Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
  • A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
  • A61K49/10—Organic compounds
  • A61K49/12—Macromolecular compounds
  • A61K49/126—Linear polymers, e.g. dextran, inulin, PEG
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
  • A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
  • A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
  • A61K47/60—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
  • A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
  • A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
  • A61K49/085—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier conjugated systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
  • A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
  • A61K49/10—Organic compounds
  • A61K49/12—Macromolecular compounds
  • A61K49/126—Linear polymers, e.g. dextran, inulin, PEG
  • A61K49/128—Linear polymers, e.g. dextran, inulin, PEG comprising multiple complex or complex-forming groups, being either part of the linear polymeric backbone or being pending groups covalently linked to the linear polymeric backbone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
  • A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
  • A61K49/10—Organic compounds
  • A61K49/14—Peptides, e.g. proteins
  • A61K49/146—Peptides, e.g. proteins the peptide being a polyamino acid, e.g. poly-lysine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/08—Solutions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
  • C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
  • C08G69/10—Alpha-amino-carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G69/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
  • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
  • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
  • G01R33/282—Means specially adapted for hyperpolarisation or for hyperpolarised contrast agents, e.g. for the generation of hyperpolarised gases using optical pumping cells, for storing hyperpolarised contrast agents or for the determination of the polarisation of a hyperpolarised contrast agent

Definitions

• the present invention relates to particles with precisely controlled hydrodynamic diameter. More specifically, the present invention provides a single polymer particle composed of a single polymer, an active molecule complex, a method for producing a single polymer particle, a method for measuring tumor size, a method for measuring fine structure within a tumor, and a method for measuring microstructure within a tumor.
• the present invention relates to a tissue imaging method, a drug delivery system, and a contrast agent kit.
• small-molecule drugs such as anticancer drugs, contrast agents, and nucleic acid drugs
• their molecular size is 5 nm or less, so they are quickly excreted from the kidneys, making it difficult to deliver them to the target site. is difficult.
• low-molecular-weight drugs are known to cause filtration from blood vessels due to their small molecular size, causing damage to surrounding tissues.
• Patent Document 1 describes a nuclear magnetic resonance contrast agent using a polymer micelle containing a hydrophilic polymer chain segment.
• the molecular weight of a contrast agent which is a hydrophilic low molecule, is controlled by using polymeric micelles, and the contrast agent is effectively delivered to a target site.
• Non-Patent Document 1 micelles made of block copolymers have high potential as nanomedicines that can control the distribution and function of bioactive agents such as drugs, proteins, or nucleic acids and effectively overcome biological barriers. It is described that it has a sexual nature.
• the problems of the present invention are: a single polymer particle, an active molecule complex, a method for producing a single polymer particle whose hydrodynamic diameter is controlled more accurately, a method for measuring tumor size, and a method for measuring microstructure within a tumor.
• the present invention provides a biological tissue imaging method, a drug delivery system, and a contrast agent kit.
• Each particle is formed from a single polymer, A single polymer particle, wherein the single polymer has a molecular weight distribution M w /M n of 1.5 or less. This allows particles with precisely controlled hydrodynamic diameter to be obtained.
• the single polymer is a structure consisting of a single hydrophilic polymer A, or a main chain consisting of a single hydrophilic polymer A with one or more side chains of the hydrophilic polymer B bonded to it.
• the hydrophilic polymer A is a polypeptide, a polysaccharide, a vinyl polymer, a polyether polymer, a polyester polymer, or a polyoxazoline. single polymer particle. This allows the molecular weight of a single polymer to be easily controlled and, as a result, the hydrodynamic diameter of a single polymer particle to be controlled.
• the hydrophilic polymer B is polyalkylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, poly2-methoxyethyl acrylate, polyoxazoline, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, or carboxyvinyl polymer.
• the hydrophilic polymer A is polyaspartic acid, The single polymer particle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the hydrophilic polymer B is polyethylene glycol. This makes it possible to obtain particles whose hydrodynamic diameter is more accurately controlled.
• An active molecule complex characterized in that an active molecule is bound to the single polymer particle according to any one of claims 1 to 7. Thereby, an active molecule complex whose dynamics in the living body is controlled can be obtained.
• the active molecule is an antibody drug, a nucleic acid drug, a small molecule drug, a radioactive drug, a contrast agent, or a complex of a chromophore and a single polymer particle whose dynamics in a living body is controlled.
• a method for producing single polymer particles including the following steps.
• (ii) A hydrophilic polymer is added to the reaction site of the hydrophilic polymer A.
• Step of binding polymer B This allows particles with precisely controlled hydrodynamic diameter to be obtained.
• Measurement of tumor size characterized by measuring tumor size using the single polymer particle according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the active molecule complex according to claim 8 or 9. Measurement method. This allows the size of the tumor to be measured.
• a tumor characterized in that the fine structure within the tumor is measured using the single polymer particle according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the active molecule complex according to claim 8 or 9.
• a method for measuring the microstructure within Thereby, the fine structure within the tumor can be measured.
• a drug delivery system that transports the single polymer particle according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the active molecule complex according to claim 8 or 9 to a target location in a living body. This allows single polymer particles and the like to be transported to a desired location within a living body.
• a contrast agent kit comprising active molecule complexes of different sizes among the active molecule complexes according to claim 8 or 9. Thereby, the fine structure of living tissue can be known more accurately.
• a single polymer particle, an active molecule complex, a method for producing a single polymer particle with a more controlled hydrodynamic diameter, a method for measuring tumor size, a method for measuring microstructure within a tumor, A living tissue imaging method, a drug delivery system, and a contrast agent kit can be provided.
• the results of analysis of the molecular weight distribution of synthesized PBLA by GPC are shown.
• the analysis results of synthesized PAsp-g-PEG2000, PAsp-g-PEG5000, PAsp-g-PEG12000, and PAsp-g-PEG20000 by GPC method are shown.
• the results of the synthesis of single polymeric particles with controlled hydrodynamic diameter are shown.
• the results of a blood retention test of single polymer particles are shown.
• the hydrodynamic diameter and pharmacokinetics of a single polymer particle after intravenous administration are shown.
• 2 shows the results of relaxivity measurements of a contrast agent combined with a single polymer particle of the present invention and a conventional contrast agent.
• 1 shows images obtained with the active molecule complex (contrast agent) of the present invention.
• Figure 2 shows an image obtained with a conventional contrast agent.
• Figure 3 shows images obtained with a contrast agent combined with a single polymeric particle of the invention.
• a "polymer” is a molecule with a large molecular weight, and is a structure composed of many repetitions of units obtained substantially or conceptually from molecules with a small molecular weight, and is also referred to as a polymer molecule. Such polymers are broadly classified into biopolymers and synthetic polymers. Specific biopolymers include, for example, polypeptides formed from amino acid units, polysaccharides formed from monosaccharide units, and polynucleotides formed from nucleic acid units.
• a “single polymer” refers to a single polymer bonded by covalent bonds, which is not a complex of multiple molecules due to hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds, van der Waals forces, etc.
• "Single polymer particle” means a state in which each single polymer is dispersed in an aqueous solvent without intramolecular secondary association and exhibits particle properties. means.
• the single polymer particles of the present invention do not include complexes formed by multiple polymers such as micelles.
• the term “single polymer particle” means a particle formed by a single polymer. Note that when describing the molecular weight distribution M w /M n of a single polymer, it indicates the molecular weight distribution in a set of substantially identical single polymer particles obtained by the same manufacturing method or the like.
• biocompatibility refers to properties that have affinity with living tissues and organs and do not cause foreign body reactions or rejection reactions.
• the present invention is primarily intended for use in vivo, and the above-mentioned polymer is preferably a biocompatible polymer.
• molecular weight refers to the molecular weight measured by the TOF-MS method, the molecular weight calculated and measured from the terminal group proton by the NMR method, or the molecular weight calculated from both.
• number average molecular weight (M n ) is calculated from the average molecular weight (arithmetic average) of each polymer included in a set of synthesized polymers. Refers to molecular weight. The number average molecular weight is determined by GPC (gel permeation chromatography).
• weight average molecular weight ( Mw ) is the average molecular weight calculated based on the weight fraction, and is the average molecular weight calculated based on the “weight (molecular weight x number of polymers)” rather than the number of polymers. It is.
• the weight average molecular weight is determined by GPC method.
• molecular weight distribution refers to the degree of distribution of the molecular weight and degree of polymerization of a polymer, that is, the degree of variation, and is determined by the GPC method.
• the molecular weight distribution is indicated by the value of the ratio of the weight average molecular weight M w to the number average molecular weight M n (M w /M n ). When the molecular weight distribution is 1.0 to 1.5, it is considered to be substantially monodisperse. Molecular weight distribution is determined by GPC method.
• hydrodynamic diameter refers to the size of a particle estimated from the speed of particle movement.
• the hydrodynamic diameter d can be calculated by measuring the diffusion time using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and using the Einstein-Stokes relation (formula (1) below).
• the single polymer particles of the present invention are characterized in that each particle is formed from a single polymer and the molecular weight distribution M w /M n is 1.5 or less. This allows particles with precisely controlled hydrodynamic diameter to be obtained.
• Living organisms have a mechanism that controls the dynamics of particles in the living body depending on the size of the particles taken in, for example, a mechanism that allows particles of a certain size or less to pass through and does not allow particles that exceed a certain size to pass.
• the dynamics of the particles in the body can be precisely controlled depending on the purpose.
• the single polymer particle of the present invention for example, it can be used as a contrast agent, and by adjusting the size of the single polymer particle of the present invention, it can be used to prevent leakage of the single polymer from blood vessels.
• a single polymer particle that can be delivered deep into tissues as a single polymer particle that can be delivered deep into tissues for use in imaging biological tissues, for sizing and imaging tissue microstructure, single polymeric particles or active molecules conjugated with pharmaceuticals of appropriate hydrodynamic diameter or size. It is possible to use the conjugate for therapeutic purposes, to transport the active molecule conjugate to a desired location within the body, etc.
• Gd ions used in contrast agents By binding Gd ions used in contrast agents to particles, it is possible to efficiently deliver them only to the target site, avoiding damage caused by vascular filtration and toxicity to other areas such as the brain. ⁇ Particles of a size (several nanometers to several tens of nanometers) that can be delivered deep into inflamed areas and cancer tissues that cannot be delivered with conventional micelles (tens of nanometers to hundreds of nanometers) while avoiding renal excretion. It becomes possible to create. ⁇ Using precisely sized particles to visualize the fine structure of tissue, and depending on the results, particles with an appropriately sized drug (active molecule complex) can be used for treatment to achieve effective treatment. Treatment becomes possible.
• the molecular weight distribution of the single polymer particles of the present invention is 1.5 or less.
• the upper limit is preferably 1.4 or less, more preferably 1.3 or less, still more preferably 1.2 or less.
• the hydrodynamic diameter of the single polymer particle of the present invention varies depending on the use of the single polymer particle, but is, for example, 1 to 100 nm.
• the hydrodynamic diameter of a single polymer particle can be controlled by controlling the molecular weight of the single polymer.
• the molecular weight of a single polymer can be controlled by controlling the molecular weight of hydrophilic polymer A, hydrophilic polymer B, and/or the number of bonds of hydrophilic polymer B, as described below.
• the hydrodynamic diameter of the single polymer particles of the present invention is preferably 0.5 nm or more, more preferably 1 nm when used as a contrast agent, for example. That's all.
• the diameter is preferably 2 nm or more, more preferably 3 nm or more.
• the particle size is preferably less than 5 nm.
• the particle size is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 6 nm or more.
• the diameter is preferably smaller, preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 30 nm or less.
• a single polymeric particle can be a single polymeric particle composition that includes a plurality of single polymeric particles.
• a single polymer particle composition usually includes a collection of single polymer particles obtained by the same manufacturing method, preferably a collection of single polymer particles each of which is substantially the same.
• the molecular weight distribution M w /M n in a single polymer particle composition indicates the molecular weight distribution of a single polymer particle in the single polymer particle composition.
• the preferred range of each component in the single polymer particle composition is the same as the preferred range for the single polymer particle.
• the single polymer particles of the present invention are formed from a single polymer.
• the single polymer is preferably a polymer formed mainly from hydrophilic units, more preferably a polymer formed only from hydrophilic units.
• the single polymer has no hydrophobic units.
• it is preferable that the single polymer has the property of existing as a single polymer chain in an aqueous solvent without secondary association between molecules.
• the single polymer is not particularly limited, but may include a structure consisting of only a single hydrophilic polymer A, or a structure in which one or more side chains of a hydrophilic polymer B are bonded to a single hydrophilic polymer A. It is a thing. From the viewpoint of accurately setting the molecular size over a wider range, a structure in which one or more side chains of hydrophilic polymer B are bonded to a single hydrophilic polymer A is preferable.
• the hydrophilic polymer B When the single polymer is a structure in which one or more side chains of hydrophilic polymer B are bonded to a main chain consisting of a single hydrophilic polymer A, the hydrophilic polymer B has a specific molecular weight. It is preferable to have.
• the structure of a single polymer has, for example, the structure of a graft copolymer, which is a polymer having one polymer as a trunk and branches of other types of polymers.
• the molecular weight of the single polymer particles is appropriately set depending on the intended use of the single polymer particles, but is preferably 1 to 2000 kDa.
• the lower limit is more preferably 2 kDa or more, and still more preferably 5 kDa or more.
• the upper limit is preferably 1,750 kDa or less, more preferably 1,500 kDa or less.
• methods for controlling the molecular weight of a single polymer include, for example, synthesis by graft copolymerization, obtaining a polymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution by living polymerization or ring-opening polymerization, or obtaining a fraction of an appropriate molecular weight by fractionation after production. Examples of methods include obtaining.
• Hydrophilic polymer A forms the main chain of a single polymer.
• the hydrophilic polymer A has, for example, a linear or branched structure. It is preferable to have a linear structure.
• the hydrophilic polymer A is not particularly limited, but is preferably a polymer mainly composed of linear structures, more preferably a polymer composed only of linear structures.
• the specific hydrophilic polymer A is not particularly limited as long as it is a hydrophilic polymer, but biocompatible polymers are preferred. Examples of such biocompatible polymers include polypeptides, polysaccharides, vinyl polymers, polyether polymers, polyester polymers, polyoxazolines, polynucleotides, and the like. Among these, from the viewpoint of ease of molecular weight control, polypeptides or polyamino acids are preferred, and polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, and polylysine are more preferred.
• the molecular weight distribution of the hydrophilic polymer A is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.5 or less.
• the upper limit is more preferably 1.4 or less, still more preferably 1.3 or less, even more preferably 1.2 or less.
• the molecular weight of the hydrophilic polymer A is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 to 100 kDa.
• the lower limit is preferably 1 kDa or more, more preferably 2 kDa or more.
• the upper limit is preferably 80 kDa or less, and 50 kDa or less.
• the hydrophilic polymer A is particularly preferably a polypeptide synthesized by a ring-opening polymerization reaction using ⁇ -amino acid-N-carboxy anhydride as a raw material.
• Hydrophilic polymer B is bonded to the main chain consisting of hydrophilic polymer A as a side chain.
• the molecular weight distribution of the hydrophilic polymer B is preferably 1.5 or less, more preferably 1.4 or less, still more preferably 1.3 or less, even more preferably 1.2 or less, Particularly preferably, it is 1.1 or less.
• Hydrophilic polymer B is bonded to any of the reaction sites present in hydrophilic polymer A.
• the specific hydrophilic polymer B is not particularly limited as long as it is a hydrophilic polymer, but preferably a hydrophilic biocompatible polymer.
• polyalkylene glycol e.g., carbon number 2 to 4
• PVA polyvinyl alcohol
• PHEMA polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate
• PMEA poly2-methoxyethyl acrylate
• polyoxazoline carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose
• Examples include hydroxyethyl cellulose and carboxyvinyl polymer.
• polyethylene glycol (PEG) is preferred from the viewpoint of ease of molecular weight control.
• Specific examples of polyethylene glycol include PEG500, PEG2000, PEG5000, PEG10000, PEG20000, PEG40000, and PEG80000.
• the molecular weight of the hydrophilic polymer B is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.01 to 1000 kDa.
• the lower limit is preferably 0.02 kDa or more, more preferably 0.05 kDa or more, still more preferably 0.1 kDa or more.
• the upper limit is preferably 500 kDa or less, more preferably 200 kDa or less, still more preferably 100 kDa or less.
• the number of hydrophilic polymers B bonded to a single hydrophilic polymer A is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0 to 200.
• the lower limit is preferably 0 or more, more preferably 1 or more, even more preferably 3 or more.
• the upper limit is preferably 150 or less, more preferably 100 or less, even more preferably 50 or less.
• the active molecule complex of the present invention is one in which an active molecule is bound to the above-described single polymer particle. Thereby, an active molecule complex whose dynamics in the living body is controlled can be obtained.
• the binding of active molecules includes covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and the like. This also includes the coordination of metal ions, such as those used as contrast agents, to chelate-forming functional groups in a single polymer.
• a chelate-forming functional group is a functional group that has an element with a lone pair of electrons (N, O, P, S, etc.) and forms a strong coordinate bond by donating the lone pair of electrons to a metal ion. be.
• the active molecule is not particularly limited, and commonly used active molecules used in the fields of pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, etc. can be used, but preferably antibody drugs, low molecule drugs, nucleic acid drugs, radioactive drugs, It is a contrast agent or a chromophore.
• Antibody drugs include, but are not particularly limited to, those in which a drug such as a low-molecular-weight drug is bound to an antibody that specifically binds to a disease-related molecule, such as those targeting cancer or autoimmune diseases.
• the antibody used in the antibody drug is not particularly limited, and any of polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, and fragments thereof (eg, Fab, F(ab)2, etc.) can be used.
• the class and subclass of immunoglobulin are not particularly limited.
• antibodies selected from an antibody library by phage display methods or the like may be used, and conventionally known antibodies can be used.
• low-molecular drugs include, but are not particularly limited to, synthetic chemical substances with a molecular weight of 500 or less, such as anticancer drugs.
• Nucleic acid medicines include, but are not particularly limited to, polynucleotides or oligonucleotides formed from DNA, RNA, or derivatives thereof.
• Polynucleotides can be single-stranded or double-stranded.
• a polynucleotide may be a protein-coding sequence or a non-coding sequence.
• Radioactive drugs include technetium ( 99m Tc), thallium ( 201 Tl), gallium ( 67 Ga), indium ( 111 In), fluorine ( 18 F), and the like. If a radioactive drug is used as the active molecule, the active molecule complex can be imaged by PET (positron emission tomography) or SPECT (single photon emission tomography).
• contrast agents examples include gadolinium, manganese, iron, and iodine.
• the active molecule complex can be imaged by MRI (nuclear magnetic resonance imaging).
• chromophore examples include fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC).
• the method for producing the single polymer particles of the present invention is not particularly limited, but examples include synthesis by polycondensation between amino acids and carboxylic acids, peptide solid phase synthesis, and the like. Among the syntheses by polycondensation between amino acids and carboxylic acids, a ring-opening polymerization reaction using ⁇ -amino acid-N-carboxylic anhydride as a raw material is preferred.
• the ring-opening polymerization reaction using ⁇ -amino acid-N-carboxylic anhydride as a raw material is characterized by including the following steps.
• (ii) A hydrophilic polymer is added to the reaction site of the hydrophilic polymer A.
• Step of Binding Polymer B By the method for producing single polymer particles of the present invention, particles with a more accurately controlled hydrodynamic diameter and a low molecular weight distribution can be easily produced. Furthermore, by more tightly controlling each step of the manufacturing method, the hydrodynamic diameter of the particles produced can be adjusted at a 1 nm pitch and single polymer particles with a wide range of molecular weights can be produced.
• Step (i) is a step of synthesizing a linear hydrophilic polymer A through a ring-opening polymerization reaction using ⁇ -amino acid-N-carboxy anhydride (also referred to as " ⁇ -amino acid-NCA") as a raw material.
• ⁇ -amino acid-N-carboxy anhydride also referred to as " ⁇ -amino acid-NCA”
• ⁇ -amino acid-N-carboxy anhydride or a derivative thereof is used.
• the functional group is preferably modified with a protecting group.
• Specific highly reactive functional groups include carboxyl groups and the like. Examples of raw materials having such a protecting group include benzyl ester of ⁇ -amino acid-N-carboxy anhydride.
• Step (ii) is a step of bonding the side chain of the hydrophilic polymer B to the reaction site of the main chain formed from the hydrophilic polymer A.
• reaction points are not particularly limited, but are preferably highly reactive functional groups, such as carboxyl groups and the like.
• the biological tissue imaging method of the present invention is characterized by using the above-described single polymer particle or active molecule complex of the present invention. Thereby, more detailed tissue structure information can be obtained by imaging the living tissue.
• the fine structure of the tissue can be visualized.
• information about the hydrodynamic diameter or size that can penetrate deep into the tissue can be obtained.
• more effective treatment can be achieved by using a drug with an appropriate hydrodynamic diameter or size, or by using a single polymer particle or active molecule complex to which the drug is attached. becomes.
• a plurality of single polymer particles or active molecule complexes having different sizes, ie, hydrodynamic diameters, are used.
• the fine structure of tumor tissue can be visualized. You can get information about size.
• more effective treatment of tumors can be achieved by using a drug with an appropriate hydrodynamic diameter or size, or by using a single polymeric particle or an active molecule complex bound with a drug for treatment. It becomes possible.
• the method for measuring the intratumor microstructure of the present invention is characterized by measuring the intratumor microstructure using a single polymer particle or an active molecule complex.
• the microstructure measurement method not only measures the size of the entire tumor, but also the microstructure within the tumor can be measured based on information on whether a single polymer can pass through or not. Furthermore, it becomes possible to select a drug with an appropriate hydrodynamic diameter or size according to the results and perform effective treatment.
• the drug delivery system of the present invention is characterized by transporting a single polymer particle or an active molecule complex to a desired location within a living body.
• living organisms have a mechanism that controls the dynamics of particles in the living body depending on the size of the particles taken in, for example, a mechanism that allows particles of a certain size or less to pass through and does not allow particles that exceed a certain size to pass.
• the drug delivery system of the present invention can accurately control the dynamics of the particle in the body depending on the purpose.
• the contrast agent kit of the invention is characterized in that it contains active molecule complexes of two or more different sizes, ie hydrodynamic diameters.
• active molecule complexes of two or more different sizes ie hydrodynamic diameters.
• Table 1 shows the raw materials used in the following examples. Note that among the raw materials, n-butylamine, N,N-dimethylformamide, and dichloromethane were used after distillation with calcium hydride.
• the entire NCA-BLA solution was added to the n-butylamine solution, and the mixture was stirred while being maintained at 35° C. for 5 days. All of the above reactions were performed under an argon atmosphere, and all organic solvents used were distilled before use. After the reaction, the reaction solution was dropped into 400 mL of diethyl ether to precipitate polyaspartic acid- ⁇ -benzyl (PBLA). Thereafter, the precipitate was collected by suction filtration and dried under reduced pressure. The molecular weight distribution of the obtained PBLA was analyzed by GPC, and the molecular weight and degree of polymerization were measured by NMR. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.
• reaction solution was put into a dialysis membrane (molecular weight cut off: 6,000-8,000), and as external liquids, pure water was used twice, 0.01M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added three times, and 0.01M hydrochloric acid was added three times.
• the mixture was dialyzed twice against pure water (2 hours or more each time), and lyophilized to obtain polyaspartic acid (PAsp(N 3 )) in which azide groups were partially introduced into the side chains.
• the introduction rate of azide groups in the obtained PAsp(N 3 ) was calculated by NMR. The results of the experiment are shown in Table 3.
• PAsp-g-PEGXX PAsp-g-PEGXX (XX is the molecular weight of PEG in the side chain).
• a fluorescent dye (sulfo-Cy5-DBCO) was introduced into each PAsp-g-PEG using the following procedure.
• PAsp-g-PEG was dissolved in pure water at a concentration of 25 mg/mL.
• Sulfo-Cy5-DBCO was dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 25 mg/mL, and 1 equivalent of sulfo-Cy5-DBCO was added to the azido group of the side chain of PAsp-g-PEG.
• the mixed solution was frozen at -20°C and thawed in a refrigerator at +4°C three times in total. Thereafter, in order to remove unreacted sulfo-Cy5-DBCO, it was purified using a PD-10 column and recovered by freeze-drying.
• the blood retention test results showed that polymers with a hydrodynamic diameter of 6 nm disappeared from the blood earlier, and polymers with a hydrodynamic diameter of 19 nm or more remained in the blood for a long time with a half-life of 4 days. It was confirmed that the
• Experiment 5 Evaluation of the biokinetics of single polymer particles in muscular dystrophy model mice Fluorescently labeled single polymer particles were intravenously administered to muscular dystrophy model mice, and their distribution in the body was evaluated 48 hours later. Particles having hydrodynamic diameters of 4, 10, 13, 15, and 22 nm synthesized in Experiment 4 were used as single polymer particles, and fluorescent labeling was performed in the same manner as in Experiments 1 and 2. In particular, a single polymer particle with a hydrodynamic diameter of 4 nm was evaluated as a model for nucleic acid medicine because it has a hydrodynamic diameter equivalent to that of siRNA. The results of the experiment are shown in FIG. 5 and Table 6.
• the relaxation ability can be significantly increased by 5.9 to 8.5 times compared to the magnescope currently used in clinical practice. Relaxation ability and an extremely high positive effect (r 1 /r 2 ) of 0.97 were obtained. By performing such appropriate molecular design, higher contrast can be obtained during imaging, and the same level of contrast can be obtained even with a smaller dose.
• Experiment 8 Acquisition of precise MRI images of cancer microstructure Using the single polymer particles supporting Gd complexes with a hydrodynamic diameter of 12 nm used in Experiment 6, we developed a patient-derived tumor (PDX) model (colorectal cancer subcutaneous transplant model). The contrast-enhancing effect of cancer was evaluated in mice). In the experiment, PDX was administered intravenously to colon cancer subcutaneously transplanted model mice, and the cancer imaging effect was evaluated 24 hours later.
• PDX patient-derived tumor
• compositions of the present invention can provide single polymer particles, active molecule complexes, methods for producing single polymer particles, and methods for imaging biological tissue whose hydrodynamic diameters are more accurately controlled.

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