WO2023207052A1 - Gas-cooled micro-reactor straight-pipe-type main pipeline - Google Patents

Abstract

A gas-cooled micro-reactor straight-pipe-type main pipeline, which is used for connecting a reactor system (1) and a power generation system (3). The main pipeline (2) comprises an outer pipeline (6) and an inner pipeline (8), wherein the inner pipeline (8) is fixed to the outer pipeline (6) by means of several supporting members (14), which are uniformly arranged in a circumferential direction; the inner pipeline (8) sequentially comprises a housing (20), an intermediate heat-insulating layer (21) and a lining (22), which are coaxially arranged from outside to inside; and heat displacement compensation mechanisms are respectively arranged on the housing (20) and the lining (22) of the inner pipeline (8). The straight-pipe-type main pipeline employs the design solution of an inner pipe and an outer pipe, and key technologies such as heat insulation and heat compensation, thereby saving on arrangement space and having the effect of heat preservation and heat insulation.

Description

Air-cooled micro-reactor straight main pipeline

This disclosure requires the priority of the Chinese patent application with the filing date of April 25, 2022, the application number CN202210439089.6, and the name "Gas-cooled Microreactor Straight Pipe Main Pipe".

Technical field

The invention belongs to nuclear energy pipeline design technology, and specifically relates to a gas-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline.

Background technique

With the rapid development of the country, the demand for energy in various industries has increased rapidly. In order to meet our country's needs for efficient and clean energy, the exploration of nuclear energy cannot stop. Compared with other traditional fossil fuel power generation such as coal and natural gas, nuclear power has natural advantages such as cleanliness, high energy density, and almost no greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is imperative to optimize my country's energy structure and further develop the nuclear energy industry.

As an advanced reactor type of the fourth-generation nuclear power system developed in my country, the gas-cooled microreactor has the special advantages of miniaturization and flexible layout in addition to the safety, efficiency, and stable output of ordinary nuclear power plants. It can easily carry out container transportation, simple assembly, and rapid deployment under special application scenarios, and has significant advantages in emergency situations such as post-disaster reconstruction and preemptive rescue.

At this stage, my country's gas-cooled microreactor is still in the exploratory stage. No experimental or commercial gas-cooled microreactor has been built in China, so there is relatively little research in this area and it is still in the research stage.

In view of this, this invention is proposed.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a straight-tube main pipeline design scheme for air-cooled micro-reactors in view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, so as to provide technical support for the development of air-cooled micro-reactors.

The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a gas-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline for connecting the reactor system and the power generation system. The main pipeline includes an outer layer pipeline, an inner layer pipeline, and a space between the inner layer pipeline and the outer layer pipeline. It is fixed by several supports arranged evenly in the circumference.

Further, in the air-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline as described above, the inner pipeline and the outer pipeline are both straight pipelines, and they are in a coaxial state when installed.

Further, the air-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline as described above, wherein an outer flow channel is formed between the outer pipeline and the inner pipeline, an inner flow channel is formed inside the inner pipeline, and the inner flow channel, The operating fluid in the outer flow channel is all helium; the working fluid in the outer flow channel is relatively low-temperature and high-pressure helium, and the flow direction is from the power generation system to the reactor system; the working fluid in the inner flow channel is relatively high-temperature and low-pressure helium. The direction of flow is from the reactor system to the power generation system.

Further, in the air-cooled micro-stack straight-tube main pipeline as described above, the inner pipeline includes a coaxially arranged outer shell, a middle thermal insulation layer and an inner lining in order from the outside to the inside.

Furthermore, thermal displacement compensation mechanisms are respectively provided on the shell and lining of the inner pipe, namely the shell thermal displacement compensation mechanism and the lining thermal displacement compensation mechanism respectively; the shell thermal displacement compensation mechanism uses a cylindrical metal bellows expansion section, the lining thermal displacement compensation mechanism adopts a multi-section socket structure.

Furthermore, as mentioned above, the gas-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline is provided with an annular carbon brick at the connecting end of the inner pipeline and the reactor system. During installation, the annular carbon brick is compensated by the thermal displacement of the inner pipeline shell. The mechanism provides a certain degree of pre-pressure so that the annular carbon brick is always under pressure during process operation, thus ensuring sealing.

Further, the air-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline as described above, wherein the outer pipeline includes an outer shell, an interruption mechanism and an end-face leak detection mechanism, and the two ends of the outer pipeline adopt flange surfaces to match double-layer metal The C-type sealing ring performs sealing, and the end-face leakage detection mechanism is provided between the inner layer and the outer layer of the double-layer metal C-type sealing ring for detecting whether the working medium in the outer layer pipeline leaks. The interruption mechanism is set in the middle of the outer casing to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the outer pipe during shutdown for refueling.

Further, in the gas-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline as described above, the reactor system uses a horizontal pressure vessel, and the power generation system uses an integrated helium turbine.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides a pipeline layout idea for the fourth-generation nuclear power reactor under development in my country. The gas-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline ensures the circulation of working fluid between various equipment. The requirements of miniaturization and integration are fulfilled to the greatest extent. It provides some preliminary preparations for later container transportation and rapid delivery requirements, filling the gap in the field of pipeline layout related to gas-cooled micro-reactors.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of each system of the gas-cooled micro-reactor of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the main pipeline of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the outer pipe structure of the main pipe of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the inner pipeline structure of the main pipeline of the present invention.

In the picture:

1. Reactor system; 2. Main pipe; 3. Power generation system; 4. Reactor system equipment; 5. Power generation system equipment; 6. (Main pipe) outer pipe; 7. (Main pipe) outer flow channel; 8. (Main pipe) inner pipe; 9. (Main pipe) inner flow channel; 10. Main pipe outer pipe sealing structure (main pipe outer pipe end seal); 11. Main pipe inner pipe shell sealing structure; 12. Main pipe Inner pipeline lining sealing structure; 13. (Main pipeline inner pipeline) shell thermal displacement compensation mechanism (cylindrical metal bellows expansion joint); 14. Supports; 15. (Main pipeline outer pipeline) external shell; 16 . Main pipe outer pipe loop flange; 17. (Main pipe outer pipe) interruption (knot) mechanism; 18. (Main pipe) end face leak detection mechanism; 19. Ring carbon brick; 20. (Main pipe inner pipe) shell ; 21. (Main pipe inner pipe) middle insulation layer; 22. (Main pipe inner pipe) lining; 23. (Main pipe inner pipe) lining thermal displacement compensation (knot) mechanism (socket structure).

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

The present invention provides a main pipeline layout scheme for a gas-cooled micro-reactor. As shown in Figure 1, the gas-cooled micro-reactor should include a reactor system 1, a main pipeline 2, and a power generation system 3. It should be clear to those skilled in the art that a complete gas-cooled microreactor does not only include the above-mentioned systems. The present invention focuses on describing the structure and connection relationship of the main pipeline. Other systems are not described in the present invention. However, These systems are also well known in the art.

The reactor system 1 and the power generation system 3 are connected by a main pipeline 2 . Specifically, the reactor system 1 adopts a horizontal pressure vessel. Power generation system 3 uses an integrated helium turbine.

As shown in Figure 2, the main pipe 2 is a double-layer casing structure, including an outer pipe 6 and an inner pipe 8. Both of the above are straight pipes. The inner and outer pipes are fixed by inner pipe supports 14. Several supports The parts 14 are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction between the inner pipe and the outer pipe. The inner pipe 8 and the outer pipe 6 are coaxially installed between the reactor system equipment 4 and the power generation system equipment 5 .

The space between the outer pipe 6 and the inner pipe 8 constitutes the outer flow channel 7, in which the working fluid flowing should be in a relatively low-temperature and high-pressure state, and the direction should be from the power generation system 3 to the reactor system 1. After doing work as a working fluid The spent gas is reheated in the reactor module. The internal space of the inner pipe 8 is the inner flow channel 9, in which the flowing working fluid should be in a relatively high temperature and low pressure state. The direction is from the reactor system 1 to the power generation system 3, and is transported to the power generation system as reheated gas. The system generates electricity.

Therefore, this air-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline fulfills the requirements of miniaturization and integration to the maximum extent while ensuring the flow of working fluid between various equipment.

As shown in Figure 3, the outer pipe 6 consists of an outer shell 15, a main pipe outer pipe loop flange 16, an interruption (knot) mechanism 17, an end leakage detection mechanism 18, and an end seal of the main pipe outer pipe (that is, the main pipe). It is composed of outer pipe sealing structure 10) and other structures.

The outer pipe loop flange 16 of the main pipe is an end fastening structure. After using a lifting tool to align the outer pipe and its side equipment, tighten the corresponding bolts or nuts to complete the fastening.

The outer pipe interruption mechanism 17 of the main pipe is reserved for the reactor system refueling process. During the refueling process, the main pipe needs to be split again. However, due to the large space occupied by the flanges at both ends, the tightening torque is firm and the outer layer There is a corresponding shielding structure, so it is difficult to separate the main pipe from the end. Therefore, a main pipe outer pipe interrupting mechanism 17 is provided in the middle of the outer pipe to facilitate disconnection of the outer pipe 6 when changing materials.

The outer pipe 6 serves as one of the sealed boundaries of the entire main circuit, and its materials and quality assurance require more stringent requirements. One end of the outer pipe 6 is connected to the reactor system equipment 4, and the other end is connected to the power generation system equipment 5. At the connected reactor system equipment 4 and power generation system equipment 5, the main pipe outer pipe sealing structures 10 on both sides can be used differently according to the situation. sealing method. In the present invention, the outer pipe sealing structure 10 of the main pipe at both ends of the outer pipe 6 is sealed by a flange surface matched with a double-layer sealing ring. The double-layer sealing ring is concentrically arranged on the pipe flange surface. The sealing ring is The metal C-shaped sealing ring is made of nickel-based alloy and has a silver-plated C-shaped coating on the surface. This sealing structure has been widely used in high-temperature pipelines in nuclear power plants, ensuring its stable, safe and reliable operation.

The detection point of the main pipeline end face leakage detection mechanism 18 is located between the coaxial double-layer sealing rings. Among the two layers of sealing rings, the inner sealing ring plays a sealing role and should have a complete sealing function. The outer sealing ring serves as a protective measure to prevent gas diffusion when the inner seal fails. When the main pipe end face leak detection mechanism 18 between the two sealing rings detects the working gas, it means that the sealing effect of the inner sealing ring has failed and it needs to be repaired.

As shown in Figure 4, the inner pipe 8 is separated by an annular carbon brick 19 of the inner pipe of the main pipe, a thermal displacement compensation mechanism 13 of the inner shell of the inner pipe of the main pipe, a shell 20 of the inner pipe of the main pipe, and an inner pipe of the inner pipe of the main pipe. It is composed of a thermal layer 21, a (main pipe inner pipe) lining 22, a main pipe inner pipe lining sealing structure 12, a main pipe inner pipe shell sealing structure 11, (main pipe inner pipe) lining thermal displacement compensation mechanism 23, etc.

The shell 20 and the lining 22 of the inner pipe 11 are both part of the inner pipe, but are separated by an insulation layer 21. The middle insulation layer 21 is used to separate the shell 20 and the lining 22, resulting in an intermediate gap. The working temperature difference on both sides of the thermal layer 21 is large. Therefore, the calculated thermal displacements on both sides are different, so different thermal displacement compensation structures are used to compensate the thermal displacement, which are the outer shell thermal displacement compensation mechanism 13 and the lining thermal displacement compensation mechanism 23 respectively. Among them, the outer shell thermal displacement compensation mechanism 13 is designed as a cylindrical metal bellows expansion joint, while the lining thermal displacement compensation mechanism 23 is designed as a multi-section socket structure to ensure the elimination of thermal displacement. At the two adjacent ends of the socket structure, one end is a male head and the other end is a female head. The inner wall of the female head and the outer wall of the male head form a mutually adapted ladder-like structure at the connection part between the two. The connection part may also be provided with a device to ensure Both install smoothly and have high-temperature and wear-resistant coatings that can slide in high temperatures.

The heat insulation layer 21 in the middle of the inner pipe of the main pipeline is under high temperature conditions when working. In addition to having good heat insulation performance, it should also be able to maintain a grid-like or floc structure (well-known heat insulation materials can be used as the material) to ensure that The best heat resistance capability ensures to the greatest extent that the working fluid in the inner flow channel will not affect the shell 20 of the inner pipe of the main pipe.

The inner pipeline lining sealing structure 12 of the main pipeline and the main pipeline inner pipeline shell sealing structure 11 should be flexibly changed according to the design, and can be realized by using traditional pipeline sealing structures or specially designed pipeline sealing structures. In the present invention, the inner pipe lining sealing structure 12 of the main pipe does not have an additional design structure, and only relies on the main pipe inner pipe shell sealing structure 11 to complete the gas connection between the left main pipe inner pipe shell 20 and the power generation system equipment 5 seal. A circular carbon brick 19 is designed on the opposite end connected to the reactor system equipment 4. During installation, the bellows expansion joint structure in the inner pipe shell thermal displacement compensation mechanism 13 of the main pipe now provides a certain degree of pre-pressure to ensure Under the complete process flow, the annular carbon brick 19 of the inner pipe of the main pipe is always under pressure to complete the sealing.

The present invention provides a gas-cooled micro-reactor pipeline layout scheme. In practical applications, part of the structure is pre-assembled as follows:

The annular carbon brick 19 of the inner pipe of the main pipe, the outer shell thermal displacement compensation mechanism 13, the outer shell 20, the middle insulation layer 21, the inner lining 22, the inner pipe lining sealing structure 12 of the main pipe, the outer shell sealing structure 11 of the inner pipe, The lining thermal displacement compensation mechanism 23 forms the inner pipe 8 of the main pipe.

It consists of an outer shell 15 of the outer pipe of the main pipe, a loop flange 16 of the outer pipe of the main pipe, an interruption mechanism 17, an end face leak detection mechanism 18, and an end seal of the outer pipe of the main pipe (ie, the sealing structure 10 of the outer pipe of the main pipe). Main pipe outer pipe 6.

All designs in the present invention adopt integrated design. After a system is packaged, this straight main pipeline can compress the space as much as possible while ensuring the function, ensuring the miniaturization of the entire air-cooled micro-reactor, and providing prerequisites for subsequent container transportation and flexible placement.

At the same time, because this straight main pipeline adopts a modular design, the interfaces of each system try to ensure consistency and versatility, making rapid disassembly, assembly and maintenance possible, and also providing convenience for mass production.

The interruption structure in the middle of the pipeline can dismantle the reactor system as a whole without dismantling other structures of the entire gas-cooled microreactor, which facilitates the maintenance and refueling of the reactor system. The gas-cooled micro-reactor can be reused by replacing the fuel, saving resources to a certain extent.

It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive from any point of view, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is therefore intended that all claims falling within the claims All changes within the meaning and scope of equivalent elements are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the claim in question.

In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementations, not each implementation only contains an independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole. , the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (10)

1. A gas-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline is used to connect the reactor system (1) and the power generation system (3). It is characterized in that the main pipeline (2) includes an outer layer pipeline (6) and an inner layer pipeline ( 8), the inner pipe (8) and the outer pipe (6) are fixed by several supports (14) evenly arranged in the circumferential direction.
2. The air-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner pipeline (8) and the outer pipeline (6) are both straight pipes, and they are in a coaxial state when installed.
3. The air-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that an outer flow channel (7) is formed between the outer pipeline (6) and the inner pipeline (8), and the inner pipeline (6) An inner flow channel (9) is formed inside, and the operating fluid in the inner flow channel (9) and the outer flow channel (7) is both helium.
4. The gas-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline according to claim 3, characterized in that the working fluid in the outer flow channel (7) is relatively low-temperature and high-pressure helium, and the flow direction is from the power generation system (3) to the reactor system. (1), the working fluid in the inner flow channel (9) is relatively high temperature and low pressure helium, and the flow direction is from the reactor system (1) to the power generation system (3).
5. The air-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner pipeline (8) includes a coaxial outer shell (20), a middle thermal insulation layer (21) from the outside to the inside. ) and lining (22).
6. The air-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline according to claim 5, characterized in that thermal displacement compensation mechanisms are respectively provided on the outer shell (20) and the inner lining (22) of the inner pipeline (8), that is, respectively They are the outer shell thermal displacement compensation mechanism (13) and the lining thermal displacement compensation mechanism (23).
7. The air-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline according to claim 6, characterized in that the outer shell thermal displacement compensation mechanism (13) adopts a cylindrical metal bellows expansion joint, and the lining thermal displacement compensation mechanism (23) adopts a multi-section Socket structure.
8. The gas-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline according to claim 6, characterized in that an annular carbon brick (19) is provided at the connection end of the inner pipeline (8) and the reactor system (1), and the The annular carbon brick (19) provides a certain degree of pre-pressure through the shell thermal displacement compensation mechanism (13) of the inner pipe, so that the annular carbon brick is always under pressure during process operation, thereby ensuring sealing.
9. The air-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer pipeline (6) includes an outer shell (15), an interruption mechanism (17) and an end-face leak detection mechanism (18) , both ends of the outer pipe are sealed with flange surfaces and double-layer metal C-type sealing rings, and the end-face leakage detection mechanism (18) is set between the inner layer and the outer layer of the double-layer metal C-type sealing ring, It is used to detect whether the working fluid in the outer pipe (6) leaks. The interruption mechanism (17) is set in the middle of the outer shell (15) to facilitate the outer pipe (6) when shutting down and refueling. ) disassembly and assembly.
10. The gas-cooled micro-reactor straight-tube main pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor system (1) adopts a horizontal pressure vessel, and the power generation system (3) adopts an integrated helium turbine.

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