WO2023216529A1 - Chambre de combustion inférieure gaz-air à double étage ultra-pauvre en azote et procédé de combustion pour celle-ci - Google Patents

Chambre de combustion inférieure gaz-air à double étage ultra-pauvre en azote et procédé de combustion pour celle-ci Download PDF

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WO2023216529A1
WO2023216529A1 PCT/CN2022/129935 CN2022129935W WO2023216529A1 WO 2023216529 A1 WO2023216529 A1 WO 2023216529A1 CN 2022129935 W CN2022129935 W CN 2022129935W WO 2023216529 A1 WO2023216529 A1 WO 2023216529A1
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gas
air
nozzle
combustion
stage
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PCT/CN2022/129935
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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杨阳
俞维根
李易峰
闫玉平
韩学斌
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北京航天石化技术装备工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2023216529A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023216529A1/fr

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/26Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid with provision for a retention flame
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48Nozzles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48Nozzles
    • F23D14/58Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/60Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas-air dual-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner and a combustion method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of burners.
  • Nitrogen oxides are one of the main sources of air pollution. They are toxic to humans, animals and plants, and are an important factor in the formation of haze (PM2.5), acid rain, and acid fog.
  • the harm of NO High-temperature petrochemical heating furnaces such as cracking furnaces mostly use gas as fuel, and their NOx emissions usually exceed national environmental protection emission requirements. Under the promotion of new environmental protection standards, burners are required to achieve lower NOx emissions.
  • many low NOx technologies are used at home and abroad, including staged combustion, rich and light combustion, flue gas recirculation technology, etc. As the requirements for NOx emission indicators become more stringent, conventional low-nitrogen burners can no longer meet the requirements for reducing NOx emissions.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a gas-air double-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner and its combustion method, which can effectively reduce NOx emissions and ensure stable and reliable combustion and uniform temperature field.
  • a gas-air double-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner includes an air box, an air inlet, an air inlet partition, an air box partition, a first-level gas spray gun, and a second-level gas spray gun.
  • the air inlet is installed on the air box, so The air inlet partition divides the air inlet into a primary air inlet and a secondary air inlet.
  • the air box partition divides the interior of the air box into a primary air area and a secondary air area. The air box partition is in contact with the air inlet.
  • the air inlet partitions are vertically connected, and the combustion-supporting air enters the primary air area through the primary air inlet, and enters the secondary air area through the secondary air inlet;
  • the first-level gas spray gun is installed on the first-level
  • the wind area is parallel to the wind box partition, and the first-level gas nozzle is installed on the head of the first-level gas nozzle.
  • the first-level gas nozzle is used to form a V-shaped plane flame;
  • the second-level gas nozzle passes through the secondary air
  • the area extends into the furnace, and a secondary gas nozzle is installed on the head of the secondary gas nozzle.
  • the secondary gas nozzle includes at least 2 layers of nozzle holes, and each layer includes at least 2 nozzle holes.
  • the first-level gas nozzle is provided with two rows of nozzle holes evenly distributed along the axial direction.
  • the angle between the spray directions of the two rows of nozzle holes is 40° to 120°.
  • the total number of the two rows of nozzle holes is 10 to 60.
  • the length of the first-level gas nozzle accounts for more than 40% of the cross-sectional length of the primary air area.
  • a V-shaped flame stabilizer is installed on the first-level gas nozzle, and the angle between two sides of the V-shaped flame stabilizer is consistent with the angle between the injection directions of the two rows of nozzle holes in the first-level gas nozzle.
  • any nozzle hole of the first-level gas nozzle is located between two adjacent openings of the V-shaped flame stabilizer.
  • the air inlet is equipped with air inlet adjustment handles for primary air and secondary air adjustment respectively.
  • the outlet section of the secondary air area is a contraction channel with a smaller cross-sectional area.
  • the secondary gas nozzle includes three layers of nozzle holes, namely a first layer of nozzle holes, a second layer of nozzle holes, and a third layer of nozzle holes.
  • the angle ⁇ between the injection direction of the first layer nozzle hole and the axis of the secondary gas nozzle satisfies 15° ⁇ 25°.
  • the angle ⁇ between the injection direction of the second layer nozzle holes and the axis of the secondary gas nozzle satisfies 30° ⁇ 45°.
  • the angle ⁇ between the injection direction of the third layer nozzle hole and the axis of the secondary gas nozzle satisfies 50° ⁇ 65°.
  • the number of nozzle holes in the first layer is 3, the middle nozzle hole is the first middle nozzle hole, and the nozzle holes on both sides are symmetrically distributed with the first middle nozzle hole as the center.
  • the number of nozzle holes in the second layer is 2, and they are arranged in the middle of the intervals between the nozzle holes in the first layer.
  • the number of nozzle holes in the third layer is 3, the middle nozzle hole is the second middle nozzle hole, the horizontal position of the second middle nozzle hole is consistent with the first middle nozzle hole, and the remaining two nozzle holes are in the third layer.
  • the two middle nozzles are distributed symmetrically about the center.
  • the diameter of the nozzle holes in the first layer is greater than 3 mm.
  • the gas flow rate injected by the first layer of nozzle holes is greater than 50% of the total gas flow rate of the burner.
  • the diameter of the nozzle holes in the second layer is 3mm.
  • the gas flow rate injected by the second layer nozzle holes is 10% to 15% greater than the total gas flow rate of the burner.
  • the diameter of the nozzle holes of the third layer is 2 mm.
  • the gas flow rate injected by the third layer nozzle holes is 3% to 5% greater than the total gas flow rate of the burner.
  • it also includes a continuous light, and the continuous light is installed in the secondary air area.
  • a combustion method for a gas-air dual-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner including the following steps:
  • S201 Use the first-level gas nozzle to spray gas, mix it with the combustion air in the primary air area for first-level combustion, and adjust the primary combustion air volume through the air inlet adjustment handle to make the first-level combustion a hypoxic combustion far away from the chemically appropriate ratio; gas A V-shaped plane primary flame is formed through the primary gas nozzle, and a low-speed reflow area is further formed through the V-shaped flame stabilizer;
  • S202 Mix the unburned gas in the primary combustion and the flue gas generated in the combustion with the combustion air in the secondary air area to perform secondary combustion;
  • S203 Use the secondary gas lance to inject the furnace flue gas into the secondary combustion area to mix with the flue gas generated by primary combustion and secondary combustion to perform third-level combustion.
  • a gas-air dual-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner provided by the present invention adopts a combustion organization mode that couples overall gas classification and local air classification to effectively reduce the amount of NO X generated;
  • the present invention provides a gas-air double-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner.
  • the first-level gas nozzle adopts a T-shaped porous gas nozzle to form a long V-shaped plane flame, and the gas is mixed and burned with all the primary air as quickly as possible to avoid Generate local hotspot areas;
  • the first-stage flame and the air-staged partition are parallel to ensure that the second-stage air can meet the first-stage flame evenly and the flame temperature field is uniform;
  • the present invention provides a gas-air dual-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner.
  • the first-stage gas nozzle is equipped with a V-shaped flame stabilizer to form a low-speed reflow area. On the basis of improving the stability of the low-nitrogen combustion flame, it further Reduce NOx production;
  • the present invention provides a gas-air dual-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner that adjusts the ratio of primary air and secondary air through the air inlet adjustment handle to achieve ideal expected combustion effects under different working conditions and improve ignition stability. performance, reducing NOx emissions;
  • the present invention provides a gas-air dual-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner.
  • the secondary gas nozzle adopts a three-layer nozzle structure to ensure stable and reliable combustion, improve the uniformity of the secondary combustion reaction, and reduce the secondary combustion reaction. Generation of NO X in the area;
  • gas-air dual-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner cracking furnace or other high-temperature furnace heating furnace can achieve NO X emissions of less than 55 mg/Nm 3 under normal operating conditions.
  • NO X emissions less than 30 mg/Nm 3 can be achieved in a heating furnace with a lower furnace temperature.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas-air dual-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom gas burner of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the first-stage T-shaped porous gas nozzle of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic assembly diagram of the first-stage T-shaped porous gas nozzle and V-shaped flame stabilizer of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-stage gas nozzle of the present invention, where Figure 4(a) is a side view and Figure 4(b) is a front view;
  • the invention provides a gas-air dual-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner and a combustion method thereof that couple the overall gas classification and local air classification.
  • Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a gas-air dual-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner provided by the present invention.
  • the burner mainly includes: air box 4, air inlet 1, air inlet partition 2, air box partition 10, first-level gas spray gun 5, second-level gas spray gun 7, and constant light 6.
  • An air inlet 1 is installed on the air box 4, and an air box partition 10 and an air inlet partition 2 are respectively provided in the burner air box 4 and the air inlet 1.
  • the air inlet partition 2 divides the combustion air into primary air and secondary air and enters the interior of the air box 4.
  • the air box partition 2 is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the air box and divides the interior of the air box 4 into a primary air area and a secondary air area.
  • the air inlet partition 2 and the wind box partition 10 are vertical and connected by welding; the outlet section of the primary air area is a straight channel with a constant cross-sectional area.
  • the outlet section of the secondary air area is a contraction channel with a smaller cross-sectional area, which increases the speed of the secondary air to fully mix it with the primary flame.
  • the first-level gas spray gun 5 penetrates from the bottom 4 of the wind box and is installed in the first-level air area through the air inlet partition 2.
  • the first-level gas spray gun 5 is parallel to the wind box partition 10.
  • the first-level gas nozzle 12 is installed on the head of the first-level gas nozzle 5 for forming a long V-shaped plane flame; the second-level gas nozzle 7 passes through the bottom of the wind box 4, the secondary air area and the burner brick 9 and extends into the furnace.
  • a secondary gas nozzle 8 is installed on the head of the secondary gas nozzle 7; the secondary gas nozzle 8 ejects the furnace flue gas and then enters the primary combustion area for combustion; preferably, the burner also includes a permanent light 6, which passes through The bottom of the air box is installed in the secondary air area.
  • the burner adopts a gas classification method as a whole.
  • the first-level gas and combustion-supporting air are mixed and burned.
  • the second-level gas nozzle injects the furnace flue gas and then enters the first-level combustion area for combustion.
  • the first-level combustion area is the key area for generating NO X. Since The combustion here is direct combustion of fresh air and gas, and the amount of NOx produced is consistent with conventional diffusion combustion.
  • the present invention significantly reduces the NO
  • two air inlet adjusting handles 3 are installed on the burner air box 4, which are respectively responsible for adjusting the primary air and secondary air volumes.
  • Adjustments are made to achieve the ideal desired combustion effect under different operating conditions.
  • the primary air volume is close to the chemical ratio, and the air excess coefficient is between 0.9 and 1.3, thereby improving ignition stability and achieving a higher regulation ratio;
  • the air excess coefficient is between 0.6 ⁇ 0.9 or 1.6 ⁇ 2.3, reducing NOx emissions.
  • the first-level gas nozzle 12 is a T-shaped multi-hole gas nozzle.
  • the first-level gas nozzle has two rows of nozzle holes evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. The line between the nozzle hole and the axis is The angle ⁇ between them is 40° to 120°, the total number of the two rows of nozzle holes is 10 to 60, and the length accounts for more than 40% of the channel cross-sectional length.
  • a long V-shaped plane flame is formed. The flame length accounts for more than 40% of the cross-sectional length of the primary air area.
  • the gas is mixed and burned with all the primary air as quickly as possible, which significantly improves the uniformity of the combustion temperature field. , to avoid the generation of thermal NO
  • a V-shaped flame stabilizer 11 is installed on the first-level gas nozzle 12.
  • the V-shaped flame stabilizer 11 is a low-nitrogen flame stabilizer with porous spaced distribution.
  • the V-shaped flame stabilizer is The angle between both sides of the device is 40° to 120°, which is consistent with the angle between the two rows of nozzle holes of the first-level gas nozzle 12 and the axis; it is opened 1/3 to 2/3 away from the V-shaped tip on both sides.
  • each nozzle hole of the gas nozzle 12 is located between the openings of the V-shaped flame stabilizer 11 to ensure that when the primary air and the primary gas nozzle meet, each nozzle hole is sprayed at the low speed of the return flow formed by the orifice plate of the V-shaped flame stabilizer 11 In this area, on the basis of improving the combustion stability of low-nitrogen flame, a small amount of air is injected through the small holes to partially react the gas.
  • the methane in the gas can reduce part of NO, further reducing NOx emissions.
  • the secondary gas nozzle 8 has a three-layer structure, as shown in Figure 4(b), including a first layer of nozzle holes, a second layer of nozzle holes, and a third layer of nozzle holes.
  • Figure 4(a) the angle between the first layer nozzle hole and the 8-axis axis of the secondary gas nozzle satisfies 15° ⁇ 25°, and the angle between the second layer nozzle hole and the secondary gas nozzle axis satisfies 15° ⁇ 25°.
  • the angle between the 8 axes of the nozzle meets 30° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 45°, and the angle between the third layer nozzle holes and the 8 axes of the secondary gas nozzle satisfies 50° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 65°.
  • the number of nozzle holes in the first layer is 3, and the nozzle holes on both sides are symmetrically distributed with the middle nozzle hole as the center.
  • the nozzle holes in this layer are the flame holes at the top of the secondary combustion.
  • the diameter of the nozzle holes is greater than 3mm, and the gas flow rate injected is greater than 50% of the total gas flow rate, thereby significantly increasing the length of the combustion flame and reducing the combustion reaction speed.
  • the number of nozzle holes in the second layer is 2, and the horizontal position of the nozzle holes is in the middle of the intervals between the nozzle holes in the first layer.
  • the nozzle holes in this layer are secondary combustion intermediate flame holes with a larger hole diameter of 3 mm, and the gas flow rate injected accounts for 10 to 15% of the total gas flow rate of the burner.
  • the first layer of nozzle holes and the second layer of nozzle holes form a multi-layer combustion reaction area, which effectively improves the temperature exchange between the combustion area and the surrounding environment, improves the uniformity of the secondary combustion reaction, further reduces the temperature high point of the secondary combustion area, and thereby reduces the temperature of the secondary combustion area.
  • Thermal NO X generation in the first-stage combustion reaction zone The number of nozzle holes in the three layers is 3, the horizontal position of the middle nozzle hole is consistent with the middle nozzle hole of the first layer of nozzle holes, and the remaining two nozzle holes are symmetrically distributed with the middle nozzle hole as the center.
  • the nozzle holes in this layer are pilot holes with a diameter of 2 mm, and the gas flow rate injected accounts for 3 to 5% of the total gas flow rate of the burner.
  • the lower nozzle holes quickly enter the high-temperature area at the bottom and are ignited, ensuring stable and reliable combustion.
  • the working process of the gas-air dual-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner provided by the invention is as follows:
  • the first-level gas nozzle 5 sprays gas, which is mixed and burned with the combustion-supporting air in the primary air area.
  • the first-level combustion is an oxygen-deficient combustion far away from the chemically appropriate ratio.
  • the amount of NO Low; a long V-shaped plane first-level flame is formed through the first-level gas nozzle 12, and the flame cross section covers the entire primary air area, significantly improving the uniformity of the combustion temperature field, thereby avoiding the thermal NO
  • the methane in the gas can reduce part of the NO, further reducing the NO X is generated.
  • the unburned gas in the primary combustion meets the combustion-supporting air in the secondary air area and undergoes secondary combustion; a large amount of flue gas generated in the primary combustion simultaneously participates in the combustion reaction, diluting the concentration of reactants and significantly reducing combustion and NOx production.
  • the reaction speed; and the flow directions of the primary combustion flue gas and the secondary air are basically parallel, and the mixing flow between them is low, which further reduces the reaction speed, thereby significantly reducing the NOx generation of the secondary combustion.
  • the secondary gas lance 7 injects the furnace flue gas into the secondary combustion area for third-stage combustion.
  • the methane in the gas first reduces the NO area, the flue gas generated by the primary and secondary combustion and the flue gas emitted by the secondary gas nozzle will significantly reduce the concentration of reactants in the two reactions of combustion and NO The temperature is significantly lowered and the reaction temperature field is more uniform, ultimately reducing the generation of thermal NOx .
  • the concentration of reactants in the NOx generation reaction the generation of NOx is significantly reduced.
  • the present invention also provides a combustion method for a gas-air dual-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner as described above, which includes the following steps:
  • S201 Use the first-level gas spray gun 5 to eject gas, mix it with the combustion air in the primary air area to perform first-level combustion, and adjust the primary combustion air volume through the air inlet adjustment handle 3 to make the first-level combustion a hypoxic combustion far away from the chemically appropriate ratio. ;
  • the gas passes through the first-level gas nozzle 12 to form a V-shaped plane first-level flame, and further passes through the V-shaped flame stabilizer 11 to form a low-speed reflow area;
  • S202 Mix the unburned gas in the primary combustion and the flue gas generated in the combustion with the combustion air in the secondary air area to perform secondary combustion;
  • S203 Use the secondary gas lance 7 to inject the furnace flue gas into the secondary combustion area to mix with the flue gas generated by primary combustion and secondary combustion to perform third-level combustion.
  • the gas-air double-stage ultra-low nitrogen bottom burner provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the emission of NO Achieve NO X emissions of less than 55 mg/Nm 3 under normal operating conditions.
  • the NOx emission can be less than 30 mg/Nm 3 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une chambre de combustion inférieure gaz-air à double étage ultra-pauvre en azote. La chambre de combustion inférieure gaz-air à double étage ultra-pauvre en azote comprend principalement une boîte à air, une entrée d'air, une plaque de séparation d'entrée d'air, une plaque de séparation de boîte à air, un pistolet de pulvérisation de gaz de premier étage et un pistolet de pulvérisation de gaz de second étage ; l'entrée d'air est installée sur la boite à air, la plaque de séparation d'entrée d'air divise l'entrée d'air en une entrée d'air primaire et une entrée d'air secondaire, la plaque de séparation de boîte à air divise l'intérieur de la boîte à air en une zone d'air primaire et une zone d'air secondaire, le pistolet de pulvérisation de gaz de premier étage est monté dans la zone d'air primaire, et le pistolet de pulvérisation de gaz de second étage pénètre à travers la zone d'air secondaire et une brique de brûleur et s'étend dans une sole. Dans la chambre de combustion inférieure gaz-air à double étage ultra-pauvre en azote, l'émission de NO X est efficacement réduite au moyen d'un mode d'organisation de combustion consistant à coupler un dégradé global de gaz et un dégradé local d'air ; et en outre au moyen de la conception de la tête de pulvérisation de gaz de premier étage et de la tête de pulvérisation de gaz de second étage, une combustion stable et fiable est garantie, le champ de température est uniforme, et l'émission de NO X est davantage réduite. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de combustion pour la chambre de combustion.
PCT/CN2022/129935 2022-05-07 2022-11-04 Chambre de combustion inférieure gaz-air à double étage ultra-pauvre en azote et procédé de combustion pour celle-ci WO2023216529A1 (fr)

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CN202210494766.4A CN114923172A (zh) 2022-05-07 2022-05-07 一种燃气空气双分级超低氮底部燃烧器及其燃烧方法
CN202210494766.4 2022-05-07

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CN116379431A (zh) * 2023-03-30 2023-07-04 武汉明正动力工程有限公司 一种四合一低氮燃烧器

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