WO2023195524A1 - 透過部材 - Google Patents

透過部材 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023195524A1
WO2023195524A1 PCT/JP2023/014268 JP2023014268W WO2023195524A1 WO 2023195524 A1 WO2023195524 A1 WO 2023195524A1 JP 2023014268 W JP2023014268 W JP 2023014268W WO 2023195524 A1 WO2023195524 A1 WO 2023195524A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refractive index
layer
light
less
base material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2023/014268
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
容二 安井
賢治 北岡
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AGC Inc
Original Assignee
Asahi Glass Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asahi Glass Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Glass Co Ltd
Priority to DE112023001830.8T priority Critical patent/DE112023001830T5/de
Priority to JP2024514317A priority patent/JPWO2023195524A1/ja
Publication of WO2023195524A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023195524A1/ja
Priority to US18/907,314 priority patent/US20250028101A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
    • G02B1/113—Anti-reflection coatings using inorganic layer materials only
    • G02B1/115—Multilayers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/26—Reflecting filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/28—Interference filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/28—Interference filters
    • G02B5/281—Interference filters designed for the infrared light
    • G02B5/282—Interference filters designed for the infrared light reflecting for infrared and transparent for visible light, e.g. heat reflectors, laser protection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
    • B60J3/007—Sunglare reduction by coatings, interposed foils in laminar windows, or permanent screens

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transparent member.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a multilayer antireflection film that has an antireflection effect on both visible light in a wavelength band of 0.4 ⁇ m to 0.7 ⁇ m and far infrared rays in a wavelength band of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a structure in which a high refractive index film and a low refractive index film are laminated in this order from the substrate side.
  • the outermost layer is a low refractive index film.
  • Scratch-resistant films such as ZrO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , and diamond-like carbon (DLC), which are known as highly hard films, all have a high refractive index of 1.8 or more. It is known that the transmission member of Patent Document 1, which has a low refractive index film as the outermost layer, is easily scratched.
  • the transmission member of Patent Document 2 has an outermost layer made of a high refractive index film and has excellent scratch resistance, it cannot transmit light in a plurality of wavelength bands.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a transmitting member that can improve scratch resistance while transmitting light in a plurality of wavelength bands.
  • a transmitting member includes a base material that transmits far infrared rays and a functional film formed on the base material, and has an average transmittance of 50% or more for light with a wavelength of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m, and The transmittance of light from a laser light source that emits light in the range of 0.8 ⁇ m to 1.8 ⁇ m is 80% or more, and the outermost layer of the functional film has a refractive index of 1.8 ⁇ m to 1.8 ⁇ m. It is 7 or more.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the vehicle glass according to the present embodiment is mounted on a vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the vehicle glass according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the BB section in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the transparent member according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the intermediate layer.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the intermediate layer.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing simulation results of visible and near-infrared transmission spectra of Examples 2 and 4.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing simulation results of visible and near-infrared transmission spectra of Examples 2 and 4.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing simulation results of visible and near-infrared reflection spectra of Examples 2 and 4.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing simulation results of far-infrared transmission spectra of Examples 2 and 4.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing simulation results of far-infrared reflection spectra of Examples 2 and 4.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the vehicle glass according to the present embodiment is mounted on a vehicle.
  • a vehicle glass 1 according to this embodiment is mounted on a vehicle V.
  • the vehicle glass 1 is a window member applied to a windshield of a vehicle V. That is, the vehicle glass 1 is used as a front window of the vehicle V, in other words, a windshield.
  • a far-infrared camera CA1 and a visible light camera CA2 are mounted inside the vehicle V (inside the vehicle).
  • the inside of the vehicle V vehicle interior refers to, for example, the interior of the vehicle in which the driver's seat is provided.
  • the vehicle glass 1, the far-infrared camera CA1, and the visible light camera CA2 constitute a camera unit 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • the far-infrared camera CA1 is a camera that detects far-infrared rays, and captures a thermal image of the outside of the vehicle V by detecting far-infrared rays from outside the vehicle V.
  • Visible light camera CA2 is a camera that detects visible light, and captures an image of the outside of vehicle V by detecting visible light from outside of vehicle V.
  • the camera unit 100 may further include, for example, LiDAR or millimeter wave radar in addition to the far-infrared camera CA1 and the visible light camera CA2.
  • the far infrared rays here are, for example, electromagnetic waves with a wavelength range of 8 ⁇ m to 13 ⁇ m
  • the visible light is, for example, electromagnetic waves with a wavelength range of 360 nm to 830 nm.
  • 8 ⁇ m to 13 ⁇ m and 360 nm to 830 nm herein refer to 8 ⁇ m or more and 13 ⁇ m or less, and 360 nm or more and 830 nm or less, and the same applies hereafter.
  • the far infrared rays may be electromagnetic waves having a wavelength range of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the vehicle glass according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the BB section in FIG.
  • the upper edge of the vehicle glass 1 will be referred to as an upper edge portion 1a
  • the lower edge will be referred to as a lower edge portion 1b
  • one side edge will be referred to as a side edge portion 1c
  • the other side edge will be referred to as a lower edge portion 1b.
  • the upper edge portion 1a is an edge portion located on the upper side in the vertical direction when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V.
  • the lower edge portion 1b is an edge portion located on the lower side in the vertical direction when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V.
  • the side edge portion 1c is an edge portion located on one side when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V.
  • the side edge portion 1d is an edge portion located on the other side when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V.
  • the direction from the upper edge 1a to the lower edge 1b will be referred to as the Y direction
  • the direction from the side edge 1c to the side edge 1d will be referred to as the X direction. do.
  • the X direction and the Y direction are orthogonal.
  • the direction perpendicular to the surface of the vehicle glass 1, that is, the thickness direction of the vehicle glass 1 is defined as the Z direction.
  • the Z direction is, for example, a direction from the outside of the vehicle V toward the inside of the vehicle V when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V.
  • the X direction and the Y direction are along the surface of the vehicle glass 1, but for example, if the surface of the vehicle glass 1 is a curved surface, the direction is the direction that touches the surface of the vehicle glass 1 at the center point O of the vehicle glass 1. It may be.
  • the center point O is the center position of the vehicle glass 1 when the vehicle glass 1 is viewed from the Z direction.
  • a light-transmitting area A1 and a light-blocking area A2 are formed in the vehicle glass 1.
  • the light-transmitting area A1 is an area occupying the center portion of the vehicle glass 1 when viewed from the Z direction.
  • the light-transmitting area A1 is an area for ensuring the driver's field of view.
  • the light-transmitting area A1 is an area that transmits visible light.
  • the light-blocking area A2 is an area formed around the light-transmitting area A1 when viewed from the Z direction.
  • the light blocking area A2 is an area that blocks visible light.
  • a far-infrared transmitting region B and a visible light transmitting region C are formed in the light-shielding region A2a, which is a portion on the upper edge 1a side of the light-shielding region A2.
  • the far-infrared transmission area B is an area that transmits far-infrared rays, and is an area where the far-infrared camera CA1 is provided. That is, far-infrared camera CA1 is provided at a position overlapping with far-infrared transmission region B when viewed from the optical axis direction of far-infrared camera CA1.
  • the visible light transmission area C is an area that transmits visible light, and is an area where the visible light camera CA2 is provided. That is, the visible light camera CA2 is provided at a position overlapping the visible light transmission area C when viewed from the optical axis direction of the visible light camera CA2.
  • the light shielding area A2 has the far infrared transmitting region B and the visible light transmitting region C, so the light shielding region A2 does not transmit far infrared rays in areas other than the region where the far infrared transmitting region B is formed. Visible light is blocked in areas other than the area where the visible light transmission area C is formed.
  • a light-shielding area A2a is formed around the far-infrared transmission area B and the visible light transmission area C. Providing the light shielding area A2a around the sensor in this manner is preferable because the various sensors are protected from sunlight. This is also preferable from the standpoint of design, since the wiring for the various sensors cannot be seen from outside the vehicle.
  • the vehicle glass 1 includes a glass substrate 12 (first glass substrate), a glass substrate 14 (second glass substrate), an intermediate film 16, and a light shielding layer 18.
  • a glass substrate 12 first glass substrate
  • a glass substrate 14 second glass substrate
  • an intermediate film 16 and a light shielding layer 18.
  • a glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 are fixed (adhered) to each other with an intermediate film 16 interposed therebetween.
  • the glass substrates 12 and 14 for example, soda lime glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, etc. can be used.
  • the intermediate film 16 is an adhesive layer that adheres the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14.
  • the intermediate film 16 for example, polyvinyl butyral (hereinafter also referred to as PVB) modified material, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) material, urethane resin material, vinyl chloride resin material, etc. can be used.
  • the glass substrate 12 includes one surface 12A and the other surface 12B, and the other surface 12B is in contact with one surface 16A of the intermediate film 16 and fixed (adhesive) to the intermediate film 16. ) has been done.
  • the glass substrate 14 includes one surface 14A and the other surface 14B, and the one surface 14A is in contact with the other surface 16B of the intermediate film 16 and is fixed (adhered) to the intermediate film 16. .
  • the vehicle glass 1 is a laminated glass in which the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 are laminated.
  • the vehicle glass 1 is not limited to laminated glass, and may include, for example, only one of the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14.
  • the intermediate film 16 may not be provided either.
  • the glass substrates 12 and 14 are not distinguished, they will be referred to as the glass substrate 10.
  • the light shielding layer 18 includes one surface 18A and the other surface 18B, and the one surface 18A is fixed in contact with the other surface 14B of the glass substrate 14.
  • the light blocking layer 18 is a layer that blocks visible light.
  • a ceramic light-shielding layer or a light-shielding film can be used as the light-shielding layer.
  • a ceramic layer made of a conventionally known material such as a black ceramic layer can be used.
  • the light-shielding film for example, a light-shielding polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a light-shielding polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film, a light-shielding polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film, etc. can be used.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEN light-shielding polyethylene naphthalate
  • PMMA light-shielding polymethyl methacrylate
  • the side of the vehicle glass 1 on which the light shielding layer 18 is provided is the inside side of the vehicle V (inside the vehicle), and the side on which the glass base 12 is provided is the outside side of the vehicle V (outside the vehicle).
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the light shielding layer 18 may be provided on the outside of the vehicle V.
  • the light shielding layer 18 may be formed between the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14.
  • the light-shielding region A2 is formed by providing the light-shielding layer 18 on the glass substrate 10. That is, the light-shielding region A2 is a region where the glass substrate 10 is provided with the light-shielding layer 18. That is, the light-shielding region A2 is a region in which the glass substrate 12, the intermediate film 16, the glass substrate 14, and the light-shielding layer 18 are laminated.
  • the light-transmitting region A1 is a region in which the glass substrate 10 does not include the light-shielding layer 18. That is, the light-transmitting area A1 is an area where the glass substrate 12, the intermediate film 16, and the glass substrate 14 are laminated, but the light-blocking layer 18 is not laminated.
  • the vehicle glass 1 is formed with an opening 19 that penetrates from one surface (here, surface 12A) to the other surface (here, surface 14B) in the Z direction.
  • a transparent member 20 is provided within the opening 19 .
  • the region where the opening 19 is formed and the transmitting member 20 is provided is a far-infrared transmitting region B. That is, the far-infrared transmitting region B is a region in which the opening 19 and the transmitting member 20 disposed within the opening 19 are provided. Since the light shielding layer 18 does not transmit far infrared rays, the light shielding layer 18 is not provided in the far infrared transmitting region B. That is, in the far-infrared transmission region B, the glass substrate 12, the intermediate film 16, the glass substrate 14, and the light shielding layer 18 are not provided, and the transmission member 20 is provided in the opening 19 formed.
  • the transparent member 20 will be described later.
  • the visible light transmitting region C is a region in which the glass substrate 10 does not include the light shielding layer 18 in the Z direction, similarly to the light transmitting region A1. That is, the visible light transmitting region C is a region where the glass substrate 12, the intermediate film 16, and the glass substrate 14 are laminated, but the light shielding layer 18 is not laminated.
  • the visible light transmitting region C is preferably provided near the far infrared transmitting region B.
  • the center of the far-infrared transmission region B viewed from the Z direction is defined as a center point OB
  • the center of the visible light transmission region C viewed from the Z direction is defined as a center point OC.
  • the distance L is preferably greater than 0 mm and less than 100 mm. , more preferably 10 mm or more and 80 mm or less.
  • the visible light transmitting region C By locating the visible light transmitting region C within this range relative to the far infrared transmitting region B, it is possible to capture images at close positions with the far infrared camera CA1 and the visible light camera CA2, while also allowing the visible light transmitting region C to The amount of perspective distortion in the light transmission region C can be suppressed, and images can be appropriately captured by the visible light camera CA2.
  • the load when processing the data obtained from each camera is reduced, and the routing of power and signal cables is also made easier. Become.
  • the visible light transmitting region C and the far infrared transmitting region B are preferably located side by side in the X direction. That is, it is preferable that the visible light transmitting region C is not located on the Y direction side of the far infrared transmitting region B, but is aligned with the far infrared transmitting region B in the X direction.
  • the visible light transmitting region C can be arranged near the upper edge portion 1a. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately secure the driver's field of view in the transparent area A1.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the transparent member according to this embodiment.
  • the transparent member 20 includes a base material 30, a first functional film 32 as a functional film formed on the base material 30, and a second functional film 40 formed on the base material 30. have.
  • the first functional film 32 is formed on one surface 30a side of the base material 30.
  • the surface 30a is a surface that faces the outside of the vehicle when mounted on the vehicle glass 1.
  • the second functional film 40 is formed on the other surface 30b side of the base material 30.
  • the surface 30b is a surface facing the inside of the vehicle when mounted on the vehicle glass 1.
  • the second functional film 40 is not an essential component, and no layer other than the base material 30 may be provided on the surface 30b.
  • the transparent member 20 is provided in the light-shielding area A2 of the vehicle glass 1, which is a window member of the vehicle V, but is not limited thereto, and is provided in a light shielding area A2 of the vehicle V, such as an exterior member for a pillar of the vehicle V. It may be provided on any exterior member. Further, a sensor for detecting light in a wavelength range of 0.8 ⁇ m to 1.8 ⁇ m is provided on the inside of the vehicle V than the vehicle glass 1, and an opening is provided in the vehicle glass 1 at a position facing this sensor. may be formed, and the transparent member 20 may be provided in the opening.
  • near-infrared light Light in the wavelength range of 0.8 ⁇ m to 1.8 ⁇ m is hereinafter appropriately referred to as near-infrared light.
  • sensors that detect near-infrared light in the wavelength range of 0.8 ⁇ m to 1.8 ⁇ m include LiDAR that uses near-infrared light.
  • an opening may be formed in the vehicle glass 1 at a position facing the visible light camera CA2, and the transmitting member 20 may be provided in the opening.
  • the transmission member 20 is inserted into the opening provided in the vehicle glass 1 at a position facing a sensor (far-infrared camera CA1) that detects light in the wavelength range of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m, and At least the inside of the opening provided at a position facing the sensor that detects light with a wavelength of 360 nm to 830 nm (visible light camera CA2) It can be said that it is good to have one.
  • the transparent member 20 is not limited to being provided in the vehicle V, and may be used for any purpose.
  • Single wavelength light can be said to be light with a predetermined wavelength (single wavelength) within the wavelength range of 0.8 ⁇ m to 1.8 ⁇ m.
  • Examples of the wavelength of the single wavelength light include 0.905 ⁇ m (905 nm), 1.35 ⁇ m (1350 nm), and 1.55 ⁇ m (1550 nm).
  • the base material 30 is preferably a member that can transmit far infrared rays.
  • the base material 30 preferably has an internal transmittance of 50% or more, more preferably 60% or more, and even more preferably 70% or more for light with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m (far infrared rays). Further, the average internal transmittance of the base material 30 for light with a wavelength of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 60% or more, and even more preferably 70% or more.
  • the internal transmittance of the base material 30 at 10 ⁇ m and the average internal transmittance at 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m fall within this numerical range, far infrared rays can be transmitted appropriately, and the performance of, for example, the far infrared camera CA1 can be fully demonstrated.
  • the average internal transmittance here is the average value of the internal transmittance for light of each wavelength in the wavelength band (here, from 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m).
  • the base material 30 is preferably a member that can transmit near-infrared rays.
  • the internal transmittance of the base material 30 for single wavelength light is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and even more preferably 95% or more. By adjusting the material of the base material 30 and the thickness of the base material 30, the internal transmittance can be appropriately adjusted.
  • the internal transmittance of the base material 30 is the transmittance excluding surface reflection loss on the incident side and the exit side, and is well known in the technical field, and may be measured by a commonly used method. The measurement is performed, for example, as follows.
  • a pair of flat samples (a first sample and a second sample) made of base materials of the same composition and having different thicknesses are prepared. Both surfaces of the flat sample are parallel to each other and optically polished.
  • the external transmittance including the surface reflection loss of the first sample is T1
  • the external transmittance including the surface reflection loss of the second sample is T2
  • the thickness of the first sample is Td1 (mm)
  • the thickness of the second sample is Td2 (mm)
  • Td1 ⁇ Td2 the internal transmittance ⁇ at the thickness Tdx (mm) can be calculated by the following equation (1).
  • the external transmittance of infrared rays can be measured using, for example, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (manufactured by Thermo Scientific, trade name: Nicolet iS10).
  • the refractive index of the base material 30 for light with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m is preferably 1.5 or more and 4.0 or less, more preferably 2.0 or more and 4.0 or less, and 2.2 or more and 3.5 It is more preferable that it is the following. Further, the average refractive index of the base material 30 for light with a wavelength of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m is preferably 1.5 or more and 4.0 or less, more preferably 2.0 or more and 4.0 or less, and 2. More preferably, it is 2 or more and 3.5 or less.
  • the average refractive index is the average value of the refractive index for light of each wavelength in the wavelength band (8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m here).
  • the refractive index can be determined using, for example, polarization information obtained by an infrared spectroscopic ellipsometer (manufactured by J.A. Woollam Co., Ltd., IR-VASE-UT) and a spectral transmission spectrum obtained by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. This can be determined by fitting the model.
  • the refractive index of the base material 30 for single wavelength light is preferably 1.8 or more and 4.2 or less, more preferably 2.0 or more and 3.6 or less, and 2.1 or more and 3.6 or less. It is more preferable that When the refractive index of the base material 30 falls within this numerical range, single-wavelength light can be appropriately transmitted, and the performance of a sensor that detects, for example, near-infrared rays can be fully exhibited.
  • the thickness D1 of the base material 30 is preferably 0.5 mm or more and 5 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or more and 4 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.5 mm or more and 3 mm or less.
  • the thickness D1 can also be said to be the length in the Z direction from the surface 30a to the surface 30b of the base material 30.
  • the material of the base material 30 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Si, Ge, ZnS, and chalcogenide glass. It can be said that it is preferable that the base material 30 contains at least one material selected from the group of Si, Ge, ZnS, and chalcogenide glass. By using such a material for the base material 30, far infrared rays and single wavelength light can be appropriately transmitted.
  • the preferred composition of chalcogenide glass is: In atomic percent, Ge+Ga; 7% to 25%, Sb; 0% to 35%, Bi; 0% to 20%, Zn; 0% to 20%, Sn: 0% to 20%, Si; 0% to 20%, La: 0% to 20%, S+Se+Te; 55% to 80%, Ti; 0.005% to 0.3%, Li + Na + K + Cs; 0% to 20%, F+Cl+Br+I; composition containing 0% to 20%.
  • This glass preferably has a glass transition point (Tg) of 140°C to 550°C.
  • the material for the base material 30 it is more preferable to use Si or ZnS.
  • the first functional film 32 is formed on the vehicle outer surface 30a of the base material 30.
  • the first functional film 32 is an antireflection film for far infrared rays and single wavelength light.
  • the first functional membrane 32 includes an outermost layer 34, a contact layer 36, and an intermediate layer 38.
  • the outermost layer 34 is a layer provided at the part of the first functional film 32 that is farthest from the base material 30, that is, in this embodiment, the furthest outside of the vehicle. In other words, the outermost layer 34 is the outermost layer (in this embodiment, the outermost layer of the vehicle) of the transparent member 20 and is exposed to the outside.
  • the contact layer 36 is a layer provided in the first functional film 32 closer to the base material 30 than the outermost layer 34 (in this embodiment, closer to the vehicle than the outermost layer 34), and is provided closer to the base material than the outermost layer 34. This layer is in contact with the outermost layer 34 on the 30 side. That is, the contact layer 36 is a layer provided in the first functional film 32 at the second furthest position from the base material 30 (in this embodiment, the second position counting from the outside of the vehicle). .
  • the intermediate layer 38 is a layer provided in the first functional film 32 closer to the base material 30 than the outermost layer 34 (in this embodiment, closer to the vehicle inner side than the outermost layer 34). That is, the intermediate layer 38 is provided between the base material 30 and the outermost layer 34.
  • the intermediate layer 38 is provided closer to the base material 30 than the contact layer 36 in the first functional film 32, and is provided between the base material 30 and the contact layer 36. It can be said that there are.
  • the first functional film 32 may not include at least one of the contact layer 36 and the intermediate layer 38. That is, the first functional film 32 may include only the outermost layer 34, only the outermost layer 34 and the contact layer 36, or may include only the outermost layer 34 and the contact layer 36, among the outermost layer 34, the contact layer 36, and the intermediate layer 38. It may also include only an outer layer 34 and an intermediate layer 38.
  • the average refractive index of the first functional film 32 for light with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m is preferably close to the square root of the refractive index of the base material 30 for light with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1.3 or more and 2.5 or less. , more preferably 1.4 or more and 2.2 or less, particularly preferably 1.45 or more and 2.00 or less, and most preferably 1.53 or more and 1.90 or less.
  • the average refractive index of the first functional film 32 falls within this numerical range, far infrared rays can be appropriately transmitted.
  • the outermost layer 34 has a refractive index for single wavelength light of 1.7 or more, preferably 1.7 or more and 4.2 or less, more preferably 1.8 or more and 3.6 or less, and 1. It is more preferably .9 or more and 2.5 or less, even more preferably 2.0 or more and 2.4 or less, and particularly preferably 2.0 or more and less than 2.4.
  • the wavelength of the single wavelength light is 905 nm, 1350 nm, or 1550 nm, so the outermost layer 34 has a refractive index for at least one light of 905 nm, 1350 nm, and 1550 nm within the above range. This can be said to be preferable.
  • Other characteristics for single wavelength light hereinafter may also refer to characteristics for at least one light of 905 nm, 1350 nm, and 1550 nm.
  • the outermost layer 34 is preferably capable of transmitting far infrared rays.
  • the outermost layer 34 preferably has an extinction coefficient of 0.10 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.04 or less for light with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m.
  • the extinction coefficient is determined using, for example, polarization information obtained by an infrared spectroscopic ellipsometer (manufactured by J.A. Woollam Co., Ltd., IR-VASE-UT) and a spectral transmission spectrum obtained by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. This can be determined by fitting an optical model.
  • the outermost layer 34 is preferably capable of transmitting single wavelength light.
  • the extinction coefficient of the outermost layer 34 for single wavelength light is preferably 0.10 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.04 or less.
  • the thickness D2 of the outermost layer 34 is preferably 20 nm or more, more preferably 30 nm or more and 500 nm or less, even more preferably 50 nm or more and 400 nm or less, and most preferably 100 nm or more and 350 nm or less. Note that the thickness D2 can also be said to be the length in the Z direction from the surface of the outermost layer 34 on the Z direction side to the surface on the opposite side to the Z direction. Further, the ratio of the thickness D2 of the outermost layer 34 to the thickness D1 of the base material 30 is preferably 0.0005% or more and 0.030% or less, and preferably 0.001% or more and 0.020% or less. More preferably, it is 0.002% or more and 0.02% or less.
  • the ratio of the thickness D2 of the outermost layer 34 to the thickness D4 of the first functional film 32 is preferably 1% or more and 30% or less, more preferably 3% or more and 25% or less, and 5% or more. Most preferably, it is 25% or less.
  • the thickness D4 of the first functional film 32 can also be said to be the length in the Z direction from the surface of the first functional film 32 on the Z direction side to the surface on the opposite side to the Z direction. When the thickness D2 is within this range, it is possible to appropriately transmit far-infrared rays and single wavelength light, and to appropriately improve scratch resistance.
  • the surface of the outermost layer 34 on the side opposite to the base material 30 is defined as a surface 34a.
  • the surface 34a is the surface exposed to the outside, and in this embodiment can be said to be the surface on the outside of the vehicle.
  • the arithmetic mean roughness Ra (surface roughness) of the surface 34a of the outermost layer 34 is preferably 7.0 nm or less, more preferably 5.0 nm or less, and 4.0 nm or less. is more preferable, and most preferably 3.0 nm or less.
  • the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface 34a falls within this range, it is possible to reduce the dynamic friction coefficient and the change in surface roughness before and after scratching, and to improve the scratch resistance more appropriately.
  • the arithmetic mean roughness Ra refers to the arithmetic mean roughness Ra specified in JIS B 0601:2001.
  • the outermost layer 34 may be made of any material, but preferably contains ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , NiO, Si 3 N 4 , or DLC as a main component, and contains ZrO 2 as a main component. It is more preferable.
  • the main component here may refer to the content of the outermost layer 34 as a whole to be 50% by mass or more.
  • the outermost layer 34 has a main component content of 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, preferably 70% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and 90% by mass or more, based on the entire outermost layer 34. More preferably, it is 100% by mass or less.
  • the outermost layer 34 has a main component alone, that is, the content of the main component is 100% by mass excluding inevitable impurities.
  • the outermost layer 34 can appropriately transmit far-infrared rays and single-wavelength light, and can improve scratch resistance.
  • the outermost layer 34 may contain a subcomponent that is a component other than the main component.
  • the subcomponent is preferably an oxide that transmits far infrared rays and single wavelength light, and includes at least one of NiO, Y 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , TiO 2 , ZnO, MgO, and Al 2 O 3 .
  • the refractive index of the contact layer 36 for single wavelength light is lower than the refractive index of the outermost layer 34 for single wavelength light. Further, it is preferable that the refractive index of the contact layer 36 for single wavelength light is equal to or less than the square root of the refractive index of the base material 30 for single wavelength light. That is, it can be said that the outermost layer 34 functions as a high refractive index film, and the contact layer 36 functions as a low refractive index film.
  • the ratio of the refractive index for single wavelength light of the contact layer 36 to the refractive index for single wavelength light of the outermost layer 34 is preferably 1 or less, more preferably 0.5 or more and 1 or less, and 0.6.
  • the refractive index of the contact layer 36 for single wavelength light is preferably 1.7 or less, more preferably 1.0 or more and 1.5 or less, and 1.1 or more and 1.4 or less. More preferred. When the refractive index of the contact layer 36 falls within this numerical range, single wavelength light can be appropriately transmitted.
  • the contact layer 36 is capable of transmitting far infrared rays.
  • the extinction coefficient of the contact layer 36 for light with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m is preferably 0.10 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.04 or less.
  • the contact layer 36 is preferably capable of transmitting single wavelength light.
  • the extinction coefficient of the contact layer 36 for single wavelength light is preferably 0.10 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.04 or less.
  • the thickness D3 of the contact layer 36 is preferably 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or more and 400 nm or less, and even more preferably 70 nm or more and 300 nm or less. Note that the thickness D3 can also be said to be the length in the Z direction from the surface of the contact layer 36 on the Z direction side to the surface on the opposite side to the Z direction.
  • the ratio of the thickness D3 of the contact layer 36 to the thickness D2 of the outermost layer 34 is preferably 0.5 or more and 10 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 6 or less, and 1.2 or more and 3 or less. It is even more preferable that there be. When the thickness D2 is within this range, far infrared rays and single wavelength light can be appropriately transmitted.
  • the contact layer 36 may be made of any material, but preferably contains MgF 2 , YF 3 or YbF 3 as a main component, and more preferably contains MgF 2 as a main component.
  • the contact layer 36 has a main component content of 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, preferably 70% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and 90% by mass or more, based on the entire contact layer 36. More preferably, it is 100% by mass or less. Further, it is preferable that the content of the main component of the contact layer 36 is 100% by mass, excluding inevitable impurities.
  • the contact layer 36 can appropriately transmit far-infrared rays and single-wavelength light when the content of the main components is within this range.
  • the transmitting member 20 has a low refractive index layer and a high refractive index layer laminated in this order on the outermost side, and the outermost layer 34 is a high refractive index layer, so that single wavelength light can be properly transmitted.
  • the outermost layer 34 By making the outermost layer 34 a dense high refractive index layer, it is possible to improve the scratch resistance.
  • each film of the two-layer antireflection film which is composed of two transparent films with arbitrary refractive indices, can be calculated using equations (2) and (3).
  • n 0 is the refractive index of the medium
  • n s is the refractive index of the base material
  • n 1 is the refractive index of the outer film
  • n 2 is the refractive index of the inner film
  • ⁇ 1 is the refractive index of the inner film.
  • the outer phase film thickness, ⁇ 2 is the inner phase film thickness.
  • the intermediate layer 38 is capable of transmitting far infrared rays and single wavelength light.
  • the intermediate layer 38 includes a high refractive index layer 38A and a low refractive index layer 38B.
  • high refractive index layers 38A and low refractive index layers 38B are alternately laminated.
  • the intermediate layer 38 is laminated on the base material 30 in the order of a high refractive index layer 38A and a low refractive index layer 38B in a direction away from the base material 30. That is, in the intermediate layer 38, the layer formed closest to the base material 30 is the high refractive index layer 38A, and the layer furthest from the base material 30 is the low refractive index layer 38B.
  • the laminated structure of the intermediate layer 38 is not limited to that shown in FIG. 6, and as shown in FIG. may have been done. That is, in the intermediate layer 38, the layer formed closest to the base material 30 may be the low refractive index layer 38B, and the layer furthest from the base material 30 may be the high refractive index layer 38A.
  • the intermediate layer 38 has a structure in which one high refractive index layer 38A and one low refractive index layer 38B are laminated.
  • the number of laminated high refractive index layers 38A and low refractive index layers 38B is not limited to one, and may be multiple. That is, if the pair of high refractive index layers 38A and low refractive index layers 38B that are in contact with each other form a laminate, the number of laminates may be arbitrary.
  • the intermediate layer 38 is not limited to the structure in which the high refractive index layer 38A and the low refractive index layer 38B are laminated, and may have, for example, at least one or more low refractive index layer 38B. That is, the intermediate layer 38 may be a single layer film consisting of one low refractive index layer 38B, but is preferably a multilayer film in which a high refractive index layer 38A and a low refractive index layer 38B are laminated.
  • the high refractive index layer 38A preferably has a refractive index for single wavelength light of 1.5 or more, more preferably 1.5 or more and 4.2 or less, and 1.6 or more and 3.6 or less. It is more preferably 1.7 or more and 2.5 or less. When the refractive index of the high refractive index layer 38A falls within this numerical range, single wavelength light can be appropriately transmitted.
  • the high refractive index layer 38A is preferably capable of transmitting far infrared rays.
  • the extinction coefficient of the high refractive index layer 38A for light with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m is preferably 0.10 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.04 or less.
  • the high refractive index layer 38A is preferably capable of transmitting single wavelength light.
  • the extinction coefficient of the high refractive index layer 38A for single wavelength light is preferably 0.10 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.04 or less.
  • the thickness D5 of the high refractive index layer 38A is preferably 50 nm or more and 400 nm or less, more preferably 70 nm or more and 300 nm or less, and even more preferably 70 nm or more and 250 nm or less. Note that the thickness D5 can also be said to be the length in the Z direction from the surface of the high refractive index layer 38A on the Z direction side to the surface on the opposite side to the Z direction. Further, in the case of a configuration in which the high refractive index layer 38A and the low refractive index layer 38B are laminated in this order as shown in FIG.
  • the ratio of the thickness D5 of the high refractive index layer 38A to the thickness D6 of the low refractive index layer 38B is preferably 10% or more and 150% or less, more preferably 10% or more and 100% or less, and even more preferably 20% or more and 70% or less.
  • the ratio of the thickness D5 of the high refractive index layer 38A to the thickness D6 of the low refractive index layer 38B is preferably 5% or more and 100% or less, more preferably 10% or more and 70% or less, and even more preferably 15% or more and 50% or less.
  • the high refractive index layer 38A may be made of any material, such as Ge, Si, ZnS, Y2O3 , HfO2 , TiO2 , ZnO, MgO, Al2O3 , Si3N . 4 or DLC as the main component, and more preferably MgO as the main component.
  • the content of the main components in the high refractive index layer 38A is preferably 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and preferably 70% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, based on the entire high refractive index layer 38A. More preferably, it is 90% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less.
  • the high refractive index layer 38A has a main component alone, that is, the content of the main component is 100% by mass excluding inevitable impurities.
  • the high refractive index layer 38A can appropriately transmit far infrared rays and single wavelength light when the content of the main components is within this range.
  • the high refractive index layer 38A may include a subcomponent other than the main component.
  • the subcomponent is preferably an oxide that transmits far infrared rays and single wavelength light, and includes at least one of NiO, Y 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , TiO 2 , ZnO, MgO, and Al 2 O 3 .
  • the low refractive index layer 38B has a lower refractive index for single wavelength light than the refractive index of the high refractive index layer 38A for single wavelength light.
  • the ratio of the refractive index for single wavelength light of the low refractive index layer 38B to the refractive index for single wavelength light of the high refractive index layer 38A is preferably 30% or more and 100% or less, and preferably 50% or more and 90% or less. More preferably, it is 60% or more and 80% or less.
  • the low refractive index layer 38B preferably has a refractive index for single wavelength light of 1.3 or more, more preferably 1.3 or more and 1.6 or less, and 1.3 or more and 1.5 or less. It is more preferably 1.3 or more and 1.45 or less. When the refractive index of the low refractive index layer 38B falls within this numerical range, single wavelength light can be appropriately transmitted.
  • the low refractive index layer 38B is capable of transmitting far infrared rays.
  • the extinction coefficient of the low refractive index layer 38B for light with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m is preferably 0.10 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.04 or less.
  • the low refractive index layer 38B is preferably capable of transmitting single wavelength light.
  • the extinction coefficient of the low refractive index layer 38B for single wavelength light is preferably 0.10 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.04 or less.
  • the thickness D6 of the low refractive index layer 38B is preferably 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less, more preferably 80 nm or more and 450 nm or less, and even more preferably 100 nm or more and 400 nm or less. Note that the thickness D6 can also be said to be the length in the Z direction from the surface of the low refractive index layer 38B on the Z direction side to the surface on the opposite side to the Z direction. When the thickness D6 is within this range, far infrared rays can be appropriately transmitted.
  • the low refractive index layer 38B may be made of any material, but preferably contains MgF 2 , YF 3 , or YbF 3 as a main component, and more preferably contains MgF 2 as a main component. .
  • the content of the main components in the low refractive index layer 38B is preferably 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and preferably 70% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, based on the entire low refractive index layer 38B. More preferably, it is 90% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less. Further, it is preferable that the low refractive index layer 38B has a main component alone, that is, the content of the main component is 100% by mass excluding inevitable impurities.
  • the low refractive index layer 38B can appropriately transmit far infrared rays and single wavelength light when the content of the main components is within this range.
  • the low refractive index layer 38B may contain a subcomponent that is a component other than the main component.
  • the subcomponent is preferably an oxide that transmits far infrared rays and single wavelength light, such as MgO.
  • the second functional film 40 provided on the vehicle-inside surface 30b of the base material 30 is a layer that transmits far infrared rays and single wavelength light.
  • the second functional film 40 may have the same configuration as the intermediate layer 38.
  • an adhesion layer (not shown) may be formed between the intermediate layer 38 and the base material 30.
  • the adhesive film is a film that brings the base material 30 and the intermediate layer 38 into close contact with each other, or in other words, it is a film that improves the adhesive force between the base material 30 and the intermediate layer 38.
  • the adhesion layer preferably has a refractive index for single wavelength light of 1.4 or more, more preferably 1.4 or more and 3.6 or less, and still more preferably 2.0 or more and 2.4 or less. preferable.
  • the adhesion layer preferably has a refractive index for light with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m of 1.4 or more, more preferably 1.4 or more and 3.6 or less, and 1.6 or more and 2.2 or less. More preferred. When the refractive index of the adhesive layer falls within this numerical range, far infrared rays and single wavelength light can be appropriately transmitted.
  • the adhesive layer is capable of transmitting far infrared rays.
  • the extinction coefficient of the adhesive layer for light with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m is preferably 0.10 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.04 or less. It is preferable that the adhesive layer is capable of transmitting single wavelength light.
  • the extinction coefficient of the adhesion layer for single wavelength light is preferably 0.10 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.04 or less.
  • the thickness of the adhesive film is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 0.5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 0.3 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 0.1 ⁇ m or less. preferable.
  • the thickness of the adhesive film can also be said to be the length in the Z direction from the surface of the adhesive film on the Z direction side to the surface on the opposite side to the Z direction.
  • the thickness of the adhesive film is preferably thinner than the thickness of the intermediate layer 38, the contact layer 36, and the outermost layer 34. Since the thickness of the adhesive film is thinner than the thickness of these layers, the influence on optical performance can be reduced.
  • the adhesive film may be made of any material, for example, from the group of Si, Ge, MgO, NiO x , CuO x , ZnS, Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZnO, and Bi 2 O 3 It is preferable that it contains at least one selected material, and it is more preferable that it contains ZrO 2 . By using such a material, the adhesive film can properly adhere the base material 30 and the intermediate layer 38.
  • the transparent member 20 includes the first functional film 32 having the outermost layer 34 formed on the surface 30a of the base material 30.
  • the transmitting member 20 can appropriately transmit single wavelength light and far infrared rays, and can appropriately improve scratch resistance.
  • the transmittance of the transmitting member 20 for light at 10 ⁇ m is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 65% or more, and even more preferably 70% or more. Further, the transmitting member 20 has an average transmittance of 50% or more, more preferably 65% or more, and even more preferably 70% or more for light having a wavelength of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m. When the transmittance and average transmittance are within this range, far infrared rays can be transmitted appropriately.
  • the transmission member 20 has a single wavelength light transmittance of 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, even more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 95% or more. When the transmittance falls within this range, single wavelength light can be appropriately transmitted.
  • the transmitting member 20 preferably has a reflectance of 10 ⁇ m light of 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less, and even more preferably 5% or less. Further, the average reflectance of the transmitting member 20 for light having a wavelength of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less, and even more preferably 5% or less. When the reflectance and average reflectance are within this range, far infrared rays can be transmitted appropriately. Note that the average reflectance is the average value of the reflectance for light of each wavelength in the wavelength band (here, 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m). The reflectance can be measured, for example, with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Nicolet iS10, manufactured by Thermo Scientific).
  • the transmitting member 20 preferably has a reflectance of single wavelength light of 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, even more preferably 2% or less, and most preferably 1% or less. preferable. When the reflectance falls within this range, single wavelength light can be appropriately transmitted.
  • the transparent member 20 preferably has an indentation hardness of 9.0 GPa or more, and preferably 10.0 GPa or more at an indentation depth of 90 to 110 nm on the vehicle outer surface 20A (i.e., the surface 34a of the outermost layer 34). It is more preferably at least 11.0 GPa, even more preferably at least 12.0 GPa, and most preferably at least 13.0 GPa. When the indentation hardness of the surface 20A falls within this range, the scratch resistance can be appropriately improved.
  • the indentation hardness of the surface 20A is the indentation hardness in the indentation depth range of 90 nm to 110 nm, measured by the nanoindentation method (continuous stiffness measurement method) using a nanoindenter.
  • indentation hardness is a value determined from a displacement-load curve from loading to unloading of a measuring indenter, and is defined in ISO 14577. Indentation hardness can be measured as follows. Specifically, using a KLA iMicro type nanoindenter, the indentation depth h (nm) corresponding to the indentation load P (mN) was continuously measured over the entire process from the start of loading to unloading at the measurement location. and create a Ph curve. Then, from the created Ph curve, the indentation hardness H (GPa) is calculated as shown in the following equation (4).
  • the indentation hardness H in the section of indentation depth of 90 nm or more and 110 nm or less is defined as the indentation hardness of the surface 20A. That is, in this embodiment, it is preferable that the indentation hardness H satisfies the above range in the entire range of indentation depth of 90 nm or more and 110 nm or less.
  • the transmissive member 20 has an outer surface 20A formed flush with (continuously with) the outer surface of the light shielding area A2.
  • the vehicle outer surface 20A of the transparent member 20 is attached so as to be continuous with the surface 12A of the glass base 12. Since the surface 20A of the transparent member 20 is continuous with the surface 12A of the glass substrate 12 in this way, it is possible to suppress the wiping effect of the wiper from being impaired. Further, it is possible to suppress the possibility that the design of the vehicle V is impaired due to the difference in level, and that dust or the like accumulates on the difference in level.
  • the transparent member 20 is formed to match the curved shape of the vehicle glass 1 to which it is applied.
  • the method of forming the transparent member 20 is not particularly limited, but polishing or molding is selected depending on the curved shape and the member.
  • the shape of the transparent member 20 is not particularly limited, it is preferably a plate-like shape that matches the shape of the opening 19. That is, for example, when the opening 19 is circular, the transparent member 20 is preferably disk-shaped (cylindrical). Further, from the viewpoint of design, the surface shape of the transparent member 20 on the outside of the vehicle may be processed to match the curvature of the outer surface shape of the glass substrate 12. Furthermore, the transparent member 20 may be formed into a lens shape in order to both widen the viewing angle of the far-infrared camera CA1 and improve mechanical properties. Such a configuration is preferable because far-infrared light can be efficiently focused even if the area of the transmitting member 20 is small.
  • the number of lens-shaped transparent members 20 is preferably 1 to 3, and typically 2. Furthermore, it is particularly preferable that the lens-shaped transparent member 20 is aligned in advance and made into a module, and is integrated with a housing or a bracket that adheres the far-infrared camera CA1 to the vehicle glass 1.
  • the area of the opening 19 on the inside surface of the vehicle is smaller than the area of the opening 19 on the outside surface of the vehicle, and the shape of the transparent member 20 is adjusted accordingly. It is preferable that the area on the surface is smaller than the area on the surface on the outside of the vehicle. With such a configuration, the strength against impact from outside the vehicle is improved. Furthermore, when the vehicle glass 1 of the present embodiment is a laminated glass including the glass base 12 (outside the vehicle) and the glass base 14 (inside the vehicle), the opening 19 is the opening 12a of the glass base 12. and the opening 14a of the glass substrate 14 are formed so as to overlap with each other.
  • the area of the opening 12a of the glass base 12 is made larger than the area of the opening 14a of the glass base 14, and the transmitting member 20 matched to the size of the opening 12a of the glass base 12 is inserted into the opening of the glass base 12. 12a.
  • the length d1 of the longest straight line connecting any two points in the plane on the outside of the vehicle is 80 mm or less.
  • the length d1 is more preferably 70 mm or less, and even more preferably 65 mm or less.
  • the length d1 is 60 mm or more.
  • the opening 19 in the far-infrared transmission region B has a length d2 of the longest straight line connecting any two points on the outside of the vehicle of 80 mm or less.
  • the length d2 is more preferably 70 mm or less, and even more preferably 65 mm or less.
  • the length d2 is 60 mm or more.
  • the length d2 can also be said to be the length of the longest straight line among the straight lines connecting any two points on the outer periphery of the opening 19 on the vehicle outer side surface (surface 12A) of the vehicle glass 1.
  • the lengths d1 and d2 here refer to the lengths when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V.
  • the lengths d1 and d2 are the lengths after bending. The same applies to dimensions and positions other than the lengths d1 and d2, unless otherwise specified.
  • the transmitting member 20 includes a base material 30 that transmits far infrared rays and a first functional film 32 formed on the base material 30, and transmits light with a wavelength of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m.
  • the average transmittance is 50% or more, and the transmittance of light (single wavelength light) from a laser light source that emits light in the wavelength range of 0.8 ⁇ m to 1.8 ⁇ m is 80% or more.
  • the outermost layer 34 of the first functional film 32 has a refractive index of 1.7 or more with respect to light (single wavelength light) from a laser light source.
  • the transmitting member 20 has an average transmittance of 50% or more for light with a wavelength of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m, and a transmittance of 80% or more for single wavelength light. , single wavelength light with a wavelength of 0.8 ⁇ m to 1.8 ⁇ m, that is, light in a plurality of wavelength bands can be appropriately transmitted. Furthermore, the outermost layer 34 of the transmitting member 20 has a refractive index of 1.7 or more for single wavelength light, and has a high refractive index for single wavelength light, so it can properly transmit single wavelength light while forming a dense Since it forms a film, scratch resistance can be improved.
  • the transmitting member 20 preferably has an average reflectance of 20% or less for light with a wavelength of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m, and a reflectance of single wavelength light of 10% or less. Therefore, light with a wavelength of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m and single wavelength light can be transmitted appropriately.
  • the outermost layer 34 preferably has an extinction coefficient of 0.10 or less for light with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m, and an extinction coefficient of 0.10 or less for single wavelength light. Therefore, light with a wavelength of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m and single wavelength light can be transmitted appropriately.
  • the thickness D2 of the outermost layer 34 is preferably 20 nm or more. By setting the thickness of the outermost layer 34 within this range, it is possible to improve the scratch resistance while appropriately transmitting light with a wavelength of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m and single wavelength light.
  • the outermost layer 34 is preferably a layer containing ZrO 2 as a main component.
  • a layer containing ZrO 2 as the main component as the outermost layer 34, it is possible to improve the scratch resistance while appropriately transmitting light with a wavelength of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m and single wavelength light.
  • the first functional film 32 preferably includes an outermost layer 34 and a contact layer 36 located closer to the base material 30 than the outermost layer 34 and in contact with the outermost layer 34.
  • the refractive index of the outermost layer 34 for single wavelength light is preferably higher than the refractive index of the contact layer 36 for single wavelength light. That is, in the first functional film 32, the contact layer 36 with a low refractive index and the outermost layer 34 with a high refractive index are laminated in this order from the base material 30 side at the outermost side. Therefore, while functioning appropriately as an antireflection film for single wavelength light and appropriately transmitting single wavelength light, the outermost layer 34 can be formed into a dense film to improve scratch resistance.
  • the outermost layer 34 is laminated in the order of a low refractive index layer and a high refractive index layer, thereby providing a sufficient antireflection function for single wavelength light and forming the outermost layer 34 into a dense high-refractive index layer.
  • the refractive index layer By forming the refractive index layer, it is possible to improve scratch resistance as well.
  • the refractive index of the contact layer 36 for single wavelength light is preferably equal to or less than the square root of the refractive index of the base material 30 for single wavelength light.
  • the refractive index of the base material 30 for single wavelength light is preferably 1.8 or more and 4.2 or less. By setting the refractive index of the base material 30 within this range, single wavelength light can be appropriately transmitted.
  • the first functional film 32 preferably includes an outermost layer 34 and an intermediate layer 38 located closer to the base material 30 than the outermost layer 34 .
  • the intermediate layer 38 is a laminate in which a high refractive index layer 38A and a low refractive index layer 38B are laminated in this order from the base material 30 side, and the refractive index of the high refractive index layer 38A for single wavelength light is a low refractive index. It is preferable that the refractive index of the layer 38B is higher than that of the layer 38B for single wavelength light.
  • the intermediate layer 38 is a laminate in which a low refractive index layer 38B and a high refractive index layer 38A are laminated in this order from the base material 30 side, and the refractive index of the high refractive index layer 38A for single wavelength light is the low refractive index. It is preferable that the refractive index of the layer 38B is higher than that of the layer 38B for single wavelength light.
  • Table 1 shows the laminated structure of the transparent member of each example
  • Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the transparent member of each example.
  • an optical simulation of a transparent member was performed.
  • the optical simulation was performed using simulation software (TFCalc, manufactured by Hulinx Co., Ltd.).
  • the optical simulation was performed assuming that the extinction coefficient k of each layer was 0 without considering the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index.
  • adjustments may be made in consideration of the wavelength dispersion and extinction coefficient of the refractive index.
  • Example 1 In Example 1, a model of a transparent member in which functional films were formed on both sides of a base material was used.
  • the target single wavelength light is 1550 nm
  • the base material in order to reproduce ZnS (multispectral grade), has a refractive index of 2.16 for light with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m and a refractive index of 2.16 for light with a wavelength of 1550 nm. was set to 2.26, and the thickness was set to 2 mm.
  • Patent Document 1 As a functional film, referring to Patent Document 1, a total of 6 layers were provided in the order from the base material side: a high refractive index layer (MgO), a low refractive index layer (MgF 2 ), a high refractive index layer, and the outermost layer. was used as a low refractive index layer.
  • the refractive indexes and thicknesses of the high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer, and base material are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 2 In Example 2, the base material had a refractive index of 3.97 for light with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m, a refractive index of 4.04 for light with a wavelength of 1550 nm, and a thickness of 5 mm so that the base material reproduced Ge.
  • Example 1 of Patent Document 2 from the base material side, a low refractive index layer (YbF 3 ), a high refractive index layer (ZnSe), a high refractive index layer (Ge), a high refractive index layer (ZnSe), a low
  • YbF 3 low refractive index layer
  • ZnSe high refractive index layer
  • Ge high refractive index layer
  • ZnSe high refractive index layer
  • Table 1 The refractive indexes and thicknesses of the high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer, and base material in Example 2 are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 3 In Example 3, a total of five layers were provided in the order of high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer, and high refractive index layer from the base material side, and the outermost layer was made of high refractive index layer (ZrO 2 ). Different from 1. The refractive indexes and thicknesses of the high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer, and base material in Example 3 are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 4 In Example 4, seven layers in total were provided in the order of high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer, high refractive index layer...from the base material side, and the outermost layer was made of high refractive index layer (ZrO 2 ). Different from 1. The refractive indexes and thicknesses of the high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer, and base material in Example 4 are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 5 the high refractive index layer is ZrO2 , and a total of 8 layers are provided in the order of low refractive index layer, high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer from the base material side, and the outermost layer is the high refractive index layer. This is different from Example 1 in this respect.
  • the refractive indexes and thicknesses of the high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer, and base material in Example 5 are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 6 In Example 6, a total of five layers were provided in the order of low refractive index layer, high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer...from the base material side, and the outermost layer was a high refractive index layer (DLC). It is different from.
  • the refractive indexes and thicknesses of the high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer, and base material in Example 6 are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 7 in order to reproduce Si (FZ grade), the base material has a refractive index of 3.40 for light with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m, a refractive index of 3.46 for light with a wavelength of 1550 nm, and a thickness of 2 mm. And so.
  • the high refractive index layer was made of ZrO2 , and a total of 7 layers were provided in the order of high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer, and high refractive index layer from the base material side, and the outermost layer was the high refractive index layer. This is different from Example 1.
  • the refractive indexes and thicknesses of the high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer, and base material in Example 7 are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 8 In Example 8, the target single wavelength light is 905 nm, a total of 7 layers are provided in the order of high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer, high refractive index layer from the base material side, and the outermost layer is the high refractive index layer ( This example differs from Example 1 in that ZrO 2 ) was used.
  • the refractive indexes and thicknesses of the high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer, and base material in Example 8 are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 9 the target single wavelength light is 1350 nm, a total of 7 layers are provided in the order of high refractive index layer, low refractive index layer, high refractive index layer from the base material side, and the outermost layer is the high refractive index layer ( This example differs from Example 1 in that ZrO 2 ) was used.
  • the refractive index and thickness of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer in Example 9 are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 10 the target single wavelength light is 1550 nm, and from the base material side, a high refractive index layer (Si), a high refractive index layer (ZrO 2 ), a high refractive index layer (Si), a high refractive index layer (ZrO 2
  • a high refractive index layer Si
  • ZrO 2 a high refractive index layer
  • the scratch resistance of the outermost layer, the transmittance and reflectance of the transmitting member for light of 1550 nm, 905 nm, or 1350 nm, and the average transmittance and average transmittance of the transmitting member for light of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m The reflectance was calculated by simulation.
  • the reflectance and transmittance of the transmitting member for light of each wavelength were calculated using simulation software (TFCalc, manufactured by Hulinx Co., Ltd.).
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing simulation results of visible and near-infrared transmission spectra of Examples 2 and 4
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing simulation results of visible and near-infrared reflection spectra of Examples 2 and 4.
  • FIGS. 8 to 11 lines LA2, LB2, LC2, and LD2 are the results of Example 2, and lines LA4, LB4, LC4, and LD4 are the results of Example 4.
  • Table 2 shows, for each example, the base material simulated in the simulation, the material of the outermost layer simulated in the simulation, the refractive index of the outermost layer for single wavelength light, the film thickness of the outermost layer, and the average refractive index of the functional film (in this study). (equivalent to the average refractive index of the first functional film 32 explained in the section), the transmittance and reflectance for target single wavelength light, and the average transmittance and average reflectance for light of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m. As shown in Table 2, in Example 1, which is a comparative example, the refractive index of the outermost layer is less than 1.7, so it is presumed that the scratch resistance is low.
  • Example 2 which is a comparative example, the refractive index of the outermost layer is 1.7 or more, but it is found that the transmittance to light of 1550 nm is low.
  • the outermost layer has a refractive index of 1.7 or more, a transmittance of 80% or more for light of 1550 nm, 905 nm, or 1350 nm, and a wavelength of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m. Since the average transmittance for light is 50% or more, it can be seen that a highly durable film that can transmit light in a plurality of wavelength bands and has high scratch resistance can be applied.
  • the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the embodiment is not limited by the content of this embodiment. Furthermore, the above-mentioned components include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those that are in a so-called equivalent range. Furthermore, the aforementioned components can be combined as appropriate. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, or modifications of the constituent elements can be made without departing from the gist of the embodiments described above.
  • Vehicle glass 10 12
  • 14 Glass substrate 20
  • Transmissive member 30
  • Base material 32
  • First functional film (functional film) 34
  • Outermost layer 36
  • Contact layer 38
  • Intermediate layer 38A High refractive index layer
  • 38B Low refractive index layer

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
PCT/JP2023/014268 2022-04-08 2023-04-06 透過部材 Ceased WO2023195524A1 (ja)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017086227A1 (ja) * 2015-11-20 2017-05-26 旭硝子株式会社 光学ガラス
WO2017130934A1 (ja) * 2016-01-29 2017-08-03 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 遮熱フィルタおよび監視システム
WO2021014857A1 (ja) * 2019-07-24 2021-01-28 Ａｇｃ株式会社 車両用外装部材、及び遠赤外カメラ付き車両用外装部材
JP2021018253A (ja) * 2019-07-23 2021-02-15 ショット アクチエンゲゼルシャフトＳｃｈｏｔｔ ＡＧ ＬｉＤＡＲ用途のためのガラス窓
WO2022045011A1 (ja) * 2020-08-27 2022-03-03 Ａｇｃ株式会社 遠赤外線透過部材及び遠赤外線透過部材の製造方法

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JPH0769484B2 (ja) 1990-07-13 1995-07-31 株式会社トプコン 多層反射防止膜
JP2009086533A (ja) 2007-10-02 2009-04-23 Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp 赤外用多層膜、赤外反射防止膜及び赤外レーザ用反射ミラー

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017086227A1 (ja) * 2015-11-20 2017-05-26 旭硝子株式会社 光学ガラス
WO2017130934A1 (ja) * 2016-01-29 2017-08-03 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 遮熱フィルタおよび監視システム
JP2021018253A (ja) * 2019-07-23 2021-02-15 ショット アクチエンゲゼルシャフトＳｃｈｏｔｔ ＡＧ ＬｉＤＡＲ用途のためのガラス窓
WO2021014857A1 (ja) * 2019-07-24 2021-01-28 Ａｇｃ株式会社 車両用外装部材、及び遠赤外カメラ付き車両用外装部材
WO2022045011A1 (ja) * 2020-08-27 2022-03-03 Ａｇｃ株式会社 遠赤外線透過部材及び遠赤外線透過部材の製造方法

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