WO2023217048A1 - 零泊松比芯材及其制备方法、复合材料 - Google Patents

零泊松比芯材及其制备方法、复合材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023217048A1
WO2023217048A1 PCT/CN2023/092584 CN2023092584W WO2023217048A1 WO 2023217048 A1 WO2023217048 A1 WO 2023217048A1 CN 2023092584 W CN2023092584 W CN 2023092584W WO 2023217048 A1 WO2023217048 A1 WO 2023217048A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
core material
sub
adhesive
adhesive line
zero poisson
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PCT/CN2023/092584
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王清明
黄占河
黄静波
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北京弘芯商贸服务中心
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Publication of WO2023217048A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023217048A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/02—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16S—CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN GENERAL; STRUCTURES BUILT-UP FROM SUCH ELEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • F16S3/00—Elongated members, e.g. profiled members; Assemblies thereof; Gratings or grilles
    • F16S3/06—Assemblies of elongated members
    • F16S3/08—Assemblies of elongated members forming frameworks, e.g. gratings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, and in particular to a zero Poisson's ratio core material, a preparation method thereof, and composite materials.
  • Core materials for sandwich structures are made of one of aramid paper, aluminum foil, glass fiber cloth, carbon fiber cloth, stainless steel foil, high temperature alloy foil, kraft paper and other non-metallic materials or metallic materials become.
  • hexagonal honeycomb core materials made of aramid paper as the main material are currently the focus of research and development.
  • Aramid paper hexagonal honeycomb core materials are aramid paper coated, laminated and
  • the hexagonal cell-shaped honeycomb core material is made by a series of complex processes such as laminating, curing, cutting, expanding, dipping, and resin curing of thin sheets. It is an advanced composite reinforced with high-strength, high-modulus aramid paper.
  • the material has many advantages such as lightweight, high strength, high modulus, flame retardant, high temperature resistance, low dielectric loss, etc., and has been widely used in the aerospace field and many other civilian fields.
  • FIG 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hexagonal honeycomb core material in the prior art.
  • the traditional hexagonal core material cell unit 1' is a regular hexagon, arranged to form a honeycomb structure, but the six unit walls 11' of the regular hexagonal 1' cell unit are all straight.
  • the edge-shaped core becomes "saddle-shaped" during the bending process. Therefore, the existing hexagonal honeycomb core materials have poor deformation ability and do not have zero Poisson's ratio characteristics, so their application fields are limited.
  • the morphing structure has a positive effect on improving flight safety and improving the take-off and landing performance of aircraft to adapt to take-off and landing at airports with various conditions (such as short-runway airports); at the same time, new rudder surface designs and flows can be formed based on morphing technology
  • the control method improves the maneuvering and control quality of the aircraft; and the morphing structure combined with intelligent deformation technology can solve the contradictions in aerodynamic layout at different design points and improve many aspects. Functional, it can take off on short runways, increase its range, and improve its economy and combat effectiveness.
  • the present invention solves them at least to a certain extent.
  • the first object of the present invention is to propose a core material with a simple structure and zero Poisson's ratio characteristics.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • the third object of the present invention is to propose a composite material using a zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:
  • the invention provides a zero Poisson's ratio core material, which is formed by a plurality of cell units of the same type arranged without gaps; the cell unit includes two oppositely arranged first type unit walls and two oppositely arranged third type unit walls.
  • the second type unit wall two first type unit walls are connected by two second type unit walls, and together form a cell unit; the first type unit wall and the second type unit wall are shared by adjacent cell units. wall; the first type of unit wall is a cell wall of the cell unit, and the two first type unit walls are arranged in parallel; the second type of unit wall includes at least two sequentially connected cell walls, and the second type of unit wall An angle is formed between the two consecutively connected cell walls, so that the second type of unit wall has a bent structure.
  • the core material is formed by stacking multiple layers of bent sheets; each layer of bent sheets is composed of multiple folding units of the same type connected in sequence, and the folding units include a first plate part and a second plate part connected in sequence,
  • the shape of the first plate part is the same as the shape of two or more consecutively connected first-type unit walls
  • the shape of the second plate part is the same as the shape of one second-type unit wall
  • two adjacent bent thin plates are surrounded by A cell unit is formed, and the joint parts between two adjacent bent sheets are connected through a connecting structure.
  • the included angle formed between two consecutively connected cell walls in the second type unit wall is 10 to 180°.
  • the second type unit wall when the second type unit wall is three or more cell walls connected in sequence, the second type unit wall forms a wavy bending structure.
  • each cell wall of the cell unit is equal;
  • the width of the wall is 2 ⁇ 8mm.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing a zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • the method prepares a zero Poisson's ratio core material in which the second type unit walls are two consecutively connected cell walls, and includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Stack multiple thin plate materials and bond adjacent thin plate materials to obtain a laminated board.
  • a laminated board a plurality of equally spaced parallel adhesive lines are arranged between adjacent thin plate materials to bond the adjacent thin plate materials.
  • Each adhesive line includes a first sub-adhesive line arranged sequentially along the same width direction.
  • the bonding strength of the second sub-adhesive line is 10% to 80% of the bonding strength of the first sub-adhesive line; the adhesive strength on the latter layer of sheet material
  • the offset part of the adhesive line in the same direction overlaps the adhesive line of the previous layer of sheet material, and the first sub-adhesive line on the latter layer of sheet material and the second sub-adhesive line on the previous layer of sheet material coincide;
  • Step S2 Unfold the laminated plate in the direction perpendicular to the thin plate material, and unfold the unbonded parts of the thin plate material to obtain a diamond-shaped core material;
  • Step S3 After stabilizing the diamond-shaped core material, unfold the diamond-shaped core material in the direction perpendicular to the thin plate material, and unfold the portion where the second sub-adhesive line is bonded in the diamond-shaped core material to obtain Zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • the bonding strength of the second sub-adhesive line is 10% to 80% of the bonding strength of the first sub-adhesive line, including: adjusting the width of the sub-adhesive line to control the sub-adhesive line
  • the amount of glue applied to the mixture line is such that the amount of glue applied to the second sub-adhesive line is 10% to 80% of the amount of glue applied to the first sub-adhesive line; alternatively, the sub-adhesive line is made of adhesive
  • the block unit gaps are arranged in a strip shape.
  • stacking multiple thin sheet materials and bonding between adjacent thin sheet materials includes: stacking multiple thin sheet materials, and coating the same side of each layer of thin sheet material with adhesive lines to bond between adjacent sheets of material; alternatively, stack multiple sheets of material and apply lines of adhesive on both sides of only even-numbered sheets of material to bond between adjacent sheets of material catch.
  • step S3 also includes: stabilizing the zero Poisson's ratio core material; wherein, stabilizing the diamond-shaped core material includes: subjecting the diamond-shaped core material to high temperature treatment; and/or, impregnating the diamond-shaped core material with a resin solution and solidifying the resin; performing stabilization treatment on the zero Poisson's ratio core material, which also includes: subjecting the zero Poisson's ratio core material to high temperature treatment; and/or, converting the zero Poisson's ratio core material into The Poisson's ratio core material is impregnated with a resin solution, and the resin is cured.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing a zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • the method prepares a zero Poisson's ratio core material in which the second type unit walls are three consecutively connected cell walls, and includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Stack multiple thin plate materials and bond them between adjacent thin plate materials to obtain a laminated board; in the laminated plate, a plurality of equally spaced parallel adhesives are arranged between adjacent thin plate materials.
  • the lines bond adjacent thin plate materials.
  • Each adhesive line includes a second sub-adhesive line, a first sub-adhesive line and a second sub-adhesive line arranged sequentially along the same width direction.
  • the bonding strength of the sub-adhesive lines is 10% to 80% of the bonding strength of the first sub-adhesive line; the adhesive lines on the latter layer of sheet material overlap with the same direction offset part on the previous layer of sheet material On the adhesive line, the first sub-adhesive line on the latter layer of thin sheet material coincides with the second sub-adhesive line on the previous layer of thin sheet material, and the second sub-adhesive line on the latter layer of thin sheet material is The adhesive line coincides with the first sub-adhesive line on the previous layer of sheet material;
  • Step S2 Unfold the laminated plate in the direction perpendicular to the thin plate material, and unfold the unbonded parts of the thin plate material to obtain a diamond-shaped core material;
  • Step S3 After stabilizing the diamond-shaped core material, unfold the diamond-shaped core material in the direction perpendicular to the sheet material, and unfold the parts of the diamond-shaped core material that are bonded by the second sub-adhesive lines. Obtain a zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • the bonding strength of the second sub-adhesive line is 10% to 80% of the bonding strength of the first sub-adhesive line, including: adjusting the width of the sub-adhesive line and controlling the sub-adhesive line
  • the amount of glue applied to the mixture line is such that the amount of glue applied to the second sub-adhesive line is 10% to 80% of the amount of glue applied to the first sub-adhesive line; or,
  • the sub-adhesive line is a strip formed by the gap arrangement of adhesive block units. Adjust the gap distance between the adhesive block units in the sub-adhesive line to control the amount of glue applied in the sub-adhesive line, so that the second The amount of glue applied on the sub-adhesive line is 10% to 80% of the amount of glue applied on the first sub-adhesive line.
  • stacking multiple thin sheet materials and bonding between adjacent thin sheet materials includes: stacking multiple thin sheet materials and coating and bonding on the same side of each layer of thin sheet material lines of adhesive to bond between adjacent sheet materials; alternatively, stack multiple sheets of sheet material and apply adhesive lines on both sides of even-numbered layers of sheet materials to bond between adjacent sheet materials. catch.
  • step S3 also includes: stabilizing the zero Poisson's ratio core material; wherein, stabilizing the diamond-shaped core material includes: subjecting the diamond-shaped core material to high temperature treatment; and/or, impregnating the diamond-shaped core material with the resin solution and solidifying the resin; stabilizing the zero Poisson's ratio core material, including: subjecting the zero Poisson's ratio core material to high temperature treatment; and/or, converting the zero Poisson's ratio core material into The core material is impregnated with a resin solution, and the resin is cured.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing a zero Poisson's ratio core material, wherein the zero Poisson's ratio core material is formed by stacking multiple layers of bent sheets, and each layer of bent sheets is composed of multiple folding units of the same type connected in sequence.
  • the folding unit includes a first plate part and a second plate part connected in sequence, the shape of the first plate part is the same as the shape of two or more first-type unit walls connected in sequence, and the shape of the second plate part is the same as one second plate part.
  • the unit-like walls have the same shape; two adjacent bent thin plates are surrounded by a lattice unit, and the fitting parts between the two adjacent bent thin plates are connected through a connecting structure;
  • the preparation method includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Obtain multiple bent sheets
  • Step S2 Set a connecting structure on the first plate part of the bent thin plate, arrange multiple bent thin plates in sequence to form a zero Poisson's ratio core material shape; connect adjacent bent thin plates through the connecting structure to obtain zero Poisson's ratio Than core material.
  • the invention provides a preparation method of zero Poisson's ratio core material, which includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Make a casting mold based on the zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • Step S2 Select the base material of the core material, pour the base material of the core material into the casting mold; open the mold to obtain the zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing a zero Poisson's ratio core material, which includes the following steps: printing a core matrix material on a 3D printing device according to a pre-designed model diagram to obtain a zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • the present invention also provides a composite material, which includes a zero Poisson's ratio core material and a panel covering the zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • the zero Poisson's ratio core material is the core material as described above.
  • the core material proposed by the present invention has the advantages of light weight, high strength, high modulus, flame retardant, high temperature resistance, and low dielectric loss. Furthermore, the core material proposed by the present invention has zero Poisson's ratio characteristics and is suitable for high-strength applications.
  • the production of sandwich structures is particularly suitable for core materials that serve as supports in variant structures.
  • the core material proposed in this embodiment is composed of only one type of cell unit. The cell unit is quasi-square and has a simple structure, creating conditions for a simple and low-cost core material preparation process.
  • the core material preparation method proposed by the present invention first stacks multiple thin plate materials, bonds between adjacent thin plate materials to form a laminated plate, and then performs two expansion operations on the laminated plate to prepare the core material. Obtaining a single zero Poisson's ratio core material has a simple process, rapid preparation, can be produced in large quantities, and the cost is very low. Moreover, the present invention proposes to use adhesive lines composed of first sub-adhesive lines and second sub-adhesive lines with different amounts of glue applied sequentially in the same width direction to bond adjacent thin plate materials. By matching the adhesive lines on the next layer of sheet material to the same direction and misalignment on the adhesive lines on the previous layer of sheet material, a laminated board can be prepared to prepare a single zero Poisson's ratio core material through two expansion operations. .
  • the core material preparation method proposed by the present invention first stacks multiple thin plate materials, bonds between adjacent thin plate materials to form a laminated plate, and then performs two expansion operations on the laminated plate to prepare Obtaining a hyperbolic zero Poisson's ratio core material has a simple process, rapid preparation, can be produced in large quantities, and the cost is very low.
  • the present invention proposes to use an adhesive line pair consisting of a second sub-adhesive line, a first sub-adhesive line and a second sub-adhesive line arranged sequentially in the same width direction with different glue amounts.
  • Adjacent thin plate materials are bonded, and the adhesive lines on the next thin plate material are offset and overlapped with the adhesive lines on the previous thin plate material in the same direction, so that a laminated board can be prepared through two expansion operations.
  • Hyperbolic zero Poisson's ratio core material Hyperbolic zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a hexagonal honeycomb core material in the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of adhesive lines coated on one side of a sheet material in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first form of laminated board formed by stacking thin plate materials coated with adhesive lines on one side in Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second form of laminated board formed by stacking thin plate materials coated with adhesive lines on one side in Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a laminated board formed by alternately stacking sheet materials with adhesive lines coated on both sides and sheet materials without adhesive lines in Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the diamond-shaped core material in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the zero Poisson's ratio core material in Embodiment 1 and 2 of the present invention, in which adhesive lines are shown, and the first type of unit wall is formed by stacking 2 layers of thin plate materials;
  • Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the zero Poisson's ratio core material in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which adhesive lines are shown, and the first type of unit wall is formed by stacking 3 layers of thin plate materials;
  • Figure 9 is a structural schematic diagram of the zero Poisson's ratio core material in Embodiment 1 and 2 of the present invention, in which the adhesive lines are not shown;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the zero Poisson's ratio core material in Embodiment 1 and 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of adhesive lines coated on one side of a sheet material in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the first form of laminated board formed by stacking thin plate materials coated with adhesive lines on one side in Embodiment 4 of the present invention
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a second form of laminated board formed by stacking thin plate materials coated with adhesive lines on one side in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a laminated board formed by alternately stacking sheet materials with adhesive lines coated on both sides and sheet materials without adhesive lines in Embodiment 4 of the present invention
  • Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of the diamond-shaped core material in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of the zero Poisson's ratio core material in Example 3 and Example 4 of the present invention. Adhesive lines are shown and the first type of unit walls are formed by stacking 2 layers of sheet material;
  • Figure 17 is a structural schematic diagram of the zero Poisson's ratio core material in Examples 3 and 4 of the present invention, in which the adhesive lines are not shown;
  • Figure 18 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the zero Poisson's ratio core material in Example 3 and Example 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a single zero Poisson's ratio core material in Embodiment 5 of the present invention, in which the thick lines show a bending sheet and a folding unit;
  • Figure 20 is a schematic structural diagram of the hyperbolic zero Poisson's ratio core material in Embodiment 5 of the present invention, in which the bold lines show a bending thin plate and a folding unit.
  • this embodiment provides a zero Poisson's ratio core material, which is made of multiple Cell units 1 of the same type are arranged without gaps, wherein the cell unit 1 is the smallest repeating unit forming a closed structure in the core material.
  • the cell unit 1 includes two first-type unit walls 11 facing each other and two second-type unit walls 12 facing each other.
  • the two first-type unit walls 11 are connected by two second-type unit walls 12 .
  • the first type unit wall 11 and the second type unit wall 12 are both walls shared by adjacent cells;
  • the first type unit wall 11 serves as a cell wall of the cell unit 1
  • the two first type unit walls 11 are arranged in parallel
  • the second type unit wall 12 includes two sequentially connected cell walls (in this embodiment, the first cell wall and the second cell wall respectively), and the second cell wall 12 is arranged in parallel.
  • the two consecutively connected cell walls in the unit-like wall 12 form an included angle, so that the second unit-like wall 12 has a bent structure.
  • the cell wall represents each plane of the cell unit 1.
  • the core material arranged in this way has the advantages of light weight, high strength, high modulus, flame retardancy, high temperature resistance, and low dielectric loss, and is used in the aerospace field and civil fields such as ships and high-speed railways; and, what is proposed in this embodiment
  • the tension/pressure acts on cell unit 1, and the size of the cell unit in the W direction increases/reduces.
  • the first cell wall Under the action of tension/pressure, the first cell wall The angle between the first cell wall and the second cell wall increases/decreases, and the resulting deformation is caused by the increase/decrease in the angle between the first cell wall and the second cell wall in the adjacent cell unit 1 in the L direction.
  • the core material proposed in this embodiment has zero Poisson's ratio characteristics and is suitable for the manufacture of high-strength sandwich structures, especially for core materials used as supports in variant structures; moreover, the core material proposed in this embodiment only It consists of one type of cell unit 1, which is quasi-square and has a simple structure, creating conditions for a simple and low-cost core material preparation process.
  • the angle formed between two consecutively connected cell walls means that the two consecutively connected cell walls are not parallel to each other.
  • the angle formed between two consecutively connected cell walls is 10 to 180°. Further preferably, the angle formed between two consecutively connected cell walls is 60 to 120°.
  • the length of each cell wall of the cell unit 1 in the LW plane (that is, the plane composed of the L direction and the W direction of the core material) (the length of the cell wall in the LW plane is the width of the cell wall) All equal.
  • Providing such a shaped cell unit 1 is beneficial to the formation of a core material with high strength and high structural stability. It can be imagined that the width of each cell wall of cell unit 1 is not equal. Similar effects can also be achieved.
  • the width of the cell wall of the cell unit 1 is 2 to 8 mm. Further preferably, the width of the cell wall of the cell unit 1 is 3 to 5 mm.
  • the core material is formed by stacking multiple layers of bent sheets 5; each layer of bent sheets 5 is composed of multiple folding units 51 of the same type connected in sequence.
  • the folding units 51 includes a first plate part and a second plate part connected in sequence, the shape of the first plate part is the same as the shape of two or more first type unit walls 11 connected in sequence, and the shape of the second plate part is the same as one second type unit wall 11 connected in sequence.
  • the shape of the unit walls 12 is the same; a cell unit 1 is formed around two adjacent bent thin plates 5, and the joint parts between the two adjacent bent thin plates 5 are connected through a connecting structure. Such an arrangement further creates conditions for the proposal of a simple and low-cost core material preparation process.
  • the first-type unit wall in the formed core material includes at least two layers of thin plate materials.
  • the shape of the first plate part of the folding unit 51 is the same as the shape of two sequentially connected first-type unit walls 11.
  • the first-type unit wall in the formed core material is formed by stacking two layers of thin plate materials.
  • the shape of the first plate part of the folding unit 51 is the same as the shape of three consecutively connected first-type unit walls 11.
  • the first-type unit walls in the formed core material are formed by stacking three layers of thin plate materials. Further preferably, the first type of unit wall is formed by stacking 2 to 5 layers of thin plate materials.
  • connection structure between the two first-type unit walls 11 arranged without gaps in the W direction is an adhesive. It is conceivable that the connection structure between two first-type unit walls 11 arranged without gaps in the W direction can also be made of solder, so that adjacent cells 1 can be welded. In specific implementation, laser welding can be used. and other welding methods. Of course, the above-mentioned connecting structure may also be other structures or materials capable of connecting in the field.
  • the sheet material 2 is aramid paper, polyimide paper, PBO fiber paper, kraft paper, glass fiber cloth, carbon fiber cloth, aluminum foil, stainless steel foil, titanium alloy foil, high temperature alloy foil and iron-chromium aluminum foil. A sort of.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing the zero Poisson's ratio core material in Example 1, which includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Stack a plurality of thin plate materials 2 and bond adjacent thin plate materials 2 to obtain a laminated board.
  • the mixture line 4 includes a first sub-adhesive line 41 and a second sub-adhesive line 42 arranged sequentially along the same width direction (the "width direction" is the width direction of the adhesive line 4).
  • the second sub-adhesive line 42 is The bonding strength of the adhesive line 42 is 10% to 80% of the bonding strength of the first sub-adhesive line 41; the adhesive lines 4 on the latter layer of thin plate material 2 partially overlap with the previous layer of thin plate in the same direction.
  • the first sub-adhesive lines 41 on the latter layer of sheet material overlap with the second sub-adhesive lines 42 on the previous layer of sheet material.
  • the first sub-adhesive lines 41 and the second sub-adhesive lines 42 are along the first width direction (the “width direction” is the direction of the adhesive line 4 width direction) are arranged in sequence along the second width direction.
  • the first sub-adhesive lines 41 and the second sub-adhesive lines 42 are arranged in sequence along the second width direction.
  • adjacent thin plate materials 2 completely overlap, and the multiple adhesive lines 4 on each layer of thin plate material cover the surface of the thin plate material 2 where it is located. In this way, the thin plate material 2 is effectively utilized to prepare the core material in Example 1.
  • connection position of the first sub-adhesive line 41 and the second sub-adhesive line 42 on the latter layer of thin plate material is different from the second sub-adhesive line 42 on the previous layer of thin plate material.
  • the free ends are flush.
  • the first sub-adhesive line 41 on the latter layer of sheet material completely coincides with the second sub-adhesive line 42 on the previous layer of sheet material, that is, the width of the first sub-adhesive line 41 is equal to
  • the second sub-adhesive lines 42 are of equal width (as shown in Figure 2).
  • the spacing between two adjacent adhesive lines 4 on the same layer of thin plate material is twice the width of the sub-adhesive lines. In this way, the cell unit 1 in which the length of each cell wall in the LW plane is equal can be prepared.
  • the bonding strength of the second sub-adhesive line 42 is 10% to 80% of the bonding strength of the first sub-adhesive line 41 , including: the amount of glue of the second sub-adhesive line 42 for the first
  • the amount of glue in the adhesive line 41 is 10% to 80%.
  • the glue amount of the sub-adhesive line is controlled by the width of the sub-adhesive line; or, the sub-adhesive line is a strip formed by the gap arrangement of adhesive block units, and the glue amount of the sub-adhesive line Controlled by the gap distance between adhesive block units in sub-adhesive lines.
  • stacking multiple thin plate materials 2 and bonding adjacent thin plate materials 2 includes: stacking multiple thin plate materials 2, and the same layer of each layer of thin plate material 2 is Lines of adhesive 4 are surface-coated to bond between adjacent sheet materials 2, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • Lines of adhesive 4 are surface-coated to bond between adjacent sheet materials 2, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • this is only a preference. It is conceivable that multiple sheets of sheet material 2 are stacked, and adhesive lines 4 are coated on both sides of even-numbered layers of sheet materials 2 to bond adjacent sheets of material 2 , as shown in Figure 5 shown.
  • bonding between adjacent thin plate materials 2 also includes: curing the stacked plurality of thin plate materials 2 coated with adhesive. This step is aimed at the adhesive that needs to be cured to form an effective bond between adjacent thin plate materials 2; of course, for non-cured adhesive, this step can also use other non-cured processing methods to make Effective bonding is formed between adjacent thin sheet materials 2 .
  • Step S2 Unfold the laminated plate in the direction perpendicular to the thin plate material, and unfold the unbonded parts of the laminated plate to obtain the diamond-shaped core material 7 . As shown in Figure 6.
  • Step S3 After stabilizing the diamond-shaped core material, unfold the diamond-shaped core material 7 in the direction perpendicular to the sheet material, and bond the second sub-adhesive line 42 in the diamond-shaped core material 7 Expand to obtain a single-single zero Poisson's ratio core material ("single-single" means that there is one bend in the second type unit wall 12). As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.
  • stabilizing the diamond-shaped core material 7 includes: subjecting the diamond-shaped core material 7 to high temperature treatment; and/or impregnating the diamond-shaped core material 7 with a resin solution, drying, and solidifying. Further preferably, the temperature of the high-temperature treatment is 200-300°C, and the time of the high-temperature treatment is 20-50 minutes.
  • step S3 also includes: stabilizing the single zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • stabilizing the single zero Poisson's ratio core material includes: performing high temperature treatment on the single zero Poisson's ratio core material; and/or impregnating the single zero Poisson's ratio core material with a resin solution, and Cured resin.
  • the resin solutions used in the stabilization process of the diamond-shaped core material and the stabilization process of the single-zero Poisson's ratio core material are phenolic resin, polyimide resin, cyanate resin, polyester, double horse One or more of resin and epoxy resin.
  • Step S4 Saw and/or slice the single zero Poisson's ratio core material to obtain the finished core material.
  • the preparation method of the zero Poisson's ratio core material proposed in this embodiment first stacks multiple thin plate materials 2 and bonds between adjacent thin plate materials 2 to form a laminated plate, and then unfolds the laminated plate twice. By operation, a single zero Poisson's ratio core material can be prepared. The process is simple, the preparation is rapid, it can be produced in large quantities, and the cost is very low. Moreover, this embodiment proposes to use 4 adhesive lines composed of first sub-adhesive lines 41 and second sub-adhesive lines 42 with different amounts of glue applied sequentially in the same width direction to pair adjacent thin plate materials.
  • Example 1 The method for preparing the zero Poisson's ratio core material in Example 1 provided in this embodiment is specifically described below through an example, which includes the following steps:
  • Step A1 Select aramid paper with a thickness of 0.05mm as the sheet material 2; stack multiple aramid papers, and coat adhesive lines 4 on the same side of each layer of aramid paper to Adjacent aramid papers are bonded to obtain multi-layer aramid papers, and the adhesive is cured to obtain the laminated board in step S1. As shown in Figure 3.
  • the adhesive is "J-80B Nomex Paper Honeycomb Sandwich Adhesive" developed by Heilongjiang Petrochemical Research Institute; the adhesive is coated on the aramid paper using a gravure coater.
  • each adhesive line 4 includes a first sub-adhesive line 41 and a second sub-adhesive line 41 arranged sequentially along the first width direction (the "width direction" is the width direction of the adhesive line 4).
  • Sub-adhesive line 42 the glue amount of the second sub-adhesive line 42 is 35% of the glue amount of the first sub-adhesive line 41
  • the width of the adhesive line 4 is 6mm
  • the two adjacent ones The spacing between adhesive lines 4 is 6mm.
  • the adhesive is cured, including: placing multiple layers of aramid paper on In the hot press, the adhesive is heated and pressurized to produce a bonding effect. Specifically, the temperature was set to 180°C ⁇ 5°C, the pressure was set to 0.4Mpa ⁇ 0.05Mpa, and the pressing time was set to 180 ⁇ 5 minutes.
  • Step A2 Unfold the laminated plate in the direction perpendicular to the thin plate material, and unfold the unbonded parts of the laminated plate to obtain a diamond-shaped hole grid material. As shown in Figure 6.
  • Step A3 Place the diamond-shaped cell material in a high-temperature drying oven and bake it for 30 ⁇ 5 minutes at 260°C ⁇ 5°C to obtain a stabilized diamond-shaped cell core material 7.
  • Step A4 Unfold the stabilized diamond-shaped core material 7 in the direction perpendicular to the thin plate material, and unfold the bonded portion of the second sub-adhesive line 42 in the diamond-shaped core material 7 to obtain a single zero poise.
  • Songbi core material As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.
  • the cell wall width of cell unit 1 is 3.0mm, and the core material density is approximately 36.7kg/m 3 .
  • the zero Poisson's ratio core material provided in this embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 in that the second type unit wall 12 includes three consecutively connected cell walls (in this embodiment In the example, they are the first cell wall, the second cell wall and the third cell wall respectively).
  • the three consecutively connected cell walls in the second type unit wall 12 form an included angle, so that the second type unit wall 12 Wall 12 has a bent structure.
  • the second type unit wall 12 forms a wavy bending structure, and the included angle formed between two consecutively connected cell walls is 10 to 120°. Further preferably, the angle formed between two consecutively connected cell walls is 50 to 70°.
  • the core material is formed by stacking multiple layers of bent sheets 5; each layer of bent sheets 5 is composed of multiple folding units 51 of the same type connected in sequence, and the folding units 51 include sequentially
  • the first plate part and the second plate part are connected, the shape of the first plate part is the same as the shape of two or more first-type unit walls 11 that are connected in sequence, and the shape of the second plate part is the same as the shape of one second-type unit wall 12 have the same shape;
  • a cell unit 1 is formed around two adjacent bent thin plates 5, and the joint parts between the two adjacent bent thin plates 5 are connected through a connecting structure.
  • Example 3 The main difference between the method for preparing the zero Poisson's ratio core material in Example 3 provided in this example and Example 2 is:
  • Step S1 Stack a plurality of thin plate materials 2 and bond adjacent thin plate materials 2 to obtain a laminated board.
  • a plurality of equally spaced parallel adhesive lines 4 are arranged between adjacent thin plate materials 2 to bond the adjacent thin plate materials 2.
  • the mixture line 4 includes a second sub-adhesive line 42, a first sub-adhesive line 41 and a second sub-adhesive line 42 arranged sequentially along the same width direction.
  • the bonding of the second sub-adhesive line 42 is The strength is 10% to 80% of the bonding strength of the first sub-adhesive line 41; the adhesive lines 4 on the latter layer of thin plate material 2 partially overlap with the adhesive of the previous layer of thin plate material 2.
  • the first sub-adhesive line 41 on the latter layer of thin plate material coincides with the second sub-adhesive line 42 on the previous layer of thin plate material, and the second sub-adhesive line 42 on the latter layer of thin plate material overlaps.
  • Line 42 coincides with first sub-adhesive line 41 on the previous layer of sheet material.
  • a second sub-adhesive line 42, a first sub-adhesive line 41 and a second sub-adhesive line 42 are along the first width direction.
  • the “width direction” is the width direction of the adhesive line 4) arranged in sequence, in the adhesive line 4 shown in Figure 13, there is a second sub-adhesive line 42, a first sub-adhesive line 41 and a The second sub-adhesive lines 42 are arranged sequentially along the second width direction.
  • stacking multiple thin plate materials 2 and bonding adjacent thin plate materials 2 includes: stacking multiple thin plate materials 2, and the same layer of each layer of thin plate material 2 is Lines of adhesive 4 are face-coated to bond between adjacent sheet materials 2, as shown in Figures 12 and 13.
  • Lines of adhesive 4 are face-coated to bond between adjacent sheet materials 2, as shown in Figures 12 and 13.
  • FIGs 12 and 13 this is only a preference. It is conceivable that multiple sheets of sheet material 2 are stacked, and adhesive lines 4 are coated on both sides of even-numbered layers of sheet materials 2 to bond adjacent sheets of material 2 , as shown in Figure 14 shown.
  • Step S2 Unfold the laminated plate in the direction perpendicular to the thin plate material, and unfold the unbonded parts of the laminated plate to obtain the diamond-shaped core material 7 . As shown in Figure 15.
  • Step S3 After stabilizing the diamond-shaped core material, unfold the diamond-shaped core material 7 in the direction perpendicular to the thin plate material (i.e., the W direction), and stick the second part of the diamond-shaped core material 7
  • the bonded parts of the mixture lines 42 expand to obtain a hyperbolic zero Poisson's ratio core material ("hyperbolic" means that there are two bends in the second type unit wall 12). As shown in Figure 16 and Figure 17.
  • Step S4 Saw and/or slice the hyperbolic zero Poisson's ratio core material to obtain the finished core material.
  • the preparation method of the zero Poisson's ratio core material proposed in this embodiment first stacks multiple thin plate materials 2 and bonds between adjacent thin plate materials 2 to form a laminated plate, and then unfolds the laminated plate twice. Through this operation, the hyperbolic zero Poisson's ratio core material can be prepared. The process is simple, the preparation is rapid, it can be produced in large quantities, and the cost is very low. Moreover, this embodiment proposes to use an adhesive consisting of second sub-adhesive lines 42, first sub-adhesive lines 41 and second sub-adhesive lines 42 with different amounts of glue applied sequentially in the same width direction.
  • the mixture lines 4 bond adjacent thin plate materials 2, and the adhesive lines 42 on the next layer of thin plate material 2 are superimposed on the adhesive lines 41 of the previous layer of thin plate material 2 in the same direction, so that a composite can be prepared
  • the laminated plates were prepared to prepare a hyperbolic zero Poisson's ratio core material through two expansion operations.
  • Example 3 The method for preparing the zero Poisson's ratio core material in Example 3 provided in this embodiment is specifically described below through an example, which includes the following steps:
  • Step A1 Select aramid paper with a thickness of 0.08mm as the sheet material 2; stack multiple aramid papers, and apply adhesive lines 4 on the same side of each layer of aramid paper to Adjacent aramid papers are bonded to obtain multi-layer aramid papers, and the adhesive is cured to obtain the laminated board in step S1. As shown in Figure 12.
  • the adhesive is "J-80B Nomex Paper Honeycomb Sandwich Adhesive" developed by Heilongjiang Petrochemical Research Institute; the adhesive is coated on the aramid paper using a gravure coater.
  • each adhesive line 4 includes a second sub-adhesive line 42, a first sub-adhesive line 41 and a second sub-adhesive line 42 arranged sequentially along the first width direction.
  • the amount of glue applied on the second sub-adhesive line 42 is 50% of the amount of glue applied on the first sub-adhesive line 41
  • the width of the adhesive line 4 is 15mm
  • the distance between two adjacent adhesive lines 4 The spacing between them is 10mm.
  • the curing process of the adhesive includes: placing the multi-layer aromatic polyamide paper in a hot press, and causing the adhesive to produce a bonding effect under conditions of heating and pressure. Specifically, the temperature is set to 180°C ⁇ 5°C, the pressure is set to 0.6Mpa ⁇ 0.05Mpa, and the pressing time is set to 180 ⁇ 5 minutes.
  • Step A2 Unfold the laminated plate in the direction perpendicular to the thin plate material, and unfold the unbonded parts of the laminated plate to obtain a diamond-shaped hole grid material. As shown in Figure 15.
  • Step A3 Place the diamond-shaped cell material in a high-temperature drying oven and bake it for 30 ⁇ 5 minutes at 260°C ⁇ 5°C to obtain a stabilized diamond-shaped cell core material 7.
  • Step A4 Unfold the stabilized diamond-shaped core material 7 in the direction perpendicular to the thin plate material, and unfold the portion where the second sub-adhesive line 42 in the diamond-shaped core material 7 is bonded to obtain hyperbolic zero poise.
  • Songbi core material As shown in Figure 16 and Figure 17.
  • the cell wall width of cell unit 1 is 5.0mm, and the core material density is approximately 25.4kg/m 3 (1.59lb/ft 3 ).
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing the zero Poisson's ratio core material in Example 1 or Example 3.
  • the zero Poisson's ratio core material is formed by stacking multiple layers of bent sheets 5.
  • Each layer of bent sheets 5 is composed of multiple folding units 51 of the same type connected in sequence.
  • the folding units 51 include The first plate part and the second plate part are connected in sequence.
  • the shape of the first plate part is the same as the shape of two or more first type unit walls 11 connected in sequence.
  • the shape of the second plate part is the same as the shape of one second type unit wall 11. 12 have the same shape; a cell unit 1 is formed around two adjacent bent thin plates 5, and the joint parts between the two adjacent bent thin plates 5 are connected through a connecting structure.
  • the preparation method of the zero Poisson's ratio core material provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Design the width of each cell wall in the second type unit wall 12 and the angle between adjacent cell walls, design the width of the first type unit wall 11, and make a molding mold for the bent thin plate 5 based on the design results. Tool.
  • Step S2 Select the base material of the bent thin plate 5, and press the base material in a mold to form the bent thin plate 5.
  • Step S3 A connecting structure is provided on the first plate part of the bent thin plate 5, and multiple bent thin plates 5 are arranged in sequence to form the shape of a zero Poisson's ratio core material; adjacent bent thin plates 5 are connected through the connecting structure to obtain Zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing the zero Poisson's ratio core material in Example 1 or Example 3, which includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Make a casting mold based on the zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • Step S2 Select the base material of the core material, pour the base material of the core material into the casting mold; open the mold to obtain the zero Poisson's ratio core material.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing a zero Poisson's ratio core material in Embodiment 1 or 3, which includes the following steps: using the core matrix material to print on a 3D printing device according to a pre-designed model diagram to obtain a zero Poisson's ratio core material. Songbi core material.
  • the second type of unit wall 12 in the zero Poisson's ratio core material shown in Embodiment 1 of the present invention has a bend
  • the second type of unit wall 12 in the zero Poisson's ratio core material shown in Embodiment 2 of the present invention has a bend.
  • the existence of two bends is only preferred. It is conceivable that the second type unit wall 12 in the core material structure proposed by the present invention has more than three bends, and can also have zero Poisson's ratio characteristics.

Abstract

本发明提供一种零泊松比芯材，该芯材由多个同一类型的孔格单元无间隙排列形成；孔格单元包括两个相向设置的第一类单元壁和两个相向设置的第二类单元壁，两个第一类单元壁之间通过两个第二类单元壁连接，共同围绕形成孔格单元；第一类单元壁和第二类单元壁均是相邻孔格单元共有的壁；第一类单元壁作为孔格单元的一个孔格壁，两个第一类单元壁平行设置；第二类单元壁至少包括两个依次相连的孔格壁，第二类单元壁中依次相连的两个孔格壁之间形成夹角，使第二类单元壁为弯折结构。结构简单，并且具有零泊松比特性。本发明还提供一种零泊松比芯材的制备方法和应用零泊松比芯材的复合材料。

Description

零泊松比芯材及其制备方法、复合材料 技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种零泊松比芯材及其制备方法、复合材料。
背景技术
夹芯结构用芯材，特别是六边形蜂窝芯材，由芳族聚酰胺纸、铝箔、玻璃纤维布、碳纤维布、不锈钢箔、高温合金箔、牛皮纸等非金属材料或金属材料之一制成。其中，以芳族聚酰胺纸为主要材料制成的六边形蜂窝芯材是目前研发的热点，芳族聚酰胺纸六边形蜂窝芯材是芳族聚酰胺纸经涂布、叠合和薄板层压制固化、切割、膨胀、浸胶、树脂固化等一系列复杂工艺制作而成的六边形孔格形状的蜂窝芯材，是高强度、高模量芳族聚酰胺纸增强的先进复合材料，具有轻质、高强、高模、阻燃、耐高温、低介电损耗等众多优点，已经广泛应用于航空航天领域和其他多个民用领域中。
图1为现有技术中六边形蜂窝芯材的结构示意图。如图1所示，传统六边形芯材孔格单元1＇为正六边形，排列形成蜂窝结构，但是该正六边形1＇孔格单元的六个单元壁11＇均为平直状态，在LW平面内当芯材一个方向被展开时，与其垂直的另一个方向尺寸只能缩小，当一个方向被压缩时，与其垂直的另一个方向尺寸只能伸长，从而导致平直单元壁的六边形芯材在弯曲的过程中变为“马鞍形”。因此，现有的六边形蜂窝芯材的变形能力很差，不具有零泊松比特性，应用领域因此受局限。
变体结构对于提高飞行安全性，改善飞机起飞着陆性能以适应在各种条件的机场(如短跑道机场)起降均有积极效果；同时在变形技术基础上可以形成新的舵面设计和流动控制方法，改善飞行器的操纵和控制品质；以及，变体结构结合智能变形技术，可以解决不同设计点气动布局的矛盾，改善多 功能性，可在短跑道上起飞，增加航程，提高其经济性和作战效能。
因此，亟需一种变形能力优良、具有零泊松比特性的芯材。
发明内容
鉴于上述技术中存在的问题，本发明至少从一定程度上进行解决。为此，本发明的第一个目的在于提出一种芯材，结构简单，并且具有零泊松比特性。
本发明的第二个目的在于提出一种零泊松比芯材的制备方法。
本发明的第三个目的在于提出一种应用零泊松比芯材的复合材料。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的主要技术方案包括：
本发明提供一种零泊松比芯材，该芯材由多个同一类型的孔格单元无间隙排列形成；孔格单元包括两个相向设置的第一类单元壁和两个相向设置的第二类单元壁，两个第一类单元壁之间通过两个第二类单元壁连接，共同围绕形成孔格单元；第一类单元壁和第二类单元壁均是相邻孔格单元共有的壁；第一类单元壁作为孔格单元的一个孔格壁，两个第一类单元壁平行设置；第二类单元壁至少包括两个依次相连的孔格壁，第二类单元壁中依次相连的两个孔格壁之间形成夹角，使第二类单元壁为弯折结构。
可选地，芯材由多层弯折薄板堆叠形成；每一层弯折薄板由多个同一类型的折叠单元依次相连而成，折叠单元包括依次相连的第一板部和第二板部，第一板部的形状与2个以上依次相连的第一类单元壁的形状相同，第二板部的形状与1个第二类单元壁的形状相同；相邻两个弯折薄板之间围绕形成孔格单元，相邻两个弯折薄板之间的贴合部位通过连接结构连接。可选地，第二类单元壁中依次相连的两个孔格壁之间形成夹角为10～180°。
可选地，第二类单元壁为依次相连的三个以上的孔格壁时，第二类单元壁形成波浪型弯折结构。
可选地，孔格单元的每一个孔格壁的宽度均相等；孔格单元的孔格 壁的宽度为2～8mm。
本发明提供一种零泊松比芯材的制备方法，该方法对第二类单元壁为依次相连的两个孔格壁的零泊松比芯材进行制备，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1、将多张薄板材料进行堆叠，并在相邻薄板材料之间进行粘接，获得叠层板。叠层板中，相邻薄板材料之间布置多根等间距相互平行的粘合剂线条将相邻薄板材料粘接，每一根粘合剂线条包括沿同一宽度方向依次排列的第一子粘合剂线条和第二子粘合剂线条，第二子粘合剂线条的粘结强度为第一子粘合剂线条的粘结强度的10％～80％；后一层薄板材料上的粘和剂线条同向错位部分重合在前一层薄板材料的粘和剂线条上，后一层薄板材料上的第一子粘合剂线条与前一层薄板材料上的第二子粘合剂线条重合；
步骤S2、在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开叠层板，将薄板材料中未粘合的部位展开，获得菱形孔格芯材；
步骤S3、将菱形孔格芯材进行稳定化处理后，在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开菱形孔格芯材，将菱形孔格芯材中第二子粘合剂线条粘合的部位展开，获得零泊松比芯材。
作为方法的一种改进，第二子粘合剂线条的粘结强度为第一子粘合剂线条的粘结强度的10％～80％，包括：调节子粘合剂线条的宽度控制子粘合剂线条涂胶量，使第二子粘合剂线条的涂胶量为第一子粘合剂线条的涂胶量的10％～80％；或者，子粘合剂线条是由粘合剂块状单元间隙排列形成的条状，调节子粘合剂线条中粘合剂块状单元间的间隙距离控制子粘合剂线条涂胶量，使第二子粘合剂线条的涂胶量为第一子粘合剂线条的涂胶量的10％～80％。
作为方法的一种改进，将多张薄板材料进行堆叠，并在相邻薄板材料之间进行粘接，包括：将多张薄板材料进行堆叠，每一层薄板材料的同一面涂布粘合剂线条，以在相邻薄板材料之间进行粘接；或者，将多张薄板材料进行堆叠，仅在偶数层薄板材料的两面均涂布粘合剂线条，以在相邻薄板材料之间进行粘接。
作为方法的一种改进，步骤S3中还包括：对零泊松比芯材进行稳定化处理；其中，对菱形孔格芯材进行稳定化处理，包括：对菱形孔格芯材进行高温处理；和/或，将菱形孔格芯材浸渍树脂溶液，并固化树脂；对零泊松比芯材进行稳定化处理，还包括：对零泊松比芯材进行高温处理；和/或，将零泊松比芯材浸渍树脂溶液，并固化树脂。
本发明提供一种零泊松比芯材的制备方法，该方法对第二类单元壁为依次相连的三个孔格壁的零泊松比芯材进行制备，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1、将多张薄板材料进行堆叠，并在相邻薄板材料之间进行粘接，获得叠层板；叠层板中，相邻薄板材料之间布置多根等间距相互平行的粘合剂线条将相邻薄板材料粘接，每一根粘合剂线条包括沿同一宽度方向依次排列的第二子粘合剂线条、第一子粘合剂线条和第二子粘合剂线条，第二子粘合剂线条的粘结强度为第一子粘合剂线条的粘接强度的10％～80％；后一层薄板材料上的粘和剂线条同向错位部分重合在前一层薄板材料的粘和剂线条上，后一层薄板材料上的第一子粘合剂线条与前一层薄板材料上的第二子粘合剂线条重合，后一层薄板材料上的第二子粘合剂线条与前一层薄板材料上的第一子粘合剂线条重合；
步骤S2、在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开叠层板，将薄板材料中未粘合的部位展开，获得菱形孔格芯材；
步骤S3、将菱形孔格芯材进行稳定化处理后，在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开菱形孔格芯材，将菱形孔格芯材中通过第二子粘合剂线条粘合的部位展开，获得零泊松比芯材。
作为方法的一种改进，第二子粘合剂线条的粘结强度为第一子粘合剂线条的粘接强度的10％～80％，包括：调节子粘合剂线条的宽度控制子粘合剂线条涂胶量，使第二子粘合剂线条的涂胶量为第一子粘合剂线条的涂胶量的10％～80％；或者，
子粘合剂线条是由粘合剂块状单元间隙排列形成的条状，调节子粘合剂线条中粘合剂块状单元间的间隙距离控制子粘合剂线条涂胶量，使第二子粘合剂线条的涂胶量为第一子粘合剂线条的涂胶量的10％～80％。
作为方法的一种改进，将多张薄板材料进行堆叠，并在相邻薄板材料之间进行粘接，包括：将多张薄板材料进行堆叠，在每一层薄板材料的同一面涂布粘合剂线条，以在相邻薄板材料之间进行粘接；或者，将多张薄板材料进行堆叠，在偶数层薄板材料的两面均涂布粘合剂线条，以在相邻薄板材料之间进行粘接。
作为方法的一种改进，步骤S3中还包括：对零泊松比芯材进行稳定化处理；其中，对菱形孔格芯材进行稳定化处理，包括：对菱形孔格芯材进行高温处理；和/或，将菱形孔格芯材浸渍树脂溶液，并固化树脂；对零泊松比芯材进行稳定化处理，包括：对零泊松比芯材进行高温处理；和/或，将零泊松比芯材浸渍树脂溶液，并固化树脂。
本发明提供一种零泊松比芯材的制备方法，其中，零泊松比芯材由多层弯折薄板堆叠形成，每一层弯折薄板由多个同一类型的折叠单元依次相连而成，折叠单元包括依次相连的第一板部和第二板部，第一板部的形状与2个以上依次相连的第一类单元壁的形状相同，第二板部的形状与1个第二类单元壁的形状相同；相邻两个弯折薄板之间围绕形成孔格单元，相邻两个弯折薄板之间的贴合部位通过连接结构连接；
制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1、获取多个弯折薄板；
步骤S2、在弯折薄板的第一板部上设置连接结构，将多个弯折薄板依次排列，形成零泊松比芯材的形状；通过连接结构连接相邻弯折薄板，获得零泊松比芯材。
本发明提供一种零泊松比芯材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1、根据零泊松比芯材制作铸模。
步骤S2、选取芯材的基体材料，将芯材的基体材料浇注于铸模内；开模得到零泊松比芯材。
本发明提供一种零泊松比芯材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：以芯材基体材料在3D打印设备上按照预先设计的模型图进行打印，获得零泊松比芯材。
本发明还提供一种复合材料，包括零泊松比芯材和覆盖于零泊松比芯材的面板，零泊松比芯材为如上所述的芯材。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明提出的芯材，具有轻质、高强、高模、阻燃、耐高温、低介电损耗的优点，并且，本发明提出的芯材具有零泊松比特性，适用于高强度夹层结构的制造，特别适用于变体结构中作为支撑的芯材。而且，本实施例提出的芯材只由一种类型的孔格单元组成，该孔格单元为类四方形，结构简单，为简单、成本低廉的芯材制备工艺的提出创造条件。
2、本发明提出的芯材的制备方法，首先通过堆叠多张薄板材料，在相邻薄板材料之间进行粘接，形成叠层板，然后对叠层板进行两次膨胀操作，即可制备获得单曲零泊松比芯材，工艺简单、制备迅速，可大批量生产，并且成本非常低。而且本发明提出，采用由在同一宽度方向上依次排列的涂胶量不同的第一子粘合剂线条和第二子粘合剂线条组成的粘合剂线条对相邻薄板材料进行粘接，配合后一层薄板材料上的粘和剂线条同向错位重合在前一层薄板材料的粘和剂线条上，能够制备出叠层板以通过两次膨胀操作制备单曲零泊松比芯材。
3、本发明提出的芯材的制备方法，首先通过堆叠多张薄板材料，在相邻薄板材料之间进行粘接，形成叠层板，然后对叠层板进行两次膨胀操作，即可制备获得双曲零泊松比芯材，工艺简单、制备迅速，可大批量生产，并且成本非常低。而且本发明提出，采用由在同一宽度方向上依次排列的涂胶量不同的第二子粘合剂线条、第一子粘合剂线条和第二子粘合剂线条组成的粘合剂线条对相邻薄板材料进行粘接，配合后一层薄板材料上的粘和剂线条同向错位重合在前一层薄板材料的粘和剂线条上，能够制备出叠层板以通过两次膨胀操作制备双曲零泊松比芯材。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限 制。在附图中：
图1是现有技术中六边形蜂窝芯材的立体结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例2中薄板材料单面涂布粘合剂线条的示意图；
图3是本发明实施例2中单面涂布粘合剂线条的薄板材料堆叠形成的第一种形式叠层板的结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例2中单面涂布粘合剂线条的薄板材料堆叠形成的第二种形式叠层板的结构示意图；
图5是本发明实施例2中双面涂布粘合剂线条的薄板材料与不涂布粘合剂线条的薄板材料交替堆叠形成的叠层板的结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例2中菱形孔格芯材的结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例1和实施例2中零泊松比芯材的结构示意图，其中示出了粘合剂线条，并且第一类单元壁由2层薄板材料堆叠形成；
图8是本发明实施例1中零泊松比芯材的结构示意图，其中示出了粘合剂线条，并且第一类单元壁由3层薄板材料堆叠形成；
图9是本发明实施例1和实施例2中零泊松比芯材的结构示意图，其中没有示出粘合剂线条；
图10是本发明实施例1和实施例2中零泊松比芯材的立体结构示意图；
图11是本发明实施例4中薄板材料单面涂布粘合剂线条的示意图；
图12是本发明实施例4中单面涂布粘合剂线条的薄板材料堆叠形成的第一种形式叠层板的结构示意图；
图13是本发明实施例4中单面涂布粘合剂线条的薄板材料堆叠形成的第二种形式叠层板的结构示意图；
图14是本发明实施例4中双面涂布粘合剂线条的薄板材料与不涂布粘合剂线条的薄板材料交替堆叠形成的叠层板的结构示意图；
图15是本发明实施例4中菱形孔格芯材的结构示意图；
图16是本发明实施例3和实施例4中零泊松比芯材的结构示意图， 其中示出了粘合剂线条，并且第一类单元壁由2层薄板材料堆叠形成；
图17是本发明实施例3和实施例4中零泊松比芯材的结构示意图，其中没有示出粘合剂线条；
图18是本发明实施例3和实施例4中零泊松比芯材的立体结构示意图；
图19是本发明实施例5中单曲零泊松比芯材的结构示意图，其中描粗的线条示出了一个弯折薄板和一个折叠单元；
图20是本发明实施例5中双曲零泊松比芯材的结构示意图，其中描粗的线条示出了一个弯折薄板和一个折叠单元。
附图标记说明
1＇孔格单元              11＇单元壁
1孔格单元                11第一类单元壁
12第二类单元壁
2薄板材料
4粘合剂线条              41第一子粘合剂线条
42第二子粘合剂线条
5弯折薄板                51折叠单元
7菱形孔格芯材
具体实施方式
为了更好的解释本发明，以便于理解，下面结合附图，通过具体实施方式，对本发明作详细描述。需要说明的是，本文中提到的“L方向”为芯材条带方向，“W方向”为芯材展开方向，“T方向”为芯材厚度方向，这3个方向以图1的定向为参照，这3个方向相互垂直。
实施例1
如图7至图10所示，本实施例提供一种零泊松比芯材，该芯材由多 个同一类型的孔格单元1无间隙排列形成，其中，孔格单元1为芯材中形成闭合结构的最小重复单元。
该孔格单元1包括两个相向设置的第一类单元壁11和两个相向设置的第二类单元壁12，两个第一类单元壁11之间通过两个第二类单元壁12连接，共同围绕形成孔格单元1；第一类单元壁11和第二类单元壁12均是相邻孔格单元共有的壁；第一类单元壁11作为孔格单元1的一个孔格壁，两个第一类单元壁11平行设置，第二类单元壁12包括两个依次相连的孔格壁(在本实施例中，分别为第一孔格壁和第二孔格壁)，第二类单元壁12中依次相连的两个孔格壁之间形成夹角，使第二类单元壁12为弯折结构。其中，孔格壁表示孔格单元1的各平面。
如此设置的芯材，具有轻质、高强、高模、阻燃、耐高温、低介电损耗的优点，应用于航空航天领域和船舶、高速铁路等民用领域中；并且，本实施例提出的芯材，在受到W方向的拉力/压力时，该拉力/压力作用于孔格单元1，孔格单元W方向的尺寸增大/缩小，同时，在拉力/压力作用下，第一孔格壁与第二孔格壁之间的夹角增大/减小，产生的变形由L方向相邻孔格单元1中第一孔格壁与第二孔格壁之间的夹角增大/减小补偿，从而本实施例提出的芯材具有零泊松比特性，适用于高强度夹层结构的制造，特别适用于变体结构中作为支撑的芯材；而且，本实施例提出的芯材只由一种类型的孔格单元1组成，该孔格单元1为类四方形，结构简单，为简单、成本低廉的芯材制备工艺的提出创造条件。
在第二类单元壁12内，依次相连的两个孔格壁之间形成夹角指的是依次相连的两个孔格壁之间不相互平行。优选地，依次相连的两个孔格壁之间形成的夹角为10～180°。进一步优选地，依次相连的两个孔格壁之间形成的夹角为60～120°。
优选地，孔格单元1的每一个孔格壁在LW平面(即芯材的L方向和W方向组成的平面)内的长度(孔格壁在LW平面内的长度即孔格壁的宽度)均相等。设置如此形状的孔格单元1，利于高强度、高结构稳定性的芯材形成。可以想见，孔格单元1的每一个孔格壁的宽度不都相等， 也能够实现类似的效果。
优选地，孔格单元1的孔格壁的宽度为2～8mm。进一步优选地，孔格单元1的孔格壁的宽度为3～5mm。
优选地，如图7、图8和图19所示，芯材由多层弯折薄板5堆叠形成；每一层弯折薄板5由多个同一类型的折叠单元51依次相连而成，折叠单元51包括依次相连的第一板部和第二板部，第一板部的形状与2个以上依次相连的第一类单元壁11的形状相同，第二板部的形状与1个第二类单元壁12的形状相同；相邻两个弯折薄板5之间围绕形成孔格单元1，相邻两个弯折薄板5之间的贴合部位通过连接结构连接。如此设置，进一步为简单、成本低廉的芯材制备工艺的提出创造条件。
由于第一板部的形状与2个以上依次相连的第一类单元壁11的形状相同，导致形成的芯材中第一类单元壁包括至少2层薄板材料。如图7所示，折叠单元51第一板部的形状与2个依次相连的第一类单元壁11的形状相同，形成的芯材中第一类单元壁由2层薄板材料堆叠形成。如图8所示，折叠单元51第一板部的形状与3个依次相连的第一类单元壁11的形状相同，形成的芯材中第一类单元壁由3层薄板材料堆叠形成。进一步优选地，第一类单元壁由2～5层薄板材料堆叠形成。
进一步优选地，在本实施例中，两个在W方向上无间隙排列的第一类单元壁11之间的连接结构为粘结剂。可以想见，两个在W方向上无间隙排列的第一类单元壁11之间的连接结构也可以为焊料，从而使相邻孔格单元1之间焊接，在具体实施时，可采用激光焊等多种焊接方式。当然，上述连接结构也可为本领域其他能够起到连接作用的结构或材料。
具体地，薄板材料2为芳族聚酰胺纸、聚酰亚胺纸、PBO纤维纸、牛皮纸、玻璃纤维布、碳纤维布，铝箔、不锈钢箔、钛合金箔、高温合金箔和铁铬铝箔中的一种。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种制备实施例1中零泊松比芯材的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1、将多张薄板材料2进行堆叠，并在相邻薄板材料2之间进行粘接，获得叠层板。
如图3、图4和图5所示，叠层板中，相邻薄板材料2之间布置多根等间距相互平行的粘合剂线条4将相邻薄板材料2粘接，每一根粘合剂线条4包括沿同一宽度方向(“宽度方向”为粘合剂线条4的宽度方向)依次排列的第一子粘合剂线条41和第二子粘合剂线条42，第二子粘合剂线条42的粘结强度为第一子粘合剂线条41的粘结强度的10％～80％；后一层薄板材料2上的粘和剂线条4同向错位部分重合在前一层薄板材料2的粘和剂线条4上，后一层薄板材料上的第一子粘合剂线条41与前一层薄板材料上的第二子粘合剂线条42重合。
其中，图3和图5所示的粘合剂线条4中第一子粘合剂线条41和第二子粘合剂线条42沿第一宽度方向(“宽度方向”为粘合剂线条4的宽度方向)依次排列，图4所示的粘合剂线条4中第一子粘合剂线条41和第二子粘合剂线条42沿第二宽度方向依次排列。
优选地，叠层板中，相邻薄板材料2完全重叠，每一层薄板材料上的多根粘合剂线条4布满其所在薄板材料2的面。如此，有效利用薄板材料2，以制备实施例1中的芯材。
优选地，叠层板中，后一层薄板材料上第一子粘合剂线条41和第二子粘合剂线条42的连接位置，与前一层薄板材料上第二子粘合剂线条42的自由端端部平齐。
进一步优选地，后一层薄板材料上的第一子粘合剂线条41与前一层薄板材料上的第二子粘合剂线条42完全重合，即第一子粘合剂线条41的宽度与第二子粘合剂线条42的宽度相等(如图2所示)。进一步优选地，同一层薄板材料上，相邻两个粘合剂线条4之间的间距为子粘合剂线条宽度的2倍。如此，能够制备出每一个孔格壁在LW平面内的长度均相等的孔格单元1。
优选地，第二子粘合剂线条42的粘结强度为第一子粘合剂线条41的粘结强度的10％～80％的实现，包括：第二子粘合剂线条42的胶量为第 一子粘合剂线条41的胶量的10％～80％。进一步优选地，子粘合剂线条胶量通过子粘合剂线条的宽度控制；或者，子粘合剂线条是由粘合剂块状单元间隙排列形成的条状，子粘合剂线条胶量通过子粘合剂线条中粘合剂块状单元间的间隙距离控制。
优选地，在本实施例中，将多张薄板材料2进行堆叠，并在相邻薄板材料2之间进行粘接，包括：将多张薄板材料2进行堆叠，每一层薄板材料2的同一面涂布粘合剂线条4，以在相邻薄板材料2之间进行粘接，如图3和图4所示。当然，这只是优选，可以想见，将多张薄板材料2进行堆叠，在偶数层薄板材料2的两面均涂布粘合剂线条4，以在相邻薄板材料2之间进行粘接，如图5所示。
具体地，在相邻薄板材料2之间进行粘接，还包括：将堆叠的涂有粘合剂的多张薄板材料2进行固化处理。该步骤针对的是需固化的粘合剂，以在相邻薄板材料2之间形成有效粘接；当然，对于非固化的粘合剂，本步骤也可以采用非固化的其他处理方式，以使相邻薄板材料2之间形成有效粘接。
步骤S2、在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开叠层板，将叠层板中未粘合的部位展开，获得菱形孔格芯材7。如图6所示。
步骤S3、将菱形孔格芯材进行稳定化处理后，在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开菱形孔格芯材7，将菱形孔格芯材7中第二子粘合剂线条42粘合的部位展开，获得单曲零泊松比芯材(“单曲”是指第二类单元壁12中存在一次弯折)。如图7和图8所示。
优选地，对菱形孔格芯材7进行稳定化处理，包括：对菱形孔格芯材7进行高温处理；和/或，将菱形孔格芯材7浸渍树脂溶液，并进行干燥、固化处理。进一步优选地，高温处理的温度为200～300℃，高温处理的时间为20～50min。
优选地，步骤S3还包括：对单曲零泊松比芯材进行稳定化处理。进一步优选地，对单曲零泊松比芯材进行稳定化处理，包括：对单曲零泊松比芯材进行高温处理；和/或，将单曲零泊松比芯材浸渍树脂溶液，并 固化树脂。
其中，菱形孔格芯材稳定化处理过程中和单曲零泊松比芯材稳定化处理过程中使用的树脂溶液为酚醛树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、氰酸脂树脂、聚酯、双马树脂和环氧树脂中的一种或多种。
步骤S4、对单曲零泊松比芯材进行锯切和/或片切，获得成品芯材。
本实施例提出的零泊松比芯材的制备方法，首先通过堆叠多张薄板材料2，在相邻薄板材料2之间进行粘接，形成叠层板，然后对叠层板进行两次展开操作，即可制备获得单曲零泊松比芯材，工艺简单、制备迅速，可大批量生产，并且成本非常低。而且本实施例提出，采用由在同一宽度方向上依次排列的涂胶量不同的第一子粘合剂线条41和第二子粘合剂线条42组成的粘合剂线条4对相邻薄板材料2进行粘接，配合后一层薄板材料2上的粘和剂线条42同向错位重合在前一层薄板材料2的粘和剂线条41上，能够制备出叠层板以通过两次膨胀操作制备单曲零泊松比芯材。
下面通过一个示例具体说明本实施例提供的制备实施例1中零泊松比芯材的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤A1、选取厚度为0.05mm的芳族聚酰胺纸作为薄板材料2；将多张芳族聚酰胺纸进行堆叠，每一层芳族聚酰胺纸同一面涂布粘合剂线条4，以在相邻芳族聚酰胺纸之间进行粘接，获得多层芳族聚酰胺纸，对粘和剂进行固化处理，获得上述步骤S1中的叠层板。如图3所示。
其中，粘合剂为黑龙江石油化学研究院研制的《J-80B Nomex纸蜂窝夹芯胶粘剂》；采用凹版式涂布机将粘合剂涂布在芳族聚酰胺纸上。
其中，叠层板中，每一根粘合剂线条4包括沿第一宽度方向(“宽度方向”为粘合剂线条4的宽度方向)依次排列的第一子粘合剂线条41和第二子粘合剂线条42，第二子粘合剂线条42的涂胶量为第一子粘合剂线条41的涂胶量的35％，粘合剂线条4的宽度为6mm，相邻两个粘合剂线条4之间的间距为6mm。
其中，对粘和剂进行固化处理，包括：将多层芳族聚酰胺纸放置在 热压机内，于加温和加压的条件下使粘和剂产生粘和效果。具体地，温度设置为180℃±5℃，压力设置为0.4Mpa±0.05Mpa，压制时间设置为180±5分钟。
步骤A2、在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开叠层板，将叠层板中未粘合的部位展开，获得菱形孔格材料。如图6所示。
步骤A3、将菱形孔格材料放置在高温干燥箱内，于260℃±5℃条件下，烘烤30±5分钟，获得稳定化处理的菱形孔格芯材7。
步骤A4、在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开稳定化处理后的菱形孔格芯材7，将菱形孔格芯材7中第二子粘合剂线条42粘合的部位展开，获得单曲零泊松比芯材。如图7和图8所示。本示例制得的单曲零泊松比芯材，孔格单元1的孔格壁宽度均为3.0mm，芯材密度约为36.7kg/m3。
实施例3
如图16至图18所示，本实施例提供的零泊松比芯材，与实施例1的不同之处在于：第二类单元壁12包括三个依次相连的孔格壁(在本实施例中，分别为第一孔格壁、第二孔格壁和第三孔格壁)，第二类单元壁12中依次相连的三个孔格壁之间形成夹角，使第二类单元壁12为弯折结构。
优选地，第二类单元壁12形成波浪型弯折结构，依次相连的两个孔格壁之间形成的夹角为10～120°。进一步优选地，依次相连的两个孔格壁之间形成的夹角为50～70°。
优选地，如图16和图20所示，芯材由多层弯折薄板5堆叠形成；每一层弯折薄板5由多个同一类型的折叠单元51依次相连而成，折叠单元51包括依次相连的第一板部和第二板部，第一板部的形状与2个以上依次相连的第一类单元壁11的形状相同，第二板部的形状与1个第二类单元壁12的形状相同；相邻两个弯折薄板5之间围绕形成孔格单元1，相邻两个弯折薄板5之间的贴合部位通过连接结构连接。如此设置，进一步为简单、成本低廉的芯材制备工艺的提出创造条件。
实施例4
本实施例提供的制备实施例3中零泊松比芯材的方法，与实施例2的主要区别在于：
步骤S1、将多张薄板材料2进行堆叠，并在相邻薄板材料2之间进行粘接，获得叠层板。
如图12、图13和图14所示，叠层板中，相邻薄板材料2之间布置多根等间距相互平行的粘合剂线条4将相邻薄板材料2粘接，每一根粘合剂线条4包括沿同一宽度方向依次排列的第二子粘合剂线条42、第一子粘合剂线条41和第二子粘合剂线条42，第二子粘合剂线条42的粘结强度为第一子粘合剂线条41的粘接强度的10％～80％；后一层薄板材料2上的粘和剂线条4同向错位部分重合在前一层薄板材料2的粘和剂线条4上，后一层薄板材料上的第一子粘合剂线条41与前一层薄板材料上的第二子粘合剂线条42重合，后一层薄板材料上的第二子粘合剂线条42与前一层薄板材料上的第一子粘合剂线条41重合。其中，图12和图14所示的粘合剂线条4中一个第二子粘合剂线条42、一个第一子粘合剂线条41和一个第二子粘合剂线条42沿第一宽度方向(“宽度方向”为粘合剂线条4的宽度方向)依次排列，图13所示的粘合剂线条4中一个第二子粘合剂线条42、一个第一子粘合剂线条41和一个第二子粘合剂线条42沿第二宽度方向依次排列。
优选地，在本实施例中，将多张薄板材料2进行堆叠，并在相邻薄板材料2之间进行粘接，包括：将多张薄板材料2进行堆叠，每一层薄板材料2的同一面涂布粘合剂线条4，以在相邻薄板材料2之间进行粘接，如图12和图13所示。当然，这只是优选，可以想见，将多张薄板材料2进行堆叠，在偶数层薄板材料2的两面均涂布粘合剂线条4，以在相邻薄板材料2之间进行粘接，如图14所示。
步骤S2、在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开叠层板，将叠层板中未粘合的部位展开，获得菱形孔格芯材7。如图15所示。
步骤S3、将菱形孔格芯材进行稳定化处理后，在垂直于薄板材料的方向(即W方向)展开菱形孔格芯材7，将菱形孔格芯材7中第二子粘 合剂线条42粘合的部位展开，获得双曲零泊松比芯材(“双曲”是指第二类单元壁12中存在两次弯折)。如图16和图17所示。
步骤S4、对双曲零泊松比芯材进行锯切和/或片切，获得成品芯材。
本实施例提出的零泊松比芯材的制备方法，首先通过堆叠多张薄板材料2，在相邻薄板材料2之间进行粘接，形成叠层板，然后对叠层板进行两次展开操作，即可制备获得双曲零泊松比芯材，工艺简单、制备迅速，可大批量生产，并且成本非常低。而且本实施例提出，采用由在同一宽度方向上依次排列的涂胶量不同的第二子粘合剂线条42、第一子粘合剂线条41和第二子粘合剂线条42组成的粘合剂线条4对相邻薄板材料2进行粘接，配合后一层薄板材料2上的粘和剂线条42同向错位重合在前一层薄板材料2的粘和剂线条41上，能够制备出叠层板以通过两次膨胀操作制备双曲零泊松比芯材。
下面通过一个示例具体说明本实施例提供的制备实施例3中零泊松比芯材的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤A1、选取厚度为0.08mm的芳族聚酰胺纸作为薄板材料2；将多张芳族聚酰胺纸进行堆叠，每一层芳族聚酰胺纸的同一面涂布粘合剂线条4，以在相邻芳族聚酰胺纸之间进行粘接，获得多层芳族聚酰胺纸，对粘合剂进行固化处理，获得上述步骤S1中的叠层板。如图12所示。
其中，粘合剂为黑龙江石油化学研究院研制的《J-80B Nomex纸蜂窝夹芯胶粘剂》；采用凹版式涂布机将粘合剂涂布在芳族聚酰胺纸上。
其中，叠层板中，每一根粘合剂线条4包括沿第一宽度方向依次排列的第二子粘合剂线条42、第一子粘合剂线条41和第二子粘合剂线条42，第二子粘合剂线条42的涂胶量为第一子粘合剂线条41的涂胶量的50％，粘合剂线条4的宽度为15mm，相邻两个粘合剂线条4之间的间距为10mm。
其中，对粘合剂进行固化处理，包括：将多层芳族聚酰胺纸放置在热压机内，于加温和加压的条件下使粘合剂产生粘合效果。具体地，温度设置为180℃±5℃，压力设置为0.6Mpa±0.05Mpa，压制时间设置为 180±5分钟。
步骤A2、在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开叠层板，将叠层板中未粘合的部位展开，获得菱形孔格材料。如图15所示。
步骤A3、将菱形孔格材料放置在高温干燥箱内，于260℃±5℃条件下，烘烤30±5分钟，获得稳定化处理的菱形孔格芯材7。
步骤A4、在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开稳定化处理后的菱形孔格芯材7，将菱形孔格芯材7中第二子粘合剂线条42粘合的部位展开，获得双曲零泊松比芯材。如图16和图17所示。本示例制得的双曲零泊松比芯材，孔格单元1的孔格壁宽度均为5.0mm，芯材密度约为25.4kg/m3(1.59lb/ft3)。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种制备实施例1或实施例3中零泊松比芯材的方法。
如图19和图20所示，零泊松比芯材由多层弯折薄板5堆叠形成，每一层弯折薄板5由多个同一类型的折叠单元51依次相连而成，折叠单元51包括依次相连的第一板部和第二板部，第一板部的形状与2个以上依次相连的第一类单元壁11的形状相同，第二板部的形状与1个第二类单元壁12的形状相同；相邻两个弯折薄板5之间围绕形成孔格单元1，相邻两个弯折薄板5之间的贴合部位通过连接结构连接。
由此，本实施例提供的零泊松比芯材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1、设计第二类单元壁12中各孔格壁的宽度及相邻孔格壁之间的夹角，设计第一类单元壁11的宽度，根据设计结果制作弯折薄板5的成型摸具。
步骤S2、选取弯折薄板5的基体材料，将基体材料在成型摸具中压制形成弯折薄板5。
步骤S3、在弯折薄板5的第一板部上设置连接结构，将多个弯折薄板5依次排列，形成零泊松比芯材的形状；通过连接结构连接相邻弯折薄板5，获得零泊松比芯材。
实施例6
本实施例提供一种制备实施例1或实施例3中零泊松比芯材的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1、根据零泊松比芯材制作铸模。
步骤S2、选取芯材的基体材料，将芯材的基体材料浇注于铸模内；开模得到零泊松比芯材。
实施例7
本实施例提供一种制备实施例1或实施例3中零泊松比芯材的方法，包括以下步骤：以芯材基体材料在3D打印设备上按照预先设计的模型图进行打印，获得零泊松比芯材。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例1示出的零泊松比芯材中第二类单元壁12存在一个弯折，实施例2示出的零泊松比芯材中第二类单元壁12存在两个弯折仅仅是优选，可以想见，本发明提出的芯材结构中第二类单元壁12存在三个以上的弯折，同样能够具有零泊松比的特性。
需要理解的是，以上对本发明的具体实施例进行的描述只是为了说明本发明的技术路线和特点，其目的在于让本领域内的技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，但本发明并不限于上述特定实施方式。凡是在本发明权利要求的范围内做出的各种变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种零泊松比芯材，其特征在于，
    该芯材由多个同一类型的孔格单元(1)无间隙排列形成；
    孔格单元(1)包括两个相向设置的第一类单元壁(11)和两个相向设置的第二类单元壁(12)，两个第一类单元壁(11)之间通过两个第二类单元壁(12)连接，共同围绕形成孔格单元(1)；第一类单元壁(11)和第二类单元壁(12)均是相邻孔格单元共有的壁；
    第一类单元壁(11)作为孔格单元(1)的一个孔格壁，两个第一类单元壁(11)平行设置；第二类单元壁(12)至少包括两个依次相连的孔格壁，第二类单元壁(12)中依次相连的两个孔格壁之间形成夹角，使第二类单元壁(12)为弯折结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的零泊松比芯材，其特征在于，
    芯材由多层弯折薄板(5)堆叠形成；
    每一层弯折薄板(5)由多个同一类型的折叠单元(51)依次相连而成，折叠单元(51)包括依次相连的第一板部和第二板部，第一板部的形状与2个以上依次相连的第一类单元壁(11)的形状相同，第二板部的形状与1个第二类单元壁(12)的形状相同；
    相邻两个弯折薄板(5)之间围绕形成孔格单元(1)，相邻两个弯折薄板(5)之间的贴合部位通过连接结构连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的零泊松比芯材，其特征在于，
    第二类单元壁(12)中依次相连的两个孔格壁之间形成夹角为10～180°。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的零泊松比芯材，其特征在于，
    第二类单元壁(12)为依次相连的三个以上的孔格壁时，第二类单元壁(12)形成波浪型弯折结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的零泊松比芯材，其特征在于，
    孔格单元(1)的每一个孔格壁的宽度均相等；
    孔格单元(1)的孔格壁的宽度为2～8mm。
  6. 一种零泊松比芯材的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法对第二类单元壁(12)为依次相连的两个孔格壁的零泊松比芯材进行制备，包括以下步骤：
    步骤S1、将多张薄板材料(2)进行堆叠，并在相邻薄板材料(2)之间进行粘接，获得叠层板；
    获得的叠层板中，相邻薄板材料(2)之间布置多根等间距相互平行的粘合剂线条(4)将相邻薄板材料(2)粘接，每一根粘合剂线条(4)包括沿同一宽度方向依次排列的第一子粘合剂线条(41)和第二子粘合剂线条(42)，第二子粘合剂线条(42)的粘结强度为第一子粘合剂线条(41)的粘结强度的10％～80％；后一层薄板材料(2)上的粘和剂线条(4)同向错位部分重合在前一层薄板材料(2)的粘和剂线条(4)上，后一层薄板材料上的第一子粘合剂线条(41)与前一层薄板材料上的第二子粘合剂线条(42)重合；
    步骤S2、在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开叠层板，将叠层板中未粘合的部位展开，获得菱形孔格芯材；
    步骤S3、将菱形孔格芯材进行稳定化处理后，在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开菱形孔格芯材，将菱形孔格芯材中第二子粘合剂线条(42)粘合的部位展开，获得零泊松比芯材。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的零泊松比芯材的制备方法，其特征在于，第二子粘合剂线条(42)的粘结强度为第一子粘合剂线条(41)的粘结强度的10％～80％，包括：
    调节子粘合剂线条的宽度控制子粘合剂线条涂胶量，使第二子粘合剂线条(42)的涂胶量为第一子粘合剂线条(41)的涂胶量的10％～80％；或者，
    子粘合剂线条是由粘合剂块状单元间隙排列形成的条状，调节子粘合剂线条中粘合剂块状单元间的间隙距离控制子粘合剂线条涂胶量，使第二子粘合剂线条(42)的涂胶量为第一子粘合剂线条(41) 的涂胶量的10％～80％。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的零泊松比芯材的制备方法，其特征在于，将多张薄板材料(2)进行堆叠，并在相邻薄板材料(2)之间进行粘接，包括：
    将多张薄板材料(2)进行堆叠，每一层薄板材料(2)的同一面涂布粘合剂线条(4)，以在相邻薄板材料(2)之间进行粘接；或者，将多张薄板材料(2)进行堆叠，在偶数层薄板材料(2)的两面均涂布粘合剂线条(4)，以在相邻薄板材料(2)之间进行粘接。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的零泊松比芯材的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中还包括：对零泊松比芯材进行稳定化处理；
    其中，对菱形孔格芯材进行稳定化处理，包括：对菱形孔格芯材进行高温处理；和/或，将菱形孔格芯材浸渍树脂溶液，并固化树脂；
    对零泊松比芯材进行稳定化处理，包括：对零泊松比芯材进行高温处理；和/或，将零泊松比芯材浸渍树脂溶液，并固化树脂。
  10. 一种零泊松比芯材的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法对第二类单元壁(12)为依次相连的三个孔格壁的零泊松比芯材进行制备，包括以下步骤：
    步骤S1、将多张薄板材料(2)进行堆叠，并在相邻薄板材料(2)之间进行粘接，获得叠层板；
    获得的叠层板中，相邻薄板材料(2)之间布置多根等间距相互平行的粘合剂线条(4)将相邻薄板材料(2)粘接，每一根粘合剂线条(4)包括沿同一宽度方向依次排列的第二子粘合剂线条(42)、第一子粘合剂线条(41)和第二子粘合剂线条(42)，第二子粘合剂线条(42)的粘结强度为第一子粘合剂线条(41)的粘接强度的10％～80％；后一层薄板材料(2)上的粘和剂线条(4)同向错位部分重合在前一层薄板材料(2)的粘和剂线条(4)上，后一层薄板 材料上的第一子粘合剂线条(41)与前一层薄板材料上的第二子粘合剂线条(42)重合，后一层薄板材料上的第二子粘合剂线条(42)与前一层薄板材料上的第一子粘合剂线条(41)重合；
    步骤S2、在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开叠层板，将薄板材料中未粘合的部位展开，获得菱形孔格芯材；
    步骤S3、将菱形孔格芯材进行稳定化处理后，在垂直于薄板材料的方向展开菱形孔格芯材，将菱形孔格芯材中通过第二子粘合剂线条粘合的部位展开，获得零泊松比芯材。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的零泊松比芯材的制备方法，其特征在于，第二子粘合剂线条(42)的粘结强度为第一子粘合剂线条(41)的粘接强度的10％～80％，包括：
    调节子粘合剂线条的宽度控制子粘合剂线条涂胶量，使第二子粘合剂线条(42)的涂胶量为第一子粘合剂线条(41)的涂胶量的10％～80％；或者，
    子粘合剂线条是由粘合剂块状单元间隙排列形成的条状，调节子粘合剂线条中粘合剂块状单元间的间隙距离控制子粘合剂线条涂胶量，使第二子粘合剂线条(42)的涂胶量为第一子粘合剂线条(41)的涂胶量的10％～80％。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的零泊松比芯材的制备方法，其特征在于，将多张薄板材料(2)进行堆叠，并在相邻薄板材料(2)之间进行粘接，包括：
    将多张薄板材料(2)进行堆叠，在每一层薄板材料(2)的同一面涂布粘合剂线条(4)，以在相邻薄板材料(2)之间进行粘接；或者，将多张薄板材料(2)进行堆叠，在偶数层薄板材料(2)的两面均涂布粘合剂线条(4)，以在相邻薄板材料(2)之间进行粘接。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的零泊松比芯材的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中还包括：对零泊松比芯材进行稳定化处理；
    其中，对菱形孔格芯材进行稳定化处理，包括：对菱形孔格芯材进行高温处理；和/或，将菱形孔格芯材浸渍树脂溶液，并固化树脂；
    对零泊松比芯材进行稳定化处理，包括：对零泊松比芯材进行高温处理；和/或，将零泊松比芯材浸渍树脂溶液，并固化树脂。
  14. 一种零泊松比芯材的制备方法，其特征在于，零泊松比芯材由多层弯折薄板(5)堆叠形成，每一层弯折薄板(5)由多个同一类型的折叠单元(51)依次相连而成，折叠单元(51)包括依次相连的第一板部和第二板部，第一板部的形状与2个以上依次相连的第一类单元壁(11)的形状相同，第二板部的形状与1个第二类单元壁(12)的形状相同；相邻两个弯折薄板(5)之间围绕形成孔格单元(1)，相邻两个弯折薄板(5)之间的贴合部位通过连接结构连接；
    制备方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤S1、获取多个弯折薄板(5)；
    步骤S2、在弯折薄板(5)的第一板部上设置连接结构，将多个弯折薄板(5)依次排列，形成零泊松比芯材的形状；通过连接结构连接相邻弯折薄板(5)，获得零泊松比芯材。
  15. 一种零泊松比芯材的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤S1、根据零泊松比芯材制作铸模；
    步骤S2、选取芯材的基体材料，将芯材的基体材料浇注于铸模内；开模得到零泊松比芯材。
  16. 一种零泊松比芯材的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    以芯材基体材料在3D打印设备上按照预先设计的模型图进行打印，获得零泊松比芯材。
  17. 一种复合材料，其特征在于，包括零泊松比芯材和覆盖于 零泊松比芯材的面板，零泊松比芯材为权利要求1-5任一项所述的芯材。
PCT/CN2023/092584 2022-05-12 2023-05-06 零泊松比芯材及其制备方法、复合材料 WO2023217048A1 (zh)

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CN102745324A (zh) * 2012-07-07 2012-10-24 西北工业大学 一种柔性蒙皮
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CN105754321A (zh) * 2016-05-06 2016-07-13 微刻（北京）科技有限公司 四斜面阵列可展结构和发泡板材及其制备方法
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CN102653133A (zh) * 2012-04-19 2012-09-05 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 一种预浸织物的折叠结构及其成型方法
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