Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/343—Heat recovery
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
  • A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
  • B01D53/44—Organic components
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/72—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D53/48 - B01D53/70, e.g. hydrocarbons
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
  • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
  • B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
  • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
  • B01D53/8678—Removing components of undefined structure
  • B01D53/8687—Organic components
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
  • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
  • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
  • B01D2255/20707—Titanium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/91—Bacteria; Microorganisms
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/93—Toxic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/708
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
  • B01D2258/06—Polluted air
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
  • B01D2259/65—Employing advanced heat integration, e.g. Pinch technology
  • B01D2259/655—Employing advanced heat integration, e.g. Pinch technology using heat storage materials
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
  • F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
  • F24F8/192—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by electrical means, e.g. by applying electrostatic fields or high voltages

Definitions

• Air purification, contaminated with dangerous biological components or toxic substances, by treatment at high temperatures, is known in the literature [1, 2, ... 8 ].
• All these devices consist mainly of an air heating module at a temperature between 200-300 degrees Celsius and a countercurrent heat exchanger used for cooling the treated air and recovering the heat. The recovered heat is used to preheat the air to be treated.
• This type of breathing apparatus is superior to devices that filter pathogens and toxic substances using the passage of air through filter materials. During operation, however, the pores of the filter materials become clogged with pathogens and filtered toxic substances, which leads, in a relatively short time, to the loss of purifying capacities and the need to replace them. Following their use, infected consumables are generated that require controlled destruction.
• Appliances based on thermal air purification have longer service times which are determined only by the capacity of the electricity sources. They do not generate infected consumables.
• this type of device still retains some drawbacks. These are related to the mass and the excessive volume of the heater and heat exchanger and the high consumption of electricity. To these inconveniences are added the complicated workmanship of making the apparatus and the high consumption of platinum or palladium used in making the thermooxidation catalyst.
• the device we propose comes with new solutions for the construction of the thermal-heating reactor (1) and replaces the countercurrent heat exchanger with two regenerative heat recuperators (2) that solve the problems listed above.
• the heater was built of several sheets of sheet spaced apart and superimposed in a package.
• the package was pierced by metal tubes in which electrical resistors were mounted. Heat was transferred by direct conduction from the electrical heater to the sheet metal sheets and then to the air.
• the realization was difficult and involved a large volume and mass of the heater .
• Figure 1 represents a cross section of the apparatus, in the area of the thermal reactor.
• Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus.
• the solution proposed for the construction of the thermal reactor (1) uses a nonwoven blanket of stainless steel wire (3) (steel wool) with a wire diameter between 25-100 ⁇ m.
• the wires are heated by an electrical resistor (4) wound on a ceramic plate (5) placed between the layers of wires. Due to the fineness of the wires, the heat exchange surface between the wires and the air is very large, the heating of the air being done instantly and evenly. This reduces the time required for the air to stay in the thermal reactor (1) resulting in a reduction in the volume and mass of the reactor (1).
• the reactor channel (6) is dug into a block of ceramic fibers (7).
• the walls of the channel (6) are lined with aluminum foil (8).
• Aluminum is the material that has maximum infrared reflectivity.
• the blanket of stainless steel wires (3) (steel wool) is heated by the electrical resistance (4) by radiation in the infrared spectrum.
• the phenomenon of radiation transfer is intensified by the reflection of radiation on the aluminum surfaces (8) that line the walls of the channel (6) of the thermal reactor (1).
• the thermal transfer between the electrical resistance (4) and the stainless steel wires (3) is reduced in weight due to the small contact surface between the resistance and the wires due to the small diameter of the wires.
• Heating by the Joule effect would form overheated points at the contact of the stainless steel wire - supply electrode which could lead to the ignition of the stainless steel wire blanket (3). Due to the fineness of the wires, the steel wire blanket (3) would ignite in the air at over 550 degrees Celsius. Due to this, Joule heating cannot be used in the construction of the thermal reactor (1) .
• thermooxidation catalyst Another advantage brought by the use of steel wool (3) is the possibility of using it as a support for the thermooxidation catalyst.
• the stainless steel wires are subjected to an anodizing process [9] [10] with the aim of producing a surface roughness, with the formation of nanopores of 50-150 nm.
• the TiO 2 catalystdoped with various metal oxides is deposited in these pores .
• FIG. 1 shows a cross section through the thermal reactor (1).
• the channel (6) dug into the ceramic fiber body (7) is filled with a blanket of stainless steel wires (3) placed on either side of the electrical resistance (4) wound on the ceramic plate (5) .
• the walls of the channel (6) are plated with aluminum foil (8) which ensures the reflection of IR radiation back on the stainless steel wires (3). Constructed in this way, the thermal reactor (1) ensures both air heating and catalytic thermal oxidation .
• the heat is taken from the heating element (4) by means of steel wool threads (3) and aluminum reflective foil (8) .
• the air After passing through the reactor (1) and the catalytic thermooxidation of pathogens and toxic substances, the air passes through the regenerator (2) no. 2, mounted at the other end of the channel (6). The air gives off the heat of the regenerator elements (9) and when it cools it enters the respiratory system.
• regenerator (2) no. 2 preheats and enters the heat reactor (1).
• regenerator (2) no. 1 it is also thermally sterilized by regenerator (2) no. 1, after the release of heat is released into the atmosphere .
• the regenerator (2) is constructed of a cylinder of ceramic fibers (10) having longitudinally inside a cylindrical channel (11) in which are placed the elements of the regenerator (9) , which constitute the thermal mass.
• the thermal conductivity in the direction perpendicular to the direction of air passage should also be low due to the reduction of heat losses ;
• the thermal capacity of the regenerator elements (9) must be greater than or equal to the sensitive heat given / received by the 0.5 liters of air, when passing through the regenerator during the 5 seconds.
• the regenerator (2) consists of overlapping discs, loaded into the cylinder channel (11) .
• the discs are made by rolling an aluminum foil of 0.03- 0.01 mm, 5-10mm wide, transversely corrugated, with 1mm the height between the corrugated tips.
• a rare fiberglass fabric was included between the layers of corrugated aluminum foil, acting as a spacer. This ensures both the preservation of the opening of the channels formed by corrugation and a decrease in thermal conductivity in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of air passage.
• FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the air purifier.
• the thermal reactor (1) is flanked on one side and on the other by the two regenerators (2). Each regenerator has 5 regenerating elements inside (9).
• the thermal reactor (1) and the regenerators (2) are mounted in a sheet metal cylinder (12) which mechanically protects them.
• a sheet metal cover (13) is provided with a nozzle (14) to which the flexible hose (15) which connects to the face mask is fixed.
• a jack is mounted on the cover (13) which connects to the power supply.
• Two conductors (16) make the electrical connection between the resistor (4) and the jack.
• This battery uses Li-Ion batteries and is equipped by the manufacturer with a circuit that stabilizes the voltage supplied to 5V throughout the operation of the device.
• the capacity of this battery can be chosen between 10,000-20,000 mA / hour, ensuring an uninterrupted operation of 3-6 hours.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=86383106

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Citations (6)

• 2022
  • 2022-05-09 RO ROA202200243A patent/RO137751A1/ro unknown
• 2023
  • 2023-04-13 WO PCT/RO2023/000002 patent/WO2023219524A1/en unknown

Patent Citations (6)

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