship between the limiting part and the matching part is released.
  • the throwing block 32 can be thrown out under the centrifugal force of the rotating shaft 22 of the drum 21, Thereby the speed limit is achieved through friction with the speed limiter; when the limiter 4 slides in the direction close to the centrifugal speed limiter 3, the limiter part and the matching part contact and cooperate with each other, and at this time the throwing block 32 cannot be thrown out,
  • the drum 21 can be rotated normally by the drive of the drive motor 11 .
  • the centrifugal speed limiter 3 and the limiter 4 are installed between the body of the driving motor 11 and the drum 21, and the structure of the hoisting device 07 is more compact, and the volume of the hoisting device 07 can be reduced as much as possible;
  • the limiter 4 and the centrifugal speed limiter 3 are installed on the transmission sleeve 23, not only the structural stability of the device is ensured, but also the stability of the limiter 4 during the sliding process is ensured.
  • the transmission sleeve 23 can also play a guiding role in the sliding movement of the limiting member 4 .
  • the matching structure between the limiting part and the matching part may be a baffle structure, a shaft hole structure, an adhesive structure or a magnetic attraction structure.
  • the limiting part is a baffle, and the outer peripheral surface of the throwing block 32 forms a matching part.
  • the baffle blocks the throwing path of the throwing block 32 (ie, the outer peripheral surface of the throwing block 32), thereby limiting the throwing out of the throwing block 32.
  • the limiting part 4 is a shaft
  • the fitting part is a hole
  • the shaft is inserted into the hole to limit the throw-out of the throwing block 32
  • the limiting part and the fitting part are magnetic magnetic parts, and the limiting part and When the mating parts are in contact, the magnetic force limits the throwing movement of the throwing block 32.
  • one of the limiting part and the fitting part is the insertion rod 43
  • the other of the limiting part and the fitting part is the insertion hole 321 .
  • the insertion rod 43 is inserted into the socket 321; in the idle state, the insertion rod 43 is separated from the socket 321.
  • the matching structure between the insertion hole 321 and the insertion rod 43 is stable and simple.
  • the limiting function of the limiting member 4 on the swing block 32 can be realized by simply adding rods and slots, which facilitates the processing of the device. Manufactured and less expensive.
  • the limiting member 4 includes a first collar 41 and a second collar 42.
  • the first collar 41 is slidably sleeved outside the transmission sleeve 23. It is drivingly connected with the transmission sleeve 23, and the first collar 41 is provided with a limiting portion.
  • the second collar 42 is rotatably connected to the first collar 41.
  • the second collar 42 is provided with a pull rod 44.
  • the pull rod 44 is suitable for driving the limiting member 4 to slide to switch between the limiting state and the idle state.
  • the limiting part is the insertion rod 43 and the matching part is the socket 321 as an example.
  • the movement process of the limiting part 4 is as follows:
  • the insertion rod 43 on the first collar 41 is inserted into the socket 321 of the throwing block 32, and the drum 21 rotates normally under the drive of the drive motor 11, so that the rotation axis 22 of the drum 21 drives The centrifugal speed limiter 3 rotates, and the centrifugal speed limiter 3 drives the first collar 41 to rotate.
  • the first collar 41 rotates relative to the second collar 42, but the second collar 42 does not rotate, so the pull rod 44 connected to the second collar 42 does not rotate either. This makes it convenient for the user to control the limiting member 4 by operating the pull rod 44 .
  • the user can pull the pull rod 44, and the pull rod 44 drives the second collar 42 and the first collar 41 to slide on the transmission sleeve 23, and the jack on the first collar 41 321 is separated from the jack 321 on the throwing block 32.
  • the material drives the drum 21 to rotate through its own weight, and further drives the centrifugal speed limiter 3 to rotate.
  • neither the first collar 41 nor the second collar 42 rotates, and the throwing block 32 is thrown out under the action of centrifugal force. Friction occurs with the speed-limiting part, thereby achieving speed limitation.
  • the brake 12 is provided with a brake handle 121 , and the pull rod 44 is drivingly connected to the brake handle 121 .
  • the brake handle 121 can not only control the brake 12 but also the limiter 4, so that the user can control the brake 12 and the limiter 4 at the same time just by controlling the movement of the brake handle 121. control, thereby improving the user experience, and the operation is convenient and can be completed in one step.
  • the material when the crane has an emergency such as a power outage or malfunction, the material may be suspended in mid-air by the sling 04.
  • the operator can perform the following operations: The operator faces away Pull the brake handle 121 in the direction of the centrifugal speed limiter 3, so that the brake handle 121 drives the limiter 4 to slide in the direction away from the throwing block 32 until the insertion rod 43 is separated from the socket 321.
  • the limiter 4 releases the swing.
  • the operator manually lowers the brake handle 121 to release the braking of the drive motor 11 by the brake 12.
  • the material moves downward under the action of its own weight.
  • the material drives the centrifugal speed limiter 3 to rotate through the drum 21.
  • the throwing block 32 is thrown out and rubs against the speed-limiting part, finally realizing the speed limit of the material in the descending process.
  • the hoisting device 07 also includes a first elastic return member 24.
  • the first elastic return member 24 is connected to the limiting member 4 , and the first elastic return member 24 is suitable for the limiting member 4 Provide force to return to the limit state.
  • the first elastic return member 24 can exert an elastic force on the limiting member 4, so that the limiting member 4 and the throwing block 32 can always maintain cooperation without external force intervention. state to prevent the centrifugal speed limiter 3 from limiting the speed when the crane is working normally and ensure the normal operation of the crane; on the other hand, the first elastic return member 24 can also help the limit member 4 to automatically reset from the idle state to the limit position. status to ensure the normal operation of the crane next time.
  • the limiting member 4 and the centrifugal speed limiter 3 are both sleeved on the transmission sleeve 23 .
  • the first elastic return member 24 is a spring.
  • the spring is provided between the limiting member 4 and the body of the driving motor 11, and the spring is sleeved outside the transmission sleeve 23.
  • One end of the spring resists or is connected to the body of the driving motor 11.
  • the other end resists or is connected to the limiting member 4.
  • the spring in the limiting state, the spring can be in a compressed state or a free state.
  • a mounting shell 5 is connected between the body of the driving motor 11 and the drum 21 .
  • An installation space 51 is formed inside the installation shell 5, and the centrifugal speed limiter 3, the limiter 4 and the transmission sleeve 23 are all located in the installation space 51.
  • the installation shell 5 can wrap the driving end 111, the rotating shaft 22, the limiter 4, the centrifugal speed limiter 3 and other parts in the installation space 51, reducing or even avoiding the interference of external adverse factors on the working process of the parts, and making the The overall aesthetics and structural sealing of the device are better.
  • the mounting shell 5 is cylindrical, one end of the mounting shell 5 is mounted on the body of the driving motor 11 , and the other end of the mounting shell 5 is mounted on the drum 21 .
  • the structure of the centrifugal speed limiter 3 provided in the hoisting device 07 of the present application can be roughly the same as the structure of the existing centrifugal speed limiter 3 in the related art. Therefore, the centrifugal speed limiter 3 is discussed here. The structure of 3 will not be repeatedly introduced. The difference between the centrifugal speed limiter 3 of this embodiment and the centrifugal speed limiter 3 in the related art is that the centrifugal speed limiter 3 of this embodiment has an additional structure of a mating part.
  • the centrifugal speed limiter 3 of the present application can also be further improved on the basis of the existing centrifugal speed limiter 3. Specifically, as shown in Figures 2 and 5, the installation shell 5 Relative to part of the inner wall of the throwing block 32, the centrifugal speed limiter 3 is adapted to limit the rotation speed of the drum 21 through the friction between the thrown throwing block 32 and the inner wall of the mounting shell 5.
  • the throwing block 32 limits the speed of the material falling through friction with the inner wall of the installation shell 5, thus simplifying the structure of the centrifugal speed limiter 3 and eliminating the need to install additional speed limiting parts, so that the installation shell 5 integrates the speed limiter at the same time.
  • the centrifugal speed limiter 3 includes at least two throwing blocks 32, and a second elastic return member 33 is disposed between each two adjacent throwing blocks 32.
  • the elastic return member 33 can realize the return of the throwing block 32 from throwing out to retracting, wherein the second elastic return member 33 can be a spring.
  • Each throwing block 32 is provided with a fitting portion, and the limiting member 4 is provided with at least two limiting portions, and each fitting portion corresponds to one limiting portion.
  • the multiple throwing blocks 32 play a speed limiting role at the same time, further realizing the speed limit during the material falling process, and in the limiting state, the multiple limiting members 4
  • Multiple throwing blocks 32 can be restricted at the same time to ensure the normal working process of the crane.
  • two throwing blocks 32 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the transmission shaft 31 , and each throwing block 32 is provided with an insertion hole 321 .
  • the crane includes a turntable 02 and a boom 01.
  • the turntable 02 is provided with a positioning hole 021, and a first positioning member 023 is removably penetrated in the positioning hole 021; the arm 01 is provided with a matching piece, and the arm 01 is rotatably installed on the turntable 02 to suit the working condition and Switch between non-working states.
  • the first positioning part 023 in the working state, the first positioning part 023 is inserted into the positioning hole 021, and the first positioning part 023 cooperates with the matching part (such as the matching hole 011) to fix the arm 01; as shown in Figure 7 , in the non-working state, the first positioning part 023 disengages from the mating part (such as the mating hole 011) to release the fixation of the boom 01, and the height of the boom 01 in the non-working state is lower than that of the boom 01 in the working state. the height of.
  • the boom 01 is rotatable relative to the turntable 02, so that the function of lowering the height of the boom 01 and maintaining it can be realized.
  • the maintenance staff can pull out the first positioning member 023 from the positioning hole 021, so that the height of the boom 01 can be lowered, and no auxiliary equipment is needed during the maintenance process. , saving maintenance time, improving work efficiency, and avoiding safety risks for personnel during the maintenance process.
  • the crane installed on the offshore platform is usually a fixed arm type jib.
  • the height between the wall head and the wind turbine tower platform is relatively high, and the height is basically more than 2.5 meters. Therefore, the maintenance of the hanging rope and the arm head is more difficult.
  • Most of the current technologies use ladders or Auxiliary facilities similar to lifting platforms are used to complete this work, but relying on auxiliary facilities has the following shortcomings: first, there are certain safety risks, and second, it increases maintenance costs.
  • this application proposes an offshore platform crane.
  • the crane has two states, one is a working state in which the boom 01 is fixed on the turntable 02, and the other is a non-working state in which the height of the boom 01 is lowered.
  • the arm 01 cooperates with the positioning holes 021 and The cooperation between the parts enables the arm 01 to be stably fixed on the turntable 02.
  • the maintenance personnel need to perform maintenance on the user, the maintenance personnel can pull out the first positioning part 023 from the positioning hole 021.
  • the first positioning part 023 is Part 023 is disengaged from the mating part.
  • the height of the boom 01 can be lowered relative to the turntable 02.
  • the maintenance personnel can move the boom 01 Adjust to the appropriate height so that the boom 01 can be repaired without the need for auxiliary equipment.
  • the fitting parts may be structures such as holes, grooves, protrusions, or baffles.
  • the present application does not impose special limitations here, as long as the first positioning part 023 can cooperate with the fitting parts to realize the connection between the arm 01 and the arm 01 .
  • the fitting part is a baffle provided on the boom 01. In the working state, the first positioning member 023 stops against the baffle to limit the height of the boom 01 from lowering; in the non-working state, the first positioning member 023 is When pulled out, the boom 01 can be lowered in height relative to the turntable 02 .
  • the fitting part is a fitting hole 011.
  • the first positioning part 023 in the working state, is disposed in the positioning hole 021 and the fitting hole 011; as shown in As shown in Figure 7, in the non-working state, the first positioning member 023 is separated from the fitting hole 011.
  • the fixed state between the boom 01 and the turntable 02 is more stable, avoiding the rotation and other faults of the boom 01 in the working state, and improving the structural stability. Stronger.
  • the number of positioning holes 021 and fitting holes 011 may be one, two or more, and the fitting holes 011 may be located at the front end, rear end or middle of the boom 01.
  • This application There are no special restrictions on the number and location of the positioning holes 021 and the matching holes 011 , as long as the positions of the positioning holes 021 and the matching holes 011 correspond to each other.
  • positioning holes 021 , matching holes 011 and first positioning parts 023 there are multiple positioning holes 021 , matching holes 011 and first positioning parts 023 , and the positioning holes 021 , matching holes 011 and first positioning parts 023 correspond to each other one by one.
  • the number of first positioning members 023 is also multiple.
  • the plurality of first positioning members 023 are inserted into the plurality of positioning holes 021 and the plurality of matching holes 011 in one-to-one correspondence. In this way, When the boom 01 is lifting heavy objects, the crane's structural stability is stronger, further avoiding malfunctions such as the rotation of the boom 01.
  • the crane when there are multiple positioning holes 021 and/or matching holes 011 , the crane can also achieve multi-level heights of the boom 01 through the cooperation between different positioning holes 021 and matching holes 011 . adjustment process.
  • the maintenance personnel can also insert the first positioning member 023 back into the positioning hole 021 and the matching hole 011, thereby realizing that the boom 01 is at the maintenance height. Fixed below.
  • a limiting member is also provided between the boom 01 and the turntable 02.
  • the limiting member In the non-working state, the limiting member is suitable for limiting the continued downward rotation of the boom 01.
  • the boom 01 is fixed after being lowered to the maintenance height, ensuring the safety of the maintenance personnel during the maintenance process and preventing the boom 01 from falling during the maintenance process and causing personal danger to the maintenance personnel.
  • the limiting member may be a rope connecting the boom 01 and the turntable 02; or, the limiting member may also include two mutually matching limiting members 4, one limiting member 4 is fixed on the boom 01, and the other is fixed on the boom 01.
  • a limiter 4 is fixed on the turntable 02.
  • the two limiters 4 are two mutually matched limiter protrusions. When the boom 01 is lowered to the maintenance height, the two limiter protrusions stop each other. Limit the continued fall of boom 01.
  • the limiting member may also be a tie rod structure or a telescopic sleeve structure to limit the lowering position of the boom 01.
  • the limiting member includes a limiting rope 024.
  • One end of the limiting rope 024 is connected to the boom 01, and the other end is connected to the turntable 02.
  • the limiting rope 024 in the working state, the limiting rope 024 is in a relaxed state; as shown in Figure 7, in the non-working state, the limiting rope 024 is in a tightened state.
  • the limiting rope 024 in the working state is in a relaxed state. Therefore, after the fixation of the boom 01 is released, the boom 01 can rotate relative to the turntable 02 to lower the position.
  • the limit rope 024 is tightened, so that the boom 01 cannot continue to rotate downward, and the boom 01 is limited to the maintenance height to facilitate maintenance by the maintenance personnel.
  • the limiting rope 024 may be a hanging rope 04, a nylon rope, or other ropes.
  • the number of the limiting ropes 024 is multiple.
  • the plurality of limiting ropes 024 are spaced apart along the width direction of the boom 01 .
  • the width direction of the arm 01 refers to the direction from one mounting plate 022 of the turntable 02 to the other mounting plate 022 .
  • multiple limit ropes 024 can tighten the boom 01 at the same time, ensuring the stability of the boom 01 in the non-working state, and preventing the boom 01 from falling during the maintenance process. Failure problems such as falling.
  • the installation end 013 of the boom 01 and the turntable 02 are connected through a hoisting component.
  • the hoisting component includes a sling 04, and the end of the sling 04 is installed on the boom 01 The working end 012, and the end of the hanging rope 04 is connected with a hook 06.
  • the hoisting component includes a drum 21 (Fig. (not shown in the figure) and the motor (not shown in the figure) that drives the movement of the drum 21.
  • the sling rope 04 is wound around the drum 21.
  • the boom 01 and the turntable 02 are connected through the drum 21 to simultaneously realize the retraction of the sling rope 04. function and the rotatable function between the two.
  • the fitting piece is provided on the mounting end 013 of the arm 01.
  • one end of the boom 01 is the working end 012, and the hook below the working end 012 is used for lifting goods.
  • the other end of the boom 01 is the installation end 013.
  • the installation end 013 is rotationally connected to the turntable 02, and the matching parts are located on the arm.
  • the installation end 013 side of the frame 01 avoids interference between the fitting part and other components, and ensures stable cooperation between the first positioning part 023 and the fitting part under working conditions.
  • the turntable 02 includes two opposite mounting plates 022, the arm 01 is installed between the two mounting plates 022, and each mounting plate 022 is provided with a position corresponding to the installation plate 022. Corresponding positioning hole 021.
  • the stable installation of the arm 01 can be achieved through the two mounting plates 022 on both sides of the arm 01, and under normal working conditions, the first positioning member 023 is inserted into the positioning holes 021 on both sides and cooperates with the matching parts. , making the structure of the arm 01 and the turntable 02 more stable and reliable when fixed.
  • the crane according to the embodiment of the present application also includes a mounting base 03.
  • One end of the turntable 02 is rotatably mounted on the mounting base 03, and the other end of the turntable 02 is suitable for connecting to the arm 01.
  • the second positioning member 027 is installed on the mounting base 03 and the turntable 02 to limit the rotation of the turntable 02; in the working state, at least one of the mounting base 03 and the turntable 02 is disassembled from the second positioning member 027 to limit the rotation of the turntable 02. Release the limit on turntable 02.
  • the second positioning member 027 is fixed between the mounting base 03 and the turntable 02.
  • the rotation of the turntable 02 relative to the mounting base 03 is controlled by the second positioning member 027.
  • the turntable 02 can be locked on the mounting base 03, thereby preventing the turntable 02 and the boom 01 from moving under the influence of wind load, and preventing the turntable 02 and the boom 01 from unnecessary rotation during long-term shutdown.
  • a slew system 7 is provided between the mounting base 03 and the turntable 02.
  • the slew system 7 includes a slew motor 71 and a slew support 72.
  • the slew support 72 includes intermeshing Worm gears and worm gears.
  • the offshore platform crane of the present application is provided with a second positioning member 027 that is detachable relative to the turntable 02 and the mounting base 03 .
  • the operator can install the second positioning member 027 on the turntable 02 and the mounting base 03, thereby locking the turntable 02.
  • the stopping effect is good, and it can also avoid the swing of the boom 01 under the action of wind load, reduce the wear degree of the worm gear structure in the slewing mechanism, and the slewing mechanism is protected and its service life is extended.
  • the turntable 02 is provided with a first limit hole 0251, and the mounting base 03 is provided with a second limit hole 0311.
  • the position of the first limit hole 0251 Corresponds to the position of the second limiting hole 0311.
  • the second positioning member 027 In the non-working state, the second positioning member 027 is inserted into the first limiting hole 0251 and the second limiting hole 0311; in the working state, the second positioning member 027 is separated from the first limiting hole 0251 and the second limiting hole. At least one of 0311.
  • the specific working process is as follows: when the boom 01 is in normal working condition, the turntable 02 needs to drive the boom 01 to rotate. At this time, the turntable 02 and the mounting base 03 should be in a rotatable state. The second positioning member 027 is pulled out from the first limiting hole 0251 and the second limiting hole 0311, so that the turntable 02 can move normally.
  • the operator inserts the second positioning member 027 into the first limiting hole 0251 and the second limiting hole 0311 so that the second positioning member 027 limits the rotation of the turntable 02 Rotate to fix the turntable 02 on the mounting base 03 to avoid random rotation of the boom 01 and the turntable 02 under the action of wind load.
  • the turntable 02 is fixed in the non-working state, and can be directly installed on the basis of the existing crane structure. There is no need to add more parts, the structure is simple and it is easy to modify.
  • the second positioning member 027 may be a bolt, and correspondingly, the first limiting hole 0251 and the second limiting hole 0311 may be threaded holes; or the second positioning member 027 may be a pin.
  • This application does not specifically limit the specific structure of the second positioning member 027, as long as the second positioning member 027 can fit in the first limiting hole 0251 and the second limiting hole 0311.
  • the adjacent mounting base 03 of the turntable 02 One end of the mounting base 03 is provided with a first locking plate 025, and a first limiting hole 0251 is located on the first locking plate 025; an end of the mounting base 03 adjacent to the turntable 02 is provided with a second locking plate 031, and a second limiting hole 0311 Located on the second locking plate 031.
  • the turntable 02 is provided above the mounting base 03.
  • the lower end of the turntable 02 is provided with a first locking plate 025 that extends horizontally outward.
  • the upper end of the mounting base 03 is provided with a second locking plate 031 that extends horizontally outward.
  • a locking plate 025 and a second locking plate 031 are parallel and oppositely arranged.
  • the number of the first limiting holes 0251 may be one, two or more, and the number of the second limiting holes 0311 may also be one, two or more.
  • the present application hereby No special restrictions are made.
  • At least two first limiting holes 0251 are provided on the turntable 02 , and all the first limiting holes 0251 are spaced apart along the rotation direction of the turntable 02 .
  • the mounting base 03 is provided with a second limiting hole 0311.
  • the operator can fix the turntable 02 at different rotational positions by inserting the second positioning member 027 into different first limiting holes 0251 .
  • At least two second limiting holes 0311 are provided on the mounting base 03 , and all the second limiting holes 0311 are spaced apart along the rotation direction of the turntable 02 .
  • the turntable 02 is provided with a first limiting hole 0251.
  • the operator can fix the turntable 02 at different rotational positions by inserting the second positioning member 027 into different second limiting holes 0311 .
  • At least two second limiting holes 0311 are provided on the mounting base 03 , and all the second limiting holes 0311 are spaced apart along the rotation direction of the turntable 02 .
  • the turntable 02 is provided with at least two first limiting holes 0251 , and all the first limiting holes 0251 are spaced apart along the rotation direction of the turntable 02 .
  • the operator can insert the second positioning member 027 into different first limiting holes 0251 and different second limiting holes 0311 to achieve different rotational positions of the turntable 02 .
  • the operator in the other hand, in the non-working state, the operator can insert multiple second positioning members 027 into the corresponding first limiting holes and second limiting holes 0311 respectively. In this way, through multi-point limiting, The turntable 02 can be further fixed to increase the stability of the structure in non-working conditions.
  • the turntable 02 or the mounting base 03 is provided with an assembly.
  • the second positioning member 027 is separated from the first limiting hole 0251 and the second limiting hole 0311, the second positioning member 027 is adapted to Suitable for fitting on assemblies.
  • the assembly part can be a collar, accommodating groove, a magnetic part, an adhesive part, or other structures. This application does not impose special limitations here, as long as the second positioning part 027 can be matched to the assembly part. .
  • the assembly part is an assembly ring 026
  • the assembly ring 026 is provided on the outer surface of the turntable 02 .
  • the second positioning member 027 when the second positioning member 027 is pulled out from the first limiting hole 0251 and the second limiting hole 0311, the second positioning member 027 can be put into the assembly ring 026, thereby avoiding the second positioning member 027 from being damaged. lost.
  • the crane also includes a hook 06, a sling 04 and a guard assembly.
  • the turntable 02 is rotatably installed on the mounting base 03; the arm 01 is installed on the turntable 02 to follow the rotation of the turntable 02; the hook 06 Located at one end of the boom 01 away from the turntable 02; one end of the sling 04 is connected to the turntable 02, and the other end of the sling 04 extends along the extension direction of the boom 01 and is connected to the hook 06;
  • the shield assembly includes a rotary shield 101 , rope outlet guard 102, rope guard 103, arm head guard 104, the rotation guard 101 covers the connection between the turntable 02 and the mounting base 03, the rope outlet guard 102 is connected to the boom 01, and covers Covered at the rope outlet 100 of the turntable 02, the rope guard 103 is connected to the boom 01, and covers the part of the hanging rope 04 extending along the boom 01, the arm head guard 104 is connected to the boom 01, and covers At the end of the boom 01 away
  • the turntable 02 is rotated and installed on the mounting base 03 to drive the boom 01 to rotate, thereby adjusting the position of the hook 06 on the boom 01 to realize the transfer of materials.
  • the lifting rope 04 is drawn out from the turntable 02 and extends through the boom 01 to the arm head position of the boom 01 to connect with the hook 06, thereby facilitating the lifting and transfer of materials.
  • a rotation guard 101 is set between the turntable 02 and the mounting base 03 for protection; a rope outlet guard 102 is provided at the connection position between the boom 01 and the turntable 02 to protect the rope outlet 100 of the turntable 02 For protection; the sling 04 extends outside the boom 01, and the rope guard 103 covers the sling 04 to protect the sling 04; an arm head guard 104 is provided at the end of the boom 01 away from the turntable 02, that is, to protect the sling 04. The corner connection between the hanging rope 04 and the hook 06 is protected. In this way, each component is protected in sections through the shield assembly to reduce the corrosion of each component by the marine atmospheric environment, thereby saving maintenance costs and extending the service life of each component.
  • the rotary shield 101 is sleeve-shaped to completely cover the connection between the turntable 02 and the mounting base 03 to prevent rainwater from intruding.
  • the rope outlet shield 102 covers the connection between the boom 01 and the turntable 02 to cover the rope outlet 100 to prevent the intrusion of rainwater or ocean air.
  • the rope guard 103 has a C-shaped cross section and is buckled to cover the boom 01 to cover the hanging rope 04 extending from the boom 01 . Understandably, the sling 04 slides through The pulley is connected to the hook 06.
  • the pulley is installed at the arm head of the boom 01 to guide the sling 04.
  • the hook 06 is connected to the sling 04.
  • the pulley is connected through the arm head.
  • the shield 104 covers the end of the boom 01 away from the turntable 02, that is, the position of the arm head, to form protection.
  • various components of the offshore platform crane are protected through the segmented protective structure, and the segmented protective structure will not affect the normal operation of the offshore platform crane, reducing the erosion of the various components by the marine atmospheric environment, thus Save maintenance costs and extend the service life of each component.
  • the crane also includes a correction device 105.
  • the correction device 105 includes a V-shaped concave block 106 and a V-shaped convex block 107.
  • the V-shaped concave block 106 is provided on the turntable 02 On one side of the arm 01 adjacent to the arm 01, the V-shaped concave block 106 is provided with a V-shaped groove on the side facing the turntable 02;
  • a V-shaped protrusion is provided on one side of the block 106, and the V-shaped protrusion is gradually limited to the V-shaped groove or away from the V-shaped groove when the arm 01 rotates relative to the turntable 02.
  • V-shaped concave blocks 106 and V-shaped convex blocks 107 are provided to correct the deflection of the boom 01.
  • the deviation correction device 105 first rotates the special bolt 1100 installed on the special bolt mounting plate 110 counterclockwise (the special bolt mounting plate 110 is welded on the turntable 02), so that it can pass through
  • the V-shaped concave block 106 which is connected to the shaft with a retaining ring 108, moves upward along the sliding plate 109 until the V-shaped concave block 106 is installed on the arm 01 and the V-shaped surface of the V-shaped protrusion 107 is in close contact. At this time The position of V-shaped concave block 106 is the limit position of boom 01.
  • the crane includes a boom 01, an anti-loosening rope protection device 6, a turntable 02, a slewing system 7, a mounting base 03, an electric control box 81, a winch 07, a floodlight 82, and a crane.
  • the boom 01 is the load-bearing beam of the entire crane and is a box-shaped structure.
  • the anti-loosening rope protection device 6 is installed on the boom 01. When the hanging rope 04 relaxes, the anti-loosening rope protection device 6 is triggered and the drum 21 stops releasing the rope.
  • the turntable 02 is a support member that connects the boom 01 and the slewing system 7. It adopts a double hinge connection form inside the crane (including the first positioning part 023 and the winch device 07). The boom 01 is connected by the first positioning part 023 respectively. And the hoisting device 07 is pinned to the turntable 02.
  • the slewing system 7 consists of a slewing bearing 72 and a slewing motor 71, and is mainly used to drive the rotation of the boom 01 and accurately position the material to the storage area.
  • the rotary system 7 can be manually rotated in case of power outage.
  • the second positioning member 027 is used to pin the turntable 02 and the mounting base 03 together to prevent them from swinging under wind load.
  • the mounting base 03 serves as a support component of the entire machine to withstand compressive stress.
  • the mounting base 03 is a column and is made of seamless steel pipes to connect the crane and the platform body.
  • the electric control box 81 and the wireless remote control 9 form the electrical control system of the offshore platform crane, which controls the lifting, lowering and rotating functions of the crane.
  • the electric control box 81 is provided with a humidity sensor, a heater and a heating controller.
  • the humidity sensor is connected to the heating controller, and the heating controller is connected to the heater through a control switch.
  • the humidity sensor inside the electric control box 81 is used to detect the humidity, and the humidity value is fed back to the heating controller.
  • the heating controller compares the humidity value with a preset humidity value, and then controls the on and off of the control switch. To control the working state of the heater (heating and stopping heating), thereby preventing condensation water from forming in the electric control box 81 .
  • the floodlight 82 provides sufficient illumination for the process of operating the crane.
  • the crane is equipped with two booms 83, one is used as a rescue boom 83 to evacuate people near the end of the boom 01 in an emergency, and the other is an anchor boom 83 for use in the event of an emergency. In case of failure, other lifting equipment is suspended to temporarily lift the items.
  • Hook 06 is connected with a counterweight for hanging materials.
  • the sound and light alarm light is installed on the turntable 02. The sound and light alarm light is mainly used to alarm when the automatic overload protection system (AOPS) is triggered.
  • AOPS automatic overload protection system
  • the hoisting device 07 is the lifting and lowering drive system of the offshore platform crane.
  • the lifting device 07 includes power components (including a drive motor 11 and a brake 12), a centrifugal speed limiter 3, a limiter 4, a drum 21 with a built-in reducer, and an installation shell 5.
  • the hoisting device 07 is mainly used to drive the hook 06 to lift and lower materials through the sling 04.
  • the hoisting device 07 also includes a lifting height limiter 85.
  • the lifting height limiter 85 is used by the crane during the lifting and lowering process. Position control element.
  • the rotating shaft 22 of the drum 21 and the driving end 111 of the drive motor 11 are connected through the transmission sleeve 23.
  • the installation shell 5 connects the drum 21 and the body of the drive motor 11 respectively, and the installation shell 5 connects the transmission sleeve 23 and the centrifugal speed limiter.
  • the device 3, the limiter 4, the rotating shaft 22, the driving end 111 and other parts are surrounded in the installation space 51.
  • the centrifugal speed limiter 3 and the limiter 4 are sleeved outside the transmission sleeve 23.
  • the centrifugal speed limiter 3 is located on the right side of the limiter 4, and a spring (i.e., the first elastic return member) is provided on the left side of the limiter 4. 24), the first elastic return member 24 is connected to the limiting member 4 and the body of the driving motor 11 respectively.
  • the limiting member 4 includes a first collar 41 and a second collar 42.
  • the first collar 41 is slidably sleeved outside the transmission sleeve 23 and is drivingly connected to the transmission sleeve 23.
  • the first collar 41 is provided with Insert rod 43.
  • the second collar 42 is rotatably connected to the first collar 41.
  • the second collar 42 is provided with a pull rod 44, and the pull rod 44 is drivingly connected to the brake handle 121 on the brake 12.
  • the centrifugal speed governor 3 includes a throwing block 32 and a transmission shaft 31.
  • the inner wall of the mounting shell 5 constitutes the speed limiting part of the centrifugal speed governor 3.
  • the throwing block 32 realizes the speed limiting function through friction with the inner wall of the mounting shell 5.
  • the throwing block 32 is provided with an insertion hole 321.
  • the implementation process of manual emergency load reduction of the crane is as follows: the operator pulls the brake handle 121 toward the tail of the motor, so that the pull rod 44 connected to it drives the limiter 4 to slide along the transmission sleeve 23, thereby causing the The insertion rod 43 of the limiter 4 is separated from the socket 321 of the throwing block 32. At the same time, the operator manually lowers the brake handle 121 to open the motor brake 12. At this time, the material moves downward and passes through the sling 04 (i.e. the sling). 04) Drive the drum 21 to rotate. When the drum 21 reaches the set speed, the throwing block 32 of the centrifugal speed limiter 3 is thrown out and rubs against the inner wall of the installation shell 5, thereby achieving speed limitation.
  • the operator releases the manual brake handle 121, and the spring returns the limiter 4 and the pull rod 44 to the initial position.
  • the insertion rod 43 is inserted into the jack 321, so that the crane is in normal operation.
  • the centrifugal speed limiter 3 will not be opened during operation, and the crane will not be affected by the speed limit when the centrifugal speed limiter 3 is opened.
  • the crane control method based on the above-mentioned second aspect includes:
  • Step 100 determine that the crane is faulty, determine that there is material suspended on the boom 01, and control the brake 12 to close;
  • Step 200 It is determined that the material needs to be lowered, and the limiting member 4 is controlled to switch to the idle state, so that the limiting part is separated from the matching part.
  • the material when the material is lifted in mid-air and a sudden power outage or crane failure occurs, the material continues to fall by closing the brake 12 and releasing the swing block by moving the limiter 4
  • the limit of 32 allows the material to achieve speed control through the centrifugal speed limiter 3 when the material falls to the set value, so that the material can fall to the platform or transport ship at a controllable speed.
  • the brake handle 121 is pulled to close the brake 12 .
  • the brake handle 121 is pulled in a direction away from the centrifugal speed limiter 3 to drive the
  • the pull rod 44 moves and drives the limiting member 4 to slide away from the centrifugal speed limiter 3 .
  • the crane control method further includes:
  • the limiting member 4 is controlled to switch to the limiting state.
  • the crane control method proposed in this application can not only be realized automatically by relying on the controller, but can also be realized through manual control by the operator.
  • This application also protects a crane control device, including:
  • the first control module is used to determine that the crane is faulty, determine that there is material hanging on the boom 01, and control the brake 12 to close;
  • the second control module determines that the material needs to be lowered, and controls the limiting member 4 to switch to the idle state, so that the limiting part is separated from the mating part.
  • This application also protects an offshore platform, wherein the offshore platform includes the crane described in the above-mentioned embodiment of the second aspect and the platform body, and the crane is installed on the platform body through the mounting base 03.
  • Figure 17 illustrates a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device.
  • the electronic device may include: a processor (processor) 810, a communications interface (Communications Interface) 820, a memory (memory) 830 and a communication bus 840.
  • the processor 810, the communication interface 820, and the memory 830 complete communication with each other through the communication bus 840.
  • the processor 810 can call logical instructions in the memory 830 to execute the crane control method according to the third embodiment of the present application.
  • the above-mentioned logical instructions in the memory 830 can be implemented in the form of software functional units and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when sold or used as an independent product.
  • the technical solution of the present application is essentially a part that contributes to the existing technology or Part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product.
  • the computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes a number of instructions to cause a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the software. Apply all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code. .
  • an embodiment of the present application discloses a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer program includes program instructions.
  • the program instructions When the program instructions are executed by a computer, During execution, the computer can execute the methods provided by each of the above method embodiments, such as the crane control method including the third embodiment of the present application.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored.
  • the computer program is implemented when executed by a processor to perform the transmission method provided by the above embodiments, for example, including A method for controlling a crane according to a third embodiment of the present application.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated.
  • the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in One location, or it can be distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Persons of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement the method without any creative effort.
  • each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware.
  • the computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., including a number of instructions to cause a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments or certain parts of the embodiments.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

一种吊机的卷扬装置、吊机、吊机的控制方法和海上平台。卷扬装置（07）包括：驱动电机（11）、制动器（12）、卷筒（21）、离心限速器（3）和限位件（4），卷筒（21）分别与驱动电机（11）和离心限速器（3）传动连接；限位件（4）相对于离心限速器（3）可移动以在限位状态和闲置状态之间切换；在限位状态，限位件（4）与离心限速器（3）相互配合，驱动电机（11）驱动卷筒（21）旋转；在闲置状态限位件（4）与离心限速器（3）脱离配合，之后释放制动器（12），使得物料在其自身重力作用下做下降运动。

Description

吊机的卷扬装置、吊机、吊机的控制方法和海上平台
本申请要求如下专利的优先权：2022年05月27日提交的标题为“海上平台吊机及其控制方法和海上平台”的中国专利申请第202210600269.8号；2022年05月27日提交的标题为“海上平台的吊机和海上平台”的中国专利申请第202210594905.0号；2022年12月29日提交的标题为“海上平台吊机和海上平台”的中国专利申请第202211714738.5号；2022年12月29日提交的标题为“海上平台吊机和海上平台”的中国专利申请第202223548115.3号；2022年05月27日提交的标题为“臂架的固定装置、臂架组件和吊机”的中国专利申请第202221345173.3号；2022年05月27日提交的标题为“吊机的臂架组件和吊机”的中国专利申请第202221328966.4号；2022年05月27日提交的标题为“吊机的卷扬装置和吊机”的中国专利申请第202221314920.7号；2022年12月29日提交的标题为“臂架纠偏装置、起重组件和起重机”的中国专利申请第202223534703.1号。上述申请的全部内容通过引用全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及作业机械技术领域，尤其涉及一种吊机的卷扬装置、吊机、吊机的控制方法和海上平台。
背景技术
现在有很多海上平台吊机在紧急情况下时(断电或吊机发生故障)，无法及时将悬停于半空中的物料下降至风机塔筒平台或运输船上，只能等电源恢复或排除故障后才能操作吊机，物料长时间悬停于半空中存在不可控的危险，比如物料随风摆动可能造成物料或塔筒的损坏。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请提出一种吊机的卷扬装置，通过离心限速器和限位件的配合结构，使得物料在遇到紧急情况时可以安全平稳的降落。
本申请还提出一种吊机。
本申请还提出一种吊机的控制方法。
本申请还提出一种海上平台。
根据本申请第一方面实施例的吊机的卷扬装置，包括：
驱动电机、制动器、卷筒和离心限速器，所述卷筒分别与所述驱动电机和所述离心限速器传动连接；
限位件，所述限位件相对于所述离心限速器可移动以在限位状态和闲置状态之间切换；在所述限位状态，所述限位件与所述离心限速器相互配合，所述驱动电机驱动所述卷筒旋转；在所述闲置状态，所述限位件与所述离心限速器脱离配合，之后释放所述制动器，使得物料在其自身重力作用下做下降运动。
根据本申请实施例的卷扬装置，通过离心限速器和限位件的配合结构，使得物料在遇到紧急情况时可以安全平稳的降落，例如，当物料吊运到半空中突然出现断电或吊机故障时，通过关闭制动器实现物料的继续下落，并通过移动限位件解除对甩块的限制，使得物料在下落速度过大时可以通过离心限速器实现降速，从而物料能够以可控速度下降至平台或运输船上。
这样，一方面，在紧急情况下物料也可以正常降落，避免了物料长时间悬停空中所带来的危险因素，另一方面，物料的下落速度处于可控范围内，从而避免物料因下降过快而造成其他危险，提高了装置的应急处理性能和安全性能。
根据本申请第二方面实施例的吊机，包括：
臂架和转台，所述臂架可转动地安装于所述转台；
如本申请第一方面实施例所述的卷扬装置，安装于所述臂架，其中，在所述物料的下降速度达到设定速度时，所述离心限速器控制所述卷筒减速。
根据本申请第三方面实施例的基于上述第二方面实施例所述的吊机的控制方法，包括：
确定所述吊机出现故障，并确定所述臂架悬挂有物料，控制所述制动器关闭；
确定所述物料需要下放，控制所述限位件切换至所述闲置状态，以使得限位部脱离配合部。
根据本申请的一个实施例，在控制所述限位件切换至所述闲置状态的步骤中：朝向远离所述离心限速器的方向拉动制动手柄以带动拉杆移动，并带动所述限位件远离所述离心限速器的方向滑动。
根据本申请第四方面实施例的海上平台，包括：
如本申请第二方面实施例所述的吊机；
平台本体，所述吊机安装于所述平台本体。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的卷扬装置的结构示意图；
图2是沿图1中A-A线的剖视图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的限位件的结构示意图之一；
图4是本申请实施例提供的限位件的结构示意图之二；
图5是本申请实施例提供的离心限速器的结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的吊机的结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的吊机在臂架的非工作状态下的结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的吊机在臂架的工作状态下的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的吊机在转台的非工作状态下的结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的吊机在转台的工作状态下的结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的吊机的局部结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的无线遥控器的结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的吊机的部分结构透视图；
图14是本申请实施例提供的臂架与转台连接处的结构示意图；
图15是图14中B处的局部放大图；
图16是本申请实施例提供的吊机的控制方法的步骤示意图；
图17是本申请实施例提供的电子设备的结构示意图。
附图标记：
01、臂架；011、配合孔；012、工作端；013、安装端；
02、转台；021、定位孔；022、安装板；023、第一定位件；024、限位绳索；025、第一锁止板；0251、第一限位孔；026、装配环；027、第二定位件；
03、安装座；031、第二锁止板；0311、第二限位孔；
04、吊绳；06、吊钩；07、卷扬装置；11、驱动电机；111、驱动端；12、制动器；121、制动手柄；21、卷筒；22、旋转轴；23、传动套筒；24、第一弹性复位件；
3、离心限速器；31、传动轴；32、甩块；321、插孔；33、第二弹性复位件；4、限位件；41、第一套环；42、第二套环；43、插杆；44、拉杆；5、安装壳；51、安装空间；
6、防松绳保护装置；7、回转系统；71、回转电机；72、回转支承；81、电控箱；82、泛光灯；83、吊杆；84、声光报警器；85、起升高度限制器；9、无线遥控器；
100、出绳口；101、回转护罩；102、出绳口护罩；103、绳护罩；104、臂头护罩；105、纠偏装置；106、V型凹块；107、V型凸块；108、轴用挡圈；109、滑移板；110、专用螺栓安装板；1100、专用螺栓；810、处理器；820、通信接口；830、存储器；840、通信总线。
具体实施方式
下面参考附图描述根据本申请第一方面的吊机的卷扬装置，为方便描述，下文中简称为卷扬装置。
如图1至图5所示，根据本申请实施例的卷扬装置07，包括动力部件、卷筒21、离心限速器3和限位件4。
动力部件包括驱动电机11和制动器12。驱动电机11和制动器12相互连接，其 中，动力部件可以采用市面上常见的具备制动功能的制动电机。制动器12可以对驱动电机11进行制动。驱动电机11的驱动端111与卷筒21的旋转轴22传动连接，驱动电机11可以驱动卷筒21做旋转运动以实现卷扬功能。
离心限速器3包括传动轴31、甩块32和限速件(如下文中的安装壳5)，传动轴31与卷筒21的旋转轴22传动连接，离心限速器3适于通过甩出的甩块32与限速件之间的摩擦作用以限制卷筒21的转速。
限位件4相对于离心限速器3可移动以在限位状态和闲置状态之间切换；在限位状态，限位件4与离心限速器3的甩块32相互配合，以限制甩块32的甩出；在闲置状态，限位件4与离心限速器3的甩块32脱离配合，以解除对甩块32的限制。
还需要指出的是，对于本申请的卷扬装置07的制动器12而言，该制动器12并不限于安装在驱动电机11上，制动器12也可以安装在旋转轴22上，或者，制动器也可以安装在其他可以限制卷筒21转动的位置上，本申请在此不做特殊限制，只要制动器12可以对驱动电机11所提供的动力进行制动即可。
根据本申请实施例的卷扬装置07，以卷扬装置07安装在吊机上为例进行说明，则其具体工作原理以及工作过程如下：
当吊机处于正常工作状态时，限位件4与离心限速器3的甩块32相互配合，限位件4限制甩块32的甩出以关闭离心限速器3的限速功能，此时驱动电机11可以正常驱动卷筒21旋转，并通过控制卷筒21上吊绳04的收放，实现物料的上升和下落。
当吊机在工作过程中出现紧急情况时，例如吊机出现断电或者吊机故障等情况时，物料悬挂在半空中，基于安全考虑需将物料下放，则操作员控制限位件4相对于离心限速器3移动，使得限位件4与离心限速器3的甩块32脱离配合，限位件4解除对甩块32的限位，随后释放制动器12对驱动电机11的制动。在物料自身的重力作用下，物料做下降运动，物料通过吊绳04带动卷筒21转动，卷筒21在转动的过程中通过旋转轴22带动离心限速器3转动，当物料的下降速度到达设定速度时，离心限速器3的甩块32在离心力的作用下被甩出，并且甩块32与限速件接触并发生摩擦。在甩块32与限速件之间摩擦阻力的作用下，卷筒21的速度减小，从而实现物料平稳下降。
当物料下降并平稳落到平台或者运输船上后，限位件4可以通过弹性复位、自动控制或者手动控制等方式切换至限位状态，此时限位件4与离心限速器3的甩块32相互配合，限位件4限制甩块32的甩出以关闭离心限速器3的限速功能，从而 在吊机的正常工作时离心限速器3不会打开，进而使得吊机不会受到离心限速器3在打开时造成的限速影响。
综上，根据本申请实施例的卷扬装置07，通过离心限速器3和限位件4的配合结构，使得物料在遇到紧急情况时可以安全平稳的降落，例如，当物料吊运到半空中突然出现断电或吊机故障时，通过关闭制动器12实现物料的继续下落，并通过移动限位件4解除对甩块32的限制，使得物料在下落速度达到设定值时可以通过离心限速器3实现控速，从而物料能够以可控速度下降至平台或运输船上。
这样，一方面，在紧急情况下物料也可以正常降落，避免了物料长时间悬停空中所带来的危险因素，另一方面，物料的下落速度处于可控范围内，从而避免物料因下降过快而造成其他危险，提高了装置的应急处理性能和安全性能。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请第二方面实施例的吊机。
如图1至图6所示，根据本申请实施例的吊机，包括臂架01和卷扬装置07。其中，卷扬装置07的结构及工作原理如上所述，在此不再赘述。
根据本申请实施例的吊机，如图7和图8所示，该吊机还包括转台02，转台02上设有定位孔021，所述定位孔021内可拆卸地穿设有第一定位件023。臂架01设有配合件(如配合孔011)，所述转台02和所述臂架01通过所述卷扬装置07可转动连接，所述第一定位件023适于穿过所述定位孔021并配合于所述配合件以限制所述臂架01的转动。
臂架01相对于转台02可转动，从而可以实现调整臂架01的高度。这样，在维修员需要降低臂架01进行维护时，维修员可以将第一定位件023从定位孔021内拔出，从而使得臂架01可以实现高度的降低，进而维护过程中可以无需借助辅助设备，节省了维修时间、提高了工作效率，并且还能避免人员在维修过程中出现的安全风险。
此外，第一定位件023可以在臂架01升降物料时对臂架01起到固定作用，保证臂架01与转台02之间的稳定安装，并且在臂架01需要维修时，也可以通过拆卸第一定位件023实现臂架01高度的降低，从而方便臂架01的人工维修。
根据本申请的一些实施例，吊机还包括安装座03，臂架01安装于转台02，转台02可转动地安装于安装座03，安装座03安装在海上平台的平台上，卷扬装置07安装在臂架01和转台02之间。卷筒21上卷绕有吊绳04，吊绳04沿着臂架01伸出至臂架01的末端并连接吊钩06。
如图1所示，根据本申请的一些实施例，动力部件可以采用制动电机，制动电机包括实现驱动功能的驱动电机11和实现制动功能的制动器12，制动器12设有伸出至壳体外的制动手柄121，在紧急降低物料时，可以直接通过拉动制动手柄121实现制动器12的开启和关闭。当然，本申请对于动力部件的具体结构不做特殊限制，驱动器也可以通过其他操作方式实现制动功能的开启与否。
在开启关闭制动器12的制动功能后，为实现限位件4从限位状态切换至闲置状态，用户可以直接手动移动限位件4，或者，用户也可以借助电机等驱动件实现限位件4的自动控制，又或者，用户可以通过手动操控设置在限位件4上的拉杆44，实现对限位件4的控制。当然，上述实施例仅为本申请众多实施例中的一些，并不构成对于本申请的限位件4的具体限制。
限位件4从限位状态切换至闲置状态的过程如下：限位件4朝向远离甩块32的方向移动，限位件4与甩块32之间脱离配合状态，甩块32的甩出运动不再被限制。限位件4从闲置状态切换为限位状态的过程如下：限位件4朝向靠近甩块32的方向移动，限位件4与甩块32接触并相互配合，甩块32的甩出运动被限制。
需要说明的是，在上述限位件4在两种状态之间切换的过程中，限位件4的运动形式可以为直线运动、旋转运动或者其他运动形式，本申请在此不做特殊限制。
根据本申请的一些实施例，驱动电机11的驱动端111与卷筒21的旋转轴22连接。限位件4和离心限速器3也可以设在卷筒21的远离驱动电机11的一侧，也可以设在卷筒21的靠近驱动电机11的一侧。此外，本申请对于限位件4与驱动电机11和卷筒21之间的连接关系不做具体限定，例如，在一个实施例中，限位件4可以与驱动端111和旋转轴22均无连接关系，而是通过安装在其他支撑结构上，从而实现自身相对于离心限速器3的可移动；在另一个实施例中，限位件4可移动地安装在驱动端111或者旋转轴22上，从而实现限位件4相对于离心限速器3的可移动。
如图2所示，在本申请的一个实施例中，驱动端111与旋转轴22通过传动套筒23传动连接，限位件4可滑动地套设在传动套筒23外，且传动轴31固定套设在传动套筒23外。
限位件4设有限位部(如下文中的插杆43)，甩块32设有配合部(如下文 中的插孔321)，限位部和配合部相对设置，限位件4适于沿着传动套筒23的长度方向滑动，以带动限位部脱离或者配合于配合部。
在本实施例中，限位件4和离心限速器3均套设在传动套筒23上，传动套筒23则位于驱动电机11的机体和卷筒21之间。当限位件4朝向远离离心限速器3的方向滑动时，限位部和配合部之间解除配合关系，此时甩块32可以在卷筒21旋转轴22的离心力作用下被甩出，从而通过与限速件的摩擦实现限速；当限位件4朝向靠近离心限速器3的方向滑动时，限位部和配合部相互接触并配合，此时甩块32不能被甩出，卷筒21可以通过驱动电机11的驱动正常旋转。
这样，一方面，离心限速器3和限位件4均安装在驱动电机11的机体和卷筒21之间，卷扬装置07的结构更加紧凑，可以尽量减小卷扬装置07的体积；另一方面，通过将限位件4和离心限速器3均安装在传动套筒23上，不仅保证了装置的结构稳定性，还保证了限位件4在滑动过程中的稳定性，此外，传动套筒23还可以对限位件4的滑动起到导向作用。
在一些实施例中，限位部和配合部之间的配合结构可以为挡板结构、轴孔结构、粘接结构或者磁吸结构等。例如，限位部为挡板，甩块32的外周面形成配合部，挡板止挡在甩块32的甩出路径(即甩块32的外周面)上，从而限制甩块32的甩出；或者，限位件4为轴，配合部为孔，轴插入孔内以限制甩块32的甩出；又或者，限位部和配合部均为具备磁性的磁吸件，限位部和配合部接触时，磁力限制了甩块32的甩出运动。
当然，上述实施例仅为本申请多种实施例中的一些，并不构成对于本申请的限位部和配合部的具体限定，限位部和配合部也可以采用其他结构形式。
如图1至图6所示，在本申请的一个实施例中，限位部和配合部中的一个为插杆43，限位部和配合部中的另一个为插孔321。在限位状态下，插杆43插接在插孔321内；在闲置状态，插杆43脱离插孔321。
这样，插孔321和插杆43之间的配合结构稳定且简单，本实施例通过简单的增设杆件和孔槽便可以实现限位件4对甩块32的限位功能，便于装置的加工制造且成本较低。
如图3和图4所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，限位件4包括第一套环41和第二套环42，第一套环41可滑动地套设在传动套筒23外并与传动套筒23传动连接，第一套环41上设有限位部。
第二套环42与第一套环41可转动连接，第二套环42上设有拉杆44，拉杆44适于带动限位件4滑动以在限位状态和闲置状态之间切换。
在本实施例中，以限位部为插杆43以及配合部为插孔321为例进行说明，则在吊机具体工作过程中，限位件4的运动过程如下：
当吊机正常工作时，第一套环41上的插杆43插在甩块32的插孔321内，卷筒21在驱动电机11的驱动下正常旋转，从而卷筒21的旋转轴22带动离心限速器3旋转，并且离心限速器3带动第一套环41旋转。在离心限速器3旋转的过程中，第一套环41相对于第二套环42旋转，而第二套环42不旋转，因此与第二套环42连接的拉杆44也不会旋转，从而方便用户通过操控拉杆44对限位件4进行控制。
当吊机出现断电或者故障等紧急情况时，用户可以拉动拉杆44，拉杆44带动第二套环42和第一套环41在传动套筒23上滑动，第一套环41上的插孔321与甩块32上的插孔321脱离。物料通过自重带动卷筒21的旋转，并进一步带动离心限速器3旋转，此时第一套环41和第二套环42均不旋转，而甩块32在离心力的作用下被甩出并与限速件发生摩擦，从而实现限速。
如图1所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，制动器12设有制动手柄121，拉杆44与制动手柄121传动连接。这样，制动手柄121不仅可以实现对制动器12的控制，还可以实现对限位件4的控制，从而用户可以仅通过操控制动手柄121的移动，同时实现对制动器12和限位件4的控制，进而提升了使用体验，操作便捷且可以一步到位。
在一个实施例中，当吊机出现断电或者故障等紧急情况时，物料可能被吊绳04悬挂在半空中，此时为了实现物料的平稳下落，操作员可以进行如下操作：操作员朝向远离离心限速器3的方向扳动制动手柄121，使得制动手柄121带动限位件4朝向远离甩块32的方向滑动，直至插杆43脱离插孔321，此时限位件4解除对甩块32的限位，随后，操作员手动下降制动手柄121以解除制动器12对驱动电机11的制动，物料在自重作用下做下降运动，物料通过卷筒21带动离心限速器3旋转，甩块32被甩出并与限速件摩擦，最终实现物料在下降过程中的限速。
如图2所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，卷扬装置07还包括第一弹性复位件24。第一弹性复位件24与限位件4连接，第一弹性复位件24适于为限位件4 提供复位至限位状态的作用力。
这样，一方面，在吊机正常工作状态下，第一弹性复位件24可以对限位件4施加弹性力，从而在没有外力介入的情况下，限位件4与甩块32能够始终保持配合状态，避免离心限速器3在吊机正常工作时进行限速，保证吊机的正常工作；另一方面，第一弹性复位件24还可以帮助限位件4从闲置状态自动复位至限位状态，从而保证吊机下一次的正常工作。
如图2所示，在一个具体实施例中，限位件4和离心限速器3均套设在传动套筒23上。第一弹性复位件24为弹簧，弹簧设在限位件4和驱动电机11的机体之间，并且弹簧套设在传动套筒23外，弹簧的一端抵止或者连接于驱动电机11的机体，另一端抵止或者连接于限位件4。其中，在限位状态下，弹簧可以处于压缩状态或者自由状态。
如图2所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，驱动电机11的机体和卷筒21之间连接有安装壳5。安装壳5内部形成安装空间51，离心限速器3、限位件4和传动套筒23均位于安装空间51内。
这样，安装壳5可以将驱动端111、旋转轴22、限位件4和离心限速器3等零件包裹在安装空间51内，减小甚至避免外界不利因素对零件工作过程的干扰，并且使得装置的整体美观度和结构封闭性更好。例如，安装壳5呈圆筒状，安装壳5的一端安装在驱动电机11的机体上，安装壳5的另一端安装在卷筒21上。
在一个实施例中，本申请的卷扬装置07内设置的离心限速器3的结构与相关技术中的已有的离心限速器3的结构可以大致相同，因此在此对离心限速器3的结构不再重复介绍，本实施例的离心限速器3与相关技术中的离心限速器3的不同之处在于：本实施例的离心限速器3增设了配合部的结构。
当然，在另一个实施例中，本申请的离心限速器3也可以在已有的离心限速器3的基础上进一步改进，具体地，如图2和图5所示，安装壳5的相对于甩块32的部分内壁构成限速件，离心限速器3适于通过甩出的甩块32与安装壳5内壁之间的摩擦作用以限制卷筒21的转速。
这样，甩块32通过与安装壳5内壁之间的摩擦实现对物料下落的限速，从而简化了离心限速器3的结构，无需设置额外的限速件，使得安装壳5同时集成了限速件和壳体的功能。
如图5所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，离心限速器3包括至少两个甩块32，每两个相邻的甩块32之间均设有第二弹性复位件33，第二弹性复位件33可以实现甩块32从甩出至缩回的复位，其中，第二弹性复位件33可以为弹簧。
每个甩块32均设有配合部，限位件4上设有至少两个限位部，每个配合部均对应一个限位部。
这样，离心限速器3在甩块32甩出后，多个甩块32同时起到限速作用，进一步实现物料下降过程中的限速，并且在限位状态下，多个限位件4可以同时对多个甩块32进行限制，保证吊机的正常工作过程的正常进行。例如，传动轴31的两侧对称设有两个甩块32，每个甩块32上均设有插孔321。
如图7和图8所示，根据本申请实施例的吊机，包括转台02和臂架01。
转台02设有定位孔021，定位孔021内可拆卸地穿设有第一定位件023；臂架01设有配合件，臂架01可转动地安装于转台02，以适于在工作状态和非工作状态之间切换。
如图8所示，在工作状态，第一定位件023穿设在定位孔021内，且第一定位件023与配合件(如配合孔011)配合以固定臂架01；如图7所示，在非工作状态，第一定位件023与配合件(如配合孔011)脱离配合以解除臂架01的固定，且臂架01在非工作状态下的高度低于臂架01在工作状态下的高度。
根据本申请实施例的吊机，臂架01相对于转台02可转动，从而可以实现臂架01高度降低并对其进行维修的功能。这样，在维修员进行臂架01的维修时，维修员可以将第一定位件023从定位孔021内拔出，从而使得臂架01可以实现高度的降低，进而维修过程中可以无需借助辅助设备，节省了维修时间、提高了工作效率，并且还能避免人员在维修过程中出现的安全风险。
相关技术中，海上平台上设置的吊机通常为固定臂式臂架。对于固定臂式臂架而言，壁头距离风机塔筒平台高度都比较高，高度基本超过2.5米，因此，吊绳及臂头处的维护就比较困难，现在技术中大多数是采用爬梯或类似升降平台的辅助设施来完成此项工作，而借助辅助设施的手段具有以下缺陷：一是存在一定的安全风险，二是增加了维护成本。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请提出了一种海上平台吊机，吊机具有两种状态，一是臂架01固定在转台02上的工作状态，二是臂架01高度降低的非工作状态。在工作状态下，臂架01通过第一定位件023分别与定位孔021和配合 件之间的配合，从而实现臂架01稳定固定在转台02上，当维修员需要对用户进行维修时，维修员可以将第一定位件023从定位孔021内拔出来，此时第一定位件023与配合件脱离配合，由于臂架01与转台02之间不存在第一定位件023的限制，因此臂架01可以相对于转台02实现高度的降低，此时维修员可以将臂架01调节到合适的高度，从而无需借助辅助设备便可以实现臂架01的维修。
根据本申请的一些实施例，配合件可以为孔、槽、凸起或挡板等结构，本申请在此不做特殊限定，只要第一定位件023可以与配合件配合以实现臂架01与转台02之间的固定即可。例如，配合件为设置在臂架01上的挡板，在工作状态，第一定位件023止抵在挡板上从而限制臂架01的高度降低；在非工作状态，第一定位件023被拔出，臂架01可以相对于转台02实现高度的降低。
如图7所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，配合件为配合孔011，如图8所示，在工作状态下，第一定位件023穿设在定位孔021和配合孔011内；如图7所示，在非工作状态下，第一定位件023脱离配合孔011。这样，第一定位件023配合在定位孔021和配合孔011内时，臂架01与转台02之间的固定状态更加稳定，避免臂架01在工作状态下出现转动等故障情况，结构稳定性更强。
在一些实施例中，定位孔021和配合孔011的数量可以为一个、两个或者多个，并且，配合孔011的位置可以设在臂架01的前端、后端或者中部等位置，本申请对于上述定位孔021和配合孔011的数量和设置位置不做特殊限定，只要定位孔021和配合孔011位置相对应即可。
在本申请的一个实施例中，定位孔021、配合孔011和第一定位件023的数量均为多个，且定位孔021、配合孔011和第一定位件023分别一一对应。对应地，第一定位件023的数量也为多个，在工作状态下，多个第一定位件023分别一一对应地穿设在多个定位孔021和多个配合孔011内，这样，在臂架01吊运重物的过程中，吊机的结构稳定性更强，进一步避免出现臂架01转动等故障情况。
在一个实施例中，在定位孔021和/或配合孔011为多个的情况下，吊机还可以通过不同的定位孔021和配合孔011之间的配合来实现臂架01高度的多级调节过程。
此外，当吊机从工作状态切换到非工作状态后，维修人员还可以重新将第一定位件023插回到定位孔021和配合孔011内，从而实现臂架01在维修高度 下的固定。
如图8所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，臂架01和转台02之间还设有限制件，在非工作状态下，限制件适于限制臂架01继续向下转动。这样，臂架01下降至维修高度后实现固定，保证维修员在维修过程中的安全性，避免臂架01在维修过程中下落以对维修员造成人身危险。
在一些实施例中，限制件可以为连接臂架01和转台02的绳索；或者，限制件也可以包括两个相互配合的限位件4，一个限位件4固定在臂架01上，另一个限位件4固定在转台02上，例如两个限位件4分别为两个相互配合的限位凸起，在臂架01下降到维修高度时，两个限位凸起相互止抵从而限制臂架01的继续下落。限制件还可以是一种拉杆结构或伸缩套筒结构，以达到限制臂架01下降位置的目的。
如图7和图8所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，限制件包括限位绳索024，限位绳索024的一端连接在臂架01上，另一端连接在转台02上。如图8所示，在工作状态下，限位绳索024处于松弛状态；如图7所示，在非工作状态下，限位绳索024处于拉紧状态。
在本实施例中，工作状态下的限位绳索024处于松弛状态，因此当解除臂架01的固定后，臂架01可以相对于转台02转动以实现位置降低，在臂架01降低到合适的高度后，限位绳索024被拉紧，从而臂架01无法继续向下转动，进而臂架01被限制在该维修高度以方便维修员的维修。例如，限位绳索024可以为吊绳04、尼龙绳等绳索。
在本申请的一个实施例中，限位绳索024的数量为多个，在非工作状态下，多个限位绳索024沿臂架01的宽度方向间隔分布。其中，上述臂架01的宽度方向指的是从转台02的一个安装板022指向另一个安装板022的方向。这样，在非工作状态下，多个限位绳索024可以同时对臂架01起到拉紧的作用，保证臂架01在非工作状态下的稳定性，避免在维修过程中出现臂架01掉落等故障问题。
当然，上述实施例仅为本申请众多实施例中的一些，并不构成对于本申请限制件的具体限制，限制件还可以采取其他结构来实现臂架01的限位。
如图7所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，臂架01的安装端013与转台02之间通过卷扬部件连接，卷扬部件包括吊绳04，吊绳04的末端安装在臂架01的工作端012，且吊绳04的末端连接有吊钩06。例如，卷扬部件包括卷筒21(图 中未示出)和驱动卷筒21运动的电机(图中未示出)，吊绳04缠绕在卷筒21上，臂架01和转台02通过卷筒21的连接同时实现吊绳04的收放功能和两者之间的可转动功能。
如图7所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，配合件设在臂架01的安装端013上。例如，臂架01的一端为工作端012，工作端012下方的勾头用于吊运货物，臂架01的另一端为安装端013，安装端013与转台02转动连接，配合件设在臂架01的安装端013一侧，这样，避免配合件与其他部件之间产生干扰，并且保证工作状态下第一定位件023和配合件的稳定配合。
如图8所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，转台02包括相对设置的两个安装板022，臂架01安装在两个安装板022之间，每个安装板022上均设有位置相对应的定位孔021。这样，通过臂架01两侧的两个安装板022可以实现臂架01的稳定安装，并且在正常工作状态下，第一定位件023穿设在两侧的定位孔021中并与配合件配合，使得臂架01与转台02在固定时的结构更加稳固牢靠。
如图9和图10所示，根据本申请实施例的吊机，还包括安装座03。
转台02的一端可转动地安装在安装座03上，转台02的另一端适于连接臂架01，安装座03和转台02之间还设有第二定位件027，第二定位件027可拆卸地安装在安装座03和转台02上，以适于使得转台02在非工作状态和工作状态之间切换。
在非工作状态，第二定位件027安装在安装座03和转台02上，以限制转台02的转动；在工作状态，安装座03和转台02中的至少一个与第二定位件027拆卸，以解除对转台02的限位。
根据本申请实施例的吊机，当臂架01处于非工作状态时，第二定位件027固定在安装座03和转台02之间，此时转台02相对于安装座03的转动被第二定位件027限制，可以将转台02锁止在安装座03上，从而避免转台02和臂架01在风载作用下移动，避免转台02和臂架01在长时间停机时发生不必要的转动。
如图9和图10所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，安装座03和转台02之间设有回转系统7，回转系统7包括回转电机71和回转支承72，回转支承72包括相互啮合的蜗轮和蜗杆。
在相关技术中，海上平台吊机，在非工作状态下，且长时间停机时，为防止臂架在风载作用下的摆动，只依靠回转机构的蜗轮蜗杆结构的自锁功能进行限 制。风载长时间的作用将造成蜗轮蜗杆的严重磨损并增大其配合间隙，严重影响了自锁效果，并且降低了回转机构的使用寿命。
如图9和图10所示，为了解决上述技术问题，本申请的海上平台吊机中设置了相对于转台02和安装座03可拆卸的第二定位件027。这样，当吊机的臂架01长时间停机或者处于非工作状态时，操作员可以将第二定位件027安装在转台02和安装座03上，从而对转台02起到锁止效果，不仅锁止效果较好，还可以避免臂架01在风载作用下的摆动，减小回转机构内蜗轮蜗杆结构的磨损程度，回转机构受到保护且使用寿命延长。
如图9和图10所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，转台02上设有第一限位孔0251，安装座03上设有第二限位孔0311，第一限位孔0251的位置和第二限位孔0311的位置相对应。
在非工作状态，第二定位件027穿设在第一限位孔0251和第二限位孔0311内；在工作状态，第二定位件027脱离第一限位孔0251和第二限位孔0311中的至少一个。
在本实施例中，其具体工作过程如下：当臂架01处于正常工作状态下，转台02需要带动臂架01做回转运动，此时转台02与安装座03之间应处于可转动的状态。第二定位件027从第一限位孔0251和第二限位孔0311内被拔出，使得转台02可以正常移动。
当臂架01处于非工作状态或者长时间停机状态时，操作员将第二定位件027插入到第一限位孔0251和第二限位孔0311内，使得第二定位件027限制转台02的转动，从而将转台02固定在安装座03上，避免在风载作用下臂架01和转台02的随意转动。
这样，通过第二定位件027、第一限位孔0251和第二限位孔0311之间的配合，实现了转台02在非工作状态下的固定，并且可以直接在现有吊机结构的基础上进行改进，无需增设更多的零件，结构简单且改装方便。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第二定位件027可以为螺栓，对应地，第一限位孔0251和第二限位孔0311可以为螺纹孔；或者，第二定位件027可以为销轴等零件，本申请对于第二定位件027的具体结构不做特殊限定，只要，第二定位件027可以配合于第一限位孔0251和第二限位孔0311即可。
如图9和图10所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，转台02的邻近安装座03 的一端设有第一锁止板025，第一限位孔0251位于第一锁止板025上；安装座03的邻近转台02的一端设有第二锁止板031，第二限位孔0311位于第二锁止板031上。
这样，通过设置第一锁止板025和第二锁止板031，可以方便操作员对第二定位件027进行拆卸或者安装。例如，转台02设在安装座03的上方，转台02的下端设有水平向外延伸的第一锁止板025，安装座03的上端设有水平向外延伸的第二锁止板031，第一锁止板025和第二锁止板031平行且相对设置。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一限位孔0251的数量可以为一个、两个或者多个，并且第二限位孔0311的数量也可以为一个、两个或者多个，本申请在此不做特殊限定。
在本申请的一个实施例中，转台02上设有至少两个第一限位孔0251，所有第一限位孔0251沿转台02的转动方向间隔分布。安装座03上设有一个第二限位孔0311。在本实施例中，操作员可以通过将第二定位件027穿设到不同的第一限位孔0251内，从而实现转台02在不同转动位置的固定。
在本申请的另一个实施例中，安装座03上设有至少两个第二限位孔0311，所有第二限位孔0311沿转台02的转动方向间隔设置。转台02上设有一个第一限位孔0251。在本实施例中，操作员可以通过将第二定位件027穿设到不同的第二限位孔0311内，从而实现转台02在不同转动位置的固定。
在本申请的又一个实施例中，安装座03上设有至少两个第二限位孔0311，所有第二限位孔0311沿转台02的转动方向间隔设置。转台02上设有至少两个第一限位孔0251，所有第一限位孔0251沿转台02的转动方向间隔分布。在本实施例中，一方面，操作员可以通过将第二定位件027穿设到不同的第一限位孔0251和不同的第二限位孔0311内，从而实现转台02在不同转动位置的固定；另一方面，在非工作状态下，操作员可以将多个第二定位件027分别插入对应的第一限定孔和第二限位孔0311内，这样，通过多点位的限位，可以实现转台02的进一步固定，增加结构在非工作状态下的稳定性。
根据本申请的一个实施例，转台02或安装座03上设有装配件，在第二定位件027脱离第一限位孔0251和第二限位孔0311的情况下，第二定位件027适于配合在装配件上。
这样，当第二定位件027从第一限位孔0251和第二限位孔0311内被拔出 时，为避免第二定位件027的丢失，操作员可以将第二定位件027配合在装配件上，从而方便第二定位件027的下一次使用。
在一些实施例中，装配件可以为套环、容置槽、磁吸件或粘接件等结构，本申请在此不做特殊限定，只要第二定位件027可以配合到装配件上即可。
如图9和图10所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，装配件为装配环026，装配环026设在转台02的外表面上。这样，当第二定位件027从第一限位孔0251和第二限位孔0311内被拔出时，第二定位件027可以被放入装配环026内，从而避免第二定位件027的丢失。
请结合参照图13，吊机还包括吊钩06、吊绳04及护罩组件，转台02可转动地设于安装座03；臂架01设于转台02，以跟随转台02转动；吊钩06设于臂架01远离转台02的一端；吊绳04的一端连接转台02，吊绳04的另一端沿臂架01的延伸方向延伸，并连接至吊钩06；护罩组件包括回转护罩101、出绳口护罩102、绳护罩103、臂头护罩104，回转护罩101罩盖于转台02和安装座03的连接处，出绳口护罩102连接于臂架01，并罩盖于转台02的出绳口100处，绳护罩103连接于臂架01，并罩盖于吊绳04沿臂架01延伸的部分，臂头护罩104连接于臂架01，并罩盖于臂架01远离转台02的一端。
根据本申请实施例的吊机，通过转台02转动安装于安装座03，以带动臂架01转动，从而调整臂架01上的吊钩06的位置，以实现物料的转运。吊绳04通过在转台02内引出，经过臂架01延伸至臂架01的臂头位置与吊钩06连接，从而便于对物料吊装进行转运。同时，转台02与安装座03之间套设有回转护罩101，以进行防护；在臂架01与转台02的连接位置处设置出绳口护罩102，从而对转台02的出绳口100进行防护；吊绳04在臂架01外延伸，由绳护罩103罩盖吊绳04，以对吊绳04进行防护；在臂架01远离转台02的一端设置臂头护罩104，即对吊绳04与吊钩06的拐角连接处进行防护。如此，通过护罩组件分段式对各部件进行防护，以降低海洋大气环境对各部件的侵蚀，从而节省维护成本，延长各部件的使用寿命。
可以理解的，回转护罩101呈套筒状，以完全包覆转台02和安装座03的连接处，避免雨水侵入。出绳口护罩102罩盖于臂架01与转台02的连接处，以罩盖出绳口100，避免雨水或海洋大气侵入。绳护罩103的截面呈C字形，以扣盖在臂架01，从而罩盖在臂架01延伸的吊绳04。可以理解的，吊绳04通过滑 轮与吊钩06连接，滑轮装设于臂架01的臂头位置处，以导向吊绳04，吊钩06连接在吊绳04上，为了避免滑轮直接暴露在海洋大气环境中，通过臂头护罩104罩盖于臂架01远离转台02的一端，即臂头位置处，以形成防护。如此，通过分段式防护结构，对海上平台吊机的各部件进行防护，且分段式的防护结构不会影响海上平台吊机的正常运转，降低了海洋大气环境对各部件的侵蚀，从而节省维护成本，延长各部件的使用寿命。
请结合参照图14和图15，根据本申请的一个实施例，吊机还包括纠偏装置105，纠偏装置105包括V型凹块106和V型凸块107，V型凹块106设于转台02邻近臂架01的一侧，V型凹块106面向转台02的一侧设有V型槽；V型凸块107设于臂架01邻近转台02的一端，V型凸块107面向V型凹块106的一侧设有V型凸起，V型凸起在臂架01相对于转台02转动时逐渐限位于V型槽内或远离V型槽。
本实施例中，现有海上平台吊机在臂架01降低进行维护保养后，通过卷扬吊绳04使臂架01旋转至正常工作状态下时，臂架01中心与转台02中心存在偏斜现象，增加了臂架01与转台02连接销轴的安装难度。为此，设置V型凹块106和V型凸块107对臂架01进行纠偏。可以理解的，纠偏装置105在海上平台吊机正常工作状态下，首先逆时针旋转安装在专用螺栓安装板110上的专用螺栓1100(专用螺栓安装板110焊接在转台02上)，使与之通过轴用挡圈108连接在一起的V型凹块106沿滑移板109向上运动，直到V型凹块106安装在臂架01上的V型凸块107的V型面紧贴为止，此时V型凹块106位置即为臂架01限位位置。然后拔出臂架01与转台02的连接销轴，再通过吊机的臂架01降低功能使臂架01降低进行维护保养；维护保养工作完成后，臂架01通过卷扬吊绳04施加的拉力而升起，当V型凸块107缓缓落入V型凹块106中时，吊绳04的拉力将会使得V型凸起逐渐限位于V型槽内，使得两者的V型面逐渐相互紧贴，进而实现臂架01中心与转台02中心的纠偏及臂架01的限位。如此，通过纠偏装置105，解决了当海上平台吊机由维护保养状态到正常工作状态过程中的臂架01偏斜现象，降低了臂架01与转台02连接销轴的安装难度。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请的吊机的一个具体实施例。
如图1至图15所示，吊机包括臂架01、防松绳保护装置6、转台02、回转系统7、安装座03、电控箱81、卷扬装置07、泛光灯82、吊杆83、吊钩06、 吊绳04、声光报警器84、起升高度限制器85、无线遥控器9、纠偏装置105、回转护罩101、出绳口护罩102、绳护罩103和臂头护罩104。
如图6至图11所示，臂架01是整个吊机的承载梁，为箱型结构。防松绳保护装置6安装在臂架01上，当吊绳04松弛时，防松绳保护装置6触发，卷筒21停止放绳。转台02是连接臂架01与回转系统7的支撑件，吊机内部其采用双铰点连接形式(包括第一定位件023和卷扬装置07)，将臂架01分别由第一定位件023和卷扬装置07销接于转台02上。
如图9和图10所示，回转系统7由回转支承72和回转电机71组成，主要用于驱动臂架01的旋转，将物料准确定位至存储区。回转系统7在断电情况下可以手动回转。当吊机停机长时间不使用时，利用第二定位件027将转台02与安装座03销接在一起，防止其在风载下摆动。
安装座03作为整机的支撑部件以承受压应力，安装座03为立柱且采用无缝钢管制作，从而连接吊机与平台本体。如图6和图12所示，电控箱81和无线遥控器9组成海上平台吊机的电气控制系统，控制吊机的上升下降以及回转功能。电控箱81中设置有湿度传感器、加热器和加热控制器，湿度传感器连接加热控制器，加热控制器通过控制开关连接加热器。通过湿度传感器检测电控箱81内的湿度，并将该湿度的数值反馈至加热控制器，加热控制器将该湿度数值与预先设定好的湿度数值进行比较，进而控制控制开关的通断，以实现控制加热器的工作状态(加热与停止加热)，进而达到防止电控箱81内形成冷凝水。
如图6所示，在光线不足情况下，泛光灯82为操作吊机的过程提供足够的照明。吊机设有两个吊杆83，一个是作为救援吊杆83以用于紧急情况下疏散臂架01端部附近的人员，另一个是锚点吊杆83，以用于在本吊机发生故障时，悬挂其他起重装备实施临时升降物品。吊钩06连接有配重，用于悬挂物料。声光报警灯安装在转台02上，声光报警灯主要用于自动过载保护系统(AOPS)触发时的报警。
如图7和图8所示。吊机进行维修的具体实施过程为：操作员通过卷扬装置07的起升带动吊钩06向上运行，在将吊绳04拉紧后，将连接臂架01和转台02的第一定位件023拔出，再通过卷扬部件的下降使臂架01绕转轴降低至可维护位置。
如图1至图6所示，卷扬装置07是海上平台吊机的起升下降驱动系统，卷 扬装置07包括动力部件(包括驱动电机11和制动器12)、离心限速器3、限位件4、内置减速机的卷筒21和安装壳5。卷扬装置07主要用于通过吊绳04驱动吊钩06起升及下降物料，卷扬装置07还包括起升高度限制器85，起升高度限制器85是吊机在起升下降过程中的位置控制元件。
卷筒21的旋转轴22和驱动电机11的驱动端111通过传动套筒23连接，安装壳5分别连接卷筒21和驱动电机11的机体，并且安装壳5将传动套筒23、离心限速器3、限位件4、旋转轴22和驱动端111等零件包围在安装空间51内。
离心限速器3和限位件4套设在传动套筒23外，离心限速器3位于限位件4的右侧，限位件4的左侧设有弹簧(即第一弹性复位件24)，第一弹性复位件24分别连接限位件4和驱动电机11的机体。
限位件4包括第一套环41和第二套环42，第一套环41可滑动地套设在传动套筒23外并与传动套筒23传动连接，第一套环41上设有插杆43。第二套环42与第一套环41可转动连接，第二套环42上设有拉杆44，拉杆44与制动器12上的制动手柄121传动连接。
离心限速器3包括甩块32和传动轴31，安装壳5的内壁构成离心限速器3的限速件，甩块32通过与安装壳5的内壁之间的摩擦实现限速功能。甩块32上设有插孔321。
吊机实现手动紧急降载的实施过程如下：操作员通过向电机尾部的方向扳动制动手柄121，使得与其相连接的拉杆44带动限位件4沿着传动套筒23进行滑动，进而使限位件4的插杆43脱离甩块32的插孔321，同时，操作员手动下降制动手柄121以将电机制动器12打开，此时物料做下降运动，并通过吊绳04(即吊绳04)带动卷筒21转动，当卷筒21达到设定速度后，离心限速器3的甩块32甩出并与安装壳5内壁发生摩擦，从而实现限速。当物料下降到平台或运输船上时，操作员松开手动制动手柄121，弹簧将限位件4和拉杆44恢复到初始位置，此时插杆43插入插孔321中，使吊机在正常运行时离心限速器3不会打开，进而吊机不受离心限速器3打开时限定速度的影响。
如图16所示，根据本申请第三方面实施例的基于上述第二方面所述的吊机的控制方法，包括：
步骤100，确定所述吊机出现故障，并确定所述臂架01悬挂有物料，控制所述制动器12关闭；
步骤200，确定所述物料需要下放，控制所述限位件4切换至所述闲置状态，以使得所述限位部脱离所述配合部。
根据本申请实施例的吊机的控制方法，当物料吊运到半空中突然出现断电或吊机故障时，通过关闭制动器12实现物料的继续下落，并通过移动限位件4解除对甩块32的限制，使得物料在下落达到设定值时可以通过离心限速器3实现控速，从而物料能够以可控速度下降至平台或运输船上。
根据本申请的一个实施例，在控制所述制动器关闭的步骤中：拉动所述制动手柄121以关闭所述制动器12。
根据本申请的一个实施例，在所述控制所述限位件4切换至所述闲置状态的步骤中：朝向远离所述离心限速器3的方向拉动所述制动手柄121以带动所述拉杆44移动，并带动所述限位件4远离所述离心限速器3的方向滑动。
根据本申请的一个实施例，吊机的控制方法还包括：
确定所述物料下落完成，控制所述限位件4切换至限位状态。
需要说明的是，本申请提出的吊机的控制方法，不仅仅可以依托于控制器自动实现，还可以通过操作员的手动控制来实现。
本申请还保护一种吊机的控制装置，包括：
第一控制模块，用于确定所述吊机出现故障，并确定所述臂架01悬挂有物料，控制所述制动器12关闭；
第二控制模块，确定所述物料需要下放，控制所述限位件4切换至所述闲置状态，以使得所述限位部脱离所述配合部。
本申请还保护一种海上平台，其中，海上平台包括上述第二方面实施例所描述的吊机和平台本体，吊机通过安装座03安装于平台本体。
图17示例了一种电子设备的实体结构示意图，如图17所示，该电子设备可以包括：处理器(processor)810、通信接口(Communications Interface)820、存储器(memory)830和通信总线840，其中，处理器810，通信接口820，存储器830通过通信总线840完成相互间的通信。处理器810可以调用存储器830中的逻辑指令，以执行本申请第三方面实施例的吊机的控制方法。
此外，上述的存储器830中的逻辑指令可以通过软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者 该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
进一步地，本申请实施例公开一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括存储在非暂态计算机可读存储介质上的计算机程序，所述计算机程序包括程序指令，当所述程序指令被计算机执行时，计算机能够执行上述各方法实施例所提供的方法，例如包括本申请第三方面实施例的吊机的控制方法。
另一方面，本申请实施例还提供一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现以执行上述各实施例提供的传输方法，例如包括本申请第三方面实施例的吊机的控制方法。
以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性的劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到各实施方式可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现，当然也可以通过硬件。基于这样的理解，上述技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘等，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行各个实施例或者实施例的某些部分所述的方法。
以上实施方式仅用于说明本申请，而非对本申请的限制。尽管参照实施例对本申请进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，对本申请的技术方案进行各种组合、修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本申请技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求范围中。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种吊机的卷扬装置，其特征在于，包括：
    驱动电机、制动器、卷筒和离心限速器，所述卷筒分别与所述驱动电机和所述离心限速器传动连接；
    限位件，所述限位件相对于所述离心限速器可移动以在限位状态和闲置状态之间切换；在所述限位状态，所述限位件与所述离心限速器相互配合，所述驱动电机驱动所述卷筒旋转；在所述闲置状态，所述限位件与所述离心限速器脱离配合，之后释放所述制动器，使得物料在其自身重力作用下做下降运动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的吊机的卷扬装置，其特征在于，所述离心限速器包括传动轴、甩块和限速件，所述传动轴与所述卷筒的旋转轴连接，在所述限位状态，所述限位件与所述甩块相互配合，以限制所述甩块的甩出；在所述闲置状态，所述限位件与所述甩块脱离配合，利用甩出的所述甩块与所述限速件之间的摩擦作用以限制所述卷筒的转速。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的吊机的卷扬装置，其特征在于，所述驱动电机与所述卷筒通过传动套筒传动连接，所述限位件可滑动地套设在所述传动套筒外，且所述传动轴固定套设在所述传动套筒外；
    所述限位件设有限位部，所述甩块设有配合部，所述限位部和所述配合部相对设置，所述限位件适于沿着所述传动套筒的长度方向滑动，以带动所述限位部脱离或者配合于所述配合部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的吊机的卷扬装置，其特征在于，所述限位部和所述配合部中的一个为插杆，所述限位部和所述配合部中的另一个为插孔；
    在所述限位状态下，所述插杆插接在所述插孔内；在所述闲置状态，所述插杆脱离所述插孔。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的吊机的卷扬装置，其特征在于，所述限位件包括第一套环和第二套环，所述第一套环可滑动地套设在所述传动套筒外并与所述传动套筒传动连接，所述第一套环上设有所述限位部；
    所述第二套环可转动地套设在所述第一套环外，所述第二套环上设有拉杆，所述拉杆适于带动所述限位件滑动以在所述限位状态和所述闲置状态之间切换。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的吊机的卷扬装置，其特征在于，所述制动器设有制 动手柄，所述拉杆与所述制动手柄传动连接。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的吊机的卷扬装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    第一弹性复位件，与所述限位件连接，所述第一弹性复位件适于为所述限位件提供复位至所述限位状态的作用力。
  8. 根据权利要求3至7中任一项所述的吊机的卷扬装置，其特征在于，所述驱动电机的机体和所述卷筒之间连接有安装壳，所述安装壳的相对于所述甩块的部分内壁构成所述限速件。
  9. 根据权利要求3至6中任一项所述的吊机的卷扬装置，其特征在于，所述离心限速器包括至少两个所述甩块，每两个相邻的所述甩块之间均设有第二弹性复位件；
    每个所述甩块均设有所述配合部，所述限位件上设有至少两个所述限位部，每个所述配合部均对应一个所述限位部。
  10. 一种吊机，其特征在于，包括：
    臂架和转台，所述臂架可转动地安装于所述转台；
    如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的吊机的卷扬装置，安装于所述臂架，其中，在所述物料的下降速度达到设定速度时，所述离心限速器控制所述卷筒减速。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的吊机，其特征在于，所述转台可拆卸地穿设有第一定位件，所述臂架设有配合件，所述臂架适于相对于所述转台转动以在工作状态和非工作状态之间切换；
    在所述工作状态，所述第一定位件与所述配合件配合以固定所述臂架；在所述非工作状态，所述第一定位件与所述配合件脱离配合以解除所述臂架的固定，且所述臂架在所述非工作状态下的高度低于所述臂架在所述工作状态下的高度。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的吊机，其特征在于，所述转台设有定位孔，所述定位孔内可拆卸地穿设有所述第一定位件。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的吊机，其特征在于，所述配合件为配合孔，在所述工作状态下，所述第一定位件穿设在所述定位孔和所述配合孔内；在所述非工作状态下，所述第一定位件脱离所述配合孔。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的吊机，其特征在于，所述臂架和转台之间还设有限位绳索，限位绳索的一端连接在所述臂架上，另一端连接在所述转台上；
    在所述工作状态下，所述限位绳索处于松弛状态；在所述非工作状态下，所 述限位绳索处于拉紧状态；
    或者，在所述臂架和转台之间还设有拉杆结构或伸缩套筒结构，以限制臂架下降的位置。
  15. 根据权利要求12至13中任一项所述的吊机，其特征在于，所述转台包括相对设置的两个安装板，所述臂架安装在两个所述安装板之间，每个所述安装板上均设有位置相对应的所述定位孔。
  16. 根据权利要求10所述的吊机，其特征在于，还包括：
    安装座，所述转台的底端可转动地安装在所述安装座上，所述安装座和所述转台之间还设有第二定位件，所述第二定位件可拆卸地安装在所述安装座和所述转台上，以适于使得所述转台在非工作状态和工作状态之间切换；
    在所述非工作状态，所述第二定位件安装在所述安装座和所述转台上，以限制所述转台的转动；在所述工作状态，所述安装座和所述转台中的至少一个与所述第二定位件拆卸，以解除对所述转台的限位。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的吊机，其特征在于，所述第二定位件的一端通过第二锁止板安装于所述安装座上，所述第二定位件的另一端通过第一锁止板安装于所述转台上。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的吊机，其特征在于，所述第一锁止板上设有第一限位孔，所述第二锁止板上设有第二限位孔；
    在所述非工作状态，所述第二定位件穿设在所述第一限位孔和所述第二限位孔内；在所述工作状态，所述第二定位件脱离所述第一限位孔和所述第二限位孔中的至少一个。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的吊机，其特征在于，当所述第一锁止板设置的第一限位孔的数量为多个时，多个所述第一限位孔沿所述转台的转动方向在所述第一锁止板上间隔分布。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的吊机，其特征在于，当所述第二锁止板设置的第二限位孔的数量为多个时，多个所述第二限位孔沿所述转台的转动方向在所述第二锁止板上间隔设置。
  21. 根据权利要求17所述的吊机，其特征在于，所述第一锁止板设有套环，所述套环设在所述第一锁止板的外表面，在所述第二定位件从所述安装座和所述转台上拆卸的情况下，所述第二定位件适于配合在所述套环上。
  22. 根据权利要求10所述的吊机，还包括：
    钩头组件，所述钩头组件设于所述臂架远离所述转台的一端；
    吊绳，所述吊绳的一端连接所述转台，所述吊绳的另一端沿所述臂架的延伸方向延伸，并连接至所述钩头组件；
    护罩组件，所述护罩组件包括回转护罩、出绳口护罩、绳护罩、臂头护罩，所述回转护罩罩盖于所述转台和所述安装座的连接处，所述出绳口护罩连接于所述臂架，并罩盖于所述转台的出绳口处，所述绳护罩连接于所述臂架，并罩盖于所述吊绳沿所述臂架延伸的部分，所述臂头护罩连接于所述臂架，并罩盖于所述臂架远离所述转台的一端。
  23. 根据权利要求10所述的吊机，其特征在于，还包括纠偏装置，所述纠偏装置包括：
    V型凹块，所述V型凹块设于所述转台邻近所述臂架的一侧，所述V型凹块面向所述转台的一侧设有V型槽；
    V型凸块，所述V型凸块设于所述臂架邻近所述转台的一端，所述V型凸块面向所述V型凹块的一侧设有V型凸起，所述V型凸起在所述臂架相对于所述转台转动时逐渐限位于所述V型槽内或远离所述V型槽。
  24. 一种基于上述权利要求10至23中任一项所述的吊机的控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    确定所述吊机出现故障，并确定所述臂架悬挂有物料，控制所述制动器关闭；
    确定所述物料需要下放，控制所述限位件切换至所述闲置状态，以使得限位部脱离配合部。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的吊机的控制方法，其特征在于，在控制所述限位件切换至所述闲置状态的步骤中：朝向远离所述离心限速器的方向拉动制动手柄以带动拉杆移动，并带动所述限位件远离所述离心限速器的方向滑动。
  26. 一种海上平台，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求10至23中任一项所述的吊机；
    平台本体，所述吊机安装于所述平台本体。
PCT/CN2023/096443 2022-05-27 2023-05-26 吊机的卷扬装置、吊机、吊机的控制方法和海上平台 WO2023227091A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (16)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202221328966.4U CN217676473U (zh) 2022-05-27 2022-05-27 吊机的臂架组件和吊机
CN202210594905.0A CN114940444A (zh) 2022-05-27 2022-05-27 海上平台吊机和海上平台
CN202221345173.3U CN217458588U (zh) 2022-05-27 2022-05-27 臂架的固定装置、臂架组件和吊机
CN202210600269.8A CN114852884A (zh) 2022-05-27 2022-05-27 海上平台吊机及其控制方法和海上平台
CN202221314920.7 2022-05-27
CN202221345173.3 2022-05-27
CN202210600269.8 2022-05-27
CN202221328966.4 2022-05-27
CN202221314920.7U CN217676547U (zh) 2022-05-27 2022-05-27 吊机的卷扬装置和吊机
CN202210594905.0 2022-05-27
CN202211714738.5A CN115872299A (zh) 2022-12-29 2022-12-29 海上平台吊机和海上平台
CN202211714738.5 2022-12-29
CN202223534703.1 2022-12-29
CN202223548115.3U CN218968712U (zh) 2022-12-29 2022-12-29 海上平台吊机和海上平台
CN202223548115.3 2022-12-29
CN202223534703.1U CN218968724U (zh) 2022-12-29 2022-12-29 臂架纠偏装置、起重组件和起重机

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023227091A1 true WO2023227091A1 (zh) 2023-11-30

Family

ID=88918493

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2023/096443 WO2023227091A1 (zh) 2022-05-27 2023-05-26 吊机的卷扬装置、吊机、吊机的控制方法和海上平台

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2023227091A1 (zh)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190218777A (en) * 1902-08-26 1903-02-19 Albert Thode Improvements in and relating to Trolley Holders for Overhead Electrical Conductor Systems
CN204508522U (zh) * 2015-04-12 2015-07-29 中际联合（北京）科技股份有限公司 一种塔筒齿轮齿条式升降机的提升系统
CN108046151A (zh) * 2017-12-21 2018-05-18 泰华伟业科技有限责任公司 自动限速变阻尼器
CN114940444A (zh) * 2022-05-27 2022-08-26 中际联合（北京）科技股份有限公司 海上平台吊机和海上平台

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190218777A (en) * 1902-08-26 1903-02-19 Albert Thode Improvements in and relating to Trolley Holders for Overhead Electrical Conductor Systems
CN204508522U (zh) * 2015-04-12 2015-07-29 中际联合（北京）科技股份有限公司 一种塔筒齿轮齿条式升降机的提升系统
CN108046151A (zh) * 2017-12-21 2018-05-18 泰华伟业科技有限责任公司 自动限速变阻尼器
CN114940444A (zh) * 2022-05-27 2022-08-26 中际联合（北京）科技股份有限公司 海上平台吊机和海上平台

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN110271936B (zh) 一种限速器远程触发复位机构
US3759346A (en) Multipurpose device for moving persons or loads over a height difference
US5263660A (en) Anti-two block device
EP4050245A1 (en) Device gate for nuclear power plant
CN114940444A (zh) 海上平台吊机和海上平台
CN112249923A (zh) 一种建筑施工用楼顶架吊机
WO2023227091A1 (zh) 吊机的卷扬装置、吊机、吊机的控制方法和海上平台
CN113003445A (zh) 动臂塔式起重机防后倾结构
CN210370326U (zh) 一种风机塔筒平台盖板自动开启、关闭的装置
CN217894865U (zh) 一种新型圆状环形吊索
CN112299238A (zh) 核电厂退役上部堆内构件吊装工具
CN215326550U (zh) 一种海上风电专用起重机
GB2025350A (en) Escape system
CN211946060U (zh) 防爆起重机柔性摩擦制动装置
CN214167160U (zh) 遥控移动吊放设备和系统
EP3835572B1 (en) Assembly and method for preventing exposure of personnel to an opening defined by a surface of a wind turbine
US11795037B2 (en) Overhead travelling crane assembly
CN220316991U (zh) 一种可防止电缆被拉断的电缆臂
JP2008074498A (ja) ジブクレーン
KR200308840Y1 (ko) 승강용 안전장치
CN114875797B (zh) 一种上承式可自动升降的桥墩高空施工防坠装置
CN216303116U (zh) 一种塔式起重机自卸配重装置
CN213171247U (zh) 一种新型内置外控式离合器装置
JPH07137991A (ja) ワイヤロープの巻上げ装置
CN219429590U (zh) 一种防坠落慢速卷扬机

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 23811161

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1