WO2023200069A1 - 에스트로겐과 항-pd-l1 항체를 포함하는 대장암 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물 - Google Patents
에스트로겐과 항-pd-l1 항체를 포함하는 대장암 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023200069A1 WO2023200069A1 PCT/KR2022/020838 KR2022020838W WO2023200069A1 WO 2023200069 A1 WO2023200069 A1 WO 2023200069A1 KR 2022020838 W KR2022020838 W KR 2022020838W WO 2023200069 A1 WO2023200069 A1 WO 2023200069A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/565—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/565—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol
- A61K31/566—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol having an oxo group in position 17, e.g. estrone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K16/2827—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against B7 molecules, e.g. CD80, CD86
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing estrogen and an anti-PD-L1 antibody for preventing or treating colon cancer, and a composition for enhancing the anti-cancer effect of an anti-PD-L1 antibody containing estrogen.
- Colorectal cancer the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States by 2022, shows gender differences in incidence and mortality worldwide.
- the protective effect of estrogen has been reported in a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and esophageal diseases.
- Sex hormones are mainly involved in sexual differentiation and reproduction, but they also affect the development and function of immune cells. Men and women have different immunological responses to external and self-antigens, and their innate and adaptive immune responses are also different. Additionally, some immunological factors (i.e., higher numbers of CD4 + T cells and CD4/CD8 T cell ratio in women) remain constant from birth to old age, whereas other immunological factors (i.e., pro-inflammatory response) changes during puberty. In fact, immune cells such as B cells, T cells, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells express estrogen receptors, and estrogen regulates the production and function of immune cells.
- ICIs immune checkpoint inhibitors
- PD-1 programmed cell death receptor-1
- PD-L1 programmed cell death receptor-1 ligand
- CLA-4 cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein
- TEE immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
- Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2015-0091058 proposes means and methods for determining whether PD-L1 inhibitor co-treatment is necessary in breast cancer, but confirmation in colon cancer is not disclosed.
- the present inventors completed the present invention by co-administering estrogen and anti-PD-L1 antibody in an animal model of colon cancer.
- the present inventors hypothesized that estrogen could increase the effect of anti-PD-L1 treatment in a colon cancer tumor model, and the effects of combination therapy of estrogen and anti-PD-L1 antibody in the colon tumor model and colon tumor growth, The effects of gender and estrogen on PD-L1 expression and tumor-related cell populations were determined.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating colon cancer comprising estrogen and an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a composition for enhancing the anticancer effect of an anti-PD-L1 antibody containing estrogen for colon cancer.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing or treating colon cancer, comprising administering an effective amount of estrogen and an anti-PD-L1 antibody to an individual in need thereof.
- an object of the present invention is to provide the use of estrogen and anti-PD-L1 antibody in the manufacture of a drug for preventing or treating colon cancer.
- the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating colon cancer comprising estrogen and an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- the estrogen may be one or more selected from the group consisting of estradiol, estriol, and estrone.
- the anti-PD-L1 antibody may be one or more selected from the group consisting of durvalumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, and MDX-1105.
- the pharmaceutical composition may be administered by subcutaneous injection, intraperitoneal injection, intravenous injection, or intramuscular injection.
- the weight ratio of the estrogen to the anti-PD-L1 antibody may be 0.5 to 1.5 : 0.5 to 1.5.
- the pharmaceutical composition may be administered to a male colon cancer patient.
- the estrogen may be administered simultaneously, separately, or sequentially with the anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- the estrogen may be administered before the anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- the colon cancer may be any one or more types selected from the group consisting of colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, colon adenocarcinoma, and neuroendocrine tumor.
- estrogen may be administered in combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody to exhibit one or more activities selected from the group consisting of a) to b) below.
- TAM tumor-associated macrophages
- the present invention provides a composition for enhancing the anti-cancer effect of an anti-PD-L1 antibody containing estrogen.
- the present invention provides a method for preventing or treating colon cancer, comprising administering an effective amount of estrogen and an anti-PD-L1 antibody to a subject in need thereof.
- the present invention provides the use of estrogen and anti-PD-L1 antibody in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating colon cancer.
- the pharmaceutical composition for treating colon cancer containing estrogen and anti-PD-L1 according to the present invention When the pharmaceutical composition for treating colon cancer containing estrogen and anti-PD-L1 according to the present invention is used, a synergistic effect is observed in suppressing tumor growth compared to when estrogen or anti-PD-L1 is used alone.
- Estrogen inhibits colon cancer tumor growth by reducing PD-L1 expression and regulating tumor-related cell populations in male mice. Additionally, estrogen enhances the antitumor effect of anti-PD-L1 on colorectal tumor growth and can therefore be used with immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination therapy.
- the results of the present invention are useful for useful treatment strategies for precision medicine, such as simultaneous administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors and estrogen for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer.
- Figure 1 shows gender differences in MC38 tumor growth.
- a and B is the experimental plan
- C is the mouse was monitored for tumor development 2 or 3 times a week and tumor size was measured using a digital caliper
- D is the result of measuring the weight of the resected tumor. .
- Figure 2 shows the results of confirming the frequency of PD-L1 positive cells, showing that it was higher in males than in females.
- A Representative IHC images of MC38 colon tumor sections are shown after PD-L1 staining. Magnification, ⁇ 200. Red arrows indicate PD-L1 stained cells.
- B Graph shows the percent frequency of PD-L1 stained cells in male and female mice.
- C Gating strategy to determine PD-L1-expressing cells, single cells were gated using SSC and FSC. PD-L1 expressing cells were identified in single cell populations (CD274 + ).
- D Representative plots of flow cytometry (left panel) and frequency (right panel) of PD-L1 expressing cells (CD274 + ) in male and female MC38 tumors.
- Figure 3 shows the results of confirming the frequency of PD-L1 expressing tumor cells, showing that it was higher in male mice than in female mice.
- A Gating strategy to determine tumor cells, TAI, and PD-L1-expressing tumor cells and TAI, and single cells were gated using SSC and FSC. In single cell populations, cells were identified as tumor cells (CD45 ⁇ ), TAI (CD45 + ), PD-L1-expressing tumor cells (CD45 ⁇ CD274 + ), and PD-L1-expressing TAI (CD45 + CD274 + ).
- TAMs were determined as CD11b + F4/80 + cells in the single cell population and PD-L1-expressing TAMs were determined as CD274 + cells within the TAM population.
- E Representative plots of flow cytometry (left panel) and frequency (right panel) of TAMs (CD11b + F4/80 + ) in male and female MC38 tumors.
- F Representative plots of flow cytometry (left panel) and frequency (right panel) of PD-L1 expressing TAMs (CD11b + F4/80 + CD274 + ) in male and female MC38 tumors.
- Figure 4 shows that the frequency of CAF and PD-L1 expressing TEC was higher in male mice than in female mice.
- TEC, CAF, and PD-L1 expression Gating strategy to determine TEC and CAF, and single cells were gated using SSC and FSC.
- CD45 ⁇ cells were gated and then TECs were determined as CD140a ⁇ CD31 + cells and CAFs were determined as CD140a ⁇ CD31 ⁇ cells within the CD45 ⁇ cell population.
- PD-L1 expressing TECs and CAFs were determined as CD274 + cells within the TEC and CAF populations, respectively.
- FIG. 1 Representative plots of flow cytometry (left panel) and frequencies (middle and right panels) of TECs (CD45 - CD140a - CD31 + ) and CAFs (CD45 - CD140a - CD31 - ) in male and female MC38 tumors.
- C Representative plots of flow cytometry (left panel) and frequency (right panel) of PD-L1 expressing TECs (CD45 - CD140a - CD31 + CD274 + ) in male and female MC38 tumors.
- FIG. 1 Representative plots of flow cytometry (left panel) and frequency (right panel) of PD-L1 expressing CAFs (CD45 - CD140a - CD31 - CD274 + ) in male and female MC38 tumors.
- Figure 5 shows results on the inhibitory effect of E2 on MC38 tumor growth in male mice.
- a and B is the experimental plan
- C mice were monitored 2 or 3 times per week for tumor development and tumor size was measured using digital calipers
- D results of measuring the weight of the resected tumor.
- Figure 6 shows the inhibitory effect of E2 on tumor-related cell populations and PD-L1 expression in male MC38 tumors.
- A Representative plot of flow cytometry (top panel) and frequency (bottom panel) of PD-L1 expressing cells (CD274 + )
- B flow cytometry analysis of tumor cells (CD45 ⁇ ) and TAI (CD45 + ) (top panel). ) and frequency (lower panel)
- C Flow cytometry analysis (upper panel) and frequency (lower panel) of PD-L1 expressing tumor cells (CD45 - CD274 + ) and PD-L1 expressing TAI (CD45 + CD274 + ).
- A Representative plot of flow cytometry (top panel) and frequency (bottom panel) of PD-L1 expressing cells (CD274 + )
- B flow cytometry analysis of tumor cells (CD45 ⁇ ) and TAI (CD45 + ) (top panel). ) and frequency (lower panel)
- C Flow cytometry analysis (
- Figure 7 shows the synergistic effect of E2 on the anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-L1 antibody on MC38 tumor growth in male mice.
- a and B Experimental plan
- C Representative images of MC38 tumor-bearing mice and tumors at day 26,
- D Mice were monitored 2 or 3 times per week for tumor development and tumor size was measured using digital calipers.
- E This is the result of measuring the weight of the resected tumor.
- Figure 8 shows that PD-L1 expression was significantly lower in MC38 tumor tissue in the male group treated with E2 or E2 + anti-PD-L1 combination.
- A Representative IHC images of MC38 colon tumor sections after PD-L1 staining. Magnification, ⁇ 200, and red arrows indicate PD-L1 stained cells.
- B Graphs of percent frequency of PD-L1 staining cells in male and female mice,
- C flow cytometry analysis (left panel) and frequency (right panel) of PD-L1 expressing cells (CD274 + ) in male and female MC38 tumors. A representative plot is shown.
- Figure 9 shows the synergistic effect of E2 on alteration of TAM and M1 TAM populations of anti-PD-L1 antibodies in male mice.
- A Representative plot of flow cytometry (left panel) and frequency (right panel) of CD45 - tumor cells in male and female MC38 tumors,
- B PD-L1-expressing tumor cells (CD45 - CD274) in male and female MC38 tumors. Representative plots of flow cytometry (left panel) and frequency (right panel) of + ),
- C TAMs and M1 TAMs, gating strategy to determine PD-L1 expressing TAMs and M1 TAMs and single cells using SSC and FSC. It was gated.
- TAMs were determined as CD11b + F4/80 + cells in the single cell population and M1 TAMs were determined as CD86 + cells within the TAM population.
- PD-L1 expressing TAMs and M1 TAMs were determined as CD274 + cells within the TAM population and M1 TAMs, respectively.
- D Representative plots of flow cytometry (left panel) and frequency (right panel) of TAMs (CD11b + F4/80 + ) in male and female MC38 tumors.
- E Representative plots of flow cytometry (left panel) and frequency (right panel) of M1 TAMs (CD11b + F4/80 + CD86 + ) in male and female MC38 tumors.
- Figure 10 shows the proposed regulatory mechanism of estrogen on MC38 tumor in male mice.
- A Regulators of PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment are shown. The abundance of PD-L1 is regulated by several transcription factors, such as HIF1 ⁇ , MYC, STAT3, AP1, NF- ⁇ B and NRF2.
- PD-L1 expressed on tumor cells binds to PD-1 on T cells and is involved in immune evasion.
- B Shows the mechanism of inhibition of PD-L1 abundance by co-treatment with E2 and anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- ER ⁇ activated by E2 binding moves to the nucleus and inhibits NF-kB, which is activated by the TLR signaling pathway, and NRF2, which is activated by the GPCR signaling pathway, thereby suppressing PD-L1 transcriptional activity.
- Anti-PD-L1 antibodies bind to PD-L1 and inhibit PD-L1 binding to PD-1 on T cells.
- relevant cell populations, PD-L1 expression levels, and expression levels of cancer-related fibroblasts and tumor cells were evaluated.
- the present invention was completed by confirming the level of macrophages and confirming that a synergistic effect occurred compared to the case of treatment alone.
- the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating colon cancer comprising estrogen and an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture containing an anti-PD-L1 antibody containing an estrogen of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient such as a diluent or carrier. According to some embodiments, a method of administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-PD-L1 antibody containing estrogen of the present invention to a subject as needed is provided. In some embodiments, compositions of the present invention can be administered to humans. Although the description of the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein principally relates to pharmaceutical compositions for administration to humans, those skilled in the art will understand that such compositions are generally suitable for administration to all types of animals. A skilled veterinary pharmacologist with a good understanding of the modifications of pharmaceutical compositions for administration to various animals can design and/or perform such modifications, if necessary, simply by routine experimentation.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to a composition that is physiologically acceptable and does not usually cause gastrointestinal disorders, allergic reactions such as dizziness, or similar reactions when administered to humans.
- the carriers, excipients and diluents include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, maltitol, starch, gum acacia, alginate, gelatin, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, cellulose, methyl cellulose, Examples include polyvinylpyrrolidone, water, methylhydroxybenzoate, propylhydroxybenzoate, talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil.
- fillers, anti-coagulants, lubricants, wetting agents, fragrances, emulsifiers and preservatives may be additionally included.
- compositions of the present invention can be formulated using methods known in the art to provide rapid, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to a mammal.
- Dosage forms may be in the form of powders, granules, tablets, emulsions, syrups, aerosols, soft or hard gelatin capsules, sterile injectable solutions, or sterile powders.
- Treatment means an approach to obtain a beneficial or desirable clinical outcome.
- beneficial or desirable clinical outcomes include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, reduction of disease extent, stabilization of the disease state (i.e., not worsening), delay or reduction in the rate of disease progression, disease state, etc. Improvement or temporary relief and alleviation (partial or total) of, whether detectable or undetectable.
- Treatment may also mean increasing survival compared to expected survival without treatment.
- Treatment refers to both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic or preventive measures. The treatments include treatment required for disorders that have already occurred as well as disorders that are being prevented.
- “Palliating” a disease means reducing the extent of the condition and/or undesirable clinical signs and/or slowing or prolonging the time course of the disease compared to no treatment. It means losing.
- compositions for preventing or treating colorectal cancer comprising an estrogen and an anti-PD-L1 antibody of the present invention treat, alleviate, ameliorate, alleviate, delay the onset of, and/or one or more symptoms or features of cancer.
- the estrogen may be one or more selected from the group consisting of estradiol, estriol, and estrone
- the anti-PD-L1 antibody may be characterized as being any one or more selected from the group consisting of durvalumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, and MDX-1105, but is not limited thereto.
- estrogen is a steroid-type hormone that regulates the development and growth of the human reproductive system. When it was first discovered, it was considered a sex hormone limited to the reproductive system.
- estrogen receptors are found in cardiovascular and skeletal areas other than the reproductive system. It is known to be involved in other physiological and pathological processes of the neuroendocrine system. In other words, estrogen shows genetic or non-genomic effects through estrogen receptors, and these estrogen receptors are largely divided into ERa and ERb. While ERa is mainly distributed in female reproductive organs such as the breast, uterus, and ovaries, ERb is distributed more widely in various organs of our body and has been found to have a different function from ERa.
- Estrogen can have various effects on each organ, such as increasing the risk of breast cancer and endometrial cancer, but lowering the risk of colon cancer.
- the estrogen may preferably be estradiol, and more preferably 17b-estradiol among estradiol.
- the anti-PD-L1 antibody refers to a substance that attacks cancer cells by activating T cells by blocking the activation of immune checkpoint proteins involved in T cell suppression.
- the anti-PD-L1 antibody may bind to a protein expressed on the surface of cancer cells and may specifically act as a PD-L1 inhibitor.
- Antibody of the present invention is a term known in the art and refers to a specific protein molecule directed to an antigenic site.
- an antibody refers to an antibody that specifically binds to the PD-L1 protein of the present invention, and such antibody is produced by cloning each gene into an expression vector according to a conventional method and expressing the PD-L1 gene.
- the encoded protein can be obtained and manufactured from the obtained protein by conventional methods.
- This also includes partial peptides that can be made from the above proteins, and the partial peptides of the present invention include at least 7 amino acids, preferably 9 amino acids, and more preferably 12 or more amino acids.
- the form of the antibody of the present invention is not particularly limited, and as long as it is a polyclonal antibody, monoclonal antibody, or has antigen binding properties, a portion thereof is also included in the antibody of the present invention, and all immunoglobulin antibodies are included. Furthermore, the antibodies of the present invention also include special antibodies such as humanized antibodies.
- the antibody against the protein encoded by the PD-L1 gene of the present invention can be any antibody that can be produced by methods known in the art.
- anti-PD-L1 antibodies of the invention may include intact forms with two full-length light chains and two full-length heavy chains as well as functional fragments of the antibody molecule.
- the functional fragment of the antibody molecule refers to a fragment that possesses at least an antigen-binding function and may be Fab, F(ab'), F(ab')2, Fv, etc., but is not particularly limited thereto.
- cancer immunotherapy refers to a treatment that helps treat cancer by increasing the patient’s immunity, instead of treatments or drugs that directly attack cancer cells, such as radiation or anticancer drugs. It mainly finds immune checkpoint proteins (PD-1, PDL1, CTLA-4) and paralyzes the immune evasion function of cancer cells to help T cells (immune cells) destroy cancer cells. Because it plays a role in activating the body's immune system to attack cancer cells, it can be applied to various cancers and can also reduce side effects such as indigestion, vomiting, leukopenia, and hair loss. Currently, a variety of antibodies that block immune checkpoint proteins are in clinical use or in clinical trials. In the present invention, anti-PD-L1 was used as an anticancer immunotherapy agent.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be administered by any route.
- the pharmaceutical composition can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, intraarterially, intramedullarily, intrathecally, subcutaneously, intracerebroventricularly, transdermally, intradermally, rectally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (powders, ointments, creams, and/or or by droplets), mucous membrane, sublingual; It is administered by a variety of routes, including intratracheal instillation, bronchial instillation, and/or inhalation. Particularly contemplated routes are permeable intravenous injection, local administration via the blood and/or lymphatic supply, and/or direct administration to the affected area.
- the most appropriate route of administration will depend on a variety of factors, including the properties of the agent (e.g., stability in the environment of the gastrointestinal tract), and the disorder of the subject.
- the present invention encompasses the delivery of the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention by any suitable route taking into account advances in the field of drug delivery.
- the pharmaceutical composition may be administered by subcutaneous injection, intraperitoneal injection, intravenous injection, or intramuscular injection, but is not limited thereto as long as it is the most effective and has no side effects. .
- the pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating colorectal cancer comprising an estrogen and an anti-PD-L1 antibody of the present invention is administered in an amount of about 0.001 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, about 0.01 mg/kg of the subject's body weight daily. to about 50 mg/kg, from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 40 mg/kg, from about 0.5 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg, from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, from about 0.1 mg/kg to about
- the desired therapeutic effect may be achieved by administering 10 mg/kg, or about 1 mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg, at a dosage level sufficient to deliver once or more per day.
- the intended dosage may be delivered three times a day, twice a day, daily, every two days, every three days, weekly, every two weeks, every three weeks, or every four weeks.
- the desired dosage may be delivered via multiple administrations (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or more administrations). .
- the weight ratio of the estrogen to the anti-PD-L1 antibody may be 0.5 to 1.5:0.5 to 1.5, preferably 1:1, and may be adjusted appropriately by a person skilled in the art. , but is not limited to this.
- estrogen and anti-PD-L1 were each administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg.
- the pharmaceutical composition may be administered to a male colon cancer patient.
- gender was confirmed to be an important factor in colon cancer growth (Figure 1), and a higher proportion of TECs expressing PD-L1 contributed to tumor growth in male mice (Figure 4C). Additionally, tumor growth was significantly reduced following anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment in male mice, and tumor growth was significantly slower and smaller with estrogen and anti-PD-L1 treatment ( Figure 7). That is, it was confirmed that tumor growth was significantly inhibited when male mice were treated with a pharmaceutical composition containing estrogen and anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- the estrogen may be administered simultaneously, separately, or sequentially with the anti-PD-L1 antibody. Alternatively, in one embodiment, the estrogen may be administered before the anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- the colon cancer may be one or more types selected from the group consisting of colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, colon adenocarcinoma, and neuroendocrine tumor, but the colon cancer is not limited thereto.
- TAM tumor associated macrophage
- TAM tumor associated macrophage
- Macrophages crowd around the tumor and infiltrate into it, and it has been reported that in cancer patients, if a large number of TAMs are present around the tumor, the patient's prognosis and survival rate are poor.
- TAM contributes to angiogenesis and suppresses anti-cancer immunity, thereby enabling tumor deterioration, so removal of TAM is considered important in cancer treatment.
- TAMs are differentiated into M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages by the tumor (cancer) microenvironment. Macrophages are activated into the M1 type, which induces an inflammatory response, and the M2 type, which suppresses the immune response. TAMs share the characteristics of M2.
- M1 macrophages also called CLS macrophages (crown-like structure macrophages)
- CLS macrophages crown-like structure macrophages
- M2 macrophages called resident macrophages
- estrogen may be administered in combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody to exhibit one or more activities selected from the group consisting of a) to b) below.
- TAM tumor-associated macrophages
- administered in combination means that the compounds or ingredients are administered together to the subject animal. That each compound or component is administered together means that each component can be administered sequentially at the same time or in any order or at different times to obtain the desired therapeutic effect.
- Figure 10 shows the mechanism of inhibition of PD-L1 abundance by co-treatment with estrogen and anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- ER ⁇ activated by binding of estrogen, expressed as E2 moves to the nucleus and inhibits NF-kB, which is activated by the TLR signaling pathway, and NRF2, which is activated by the GPCR signaling pathway, thereby suppressing PD-L1 transcriptional activity.
- Anti-PD-L1 antibodies exhibit anti-tumor effects by binding to PD-L1 and inhibiting PD-L1 binding to PD-1 on T cells.
- the present invention provides a composition for enhancing the anti-cancer effect of an anti-PD-L1 antibody containing estrogen.
- composition for enhancing the anti-cancer effect of colon cancer the above description that overlaps with the pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating colon cancer is omitted.
- the present invention provides a method for preventing or treating colon cancer, comprising administering an effective amount of estrogen and an anti-PD-L1 antibody to a subject in need thereof.
- the subject may be a male colon cancer patient.
- the present invention provides the use of estrogen and anti-PD-L1 antibody in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating colon cancer.
- MC38 cells purchased from Kerafast Inc. (# ENH204-FP, Boston, MA, USA) were grown in a 95% humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2, 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 2mM L-glutamine at a temperature of 37°C. , were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 1mM sodium pyruvate, 10mM HEPES, and antibiotic-antifungal mixture. All media were purchased from Gibco BRL (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA).
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- MC38 cells (passage numbers 7-8) were washed with Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), lightly trypsinized, washed with DPBS, and checked for viability before final resuspension in DPBS at the desired concentration. .
- DPBS Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline
- mice Seven-week-old male and female C57BL/6 mice were obtained from Orient Bio Inc. (Seoul, Korea) and maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions with a light/dark cycle (12/12 h) at 23°C. All mice were randomly divided by sex, weighed, grouped, and housed in filter-top cages with 3–5 mice per cage. Animals were marked with an ear punch so that individual mice could be tracked throughout the experiment. The preclinical animal room was managed by specialized personnel according to Animals in Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (approval number BA-2013-316-023-01). All experiments were conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the Animal Care Committee of the Animal Hospital of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and the recommendations of the ARRIVE guidelines.
- IACUC Animal Care and Use Committee
- the digested cell suspension was filtered through a 70- ⁇ m cell strainer (# 352350, BD Biosciences, USA). Next, the single cell suspension was incubated with an Fc receptor blocking antibody (# 156604, BioLegend Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) for 30 min to prevent non-specific antibody binding and then stained with a fluorescently labeled specific antibody. Detailed information on the antibodies used is given in [Table 1].
- Antigen Label Clone Isotype Conc.(ml/ml) Dilution Supplier, Cat. No., Lot no.
- In vivo treatment PD-L1 - 10F.9G2 Rat IgG2b, ⁇ 6.6 10mg/kg BioXcell, Be0101, 751220D1B Isotype control - LTF-2 Rat IgG2b, ⁇ 9.45 10mg/kg BioXcell, Be0090, 767920D1 Flow cytometry CD274(PD-L1) P.E.
- TAI tumor-associated immune cell
- TAM tumor-associated macrophage
- TEC tumor-associated endothelial cell
- CAF cancer-associated fibroblast
- PD-L programmed death-ligand 1
- CD cluster of differentiation.
- Tumor growth in mice was monitored 2-3 times weekly and tumor size was measured using digital calipers. Tumor volume was calculated using the formula: (minimum diameter) 2 ⁇ (maximum diameter) ⁇ 0.5. On the day of sacrifice, each resected tumor was weighed and used for subsequent analysis. The same tumor was divided into two, samples for flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were prepared, and experiments were performed.
- Tumor tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin.
- IHC for PD-L1 was performed using the BenchMark XT automated slide staining system (Ventana Medical Systems, Arlington, AZ, USA) and ultraView Universal DAB Detection Kit (Ventana Medical Systems) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Each section was blocked with 3% hydrogen peroxide and normal serum. Sections were then incubated with anti-PD-L1 antibody (# 14-5982-82, eBioscience, San Diego, USA). Section slides were imaged using a Pannoramic 250 Flash III digital slide scanner (3DHISTECH Ltd., Budapest, Hungary). Low-power field (magnification, 40x) images were acquired automatically.
- PD-L1 expressing cells were quantitatively assessed using the Image-Pro Plus analysis system. Within the acquired low-magnification images, several high-magnification fields (magnification, 200x) were randomly selected into three regions and the average number of cells stained for PD-L1 was calculated from the total cell count. Non-specific PD-L1 staining was manually excluded. Reported values are the average of different images from different mice within each group. Values on the y axis are expressed as percentage of cells stained for PD-L1 from the total number of cells.
- TAI tumor-associated immune cells
- TAM tumor-associated macrophages
- TEC tumor-associated endothelial cells
- CD45 - and CD45 + cells were identified as tumor cells and TAI, respectively (Figure 3A).
- TAI CD45 +
- Figure 3C right panel
- the gating strategy for stained cells is shown in Figure 3C.
- the ratio of TAMs (CD45 + CD11b + F4/80 + ) and PD-L1-expressing TAMs did not differ between genders ( Figures 3E and 3F).
- mice were treated with E2 according to the experimental plan using the MC38 tumor model.
- a total of 5 x 10 5 MC38 cells (passage number 7) resuspended in 100 ⁇ l DPBS were injected subcutaneously into the right flank of 8 week old C57BL/6 male mice.
- E2 (10 mg/kg) was injected into MC38 cells 3 days before (before MC38 group) or on the day of injection (after MC38 group) for 1 week.
- mice from each group were used for MC38 cancer cell transplantation, and 1 mouse from each group that did not develop tumors was excluded from the experiment. Therefore, in the experiment described in Figure 5A, results were obtained from 12 of a total of 15 mice.
- E2 (# E8876, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) dissolved in olive oil was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a concentration of 10 mg/kg 7 times daily for 1 week.
- E2 was injected 3 days before MC38 cell injection (before MC38 group) or on the day of injection (after MC38 group) (Figure 5A). Mice were sacrificed 20 days after injection with MC38 cells (Figure 5A), and collected tumor samples were used for flow cytometry (Figure 5B).
- Tumor growth in mice was monitored 2-3 times weekly and tumor size was measured using digital calipers. Tumor volume was calculated using the formula: (minimum diameter) 2 ⁇ (maximum diameter) ⁇ 0.5. On the day of sacrifice, each resected tumor was weighed and used for subsequent analysis.
- mice with tumors measuring 50-100 mm 3 were selected from all groups and injected with anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- mice from each group were used for MC38 cancer cell transplantation.
- E2 (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 1 week 3 days prior to MC38 cell injection. Mice were sacrificed 26 days after MC38 cell injection (Figure 7A), and at the end of the experiment, MC38 tumor samples were collected and FACS and IHC were performed to assess PD-L1 expression ( Figure 7B).
- Tumor growth in mice was monitored 2-3 times weekly and tumor size was measured using digital calipers. Tumor volume was calculated using the formula: (minimum diameter) 2 ⁇ (maximum diameter) ⁇ 0.5. On the day of sacrifice, each resected tumor was weighed and used for subsequent analysis. The same tumor was divided into two, samples for flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were prepared, and experiments were performed.
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Abstract
Description
| Antigen | Label | Clone | Isotype | Conc.(ml/ml) | Dilution | Supplier, Cat. no., Lot no. |
| In vivo treatment | ||||||
| PD-L1 | - | 10F.9G2 | Rat IgG2b, κ | 6.6 | 10mg/kg | BioXcell, Be0101, 751220D1B |
| Isotype control | - | LTF-2 | Rat IgG2b, κ | 9.45 | 10mg/kg | BioXcell, Be0090, 767920D1 |
| Flow cytometry | ||||||
| CD274(PD-L1) | PE | 10F.9G2 | Rat IgG2b, κ | 0.2 | 1:100 | Biolegend, 124308, B318306 |
| CD45 | AF488 | 30-F11 | Rat IgG2b, κ | 0.5 | 1:200 | Biolegend, 103122, B285085 |
| CD11b | PerCP/Cy5.5 | M1/70 | Rat IgG2b, κ | 0.2 | 1:50 | Biolegend, 101228, B308468 |
| F4/80 | APC-Cy7 | BM8 | Rat IgG2a, κ | 0.2 | 1:50 | Biolegend, 123118, B335934 |
| CD140a | APC | APA5 | Rat IgG2a, κ | 0.2 | 1:25 | Biolegend, 135908, B257183 |
| CD31 | PE-Cy7 | 390 | Rat IgG2a, κ | 0.2 | 1:100 | Biolegend, 102418, B312607 |
| CD86 | FITC | GL1 | Rat IgG2a, κ | 0.5 | 1:50 | BD Biosciences, 553691, 1032076 |
| Immunohistochemistry | ||||||
| PD-L1 | - | M1H5 | Rat IgG2a,λ | 1:50 | eBioscience, 14-5982-82, 2110796 | |
| Cell population | Cell surface marker |
| Tumor cell | CD45- |
| TAI | CD45+ |
| TAM | CD11b+ F4/80+ |
| TEC | CD45- CD140a- CD31+ |
| CAF | CD45- CD140a- CD31- |
| M1 TAM | CD11b+ F4/80+ CD86+ |
| PD-L1-expressing cell | CD274+ |
| PD-L1-expressing tumor cell | CD45- CD274+ |
| PD-L1-expressing TAI | CD45+ CD274+ |
| PD-L1-expressing TAM | CD11b+ F4/80+ CD274+ |
| PD-L1-expressing TEC | CD45- CD140a- CD31+ CD274+ |
| PD-L1-expressing CAF | CD45- CD140a- CD31- CD274+ |
| PD-L1-expressing M1 TAM | CD11b+ F4/80+ CD86+ CD274+ |
Claims (32)
- 에스트로겐 및 항-PD-L1 항체를 포함하는 대장암 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 에스트로겐은 에스트라디올(estradiol), 에스트리올(estriol) 및 에스트론(estrone)으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 1종 이상이고,상기 항-PD-L1 항체는 두르발루맙, 아테졸리주맙, 아벨루맙 및 MDX-1105로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 대장암 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 약학적 조성물은 피하주사, 복강내주사, 정맥주사 또는 근육내 주사의 주입방식에 의하여 투여되는 것을 특징으로 하는 대장암 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 에스트로겐과 항-PD-L1 항체의 중량비는 0.5~1.5 : 0.5~1.5 중량비인 것을 특징으로 하는 대장암 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 약학적 조성물은 남성 대장암 환자에게 투여되는 것을 특징으로 하는 대장암 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 에스트로겐은 항-PD-L1 항체와 동시에(simultaneous), 별도(separate), 또는 순차적(sequential)으로 투여되거나,상기 에스트로겐은 항-PD-L1 항체보다 먼저 투여되는 것을 특징으로 하는 대장암 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 대장암은 결장암, 직장암, 결장직장암, 대장 선암 및 신경내분비종양으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 대장암 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물.
- 제1항에 있어서,에스트로겐은 항-PD-L1 항체와 병용투여 되어 다음의 a) 내지 b)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 이상의 활성을 나타내는, 대장암 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물:a) TAM(tumor-associated macrophages)의 감소;b) M1 TAM의 증가.
- 에스트로겐을 포함하는 항-PD-L1 항체의 대장암 항암효과 증진용 조성물.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 에스트로겐은 에스트라디올(estradiol), 에스트리올(estriol) 및 에스트론(estrone)으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 1종 이상이고,상기 항-PD-L1 항체는 두르발루맙, 아테졸리주맙, 아벨루맙 및 MDX-1105로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 항-PD-L1 항체의 대장암 항암효과 증진용 조성물.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 조성물은 피하주사, 복강내주사, 정맥주사 또는 근육내 주사의 주입방식에 의하여 투여되는 것을 특징으로 하는 항-PD-L1 항체의 대장암 항암효과 증진용 조성물.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 에스트로겐과 항-PD-L1 항체의 중량비는 0.5~1.5 : 0.5~1.5 중량비인 것을 특징으로 하는 항-PD-L1 항체의 대장암 항암효과 증진용 조성물.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 조성물은 남성 대장암 환자에게 투여되는 것을 특징으로 하는 항-PD-L1 항체의 대장암 항암효과 증진용 조성물.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 에스트로겐은 항-PD-L1 항체와 동시에(simultaneous), 별도(separate), 또는 순차적(sequential)으로 투여되거나,상기 에스트로겐은 항-PD-L1 항체보다 먼저 투여되는 것을 특징으로 하는 항-PD-L1 항체의 대장암 항암효과 증진용 조성물.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 대장암은 결장암, 직장암, 결장직장암, 대장 선암 및 신경내분비종양으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 항-PD-L1 항체의 대장암 항암효과 증진용 조성물.
- 제9항에 있어서,에스트로겐은 항-PD-L1 항체와 병용투여 되어 다음의 a) 내지 b)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 이상의 활성을 나타내는, 항-PD-L1 항체의 대장암 항암효과 증진용 조성물:a) TAM(tumor-associated macrophages)의 감소;b) M1 TAM의 증가.
- 에스트로겐 및 항-PD-L1 항체를 유효량으로 이를 필요로 하는 개체에게 투여하는 단계를 포함하는, 대장암을 예방 또는 치료하는 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 에스트로겐은 에스트라디올(estradiol), 에스트리올(estriol) 및 에스트론(estrone)으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 1종 이상이고,상기 항-PD-L1 항체는 두르발루맙, 아테졸리주맙, 아벨루맙 및 MDX-1105로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 대장암을 예방 또는 치료하는 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 약학적 조성물은 피하주사, 복강내주사, 정맥주사 또는 근육내 주사의 주입방식에 의하여 투여되는 것을 특징으로 하는 대장암을 예방 또는 치료하는 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 에스트로겐과 항-PD-L1 항체의 중량비는 0.5~1.5 : 0.5~1.5 중량비인 것을 특징으로 하는 대장암을 예방 또는 치료하는 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 개체는 남성 대장암 환자인 것을 특징으로 하는 대장암을 예방 또는 치료하는 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 에스트로겐은 항-PD-L1 항체와 동시에(simultaneous), 별도(separate), 또는 순차적(sequential)으로 투여되거나,상기 에스트로겐은 항-PD-L1 항체보다 먼저 투여되는 것을 특징으로 하는 대장암을 예방 또는 치료하는 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 대장암은 결장암, 직장암, 결장직장암, 대장 선암 및 신경내분비종양으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 대장암을 예방 또는 치료하는 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,에스트로겐은 항-PD-L1 항체와 병용투여 되어 다음의 a) 내지 b)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 이상의 활성을 나타내는, 대장암을 예방 또는 치료하는 방법:a) TAM(tumor-associated macrophages)의 감소;b) M1 TAM의 증가.
- 대장암을 예방 또는 치료하기 위한 약제 제조시 에스트로겐 및 항-PD-L1 항체의 용도.
- 제25항에 있어서,상기 에스트로겐은 에스트라디올(estradiol), 에스트리올(estriol) 및 에스트론(estrone)으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 1종 이상이고,상기 항-PD-L1 항체는 두르발루맙, 아테졸리주맙, 아벨루맙 및 MDX-1105로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 에스트로겐 및 항-PD-L1 항체의 용도.
- 제25항에 있어서,상기 약제는 피하주사, 복강내주사, 정맥주사 또는 근육내 주사의 주입방식에 의하여 투여되는 것을 특징으로 하는 에스트로겐 및 항-PD-L1 항체의 용도.
- 제25항에 있어서,상기 에스트로겐과 항-PD-L1 항체의 중량비는 0.5~1.5 : 0.5~1.5 중량비인 것을 특징으로 하는 에스트로겐 및 항-PD-L1 항체의 용도.
- 제25항에 있어서,상기 약제는 남성 대장암 환자에게 투여되는 것을 특징으로 하는 에스트로겐 및 항-PD-L1 항체의 용도.
- 제25항에 있어서,상기 에스트로겐은 항-PD-L1 항체와 동시에(simultaneous), 별도(separate), 또는 순차적(sequential)으로 투여되거나,상기 에스트로겐은 항-PD-L1 항체보다 먼저 투여되는 것을 특징으로 하는 에스트로겐 및 항-PD-L1 항체의 용도.
- 제25항에 있어서,상기 대장암은 결장암, 직장암, 결장직장암, 대장 선암 및 신경내분비종양으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 에스트로겐 및 항-PD-L1 항체의 용도.
- 제25항에 있어서,에스트로겐은 항-PD-L1 항체와 병용투여 되어 다음의 a) 내지 b)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 이상의 활성을 나타내는, 에스트로겐 및 항-PD-L1 항체의 용도:a) TAM(tumor-associated macrophages)의 감소;b) M1 TAM의 증가.
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| WO (1) | WO2023200069A1 (ko) |
Citations (2)
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| KR20150091058A (ko) * | 2012-11-30 | 2015-08-07 | 에프. 호프만-라 로슈 아게 | Pd-l1 억제제 공동치료를 필요로 하는 환자의 식별방법 |
| KR20220014818A (ko) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-07 | 재단법인 아산사회복지재단 | 스트렙토니그린 및 면역관문 억제제를 유효성분으로 포함하는 대장암 예방 및 치료용 조성물 |
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2022
- 2022-12-20 US US18/856,078 patent/US20250249022A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-20 WO PCT/KR2022/020838 patent/WO2023200069A1/ko not_active Ceased
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| KR20150091058A (ko) * | 2012-11-30 | 2015-08-07 | 에프. 호프만-라 로슈 아게 | Pd-l1 억제제 공동치료를 필요로 하는 환자의 식별방법 |
| KR20220014818A (ko) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-07 | 재단법인 아산사회복지재단 | 스트렙토니그린 및 면역관문 억제제를 유효성분으로 포함하는 대장암 예방 및 치료용 조성물 |
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| KANG CHANGHEE, SONG CHIN-HEE, KIM NAYOUNG, NAM RYOUNG HEE, CHOI SOO IN, YU JEONG EUN, NHO HEEWON, CHOI JIN A., KIM JIN WON, NA HEE: "The Enhanced Inhibitory Effect of Estrogen on PD-L1 Expression Following Nrf2 Deficiency in the AOM/DSS Model of Colitis-Associated Cancer", FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY, vol. 11, 8 July 2021 (2021-07-08), pages 679324, XP093099157, DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679324 * |
| SON HEE JIN, SOHN SUNG HWA, KIM NAYOUNG, LEE HA-NA, LEE SUN MIN, NAM RYOUNG HEE, PARK JI HYUN, SONG CHIN-HEE, SHIN EUN, NA HEE YOU: "Effect of Estradiol in an Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer: Implication for Sex Difference in Colorectal Cancer Development", CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT, KOREAN CANCER ASSOCIATION, KR, vol. 51, no. 2, 15 April 2019 (2019-04-15), KR , pages 632 - 648, XP093099170, ISSN: 1598-2998, DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.060 * |
| SONG CHIN-HEE; KIM NAYOUNG; NAM RYOUNG HEE; CHOI SOO IN; JANG JAE YOUNG; KIM JIN WON; NA HEE YOUNG; LEE HA-NA: "Combination treatment with 17β-estradiol and anti-PD-L1 suppresses MC38 tumor growth by reducing PD-L1 expression and enhancing M1 macrophage population in MC38 colon tumor model", CANCER LETTERS, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 543, 8 June 2022 (2022-06-08), US , XP087115377, ISSN: 0304-3835, DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215780 * |
| XIONG HUIZHONG, MITTMAN STEPHANIE, RODRIGUEZ RYAN, MOSKALENKO MARINA, PACHECO-SANCHEZ PATRICIA, YANG YAGAI, NICKLES DOROTHEE, CUBA: "Anti–PD-L1 Treatment Results in Functional Remodeling of the Macrophage Compartment", CANCER RESEARCH, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH, US, vol. 79, no. 7, 1 April 2019 (2019-04-01), US, pages 1493 - 1506, XP093099163, ISSN: 0008-5472, DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-3208 * |
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| US20250249022A1 (en) | 2025-08-07 |
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