WO2023221239A1 - 光学模组以及头戴显示设备 - Google Patents

光学模组以及头戴显示设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023221239A1
WO2023221239A1 PCT/CN2022/101448 CN2022101448W WO2023221239A1 WO 2023221239 A1 WO2023221239 A1 WO 2023221239A1 CN 2022101448 W CN2022101448 W CN 2022101448W WO 2023221239 A1 WO2023221239 A1 WO 2023221239A1
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Prior art keywords
lens
optical module
display
light
module according
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PCT/CN2022/101448
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
史柴源
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歌尔光学科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023221239A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023221239A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of near-eye display imaging technology, and more specifically, the embodiments of the present application relate to an optical module and a head-mounted display device.
  • augmented reality Augmented Reality
  • virtual reality Virtual Reality, VR
  • the core components of augmented reality technology and virtual reality technology are optical modules.
  • the quality of the display effect of the optical module will directly determine the quality of the smart wearable device.
  • the incident angle is too large. At this time, there will be some angles that cannot be covered by the luminous angle of the screen itself, which will lead to a reduction in light efficiency and affect the final imaging quality of the optical module.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a new technical solution for an optical module and a head-mounted display device.
  • the present application provides an optical module, which includes a display, a spectroscopic element, a first phase retarder, and a polarizing reflective element, wherein the first phase retarder is located between the spectroscopic element and the polarizing reflective element. between the polarized reflective elements;
  • the optical module also includes a first lens and a second lens arranged in sequence, the first lens is located between the display and the light splitting element, and the second lens is located between the light splitting element and the display. one side;
  • the ratio of the difference between the optically effective diameter D 2 of the spectroscopic element and the height D 1 of the effective display area of the display to the distance T from the spectroscopic element to the display is 2 to 6.
  • the ratio of the difference between the optically effective diameter D 2 of the spectroscopic element and the height D 1 of the effective display area of the display to the distance T from the spectroscopic element to the display is 2.9 to 4.2.
  • the size of the display ranges from 1.0in to 2.1in.
  • the angle at which light is incident on the light splitting element is ⁇ 65°.
  • the optical module further includes a third lens, the second lens is located between the first lens and the third lens;
  • the first phase retarder and the polarization reflective element are provided on either side of the third lens.
  • the central thickness T 1 of the first lens is 2 mm ⁇ T 1 ⁇ 5 mm;
  • the first lens includes a first surface and a second surface, and both the first surface and the second surface are aspherical.
  • the optical power of the first lens is positive, and the optical power satisfy:
  • the diameter D of the third lens satisfies: D 1 ⁇ D ⁇ D 2 .
  • the second lens includes a third surface and a fourth surface, the third surface is an aspheric surface, and the fourth surface is a plane or an aspheric surface;
  • the third lens includes a fifth surface and a sixth surface, and both the fifth surface and the sixth surface are aspherical surfaces;
  • the fourth surface and the fifth surface are arranged adjacent to each other.
  • the light splitting element is located on one side of the third surface
  • the first phase retarder and the polarization reflective element are sequentially disposed between the fourth surface and the sixth surface.
  • the optical module further includes a polarizing film located between the polarizing reflective element and the sixth surface.
  • the spectroscopic element is attached to the third surface
  • the first phase retarder is attached to the fourth surface
  • the polarizing reflective element and the polarizing film are stacked to form a film layer structure and attached to the sixth surface.
  • the refractive index n of the first lens, the second lens and the third lens is: 1.4 ⁇ n ⁇ 1.7;
  • the dispersion coefficient v of the first lens, the second lens and the third lens is: 20 ⁇ v ⁇ 75.
  • the reflectivity of the light splitting element is 47% to 53%.
  • the light exit surface of the display is configured to emit circularly polarized light or linearly polarized light
  • a second phase retarder is disposed between the light exit surface of the display and the first lens, and the second phase retarder is used to polarize the linearly polarized light.
  • the light is converted into circularly polarized light.
  • this application provides a head-mounted display device, which includes:
  • a folded light path solution is provided.
  • a first lens is provided between the light splitting element and the display to improve the incident angle of the light splitting element and the angle of the light emitted by the display entering the first lens. , so that the incident angle formed by the light emitted by the display entering the first lens can fall within the original incident angle range of the display, thereby improving the light efficiency and helping to improve the imaging quality.
  • Figure 1 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of an optical module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of an optical module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the point array of the optical module shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is an MTF curve of the optical module shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a field curvature distortion diagram of the optical module shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a vertical axis chromatic aberration diagram of the optical module shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of changes in luminous angles of the display and spectroscopic elements in the optical module shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 8 is the second structural schematic diagram of the optical module provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is the third structural schematic diagram of the optical module provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the point array of the optical module shown in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is an MTF curve of the optical module shown in Figure 9;
  • Figure 12 is a field curvature distortion diagram of the optical module shown in Figure 9;
  • Figure 13 is a vertical axis chromatic aberration diagram of the optical module shown in Figure 9;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of changes in luminous angles of the display and spectroscopic elements in the optical module shown in Figure 9;
  • Figure 15 is the fourth structural schematic diagram of the optical module provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the point array of the optical module shown in Figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is an MTF curve of the optical module shown in Figure 15;
  • Figure 18 is a field curvature distortion diagram of the optical module shown in Figure 15;
  • Figure 19 is a vertical axis chromatic aberration diagram of the optical module shown in Figure 15;
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of changes in the luminous angles of the display and the spectroscopic element in the optical module shown in Figure 15;
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the light emitting angle of the display and the spectroscopic element in the optical module according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • First lens 11. First surface; 12. Second surface; 20. Second lens; 21. Third surface; 22. Fourth surface; 30. Third lens; 31. Fifth surface; 32. The sixth surface; 40. Spectroscopic element; 50. Phase retarder; 60. Polarized reflective element; 70. Polarizing film; 80. Display; 81. Protective glass; 90. Anti-reflective film; 01. Human eye.
  • any specific values are to be construed as illustrative only and not as limiting. Accordingly, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
  • optical module and head-mounted display device provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 21 .
  • an optical module is provided.
  • the optical module is a folded light path optical structure design, which can be suitable for use in a head-mounted display (Tead mounted display, TMD).
  • VR head-mounted devices may include VR glasses or VR helmets, etc., which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an optical module, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 9 and 15.
  • the optical module includes: a display 80, a spectroscopic element 40, a first phase retarder 50 and a polarization reflector. Element 60, wherein the first phase retarder 50 is located between the light splitting element 40 and the polarization reflective element 60;
  • the optical module also includes: a lens group, and the lens group at least includes a first lens 10 and a second lens 20 arranged in sequence, the first lens 10 is located between the display 80 and the light splitting element 40, The second lens 20 is located on the side of the light splitting element 40 away from the display 80;
  • the ratio of the difference between the optically effective diameter D 2 of the spectroscopic element 40 and the height D 1 of the effective display area of the display 80 to the distance T from the spectroscopic element 40 to the display 80 It is 2 ⁇ 6.
  • the range of (D 2 -D 1 )/T is controlled to be 2 to 6.
  • the light of the spectroscopic element 40 can be well improved.
  • the incident angle and the incident angle of the light emitted by the display 80 into the first lens 10 can ensure that the incident angle of the display 80 into the first lens 10 is within the original incident angle of the display 80, thereby improving the optical module light effect.
  • ⁇ p in Figure 21 shows the original incident angle of the display (or screen)
  • ⁇ x1 in Figure 21 shows the incident angle of the light emitted by the display into the first lens 10
  • ⁇ x1 in FIG. 21 shows that the incident angle of the light emitted by the display into the first lens 10 can be covered by the original incident angle of the display, and the light efficiency utilization rate can reach 100%.
  • the imaging effect of the optical module is relatively good.
  • a folded light path solution in which the range of (D 2 -D 1 )/T is reasonably controlled and constrained in the light path structure, and a first light path is provided between the light splitting element 40 and the display 80
  • the lens 10 is used to improve the incident angle of the spectroscopic element 40 and the angle at which the light emitted by the display 80 enters the first lens 10 , so that the incident angle formed by the light emitted by the display 80 entering the first lens 10 can fall on the side of the display 80 Within the original incident angle range, this can improve light efficiency and help improve imaging quality.
  • This can be shown as ⁇ x1 in Figure 21, which can improve the light efficiency of the optical module and help improve imaging quality.
  • the optical module provided by the embodiment of the present application not only includes a lens group, but also includes the above-mentioned light splitting element 40, the first phase retarder 50 and the polarizing reflection element 60.
  • the first phase retarder 50 can be used to change the polarization state of light in the folded optical path structure.
  • linearly polarized light can be converted into circularly polarized light
  • circularly polarized light can be converted into linearly polarized light.
  • the polarized reflective element 60 can be used to transmit P polarized light and reflect S polarized light; or, the polarized reflective element 60 can be used to transmit S polarized light and reflect P polarized light.
  • the first phase retarder 50 cooperates with the polarizing reflective element 60 to analyze light and transmit the light.
  • the ratio of the difference between the optically effective diameter D 2 of the spectroscopic element 40 and the height D 1 of the effective display area of the display 80 to the distance T from the spectroscopic element 40 to the display 80 is greater than It can be 2.8 ⁇ 4.5. That is, the range of (D 2 -D 1 )/T can be controlled within the range of 2.8 to 4.5.
  • the difference between the optically effective diameter D 2 of the spectroscopic element 40 and the height D 1 of the effective display area of the display 80 is controlled by the ratio of the distance T from the spectroscopic element 40 to the display 80 In 2.9 ⁇ 4.2. That is, the range of (D 2 -D 1 )/T can be controlled in the range of 2.9 to 4.2.
  • (D 2 -D 1 )/T can be controlled to, for example, 2.94, 3.5, or 4.2.
  • the size of the display 80 is 1.0in ⁇ 2.1in. This is a small size display.
  • the optical module provided by the embodiment of the present application is a folded optical path optical structure design, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 8, 9 and 15.
  • Each optical lens and optical lens in the optical module Components can be arranged in a set manner and located on the same optical axis.
  • the entire optical path structure is small in size and does not occupy a large space.
  • the optical module can be matched with a small-sized display 80, which helps reduce the size of the optical module.
  • the angle at which light is incident on the light splitting element 40 is ⁇ 65°.
  • the angle at which the light enters the spectroscopic element 40 can be adjusted to ⁇ 65°, and the maximum light incident angle can be effectively reduced. Improving the reflectivity and transmittance of the spectroscopic element 40 can also enhance the light efficiency of the optical module.
  • the angle at which light enters the spectroscopic element 40 is ⁇ 53°, and may even be ⁇ 40°.
  • the incident angle of the light emitted by the display 80 into the first lens 10 can be ⁇ 35° after adjustment.
  • the incident angle of light can be covered by the original incident angle of the display 80, which can improve the light efficiency of the optical module.
  • the incident angle of the light emitted by the display 80 into the first lens 10 can also be ⁇ 27°, or even ⁇ 26°.
  • the optical module provided by the embodiment of the present application can enable users to obtain a better visual experience.
  • the optical module further includes a third lens 30, wherein the second lens 20 is located on the third lens 30. Between a lens 10 and the third lens 30 , the first phase retarder 50 and the polarizing reflection element 60 are provided on either side of the third lens 20 .
  • three optical lenses are used, namely the above-mentioned first lens 10, second lens 20 and third lens 30.
  • the first lens 10 is designed to be arranged on the side where the light is incident, that is, at a suitable position close to the side of the display 80 .
  • the incident light may first enter the first lens 10 , and the first lens 10 may be used to transmit the incident light.
  • the third lens 30 is located on the side close to the human eye 01.
  • the second lens 20 is located at a suitable position between the first lens 10 and the third lens 30 .
  • the incident angle of the spectroscopic element 40 and the light emitted by the display 80 can be appropriately reduced to enter the first
  • the incident angle of the lens 10 for example, the light incident angle of the spectroscopic element 40 is less than 65°, and the light incident angle of the display 80 is less than 35°
  • this can make the incident angle of the light emitted by the display 80 incident on the display 80 be changed by the original angle of the display 80
  • Some light-emitting angles are completely covered, which can improve the light efficiency of the optical module and thus improve the imaging quality.
  • the optical module in addition to the above-mentioned three optical lenses (3P), it may also include a light splitting element 40 disposed between the first lens 10 and the second lens 20, and The first phase retarder 50 (also called a quarter wave plate) and the polarizing reflection film 60 are on either side of the third lens 30 on opposite sides.
  • a light splitting element 40 disposed between the first lens 10 and the second lens 20
  • the first phase retarder 50 also called a quarter wave plate
  • the polarizing reflection film 60 are on either side of the third lens 30 on opposite sides.
  • the light splitting element 40 may be located at a suitable position between the second lens 20 and the first lens 10 .
  • the light splitting element 40 can also be directly mounted on the surface of the second lens 20 facing the first lens 10 .
  • first phase retarder 50 and the polarization reflective element 60 may be disposed at a suitable position between the second lens 20 and the third lens 30 , for example.
  • first phase retarder 50 and the polarization reflective element 60 can also be at a suitable position on the side of the third lens 30 close to the human eye 01.
  • first phase retarder 50 and the polarizing reflective element 60 can also be mounted on appropriate surfaces of the second lens 20 and/or the third lens 30 .
  • Those skilled in the art can flexibly adjust the specific placement positions of the first phase retarder 50 and the polarization reflective element 60 as needed.
  • first phase retarder 50 and the polarization reflective element 60 can be attached together, or they can be arranged at intervals, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the central thickness T 1 of the first lens 10 is 2 mm ⁇ T 1 ⁇ 5 mm; as shown in Figures 1, 2, 9 and 15, the first lens 10 includes a A surface 11 and a second surface 12, the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 are both aspherical surfaces.
  • anti-reflection films are provided on both sides of the first lens 10 .
  • an anti-reflective film may be provided on one side of the first surface 11 and an anti-reflective film may be provided on one side of the second surface 12 .
  • anti-reflective films may be mounted on the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 respectively.
  • the first lens 10 can be located on the side of the entire optical module that receives light, or in other words, it can be placed close to the light exit surface of the display 80 .
  • the light emitted by the display 80 can pass through the first lens 10, and anti-reflection films can be provided on both sides of the first lens 10. In this way, the light can be completely transmitted through the first lens 10 as much as possible and injected into the optical module. .
  • the optical power of the first lens 10 is positive, and the optical power satisfy:
  • the first lens 10 does not need to provide a large optical power for the optical module.
  • the diameter D of the third lens 30 satisfies: D 1 ⁇ D ⁇ D 2 .
  • the optical effective aperture of the spectroscopic element 40 is D 2
  • the height of the effective display area of the display 80 is D 1 .
  • the above-mentioned height D 1 of the effective display area of the display 80 refers to the largest value between the length and width of the display. This refers to the height when the display 80 is placed normally.
  • the diameter of the third lens 30 is designed within the above range, so that the light emitted from the display 80 can be bent by a larger diameter optical lens and then concentrated through the third lens 30 In human eye 01, in order to better display and image in human eye 01.
  • the second lens 20 includes a third surface 21 and a fourth surface 22, and the third surface 21 is an aspheric surface,
  • the fourth surface 22 is a plane or an aspheric surface;
  • the third lens 30 includes a fifth surface 31 and a sixth surface 32, and both the fifth surface 31 and the sixth surface 32 are aspherical surfaces; wherein, The fourth surface 22 and the fifth surface 31 may be arranged adjacent to each other.
  • an anti-reflection film 90 is provided on one side of the fourth surface 22 of the second lens.
  • the optical power of the second lens 20 is positive, and the optical power satisfy:
  • an anti-reflection film can be provided on the fifth surface 31 of the third lens 30 or on one side of the fifth surface 31 , so that the light can enter the human eye 01 as completely as possible to display the image.
  • the optical power of the third lens 30 is positive, and the optical power satisfy:
  • the center thickness T 2 of the second lens 20 can be designed as: 3mm ⁇ T 2 ⁇ 6mm.
  • the center thickness T 3 of the third lens 30 can be designed as: 3mm ⁇ T 3 ⁇ 6mm.
  • the light splitting element 40 is located on one side of the third surface 21; the first phase retarder 50 and the polarization reflective element 60 are sequentially disposed between the fourth surface 22 and the third surface 21. between the sixth surface 32.
  • the spectroscopic element 40 can be disposed at a suitable position between the second surface 12 of the first lens 10 and the third surface 21 of the second lens 20 ; or, the spectroscopic element 40 can be disposed at a third surface close to the second lens 20 at a suitable location on surface 21.
  • the light splitting element 40 can also be mounted on the third surface 21 of the second lens 20 , as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the first phase retarder 50 may be disposed on one side of the fourth surface 22 of the second lens 20
  • the polarizing reflective element 60 may be disposed on one side of the sixth surface 32 of the third lens 30 .
  • the first phase retarder 50 and the polarization reflective element 60 are arranged at intervals in the optical path structure.
  • the first phase retarder 50 may be disposed at a suitable position between the fourth surface 22 of the second lens 20 and the sixth surface 32 of the third lens 30; or, the first phase retarder 50 may be disposed close to the second at a suitable location on the fourth surface 22 of the lens 20 .
  • first phase retarder 50 can also be directly attached to the fourth surface 22 of the second lens 20.
  • the polarized reflective element 60 can be disposed at a suitable position between the fourth surface 22 of the second lens 20 and the sixth surface 32 of the third lens 30 ; or, the polarized reflective element 60 can be disposed close to the third surface of the third lens 30 .
  • the polarizing reflective element 60 can also be directly attached to the sixth surface 32 of the third lens 30 .
  • first phase retarder 50 and the polarizing reflective element 60 it is also possible to design the first phase retarder 50 and the polarizing reflective element 60 to be stacked on the sixth surface 32 of the third lens 30. At this time, the first phase retarder 50 and the polarizing reflective element 70 can be laminated on the sixth surface 32 of the third lens 30. Together. Persons skilled in the art can reasonably adjust the positions of the first phase retarder 50 and the polarization reflective element 60 as needed.
  • the optical module further includes a polarizing film 70 located between the polarizing reflective element 60 and the sixth surface 32 .
  • the spectroscopic element 40 is attached to the third surface 21 ; the first phase retarder 50 is attached to the fourth surface 22 ; the polarization
  • the reflective element 60 and the polarizing film 70 are stacked to form a film layer structure and attached to the sixth surface 32 .
  • the second lens 20 includes two optical surfaces, namely the above-mentioned third surface 21 and the fourth surface 22.
  • the third surface 21 and the second surface 12 of the first lens 10 may be arranged adjacent to each other.
  • the spectroscopic element 40 can be disposed on the third surface 21 or on one side close to it, and a film layer structure can be disposed on the surface of the fourth surface 22 or on one side close to it, and the film layer structure can, for example, include the above-mentioned first phase.
  • Retarder 50 and anti-reflective film 90 can be used to change the polarization state of light in the folded optical path structure.
  • the polarizing reflective element 60 and the polarizing film 70 can be stacked to form a film layer structure, and can be attached to the sixth surface 32 .
  • the polarized reflective element 60 can transmit P-polarized light and reflect S-polarized light
  • the polarizing film 70 can transmit P-polarized light, thereby reducing stray light.
  • the reflectivity of the light splitting element 40 is 47% to 53%.
  • the light splitting element 40 may be a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective film.
  • the refractive index n of the first lens 10 , the second lens 20 and the third lens 30 is: 1.4 ⁇ n ⁇ 1.7;
  • the dispersion coefficient v of the first lens 10 , the second lens 20 and the third lens 30 is: 20 ⁇ v ⁇ 75.
  • the refractive index n 1 of the first lens 10 is 1.54 and the dispersion coefficient v 1 is 56.3;
  • the refractive index n 2 of the second lens 20 is 1.54 and the dispersion coefficient v 2 is 56.3;
  • the refractive index n 3 of the third lens 30 is 1.54, the dispersion coefficient v 3 is 56.3.
  • the light exit surface of the display 80 is configured to emit circularly polarized light or linearly polarized light
  • a second phase retarder is provided between the light exit surface of the display 80 and the first lens 10 , and the second phase retarder is used to Convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light.
  • the optical module may include a display 80.
  • the light-emitting surface of the display 80 is provided with a protective glass 81.
  • the light-emitting surface of the display 80 may emit light toward the first lens 10, and the light may pass through the first lens 10.
  • Lens 10 may include a display 80.
  • the second phase retarder may be disposed on the light-emitting surface of the display 80 , or at a suitable position between the display 80 and the first lens 10 , or may be disposed close to the light-emitting surface of the display 80 At the right location.
  • the propagation process of light is as follows:
  • the display 80 emits circularly polarized light. After being transmitted through the protective glass 81 on the light-emitting surface of the display 80 , the light can pass through the first lens 10 , the second lens 20 and the fifth surface 31 of the third lens 30 . Then, It is reflected by the polarizing reflective element 60 on the sixth surface 32 of the third lens 30 and transmitted through the fifth surface 31 of the third lens 30 and the fourth surface 22 of the second lens 20 .
  • the first phase retarder 50 changes the circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light, which is reflected by the light splitting element 40 on the third surface 21 of the second lens 20 and passes through the fourth surface 22 of the second lens 20 or the first phase retarder on one side.
  • the detector 50 turns into circularly polarized light, and after being transmitted through the third lens 30, it can enter the human eye 01 to display an image.
  • optical module provided by the embodiments of the present application through three embodiments.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present application provides an optical module.
  • the optical module includes: a display 80, a spectroscopic element 40, a first phase retarder 50 and a polarizing reflective element 60, wherein the third A phase retarder 50 is located between the light splitting element 40 and the polarization reflective element 60;
  • the optical module also includes: a first lens 10, a second lens 20 and a third lens 30.
  • the first lens 10 is located between the display 80 and the light splitting element 40.
  • the second lens 20 is located between the display 80 and the light splitting element 40.
  • the first phase retarder 50 and the polarization reflection element 60 are provided on either side of the third lens 20; as shown in Figure 8,
  • the ratio of the difference between the optically effective diameter D 2 of the spectroscopic element 40 and the height D 1 of the effective display area of the display 80 to the distance T from the spectroscopic element 40 to the display 80 is 4.2; where,
  • the effective optical diameter D 2 of the spectroscopic element 40 is 42.8 mm, the height D 1 of the effective display area of the display 80 is 22 mm, and the distance T from the spectroscopic element 40 to the display 80 is 4.95 mm.
  • the incident angle range of the light emitted by the display 80 entering the first lens 10 is ⁇ 27°
  • the incident angle range of the light incident on the spectroscopic element 40 is ⁇ 53°.
  • the diameter D of the third lens 30 satisfies: 22 ⁇ D ⁇ 42.8.
  • the first lens 10 includes a first surface 11 and a second surface 12
  • the second lens 20 includes a third surface 21 and a fourth surface 22
  • the third lens 30 includes a fifth surface 31 and a sixth surface 32 .
  • the optical parameters of the first lens 10 , the second lens 20 and the third lens 30 are specifically listed in Table 1 below.
  • the optical module shown according to Embodiment 1 is as shown in Figures 3 to 6:
  • Figure 3 is a schematic point diagram of the optical module provided in Embodiment 1
  • Figure 4 is the MTF of the optical module provided in Embodiment 1 Graph
  • Figure 5 is a field curvature distortion diagram of the optical module provided in Embodiment 1
  • Figure 6 is a vertical axis chromatic aberration diagram of the optical module provided in Embodiment 1.
  • the point diagram refers to the fact that after many rays emitted from one point pass through the optical module, the intersection points with the image plane are no longer concentrated at the same point due to aberration, and a diffusion pattern is formed that is spread over a certain range. It can be used to evaluate optics.
  • the imaging quality of the module As shown in Figure 3, in Example 1, the maximum value of the image point in the spot diagram is less than 28 ⁇ m.
  • the MTF curve is a modulation transfer function diagram that characterizes the imaging clarity of the optical module through the contrast of black and white line pairs. As shown in Figure 4, in Example 1, MTF is >0.45 at 20 lp/mm, and the image is clear.
  • the field curvature distortion diagram reflects the difference in the image plane position of the clear image in different fields of view.
  • the maximum value of field curvature is less than 0.4mm.
  • the maximum distortion occurs in field 1.
  • the maximum value is less than 22%.
  • Vertical axis chromatic aberration is also called magnification chromatic aberration. It mainly refers to a polychromatic principal ray on the object side. Due to the dispersion in the refraction system, it becomes multiple rays when it emerges on the image side. The focus positions of blue light and red light on the image plane are different. difference. In Embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 6, the maximum dispersion is at the 1 field of view position of the system, and the maximum chromatic aberration value of the optical module is less than 240 ⁇ m.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present application provides an optical module, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the optical module includes: a display 80, a spectroscopic element 40, a first phase retarder 50 and a polarizing reflection element 60, wherein the first The phase retarder 50 is located between the light splitting element 40 and the polarization reflective element 60;
  • the optical module also includes: a first lens 10, a second lens 20 and a third lens 30.
  • the first lens 10 is located between the display 80 and the light splitting element 40.
  • the second lens 20 is located between the display 80 and the light splitting element 40.
  • the first phase retarder 50 and the polarization reflection element 60 are provided on either side of the third lens 20;
  • the ratio of the difference between the optically effective diameter D 2 of the spectroscopic element 40 and the height D 1 of the effective display area of the display 80 to the distance T from the spectroscopic element 40 to the display 80 is 2.94;
  • the optically effective diameter D 2 of the spectroscopic element 40 is 40 mm
  • the height D 1 of the effective display area of the display 80 is 25 mm
  • the distance T from the spectroscopic element 40 to the display 80 is 5.1 mm.
  • the incident angle range of the light emitted by the display 80 entering the first lens 10 is ⁇ 26°
  • the incident angle range of the light incident on the spectroscopic element 40 is ⁇ 41°.
  • the diameter D of the third lens 30 satisfies: 25mm ⁇ D ⁇ 40mm.
  • the first lens 10 includes a first surface 11 and a second surface 12
  • the second lens 20 includes a third surface 21 and a fourth surface 22
  • the third lens 30 includes a fifth surface 31 and a sixth surface 32 .
  • the specific optical parameters of the first lens 10 , the second lens 20 and the third lens 30 are as shown in Table 2 below.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic point diagram of the optical module provided in Embodiment 2
  • Figure 11 is the MTF curve of the optical module provided in Embodiment 2
  • Figure 12 is a field curvature distortion diagram of the optical module provided in Embodiment 2
  • Figure 13 is a vertical axis chromatic aberration diagram of the optical module provided in Embodiment 2.
  • the maximum value of the image point in the dot diagram is less than 8 ⁇ m.
  • MTF is >0.65 at 20lp/mm, and the image is clear.
  • the field curvature distortion value is less than 0.06 mm.
  • the maximum distortion occurs in 1 field of view, and the maximum value is less than 25%.
  • the maximum dispersion is at the 1 field of view position of the system, and the maximum chromatic aberration value of the optical module is less than 190 ⁇ m.
  • Embodiment 3 of the present application provides an optical module, as shown in Figure 15.
  • the optical module includes: a display 80, a spectroscopic element 40, a first phase retarder 50 and a polarizing reflective element 60, wherein the first The phase retarder 50 is located between the light splitting element 40 and the polarization reflective element 60;
  • the optical module also includes: a first lens 10, a second lens 20 and a third lens 30.
  • the first lens 10 is located between the display 80 and the light splitting element 40.
  • the second lens 20 is located between the display 80 and the light splitting element 40.
  • the first phase retarder 50 and the polarization reflection element 60 are provided on either side of the third lens 20;
  • the ratio of the difference between the optically effective diameter D 2 of the spectroscopic element 40 and the height D 1 of the effective display area of the display 80 to the distance T from the spectroscopic element 40 to the display 80 is 3.5;
  • the optically effective diameter D 2 of the spectroscopic element 40 is 40 mm
  • the height D 1 of the effective display area of the display 80 is 25 mm
  • the distance T from the spectroscopic element 40 to the display 80 is 4.3 mm.
  • the incident angle range of the light emitted by the display 80 entering the first lens 10 is ⁇ 26°
  • the incident angle range of the light incident on the spectroscopic element 40 is ⁇ 40°.
  • the diameter D of the third lens 30 satisfies: 25mm ⁇ D ⁇ 40mm.
  • the first lens 10 includes a first surface 11 and a second surface 12
  • the second lens 20 includes a third surface 21 and a fourth surface 22
  • the third lens 30 includes a fifth surface 31 and a sixth surface 32 .
  • the optical parameters of the first lens 10 , the second lens 20 and the third lens 30 are specifically listed in Table 3 below.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic point diagram of the optical module provided in Embodiment 3
  • Figure 17 is the MTF curve of the optical module provided in Embodiment 3.
  • Figure 18 is a field curvature distortion diagram of the optical module provided in Embodiment 3
  • Figure 19 is a vertical axis chromatic aberration diagram of the optical module provided in Embodiment 3.
  • the maximum value of the image point in the dot diagram is less than 7 ⁇ m.
  • MTF is >0.75 at 20 lp/mm, and the image is clear.
  • the maximum value of field curvature is less than 0.05mm.
  • the maximum distortion occurs in 1 field of view, and the maximum value is less than 25%.
  • the maximum dispersion is at the 1 field of view position of the system, and the maximum chromatic aberration value of the optical module is less than 190 ⁇ m.
  • a head-mounted display device is also provided.
  • the head-mounted display device includes a housing and the optical module as described above.
  • the head-mounted display device is, for example, a VR head-mounted device, including VR glasses or VR helmets, etc. This embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this.
  • the specific implementation of the head-mounted display device according to the embodiment of the present application may refer to the above-mentioned embodiments of the display module, and will not be described again here.

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Abstract

一种光学模组以及头戴显示设备；光学模组包括显示器(80)、分光元件(40)、第一相位延迟器(50)及偏振反射元件(60)，其中，第一相位延迟器(50)位于分光元件(40)与偏振反射元件(60)之间；光学模组还包括依次设置的第一透镜(10)及第二透镜(20)，第一透镜(10)位于显示器(80)与分光元件(40)之间，第二透镜(20)位于分光元件(40)远离显示器(80)的一侧；分光元件(40)的光学有效口径D2和显示器(80)的有效显示区域的高度D1之间的差值与分光元件(40)到显示器(80)距离T的比值为2～6。实施例中通过在分光元件(40)与显示器(80)之间设置一光学镜片，可以有效约束光线入射到分光元件(40)的角度及显示器(80)发出的光线入射到该光学镜片的角度，以此来提高光效。

Description

光学模组以及头戴显示设备 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及近眼显示成像技术领域，更具体地，本申请实施例涉及一种光学模组以及头戴显示设备。
背景技术
近年来，增强现实(Augmented Reality，AR)技术及虚拟现实(Virtual Reality，VR)技术等在例如智能穿戴设备中得到了应用并快速发展起来。增强现实技术和虚拟现实技术的核心部件均是光学模组。光学模组显示效果的好坏将直接决定着智能穿戴设备的质量。
现有的技术中，为实现小型化、轻量化的虚拟现实成像系统，需要使用尺寸较小的屏幕。然而，在同等的光学规格下(如视场角度、成像质量等)，屏幕的尺寸越小，就对光学模组的要求越严苛。现有折叠光路在大视场角需求下，屏幕尺寸越小，光学模组需要的光焦度越大，光线入射到半透半反射膜的角度以及屏幕本身的发光角度的要求越高。随着入射角度的增大，半透半反射膜的反射率和透过率就越低，同时屏幕本身的发光角度是一定的，当屏幕发出的光线打到光学模组中的入射角度过大时，会有一部分角度不能被屏幕本身的发光角度覆盖，这将导致光效降低，影响光学模组最终的成像质量。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种光学模组以及头戴显示设备的新技术方案。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种光学模组，所述光学模组包括显示器、分光元件、第一相位延迟器及偏振反射元件，其中，所述第一相位延迟器位于所述分光元件与所述偏振反射元件之间；
所述光学模组还包括依次设置的第一透镜及第二透镜，所述第一透镜位于所述显示器与所述分光元件之间，所述第二透镜位于所述分光元件远 离所述显示器的一侧；
所述分光元件的光学有效口径D 2和所述显示器的有效显示区域的高度D 1之间的差值与所述分光元件到所述显示器距离T的比值为2～6。
可选地，所述分光元件的光学有效口径D 2和所述显示器的有效显示区域的高度D 1之间的差值与所述分光元件到所述显示器距离T的比值为2.9～4.2。
可选地，所述显示器的尺寸为1.0in～2.1in。
可选地，光线入射到所述分光元件的角度为＜65°。
可选地，所述光学模组还包括第三透镜，所述第二透镜位于所述第一透镜与所述第三透镜之间；
所述第三透镜的任一侧设置有所述第一相位延迟器及所述偏振反射元件。
可选地，所述第一透镜的中心厚度T 1为2mm＜T 1＜5mm；
所述第一透镜包括第一表面和第二表面，所述第一表面和所述第二表面均为非球面。
可选地，所述第一透镜的光焦度
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000001
为正，且光焦度
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000002
满足：
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000003
可选地，所述第三透镜的口径D满足：D 1≤D≤D 2。
可选地，所述第二透镜包括第三表面和第四表面，所述第三表面为非球面，所述第四表面为平面或者非球面；
所述第三透镜包括第五表面和第六表面，所述第五表面和所述第六表面均为非球面；
其中，所述第四表面与所述第五表面相邻设置。
可选地，所述分光元件位于所述第三表面的一侧；
所述第一相位延迟器和所述偏振反射元件依次设置于所述第四表面与所述第六表面之间。
可选地，所述光学模组还包括偏光膜，所述偏光膜位于所述偏振反射元件与所述第六表面之间。
可选地，所述分光元件贴设于所述第三表面；
所述第一相位延迟器贴设于所述第四表面；
所述偏振反射元件和所述偏光膜叠设形成膜层结构，并贴设于所述第六表面。
可选地，所述第一透镜、所述第二透镜及所述第三透镜的折射率n为：1.4＜n＜1.7；
所述第一透镜、所述第二透镜及所述第三透镜的色散系数v为：20＜v＜75。
可选地，所述分光元件的反射率为47％至53％。
可选地，所述显示器的出光面被配置为能够发射圆偏振光或者线偏振光；
当所述显示器的出光面发射的光线为线偏振光时，在所述显示器的出光面与所述第一透镜之间设置有第二相位延迟器，所述第二相位延迟器用以将线偏振光转变为圆偏振光。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种头戴显示设备，所述头戴显示设备包括：
壳体；以及
如上所述的光学模组。
根据本申请的实施例，提供了一种折叠光路方案，在光路结构中通过在分光元件与显示器之间设置第一透镜来改善分光元件的入射角度及显示器发出的光线射入第一透镜的角度，，使得显示器发出的光线射入第一透镜形成的入射角度可以落在显示器的原入射角度范围之内，以此来提高光效，有助于提升成像质量。
通过以下参照附图对本说明书的示例性实施例的详细描述，本说明书的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本说明书的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本说明书的原理。
图1为本申请实施例提供的光学模组的结构示意图之一；
图2为本申请实施例提供的光学模组的局部结构示意图；
图3为图1示出的光学模组的点阵列的示意图；
图4为图1示出的光学模组的MTF曲线图；
图5为图1示出的光学模组的场曲畸变图；
图6为图1示出的光学模组的垂轴色差图；
图7为图1示出的光学模组中显示器和分光元件的发光角度变化示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的光学模组的结构示意图之二；
图9为本申请实施例提供的光学模组的结构示意图之三；
图10为图9示出的光学模组的点阵列的示意图；
图11为图9示出的光学模组的MTF曲线图；
图12为图9示出的光学模组的场曲畸变图；
图13为图9示出的光学模组的垂轴色差图；
图14为图9示出的光学模组中显示器和分光元件的发光角度变化示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的光学模组的结构示意图之四；
图16为图15示出的光学模组的点阵列的示意图；
图17为图15示出的光学模组的MTF曲线图；
图18为图15示出的光学模组的场曲畸变图；
图19为图15示出的光学模组的垂轴色差图；
图20为图15示出的光学模组中显示器和分光元件的发光角度变化示意图；
图21为本申请实施例的光学模组中的显示器和分光元件的发光角度示意图。
附图标记说明：
10、第一透镜；11、第一表面；12、第二表面；20、第二透镜；21、第三表面；22、第四表面；30、第三透镜；31、第五表面；32、第六表面；40、分光元件；50、相位延迟器；60、偏振反射元件；70、偏光膜；80、显示器；81、保护玻璃；90、抗反射膜；01、人眼。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本申请的各种示例性实施例。应注意到： 除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本申请的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本申请及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
下面结合附图1至图21对本申请实施例提供的光学模组以及头戴显示设备进行详细地描述。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，提供了一种光学模组，该光学模组为一种折叠光路光学结构设计，其可适合应用于头戴显示设备(Tead mounted display，TMD)。例如，VR头戴设备，如可以包括VR眼镜或者VR头盔等，本申请实施例对此不做具体限制。
本申请实施例提供了一种光学模组，如图1、图2、图9及图15所示，所述光学模组包括：显示器80、分光元件40、第一相位延迟器50及偏振反射元件60，其中，所述第一相位延迟器50位于所述分光元件40与所述偏振反射元件60之间；
所述光学模组还包括：透镜组，且该透镜组至少包括依次设置的第一透镜10和第二透镜20，所述第一透镜10位于所述显示器80与所述分光元件40之间，所述第二透镜20位于所述分光元件40远离所述显示器80的一侧；
如图8所示，所述分光元件40的光学有效口径D 2和所述显示器80的有效显示区域的高度D 1之间的差值与所述分光元件40到所述显示器80距离T的比值为2～6。
也就是说，本申请的实施例中，将(D 2-D 1)/T的范围控制在2～6。
本申请的实施例中，通过对(D 2-D 1)/T的范围进行合理约束，以及在分光元件40与显示器80之间设置第一透镜10，可以很好地改善分光元件40的光线入射角度及显示器80发出的光线射入到第一透镜10的入射角度，可以保证显示器80打入第一透镜10的入射角度在显示器80原有的入射角度之内，以此可以提升光学模组的光效。
如图21所示，图21中的θp示出的是显示器(或者说屏幕)的原有的入射角度，图21中的θx1示出的是显示器发出的光线射入第一透镜10的入射角度，图21中的θx1示出的是显示器发出的光线射入第一透镜10的入射角度可以被显示器原有的入射角度覆盖的情况，光效利用率可以达到100％。此时，光学模组的成像效果是比较好。
请继续如图21所示，当显示器发出的光线射入第一透镜10的入射角度较大，如图21中示出的θx2，其中有一部分入射角度θl是不能被显示器原有的入射角度覆盖的，这将会导致光效降低。
根据本申请的实施例，提供了一种折叠光路方案，在光路结构中通过对(D 2-D 1)/T的范围的合理控制约束，及在分光元件40与显示器80之间设置第一透镜10，以此来改善分光元件40的入射角度及显示器80发出的光线射入第一透镜10的角度，使得显示器80发出的光线射入第一透镜10形成的入射角度可以落在显示器80的原入射角度范围之内，以此来提高光效，有助于提升成像质量。这可如图21中示出θx1，以此可以提高光学模组的光效，有助于提升成像质量。
本申请实施例提供的光学模组不仅包括有透镜组，还包括有如上述的分光元件40、第一相位延迟器50及偏振反射元件60。
其中，第一相位延迟器50可用于改变折叠光路结构中光线的偏振状态。例如，能够将线偏振光转化为圆偏振光，又或者将圆偏振光转化为线偏振光。
其中，偏振反射元件60可用于透过P偏振光反射S偏振光；或者，偏振反射元件60可用于透过S偏振光反射P偏振光。
第一相位延迟器50与偏振反射元件60配合可用于解析光线并对光线进行传递。
可选的是，所述分光元件40的光学有效口径D 2和所述显示器80的有效显示区域的高度D 1之间的差值与所述分光元件40到所述显示器80距离T的比值还可以为2.8～4.5。也即，(D 2-D 1)/T的范围可以控制在2.8～4.5。
可选的是，所述分光元件40的光学有效口径D 2和所述显示器80的有效显示区域的高度D 1之间的差值与所述分光元件40到所述显示器80距离T的比值控制在2.9～4.2。也即，(D 2-D 1)/T的范围可以控制在2.9～4.2。
进一步地，(D 2-D 1)/T的值例如可以控制为2.94、3.5或者4.2等。
当然，本申请的实施例中并不限于上述的例子中列举的三个点值，本领域技术人员可以根据需要灵活调整(D 2-D 1)/T在2～6这一范围内取值。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述显示器80的尺寸为1.0in～2.1in。这是一种小尺寸的显示器。
本申请实施例提供的光学模组，其是一种折叠光路光学结构设计，如图1、图2、图8、图9及图15所示所示，光学模组中的各个光学镜片及光学元件可以按照设定的方式排列，并位于同一光轴上。整个光路结构的尺寸较小，并不会占用较大的空间。该光学模组可以与小尺寸的显示器80相配合，这有助于缩小光学模组的体积。
在本申请的一些示例中，光线入射到所述分光元件40的角度为＜65°。
如图7、图14及图20所示，本申请实施例提供的光学模组中，经调整后光线入射到分光元件40的角度可以调整为＜65°，最大光线入射角度变小之后可以有效改善分光元件40的反射率及透过率，以此也可以提升光学模组的光效。
进一步地，光线入射到分光元件40的角度为＜53°，甚至还可以≤40°。
请继续如图7、图14及图20所示，本申请实施例提供的光学模组中，经调整后显示器80发出的光线射入到第一透镜10的入射角度可以为＜35°，该光线入射角度可以被显示器80原有的入射角度覆盖，如此可以提升光学模组的光效。
进一步地，经调整后显示器80发出的光线射入到第一透镜10的入射角度还可以为＜27°，甚至可以为＜26°。本申请实施例提供的光学模组，可以使用户获得较佳的视觉体验感。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图1、图2、图8、图9及图15所示，所述光学模组还包括第三透镜30，其中，所述第二透镜20位于所述第一透镜10与所述第三透镜30之间；所述第三透镜20的任一侧设置有所述第一相位延迟器50及所述偏振反射元件60。
本申请的实施例中，采用了三个光学镜片，即上述的第一透镜10、第二透镜20和第三透镜30。其中，第一透镜10被设计布设在光线入射的一侧，也即靠近显示器80一侧的合适位置处。入射的光线可以先射入第一透镜10，第一透镜10可用以对入射的光线进行透射。第三透镜30位于靠近人眼01的一侧。第二透镜20位于第一透镜10和第三透镜30之间合适的位置处。
本申请的实施例中，通过三个透镜的合理搭配，以及有效约束(D 2-D 1)/T的范围，能够适当减小分光元件40的入射角度及显示器80发出的光线射入第一透镜10的入射角度(如分光元件40的光线入射角度小于65°，显示器80的光线入射角度小于35°)，这可以使得经显示器80发出的光线射入到显示器80的入射角度被显示器80原有的发光角度完全覆盖，以此可以提高光学模组的光效，从而可以提升成像质量。
在本申请实施例提供的光学模组中，除了包含上述的三个光学镜片(3P)之外，其还可以包括设置于第一透镜10与第二透镜20之间的分光元件40，以及设置于第三透镜30相对两侧中任一侧的第一相位延迟器50(又称为1/4波片)和偏振反射膜60。
其中，分光元件40例如可以位于第二透镜20与第一透镜10之间合适的位置处。当然，分光元件40也可以被直接贴装在第二透镜20面向第一透镜10的表面上。
其中，第一相位延迟器50和偏振反射元件60例如可以设置在第二透镜20与第三透镜30之间合适的位置处。当然，第一相位延迟器50和偏振反射元件60也可以在第三透镜30靠近人眼01一侧的合适位置处。
当然，还可以将第一相位延迟器50和偏振反射元件60贴装在第二透镜20和/或第三透镜30合适的表面上。本领域技术人员可以根据需要灵活调整第一相位延迟器50和偏振反射元件60的具体设置位置。
需要说明的是，第一相位延迟器50和偏振反射元件60二者可以贴设在一起，二者也可以呈间隔设置，本申请实施例中对此不作具体限制。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述第一透镜10的中心厚度T 1为2mm＜T 1＜5mm；如图1、图2、图9及图15所示，所述第一透镜10包括第一表面11和第二表面12，所述第一表面11和所述第二表面12均为非球面。
可选的是，在第一透镜10的两侧均设置有抗反射膜。
也就是说，可以在第一表面11的一侧设置抗反射膜，并在第二表面12的一侧设置抗反射膜。
例如，可以分别在第一表面11和第二表面12上贴装抗反射膜。
在本申请的实施例中设计，第一透镜10可以位于整个光学模组入光的一侧，或者说，其可以靠近显示器80的出光面设置。显示器80发出的光线可以透过第一透镜10，在第一透镜10的两侧可以分别设置抗反射膜，这样，可以使光线尽可能完全透过第一透镜10并射入至光学模组中。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述第一透镜10的光焦度
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000004
为正，且光焦度
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000005
满足：
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000006
第一透镜10无需为光学模组提供较大的光焦度。
本申请的实施例中，通过合理布设第一透镜10在光路结构中的位置及约束(D 2-D 1)/T的范围为2～6，可如图8所示。配合第一透镜10的中心厚度、面型及光焦度等参数，可减少光线入射到分光元件40的角度及显示器80发出的光线打入第一透镜10的入射角度。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述第三透镜30的口径D满足：D 1≤D≤D 2。
如图8所示，在本申请实施例的光学模组中，分光元件40的光学有效口径为D 2，显示器80的有效显示区域的高度为D 1。
需要说明的是，上述的显示器80的有效显示区域的高度D 1指的是显示器长度和宽度中值最大的一者。当显示器80正常放置时指的就是高度。
本申请实施例的光学模组中，将第三透镜30的口径设计在上述范围内，可以使经显示器80出射的光线经较大口径的光学镜片折转之后再经第三透镜30集中打入人眼01中，以更好的在人眼01中进行显示成像。
需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要灵活调整第三透镜 30的口径值，只要使其处于上述的范围内即可。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图1、图2、图9及图15所示，所述第二透镜20包括第三表面21和第四表面22，所述第三表面21为非球面，所述第四表面22为平面或者非球面；所述第三透镜30包括第五表面31和第六表面32，所述第五表面31和所述第六表面32均为非球面；其中，所述第四表面22与所述第五表面31可以为相邻设置。
可选的是，如图2所示，在第二透镜的第四表面22的一侧设置有一抗反射膜90。
其中，第二透镜20的光焦度
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000007
为正，且光焦度
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000008
满足：
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000009
可选的是，在第三透镜30的第五表面31上，或者在第五表面31的一侧也可以设置抗反射膜，这使得光线可以尽可能完整的射入人眼01中显示图像。
其中，第三透镜30的光焦度
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000010
为正，且光焦度
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000011
满足：
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000012
在本申请的实施例中，第二透镜20的中心厚度T 2可以设计为：3mm<T 2<6mm。第三透镜30的中心厚度T 3可以设计为：3mm<T 3<6mm。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述分光元件40位于所述第三表面21的一侧；所述第一相位延迟器50和所述偏振反射元件60依次设置于所述第四表面22与所述第六表面32之间。
例如，分光元件40可以设置在第一透镜10的第二表面12与第二透镜20的第三表面21之间的合适位置处；或者，使分光元件40设置在靠近第二透镜20的第三表面21的合适位置处。当然，分光元件40也可以贴装在第二透镜20的第三表面21的表面上，如图1所示。
例如，第一相位延迟器50可以设置在第二透镜20的第四表面22的一侧，偏振反射元件60可以设置在第三透镜30的第六表面32的一侧。此时，第一相位延迟器50和偏振反射元件60在光路结构中呈间隔设置。
例如，第一相位延迟器50可以设置在第二透镜20的第四表面22与第三透镜30的第六表面32之间的合适位置；或者，使第一相位延迟器50设置在靠近第二透镜20的第四表面22的合适位置处。
当然，第一相位延迟器50也可以直接贴设在第二透镜20的第四表面 22上。
例如，偏振反射元件60可以设置在第二透镜20的第四表面22与第三透镜30的第六表面32之间的合适位置；或者，使偏振反射元件60设置在靠近第三透镜30的第六表面32的合适位置处。当然，偏振反射元件60也可以直接贴设在第三透镜30的第六表面32上。
此外，还可以设计将第一相位延迟器50和偏振反射元件60层叠贴设在第三透镜30的第六表面32上，此时，第一相位延迟器50和偏振反射元件70可以贴合在一起。本领域技术人员可以根据需要对第一相位延迟器50和偏振反射元件60的位置进行合理的调整。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图2所示，所述光学模组还包括偏光膜70，所述偏光膜70位于所述偏振反射元件60与所述第六表面32之间。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图2所示，所述分光元件40贴设于所述第三表面21；所述第一相位延迟器50贴设于所述第四表面22；所述偏振反射元件60和所述偏光膜70叠设形成膜层结构，并贴设于所述第六表面32。
本申请的实施例中，第二透镜20包含两个光学面，即上述的第三表面21和第四表面22，第三表面21与第一透镜10的第二表面12可以为相邻设置，可以在第三表面21上或者靠近的一侧设置分光元件40，可以在第四表面22的表面上或者靠近的一侧设置有膜层结构，且该膜层结构例如以包含上述的第一相位延迟器50和抗反射膜90。其中的第一相位延迟器50可用于改变折叠光路结构中光线的偏振状态。
在本申请的实施例中，偏振反射元件60与偏光膜70二者可以叠设形成膜层结构，并可以将其贴设于第六表面32上。偏振反射元件60可以透过P偏振光反射S偏振光，偏光膜70可以透过P偏振光，可以减少杂散光。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述分光元件40的反射率为47％至53％。
例如，分光元件40可以为半透半反射膜。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述第一透镜10、所述第二透镜20及所述第三透镜30的折射率n为：1.4＜n＜1.7；
所述第一透镜10、所述第二透镜20及所述第三透镜30的色散系数v为：20＜v＜75。
例如，第一透镜10的折射率n 1为1.54，色散系数v 1为56.3；第二透镜20的折射率n 2为1.54，色散系数v 2为56.3；第三透镜30的折射率n 3为1.54，色散系数v 3为56.3。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图1、图2、图9及图15所示，所述显示器80的出光面被配置为能够发射圆偏振光或者线偏振光；
当所述显示器80的出光面发射的光线为线偏振光时，在所述显示器80的出光面与所述第一透镜10之间设置有第二相位延迟器，所述第二相位延迟器用以将线偏振光转变为圆偏振光。
本申请的实施例中，光学模组可以包括显示器80，该显示器80的出光面设置有保护玻璃81，该显示器80的出光面可以朝向第一透镜10发出光线，并且光线可以透过该第一透镜10。
本申请的实施例中，第二相位延迟器可以设置在显示器80的出光面，或者设置在显示器80与第一透镜10之间合适的位置处，或者，可以设置在靠近显示器80的出光面的合适位置处。
根据本申请实施例提供的光学模组，光线的传播过程如下：
如图1所示，显示器80发出圆偏振光，经显示器80出光面的保护玻璃81透射之后，光线可以透过第一透镜10、第二透镜20及第三透镜30的第五表面31，接着经过第三透镜30的第六表面32上的偏振反射元件60发生反射，经过第三透镜30的第五表面31、第二透镜20的第四表面22透射，由第四表面22或者一侧的第一相位延迟器50使圆偏振光变为线偏振光，经过第二透镜20的第三表面21的分光元件40发生反射，经过第二透镜20的第四表面22或者一侧第一相位延迟器50变成圆偏振光，经过第三透镜30透射之后可以进入人眼01中显示图像。
以下通过三个实施例对本申请实施例提供的光学模组进行具体说明。
实施例1
本申请实施例1提供了一种光学模组，如图1所示，所述光学模组包括：显示器80、分光元件40、第一相位延迟器50及偏振反射元件60，其中，所述第一相位延迟器50位于所述分光元件40与所述偏振反射元件60之间；
所述光学模组还包括：第一透镜10、第二透镜20和第三透镜30，所述第一透镜10位于所述显示器80与所述分光元件40之间，所述第二透镜20位于所述第一透镜10与所述第三透镜30之间；所述第三透镜20的任一侧设置有所述第一相位延迟器50及所述偏振反射元件60；如图8所示，所述分光元件40的光学有效口径D 2和所述显示器80的有效显示区域的高度D 1之间的差值与所述分光元件40到所述显示器80距离T的比值为4.2；其中，所述分光元件40的光学有效口径D 2为42.8mm，所述显示器80的有效显示区域的高度D 1为22mm，所述分光元件40到所述显示器80距离T为4.95mm。
在上述的范围内，如图7所示，显示器80发出的光线射入第一透镜10的入射角度范围<27°，光线入射到分光元件40的角度范围<53°。其中，第三透镜30的口径D满足：22≤D≤42.8。
其中，第一透镜10包括第一表面11和第二表面12，第二透镜20包括第三表面21和第四表面22，第三透镜30包括第五表面31和第六表面32。本实施例1提供的光学模组中，第一透镜10、第二透镜20及第三透镜30的光学参数具体可如下表1。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000013
根据实施例1示出的光学模组，如图3至图6所示：图3是实施例1提供的光学模组的点列图示意图，图4是实施例1提供的光学模组的MTF曲线图，图5是实施例1提供光学模组的场曲畸变图，图6是实施例1提供的光 学模组的垂轴色差图。
点列图是指由一点发射出的许多光线经光学模组之后，因像差使其与像面的交点不再集中于同一点，而形成了一个散布在一定范围的弥散图形，可于评价光学模组的成像质量。如图3所示，在实施例1中，点列图中像点的最大值小于28μm。
MTF曲线图是调制传递函数图，通过黑白线对的对比度表征光学模组的成像清晰度。如图4所示，在实施例1中，MTF在20lp/mm下>0.45，成像清晰。
场曲畸变图反应的是不同视场成清晰像的像面位置差异，在实施例1中，如图5所示，场曲最大值小于0.4mm，本实施例畸变最大发生在1视场，最大值小于22％。
垂轴色差又称为倍率色差，主要是指物方的一根复色主光线，因折射系统存在色散，在像方出射时变成多根光线，蓝光与红光在像面上的焦点位置的差值。在实施例1中，如图6所示，最大色散为系统的1视场位置，光学模组的最大色差值小于240μm。
实施例2
本申请实施例2提供了一种光学模组，如图9所示，该光学模组包括：显示器80、分光元件40、第一相位延迟器50及偏振反射元件60，其中，所述第一相位延迟器50位于所述分光元件40与所述偏振反射元件60之间；
该光学模组还包括：第一透镜10、第二透镜20和第三透镜30，所述第一透镜10位于所述显示器80与所述分光元件40之间，所述第二透镜20位于所述第一透镜10与所述第三透镜30之间；所述第三透镜20的任一侧设置有所述第一相位延迟器50及所述偏振反射元件60；
如图8所示，所述分光元件40的光学有效口径D 2和所述显示器80的有效显示区域的高度D 1之间的差值与所述分光元件40到所述显示器80距离T的比值为2.94；
其中，所述分光元件40的光学有效口径D 2为40mm，所述显示器80的有效显示区域的高度D 1为25mm，所述分光元件40到所述显示器80距 离T为5.1mm。
在上述的范围内，如图14所示，显示器80发出的光线射入第一透镜10的入射角度范围<26°，光线入射到分光元件40的角度范围<41°。其中，第三透镜30的口径D满足：25mm≤D≤40mm。
其中，第一透镜10包括第一表面11和第二表面12，第二透镜20包括第三表面21和第四表面22，第三透镜30包括第五表面31和第六表面32。第一透镜10、第二透镜20及第三透镜30的光学参数具体可如下表2。
表2
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000014
根据实施例2提供的光学模组，如图10至图13所示：图10是实施例2提供的光学模组的点列图示意图，图11是实施例2提供的光学模组的MTF曲线图，图12是实施例2提供光学模组的场曲畸变图，图13是实施例2提供光学模组的垂轴色差图。
如图10所示，在实施例2中，点列图中像点的最大值小于8μm。
如图11所示，在实施例2中，MTF在20lp/mm下>0.65，成像清晰。
如图12所示，场曲畸变值小于0.06mm，本实施例畸变最大发生在1视场，最大值小于25％。
如图13所示，在实施例2中，最大色散为系统的1视场位置，光学模组的最大色差值小于190μm。
实施例3
本申请实施例3提供了一种光学模组，如图15所示，该光学模组包括：显示器80、分光元件40、第一相位延迟器50及偏振反射元件60，其中，所述第一相位延迟器50位于所述分光元件40与所述偏振反射元件60之间；
该光学模组还包括：第一透镜10、第二透镜20和第三透镜30，所述第一透镜10位于所述显示器80与所述分光元件40之间，所述第二透镜20位于所述第一透镜10与所述第三透镜30之间；所述第三透镜20的任一侧设置有所述第一相位延迟器50及所述偏振反射元件60；
如图8所示，所述分光元件40的光学有效口径D 2和所述显示器80的有效显示区域的高度D 1之间的差值与所述分光元件40到所述显示器80距离T的比值为3.5；
其中，所述分光元件40的光学有效口径D 2为40mm，所述显示器80的有效显示区域的高度D 1为25mm，所述分光元件40到所述显示器80距离T为4.3mm。
在上述的范围内，如图20所示，显示器80发出的光线射入第一透镜10的入射角度范围<26°，光线入射到分光元件40的角度范围≤40°。其中，第三透镜30的口径D满足：25mm≤D≤40mm。
其中，第一透镜10包括第一表面11和第二表面12，第二透镜20包括第三表面21和第四表面22，第三透镜30包括第五表面31和第六表面32。本实施例3提供的光学模组中，第一透镜10、第二透镜20及第三透镜30的光学参数具体可如下表3。
表3
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-000016
根据实施例3提供的光学模组，如图16至图19所示：图16是实施例3提供的光学模组的点列图示意图，图17是实施例3提供的光学模组的MTF曲线图，图18是实施例3提供的光学模组的场曲畸变图，图19是实施例3提供的光学模组的垂轴色差图。
如图16所示，在实施例3中，点列图中像点的最大值小于7μm。
如图17所示，在实施例3中，MTF在20lp/mm下>0.75，成像清晰。
如图18所示，场曲最大值小于0.05mm，本实施例畸变最大发生在1视场，最大值小于25％。
如图19所示，在实施例3中，最大色散为系统的1视场位置，光学模组的最大色差值小于190μm。
根据本申请实施例的另一方面，还提供了一种头戴显示设备，所述头戴显示设备包括壳体，以及如上述所述的光学模组。
所述头戴显示设备例如为VR头戴设备，包括VR眼镜或者VR头盔等，本申请实施例对此不做具体限制。
本申请实施例的头戴显示设备的具体实施方式可以参照上述显示模组各实施例，在此不再赘述。
上文实施例中重点描述的是各个实施例之间的不同，各个实施例之间不同的优化特征只要不矛盾，均可以组合形成更优的实施例，考虑到行文简洁，在此则不再赘述。
虽然已经通过示例对本实用新型的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上示例仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本实用新型的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本实用新型的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本实用新型的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种光学模组，其特征在于，包括显示器(80)、分光元件(40)、第一相位延迟器(50)及偏振反射元件(60)，其中，所述第一相位延迟器(50)位于所述分光元件(40)与所述偏振反射元件(60)之间；
    所述光学模组还包括依次设置的第一透镜(10)及第二透镜(20)，所述第一透镜(10)位于所述显示器(80)与所述分光元件(40)之间，所述第二透镜(20)位于所述分光元件(40)远离所述显示器(80)的一侧；
    所述分光元件(40)的光学有效口径D 2和所述显示器(80)的有效显示区域的高度D 1之间的差值与所述分光元件(40)到所述显示器(80)距离T的比值为2～6。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述分光元件(40)的光学有效口径D 2和所述显示器(80)的有效显示区域的高度D 1之间的差值与所述分光元件(40)到所述显示器(80)距离T的比值为2.9～4.2。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述显示器(80)的尺寸为1.0in～2.1in。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的光学模组，其特征在于，光线入射到所述分光元件(40)的角度为＜65°。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述光学模组还包括第三透镜(30)，所述第二透镜(20)位于所述第一透镜(10)与所述第三透镜(30)之间；
    所述第三透镜(20)的任一侧设置有所述第一相位延迟器(50)及所述偏振反射元件(60)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述第一透镜(10)的中心厚度T 1为2mm＜T 1＜5mm；
    所述第一透镜(10)包括第一表面(11)和第二表面(12)，所述第一表面(11)和所述第二表面(12)均为非球面。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述第一透镜(10)的光焦度
    Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-100001
    为正，且光焦度
    Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-100002
    满足：
    Figure PCTCN2022101448-appb-100003
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述第三透镜(30)的口径D满足：D 1≤D≤D 2。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述第二透镜(20)包括第三表面(21)和第四表面(22)，所述第三表面(21)为非球面，所述第四表面(22)为平面或者非球面；
    所述第三透镜(30)包括第五表面(31)和第六表面(32)，所述第五表面(31)和所述第六表面(32)均为非球面；
    其中，所述第四表面(22)与所述第五表面(31)相邻设置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述分光元件(40)位于所述第三表面(21)的一侧；
    所述第一相位延迟器(50)和所述偏振反射元件(60)依次设置于所述第四表面(22)与所述第六表面(32)之间。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述光学模组还包括偏光膜(70)，所述偏光膜(70)位于所述偏振反射元件(60)与所述第六表面(32)之间。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述分光元件(40)贴设于所述第三表面(21)；
    所述第一相位延迟器(50)贴设于所述第四表面(22)；
    所述偏振反射元件(60)和所述偏光膜(70)叠设形成膜层结构，并贴设于所述第六表面(32)。
  13. 根据权利要求5所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述第一透镜(10)、所述第二透镜(20)及所述第三透镜(30)的折射率n为：1.4＜n＜1.7；
    所述第一透镜(10)、所述第二透镜(20)及所述第三透镜(30)的色散系数v为：20＜v＜75。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述分光元件(40)的反射率为47％至53％。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述显示器(80)的出光面被配置为能够发射圆偏振光或者线偏振光；
    当所述显示器(80)的出光面发射的光线为线偏振光时，在所述显示器(80)的出光面与所述第一透镜(10)之间设置有第二相位延迟器，所述第二相位延迟器用以将线偏振光转变为圆偏振光。
  16. 一种头戴显示设备，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体；以及
    如权利要求1-15中任一项所述的光学模组。
PCT/CN2022/101448 2022-05-19 2022-06-27 光学模组以及头戴显示设备 WO2023221239A1 (zh)

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