CN109737402A - 一种高温炉膛用u形火焰低氧化氮燃烧器 - Google Patents
一种高温炉膛用u形火焰低氧化氮燃烧器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109737402A CN109737402A CN201910016155.7A CN201910016155A CN109737402A CN 109737402 A CN109737402 A CN 109737402A CN 201910016155 A CN201910016155 A CN 201910016155A CN 109737402 A CN109737402 A CN 109737402A
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- Prior art keywords
- burner
- gas
- fuel gas
- temperature
- gun
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric oxide Chemical class 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O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 34
- 229910052813 nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous Oxide Chemical class 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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高温炉膛用U形火焰低氧化氮燃烧器，包括燃烧器钢构本体和混合空气与燃料气的火盆砖，其特征在于，所述火盆砖为壁厚不均匀的四方矩形火盆砖；所述燃烧器钢构本体包括配风器、空气通道和燃料气管道，稳焰罩、长明灯；所述燃料气管道包括燃料气集合管、内燃气枪和外燃气枪，所述集合管设计有五根燃料气支管；所述内燃气枪顶部设有一级燃气喷头，所述外燃气枪顶部设有二级燃气喷头。本发明在蒸汽过热炉、乙烯裂解炉等炉膛温度超过1000℃的燃烧环境时，通过抑制炉墙局部高温、分割火焰技术、浓淡燃烧等技术，从而抑制氮氧化物的生成，实现在炉膛温度超过1000℃环境下氮氧化物排放低于80mg/m³。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及石油行业管式加热炉的燃烧与环境保护技术领域，特别涉及一种高温炉膛用U形火焰低氧化氮燃烧器。
背景技术
近年来，随着国家对环境保护的越来越重视，对石化行业的排放要求越来越高。而石化加热炉排放中氮氧化物及硫化物为主要的空气污染排放物，传统的低氮氧化物燃烧器在加热炉炉膛温度800℃以下基本可以满足国家的排放要求。但是，当面对像蒸汽过热炉、乙烯裂解炉等炉膛温度超过1000℃的燃烧环境时，传统的扁平焰燃烧器和附墙焰燃烧器均存在氮氧化物排放超标的问题。因此，研制一种高效燃烧，低污染排放的U形火焰低氮氧化物气体燃烧器来替代传统的扁平焰燃烧器和附墙焰燃烧器，是十分有必要的。
本发明技术，较好地解决了上述技术背景中存在的问题。本燃烧器由于主要采用特殊结构耐火砖结构和特殊形状的燃烧器燃料气枪布置，使加热炉炉膛不出现局部温度过高，并辅助有燃料分级、非当量燃烧等扼制氮氧化物生成的高效燃烧技术措施，大大降低了烟气中氮氧化物排放量，因此是一种环保效果极佳的燃烧器。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对技术背景中所述问题和缺点加以改进、创新，提供一种高温炉膛用U形火焰低氧化氮燃烧器，对蒸汽过热炉、乙烯裂解炉等炉膛温度超过1000℃的燃烧环境时，大幅度降低烟气中氮氧化物污染物排放量，满足国家环境保护要求的需要。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种高温炉膛用U形火焰低氧化氮燃烧器，它包括燃烧器钢构本体和混合空气与燃料气的火盆砖，其特征在于，所述火盆砖为壁厚不均匀的四方矩形火盆砖；所述燃烧器钢构本体包括配风器、空气通道和燃料气管道，所述空气通道包括内筒、外筒，设置在内筒、外筒之间的保温模块，设置在空气通道顶端的稳焰罩、设置在空气通道底部的长明灯；所述燃料气管道包括燃料气集合管、内燃气枪和外燃气枪，所述集合管设计有五根燃料气支管；所述内燃气枪顶部设有一级燃气喷头，所述外燃气枪顶部设有二级燃气喷头。
所述火盆砖靠近炉墙的一面为竖直方形隔温层，其余三面为斜面，其中所述斜面的斜度为10－20°，所述竖直方形隔温层的厚度比所述斜面的厚度厚5－8cm。
本发明的一个较佳实施例中，所述稳焰罩为方形，三面设置了若干个圆形或者方形的通风孔，通风孔成U形排布，通风孔一般为40－60个。
本发明的一个较佳实施例中，所述内燃气枪、外燃气枪为连体设计，一共五组，成U形排布。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有的有益效果：1、内燃气枪、外燃气枪采用连体式设计，一个燃料气进气口进燃料气，一级燃气喷头和二级燃气喷头在同等的压力下进行喷射，确保一级燃气喷头和二级燃气喷头喷射出的燃料气比例为25:75的黄金比例，实现了过浓和过淡燃烧，有效的抑制了氮氧化物的生成。2、一级燃气喷头和二级燃气喷头采用U形布置，靠近炉墙的一面没有设置燃气喷头，使燃烧火焰宽而扁平，扩大了火焰辐射范围，使炉膛温度更加均匀，炉管受热也更均匀，减少炉管因局部高温而结焦。由于U形火焰的布置，两相邻燃烧器之间的空间地带也产生了辐射火焰，解决了传统扁平火焰燃烧器之间热辐射不均匀而导致炉膛温度分布不均匀的问题，大大提高了炉管内介质的热交换效率，从而达到节能减排的效果。3、传统的附墙和扁平火焰在炉温到达1000℃以上的温度时，炉墙温度至少可到达1400℃以上，而此时正是氮氧化物大量生成的温度区域，由于U形火焰的设计，靠近炉墙的一面没有燃烧火焰，大大降低了炉墙的绝对温度，保证炉墙温度与炉膛温度一致，抑制了氮氧化物的生成，从而降低氮氧化物的排放。4、与传统扁平火焰相比，U形火焰燃烧器在火盆砖内三个面均设置有燃气喷头，充分利用了空气通道进入的燃烧空气，大大降低了烟气中的氧含量，达到了节能的效果。5、按照分级燃烧、非当量燃烧的低氮氧化物燃烧原理，內燃气枪上5支一级燃料气喷头担负总燃料流量的25%左右流量，此时燃料气出去氧气过量阶段，燃烧反应为过氧燃烧, 富余的氧气地降低了一次燃烧的火焰的温度，此时形成一层U形火焰；外燃气枪上的5支二级燃料气喷头出的占总燃料流量75%的燃料在火盆砖顶部经一层U形火焰点燃并与之进行混合燃烧,形成二层U形火焰。由于二层U形火焰所处的区域为贫氧区，火焰燃烧速度与火焰温度均下降，这样有效地抑制了燃烧过程中氮氧化物生成量, 在排放的烟气中氮氧化物浓度在60mg/Nm3以下；6、方形稳焰罩中U形通风孔的设置，使助燃空气充分与一级燃料气喷头喷出的U形燃料气充分混合，使燃烧火焰刚直有力，不发飘，不舔炉管，也大大降低了过剩空气，从而达到节能与稳定燃烧火焰的目的。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为图1的俯视图；
图3为图2的A-A视图；
其中，1、火盆砖， 2、外筒，3、内筒，4、配风器，5、长明灯，6、燃料气集合管，6-1、燃料气支管，7、金属软管，8、外燃气枪，9、内燃气枪，10、二级燃料气喷头，11、稳焰罩，11-1、通风孔，12、一级燃料气喷头。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式和附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
如图1－图3所示，本发明一种高温炉膛用U形火焰低氧化氮燃烧器，由烧器钢构本体和混合空气与燃料气的火盆砖1组成，其特征在于，所述火盆砖1为壁厚不均匀的四方矩形火盆砖，火盆砖靠近炉墙的一面设置为竖直方形隔温层，其余三面设置为10-20°的斜面，所述竖直方形隔温层的厚度比所述斜面的厚度厚5－8cm，设置在火盆砖内部的稳焰罩11，所述稳焰罩11设置有若干个U形排列的圆形通风孔11-1，通风孔数量一般为40－60个。所述燃烧器空气通道包括外筒2、内筒3，及设置在内筒、外筒之间的保温模块，所述配风器4设置在燃烧器外筒一侧、设置在空气通道底部的长明灯5；所述燃料气管道包括燃料气集合管6、内燃气枪9和外燃气枪8，设置在燃料气集合管上的燃料气支管6-1，连接集合管支管与燃气枪管的金属软管7。所述内燃气枪9顶部设有一级燃气喷头12，所述外燃气枪8顶部设有二级燃气喷头10。
本发明在使用过程中，助燃空气在加热炉炉膛负压或者鼓风机压力下由配风器4进入燃烧器，经燃烧器空气通道进入火盆砖1内部；燃烧器燃烧用燃料气经燃料气集合管6上的燃料气支管6-1分别进入内燃气枪9和外燃气枪8，通过一级燃料气喷头12喷射出也进入火盆砖1内部，所述燃料气和助燃空气在火盆内部充分混合，经长明灯5点燃后，形成第一层U形火焰。由于一级燃料气喷头所喷射出的燃料气只占燃料气总量的25%-30%，此时助燃空气充足，助燃空气能有效降低火焰中心温度，从而抑制了氮氧化物的生成。所述一层U形火焰沿火盆砖1内侧喷出后，点燃二级燃料气。所述二级燃料气由二级燃料气喷头沿火盆砖1外侧的三个斜面喷射，呈U形，被点燃后形成第二层U形火焰，此时火焰处于助燃空气稀少的贫氧区，属于贫氧燃烧，火焰温度进一步降低，从而达到降低氮氧化物的目的。所述稳焰罩11设置在火盆砖内部，其特殊的U形排布通风孔与U形分布的燃料气枪对应，使火盆砖内部同样形成了一个U形的进风通道，燃料气与助燃空气混合更加充分，助燃空气利用率大大提高，降低了炉膛过剩空气，提高了加热炉的热效率。由于传统的附墙焰和扁平火焰在炉温到达1000℃以上的温度时，炉墙温度至少可到达1400℃以上，而此时正是氮氧化物大量生成的温度区域，由于U形火焰的设计，靠近炉墙的一面没有燃烧火焰，火焰没有对炉墙进行冲刷，从而大大降低了炉墙的绝对温度，保证炉墙温度与炉膛温度一致，抑制了氮氧化物的生成，从而降低氮氧化物的排放。
上列详细说明是针对本发明可行实施例的具体说明，该实施例并非用以限制本发明的专利范围，凡未脱离本发明所为的等效实施或变更，均应包含于本案的专利范围中。
Claims (6)
1.一种高温炉膛用U形火焰低氧化氮燃烧器，包括燃烧器钢构本体和混合空气与燃料气的火盆砖，其特征在于，所述火盆砖为壁厚不均匀的四方矩形火盆砖；所述燃烧器钢构本体包括配风器、空气通道和燃料气管道，所述空气通道包括内筒、外筒，设置在内筒、外筒之间的保温模块，设置在空气通道顶端的稳焰罩、设置在空气通道底部的长明灯；所述燃料气管道包括燃料气集合管、内燃气枪和外燃气枪，所述集合管设计有五根燃料气支管；所述内燃气枪顶部设有一级燃气喷头，所述外燃气枪顶部设有二级燃气喷头。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高温炉膛用U形火焰低氧化氮燃烧器，其特征在于，火盆砖靠近炉墙的一面为竖直方形隔温层，其余三面为斜面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高温炉膛用U形火焰低氧化氮燃烧器，其特征在于，所述斜面的斜度为10－20°，所述竖直方形隔温层的厚度比所述斜面的厚度厚5－8cm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高温炉膛用U形火焰低氧化氮燃烧器，其特征在于，稳焰罩为方形，三面设置了若干个圆形或者方形的通风孔，通风孔成U形排布。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高温炉膛用U形火焰低氧化氮燃烧器，其特征在于，通风孔的数量为40－60个。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高温炉膛用U形火焰低氧化氮燃烧器，其特征在于，所述内燃气枪、外燃气枪为连体设计，一共五组，成U形排布。
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