WO2023217110A1 - 一种保险丝盒、车载保护系统及车辆 - Google Patents
一种保险丝盒、车载保护系统及车辆 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023217110A1 WO2023217110A1 PCT/CN2023/092912 CN2023092912W WO2023217110A1 WO 2023217110 A1 WO2023217110 A1 WO 2023217110A1 CN 2023092912 W CN2023092912 W CN 2023092912W WO 2023217110 A1 WO2023217110 A1 WO 2023217110A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuse
- circuit
- protection
- power supply
- fuse box
- Prior art date
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010029216 Nervousness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000270295 Serpentes Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/20—Bases for supporting the fuse; Separate parts thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/20—Bases for supporting the fuse; Separate parts thereof
- H01H2085/2075—Junction box, having holders integrated with several other holders in a particular wiring layout
- H01H2085/208—Junction box, having holders integrated with several other holders in a particular wiring layout specially adapted for vehicles
Definitions
- This manual belongs to the field of vehicle technology, and specifically relates to a fuse box, a vehicle protection system and a vehicle.
- the power supply circuit requires a 48V fuse box Since the 48V system fuse box is structurally different from the 12V/24V system fuse box, in order to provide a 48V system fuse box suitable for automobiles, the fuse box needs to be redeveloped, that is, the box body needs to be compared to the existing 12V/24V system fuse box. Major changes, such as changing the injection mold, increase the development cost of the fuse box. Therefore, how to reduce the cost of the fuse box in the car, thereby reducing the development cost of the car, has become an urgent technical problem that needs to be solved.
- the purpose of the embodiments of this specification is to provide a fuse box, a vehicle protection system and a vehicle, which can reduce the development cost of fuse boxes for different voltage systems in the vehicle, thereby reducing the development cost of the vehicle.
- a fuse box which includes a housing and a protection circuit
- the protection circuit is arranged inside the housing, and the protection circuit includes a first circuit and a second circuit;
- the first circuit includes a first power interface and a plurality of first protection branches. Each first protection branch is provided with a fuse module. One end of the first protection branch is connected to the first protection branch through the first power interface. Power supply, the other end of the first protection branch is connected to the first electrical appliance;
- the second circuit includes a second power interface and a plurality of second protection branches.
- Each second protection branch is provided with at least two fuse modules connected in series. One end of the second protection branch passes through the first protection branch.
- the second power interface is connected to the second power supply, and the other end of the second protection branch is connected to the second electrical appliance.
- the output voltage of the first power supply is lower than the output voltage of the second power supply.
- first protection branches in the first circuit are connected in parallel; a plurality of second protection branches in the second circuit are connected in parallel.
- embodiments of this specification also provide a vehicle-mounted protection system, which includes a power supply end, a control end, electrical appliances, and the above-mentioned fuse box;
- the power terminal includes a first power terminal with a first output voltage and a second power terminal with a second output voltage;
- the electrical appliance includes a first electrical appliance and a second electrical appliance;
- the first power terminal is connected to the first circuit of the fuse box and is used to output a first output voltage to the first circuit;
- the second power terminal is connected to the second circuit of the fuse box and is used to outputting a second output voltage to the second circuit;
- the first electrical appliance is connected to the first circuit, and the second electrical appliance is connected to the second circuit;
- the control terminal is connected to an electrical control device in the fuse box, and is used to control the power on and off of the first circuit and/or the second circuit in the fuse box.
- embodiments of this specification also provide a vehicle, which includes the above-mentioned fuse box.
- the fuse box includes a shell and a protection circuit.
- the protection circuit is arranged inside the shell.
- the protection circuit includes A first circuit and a second circuit, wherein the first circuit is used to provide a fuse circuit for a first electrical appliance, and the second circuit is used to provide a fuse circuit for a second electrical consumer.
- the first electrical appliance and the second electrical appliance Electrical appliances are suitable for power supplies with different output voltages.
- the first circuit includes a plurality of first protection branches connected in parallel. Each first protection branch is provided with a fuse module.
- the second circuit includes a second power interface and a plurality of first protection branches. The second protection branches are connected in parallel.
- Each second protection branch is provided with at least two fuse modules connected in series.
- a short-circuit fuse occurs in the second protection branch, the second power supply and The arcing voltage of the second electrical appliance to realize the arcing connection exceeds the output voltage of the second power supply.
- the embodiments of this specification can provide a fuse circuit for the power supply system that meets both low voltage and high voltage, and can reduce the risk of fuse boxes of different voltage systems in the vehicle. development costs, thereby reducing vehicle development costs.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a fuse box provided by an embodiment of this specification
- Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the protection circuit in the embodiment of this specification
- Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the operation of the fuse box in the embodiment of this specification
- Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the series structure of the insurance module in the embodiment of this specification
- Figure 5 shows a second circuit schematic diagram in the embodiment of this specification
- Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the electrical interface in the embodiment of this specification.
- the fuse box may include a housing 10 and a protection circuit 20;
- the protection circuit 20 is arranged inside the housing 10, and the protection circuit 20 includes a first circuit 21 and a second circuit 23;
- the first circuit 21 includes a first power interface 22 and a plurality of first protection branches 211 connected in parallel. Each first protection branch 211 is provided with a fuse module 25. One end of the first protection branch 211 passes through the first power supply.
- the interface 22 is connected to the first power supply 30, and the other end of the first protection branch 211 is connected to the first electrical appliance 50;
- the second circuit 23 includes a second power interface 24 and a plurality of second protection branches 231 connected in parallel. Each second protection branch 231 is provided with at least two fuse modules 25 connected in series. The second protection branches 231 One end of the second protection branch 231 is connected to the second power supply 40 through the second power interface 24, and the other end of the second protection branch 231 is connected to the second electrical appliance 60. When a short circuit fuse occurs in the second protection branch 231, the second protection branch 231 The arcing voltage of the arc connection between the second power supply 40 and the second electrical appliance 60 exceeds the output voltage of the second power supply 40;
- the output voltage of the first power supply 30 is lower than the output voltage of the second power supply 40 .
- FIG. 3 it is a schematic diagram of the working connection of the fuse box.
- the protection circuit 20 is set as the first circuit 21 and the second circuit 23.
- the first circuit 21 provides a fuse for the power supply circuit of the first power supply 30
- the second circuit 23 provides a fuse for the power supply circuit of the second power supply 40.
- the first power supply 30 and the second power supply 40 have different output voltages
- different vehicle-mounted electrical appliances have different applicable voltages, so they can be divided into first electrical appliances 50 and second electrical appliances 60 , where the working voltage of the first electrical appliance 50 is consistent with the output voltage of the first power supply 30 , and the second electrical appliance 60 .
- the working voltage of the electrical appliance 60 is consistent with the output voltage of the second power supply 40.
- the second power supply 40 outputs a higher voltage.
- Each second protection branch 231 of the second circuit 23 in the second power supply 40 is provided with a series connection.
- At least two fuse modules 25 are connected, so that the arcing voltage between the first and last two fuse modules 25 on each second protection branch 231 exceeds the output voltage of the second power supply 40, thereby preventing the power supply circuit of the second power supply 40 from being When a short-circuit fuse occurs, arcing occurs, ensuring that the second The reliability of circuit 23 fusing improves the ability of the fuse box to apply to different power supply systems, thus reducing the development cost of fuse boxes for different power supply systems.
- At least two fuse modules 25 are provided in each second protection branch 231.
- the fuse module 25 on the second protection branch 231 is short-circuited and blown, thereby forming a short circuit.
- two breakpoints in each fuse module 25 in the second protection branch 231 need to be connected.
- the setting of 25 increases the arcing distance (that is, the distance between the two farthest breakpoints in multiple fuse modules 25 is the arcing distance), thus requiring a higher arcing voltage to realize the arcing connection of the power supply circuit.
- each fuse module 25 in the fuse box is the same or similar, that is, short-circuit fusing will occur under a specified fusing current value, thereby protecting electrical appliances.
- the first circuit 21 and the second circuit 23 can be arranged on the same circuit board, thereby improving the utilization efficiency and integration level of the circuit board, thereby improving the space utilization efficiency of the entire fuse box, and thus effectively Reduce the size of the fuse box.
- the first power interface 22 can be a 12V wiring post, and the second power interface 24 can be a 48V wiring post.
- the first power supply 30 can be a 12V or 32V power supply, and the second power supply 40 can be a 48V wiring post.
- each first protection branch 211 can be connected to the first electrical appliance 50, so that one fuse box can be used to provide multiple first electrical appliances. 50 provides fuse protection.
- multiple second protection branches 231 are provided to provide fuse protection for multiple different second electrical appliances 60 through one fuse box, thereby improving the reliability of the fuse box operation and increasing its usage efficiency.
- the fuse module 25 includes a connection terminal 251 and a fuse 252, and the fuse 252 is connected to the connection terminal 251;
- Each second protection branch 231 is provided with at least two fuse modules 25 arranged side by side, and the connection terminals 251 in two adjacent fuse modules 25 are connected through copper foil 26 .
- the fuse module 25 can be set on the circuits that need to be connected according to actual needs, thereby ensuring the complete isolation of other circuits that do not have working requirements and ensuring the working effect of the fuse box.
- the connecting terminal 251 can be connected to the completely insulated fuse 252 port, when the fuse 252 is not provided on the connecting terminal 251, the connecting terminal 251 Both ends are completely insulated, that is, the first protection branch 211 or the second protection branch 231 where the fuse module 25 corresponding to the connection terminal 251 is located is in an open circuit state. When the fuse 252 is set on the connection terminal 251, the connection terminal 251 The circuit at both ends is connected.
- the fuse 252 may be a mini fuse and/or a slow-blow fuse.
- the fuses 252 in the same second protection branch 231 are of the same type, which ensures that they can be disconnected at the same time when a short circuit fuse occurs.
- the types of fuses 252 corresponding to different electrical appliances may be different, and different short-circuit protection circuits may be configured for different electrical appliances according to actual needs.
- connection terminal 251 is provided with a positive terminal 251 a and a negative terminal 251 b.
- One end of the fuse 252 is connected to the positive terminal 251 a, and the other end of the fuse 252 is connected to the negative terminal 251 b.
- the arrangement direction of the two fuse modules 25 in the second protection branch 231 is perpendicular to the connection direction of the positive terminal 251a and the negative terminal 251b in the connection terminal 251.
- the current flows from the positive terminal 251a of the right fuse module 25 through the right terminal.
- the fuse 252 of the side fuse module 25 flows through the negative terminal 251b of the right fuse module 25, and the current flows into the positive terminal 251a of the left fuse module 25 through the copper foil 26 connected between the two fuse modules.
- connection terminal 251 Since different connection terminals 251 are insulated from each other, the positive terminal 251a and the negative terminal 251b are provided in the connection terminal 251, and the fuse 252 can be provided on the positive terminal 251a and the negative terminal 251b of the connection terminal 251, and the current is specified.
- the fuse modules 25 in the second protection branch 231 can be arranged side by side, for example, in the horizontal direction, which is equivalent to arranging the connection terminals 251 in the fuse module 25 in the horizontal direction.
- connection direction of the positive terminal 251a and the negative terminal 251b in each connection terminal 251 is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, so that when the current flows through different fuses in each second protection branch 231 It circulates according to the discount path, thereby making the arrangement between the fuse modules 25 closer, thereby reducing the space occupied by each second protection branch 231, reducing the volume of the entire fuse box, and improving convenience.
- the folded line shape may be a snake shape, a "bow" shape, etc., and the specific folded line shape is not limited in the embodiments of this specification.
- At least two fuses 252 can be arranged in a smaller space.
- Each fuse 252 has the same fusing characteristics. Since it is a series circuit, the at least two fuses 252 correspond to each other.
- the power supply circuit is short-circuited and fuses simultaneously. After the short-circuit, there are at least two break points in the power supply circuit.
- the arcing voltage at the distance between the two farthest break points exceeds the output voltage of the second power supply 40, so there is no There is no way to achieve arcing, and the arcing voltage can be the minimum voltage to achieve arcing connection between two circuit break points (that is, arcing circuit connection), so This power supply circuit cannot realize the possibility of arc connection again, so the above-mentioned current zigzag flow arrangement can not only meet the circuit short-circuit protection function, but also further reduce the size of the fuse box.
- the positions of the positive terminal 251a and the negative terminal 251b of the connecting terminals 251 in two adjacent fuse modules 25 on the same second protection branch 231 need to be set in opposite directions, so that the current can flow through the adjacent terminals 251a and 251b.
- the two fuses are in opposite directions, thereby realizing a zigzag flow path of the current, thereby improving the arrangement efficiency of the connection terminals 251 in the fuse box and the efficiency of copper plating, making the circuit board in the fuse box more concise and tidy , to facilitate subsequent configuration of the fuse 252.
- the arrangement direction of the fuse module 25 on the second protection branch 231 is consistent with the connection direction of the positive terminal 251a and the negative terminal 251b in the connection terminal 251, so that the current flow path in the connection terminal 251 is a straight line.
- the fuse modules 25 in each second protection branch 231 are arranged in a horizontal direction.
- the positive terminal 251a and the negative terminal 251b in each connecting terminal 251 are also arranged in a horizontal direction, and the positive terminal 251a in each connecting terminal 251 is connected to the negative terminal 251b in the horizontal direction.
- the current flow directions of the extreme ends 251b are consistent, so that in each second protection branch 231, the current flows through all the fuses 252 in a linear direction, ensuring the orderliness of the arrangement of the fuse modules 25.
- each second protection branch 231 is provided with two fuse modules 25, and the load is the second electrical appliance 60.
- the fuse module 25 in the same second protection branch 231 is the same, so the fusing characteristics are the same. Since it is a series circuit, when the power supply circuit corresponding to the second protection branch 231 is short-circuited, the current suddenly increases, causing the second protection branch to The fuses 252 in the two fuse modules 25 in the circuit 231 heat up and melt. At this time, four breakpoints appear, namely A, B, C and D.
- the circuit between the breakpoints B and D is in an open circuit state, and the breakpoints A and Because D is far away (the distance is the circuit connection distance, such as the sum of the distance from A to B and the distance from C to D), it is impossible to draw the arc under the action of 48V voltage. Therefore, the power supply circuit after the short circuit does not pass the arc. It is possible for the arc to be connected again, so the fuse module 25 connected in series can meet the 48V short circuit protection function.
- connection terminals 251 in different second insurance branches in each fuse box can be arranged in different ways, and the number of second insurance branches can also be set according to the actual situation. In the embodiment of this specification There are no restrictions in it.
- each first protection branch 211 also has a plurality of first protection sub-branch (not shown in the figure) connected in parallel, and each first protection sub-branch is provided with at least one fuse module 25 .
- the first electrical consumer 50 can be connected to each first protection sub-branch, thereby improving the efficiency of each first protection branch 211.
- the number of electrical appliances used for short-circuit protection increases and the scope of application of the fuse box is increased. Further, set an insurance in each first protection sub-branch.
- Module 25 since the power supply of the first protection sub-branch is the first power supply 30, which belongs to the low voltage category (such as 12V), therefore when a short circuit occurs, the single fuse module 25 is short-circuited and fuses, and the output voltage of the first power supply 30 cannot be achieved. The arc is drawn, so that a single fuse module 25 can also realize the short-circuit protection function of the first power supply 30 .
- the arcing voltage of a single connection terminal 251 may be greater than the output voltage of the first power supply 30 .
- each second protection branch 231 is provided with two fuse modules 25 arranged in series. That is, arranging two series-connected fuse modules 25 in each second protection branch 231 can avoid the occurrence of arcing phenomenon under the output voltage of the second power supply 40.
- each second protection branch 231 can The sum of the distances between the positive terminal 251a and the negative terminal 251b in the connection terminals 251 of all the fuse modules 25 is not less than the specified distance. The specified distance can be used when the second protection branch 231 is short-circuited and fused and cannot achieve arc connection. distance.
- the sum of the distances between the positive terminal 251a and the negative terminal 251b in the connection terminals 251 of all the fuse modules 25 in the second protection branch 231 is M, and in The maximum distance that can achieve an arc connection under the action of the output voltage of the second power supply 40 is N.
- M is greater than N, it can be ensured that even when the second protection branch 231 in the power supply system of the second power supply 40 is short-circuited and fused, it cannot be realized.
- the arc connection can improve the reliability and stability of the short-circuit protection function of the second protection branch 231.
- an insulation distance needs to be maintained between different fuse modules 25 , that is, two adjacent connection terminals 251 , especially the connection terminals in two adjacent fuse modules 25 on the same second protection branch 231 251 needs to maintain an insulation distance, so as to avoid the occurrence of a short circuit when the two connecting terminals 251 are too close to the positive terminal 251a of the connecting terminal 251 on the power side and the negative terminal 251b of the connecting terminal 251 on the second electrical appliance 60 side. Electrical connection phenomena such as arcing, therefore in order to improve the independence of work between different circuits in the entire fuse box, a preset distance should be maintained between any two fuse modules 25.
- each second protection support The distance between two adjacent insurance modules 25 on the road 231 is not less than the preset distance.
- the minimum preset distance may be a safe distance at which two adjacent fuse modules 25 maintain insulation under the output voltage of the second power supply 40 .
- the specific value of the preset distance is not limited in the embodiment of this specification.
- the housing 10 is provided with an electrical appliance interface, and the electrical appliance interface includes a first electrical appliance interface 11 and a second electrical appliance interface 12;
- Each first protection branch 211 corresponds to a first electrical appliance interface 11, and the first electrical appliance interface 11 is used to connect the first electrical appliance 50;
- Each second protection branch 231 corresponds to a second electrical consumer interface 12 , and the second electrical consumer interface 12 is used to connect the second electrical consumer 60 .
- the casing 10 can be provided with an interface for connecting to external electrical appliances. Since there are two sets of power supply circuits inside the fuse box, two different types of electrical appliance interfaces can be provided on the casing 10 , one for the first power supply and one for the first power supply circuit.
- the electrical appliances connected to the first electrical appliance interface 11 are powered by the first power supply 30, and the electrical appliances connected to the second electrical consumer interface 12 are powered by the second power supply 40, thereby avoiding the need for electrical appliances to be connected. Misuse of the interface, thereby protecting electrical appliances and improving the accuracy and convenience of using the fuse box.
- a sealing plug in order to improve the sealing effect of the fuse box and prevent external dust from entering the inside of the fuse box and affecting its working stability, a sealing plug can also be provided on the electrical appliance interface, and the sealing plug matches the electrical appliance interface. This can prevent external dust from entering the inside of the fuse box through the electrical appliance interface.
- the sealing plug can also be connected to the casing. 10, it avoids the loss of the sealing plug after pulling it out, and improves the use experience of the fuse box.
- the housing 10 includes a first housing and a second housing, the first housing and the second housing are snap-connected, and an accommodation space is formed between the first housing and the second housing.
- the protection circuit 20 is arranged in the accommodation space.
- the first housing can be a top housing
- the second housing can be a bottom housing.
- the circuit board (or circuit board) where the protection circuit 20 is located is fixed on the bottom housing, thereby preventing the circuit board from shaking inside the housing 10.
- the snap-on connection facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the fuse box, improving maintenance efficiency.
- the fuse box also includes an electrical control device
- the electrical control device is provided on the connection line of the first circuit 21 and/or the second circuit 23.
- the electrical control device is connected to an external controller and used to control the power on and off of the first circuit 21 and/or the second circuit 23.
- the first protection branch can be 211 or the second protection branch 231 is provided with an electrical control device.
- the electrical control device can be connected to an external controller through a control line, thereby receiving control instructions from the external controller.
- Electrical control devices include relays and/or MCUs.
- the fuse box provided by the embodiment of this specification can provide short-circuit fuse circuits for different power supply systems at the same time, and by setting at least two fuse modules 25 connected in series on the second fuse branch, two at the beginning and the end of each second protection branch 231
- the arcing voltage between the fuse modules 25 exceeds the output voltage of the second power supply 40 , thus satisfying the higher voltage short-circuit protection function, which can reduce the development cost of fuse boxes for different voltage systems in the vehicle, thereby reducing the development cost of the vehicle.
- embodiments of this specification also provide a vehicle-mounted protection system, which includes a power supply end, a control end, electrical appliances and the above-mentioned fuse box;
- the power supply terminal includes a first power supply terminal 30 with a first output voltage and a second power supply terminal 40 with a second output voltage; electrical appliances include a first electrical appliance 50 and a second electrical appliance 60;
- the first power supply 30 terminal is connected to the first circuit 21 of the fuse box and is used to output the first output voltage to the first circuit 21;
- the second power supply 40 terminal is connected to the second circuit 23 of the fuse box and is used to output the first output voltage to the second circuit 23. Output the second output voltage;
- the first electrical consumer 50 is connected to the first circuit 21, and the second electrical consumer 60 is connected to the second circuit 23;
- the control end is connected to the electrical control device in the fuse box, and is used to control the power on and off of the first circuit 21 and/or the second circuit 23 in the fuse box.
- the working circuit in the protection circuit 20 of the fuse box can be determined according to the number of electrical consumers. For example, when it is determined that there are two first electrical consumers 50 and three second electrical consumers 60, then two first electrical consumers 60 can be determined. One protection branch 211 and three second protection branches 231, and then insert the corresponding fuse 252 on the connection terminal 251 of the corresponding circuit, so that the fuse box meets the short-circuit protection function of the above five electrical appliances, and then each Each electrical appliance is connected to the corresponding electrical appliance port, and the corresponding power supply is connected to the two power interfaces of the fuse box.
- this specification also provides a vehicle, which includes the fuse box provided above.
- the vehicle may be an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, etc.
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Abstract
本说明书实施例提供了一种保险丝盒、车载保护系统及车辆，保险丝盒设有第一电路和第二电路；第一电路包括多个并联连接的第一保护支路，第一保护支路上设有保险模块，第一保护支路的一端通过第一电源接口连接第一电源；第二电路包括第二电源接口和多个并联连接的第二保护支路，每个第二保护支路上设有串联连接的至少两个保险模块，第二保护支路的一端通过第二电源接口连接第二电源，当所述第二保护支路发生短路熔断时，该第二保护支路上第二电源和第二用电器实现拉弧连接的拉弧电压超过第二电源的输出电压；第一电源的输出电压低于第二电源的输出电压，本说明书实施例可以降低车辆中不同电压系统保险丝盒的开发成本，进而降低了车辆的开发成本。
Description
本申请要求享有2022年5月11日递交、申请号为202210532377.6、名称为“一种保险丝盒、车载保护系统及车辆”的中国专利的优先权，该专利的所有内容在此全部引入。
本说明书属于车辆技术领域，具体涉及一种保险丝盒、车载保护系统及车辆。
随着汽车的发展，48V弱混系统在乘用车及商用汽车上应用越来越广泛，48V车载用电器的使用数量越来越多，为了匹配48V系统的用电器，供电回路需要48V保险丝盒，由于48V系统保险丝盒与12V/24V系统保险丝盒在结构上不同，因此为了能提供适用汽车的48V系统保险丝盒，需要重新开发保险丝盒，即盒子本体相对现有的12V/24V系统保险丝盒需要较大改动，比如更改注塑模具等，从而增加了保险丝盒的开发成本，因此如何降低汽车中保险丝盒的成本，从而降低汽车的开发成本成为目前亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的上述问题，本说明书实施例的目的在于，提供一种保险丝盒、车载保护系统及车辆，可以降低车辆中不同电压系统保险丝盒的开发成本，进而降低了车辆的开发成本。
为了解决上述技术问题，本说明书实施例的具体技术方案如下：
一方面，本说明书实施例提供一种保险丝盒，所述保险丝盒包括外壳和保护电路；
所述保护电路设置在所述外壳的内部，所述保护电路包括第一电路和第二电路；
所述第一电路包括第一电源接口和多个第一保护支路，每个第一保护支路上设有保险模块，所述第一保护支路的一端通过所述第一电源接口连接第一电源，所述第一保护支路的另一端连接第一用电器；
所述第二电路包括第二电源接口和多个第二保护支路，每个第二保护支路上设有串联连接的至少两个保险模块，所述第二保护支路的一端通过所述第二电源接口连接第二电源，所述第二保护支路的另一端连接第二用电器，当所述第二保护支路发生短路熔断
时，该第二保护支路上第二电源和第二用电器实现拉弧连接的拉弧电压超过所述第二电源的输出电压；
所述第一电源的输出电压低于所述第二电源的输出电压。
进一步地，所述第一电路中的多个第一保护支路并联连接；所述第二电路中的多个第二保护支路并联连接。
另一方面，本说明书实施例还提供一种车载保护系统，所述系统包括电源端、控制端、用电器和上述所述的保险丝盒；
所述电源端包括具有第一输出电压的第一电源端和具有第二输出电压的第二电源端；所述用电器包括第一用电器和第二用电器；
所述第一电源端与所述保险丝盒的第一电路连接，用于向所述第一电路输出第一输出电压；所述第二电源端与所述保险丝盒的第二电路连接，用于向第二电路输出第二输出电压；
所述第一用电器与所述第一电路连接，所述第二用电器与所述第二电路连接；
所述控制端与所述保险丝盒中的电控制器件连接，用于控制所述保险丝盒中第一电路和/或第二电路的通断电。
最后，本说明书实施例还提供一种车辆，所述车辆包括上述所述的保险丝盒。
采用上述技术方案，本说明书实施例所述的一种保险丝盒、车载保护系统及车辆，所述保险丝盒包括外壳和保护电路，所述保护电路设置在所述外壳的内部，所述保护电路包括第一电路和第二电路，其中第一电路用于为第一用电器提供保险电路，所述第二电路用于给第二用电器提供保险电路，所述第一用电器和所述第二用电器适用不同输出电压的电源，其中第一电路包括多个并联连接的第一保护支路，每个第一保护支路上设有保险模块，所述第二电路包括第二电源接口和多个并联连接的第二保护支路，每个第二保护支路上设有串联连接的至少两个保险模块，当所述第二保护支路发生短路熔断时，该第二保护支路上第二电源和第二用电器实现拉弧连接的拉弧电压超过所述第二电源的输出电压，本说明书实施例可以提供同时满足低压和高压的供电系统的保险电路，可以降低车辆中不同电压系统保险丝盒的开发成本，进而降低了车辆的开发成本。
为让本说明书实施例的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并配合所附图式，作详细说明如下。
为了更清楚地说明本说明书实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本说明书的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1示出了本说明书实施例提供的保险丝盒的结构示意图；
图2示出了本说明书实施例中保护电路的示意图；
图3示出了本说明书实施例中保险丝盒工作示意图；
图4示出了本说明书实施例中保险模块串联结构示意图；
图5示出了本说明书实施例中第二电路示意图；
图6示出了本说明书实施例中用电器接口示意图。
附图符号说明：
10、外壳；11、第一用电器接口；12、第二用电器接口；20、保护电路；21、第一
电路；22、第一电源接口；23、第二电路；24、第二电源接口；25、保险模块；26、铜箔；30、第一电源；40、第二电源；50、第一用电器；60、第二用电器；211、第一保护支路；231、第二保护支路；251、连接端子；252、熔断件；251a、正极端；251b、负极端。
10、外壳；11、第一用电器接口；12、第二用电器接口；20、保护电路；21、第一
电路；22、第一电源接口；23、第二电路；24、第二电源接口；25、保险模块；26、铜箔；30、第一电源；40、第二电源；50、第一用电器；60、第二用电器；211、第一保护支路；231、第二保护支路；251、连接端子；252、熔断件；251a、正极端；251b、负极端。
下面将结合本说明书实施例中的附图，对本说明书实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本说明书一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本说明书中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本说明书实施例保护的范围。
需要说明的是，本说明书实施例的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本说明书的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、装置、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
现有技术中，由于车辆中48V弱混系统的广泛应用，因此对48V系统的供电回路中配置的48V保险丝盒也有较大的需求，由于48V系统保险丝盒与12V/24V系统保险丝盒在结构上不同，因此为了能提供适用车辆的48V系统保险丝盒，需要重新开发保险丝盒，即盒子本体相对现有的12V/24V系统保险丝盒需要较大改动，比如更改注塑模具等，从而增加了保险丝盒的开发成本，因此如何降低新能源车辆中保险丝盒的成本成为目前亟需解决的技术问题。
为了解决上述问题，本说明书实施例提供一种保险丝盒，保险丝盒可以同时满足12V供电系统和48V供电系统的安全要求，从而可以降低保险丝盒的开发成本。具体地，如图1-图2所示，保险丝盒可以包括外壳10和保护电路20；
保护电路20设置在外壳10的内部，保护电路20包括第一电路21和第二电路23；
第一电路21包括第一电源接口22和多个并联连接的第一保护支路211，每个第一保护支路211上设有保险模块25，第一保护支路211的一端通过第一电源接口22连接第一电源30，第一保护支路211的另一端连接第一用电器50；
第二电路23包括第二电源接口24和多个并联连接的第二保护支路231，每个第二保护支路231上设有串联连接的至少两个保险模块25，第二保护支路231的一端通过第二电源接口24连接第二电源40，第二保护支路231的另一端连接第二用电器60，当第二保护支路231发生短路熔断时，该第二保护支路231上第二电源40和第二用电器60实现拉弧连接的拉弧电压超过第二电源40的输出电压；
第一电源30的输出电压低于第二电源40的输出电压。
可以理解为，如图3所示，为保险丝盒的工作连接示意图，本说明书实施例中在保险丝盒中设置两个独立的保险电路，即将保护电路20设为第一电路21和第二电路23，其中第一电路21为第一电源30的供电电路提供熔断保险，第二电路23为第二电源40的供电电路提供熔断保险，由于第一电源30和第二电源40有不同的输出电压，相应地，不同的车载用电器适用电压也不同，因此可以分为第一用电器50和第二用电器60，其中第一用电器50的工作电压与第一电源30的输出电压一致，第二用电器60的工作电压与第二电源40的输出电压一致，同时第二电源40输出较高的电压，将第二电源40中第二电路23中每个第二保护支路231中设有串联连接的至少两个保险模块25，从而使得每个第二保护支路231上首尾两个保险模块25之间拉弧电压超过第二电源40的输出电压，避免了第二电源40的供电电路在发生短路熔断时出现拉弧现象，保证了第二
电路23熔断的可靠性，从而提高了保险丝盒适用不同供电系统的能力，进而降低了对不同供电系统的保险丝盒的开发成本。
在每个第二保护支路231设置至少两个保险模块25，在第二保护支路231对应的供电电路发生短路中，该第二保护支路231上的保险模块25发生短路熔断，从而形成多个断点，要想实现供电电路的拉弧连通，需要将第二保护支路231中每个保险模块25中的两个断点实现连接，相对单个保险模块25的设置，多个保险模块25的设置增加了拉弧距离(即多个保险模块25中距离最远的两个断点之间的距离为拉弧距离)，从而需要更高的拉弧电压才能实现供电电路的拉弧连接，因此可以将多个保险模块25实现拉弧连接的拉弧电压设定为大于第二电源40的输出电压时，在第二电源40的供电系统中就无法实现拉弧连接，从而保证了保险丝盒中第二保护支路231的可靠性。
需要说明的是，保险丝盒中每个保险模块25的熔断特性相同或相似，即在指定的熔断电流值下会发生短路熔断，从而保护了用电器。
在本说明书实施例中，第一电路21和第二电路23可以设置在同一个线路板中，从而提高线路板的利用效率和集成度，进而提高了整个保险丝盒的空间利用效率，进而有效的降低保险丝盒的体积。
第一电源接口22可以为12V接线桩，第二电源接口24可以为48V接线桩，相应地，第一电源30可以为12V或32V电源，第二电源40可以为48V接线桩。
在本说明书实施例中，通过设置多个第一保护支路211，每个第一保护支路211上可以连接第一用电器50，从而可以通过一个保险丝盒为多个不同的第一用电器50提供熔断保险，相应地，设置多个第二保护支路231，以通过一个保险丝盒为多个不同的第二用电器60提供熔断保险，从而提高了保险丝盒工作的可靠性，增加了其利用效率。
在本说明书实施例中，如图4所示，保险模块25包括连接端子251和熔断件252，熔断件252连接在连接端子251上；
每个第二保护支路231中设置至少两个并排设置的保险模块25，相邻两个保险模块25中的连接端子251之间通过铜箔26连接。
可以理解为，由于保险丝盒中的第一电路21或第二电路23可能不会完全利用(即可能不会全部工作)，因此通过将保险模块25设置为独立的连接端子251和熔断件252，可以根据实际需要将其中需要连通的电路上设置熔断件252，从而保证了其他没有工作需求的电路的完全隔离，保证了保险丝盒的工作效果，其中连接端子251可以为完全绝缘的熔断件252连接端口，当连接端子251上未设置熔断件252时，连接端子251
两端完全绝缘，即该连接端子251所对应的保险模块25所在的第一保护支路211或第二保护支路231处于断路状态，当熔断件252设置在连接端子251上时，连接端子251两端电路连通。
熔断件252可以为迷你保险丝和/或慢熔保险丝。
需要说明的是，在同一个第二保护支路231中的熔断件252的类型一致，这样可以保证在发生短路熔断时能同时断开。另外不同的用电器对应的熔断件252的类型可以不一致，可以根据实际需要为不同的用电器配置不同的短路保护电路。
在本说明书实施例中，继续参考图4，连接端子251上设有正极端251a和负极端251b，熔断件252的一端连接正极端251a，熔断件252的另一端连接负极端251b。
第二保护支路231中两个保险模块25的排布方向与连接端子251中正极端251a和负极端251b的连线方向相垂直，电流例如从右侧保险模块25的正极端251a流入，通过右侧保险模块25的熔断件252后流过右侧保险模块25的负极端251b，所述电流再通过两个保险模块之间连接的铜箔26流入到左侧保险模块25的正极端251a，所述电流通过左侧保险模块25的熔断件252后，在左侧保险模块25的负极端251b输出，以使两个保险模块25中连接端子251中电流流通路径为折线形。
由于不同连接端子251之间是相互绝缘的，在连接端子251中设置正极端251a和负极端251b，可以将熔断件252设置在连接端子251的正极端251a和负极端251b上，并规定了电流在连接端子251中的流通方向，本说明书实施例可以将第二保护支路231中的保险模块25并排排列，比如在沿水平方向排列，相当于将保险模块25中的连接端子251沿水平方向排列，同时，每个连接端子251中正极端251a和负极端251b的连通方向为与水平方向相垂直的的方向，这样可以使得在每个第二保护支路231中电流流经不同的熔断件时是按照折现路径流通的，从而使得保险模块25之间的排列更加紧密，进而降低了每个第二保护支路231的占用空间，降低了整个保险丝盒的体积，提高了便捷性，作为可选地，所述折线形可以为蛇型、“弓”字形等，具体的折线形在本说明书实施例中不做限定。
通过电流流通路径的折线形设置，可以在较小的空间内，设置至少两个熔断件252，每个熔断件252的熔断特性相同，由于其为串联电路，在该至少两个熔断件252对应的供电电路出现短路而发生同时熔断，在短路后在该供电电路中至少有两个断路点，最远的两个断路点的距离的拉弧电压超过了第二电源40的输出电压，故而没法实现拉弧，拉弧电压可以为实现两个断路点之间拉弧连接(即拉弧电路连通)的最小电压，因
此该供电电路无法实现再次拉弧连接的可能，因此通过上述电流折线形流通设置既能满足回路短路保护功能，还能进一步的减少保险丝盒的体积。
需要说明的是，需要将同一个第二保护支路231上相邻两个保险模块25中的连接端子251的正极端251a和负极端251b的位置朝向相反设置，这样可以使得电流流经相邻两个熔断件时为相反的方向，进而实现了电流的折线形流通路径，从而提高了在保险丝盒中连接端子251的排布效率，以及覆铜的效率，使得保险丝盒中电路板更简洁整齐，便于后续配置熔断件252。
在一些其他实施例中，第二保护支路231上保险模块25的排布方向与连接端子251中正极端251a和负极端251b的连线方向一致，以使连接端子251中电流流通路径为直线。比如，每个第二保护支路231中的保险模块25呈水平方向排列，同时每个连接端子251中正极端251a和负极端251b也都呈水平方向，并且每个连接端子251中正极端251a到负极端251b的电流流通方向一致，从而使得在每个第二保护支路231中电流沿直线方向流经全部的熔断件252，保证了保险模块25排布的整齐性。
示例性地，如图5所示，为第二电路23的一个示意图，第二电源40为48V电源，每个第二保护支路231设置两个保险模块25，负载为第二用电器60，同一个第二保护支路231中的保险模块25相同，因此熔断特性相同，由于为串联电路，当该第二保护支路231对应的供电电路出现短路时，电流突然增加导致该第二保护支路231中两个保险模块25中的熔断件252升温熔断，此时出现四个断点，即A、B、C和D，断点B和D之间的回路属于断路状态，断点A和D由于距离较远(该距离为电路连通距离，比如A到B的距离和C到D的距离之和)，在48V电压的作用下也无法进行拉弧，因此短路后的供电电路没有通过拉弧再次连接的可能，故而串联后的保险模块25能够满足48V短路保护功能。
在一些其他实施例中，每个保险丝盒中不同第二保险支路中的连接端子251可以有不同的排布方式，第二保险支路的数量也可以根据实际情况设置，在本说明书实施例中不做限定。
在本说明书实施例中，每个第一保护支路211还有多个并联连接的第一保护子支路(图中未示)，每个第一保护子支路上设有至少一个保险模块25。
通过在第一保护支路211设置多个并联连接的第一保护子支路，使得每个第一保护子支路上均可以连接第一用电器50，从而提高了每个第一保护支路211短路保护用电器的数量，提高保险丝盒的适用范围。进一步地，在每个第一保护子支路中设置一个保险
模块25，由于第一保护子支路的供电电源为第一电源30，属于低压范畴(比如12V)，因此当出现短路时，单个保险模块25发生短路熔断，第一电源30的输出电压不能实现拉弧，从而使得单个保险模块25也能实现第一电源30的短路保护功能。
需要说明的是，保险模块25中连接端子251中熔断件252断开时，单个连接端子251的拉弧电压可以大于第一电源30的输出电压。
在本说明书实施例中，每个第二保护支路231设有两个串联设置的保险模块25。即在每个第二保护支路231中设置两个串联的保险模块25就可以避免在第二电源40的输出电压下发生拉弧现象，作为可选地，每个第二保护支路231上的全部保险模块25的连接端子251中的正极端251a和负极端251b之间距离之和不低于指定距离，所述指定距离可以为第二保护支路231发生短路熔断无法实现拉弧连接的距离。比如当任一第二保护支路231发生短路熔断时，该第二保护支路231中全部保险模块25的连接端子251中的正极端251a和负极端251b之间距离之和为M，而在第二电源40的输出电压的作用下能够实现拉弧连接的最大距离为N，只要M大于N即可确保在第二电源40的供电系统中第二保护支路231发生短路熔断时也无法实现拉弧连接，从而可以提高第二保护支路231短路保护功能的可靠性和稳定性。
在一些其他实施例中，不同的保险模块25之间需要保持绝缘距离，即相邻两个连接端子251，特别是同一个第二保护支路231上相邻的两个保险模块25中连接端子251需要保持绝缘距离，这样可以避免在发生短路时，两个连接端子251距离太近出现了电源侧的连接端子251的正极端251a和第二用电器60侧的连接端子251的负极端251b发生拉弧等电连现象，因此为了提高整个保险丝盒中不同电路之间工作的独立性，任一两个保险模块25之间应该保持预设距离，进一步需要说明的是，每个第二保护支路231上的相邻的两个保险模块25之间的距离不低于预设距离。预设距离最小可以为相邻两个保险模块25在第二电源40的输出电压下保持绝缘的安全距离，预设距离的具体数值在本说明书实施例中不做限定。
在本说明书实施例中，如图6所示，外壳10上设有用电器接口，用电器接口包括第一用电器接口11和第二用电器接口12；
每个第一保护支路211对应一个第一用电器接口11，第一用电器接口11用于连接第一用电器50；
每个第二保护支路231对应一个第二用电器接口12，第二用电器接口12用于连接第二用电器60。
可以理解为，可以在外壳10上设置与外部用电器连接的接口，由于保险丝盒内部设有两套供电电路，因此在外壳10上可以设置两种不同类型的用电器接口，分别为第一用电器接口11和第二用电器接口12，第一用电器接口11连接的用电器通过第一电源30供电，第二用电器接口12连接的用电器通过第二电源40供电，从而避免了用电器接口的误用，进而保护的用电器，提高了保险丝盒使用的准确性和便捷性。
在一些其他实施例中，为了提高保险丝盒的密封效果，避免外部灰尘进入到保险丝盒内部，影响其工作稳定性，还可以在用电器接口上设置密封塞，密封塞与用电器接口向匹配，从而可以避免外部灰尘通过是用电器接口进入到保险丝盒内部，当需要连接用电器时，只要将需要使用的用电器接口中的密封塞拔掉即可，进一步地，密封塞还可以连接在外壳10上，避免了将密封塞拔掉后密封塞的丢失，提高了保险丝盒的使用体验。
在一些其他实施例中，外壳10包括第一壳体和第二壳体，第一壳体和第二壳体卡接连接，并在第一壳体和第二壳体之间形成容置空间，保护电路20设置在容置空间内。进一步地，第一壳体可以为顶壳，第二壳体可以为底壳，保护电路20所在的电路板(或线路板)固定在底壳上，从而避免了电路板在外壳10内部晃动，通过卡接连接便于保险丝盒的拆卸和组装，提高了维修的效率。
在本说明书实施例中，保险丝盒还包括电控制器件；
电控制器件设置在第一电路21和/或第二电路23的连接线路上，电控制器件与外部控制器连接，用于控制第一电路21和/或第二电路23的通断电。
可以理解为，可以根据实际情况在部分或全部用电器的供电回路上设置电控制器件，从而可以实现供电电路的连通，提高了供电的准确性和可靠性，比如，可以在第一保护支路211或第二保护支路231上设置电控制器件，电控制器件与外部控制器可以通过控制线连接，进而接收外部控制器的控制指令。
电控制器件包括继电器和/或MCU。
本说明书实施例提供的保险丝盒可以同时提供不同供电系统的短路保险电路，并通过在第二保险支路上设置串联连接的至少两个保险模块25，每个第二保护支路231上首尾两个保险模块25之间拉弧电压超过所述第二电源40的输出电压，从而满足了较高压的短路保护功能，可以降低车辆中不同电压系统保险丝盒的开发成本，进而降低了车辆的开发成本。
基于同一发明构思，本说明书实施例还提供一种车载保护系统，该系统包括电源端、控制端、用电器和上述的保险丝盒；
电源端包括具有第一输出电压的第一电源30端和具有第二输出电压的第二电源40端；用电器包括第一用电器50和第二用电器60；
第一电源30端与保险丝盒的第一电路21连接，用于向第一电路21输出第一输出电压；第二电源40端与保险丝盒的第二电路23连接，用于向第二电路23输出第二输出电压；
第一用电器50与第一电路21连接，第二用电器60与第二电路23连接；
控制端与保险丝盒中的电控制器件连接，用于控制保险丝盒中第一电路21和/或第二电路23的通断电。
在实际工作中，可以根据用电器的数量确定保险丝盒的保护电路20中的工作电路，比如，当确定第一用电器50有两个，第二用电器60有三个，则可以确定两条第一保护支路211和三条第二保护支路231，然后在相应电路的连接端子251上插上相应的熔断件252，从而使得该保险丝盒满足上述五个用电器的短路保护功能，然后将每个用电器连接到相应的用电器端口，在该保险丝盒的两个电源接口上连通相应的电源。
基于同一发明构思，本说明书还提供一种车辆，该车辆包括上述提供的保险丝盒。
进一步地实施例中，所述车辆可以为电动车辆、混合动力车辆等。
还应理解，在本说明书实施例中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系。例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本说明书实施例中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本说明书实施例中应用了具体实施例对本说明书实施例的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本说明书实施例的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本说明书实施例的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本说明书实施例的限制。
Claims (16)
- 一种保险丝盒，其特征在于，所述保险丝盒包括外壳和保护电路；所述保护电路设置在所述外壳的内部，所述保护电路包括第一电路和第二电路；所述第一电路包括第一电源接口和多个第一保护支路，每个第一保护支路上设有保险模块，所述第一保护支路的一端通过所述第一电源接口连接第一电源，所述第一保护支路的另一端连接第一用电器；所述第二电路包括第二电源接口和多个第二保护支路，每个第二保护支路上设有串联连接的至少两个保险模块，所述第二保护支路的一端通过所述第二电源接口连接第二电源，所述第二保护支路的另一端连接第二用电器，当所述第二保护支路发生短路熔断时，该第二保护支路上第二电源和第二用电器实现拉弧连接的拉弧电压超过所述第二电源的输出电压；所述第一电源的输出电压低于所述第二电源的输出电压。
- 根据权利要求1所述的保险丝盒，其特征在于，所述第一电路中的多个第一保护支路并联连接；所述第二电路中的多个第二保护支路并联连接。
- 根据权利要求2所述的保险丝盒，其特征在于，所述保险模块包括连接端子和熔断件，所述熔断件连接在所述连接端子上；每个第二保护支路中设置至少两个并排设置的保险模块，相邻两个保险模块中的连接端子之间通过铜箔连接。
- 根据权利要求3所述的保险丝盒，其特征在于，所述连接端子上设有正极端和负极端，所述熔断件的一端连接所述正极端，所述熔断件的另一端连接所述负极端；每个所述第二保护支路上的至少两个保险模块的排布方向与所述连接端子中正极端和负极端的连线方向相垂直，以使至少两个保险模块中电流流通路径为折线形。
- 根据权利要求4所述的保险丝盒，其特征在于，每个所述第二保护支路上的至少两个保险模块的排布方向与所述连接端子中正极端和负极端的连线方向一致，以使至少两个保险模块中电流流通路径为直线。
- 根据权利要求4所述的保险丝盒，其特征在于，每个所述第二保护支路上的全部保险模块的连接端子中的正极端和负极端之间距离之和不低于指定距离。
- 根据权利要求2所述的保险丝盒，其特征在于，每个所述第一保护支路还有多个并联连接的第一保护子支路，每个所述第一保护子支路上设有至少一个所述保险模块。
- 根据权利要求2所述的保险丝盒，其特征在于，每个所述第二保护支路设有两个串联设置的保险模块。
- 根据权利要求3所述的保险丝盒，其特征在于，所述熔断件为迷你保险丝和/或慢熔保险丝。
- 根据权利要求2所述的保险丝盒，其特征在于，所述外壳上设有用电器接口，所述用电器接口包括第一用电器接口和第二用电器接口；每个所述第一保护支路对应一个第一用电器接口，所述第一用电器接口用于连接第一用电器；每个所述第二保护支路对应一个第二用电器接口，所述第二用电器接口用于连接第二用电器。
- 根据权利要求2所述的保险丝盒，其特征在于，所述第一电源的输出电压为12V或32V；所述第二电源的输出电压为48V。
- 根据权利要求2所述的保险丝盒，其特征在于，所述保险丝盒还包括电控制器件；所述电控制器件设置在所述第一电路和/或第二电路的连接线路上，所述电控制器件与外部控制器连接，用于控制所述第一电路和/或第二电路的通断电。
- 根据权利要求12所述的保险丝盒，其特征在于，所述电控制器件包括继电器和/或MCU。
- 根据权利要求2所述的保险丝盒，其特征在于，所述外壳包括第一壳体和第二壳体，所述第一壳体和所述第二壳体卡接连接，并在所述第一壳体和所述第二壳体之间形成容置空间，所述保护电路设置在所述容置空间内。
- 一种车载保护系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括电源端、控制端、用电器和权利要求1至14任一项所述的保险丝盒；所述电源端包括具有第一输出电压的第一电源端和具有第二输出电压的第二电源端；所述用电器包括第一用电器和第二用电器；所述第一电源端与所述保险丝盒的第一电路连接，用于向所述第一电路输出第一输出电压；所述第二电源端与所述保险丝盒的第二电路连接，用于向第二电路输出第二输出电压；所述第一用电器与所述第一电路连接，所述第二用电器与所述第二电路连接；所述控制端与所述保险丝盒中的电控制器件连接，用于控制所述保险丝盒中第一电路和/或第二电路的通断电。
- 一种车辆，其特征在于，所述车辆包括权利要求1至14任一项所述的保险丝盒。
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| CN217691046U (zh) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-10-28 | 长春捷翼汽车零部件有限公司 | 一种保险丝盒、车载保护系统及车辆 |
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