WO2023213929A1 - Procede d'encodage et de decodage d'un message uwb au moyen d'une modulation generant un decalage temporel des bits de donnees - Google Patents
Procede d'encodage et de decodage d'un message uwb au moyen d'une modulation generant un decalage temporel des bits de donnees Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023213929A1 WO2023213929A1 PCT/EP2023/061772 EP2023061772W WO2023213929A1 WO 2023213929 A1 WO2023213929 A1 WO 2023213929A1 EP 2023061772 W EP2023061772 W EP 2023061772W WO 2023213929 A1 WO2023213929 A1 WO 2023213929A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
Definitions
- the field of the invention relates to the field of information transmission by means of radio signals.
- the field of the invention relates to the field of modulation of UWB signals.
- the field of the invention relates to the field of encoding information to be transmitted by means of UWB signals.
- UWB Ultra Wide Band
- a UWB signal is relatively insensitive to the attenuation phenomenon due to the multiple paths taken by a radio wave. A UWB signal can therefore provide good spatial and temporal resolutions.
- Such transmitter devices can for example be materialized by radio tags and emit signals towards one or more receiving devices, for example materialized by one or more beacons.
- To detect the position of the transmitter it is common to estimate an arrival time of the transmitted signal. This estimation of the arrival time is for example carried out by the implementation of a digital correlator at the receiver, which generates correlation peaks at sampling times of the received signal. The precision of the estimation of the arrival time of the message is then correlated with the location precision of the transmitting device. The estimate of the arrival time of the signal then corresponds to the instant of detection of the first correlation peak whose amplitude exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- a pulse Due to its very short duration, a pulse has very rapid rising and falling edges, which makes it possible to determine, at the level of a device receiving the UWB signal, a very precise arrival time of a pulse. It is also possible to fairly clearly distinguish the shortest path from the other paths taken by the radio wave. All this contributes to optimizing an estimate of the geographical position of a device emitting a UWB signal from the time of arrival of said signal.
- a direct sequence spread spectrum modulation method (better known by the acronym DSSS in the Anglo-Saxon literature).
- DSSS direct sequence spread spectrum modulation
- a data message is encoded as a sequence of bits and each bit is modulated with a pseudo-random code.
- the transmitted message is then decoded at the receiver by sampling the received signal and implementing correlation calculations from the received signal and in relation to a reference signal.
- the precision of the estimation of the message arrival time depends on the sampling frequency of the received signal: the higher the latter, the better the estimation of the message arrival time.
- a disadvantage of this method is that increasing the sampling frequency to improve the arrival time estimation generates significant costs; whether from a hardware point of view, or from a point of view of the energy consumption of the system. Furthermore, such a method is no longer advantageous when the Nyquist frequency is reached.
- each binary sequence is composed of binary symbols that can take two states: a first state and a second state.
- the second state corresponds for example to the opposite state of the first state.
- the first state is materialized by the value “1”
- the second state is materialized by the value “-1”, corresponding respectively to the presence or absence of a pulse.
- An objective of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a method of encoding and decoding a UWB message allowing more precise localization, with an improved range, and requiring low energy consumption. .
- the invention relates to a computer-implemented method for encoding at least one data message intended to be transmitted by a UWB transmitter to a UWB receiver, the method comprising:
- each data segment encoding at least one useful data value by means of a second pseudo-random code and from: o the time reference, o a position of the data segment in the sequence ; o an autocorrelation peak of the second pseudo-random code.
- An advantage is to improve the accuracy of calculating the arrival time of the data message. Another advantage is to reduce the energy consumption of a UWB tracking system. Another advantage is to improve the location accuracy of a transmitter device.
- each data segment comprises a set of bits, the method comprising a temporal sliding operation of a subset of bits encoding the useful data value of at least one data segment of the sequence of data segments for positioning said subset of bits in the first position in the data segment.
- An advantage is to move the position of an autocorrelation peak of the data message to improve the decoding of useful data from said data message.
- each bit of the first replacement pseudorandom code is replaced by a second replacement pseudorandom code.
- the initial pseudo-random code comprises a first Barker sequence and the first replacement pseudo-random code comprises a second Barker sequence.
- the second replacement pseudo-random code comprises a third Barker sequence.
- the first Barker sequence, the second Barker sequence and the third Barker sequence are the same Barker sequence. According to one variant, these are different Barker sequences. For example, these are Barker sequences of different sizes.
- An advantage is to encode the data with shorter sequences while maintaining a minimum autocorrelation value.
- the method comprises the generation of a plurality of second pseudo-random codes from the initial pseudo-random code by successively applying time shifts of a predefined number of bits to the initial pseudo-random code and in which the generation of the set of segments is carried out from the plurality of second pseudo-random codes.
- An advantage is to obtain a minimum autocorrelation value while simplifying the decoding of the transmitted data.
- Another advantage is to optimize the orthogonality of the data codes between them.
- the first pseudo-random code has a number of bits greater than the number of bits of the second pseudo-random code.
- the invention relates to a computer-implemented method for locating a transmitter comprising encoding the data message according to the first aspect of the invention, the method comprising receiving a plurality of data messages by a plurality of UWB beacons, each beacon comprising a clock, said reception comprising:
- the invention relates to a computer-implemented method of decoding at least one data message encoded by the method according to the first aspect of the invention and transmitted by a UWB transmitter comprising:
- the application of the second autocorrelation function comprises the implementation of a sliding operation time of at least one bit of at least one data segment of the sequence of data segments of the second pseudo-random code.
- the invention relates to a UWB transmitter comprising a calculator configured to implement the steps of the encoding process.
- the invention relates to a UWB receiver comprising a calculator configured to implement the steps of the decoding process.
- the invention relates to a system for encoding and decoding at least one data message comprising a UWB transmitter.
- the invention relates to a system for encoding and decoding at least one data message comprising a UWB transmitter and a plurality of UWB beacons each comprising:
- ⁇ Fig.1 An example in which a data message includes a header and a set of segments comprising payload data.
- ⁇ Fig.2 The transmission of data messages from a UWB transmitter device to a receiver device.
- ⁇ Fig.3 A header and a data segment encoded by two pseudo-random codes of different lengths.
- ⁇ Fig.4 An example in which a first data message includes the header and a second data message includes several data segments
- ⁇ Fig.5 An example in which a first data message includes the header and each subsequent data message includes a segment.
- ⁇ Fig.6 an example in which the header is encoded by a superposition of several Barker sequences.
- Radio signal means an electromagnetic wave propagating by non-wire means and whose frequencies are between a few kilohertz and up to several hundred gigahertz.
- a “first MESi data message” means a sequence of bits transmitted by means of a modulated signal transmitted in the UWB (Ultra-Wide Band).
- Tsync which will for example be used as a reference to calculate one or more autocorrelation peak(s) of the following segments received.
- - Pseudo-random codes include a set of bits. We designate subsets of bits to refer to a part of these sets. Operations can be applied to these sets or subsets, such as time-sliding operations to move a subset of bits to a different position in a data segment Sn.
- a position of a bit in a data segment Sn means a temporal position of said data bit.
- first position in a data segment we are referring to the bit that is read and decoded first by the receiver.
- this subset of bits starts in the first position in the data segment Sn and will be decoded first by the receiver.
- the first pseudo-random replacement codes may themselves include pseudo-random replacement codes, which are referred to as “second pseudo-random replacement codes”. This makes it possible to create “layered” codes (one or more bits pseudo-random codes are replaced by other pseudo-random codes). This advantageously makes it possible to artificially create larger codes.
- pseudo-random replacement codes make it possible, for example, to form the first pseudo-random code PNi and/or one or more second pseudo-random codes PN2.
- UWB transmitter device which transmits a signal in the direction of a receiver device.
- UWB transmitter includes for example a radio tag (also called a radio marker).
- the transmitter is for example positioned on a particular object whose position we wish to determine precisely in a particular environment, for example in a closed warehouse.
- the UWB transmitter can also be affixed to a moving object passing in sufficient proximity to a receiving device so that the signal emitted by said transmitter is picked up by the receiver.
- the UWB transmitter can be electrically passive; that is to say, it only works when it is supplied with energy by remote equipment via a wireless link, for example a UHF source.
- the UWB transmitter can also be electrically active, that is to say it is physically and constantly connected to an energy supply source; for example a battery.
- the UWB transmitter comprises transmission means for transmitting UWB radio signals towards a receiving device.
- the transmission means include for example an antenna, a processor, a local oscillator, analog and/or digital filters and a power amplifier.
- the receiving device comprises receiving means for receiving the radio signals coming from the UWB transmitter.
- Such means include for example, and without limitation, an antenna, a demodulator, one or more correlators, an analog/digital converter, an amplifier, a processor, a local oscillator. It is in no way excluded that the invention applies to different implementations, since a message is encoded and transmitted from a transmitter device to a receiver device.
- the invention relates to a method of encoding at least one data message MESi .MESn.
- MESi data message
- MESn data message MESn
- header HEAD a sequence of bits of the first encoded data message MES1 comprising a time reference Tsync.
- the data messages MESi ... MESn include:
- MES2 encodes all the useful data (DATA1... DATAn) .
- each data message encodes a useful data segment (DATA1... DATAn). More generally, a MESi .MESn data message may include all or part of the message to be transmitted and encoded in the HEAD header and the n-segments.
- At least one data message MESi. MESn is transmitted in an “all or nothing” mode, also referred to in the Anglo-Saxon literature by the term “On-Off Keying” or even “OOK”.
- the “0”s of the pseudo-random codes PNi and PN2 are not transmitted.
- At least one data message MESi. MESn is transmitted using a modulation called “BPSK” or “Binary Phase Shift Keying.
- BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
- the binary information to be transmitted via the MESn data message is conveyed by a reference signal, also designated by the term “carrier” in the scientific literature.
- the encoding of at least one MESi message. MESn includes the generation of the HEAD header.
- the transmitted HEAD header bit sequence may include one or more bit sequences, which may be of the same length or of different lengths. It can also include several concatenated sequences of bits of the same length. So-called “stuffing” bits can be integrated into the sequence in the case where the useful data transmitted is not a multiple of the length of a sequence of bits. So-called “parity” and “imperity” bits can also be integrated into the sequence to detect a transmission error at a transmitting device.
- the HEAD header is transmitted to the receiver upstream of the transmission of a plurality of segments Sn in which it is desired to determine an autocorrelation function.
- This autocorrelation function is for example determined from a time reference Tsync defined by a time position in the bit sequence of the HEAD header.
- a particular interest of the HEAD header lies in the generation of a reference time marker, to establish the start of a sequence comprising the useful data to be decoded by the receiver.
- the HEAD header aims to establish a demarcation between the time reference Tsync and one or more sequences of data bits comprising useful data DATAi ... DATAn.
- useful data we mean data defining a message, or information to be transmitted within an encoded MESi ... MESn data message. This is for example an identifier of the transmitting device or even location data.
- Another advantage of the HEAD header is to serve as a reference point for measuring the arrival time of a data message MESi...MESn.
- the reception, reading and decoding by the receiver of the message encoding the HEAD header result in the generation of the reference time marker Tsync.
- Such a marker defines a time reference to determine the arrival time at the receiver of one or more data messages MESi ... MESn.
- the HEAD header is encoded by a first pseudo-random code PNi.
- PNi pseudo-random code
- the first pseudo-random code PNi is known to the transmitter device and/or the receiver device.
- the first pseudo-random code PNi comprises a binary sequence of n-sequence type.
- PNi comprises a binary sequence of n-sequence type.
- sequences to encode the HEAD header such as one of the following sequences: a Kasami sequence or even a Hadamard-Walsh sequence.
- the size of the first pseudorandom code PNi takes any value in number of bits Nb from the following list of values: [2 1 , 2 2 , 2 3 , 2 4 , 2 5 , 2 6 , 2 7 , 2 8 , 2 9 , 2 10 , 2 11 , 2 12 ].
- Nb possible sequence possibilities for the first pseudo-random code PNi.
- the choice of a particular value among the aforementioned values makes it possible to optimize the arrival time of the first data message MESi at the receiver. This makes it possible to improve the location accuracy of the transmitting device.
- the first pseudorandom code PNi comprises a Barker code.
- a “Barker code” or a "Barker sequence” equivalently to refer to a finite sequence of N values. Each value can be either +1 or -1, with an ideal autocorrelation property such that off-peak (non-cyclical) autocorrelation coefficients are as small as possible.
- Barker sequence three to refer to a Barker sequence of length equal to three bits
- Barker sequence seven to refer to a Barker sequence of length equal to seven bits
- a Barker sequence eleven to refer to a Barker sequence of length equal to eleven bits
- the first pseudo-random code PNi comprises a Barker eleven sequence. This is for example the following sequence: [+1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 ], In alternative embodiments, the first pseudo-random code PNi comprises a sequence of Barker two, three, seven or eleven.
- the Barker sequence two is for example the following sequence: [+1 -1].
- the Barker sequence three is for example the following sequence: [+1 +1 -1].
- the Barker sequence seven is for example the following sequence: [+1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1].
- An advantage is to obtain a minimum autocorrelation value from a minimum sequence of data bits.
- the first pseudo-random code PNi is generated from an initial pseudo-random code.
- the HEAD header is encoded by several first superimposed pseudo-random codes PNi.
- PNi pseudo-random codes
- “superimposed” we mean that at least one bit of a code is replaced by another code.
- the codes replacing each bit are referred to as “internal” codes.
- Code in which at least one bit is replaced by another code is referred to as an “external” code.
- the codes thus superimposed form “layers” of codes.
- the “internal” and “external” codes are for example identical codes, inverse codes or even different codes, it can also be a combination of these examples. These are, for example, Barker sequences of the same size or of different sizes. For example, a bit with the value “1” of an external code can be replaced by a Barker code of a given length and a bit with the value “-
- Figure 6 illustrates an example case of this mode in which the HEAD header is encoded by a plurality of superimposed Barker sequences.
- Barker seven sequences and Barker eleven sequences are Barker seven sequences and Barker eleven sequences.
- the outer code forming the upper layer is a Barker seven sequence.
- the example described above is not limiting. It is also possible to use Barker sequences of different sizes for the “internal” and “external” codes forming the HEAD header.
- the external code can for example comprise a Barker eleven sequence and the two internal codes can for example comprise two Barker eleven sequences.
- One advantage is to reduce the autocorrelation phenomenon, while limiting the energy consumption of the system and while maintaining good transmitter location accuracy.
- Another advantage is to achieve higher performance compared to using a standard PN code while using a reduced code size.
- Another advantage is to implement a delay between header decoding and data decoding. Another advantage is to obtain a signal with good noise resistance. Another advantage is to round the code to an even number of bits. Another advantage is to obtain a low autocorrelation threshold while optimizing the energy consumption of the system. Another advantage is to define a reliable benchmark to decode useful data. Another advantage is to define a time of arrival marker for the localization system. Indeed, a longer code makes it possible to obtain a better signal-to-noise ratio, and improves the estimation of the arrival time. Useful data
- At least one data message MESi .MESn comprises a data segment Sn.
- data segment Sn we mean a sequence of data bits. Each data segment Sn is for example positioned following the HEAD header in a data message MESi ... MESn. Each data segment Sn includes for example useful data values DATAi. DATAn.
- the useful data values DATAi... DATAn include for example information to be transmitted to the receiver, such as identification information of the transmitter. This is for example one or more symbols of an identifier of the transmitter.
- DATAi .DATAn payload values may also include location data.
- Each useful data item is for example encoded on a given sequence of bits of a given segment Sn of a second pseudo-random code PN 2 .
- An autocorrelation function is for example implemented for each segment Sn of the data message MESi .MESn, so as to determine the position and the value of each bit comprising the useful data DATAi ... DATAn.
- This implementation is particularly advantageous when each segment Sn is encoded by the same second pseudo-random code PN 2 .
- determining the position of each peak on which the autocorrelations are carried out makes it possible to determine the values of the bits, and therefore to decode all of the useful data transmitted within the first data message MESi.
- MESn comprise each of the symbols of an identifier of the UWB transmitter.
- the decoding of all the segments of the MESi data message at the receiver makes it possible to reconstruct an identifier of the transmitting device.
- the useful data values DATAi... DATAn include information on the position of the transmitter. This is for example made possible when the transmitter includes a communication interface and a memory.
- the transmitter for example, receives information about its location from a third-party device, such as a GPS system. It may also be a UWB beacon system having reconstructed the position of the transmitter by implementing position calculations by trilateration.
- the useful data values DATAi. DATAn includes timestamp data. This involves, for example, timestamp data of the instant of transmission of the MESi data message by the transmitter.
- the transmitter includes, for example, an integrated clock and a memory for storing data.
- the useful data values DATAi. DATAn are encoded from a predefined time marker relative to the Tsync time reference.
- the time marker is for example positioned at the level of an autocorrelation peak of the second pseudorandom code PN 2 .
- the useful data values DATAi. DATAn are encoded by a second pseudo-random code PN2.
- PN2 pseudo-random code
- the size of the second pseudorandom code PN2 takes any value in number of bits Nb from the following list of values: [2 1 , 2 2 , 2 3 , 2 4 , 2 5 , 2 6 , 2 7 , 2 8 , 2 9 , 2 10 , 2 11 , 2 12 ]. Therefore, there are Nb possible sequences for the second pseudo-random code PN2.
- the code size chosen for the second pseudo-random code PN2 depends on the size of the first pseudo-random code PN1, which is for example longer, so as to optimize the transmission of data and the detection of the arrival time of a data message MES1...MESn.
- the code size chosen for the second pseudo-random code PN2 depends on the size of the first pseudo-random code PN1, which is for example longer, so as to optimize the transmission of data and the detection of the arrival time of a data message MES1...MESn.
- the second pseudo-random code PN2 encoding the useful data DATA1... DATAn comprises a Barker sequence.
- This is for example a sequence of Barker two, a sequence of Barker three, a sequence of Barker seven or a sequence of Barker eleven.
- the Barker sequence two is for example the following sequence: [+1 -1].
- the Barker sequence three is for example the following sequence: [+1 +1 -1].
- the Barker sequence seven is for example the following sequence: [+1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 ].
- At least one data message MESi...MESn is encoded by a superposition of a plurality of second pseudo-random codes PN2.
- the codes are “superimposed” by the fact that at least one bit of a code is replaced by another code.
- the codes replacing each bit are referred to as “internal” codes.
- Code for which at least one bit is replaced by another code is referred to as an “external” code.
- the codes thus superimposed form “layers” of codes.
- the “internal” and “external” codes are for example identical codes, inverse codes or even different codes. It can also be a combination of these examples. These are, for example, Barker sequences of the same size or of different sizes.
- pseudo-random codes of length 127 bits.
- it is a superposition of Barker sequences.
- the data message MESi...MESn is encoded by a superposition of two Barker eleven sequences.
- the code is extended by 7 bits of value 0, to obtain a final code of 128 bits.
- At least one data message MESi...MESn is encoded on 30 sequences of 4 data bits.
- the data message MES1...MESn carries 120 data bits.
- At least one data message MESi .MESn is encoded by 40 second pseudo-random codes PN2 each comprising a Barker sequence.
- Each Barker sequence carries for example 4 bits of data.
- the data message MESi .MESn carries 160 data bits.
- the data bits carried by at least one data message MESi...MESn include bits of error correction. These error correction bits correspond for example to half of the data bits carried by the data message MESi...MESn.
- the UWB pulses are for example transmitted by the UWB transmitter every 2 nanoseconds and with a latency of 40 nanoseconds between two pulses, i.e. a rate of 25Mbytes/second.
- One advantage is implementing significant error correction settings that enable more robust communication between transmitting and receiving equipment under difficult conditions, such as interference-prone communication conditions.
- the useful data values DATAi ... DATAn are encoded by a second pseudo-random code PN2 shorter than the first pseudo-random code PN1.
- shorter code is meant that the second pseudo-random code PN2 comprising a number of bits Nb less than the number of bits Nb of the first pseudo-random code PN1.
- An advantage of using a short pseudo-random code is to reduce the transmission duration at the transmitting device. Therefore, noise is advantageously reduced for the overall system. Indeed, considering a case where the system includes a plurality of transmitters, two messages transmitted at random times by two transmitter devices have a lower probability of being transmitted at the same time if the transmission time of one of the messages is shorter. An advantage is to reduce the risk of interference. Another advantage is to reduce the complexity of the calculations carried out at the level of the correlators of the receiving device, and therefore to reduce the energy consumption of the system. Another advantage is to occupy the radio channel for a shorter period of time.
- the useful data DATA1... DATAn are encoded with a time delay relative to the time reference Tsync-
- a time marker T1 is associated with a portion of a data segment Sn comprising the useful data DATA1...DATAn.
- This time marker corresponds for example to the moment when the useful data DATA1... DATAn begins to be decoded by the receiver.
- the time reference corresponds to the end instant of decoding of at least part of the useful data DATA1... DATAn.
- the time marker T1 is for example positioned so as to demarcate the end of a first segment Sn and the start of a second following segment Sn+i. This mode of the invention is not limited to the aforementioned example cases.
- the time marker Ti can be positioned at any position of a data message MESi...MESn to mark a given portion of said message.
- the decoding of a data message MESi .MESn by the receiver results in the automatic generation of a plurality of time markers Ti...Tn.
- a first time marker Ti is generated at the following the decoding of the first segment Si by the receiver
- a second time marker T2 can be generated following the decoding of the second segment S2 by the receiver, and so on until the decoding of all the segments Sn of the first data message MES1.
- Each time marker Ti ...T n is for example defined in relation to the time reference Tsync defined following decoding of the HEAD header, or even in relation to a time reference Tn-1 defined following decoding from a previous segment.
- At least one data message MESi...MESn comprises a plurality of segments Sn which are all encoded by an identical pseudo-random code. This is for example the second pseudo-random code PN2.
- PN2 the second pseudo-random code
- an autocorrelation peak is reached when the correlation value exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- a sufficiently high threshold is for example chosen to avoid detecting a “false” autocorrelation peak.
- a sufficiently low threshold to avoid missing the autocorrelation peak (for example in the case where the message transmitted by the transmitter is disturbed by interference during its journey to the receiver, and that the maximum correlation value is therefore not reached.)
- the receiver detects the code received with the highest correlation value at the precise time of message arrival. This correlation value depends in particular on the distance from the HEAD header.
- Another advantage is to optimize the arrival time of data messages to the receiver.
- the receiver is used a posteriori to determine a position of the transmitter, for example when the receiver includes a UWB beacon implementing calculations to reconstruct the position of the transmitter device by trilateration with other beacons, better precision on the position of the transmitter is advantageously obtained.
- the encoding of each segment Sn by the second pseudo-random code PN2 comprises the encoding of at least one symbol by said second pseudo-random code PN2.
- Each symbol is for example encoded on one bit of each segment Sn.
- a plurality of symbols is encoded on a plurality of bits of each segment Sn.
- the useful data values DATAi .DATAn include for example all the symbols of each segment Sn.
- the encoded symbols define the message to be transmitted to the receiver, and the decoding of the data message makes it possible to decode the bits comprising said symbols which materialize for example an identifier of the transmitter.
- the generation of a given number of first or second pseudo-random codes PN1, PN2 to encode the data comprises the generation of the inverse codes of each first or second pseudo-random codes PN1, PN2 generated.
- An advantage is to double the number of possible autocorrelation values.
- the encoded symbols form a corrective code.
- This is for example a code from Reed Solomon.
- Such a code is for example encoded on 8 bits in a data message MESi .MESn.
- the Reed Solomon code formed is for example a reduced Reed Solomon code RS (28.14).
- At least one data message MESi...MESn is protected by an error detection code.
- the error detection code is for example an error detection code by control cyclic redundancy (CRC). This is for example an 8bit CRC error detection code.
- CRC control cyclic redundancy
- the error detection code is for example positioned upstream of the data message MESi...MESn.
- An advantage is being able to detect unintentional data changes in transmitted data messages, for example due to interference or faults of the transmitter or receiver.
- all MESi...MESn data messages are protected by an error correction code.
- the error correction code comprises for example a concatenated error correction code, for example a Reed-Solomon code. This is for example a Reed-Solomon code RS (28.14) with a generating polynomial equal to 1 + X 2 + X 3 + X 4 + X 8 .
- At least one data message MESi...MESn is protected by a plurality of Reed-Solomon codes. These are for example two Reed-Solomon codes RS(15,2) with a generating polynomial equal to X 4 +X+1 on GF(4).
- An advantage is being able to reconstruct the data message at the receiver following transmission errors.
- the method includes implementing spectrum spreading.
- it is a direct sequence spread spectrum, also referred to by the acronym DSSS.
- DSSS direct sequence spread spectrum
- FHSS frequency hopping spread spectrum
- An advantage is to make the transmitted UWB signals more resistant to jamming and interference.
- Another advantage is to increase the resistance of the signal to fading, also referred to by the term “fading” in the Anglo-Saxon literature.
- Another advantage is being able to hide the signal by increasing its resemblance to random noise.
- Another advantage is to make the signal more difficult to intercept.
- the method includes a punctuation step.
- the punctuation step includes for example the deletion of one or more parity bits in a sequence of bits of one or more given segment(s). This step is for example implemented after the encoding of a data message MESi...MESn with an error correction code.
- the first pseudo-random code PNi and/or the second pseudo-random code PN2 comprise a first Barker sequence and at least one data bit of said first Barker sequence is replaced by a second Barker sequence .
- the first and second Barker sequences are, for example, identical in length. They can also be of different lengths, for example a Barker eleven sequence and a Barker seven sequence.
- the second pseudo-random code PN2 is generated from an initial pseudo-random code.
- the first pseudo-random code PN1 and the second pseudo-random code PN2 are generated from the same initial pseudo-random code. In one variant, they are generated from different initial pseudo-random codes.
- a plurality of second pseudo-random codes PN2 are generated from the same initial pseudo-random code on which successive shifts of at least one data bit are implemented.
- successive shifts of at least one data bit we mean that the shift of at least one data bit makes it possible to generate a first second pseudo-random code PN2.
- a shift of at least one data bit on the first second pseudo-random code PN2 makes it possible to generate a second second pseudo-random code PN2. This operation can be repeated as many times as necessary to obtain the desired number of second pseudo-random codes.
- a plurality of second pseudo-random codes is used to encode the useful data, said second pseudo-random codes being chosen so as to optimize the orthogonalization of the data codes between them.
- the first pseudo-random code and/or the second pseudo-random code comprise a first sequence of Barker and at least one data bit of said first Barker sequence is replaced by an artificial code comprising a second Barker sequence.
- At least a second pseudo-random code PN 2 is constructed so as to associate with at least one useful data value DATAi .DATAn, a circular offset of said second pseudo-random code PN2.
- circular shift we mean a temporal shift of a sequence of data bits. To illustrate this mode, a detailed example of implementation of the invention is described below.
- the first data message MES1 is encoded and the encoding of said message MES1 includes the generation of the HEAD header.
- the Tsync time reference is defined on the 1024th bit of the HEAD header, to mark the start of the transmitted message including the useful data (the start of the first segment Si).
- the encoding of the first data message MES1 includes the generation of 15 Sn segments.
- Each segment is encoded by the second pseudo-random code PN2 (15 times the same code to encode the 15 segments).
- There are 256 possible positions for encoding the useful data DATA1 in the first segment Si (due to the 256 possibilities of 1-bit shift for the second pseudo-random code PN2).
- a symbol is encoded from the 52nd position of the first segment Si, and corresponds to the useful data DATA1.
- a temporal sliding operation of the data bits of the second pseudo-random code PN2 is implemented, so as to shift the code in the 52nd position (which includes the useful data) to the first position of the first segment Si. In this way, the autocorrelation peak is advantageously shifted to the first position of the first segment Si.
- the data message MES1 generated by the UWB transmitter is then transmitted to a UWB receiver which will receive, store and decode said data message MES1.
- a first step upon receiving the MES1 data message is storing and reading the HEAD header. Reading the HEAD header and determining a first function autocorrelation of the first pseudo-random code PNi make it possible to determine the time reference from which the message comprising the useful data DATAi begins.
- a second step upon receipt of the data message MESi is the reception and storage of the 2 8 possible data codes for the first segment Si.
- the receiver includes two correlators.
- the decoding of the useful data DATAi included by the data message MESi corresponds to the calculation of an autocorrelation function by one of the correlators.
- Several data messages MESi ... MESn are transmitted continuously by the UWB transmitter towards the receiver.
- the arrival time of a message MESi ... MESn corresponds to the moment when the autocorrelation function is calculated by the correlator decoding said message MESn.
- a second message MES2 is sent from the UWB transmitter to the receiver.
- the second correlator stores the second message MES2 while the first message MESi is decoded by the first correlator. In this way, the data messages are advantageously decoded continuously.
- the first MESi data message when a third MES3 data message is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver, the first MESi data message will have been decoded and said third MES3 data message can be read and stored by the first correlator while the second data message MES2 is decoded by the second correlator.
- This process can be implemented on an ongoing basis.
- the energy consumption of the system is optimized by the continuous implementation of the transmission, reception and decoding stages of all MESn data messages.
- a header of a different size such as a 256-bit, 512-bit, 2048-bit header, etc.
- PN2 a circular shift of the data bits of the second pseudo-random code PN2 by more than 1 bit in the context of the invention.
- the code is 128 bits long and circular shifts of 8 bits are made. In this case, it is possible to perform 16 different circular shifts of data bits.
- An advantage of such an implementation is to ensure additional temporal security on the detection of autocorrelation peaks in the data segments (Sn), and consequently to ensure not to miss the useful data during the decoding of data messages by the receiver.
- the receiver can also include a number of correlators different from the number of two correlators described in the example, for example 3, 4, 5, 6 up to 256 correlators depending on the use cases.
- An advantage of using 256 correlators is to be sure to detect the autocorrelation peak of a given segment of the MES1 data message. Indeed, in the case where the data segment comprises 256 bits and the useful data DATA1 is encoded on a byte of said segment, at least one of the 256 correlators will detect a maximum which corresponds to the autocorrelation peak and therefore to the decoding of the useful data DATA1.
- Another advantage of implementing 256 correlators is having a second accurate measurement of the arrival time of the first MES1 data message. Indeed, in this case, the arrival time of the data message MES1 corresponds to the duration between the transmission of the first data message MES1 by the UWB transmitter and the determination of the autocorrelation peak by one of the correlators of the UWB receiver.
- At least a first pseudo-random code PN1 or at least a second pseudo-random code PN2 is formed to starting from the same initial pseudo-random code on which a circular time shift of a given number of bits Nb is implemented.
- the code is folded on itself in a circular manner following the time shift to generate a code of the same length as the initial code.
- eight different codes of the same length can be constructed on the basis of the same initial Barker sequence, by implementing eight circular time shifts of different data bits. It is possible to obtain 16 different codes from these eight offsets, by generating the inverse codes of each of the codes obtained. An advantage is to obtain 16 possible correlation values.
- At least a first or second pseudo-random code PNi, PN2 is formed by a circular time shift of 8 bits from an initial pseudo-random code.
- Other codes are for example formed from the initial pseudo-random code by a circular time shift of two times 8 bits for the second code, three times 8 bits for the third code and so on until obtaining the number of desired codes.
- One advantage is to optimize the orthogonalization of data messages between them.
- An advantage is to allow optimized decoding of data messages which all come from the same initial code.
- Another advantage is to obtain a minimum autocorrelation value by performing a time shift of a minimum number of data bits.
- the time reference Tsync used to determine the autocorrelation function of a segment Sn of a data message MES1... MESn corresponds to a time marker of the start of a segment preceding Sn-x.
- An advantage is to be able to use pseudo-random codes PN1 and PN2 of substantially similar size for the HEAD header and for the different segments Sn of the data message MESi...MESn.
- the time reference Tsync can change upon reception of each new segment Sn.
- a HEAD header of reduced size which will for example only be implemented to determine the reference temporal Tsync allowing the autocorrelation function of the first segment Si received to be calculated.
- the use of a first pseudo-random code PNi of a size similar to the second pseudo-random code PN2 makes it possible to reduce the total size of the transmitted data message. Therefore, the energy consumption of the transmitter and receiver is reduced.
- the application of the second autocorrelation function comprises the generation of a circular shift of at least one second pseudo-random code in order to generate a plurality of autocorrelation products.
- the circular shift of the second pseudo-random code is carried out for a 1 data bit.
- At least one data message MESi .MESn is encoded by an “artificial” code.
- artificial code we mean a code comprising a number Nb of bits and for which at least one bit of the code corresponds to another data code.
- the data codes encoded by each bit of the data message MESi .MESn are for example of the same size as the data message MES1 ... MESn. they can also be of different sizes depending on the use cases.
- At least one bit of a data message MESi...MESn encoded by a second pseudo-random code PN2 comprising a Barker sequence is replaced by an artificial code.
- an external code includes a Barker sequence
- the data bits equal to 1 can be replaced by another Barker sequence.
- the value “1” of the data bit corresponds to the code encoded on 3 bits and the value “0” of the data bit to its inverse code.
- a so-called “artificial” code is created, which advantageously makes it possible to obtain a good correlation peak of the first transmitted MES1 message.
- an “artificial” correlation amplifier is advantageously created.
- the method comprises the generation of an artificial code from a pseudo-random code, said artificial code comprising a first data code comprising a predefined number of bits, at least one of the bits of said artificial code being encoded by another data code or by a code inverse to said data code.
- the invention relates to a system comprising a UWB EM U transmitter and a UWB RECu receiver.
- the elements of the system are configured to implement the method of the invention according to any of its embodiments.
- the EM U transmitter is for example positioned on a particular object whose position we wish to determine precisely in a particular environment, for example a closed warehouse.
- the EM U transmitter can also be affixed to a moving object passing in sufficient proximity to a receiving device so that the signal emitted by said transmitter is picked up by the receiver.
- the EM U transmitter is for example electrically passive; that is to say, it only works when it is supplied with energy by remote equipment via a wireless link, for example a UHF source.
- the EM U transmitter is electrically active, that is to say it is physically and constantly connected to an energy supply source; for example a battery.
- the EM U transmitter comprises means for transmitting UWB radio signals towards a receiving device.
- Such means include for example, and without limitation, an antenna, a processor, a local oscillator, analog and/or digital filters or even a power amplifier, etc.
- the radio signals transmitted by the transmitter EM U include for example a plurality of data messages MESi...MESn.
- the RECu receiver includes means allowing it to receive radio electrical signals coming from the UWB transmitter.
- Such means include for example, and without limitation, an antenna, a demodulator, a correiator, an analog/digital converter, an amplifier, a processor, a local oscillator, etc.
- the receiver RECu comprises for example a processing circuit, comprising one or more processors and storage means (for example example an electronic memory) in which a computer program product is stored, in the form of a set of program code instructions to be executed to implement the different stages of the process for estimating the instant of arrival of a data message MESi ... MESn.
- the processing circuit comprises one or more programmable logic circuits (FPGA, PLD, etc.), and/or one or more specialized integrated circuits (ASIC), and/or a set of discrete electronic components, etc. , adapted to implement all or part of said steps of the method to decode a data message MESi...MESn.
- the communication links allowing the transmitter EM U and the receiver RECu to communicate with each other are non-wired communication links.
- the communication links between the transmitter EM U and the receiver RECu are wired communication links.
- the receiver RECu comprises at least two correlators.
- Each correlator is configured to receive and decode the data messages MESi...MESn transmitted by the transmitter EM U.
- decode is meant the calculation of an autocorrelation function of the pseudo-random codes encoding the transmitted MESi ... MESn data messages.
- the correlators are configured to alternately store and decode the data messages MESi...MESn transmitted by the transmitter EM U.
- the data messages MESi...MESn transmitted by the transmitter EMu are of the same size, for example 8 bits.
- the storage and decoding time of each data message by the correlators is approximately equal. This allows the system to operate continuously.
- the energy consumption of the system is reduced (since the transmitter does not operate continuously “in a vacuum”). Indeed, the messages transmitted by the transmitter are instantly received and decoded by the receiver. Another advantage is to optimize the use of the radio channel.
- the invention relates to a system comprising a UWB transmitter configured to implement any one of the steps of the method according to the invention and a plurality of UWB receivers.
- the plurality of UWB receivers implemented is for example a plurality of UWB beacons.
- the implementation of a system comprising three beacons advantageously makes it possible to reconstruct the position of the transmitter along two axes x and y (in two directions) by implementing position calculations by trilateration.
- the implementation of a fourth beacon in the system advantageously makes it possible to reconstruct the position of the transmitter by trilateration with increased precision, by introducing position data of the transmitter along a vertical axis.
- the EM U transmitter or the RECu receiver include for example a calculation module.
- This calculation module comprises, for example, one or more processors capable of interpreting instructions in the form of a computer program, a programmable logic circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an array of in situ programmable gates (FPGA ), a programmable logic device (PLD) and programmable logic arrays (PLA), a system on chip (SOC)), an electronic card in which steps of the method according to the invention are implemented in hardware elements.
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- FPGA array of in situ programmable gates
- PLD programmable logic device
- PLA programmable logic arrays
- SOC system on chip
- the processing can be executed by a processor, or simultaneously or sequentially, or according to another method, by one or more processors.
- the calculation module includes a data processing module for performing calculations and a memory, operationally coupled to the data processing circuit.
- the EM U transmitter or RECu receiver also includes an input device, an output device and a communication device.
- Each function is performed by causing the data processing module to read a predetermined program from hardware such as memory such that the data processing module performs calculations, controls communications carried out by the communications device and reads and/or write data to the memory and computer-readable medium.
- the transmitter EM U comprises for example a processing circuit comprising one or more processors and storage means (for example example an electronic memory) in which a computer program product is stored, in the form of a set of program code instructions to be executed to implement the different steps for encoding a data message MESi ... MESn .
- the memory is a computer-readable recording medium, and can be configured with, for example, at least one of the following elements: a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable read-only memory and programmable (EPROM, from English Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), a programmable and electrically erasable read-only memory (ÉEPROM, from English Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), a random access memory (RAM, from English Random Access Memory) and/or other suitable storage media.
- ROM read-only memory
- EPROM erasable read-only memory and programmable
- EUEPROM programmable and electrically erasable read-only memory
- RAM random access memory
- the memory can include an operating system and load the programs according to the invention. It includes registers suitable for recording parameter variables created and modified during the execution of the aforementioned programs.
- the program product may include a computer-readable recording medium which is a tangible device, not being a transient signal in itself such as, for example, but not limited to a smart card, a flash memory device, a base data, a server, or other suitable storage medium.
- a computer-readable recording medium which is a tangible device, not being a transient signal in itself such as, for example, but not limited to a smart card, a flash memory device, a base data, a server, or other suitable storage medium.
- program instructions are taken from an external source and downloaded over a network.
- the computer program product comprises a computer-readable data carrier on which the program instructions are stored or a data carrier signal on which the program instructions are encoded.
- the invention also relates to a computer program product comprising the computer readable medium containing instructions which, when executed by the circuit, cause the EMu transmitter to implement the steps of the encoding method of 'at least one data message MESi...MESn of the invention.
- the form of the program instructions is, for example, a source code form, a computer executable form or any intermediate form between a source code and a computer executable form, such as the form resulting from the conversion of the source code via a interpreter, assembler, compiler, linker or locator.
- the program instructions are microcode, firmware instructions, state definition data, integrated circuit configuration data (e.g. VHDL) or object code.
- Program instructions are written in any combination of one or more programming languages, for example, object-oriented programming language (C++, JAVA, Python), procedural programming language (C language for example).
- the system may include a user interface including an input device and an output device.
- the user interface includes an input device to allow the user to enter data or commands so as to be able to interact with the programs according to the invention.
- the output device is designed to return information to a user, sensory or electrical, such as, for example, visually or audibly.
- the set of at least one communication device allows communication between the elements of the system and possibly between at least one element of the system and a device external to the system.
- This communication device can establish a physical link between elements of the system and/or between an element of the system and a device external to the system and/or a remote (wireless) communication link between elements of the system and/or between an element of the system and a device external to the system.
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US20100027587A1 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2010-02-04 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Systems and methods for high data rate ultra wideband communication |
US20100272154A1 (en) * | 2009-04-26 | 2010-10-28 | Ismail Lakkis | Spread-spectrum modulation and demodulation |
WO2018083070A1 (fr) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-05-11 | Uwinloc | Procédé et dispositif récepteur pour l'estimation de l'instant d'arrivée d'un signal radio, procédé et système de localisation |
WO2020127496A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-25 | Uwinloc | Procédés et dispositifs pour l'émission et pour l'estimation de l'instant d'arrivée d'une séquence de bits |
FR3114473A1 (fr) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-03-25 | Uwinloc | Systeme de localisation d’au moins un dispositif emetteur a partir d’une source radio energisante |
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2022
- 2022-05-04 FR FR2204249A patent/FR3135371B1/fr active Active
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2023
- 2023-05-04 WO PCT/EP2023/061772 patent/WO2023213929A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2023-05-04 EP EP23726283.7A patent/EP4519971A1/fr active Pending
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FR3135371A1 (fr) | 2023-11-10 |
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