WO2023190863A1 - 絶縁性シート、積層体、及び半導体装置 - Google Patents
絶縁性シート、積層体、及び半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023190863A1 WO2023190863A1 PCT/JP2023/013169 JP2023013169W WO2023190863A1 WO 2023190863 A1 WO2023190863 A1 WO 2023190863A1 JP 2023013169 W JP2023013169 W JP 2023013169W WO 2023190863 A1 WO2023190863 A1 WO 2023190863A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/02—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
- C08L101/025—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups containing nitrogen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/0313—Organic insulating material
- H05K1/0353—Organic insulating material consisting of two or more materials, e.g. two or more polymers, polymer + filler, + reinforcement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2379/00—Other polymers having nitrogen, with or without oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain
- B32B2379/08—Polyimides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/08—PCBs, i.e. printed circuit boards
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
- C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08J2379/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
- C08K2003/382—Boron-containing compounds and nitrogen
- C08K2003/385—Binary compounds of nitrogen with boron
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an insulating sheet, a laminate including a cured product of the insulating sheet, and a semiconductor device including the laminate.
- power modules have been used in a wide range of fields such as industrial equipment, household electrical equipment, and information terminals.
- attempts have been made to use resin sheets as substrates, and power modules using resin sheets are expected to be used, for example, in high voltage applications.
- the resin sheet needs to be an insulating sheet that has insulation properties, and is also required to have high thermal conductivity and excellent heat dissipation.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a composition for forming a thermally conductive material that includes an epoxy compound, a phenol compound, and an inorganic substance, and is highly filled with boron nitride aggregate particles as the inorganic substance to 87% by mass.
- the composition for forming a thermally conductive material is, for example, heated and dried, semi-cured to a so-called B-stage state, and then completely cured to form a thermally conductive sheet.
- Patent Document 1 indicates that when semi-curing, heating is performed at 65° C. for 1 minute while being pressed at 12 MPa.
- Patent Document 1 when the boron nitride agglomerated particles are highly filled, heat dissipation properties can be improved. A certain amount of low molecular weight components such as solvents may remain.
- the insulating sheet used for the substrate is also required to have excellent adhesion to the metal plate on which the circuit pattern is formed.
- the present invention provides an insulating property that suppresses the deterioration of insulation properties during heat treatment even when the boron nitride agglomerated particles are highly filled, has good adhesion to the metal plate, and suppresses circuit peeling.
- the challenge is to provide seats.
- the present inventors have conducted extensive research in order to achieve the above object. As a result, we discovered that the above problems can be solved by keeping the weight loss rate within a certain range when the temperature is raised from 50°C to 200°C in an insulating sheet highly filled with boron nitride aggregate particles, The following invention was completed. That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [12].
- An insulating sheet containing a thermosetting resin and an inorganic filler The inorganic filler includes boron nitride aggregate particles, The content of the boron nitride agglomerated particles is 50% by mass or more with respect to 100% by mass of the insulating sheet, When the temperature of the insulating sheet was raised from 50°C to 200°C using a simultaneous differential thermogravimetric measuring device under a dry nitrogen stream at a heating rate of 10°C/min, the weight loss rate was 0. An insulating sheet having a content of .10% or more and 1.00% or less. [2] The insulating sheet according to [1] above, wherein the inorganic filler includes an insulating solid filler.
- thermosetting resin includes a thermosetting resin having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or more and a thermosetting resin having a weight average molecular weight of less than 10,000, according to any one of [1] to [5] above.
- the copper foil is cured from a cured insulating sheet in accordance with JIS C648.
- a cured product of the insulating sheet according to [8] above, a metal base plate, and a metal plate, and the cured product of the insulating sheet and the metal plate are placed on the metal base plate in this order.
- a laminate [10] The laminate according to the above [9], wherein the laminate is a circuit board. [11] The laminate according to [9] or [10] above, wherein the metal plate has a circuit pattern. [12] A semiconductor device comprising the laminate according to any one of [9] to [11] above, and a semiconductor element provided on the metal plate.
- the present invention even though the boron nitride aggregate particles are highly filled, the deterioration of insulation properties is suppressed even after heat treatment, and the adhesion with the metal plate is improved, and circuit peeling etc. are suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the insulating sheet of the present invention includes a thermosetting resin and an inorganic filler, and the inorganic filler includes at least boron nitride aggregate particles.
- the insulating sheet of the present invention has a weight loss rate when the temperature is raised from 50°C to 200°C under a dry nitrogen stream at a heating rate of 10°C/min using a simultaneous differential thermogravimetric measurement device. is 0.10% or more and 1.00% or less.
- a weight reduction rate when setting the weight reduction rate within the above range, a decrease in insulation properties is suppressed even if the boron nitride agglomerated particles are highly filled or heat-treated by reflow or the like after curing.
- the adhesion to the metal plate is also good, and circuit peeling can be suppressed.
- the weight reduction rate when the weight reduction rate is less than 0.10%, the content of low molecular weight components such as solvents decreases, the fluidity of the insulating sheet decreases, and the adhesion with the metal plate decreases. There is a risk that circuit peeling may occur.
- the weight reduction rate exceeds 1.00%, the content of low molecular weight components such as solvent in the thermally conductive sheet becomes too large, resulting in low molecular weight components forming in the voids and pores inside the boron nitride agglomerated particles. Ingredients remain. Therefore, heat treatment such as reflow may cause foaming, resulting in a decrease in insulation properties.
- examples of the low molecular weight component include, in addition to the solvent, a low molecular weight resin having a weight average molecular weight of less than 10,000, a curing agent, a dispersing agent, and the like.
- the weight reduction rate is preferably 0.80% or less, more preferably 0.60% or less, even more preferably 0.50% or less from the viewpoint of improving insulation properties, and from the viewpoint of adhesion to the metal plate. , is preferably 0.12% or more, more preferably 0.15% or more, and even more preferably 0.20% or more.
- the weight reduction rate depends on the manufacturing conditions, more specifically, the drying time and drying temperature of the drying process, the temperature, pressure, and time of preforming, and furthermore, the curing It can be adjusted by the type and amount of the solvent added to the resin composition. It can also be adjusted depending on the raw material of the insulating sheet, for example, the proportion of voids (or pores) in the boron nitride aggregated particles, the content of the boron nitride aggregated particles, etc. For example, if the drying time or preforming time is increased, the drying temperature or preforming temperature is increased, or the preforming pressure is increased, the weight loss rate tends to decrease.
- the weight loss rate tends to decrease. Furthermore, even if the proportion of voids (or pores) in the boron nitride aggregated particles or the content of the boron nitride aggregated particles is reduced, the weight loss rate tends to decrease.
- thermosetting resin contained in the insulating sheet of the present invention is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, amino resins such as urea resins and melamine resins, phenol resins, thermosetting urethane resins, epoxy resins, thermosetting polyimide resins, and Examples include amino alkyd resins.
- the thermosetting resin used for the insulating sheet may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among the thermosetting resins mentioned above, epoxy resins are preferred.
- Thermosetting resins include thermosetting resins with a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or more (hereinafter also referred to as “high molecular weight resins”), and thermosetting resins with a weight average molecular weight of less than 10,000 (hereinafter also referred to as “low molecular weight resins”). ) is also preferably used in combination.
- high molecular weight resins and a low molecular weight resin are used together as a thermosetting resin, a certain fluidity is imparted to the thermosetting resin, making it easier to fill the voids and pores inside the boron nitride aggregate particles with the thermosetting resin.
- the weight average molecular weight of the low molecular weight resin may be less than 10,000, preferably 5,000 or less, more preferably 3,000 or less. Further, the weight average molecular weight of the low molecular weight resin is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 200 or more, preferably 250 or more.
- the weight average molecular weight of the high molecular weight resin may be 10,000 or more, preferably 20,000 or more, more preferably 30,000 or more, and preferably 1,000,000 or less, more preferably 250,000 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight is a weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- tetrahydrofuran may be used as the eluent.
- the weight average molecular weight may be calculated from the structural formula.
- the thermosetting resin may be partially cured, but the weight average molecular weight means the weight average molecular weight of the thermosetting resin before curing.
- the ratio of the content of the high molecular weight resin to the low molecular weight resin is preferably 0.2 or more and 3 or less, and 0.2 to 3 on a mass basis. It is more preferably 2 or more and 2 or less, and even more preferably 0.3 or more and 1 or less.
- the content ratio of the high molecular weight resin to the low molecular weight resin is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, insulation properties can be improved more favorably.
- an epoxy resin as the thermosetting resin, only one of a low molecular weight resin and a high molecular weight resin may be used as the epoxy resin.
- epoxy resin examples include the above-mentioned low molecular weight resins such as styrene skeleton-containing epoxy resin, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, biphenol type epoxy resin, and naphthalene.
- biphenyl type epoxy resin biphenyl type epoxy resin, fluorene type epoxy resin, phenol aralkyl type epoxy resin, naphthol aralkyl type epoxy resin, dicyclopentadiene type epoxy resin, anthracene type epoxy resin, epoxy resin with adamantane skeleton, tricyclodecane type epoxy resin epoxy resins having a triazine nucleus in its skeleton, and glycidylamine type epoxy resins.
- bisphenol A type epoxy resin glycidylamine type epoxy resin
- fluorene type epoxy resin glycidylamine type epoxy resin
- Bisphenol A type epoxy resin and glycidylamine type epoxy resin are generally liquid at room temperature, so the flexibility of the insulating sheet is improved, and fluidity is imparted during preforming, so that the voids inside the insulating sheet, Since it becomes easier to fill the pores with the thermosetting resin, it becomes easier to prevent insulation from deteriorating due to heat treatment after curing.
- fluorene type epoxy resin when a fluorene type epoxy resin is used, heat resistance is improved, so that insulation properties are less likely to deteriorate even when heated, and good insulation properties can be easily maintained even if heat treatment is performed after curing.
- a glycidylamine type epoxy resin having, for example, three or more functional groups, and in such a case, the degree of crosslinking after curing is improved, making it easier to improve thermal conductivity.
- These epoxy resins as low molecular weight resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- two or more types are used together, for example, it is preferable to use at least one type selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A type epoxy resins and glycidylamine type epoxy resins and a fluorene type epoxy resin.
- the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin which is the low molecular weight resin, is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 70 g/eq or more and 500 g/eq or less.
- the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin is preferably 80 g/eq or more, and preferably 400 g/eq or less, more preferably 350 g/eq or less.
- the epoxy equivalent can be measured, for example, according to the method specified in JIS K 7236.
- the epoxy resin may be a phenoxy resin.
- Phenoxy resin generally has a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or more and can be used as the above-mentioned high molecular weight resin.
- the phenoxy resin is, for example, a resin obtained by reacting epihalohydrin with a divalent phenol compound, or a resin obtained by reacting a divalent epoxy compound with a divalent phenol compound.
- phenoxy resin examples include those having a bisphenol A type skeleton, a bisphenol F type skeleton, a naphthalene skeleton, a fluorene skeleton, a biphenyl skeleton, an anthracene skeleton, a pyrene skeleton, a xanthene skeleton, a bisphenol TMC skeleton, an adamantane skeleton, or a dicyclopentadiene skeleton. It will be done.
- a bisphenol A type skeleton a bisphenol F type skeleton, a naphthalene skeleton, a bisphenol TMC skeleton, a fluorene skeleton, or a biphenyl skeleton
- the phenoxy resin may have one type of each of the above-mentioned skeletons in one molecule, or may have two or more types of skeletons.
- those having two or more types of skeletons include those having a bisphenol TMC skeleton and a biphenyl skeleton.
- the amount of the thermosetting resin described above is preferably, for example, 2% by mass or more and 45% by mass or more based on 100% by mass of the insulating sheet.
- an inorganic filler such as boron nitride aggregate particles can be sufficiently bound, and an insulating sheet having mechanical strength above a certain level can be obtained.
- the adhesion of the insulating sheet to the metal plate can also be improved.
- a certain amount or more of an inorganic filler such as boron nitride agglomerated particles can be contained, so that it is possible to improve thermal conductivity while improving insulation properties.
- the blending amount of the thermosetting resin is preferably 4% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, even more preferably 7% by mass or more, and preferably 35% by mass or less, and more preferably 25% by mass or less. It is preferably 18% by mass or more, and more preferably 18% by mass or more.
- the above-mentioned insulating sheet further contains a curing agent.
- the curing agent is a component for curing the thermosetting resin.
- the curing agent include imide oligomers, cyanate resins, amine compounds (amine curing agents), thiol compounds (thiol curing agents), phosphine compounds, dicyandiamide, imidazole compounds, phenol compounds (phenol curing agents), acid anhydrides, active Examples include ester compounds, carbodiimide compounds (carbodiimide curing agents), and benzoxazine compounds (benzoxazine curing agents).
- the curing agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Cyanate resins include bisphenol A dicyanate, tetramethylene bisphenol F dicyanate, polyphenol cyanate (oligo(3-methylene-1,5-phenylene cyanate), hexafluorobisphenol A dicyanate, 2,2-bis(4-cyanate) phenylpropane).
- Cyanate resins phenol novolaks, cresol novolacs, polyfunctional cyanate resins derived from phenol resins containing dicyclopentadiene structures, cyanate resins having a naphthalene skeleton, prepolymers in which part of the cyanate resins listed above are triazine, etc. can be mentioned.
- cyanate resins mentioned above it is preferable to use cyanate resins having a naphthalene skeleton.
- heat resistance becomes good and, for example, it becomes easy to suppress a decrease in insulation properties even if heat treatment is performed by reflow or the like after curing.
- cyanate resins include cyanate resins with a phenol novolak structure (PT-30 and PT-60, manufactured by Lonza Japan), bisphenol-type cyanate resins (BA-230S, manufactured by Lonza Japan), BA-3000S,""BTP-1000S,” and “BTP-6020S”), cyanate resin having a naphthalene skeleton ("NCN” manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- One type of cyanate resin may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. Further, as a curing agent, cyanate resin may be used in combination with other curing agents.
- imide oligomers are also preferred.
- the curing agent is an imide oligomer
- heat resistance can be improved.
- the imide oligomer is a compound having an imide skeleton in its main chain, preferably a compound having an aromatic ring in its skeleton.
- thermal decomposition of the insulating sheet becomes difficult to occur, and heat resistance tends to improve.
- the imide oligomer does not have a linear saturated hydrocarbon chain having 16 or more carbon atoms in the skeleton.
- the imide oligomer has a reactive functional group capable of reacting with the thermosetting resin at both ends or one end of the molecule, and the reactive functional group may be an acid anhydride group, an amine group, or a hydroxyl group. preferable.
- the above amine group is not particularly limited, and may be any of a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, and a tertiary amino group.
- the above-mentioned hydroxyl group may be a phenolic hydroxyl group, or may be a hydroxyl group other than a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- the reactive functional group possessed by the imide oligomer is more preferably an acid anhydride group or a phenolic hydroxyl group from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- the molecular weight of the imide oligomer is preferably 500 to 10,000. When the molecular weight is within this range, the heat resistance of the insulating sheet is likely to improve.
- the molecular weight of the imide oligomer is more preferably 700 to 7,000, and still more preferably 900 to 5,000.
- the molecular weight of the imide oligomer is preferably 500 or more, more preferably 700 or more, even more preferably 900 or more, preferably 10,000 or less, more preferably 7,000 or less, and even more preferably 5,000 or less. It is.
- the molecular weight is a number average molecular weight determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and converted to polystyrene.
- Examples of columns used when measuring the number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene by GPC include JAIGEL-2H-A (manufactured by Nippon Analytical Industry Co., Ltd.). Specifically, the measurement can be performed using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent at room temperature and at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Note that the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the sample to be measured, and the flow rate can be selected depending on the column and device.
- Examples of the imide oligomer include an imide oligomer having a segment derived from an acid dianhydride represented by the following formula (1) and a segment derived from a polyamine compound. In this case, it is preferable to have a segment derived from the acid dianhydride represented by formula (1) at the end of the main chain, and more preferably at both ends of the main chain.
- examples of the polyamine compound include aromatic diamine compounds, aliphatic diamine compounds, aliphatic triamine compounds, and the like.
- A is a tetravalent group represented by the following formula (3-1) or the following formula (3-2).
- polyamine compound examples include aromatic polyamine compounds and aliphatic polyamine compounds, and aromatic polyamine compounds are preferred among them.
- aromatic polyamine compounds are preferred among them.
- an aromatic diamine compound represented by the following formula (2) is preferable.
- B is a divalent group represented by the following formula (4-1) or (4-2), and R 1 to R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a is a valent hydrocarbon group.
- Y is a bond, an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group, a sulfur atom, a sulfonyl group, a bond A linear or branched divalent hydrocarbon group which may have an oxygen atom at a position, or a divalent group having an aromatic ring which may have an oxygen atom at a bonding position.
- some or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a hydroxyl group or a monovalent hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of aliphatic polyamine compounds include aliphatic diamine compounds and aliphatic triamine compounds.
- Examples of commercially available aliphatic diamine compounds and aliphatic triamine compounds include Versamine 551 and Versamine 552 manufactured by BASF, and Priamine 1071, Priamine 1073, Priamine 1074, and Priamine 1075 manufactured by Croda.
- the imide oligomer is represented by the following formula (5-1), the following formula (5-2), the following formula (5-3), the following formula (5-4), or the following formula (5-5).
- An imide oligomer represented by is preferable.
- A is an acid dianhydride residue, and may be the same as in formula (1) above.
- A may be the same or different.
- B is an aliphatic diamine residue, an aromatic diamine residue, or an aliphatic triamine residue or an aromatic triamine residue
- the formula (5-3 ) and formula (5-4) B may be the same or different.
- X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group
- W is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom , or an optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group.
- n is the number of repetitions.
- an imide oligomer having an acid anhydride group as a reactive functional group for example, an acid dianhydride represented by the above formula (1) and the above aromatic diamine compound, aliphatic diamine compound, or aliphatic Examples include a method of reacting with a polyamine compound such as a group triamine compound.
- a specific example of a method for reacting the acid dianhydride represented by the above formula (1) with a polyamine compound will be shown below.
- a polyamine compound is dissolved in advance in a solvent in which the amic acid oligomer obtained by the reaction is soluble (for example, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, etc.), and the resulting solution is expressed by the above formula (1).
- An amic acid oligomer solution is obtained by adding and reacting the acid dianhydride.
- the amic acid oligomer is recovered by removing the solvent from the obtained amic acid oligomer solution by heating, reducing pressure, etc., or by reprecipitating the amic acid oligomer by pouring it into a poor solvent such as water, methanol, hexane, etc.
- the imidization reaction is advanced by heating at 200° C. or higher for 1 hour or more.
- the acid anhydride can have the desired number average molecular weight and have a reactive functional group at both ends.
- An imide oligomer having a chemical group can be obtained.
- the above imide oligomer may be an imide oligomer having a segment derived from an acid dianhydride represented by the above formula (1) and a segment derived from a phenolic hydroxyl group-containing monoamine represented by the following formula (5). good. Furthermore, the imide oligomer includes a segment derived from an acid dianhydride represented by the above formula (1), a segment derived from the above polyamine compound, and a phenolic hydroxyl group-containing monoamine represented by the following formula (5). It may also be an imide oligomer having a segment derived from. In this case, it is preferable to have a segment derived from a phenolic hydroxyl group-containing monoamine represented by the following formula (5) at the end of the main chain, and more preferably at both ends of the main chain.
- Ar is an optionally substituted divalent aromatic group
- R 5 and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of methods for producing imide oligomers having hydroxyl groups as reactive functional groups include the following methods. That is, the method of reacting the acid dianhydride represented by the above formula (1) with the phenolic hydroxyl group-containing monoamine represented by the above formula (5), or the method of reacting the acid dianhydride represented by the above formula (1) Examples include a method of reacting the above-mentioned polyamine compound with the above-mentioned polyamine compound, and then further reacting a phenolic hydroxyl group-containing monoamine represented by the above formula (5).
- a specific example of a method for reacting the acid dianhydride represented by the above formula (1) with the phenolic hydroxyl group-containing monoamine represented by the above formula (5) will be shown below.
- the phenolic hydroxyl group-containing monoamine represented by the above formula (5) is dissolved in advance in a solvent in which the amic acid oligomer obtained by the reaction is soluble (for example, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, etc.),
- An acid dianhydride represented by the above formula (1) is added to the obtained solution and reacted to obtain an amic acid oligomer solution.
- the amic acid oligomer is recovered by removing the solvent from the obtained amic acid oligomer solution by heating, reducing pressure, etc., or by reprecipitating the amic acid oligomer by pouring it into a poor solvent such as water, methanol, hexane, etc.
- the imidization reaction is advanced by heating at 200° C. or higher for 1 hour or more.
- the desired number average molecular weight can be obtained. It is possible to obtain an imide oligomer having a phenolic hydroxyl group as a reactive functional group at both ends.
- a specific example of a method of reacting the acid dianhydride represented by the above formula (1) with a polyamine compound and then further reacting the phenolic hydroxyl group-containing monoamine represented by the above formula (5) is shown below.
- a polyamine compound is dissolved in advance in a solvent in which the amic acid oligomer obtained by the reaction is soluble (for example, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, etc.), and the resulting solution is expressed by the above formula (1).
- Acid dianhydride is added and reacted to obtain a solution of the amic acid oligomer (A) having acid anhydride groups at both ends.
- the solvent is removed from the obtained amic acid oligomer (A) solution by heating, reduced pressure, etc., or the amic acid oligomer (A) is reprecipitated by pouring it into a poor solvent such as water, methanol, hexane, etc. is recovered and further heated at about 200° C. or higher for 1 hour or more to proceed with the imidization reaction.
- a poor solvent such as water, methanol, hexane, etc.
- the thus obtained imide oligomer having acid anhydride groups as reactive functional groups at both ends is dissolved again in a solvent (for example, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, etc.), and the above formula ( A phenolic hydroxyl group-containing monoamine represented by 5) is added and reacted to obtain a solution of the amic acid oligomer (B).
- the amic acid oligomer (B) is recovered by removing the solvent from the obtained amic acid oligomer (B) solution by heating, reducing pressure, etc., or by pouring it into a poor solvent such as water, methanol, hexane, etc. for reprecipitation. Then, the mixture is further heated at about 200° C.
- the desired number can be obtained.
- An imide oligomer having an average molecular weight and having hydroxyl groups as reactive functional groups at both ends can be obtained.
- the method for producing the imide oligomer having an amine group as a reactive functional group is not particularly limited, but for example, an imide oligomer having an acid anhydride group at the terminal is obtained by the method described above, and the imide oligomer and the imide oligomer are Examples include a method of reacting with a polyamine compound (eg, an aromatic diamine compound). Another method includes a method in which the acid anhydride and the polyamine compound are adjusted to an appropriate molar ratio when producing the imide oligomer by the method described above.
- a polyamine compound eg, an aromatic diamine compound
- the ratio of the amount of curing agent to the amount of thermosetting resin is not particularly limited as long as the thermosetting resin can be appropriately cured, but it is based on the mass For example, it is 0.1 or more and 0.9 or less.
- the ratio of the amount of the curing agent to the thermosetting resin is preferably 0.2 or more, more preferably 0.3 or more, and preferably 0.7 or less, more preferably 0.65 or less on a mass basis. be.
- the insulating sheet of the present invention contains boron nitride aggregate particles as an inorganic filler.
- the thermal conductivity and insulation properties of the insulating sheet are improved by containing the boron nitride agglomerated particles.
- boron nitride aggregate particles have voids and pores formed inside, but as mentioned above, by lowering the weight loss rate, the amount of low molecular weight components remaining in the voids and pores is reduced. , it is possible to prevent insulation from decreasing due to heat treatment after curing due to low molecular weight components.
- the content of boron nitride aggregate particles in the insulating sheet is 50% by mass or more based on 100% by mass of the insulating sheet. If the content of the boron nitride aggregated particles is less than 50% by mass, the thermal conductivity will not be sufficiently improved by the boron nitride aggregated particles, and the heat dissipation performance of the insulating sheet will also be insufficient. From the viewpoint of improving thermal conductivity and improving heat dissipation of the insulating sheet, the content of the boron nitride aggregate particles is preferably 53% by mass or more, more preferably 57% by mass or more, and 60% by mass or more. is even more preferable.
- the content of boron nitride aggregate particles may be, for example, 90% by mass or less, preferably 87% by mass or less, more preferably 75% by mass or less, and even more preferably 70% by mass or less.
- Boron nitride agglomerated particles are agglomerated particles formed by aggregating primary particles. Generally, whether boron nitride aggregated particles are aggregated particles or not can be determined by, for example, cross-sectional observation using SEM. In addition, boron nitride aggregate particles may maintain the form of aggregate particles or may be deformed, disintegrated, crushed, etc. through various processes such as press molding. However, boron nitride agglomerated particles undergo a process such as press molding after being mixed with a thermosetting resin, so even if they are deformed, disintegrated, or crushed, they generally do not become oriented or become agglomerated to some extent. Since these particles exist, for example, by observing the above-mentioned cross section, it is suggested that these are boron nitride aggregated particles, and it can therefore be determined whether or not they are aggregated particles.
- the average major axis of the primary particles of the boron nitride aggregate particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 2.0 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably is 15 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the average aspect ratio determined by the major axis and minor axis of the primary particles of the boron nitride agglomerated particles is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, and preferably 7 or less, more preferably 6 or less.
- the shape of the primary particles of the boron nitride agglomerated particles is not particularly limited, and may have a shape such as a scale shape, but may have other shapes.
- the above-mentioned average aspect ratio and average major axis are determined from the major axis and minor axis of the primary particle diameter of the boron nitride agglomerated particles, which are measured in a cross section exposed by a cross-section polisher. Specifically, the details are as follows. First, a cross-section of the insulating sheet or its cured product is exposed using a cross-section polisher, and the exposed cross-section is observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification of 400 to 1200 times to obtain an observed image.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the major axis and minor axis of 200 primary particles of boron nitride agglomerated particles were randomly measured using image analysis software, and the aspect ratio of each particle was calculated from the major axis/breadth axis.
- the average value of 200 values is taken as the average aspect.
- the average value of the major diameters of the 200 measured primary particles is defined as the average major diameter.
- the major axis is the length of the longest part of the primary particles of the observed boron nitride agglomerated particles in the observed image.
- the short axis is the length in the direction perpendicular to the long axis direction in the observed image.
- the boron nitride agglomerated particles blended into the insulating sheet preferably have an average particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and 20 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of effectively increasing insulation and thermal conductivity. It is more preferably at least 200 ⁇ m, more preferably at most 150 ⁇ m, even more preferably at most 100 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter of aggregated particles can be measured by laser diffraction/scattering method. Regarding the method of calculating the average particle diameter, the particle diameter (d50) of aggregated particles when the cumulative volume is 50% is adopted as the average particle diameter.
- the method for producing boron nitride aggregate particles is not particularly limited, and can be produced by any known method. For example, it can be obtained by aggregating (granulating) primary particles prepared in advance, and specific examples include a spray drying method and a fluidized bed granulating method. Spray drying methods (also called spray drying) can be classified into two fluid nozzle methods, disk methods (also called rotary methods), ultrasonic nozzle methods, etc., depending on the spray method, and any of these methods can be applied. Furthermore, the method for producing boron nitride aggregate particles does not necessarily require a granulation step.
- primary particles of boron nitride may be naturally aggregated to form aggregated particles as boron nitride crystals crystallized by a known method grow.
- examples of the boron nitride agglomerated particles include "UHP-G1H” manufactured by Showa Denko K.K. and "HP-40” series manufactured by Mizushima Ferroalloy Co., Ltd.
- the insulating sheet of the present invention may contain an inorganic filler other than the boron nitride aggregate particles.
- the inorganic filler other than boron nitride agglomerated particles insulating fillers are preferred, and insulating solid fillers are particularly preferred.
- the insulating solid filler has no voids or pores inside it. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the low molecular weight components remaining in the voids and pores, thereby suppressing a decrease in insulation properties due to heat treatment after curing, and making it easier to maintain better insulation properties after heat treatment.
- the insulating filler is a filler that has electrical insulation properties, and has an electrical resistivity of, for example, 10 8 [ ⁇ m] or more.
- the thermally conductive filler has a thermal conductivity of, for example, 10 W/(m ⁇ K) or more, preferably 15 W/(m ⁇ K) or more, and more preferably 20 W/(m ⁇ K) or more. Further, the upper limit of the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive filler is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 300 W/(m ⁇ K) or less, or 200 W/(m ⁇ K) or less.
- thermally conductive filler When a thermally conductive filler is used as an inorganic filler other than the boron nitride aggregated particles, the thermally conductive filler can enter into the gaps between the boron nitride aggregated particles, thereby increasing thermal conductivity and heat dissipation.
- the thermal conductivity of the inorganic filler can be measured, for example, by the periodic heating thermoreflectance method using a thermal microscope manufactured by Bethel Co., Ltd. on a filler cross section cut with a cross-section polisher. .
- a solid filler is a filler that has no voids inside.
- the internal voids mean that there are no voids inside the secondary particles when the primary particles aggregate to form secondary particles.
- the insulating solid filler is a non-agglomerated particle in which primary particles do not aggregate.
- the shape of the primary particles of the insulating solid filler is not particularly limited, but any shape of the filler may be used, and it may be scaly, spherical, crushed, irregular, polyhedral, fibrous, etc. However, among these, spherical and polyhedral shapes are preferable, and among them, polyhedral shapes are more preferable.
- the insulating solid fillers come into surface contact with each other or with the boron nitride agglomerated particles, improving thermal conduction of the insulating sheet. performance can be further improved.
- the polyhedral filler may partially have curved surfaces as long as it has a plurality of planes. Furthermore, by using a polyhedral filler, good insulation properties can be easily maintained even after heat treatment by reflow or the like after curing.
- the insulating solid filler is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the average aspect ratio of the primary particles is 3 or less, and such fillers include spherical fillers, polyhedral fillers, and the like.
- the above average aspect ratio is more preferably 2 or less, and the aspect ratio of the insulating solid filler may be 1 or more.
- the insulating solid filler include alumina, oxides such as magnesium oxide, nitrides such as aluminum nitride and boron nitride, carbides such as silicon carbide, and diamond. These insulating solid fillers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. These insulating solid fillers can be used as thermally conductive fillers, and while maintaining good thermal conductivity, prevent insulation from deteriorating and easily improve adhesion to metal plates.
- alumina is preferable among the above from the viewpoint of achieving high levels of thermal conductivity and adhesion to the metal plate and preventing deterioration of insulation properties due to heat treatment. From the viewpoint of improving the thermal conductivity, spherical alumina and polyhedral alumina are more preferable, and from the viewpoint of improving thermal conductivity and insulation properties after heat treatment, polyhedral alumina is even more preferable.
- the average particle diameter of the insulating solid filler may be, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of easily increasing insulation and thermal conductivity, but it is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more. , more preferably 25 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle diameter of the insulating solid filler is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 80 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of easily blending the insulating solid filler into the insulating sheet with high filling. More preferably, it is 70 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of the insulating solid filler is determined by observing 100 or more primary particles with a microscope such as SEM, determining the particle diameter of each particle, and calculating the particle diameter of aggregated particles when the cumulative number is 50%. It is preferable to adopt the diameter (d50) as the average particle diameter.
- One type of insulating solid filler may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content of the insulating solid filler in the insulating sheet is, for example, 2% by mass or more and 45% by mass or less, based on 100% by mass of the insulating sheet. By adjusting the content to such a value, for example, it becomes easier to improve thermal conductivity and adhesion to a metal plate, and it becomes easier to improve insulation and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, deterioration in insulation properties due to heat treatment such as reflow can be easily suppressed.
- the content of the insulating solid filler in the insulating sheet is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 15% by mass or more, and even more preferably 20% by mass or more. Further, the content of the inorganic filler in the insulating solid filler is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 35% by mass or less, even more preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the ratio of the insulating solid filler to the boron nitride agglomerated particles on a mass basis is, for example, 0.02 or more. .9 or less.
- the ratio is preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.1 or more, even more preferably 0.3 or more, and preferably 0.8 or less, more preferably 0.7 or less, More preferably, it is 0.6 or less.
- the inorganic filler may include other than the insulating solid filler as an inorganic filler other than the boron nitride agglomerated particles.
- the insulating sheet may contain an ion scavenger as an inorganic filler.
- the ion scavenger is an ion exchanger.
- ion exchangers include anion exchangers, cation exchangers, and amphoteric ion exchangers.
- the ion exchanger include zirconium compounds, antimony compounds, magnesium aluminum compounds, antimony bismuth compounds, and zirconium bismuth compounds.
- the above ion trapping agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The ion exchanger captures ions contained in the insulating sheet, thereby easily imparting insulation reliability to the insulating sheet.
- the average particle diameter of the ion trapping agent is, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of the ion scavenger is determined by dispersing the particles in a solvent (water, organic solvent, etc.) using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) particle size distribution analyzer [for example, NICOMP 380ZLS (manufactured by PARTICLE SIZING SYSTEMS)]. can be measured.
- the content of the ion scavenger is preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and preferably 3% by mass or less based on 100% by mass of the insulating sheet. The content is more preferably 2% by mass or less.
- Commercially available ion trapping agents can also be used, such as "IXEPLAS-B1,""IXEPLAS-A1," and "IXEPLAS-A2" manufactured by Toagosei.
- the total content of inorganic fillers in the insulating sheet is, for example, 95% by mass or less, based on 100% by mass of the insulating sheet, preferably 92% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or less, and 87% by mass. The following are more preferred.
- the curable resin can be contained in a certain amount or more, and the adhesion of the insulating sheet to the metal plate can be improved. Further, a certain level of mechanical strength can be imparted to the insulating sheet.
- the content of the inorganic filler in the insulating sheet may be 50% by mass or more, but from the viewpoint of improving heat dissipation, it is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and 75% by mass. % or more is more preferable. Note that the content of each inorganic filler in the insulating sheet can be measured by ash content measurement, for example, when the inorganic filler consists of only a single filler (that is, boron nitride aggregate particles alone).
- the volume % is calculated by image analysis using a SEM (scanning electron microscope), and the mass % of each inorganic filler is calculated from the specific gravity of each filler and resin. can.
- the insulating sheet of the present invention preferably contains a dispersant.
- a dispersant By containing a dispersant, the insulating sheet makes it easier to uniformly disperse inorganic fillers such as boron nitride aggregate particles into the insulating sheet, which improves heat dissipation, initial insulation, and insulation after heat treatment. , and various performances such as adhesion to metal plates can be easily improved.
- Dispersants include, but are not particularly limited to, polyester carboxylic acids, polyether carboxylic acids, polyacrylic carboxylic acids, aliphatic carboxylic acids, polysiloxane carboxylic acids, polyester phosphoric acids, polyether phosphoric acids, Examples include polyacrylic phosphoric acid, aliphatic phosphoric acid, polysiloxane phosphoric acid, polyester phenol, polyether phenol, polyacrylic phenol, aliphatic phenol, and polysiloxane phenol. Only one type of dispersant may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content of the dispersant in the insulating sheet is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 4% by mass or less based on 100% by mass of the insulating sheet.
- the inorganic filler such as boron nitride aggregate particles can be easily dispersed in the insulating sheet by the dispersant.
- the content of the dispersant in the insulating sheet is more preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less, and still more preferably 0.2% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less.
- the insulating sheet according to the present invention also contains a curing accelerator, a coupling agent such as a silane coupling agent, a flame retardant, an antioxidant, a tackifier, a plasticizer, a thixotropic agent, and Other additives such as colorants may also be included. Further, the insulating sheet is blended with a solvent in its manufacturing method, and it is preferable that some of the blended solvent remains in the insulating sheet.
- the thickness of the insulating sheet of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 50 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness is 50 ⁇ m or more, a certain level of insulation and heat dissipation can be ensured, and when the thickness is 500 ⁇ m or less, circuit boards, semiconductor devices, etc., which will be described later, can be easily made thin. Moreover, in the drying process and preforming process described later, it becomes easier to volatilize the solvent etc. from the insulating sheet, making it easier to reduce the above-mentioned weight loss rate.
- the thickness of the insulating sheet is preferably 80 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 400 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 260 ⁇ m or less.
- the insulating sheet of the present invention is preferably semi-cured by preforming and in a B-stage state, as described in the manufacturing method below.
- the insulating sheet When the insulating sheet is in the B stage state, it becomes easier to improve its adhesion to a metal plate forming a circuit pattern or the like.
- being in a B-stage state is based on the reaction between the epoxy resin and the curing agent detected by, for example, DSC method (differential scanning calorimetry, temperature increase 10 ° C / min, test temperature 25 to 300 ° C). This can be confirmed by observing the exothermic peak. Specifically, when the exothermic peak area of the uncured insulating sheet is taken as 100, the insulating sheet is judged to be in the B stage state if the exothermic peak area is in the range of about 30 to 99.
- peel strength refers to the strength of a laminate obtained by curing an insulating sheet with an aluminum plate on one side and a copper foil on the other side, when the copper foil is peeled off from the cured insulating sheet. This is the actual peel strength.
- the peel strength of the insulating sheet against the copper foil is, for example, 1.0 N/cm or more, from the viewpoint of improving adhesion to the metal plate, but preferably 1.5 N/cm or more, and 2.0 N/cm or more.
- the upper limit of the peel strength is, for example, 20 N/cm, although it is not particularly limited.
- the peel strength may be measured as follows. An insulating sheet is sandwiched between a 1 mm thick aluminum plate and a 35 ⁇ m thick copper foil, and the insulating sheet is press-formed so that it is completely cured to create a laminate consisting of aluminum plate/cured insulating sheet/copper foil. Get a body. Press molding is preferably performed under the conditions described in the examples. Next, the laminate is cut into a size of 50 mm x 120 mm, and the copper foil is peeled off so that a 10 mm wide copper foil remains at the center of the laminate in the width direction to obtain a measurement sample. A 10 mm wide copper foil in a measurement sample is peeled off in accordance with JIS C648, and the peel strength of the copper foil is measured and defined as peel strength.
- the thermal conductivity of the insulating sheet when cured is, for example, 7 W/(m ⁇ K) or more.
- the thermal conductivity is set to a certain value or more as described above, heat dissipation becomes good.
- the thermal conductivity is preferably 9 W/(m ⁇ K) or more, more preferably 12 W/(m ⁇ K) or more, still more preferably 15 W/(m ⁇ K) or more, and more. More preferably, it is 18 W/(m ⁇ K) or more.
- the thermal conductivity when the insulating sheet is cured is not particularly limited, but is practically about 30 W/(m ⁇ K), for example.
- the thermal conductivity when the insulating sheet is cured is determined by preparing three cured measurement sheets of different thicknesses from the insulating sheet, as described in the examples below. It can be determined from the slope of a linear function created from the thermal resistance value and thickness of the measurement sheet.
- the insulating sheet of the present invention has a dielectric breakdown voltage (
- the initial dielectric breakdown voltage (also referred to as A1) is preferably 30 kV/mm or more.
- the dielectric breakdown voltage is more preferably 40 kV/mm or more, even more preferably 50 kV/mm or more, and preferably 60 kV/mm or more.
- the initial dielectric breakdown voltage (A1) is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 200 kV/mm or less.
- the insulating sheet of the present invention also has a low rate of change in insulation when heat treated at 300°C.
- the initial dielectric breakdown voltage (A1) and the dielectric breakdown voltage after heat-treating the above laminate sample at 300 ° C. for 5 minutes also referred to as dielectric breakdown voltage after 300 ° C. treatment (A2)) were measured,
- the dielectric change rate calculated from the initial dielectric breakdown voltage (A1) and the dielectric breakdown voltage (A2) after treatment at 300° C. using the following formula is 30% or less.
- the insulation change rate is 30% or less, even if the cured product of the insulating sheet is heat-treated by reflow or the like, it is possible to suppress the insulation from decreasing.
- the insulation change rate is more preferably 25% or less, still more preferably 20% or less, even more preferably 15% or less.
- the insulating sheet of the present invention may be manufactured, for example, by a method including the following steps (A) to (C).
- step (A) a thermosetting resin, boron nitride aggregate particles, a solvent, and inorganic fillers other than boron nitride aggregate particles, which are blended as necessary, a curing agent, a dispersant, and other additives are mixed. It is preferable to obtain a curable resin composition.
- a dispersant the inorganic filler containing aggregated boron nitride particles and the dispersant are added to a solvent and mixed to create an inorganic filler dispersion, and the inorganic filler dispersion is heated. It may be mixed with the curable resin, as well as a curing agent and other additives blended as necessary.
- the various components may be mixed using various mixers such as a disper, homogenizer, planetary mixer, planetary stirrer, roll mill such as a three-roll mill, and kneader.
- mixers such as a disper, homogenizer, planetary mixer, planetary stirrer, roll mill such as a three-roll mill, and kneader.
- each component can be mixed appropriately, and the inorganic filler such as boron nitride aggregate particles can be appropriately dispersed in the insulating sheet.
- the above mixers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Furthermore, among the above-mentioned mixers, it is preferable to use at least a disper, a homogenizer, a planetary mixer, and a planetary stirrer, and after mixing each component with any one of these, separate It is also preferable to further mix in a mixer.
- inorganic fillers such as boron nitride aggregate particles can be more appropriately dispersed in the curable resin composition. It becomes easier to improve insulation properties and insulation properties after heat treatment.
- the solvent to be added to the curable resin composition is not particularly limited as long as it can be appropriately volatilized during the drying process and preforming described below, but for example, a solvent with a boiling point of 70°C or higher and 200°C or lower is used. be able to. Since the boiling point is within the above range, the weight reduction rate can be easily adjusted within a predetermined range in step (C) described below.
- the boiling point is preferably 100°C or higher, more preferably 130°C or higher, and preferably 185°C or lower, more preferably 170°C or lower.
- the solvent include ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as n-heptane and cyclohexane, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, ethyl acetate, Ester solvents such as n-butyl acetate and ethyl butyrate, glycol ester solvents such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol Examples include various organic solvents such as ether solvents such as monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl
- solvents may be used alone, or two or more may be used as a mixed solvent.
- methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, etc. are preferred, and cyclohexanone is most preferred, from the viewpoint of being able to improve the dispersibility of boron nitride aggregated particles.
- the blending amount of the solvent in the curable resin composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 25% by mass or more and 44% by mass or less based on 100% by mass of the curable resin composition.
- the blending amount of the solvent in the curable resin composition is more preferably 32% by mass or more and 41% by mass or less, and even more preferably 36% by mass or more and 39% by mass or less.
- step (B) the curable resin composition obtained in step (A) is formed into a thin film.
- the method of forming into a thin film is not particularly limited, but for example, it is preferable to apply the curable resin composition onto a support such as a release sheet to form a thin film.
- the thickness of the thin film may be adjusted as appropriate so that the thickness of the insulating sheet obtained through step (C) described below has a desired thickness.
- the method of applying the curable resin composition is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a doctor blade method, a die coating method, a knife coating method, and the like.
- step (C) the curable resin composition formed into a thin film in step (B) is treated by drying, preforming, etc. so that the weight loss rate is 0.10% or more and 1.00% or less.
- preforming after drying the curable resin composition it becomes easier to adjust the weight reduction rate within the above-mentioned predetermined range.
- the obtained insulating sheet typically becomes a semi-cured so-called B-stage state, and the peel strength with respect to the copper foil described above can be easily increased.
- the curable resin composition is preferably heated and dried in order to adjust the weight reduction rate within a predetermined range.
- the curing of the thermosetting resin contained in the curable resin composition is prevented, and when the insulating sheet is cured and bonded to the metal plate. It is possible to prevent the adhesion to the metal plate from decreasing.
- the volatilization of low molecular weight components such as solvents can proceed appropriately.
- the drying temperature is specifically preferably 60°C or more and 130°C or less, more preferably 70°C or more and 120°C or less, and even more preferably 70°C or more and 100°C or less.
- the drying time may be adjusted to appropriately volatilize low molecular weight components such as solvents in the curable resin composition, and is, for example, 5 minutes or more and 30 minutes or less, preferably 8 minutes or more and 25 minutes or less. .
- Suitable drying conditions vary depending on the thickness of the insulating sheet to be obtained.
- the drying temperature is 60° C. or more and 130° C.
- the thin film thermosetting resin composition is preferably preformed after drying as described above.
- the boron nitride aggregate particles contained in the thermosetting resin composition are compressed, and the insulation and heat dissipation properties of the insulating sheet are ensured. Further, low molecular weight components such as solvents inside the insulating sheet, particularly inside the voids and pores of the boron nitride aggregate particles, can be appropriately removed.
- the preforming is preferably performed by heating and pressurizing from the viewpoint of appropriately volatilizing low molecular weight components such as solvents and easily adjusting the weight reduction rate within an appropriate range.
- the curing of the thermosetting resin contained in the curable resin composition does not proceed any further than necessary, and it is possible to harden the metal plate. It is possible to prevent the adhesion of the insulating sheet to the metal plate from decreasing during bonding.
- low molecular weight components such as a solvent can be appropriately volatilized from inside the boron nitride aggregate particles.
- the heating temperature during preforming is preferably 90°C or more and 140°C or less, more preferably 100°C or more and 130°C or less.
- the pressure during preforming is preferably 10 MPa or more and 30 MPa or less, more preferably 15 MPa or more and 25 MPa or less.
- the preforming time is preferably 10 minutes or more and 100 minutes or less, more preferably 15 minutes or more and 90 minutes or less.
- Suitable preforming conditions differ depending on the thickness of the insulating sheet to be obtained.
- the preforming conditions are 100 ⁇ m or more and less than 130 ⁇ m.
- it is carried out for 15 minutes or more and 45 minutes or less at a temperature of 115 °C or more and 130 °C or less and a pressure of 15 MPa or more and 25 MPa or less, and for 25 minutes or more and 35 minutes or less at a temperature of 115 °C or more and 125 °C or less and a pressure of 17 MPa or more and 23 MPa or less. It is more preferable to do so.
- the preforming conditions are at a temperature of 100°C or more and 130°C or less, and a pressure of 15 MPa or more and 25 MPa or less for 30 minutes or more and 60 minutes. It is preferable to carry out the following, and it is more preferable to carry out at a temperature of 115° C. or more and 125° C. or less and a pressure of 17 MPa or more and 23 MPa or less for 40 minutes or more and 50 minutes or less.
- the preforming conditions are a temperature of 100°C or more and 130°C or less, and a pressure of 15 MPa or more and 25 MPa or less for 45 minutes or more and 90° C. It is preferable to carry out the heating for at least 55 minutes, and more preferably for at least 55 minutes and at most 65 minutes at a temperature of 115° C. or higher and 125° C. or lower and a pressure of 17 MPa or higher and 23 MPa or lower.
- Preforming is preferably performed by press molding.
- Press molding is preferably performed by sandwiching the thin film-like curable resin composition between a pair of press plates.
- the thin film-like curable resin composition when it is formed on a support, it may be press-molded while being formed on the support, or it may be peeled from the support and press-molded. It's okay.
- the degree of vacuum may be, for example, 10 kPa or less, regardless of the temperature, sheet thickness, and molding pressure during preforming, but it is preferably 0.5 kPa or more and 2.0 kPa or less, and should be about 1.0 kPa. is more preferable.
- press molding may be performed by the following method, although it is not particularly limited. That is, first, two thin film-like curable resin compositions formed on a support such as a release sheet are prepared, and a laminate is created by laminating these curable resin compositions so that the curable resin compositions are in contact with each other. prepare. Then, both sides of the laminate are sandwiched between two press plates and hot pressed. Since the insulating sheet manufactured by such a method has a two-layer structure, the frequency at which insulating sheets in which pinholes are formed can be manufactured can be reduced, and the manufacturing yield can be improved. Further, since the release sheet can be easily placed at the position where it contacts the press surface plate, work efficiency is improved.
- the insulating sheet in the present invention can be cured by heating at a temperature equal to or higher than the curing temperature of the thermosetting resin to obtain a cured product of the insulating sheet. Curing is preferably carried out by heating under pressure.
- the cured product of the insulating sheet can constitute a part of the laminate shown below.
- the laminate of the present invention includes, in addition to the cured insulating sheet 10 of the present invention, a metal base plate 11 and a metal plate 12. This is a laminate 13 including a cured product 10 and a metal plate 12 in this order.
- the laminate of the present invention is preferably manufactured by press molding.
- a laminate may be obtained by stacking a metal base plate, an insulating sheet, and a metal plate in this order and press-molding them.
- the insulating sheet is completely cured, and the cured product of the insulating sheet can adhere to the metal base plate and the metal plate with an adhesive force of a certain level or more.
- the press molding may be performed, for example, at a temperature of 150° C. or more and 250° C. or less, preferably 180° C. or more and 210° C. or less, and at a pressure of 8 MPa or more and 25 MPa or less.
- the pressing time is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 10 minutes or more and 240 minutes or less, preferably about 30 minutes or more and 200 minutes or less.
- the pressing process may be performed under normal pressure, or may be performed using a vacuum press.
- the laminate of the metal base plate, the insulating sheet, and the metal plate is preferably pressed under a reduced pressure environment, specifically, for example, under a pressure of 10 kPa or less, preferably 3 kPa or less, more preferably 1.5 kPa or less. Pressed under environmental conditions.
- the thermal conductivity thereof is preferably 10 W/m ⁇ K or more.
- materials used for these include metals such as aluminum, copper, gold, and silver, and graphite sheets. From the viewpoint of increasing thermal conductivity even more effectively, aluminum, copper, or gold is preferable, and aluminum or copper is more preferable.
- the thickness of the metal base plate 11 is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 5 mm or less, and the thickness of the metal plate 12 is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 2000 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 900 ⁇ m or less.
- the metal plate includes a plate such as a copper plate and a foil such as copper foil.
- the laminate 13 is preferably used as a circuit board.
- the metal plate 12 in the laminate 13 may have a circuit pattern.
- the circuit pattern may be patterned as appropriate depending on the elements to be mounted on the circuit board. Although the circuit pattern is not particularly limited, it may be formed by etching or the like. Further, in the circuit board, the metal base plate 11 is used as a heat sink or the like.
- the present invention also provides a semiconductor device having the above-mentioned laminate.
- the semiconductor device 15 includes a laminate 13 having a cured insulating sheet 10, a metal base plate 11, and a metal plate 12; A semiconductor element 14 is provided.
- the metal plate 12 is preferably patterned by etching or the like and has a circuit pattern.
- each semiconductor element 14 is connected to the metal plate 12 via a connecting conductive portion 16 formed on the metal plate 12.
- the connection conductive portion 16 is preferably formed of solder.
- a sealing resin 19 is provided on the surface of the laminate 13 on the metal plate 12 side. Then, it is preferable that at least the semiconductor element 14 is sealed with the sealing resin 19, and if necessary, the metal plate 12 is also sealed with the sealing resin 19 together with the semiconductor element 14.
- the semiconductor device 15 is preferably a power module.
- Power modules are used, for example, in inverters. Further, the power module is used, for example, in industrial equipment such as elevators and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), but its use is not particularly limited.
- a lead 20 is connected to the metal plate 12.
- the lead 20 extends to the outside from the sealing resin 19, for example, and connects the metal plate 12 to an external device or the like.
- a wire 17 may be connected to the semiconductor element 14.
- the wire 17 may connect the semiconductor element 14 to another semiconductor element 14, the metal plate 12, the lead 20, etc. as shown in FIG.
- the semiconductor element 14 generates heat when driven by power supplied through the leads 20, etc., but the heat generated in the semiconductor element 14 is propagated to the metal base plate 11 via the cured insulating sheet 10, and Heat is radiated from the base plate 11.
- the metal base plate 11 may be connected to a heat sink consisting of radiation fins or the like, if necessary.
- the semiconductor device 15 is preferably manufactured through a reflow process in its manufacturing process. Specifically, in the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device 15, first, the laminate 13 is prepared, and the connection conductive portion 16 is formed on the metal plate 12 of the laminate 13 by solder printing or the like. A semiconductor element 14 is mounted thereon. Thereafter, the stacked body 13 with the semiconductor element 14 mounted thereon is passed through a reflow oven, heated inside the reflow oven, and the semiconductor element 14 is connected to the top of the metal plate 12 by the connection conductive part 16. Note that the temperature inside the reflow oven is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 200 to 300°C.
- the semiconductor element 14 may be sealed by laminating the sealing resin 19 on the laminate 13 after the reflow process. Further, before sealing with the sealing resin 19, it is preferable to attach wires 17, leads 20, etc. as appropriate.
- the mode in which the semiconductor element 14 is connected to the metal plate 12 through a reflow process has been described above, the embodiment is not limited to this mode. It may also be connected to a board (not shown).
- the measurement method and evaluation method of each physical property are as follows.
- [Weight reduction rate] The results were obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples using a simultaneous differential thermogravimetric measurement device (device name: TG/DTA7300, manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd.) under conditions of a heating rate of 10°C/min under a stream of dry nitrogen.
- the weight loss rate of the insulating sheet was determined when the temperature was raised from 50°C to 200°C. Note that the insulating sheet obtained in the preforming process was stored in an aluminum pack, and measured within 24 hours after the preforming process. However, in the comparative example in which the preforming process was not performed, the sheet obtained in the drying process was stored in an aluminum pack and measured within 24 hours after the drying process.
- a to D are also added to the weight loss rate values according to the following criteria.
- Measurement sheet 1 was prepared by laminating Teflon (registered trademark) sheets on both sides of one insulating sheet obtained in each example and comparative example and vacuum pressing at a temperature of 195° C. and a pressure of 20 MPa. .
- Measurement sheets 2 and 3 were also produced by vacuum pressing a stack of three insulating sheets and a stack of five insulating sheets under the same conditions as above.
- the thermal resistance values of measurement sheets 1 to 3 were measured, and the thermal conductivity was measured in a steady state method using the following formula from the slope expressed by the thermal resistance value with respect to the sheet thickness (based on ASTM D5470).
- "T3Ster-DynTIM" manufactured by Mentor Graphics was used as a measuring device.
- Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) 1/((Inclination (thermal resistance value/sheet thickness): K/(W ⁇ m)) ⁇ (Measurement area: cm 2 )) ⁇ 10 -2
- the sheet thickness when calculating the slope is the thickness ( ⁇ m) when pressed at 3400 kPa
- the thermal resistance value is the thermal resistance value (K / W) calculated when pressed at 3400 kPa
- the slope is This is the slope of a linear function determined by the least squares method.
- the measurement area is the area (cm 2 ) of the portion that transfers heat.
- Heat dissipation was evaluated based on the measured thermal conductivity using the following evaluation criteria. Note that in terms of heat dissipation, the younger the alphabetical order, the better the heat dissipation.
- a 0.5 mm thick copper plate was superimposed on one side of the insulating sheet obtained in each example and comparative example, and a 2.0 mm thick copper plate was superimposed on the other side, and these were heated at a temperature of 195°C and a pressure of 20 MPa.
- a laminate was produced by vacuum pressing (degree of vacuum: 1.0 kPa) for 80 minutes under the following conditions.
- a 5 mm thick copper plate was etched to form a circular pattern with a diameter of 2 cm, and the patterned copper foil was cut into a 4 cm square to obtain a laminate sample.
- a withstand voltage tester (“MODEL 7473” manufactured by ETECH Electronics) 200 V was applied between the laminate samples in Fluorinert, held for 5 seconds, and then increased in 200 V increments and held for 5 seconds in a step boost method. An alternating current voltage was applied so that the voltage increased. The voltage at which a current of 10 mA flowed through the laminate sample was defined as the dielectric breakdown voltage.
- the following evaluation criteria were used to evaluate the measured dielectric breakdown voltage.
- the insulation property means that the younger the alphabetical order, the better.
- Insulation change rate (A1-A2)/A1 ⁇ 100 A: 15% or less B: More than 15% and 20% or less C: More than 20% and less than 25% D: More than 25% and less than 30% E: More than 30%
- a 10 mm wide copper foil in a measurement sample was peeled off in accordance with JIS C 6481, and the peel strength of the copper foil was measured and defined as peel strength.
- a Tensilon universal testing machine was used as a device for measuring peel strength.
- the adhesion to the metal plate was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
- the peel strength means that the younger the peel strength in alphabetical order, the better the peel strength.
- thermosetting resin Epoxy resin 1: "YX7200TY", manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, phenoxy resin, weight average molecular weight 10,000 or more, containing bisphenol TMC skeleton and biphenyl skeleton
- Epoxy resin 2 "JER630", manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, low molecular weight resin
- Epoxy resin 3 "YD127”, manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Materials, low molecular weight resin
- Epoxy resin 4 "CG-500", manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemical Co., Ltd., fluorene type epoxy resin
- a solution obtained by diluting 28 parts by weight of Priamine 1074 (manufactured by Croda), which is a dimer diamine, with 100 parts by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone was added to the obtained solution, and the mixture was stirred at 25°C for 2 hours to react, thereby forming an amic acid oligomer solution. I got it. After removing N-methylpyrrolidone from the obtained amic acid oligomer solution under reduced pressure, it was heated at 300° C. for 2 hours to obtain imide oligomer composition B (imidation rate 93%). The obtained imide oligomer composition B was subjected to 1H-NMR, GPC, and FT-IR analysis.
- imide oligomer composition B is an imide oligomer having a structure represented by the above formula (5-1) or (5-3) (A is 4,4'-(4,4'-isopropylidene diphenoxy ) diphthalic anhydride residue, B is dimer diamine residue). Moreover, the number average molecular weight of the imide oligomer composition B was 2,200.
- Curing agent 4 “2P4MHZ-PW”, manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Co., Ltd., imidazole compound
- thermosetting resin composition Preparation of thermosetting resin composition
- the inorganic filler and dispersant were mixed in a mixing cup according to the formulation shown in Table 1, and cyclohexanone (boiling point 155.6°C) was added as a solvent to make the thermosetting resin composition 38% by mass.
- the mixture was stirred for 3 minutes at 2000 rpm.
- a thermosetting resin and a curing agent were sequentially added and mixed into a mixing cup according to the formulation shown in Table 1, and stirred for 3 minutes at 2000 rpm using a planetary stirrer to obtain a thermosetting resin composition.
- the formulations in each table are shown in proportions based on solid content excluding solvent.
- the blending ratio on a solid content basis substantially corresponds to the blending ratio in the insulating sheet.
- thermosetting resin composition is applied onto a release PET sheet with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m using a doctor blade with a width of 350 mm to a desired thickness, and a thin film of thermosetting resin is applied onto the release PET sheet.
- a sheet formed with a resin composition was obtained.
- the sheet obtained in the coating process was cut into a size of 300 mm x 500 mm, placed on a metal rack, and dried in an oven.
- the oven used was "DKM600” manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.
- the temperature setting of the oven was carried out according to the conditions shown in Table 1.
- thermosetting resin composition was laminated so as to overlap with the release PET sheet still attached, and the insulating sheet in the B-stage state was obtained by preforming according to the conditions in Table 1.
- Ta The release PET sheet was peeled off from the obtained insulating sheet, and each evaluation test was conducted. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1. Note that the preforming was performed by press molding using a hot cold press for PCB molding manufactured by Kitagawa Seiki (model number: VH2-2014) as a molding machine.
- Examples 2 to 34, Comparative Examples 1 to 20 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the formulation and manufacturing conditions were changed as shown in Tables 1 to 4. However, in the example where a dispersant is not blended, mixing in a planetary stirrer is performed by putting all the ingredients into a mixing cup and stirring for 3 minutes at 2000 rpm using a planetary stirrer. A resin composition was obtained. In addition, in each table, for Examples and Comparative Examples described as ⁇ with'' three-roll treatment, the thermosetting resin composition obtained using a planetary stirrer was further subjected to the following treatment, and three-roll treatment was performed. The next step (drying step) was performed on the thermosetting resin composition that had been subjected to the roll treatment.
- thermosetting resin composition obtained using a planetary stirrer was further kneaded by charging it into the apparatus twice in a three-roll ceramic roll mill with a gap between the rolls of 150 ⁇ m.
- the thickness after main molding is the thickness of the cured insulating sheet in the laminate used in the initial insulation test.
- the weight loss rate when the temperature was raised from 50°C to 200°C was within the range of 0.10 to 1.00%, so the boron nitride agglomerated particles Although the content was high at 50% by mass or more, it was possible to suppress a decrease in insulation properties even when heat treated at 300° C. after curing. Furthermore, in a laminate produced by stacking and curing a metal plate and a metal base plate, it was possible to increase the peel strength of the cured product of the insulating sheet with respect to the metal plate. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 18, and 19, the weight loss rate when increasing the temperature from 50°C to 200°C exceeded 1.0%.
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Abstract
Description
[1]熱硬化性樹脂と、無機充填材とを含む絶縁性シートであって、
前記無機充填材は、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含み、
前記窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の含有量は、絶縁性シート100質量%に対して、50質量%以上であり、
示差熱熱重量同時測定装置を用いて、乾燥窒素気流下、昇温速度10℃/分の条件により、前記絶縁性シートを、50℃から200℃まで昇温させたときの重量減少率が0.10%以上1.00%以下である、絶縁性シート。
[2]前記無機充填材は、絶縁性中実フィラーを含む、上記[1]に記載の絶縁性シート。
[3]絶縁性中実フィラーは、多面体アルミナを含む、上記[2]に記載の絶縁性シート。
[4]前記絶縁性シートが硬化剤を含み、
前記硬化剤は、ナフタレン骨格を有するシアネート樹脂又はイミドオリゴマーを含む、上記[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁性シート。
[5]分散剤をさらに含む、上記[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁性シート。
[6]前記熱硬化性樹脂は、重量平均分子量10000以上の熱硬化性樹脂と、重量平均分子量10000未満の熱硬化性樹脂を含む、上記[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁性シート。
[7]一方の面にアルミニウム板、他方の面に銅箔を重ね合わせて絶縁性シートを硬化させて得た積層体において、前記銅箔をJIS C648に準拠して絶縁性シートの硬化物から引き剥がす際の引き剥がし強度で表されるピール強度が、1.0N/cm以上である上記[1]~[6]のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁性シート。
[8]上記[1]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁性シートの硬化物。
[9]上記[8]に記載の絶縁性シートの硬化物と、金属ベース板と、金属板とを備え、前記金属ベース板上に、前記絶縁性シートの硬化物と前記金属板をこの順に備える積層体。
[10]前記積層体が、回路基板である上記[9]に記載の積層体。
[11]前記金属板が、回路パターンを有する上記[9]又は[10]に記載の積層体。
[12]上記[9]~[11]のいずれか1項に記載の積層体と、前記金属板の上に設けられる半導体素子とを備える半導体装置。
本発明の絶縁性シートは、熱硬化性樹脂と無機充填材を含み、無機充填材が少なくとも窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含む。
本発明の絶縁性シートは、示差熱熱重量同時測定装置を用いて、乾燥窒素気流下、昇温速度10℃/分の条件により、50℃から200℃まで昇温させたときの重量減少率が0.10%以上1.00%以下となるものである。本発明では、重量減少率を上記範囲内とすることで、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を高充填にしても、硬化後にリフローなどにより熱処理しても絶縁性が低下することが抑制される。また、硬化させて金属板と貼り合わせる際の金属板に対する密着性も良好となり、回路剥離なども抑制できる。
上記重量減少率は、絶縁性を向上させる観点から、0.80%以下好ましく、0.60%以下がより好ましく、0.50%以下がさらに好ましく、また、金属板との密着性の観点から、0.12%以上が好ましく、0.15%以上がより好ましく、0.20%以上がさらに好ましい。
本発明の絶縁性シートに含まれる熱硬化性樹脂は、特に限定されないが、例えば、尿素樹脂及びメラミン樹脂等のアミノ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、熱硬化性ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、熱硬化性ポリイミド樹脂及びアミノアルキド樹脂等が挙げられる。絶縁性シートに使用する熱硬化性樹脂は、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。熱硬化性樹脂としては、上記した中でも、エポキシ樹脂が好ましい。
また、高分子量樹脂の重量平均分子量は、10000以上であればよいが、好ましくは20000以上、より好ましくは30000以上であり、また、好ましくは1000000以下、より好ましくは250000以下である。
本発明において、低分子量樹脂及び高分子量樹脂としては、いずれもエポキシ樹脂を使用することが好ましい。ただし、熱硬化性樹脂としてエポキシ樹脂を使用する場合、エポキシ樹脂としては、低分子量樹脂及び高分子量樹脂の何れか一方のみを使用してもよい。
さらに、グリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂は、例えば官能基数が3以上のものを使用するとよく、そのような場合には、硬化後の架橋度が向上して、熱伝導性を向上させやすくなる。
これら低分子量樹脂としてのエポキシ樹脂は、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。2種以上併用する場合には、例えば、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂及びグリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種と、フルオレン型エポキシ樹脂とを併用することが好ましい。
フェノキシ樹脂は、上記各骨格を一分子中に1種有してもよいし、2種以上の骨格を有してもよい。例えば、2種以上の骨格を有するものとしてはビスフェノールTMC骨格とビフェニル骨格を有するものが挙げられる。
上記した絶縁性シートは、硬化剤をさらに含むことが好ましい。硬化剤は、熱硬化性樹脂を硬化させるための成分である。硬化剤としては、例えば、イミドオリゴマー、シアネート樹脂、アミン化合物(アミン硬化剤)、チオール化合物(チオール硬化剤)、ホスフィン化合物、ジシアンジアミド、イミダゾール化合物、フェノール化合物(フェノール硬化剤)、酸無水物、活性エステル化合物、カルボジイミド化合物(カルボジイミド硬化剤)、及びベンゾオキサジン化合物(ベンゾオキサジン硬化剤)等が挙げられる。硬化剤は、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
シアネート樹脂としては、上記の中でもナフタレン骨格を有するシアネート樹脂を使用することで好ましい。ナフタレン骨格を有するシアネート樹脂を使用すると、耐熱性が良好となり、例えば、硬化後にリフローなどにより熱処理しても絶縁性が低下することを抑制しやすくなる。
シアネート樹脂は、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。また、硬化剤として、シアネート樹脂を他の硬化剤と併用してもよい。
なお分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)で測定を行い、ポリスチレン換算により求められる数平均分子量である。GPCによってポリスチレン換算による数平均分子量を測定する際に用いるカラムとしては、例えば、JAIGEL-2H-A(日本分析工業社製)等が挙げられる。
具体的には、溶媒としてテトラヒドロフランを用い、室温にて、流速1mL/minの条件で測定することができる。なお、溶媒は測定するサンプルが溶解するものであれば特に限定されず、流速はカラムや装置にあわせて選択することができる。
式(3-1)及び式(3-2)中、*は、結合位置であり、式(3-1)中、Zは、結合手、酸素原子、カルボニル基、硫黄原子、スルホニル基、結合位置に酸素原子を有していてもよい直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状の2価の炭化水素基、又は、結合位置に酸素原子を有していてもよい芳香環を有する2価の基である。式(3-1)及び式(3-2)中における芳香環の水素原子は置換されていてもよい。
式(2)中、Bは、下記式(4-1)又は下記式(4-2)で表される2価の基であり、R1~R4は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は1価の炭化水素基である。
式(4-1)及び式(4-2)中、*は、結合位置であり、式(4-1)中、Yは、結合手、酸素原子、カルボニル基、硫黄原子、スルホニル基、結合位置に酸素原子を有していてもよい直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状の2価の炭化水素基、又は、結合位置に酸素原子を有していてもよい芳香環を有する2価の基である。式(4-1)及び式(4-2)中のフェニレン基は、一部又は全部の水素原子が水酸基又は1価の炭化水素基で置換されていてもよい。
まず、予めポリアミン化合物を、反応により得られるアミック酸オリゴマーが可溶な溶媒(例えば、N-メチルピロリドン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド等)に溶解させ、得られた溶液に上記式(1)で表される酸二無水物を添加して反応させてアミック酸オリゴマー溶液を得る。次いで、得られたアミック酸オリゴマー溶液から加熱や減圧等により溶媒を除去、又は、水、メタノール、ヘキサン等の貧溶媒中に投入して再沈殿させることによりアミック酸オリゴマーを回収し、更に、約200℃以上で1時間以上加熱してイミド化反応を進行させる。上記式(1)で表される酸二無水物とポリアミンとのモル比、及び、イミド化条件を調整することにより、所望の数平均分子量を有し、両末端に反応性官能基として酸無水物基を有するイミドオリゴマーを得ることができる。
さらに、上記イミドオリゴマーは、上記式(1)で表される酸二無水物に由来するセグメントと、上記したポリアミン化合物に由来するセグメントと、下記式(5)で表されるフェノール性水酸基含有モノアミンに由来するセグメントを有するイミドオリゴマーであってもよい。
この場合、下記式(5)で表されるフェノール性水酸基含有モノアミンに由来するセグメントを主鎖の末端に有することが好ましく、主鎖の両末端に有することがより好ましい。
即ち、上記式(1)で表される酸二無水物と上記式(5)で表されるフェノール性水酸基含有モノアミンとを反応させる方法や、上記式(1)で表される酸二無水物と上記したポリアミン化合物とを反応させた後、更に上記式(5)で表されるフェノール性水酸基含有モノアミンを反応させる方法等が挙げられる。
まず、予め上記式(5)で表されるフェノール性水酸基含有モノアミンを、反応により得られるアミック酸オリゴマーが可溶な溶媒(例えば、N-メチルピロリドン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド等)に溶解させ、得られた溶液に上記式(1)で表される酸二無水物を添加して反応させてアミック酸オリゴマー溶液を得る。次いで、得られたアミック酸オリゴマー溶液から加熱や減圧等により溶媒を除去、又は、水、メタノール、ヘキサン等の貧溶媒中に投入して再沈殿させることによりアミック酸オリゴマーを回収し、更に、約200℃以上で1時間以上加熱してイミド化反応を進行させる。上記式(1)で表される酸二無水物と上記式(5)で表されるフェノール性水酸基含有モノアミンとのモル比、及び、イミド化条件を調整することにより、所望の数平均分子量を有し、両末端に反応性官能基としてフェノール性水酸基を有するイミドオリゴマーを得ることができる。
まず、予めポリアミン化合物を、反応により得られるアミック酸オリゴマーが可溶な溶媒(例えば、N-メチルピロリドン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド等)に溶解させ、得られた溶液に上記式(1)で表される酸二無水物を添加して反応させて、両末端に酸無水物基を有するアミック酸オリゴマー(A)の溶液を得る。次いで、得られたアミック酸オリゴマー(A)の溶液から加熱や減圧等により溶媒を除去、又は、水、メタノール、ヘキサン等の貧溶媒中に投入して再沈殿させることによりアミック酸オリゴマー(A)を回収し、更に、約200℃以上で1時間以上加熱してイミド化反応を進行させる。
このようにして得られた、両末端に反応性官能基として酸無水物基を有するイミドオリゴマーを、再度溶媒(例えば、N-メチルピロリドン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド等)に溶解させ、上記式(5)で表されるフェノール性水酸基含有モノアミンを添加して反応させてアミック酸オリゴマー(B)の溶液を得る。得られたアミック酸オリゴマー(B)の溶液から加熱や減圧等により溶媒を除去、又は、水、メタノール、ヘキサン等の貧溶媒中に投入して再沈殿させることによりアミック酸オリゴマー(B)を回収し、更に、約200℃以上で1時間以上加熱してイミド化反応を進行させる。上記式(1)で表される酸二無水物とポリアミン化合物と上記式(5)で表されるフェノール性水酸基含有モノアミンとのモル比、及び、イミド化条件を調整することにより、所望の数平均分子量を有し、両末端に反応性官能基として水酸基を有するイミドオリゴマーを得ることができる。
本発明の絶縁性シートは、無機充填材として窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含有する。絶縁性シートは、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含有することにより、絶縁性シートの熱伝導性及び絶縁性が向上する。また、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子は、内部に空隙部、細孔部が形成されるが、上記の通り、重量減少率を低くすることで、空隙部、細孔部に残存する低分子量成分も少なくなり、低分子量成分が要因となって、硬化後の熱処理によって絶縁性が低下することを防止できる。
窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の含有量は、例えば90質量%以下であればよいが、87質量%以下が好ましく、75質量%以下がより好ましく、70質量%以下がさらに好ましい。窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の含有量を一定量以下とすることで、熱硬化性樹脂や、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機充填材を一定量以上含有させやすくなる。
窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の一次粒子の長径と短径により求められる平均アスペクト比は、好ましくは1以上、より好ましくは2以上であり、そして好ましくは7以下、より好ましくは6以下である。窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の一次粒子の形状は、特に限定されず、鱗片状などの形状を有してもよいが、他の形状を有してもよい。
まず、クロスセクションポリッシャーにより、絶縁性シート又はその硬化物の断面を表出させ、その表出した断面を走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)で400~1200倍に観察し、観察画像を得る。その観察画像において、画像解析ソフトを用いて、無作為に200個の窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の一次粒子について長径及び短径を測定して、長径/短径により各粒子のアスペクト比を算出し、その200個の平均値を平均アスペクトとする。また、測定した200個の一次粒子の長径の平均値を平均長径とする。なお、長径とは、観察画像において、観察される窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の一次粒子の最も長い部分の長さである。また、短径とは、観察画像において、長径方向に対して垂直な方向における長さである。
凝集粒子の平均粒子径は、レーザー回折・散乱法で測定できる。平均粒子径の算出方法については、累積体積が50%であるときの凝集粒子の粒子径(d50)を平均粒子径として採用する。
また、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の製造方法としては、必ずしも造粒工程は必要ではない。例えば、公知の方法で結晶化させた窒化ホウ素の結晶の成長に伴い、窒化ホウ素の一次粒子が自然に集結することで凝集粒子を形成させてもよい。
また、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子としては、例えば、昭和電工株式会社製の「UHP-G1H」、水島合金鉄株式会社製の「HP-40」シリーズなどが挙げられる。
本発明の絶縁性シートは、上記した窒化ホウ素凝集粒子に加えて、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機充填材を含有してもよい。窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機充填材としては、絶縁性フィラーが好ましく、中でも絶縁性中実フィラーが好ましい。絶縁性中実フィラーは、その内部に空隙部、細孔部がない。そのため、空隙部、細孔部中に残存する低分子量成分を減らすことができるので、硬化後の熱処理による絶縁性の低下が抑制され、熱処理後の絶縁性をより良好に維持しやすくなる。なお、絶縁性フィラーとは、電気絶縁性を有するフィラーであり、電気抵抗率が例えば108[Ω・m]以上のフィラーである。
なお、無機充填材の熱伝導率は、例えば、クロスセクションポリッシャーにて切削加工したフィラー断面に対して、株式会社ベテル製サーマルマイクロスコープを用いて、周期加熱サーモリフレクタンス法により測定することができる。
絶縁性中実フィラーの1次粒子の形状は、特に限定されないが、いかなる形状のフィラーを使用してもよく、鱗片状、球状、破砕状、不定形状、多面体形状、繊維状などのいずれでもよいが、これらの中では球状、多面体形状であることが好ましく、中でも多面体形状がより好ましい。絶縁中実フィラーとして、多面体形状のフィラーを使用することで、絶縁性中実フィラー同士、又は絶縁性中実フィラーが窒化ホウ素凝集粒子に対して面接触することになり、絶縁性シートの熱伝導性をより一層向上させることができる。なお、多面体形状のフィラーは、複数の平面を有する限り、部分的に曲面を有してもよい。また、多面体形状のフィラーを使用することで、硬化後にリフローなどによる熱処理をした後でも絶縁性も良好に維持しやすくなる。
また、これらの中では、熱伝導性及び金属板に対する密着性を高い水準にしつつ、熱処理による絶縁性の低下を防止する観点から、上記した中ではアルミナが好ましく、中でも、熱伝導性をより一層高める観点から、球状アルミナ、多面体アルミナがより好ましく、熱伝導性及び熱処理後の絶縁性を良好にする観点から、多面体アルミナがさらに好ましい。
また、絶縁性中実フィラーの平均粒子径は、絶縁性中実フィラーを絶縁性シートに高充填で配合しやすくなる観点から、100μm以下であることが好ましく、80μm以下であることがより好ましく、70μm以下であることがさらに好ましい。なお、絶縁性中実フィラーの平均粒子径は、例えば100個以上の一次粒子をSEMなどの顕微鏡により観察して各粒子の粒子径を求め、累積数が50%であるときの凝集粒子の粒子径(d50)を平均粒子径として採用するとよい。
絶縁性中実フィラーは、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
なお、無機充填材は、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機充填材として絶縁性中実フィラー以外を含んでもよい。
上記イオン捕捉剤は、単独で用いられてもよいし、2種類以上が組み合わせて用いられてもよい。イオン交換体は、絶縁性シートに含有されるイオンを捕捉して、絶縁性シートに絶縁信頼性を付与しやすくなる。
イオン捕捉剤の含有量は、絶縁性シート100質量%に対して、好ましくは0.05質量%以上であり、より好ましくは0.1質量%以上であり、そして、好ましくは3質量%以下であり、より好ましくは2質量%以下である。
イオン捕捉剤は市販品も使用可能であり、例えば東亞合成社製の「IXEPLAS-B1」、「IXEPLAS-A1」、「IXEPLAS-A2」などを使用できる。
なお、絶縁性シートにおける各無機充填材の含有量は、例えば、無機充填材が単一のフィラーのみ(すなわち、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子単独)からなる場合、灰分測定により測定可能である。一方で、無機充填材が複数種のフィラーを組み合わせている場合、SEM(走査電子顕微鏡)による画像解析にて体積%を算出し、各フィラー及び樹脂の比重から各無機充填材の質量%を算出できる。
本発明の絶縁性シートは、分散剤を含有することが好ましい。絶縁性シートは、分散剤を含有することで、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子などの無機充填材を絶縁性シート中に均一に分散させやすくなり、それにより、放熱性、初期絶縁性、熱処理後の絶縁性、及び金属板への密着性などの各種性能を向上させやすくなる。
分散剤としては、特に限定されないが、ポリエステル系カルボン酸、ポリエーテル系カルボン酸、ポリアクリル系カルボン酸、脂肪族系カルボン酸、ポリシロキサン系カルボン酸、ポリエステル系リン酸、ポリエーテル系リン酸、ポリアクリル系リン酸、脂肪族系リン酸、ポリシロキサン系リン酸、ポリエステル系フェノール、ポリエーテル系フェノール、ポリアクリル系フェノール、脂肪族系フェノール、及びポリシロキサン系フェノール等が挙げられる。分散剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
本発明に係る絶縁性シートは、上記成分以外にも、硬化促進剤、シランカップリング剤などのカップリング剤、難燃剤、酸化防止剤、粘着性付与剤、可塑剤、チキソ性付与剤、及び着色剤などのその他の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。また、絶縁性シートは、その製造方法において溶剤が配合されるが、配合された溶剤は、絶縁性シートにおいても一部残存しているとよい。
本発明の絶縁性シートの厚みは、特に限定されないが、例えば50μm以上500μm以下である。厚みが50μm以上であると、一定の絶縁性、放熱性を確保することができ、厚みが500μm以下であると、後述する回路基板や半導体装置などを薄膜化しやすくなる。また、後述する乾燥工程や、予備成形工程において、絶縁性シートから溶剤などを揮発させやすくなり、上記した重量減少率を低くしやすくなる。絶縁絶縁性シートの厚みは、好ましくは80μm以上、より好ましくは100μm以上であり、そして好ましくは400μm以下であり、より好ましくは260μm以下である。
なお、B-ステージ状態であることは、例えば、DSC法(示差走査熱量測定法、昇温10℃/分、試験温度25~300℃)で検出されるエポキシ樹脂と硬化剤との反応に基づく発熱ピークの観察により確認可能である。
具体的には、未硬化の絶縁性シートの発熱ピーク面積を100としたときに、絶縁性シートの発熱ピーク面積が30~99程度の範囲であるとBステージ状態であると判断する。
絶縁性シートの金属板に対する密着性は、ピール強度によって示すことができる。ここでいうピール強度は、一方の面にアルミニウム板、他方の面に銅箔を重ね合わせて、絶縁性シートを硬化させて得た積層体において、銅箔を絶縁性シートの硬化物から引き剥がす際の引き剥がし強度である。絶縁性シートの銅箔に対するピール強度は、金属板に対する密着性を高める観点から、例えば1.0N/cm以上であるが、1.5N/cm以上であることが好ましく、2.0N/cm以上であることがより好ましく、2.5N/cm以上であることがさらに好ましく、3.0N/cm以上であることがよりさらに好ましい。ピール強度の上限は、特に限定されないが、例えば20N/cmである。
絶縁性シートを硬化した際の熱伝導率は、例えば7W/(m・K)以上である。熱伝導率は、上記の通りに一定以上にすることで、放熱性が良好となる。また、放熱性の観点から、上記熱伝導率は、好ましくは9W/(m・K)以上、より好ましくは12W/(m・K)以上、さらに好ましくは15W/(m・K)以上、よりさらに好ましくは18W/(m・K)以上である。以上の通り、熱伝導率を高くすると、放熱性が優れたものとなり、回路基板として使用した場合に、回路基板上に実装される素子で生じた熱を効率的に外部に逃がすことができる。そのため、例えば、バワーモジュールで使用されるパワー素子など、放熱量の多い素子を実装しても素子の温度が高くなりすぎることを防止できる。また、絶縁性シートを硬化した際の熱伝導率の上限は、特に限定されないが、実用的には例えば30W/(m・K)程度である。
なお、絶縁性シートを硬化した際の熱伝導率は、後述する実施例に記載されるとおり、絶縁性シートから、厚みの異なる、硬化された3枚の測定用シートを用意して、3枚の測定用シートの熱抵抗値と厚みから1次関数を作製して、その傾きより求めることができる。
本発明の絶縁性シートは、一方の面に厚み0.5mmの銅板を重ね合わせ、他方の面に厚み2.0mmの銅板を重ね合わせて、硬化させて得た積層体サンプルにおける絶縁破壊電圧(初期絶縁破壊電圧(A1)ともいう)が、30kV/mm以上であることが好ましい。初期絶縁破壊電圧(A1)が30kV/mm以上であると、絶縁性シートは絶縁性に優れ、回路基板などとして好適に使用できる。絶縁破壊電圧は、40kV/mm以上であることがより好ましく、50kV/mm以上であることがさらに好ましく、60kV/mm以上であることが好ましい。また、初期絶縁破壊電圧(A1)は特に限定されないが、例えば200kV/mm以下である。
絶縁変化率(%)=(A1-A2)/A1×100
本発明の絶縁性シートは、例えば、以下の工程(A)~(C)を含む方法により製造されるとよい。
工程(A):少なくとも熱硬化性樹脂、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子、及び溶剤を含む、硬化性樹脂組成物を得る。
工程(B):硬化性樹脂組成物を薄膜状に成形する。
工程(C):薄膜状に成形した硬化性樹脂組成物を、重量減少率が0.10%以上1.00%以下となるように処理する。
以下、各工程についてより詳細に説明する。
工程(A)では、熱硬化性樹脂、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子、溶剤、並びに必要に応じて配合される窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機充填材、硬化剤、分散剤、及びその他の添加剤を混合して、硬化性樹脂組成物を得るとよい。
ここで、分散剤を使用する場合には、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含む無機充填材と分散剤を溶剤に添加して混合して、無機充填材分散液を作製し、無機充填材分散液を熱硬化性樹脂、並びに必要に応じて配合される硬化剤及びその他の添加剤に混合してもよい。無機充填材分散液を予め作製しておくことで、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子などの無機充填材を絶縁性シート中により適切に分散させやすくなる。
これら溶剤は、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を使用して混合溶剤としてもよい。これらの中では、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の分散性を高めることができる観点から、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルイソブチルケトンなどが好ましく、シクロヘキサノンが最も好ましい。
硬化性樹脂組成物における溶剤の配合量は、32質量%以上41質量%以下がより好ましく、36質量%以上39質量%以下がさらに好ましい。
工程(B)では、工程(A)にて得られた硬化性樹脂組成物を薄膜状に成形する。薄膜状に成形する方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば、硬化性樹脂組成物を剥離シートなどの支持体上に塗布して薄膜状にするとよい。薄膜の厚みは、後述する工程(C)を経ることで得られる絶縁性シートの厚みが、所望の厚みとなるように適宜調整されるとよい。また、硬化性樹脂組成物を塗布する方法は、特に限定されず、ドクターブレード法、ダイコート法、ナイフコート法などが挙げられる。
工程(C)では、工程(B)で薄膜状に成形した硬化性樹脂組成物を、乾燥、予備成形などにより、重量減少率が0.10%以上1.00%以下となるように処理して絶縁性シートを得るとよいが、乾燥工程を経た後に予備成形を行うことが好ましい。硬化性樹脂組成物を乾燥させた後に、予備成形を行うことで、重量減少率を上記した所定の範囲内に調整しやすくなる。また、予備成形することで、得られる絶縁性シートは、典型的には、半硬化されたいわゆるBステージ状態となり、上記した銅箔に対するピール強度なども高めやすくなる。
また、乾燥時間は、硬化性樹脂組成物中の溶剤などの低分子量成分を適度に揮発させるように調整すればよいが、例えば5分間以上30分間以下、好ましくは8分間以上25分間以下である。
また、予備成形後の絶縁性シートの厚みが130μm以上180μm未満のものを作製する際には、乾燥温度70℃以上130℃以下で5分間以上20分間以下乾燥することが好ましく、乾燥温度75℃以上85℃以下で、12分間以上18分間以下乾燥することが更に好ましい。
また、予備成形後の絶縁性シートの厚みが180μm以上260μm以下のものを作製する際には、乾燥温度80℃以上130℃以下で10分間以上25分間以下乾燥することが好ましく、乾燥温度85℃以上95℃以下で、12分間以上18分間以下乾燥することが更に好ましい。
また、予備成形の時間は、硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化を必要以上に進行してしまい、密着性が失活するのを防止する観点から長くしすぎないほうがよい一方で、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の空隙部、細孔部内部の溶剤などの低分子量成分を十分に除去する観点からは短くしすぎないほうがよい。以上の観点から、予備成形の時間は、10分間以上100分間以下が好ましく、15分間以上90分間以下がより好ましい。
また、予備成形後の絶縁性シートの厚みが130μm以上180μm未満のものを作製する際には、予備成形条件は100℃以上130℃以下の温度、15MPa以上25MPa以下の圧力で30分間以上60分間以下行うことが好ましく、115℃以上125℃以下の温度、17MPa以上23MPa以下の圧力で、40分間以上50分間以下行うことがより好ましい。
また、予備成形後の絶縁性シートの厚みが180μm以上260μm以下のものを作製する際には、予備成形条件は温度100℃以上130℃以下の温度、15MPa以上25MPa以下の圧力で45分間以上90分間以下行うことが好ましく、115℃以上125℃以下の温度、17MPa以上23MPa以下の圧力で、55分間以上65分間以下行うことがより好ましい。
また、予備成形の際、予備成形機内を真空吸引することも好ましい。真空吸引により絶縁性シート内部の低分子量成分をより一層排出させやすくなる。真空度は、予備成形時の温度、シート厚み、及び成形圧に関わらず、例えば10kPa以下であればよいが、0.5kPa以上2.0kPa以下であることが好ましく、1.0kPa程度であることがより好ましい。
本発明における絶縁性シートは、熱硬化性樹脂の硬化温度以上の温度で加熱することにより硬化させ、絶縁性シートの硬化物とすることができる。硬化は、加圧下で加熱して行うことが好ましい。絶縁性シートの硬化物は、以下で示す積層体の一部を構成することができる。
本発明の積層体は、図1に示すように、本発明の絶縁性シートの硬化物10に加えて、金属ベース板11及び金属板12を備え、金属ベース板11上に、絶縁性シートの硬化物10及び金属板12をこの順に備える積層体13である。
プレス成形は、例えば、150℃以上250℃以下、好ましくは180℃以上210℃以下において、例えば8MPa以上25MPa以下の圧力において行うとよい。
また、プレス時間は、特に限定されないが、例えば、10分間以上240分間以下、好ましくは30分間以上200分間以下程度である。
プレス処理は、常圧下で行われてもよいが、真空プレスで行われてもよい。金属ベース板、絶縁性シート、及び金属板の積層体は、減圧環境下でプレス処理されるとよく、具体的には、例えば、10kPa以下、好ましくは3kPa以下、より好ましくは1.5kPa以下の環境下でプレス処理される。
金属ベース板11の厚みは、0.1mm以上5mm以下であることが好ましく、金属板12の厚みは、10μm以上2000μm以下であることが好ましく、10μm以上900μm以下であることがより好ましい。なお、金属板としては、銅板のような板や銅箔のような箔の場合も含む。
本発明は、上記積層体を有する半導体装置も提供する。具体的には、図2に示すように、半導体装置15は、絶縁性シートの硬化物10、金属ベース板11及び金属板12を有する積層体13と、積層体13の金属板12の上に設けられる半導体素子14とを備える。金属板12は、エッチングなどによりパターニングされ、回路パターンを有するとよい。
半導体素子14は、特に限定されないが、少なくとも1つがパワー素子(すなわち、電力用半導体素子)であることが好ましく、それにより、半導体装置15がパワーモジュールであることが好ましい。パワーモジュールは、例えば、インバータなどに使用される。
また、パワーモジュールは、例えば、エレベータ、無停電電源装置(UPS)等の産業用機器において使用されるが、その用途は特に限定されない。
半導体素子14は、リード20などを介して電力が供給されて駆動すると発熱するが、半導体素子14で発生した熱は、絶縁性シートの硬化物10を介して金属ベース板11に伝播され、金属ベース板11から放熱される。金属ベース板11は、必要に応じて放熱フィンなどからなるヒートシンクに接続されるとよい。
なお、以上では、リフロー工程により半導体素子14を金属板12に接続させる態様を示したが、このような態様に限定されず、例えば、リフロー工程により、積層体13(すなわち、回路基板)を別の基板(図示しない)に接続してもよい。
[重量減少率]
示差熱熱重量同時測定装置(装置名「TG/DTA7300」、日立ハイテクサイエンス社製)を用いて、乾燥窒素気流下、昇温速度10℃/分の条件により、実施例及び比較例で得られた絶縁性シートを、50℃から200℃まで昇温させたときの重量減少率を求めた。なお、絶縁性シートは、予備成形工程で得られたものをアルミパックに保管し、予備成形工程後24時間以内に測定した。ただし、予備成形工程を行っていない比較例においては、乾燥工程で得られたシートをアルミパックに保管し、乾燥工程後24時間以内に測定した。
表1~3には、重量減少率の値に以下の基準に従ってA~Dも付記した。
A:0.10%以上0.50%以下
B:0.50%超1.00%以下
C:1.00%超
D:0.10%未満
各実施例、比較例で得られた1枚の絶縁性シートの両面にテフロン(登録商標)シートを積層し、温度195℃、圧力20MPaの条件で真空プレスすることにより測定用シート1を作製した。また、3枚の絶縁性シートを重ねあせたもの、及び5枚の絶縁性シートを重ね合わせたものを、上記と同様の条件で真空プレスすることにより測定用シート2、3を作製した。
測定用シート1~3の熱抵抗値を測定し、シート厚みに対する熱抵抗値で表される傾きから、以下の式により定常法での熱伝導率を測定した(ASTMD5470準拠)。測定装置としては、Mentor Graphics社製の「T3Ster-DynTIM」を使用した。
式:熱伝導率(W/m・K)=1/((傾き(熱抵抗値/シート厚み):K/(W・μm))×(測定面積:cm2))×10―2
なお、傾きを求める際のシート厚みは、3400kPaでプレスした際の厚み(μm)であり、熱抵抗値は3400kPaでプレスした際に求めた熱抵抗値(K/W)であり、傾きは、最小二乗法により求めた1次関数の傾きである。測定面積は、熱を伝達する部分の面積(cm2)である。
A:18W/(m・K)以上
B:15W/(m・K)以上18W/(m・K)未満
C:12W/(m・K)以上15W/(m・K)未満
D:9W/(m・K)以上12W/(m・K)未満
E:7W/(m・K)以上9W/(m・K)未満
F:7W/(m・K)未満
各実施例、比較例で得た絶縁性シートの一方の面に厚み0.5mmの銅板を重ね合わせ、他方の面に厚み2.0mmの銅板を重ね合わせて、これらを温度195℃、圧力20MPaの条件で80分間真空プレス(真空度:1.0kPa)することにより積層体を作製した。得られた積層体において、5mm厚みの銅板をエッチングすることにより、直径2cmの円形にパターニングして、パターニングされた銅箔を中心に4cm角に切り出して積層体サンプルを得た。
耐電圧試験機(ETECH Electronics社製「MODEL7473」)を用いて、フロリナート中で積層体サンプル間に200Vを印加し、5秒保持したのち、200Vずつ昇圧し同様に5秒保持するステップ昇圧法を用いて電圧が上昇するように、交流電圧を印加した。積層体サンプルに10mAの電流が流れた電圧を絶縁破壊電圧とした。
測定された絶縁破壊電圧により、以下の評価基準で評価した。なお、絶縁性は、アルファベット順で若いほうが優れていることを意味する。
A:60kV/mm以上
B:50kV/mm以上60kV/mm未満
C:40kV/mm以上50kV/mm未満
D:30kV/mm以上40kV/mm未満
E:30kV/mm未満
初期絶縁性評価と同様にして、4cm角の積層体サンプルを得た。得られた積層体サンプルを2mm銅板側をホットプレート面に設置し、積層体サンプルの絶縁性シートの硬化物の表面温度が300℃になるようにホットプレートの設定温度を調整し、その状態で積層体サンプルを5分間加熱処理した。加熱処理後の積層体サンプルに対して、初期絶縁性評価と同様に、絶縁破壊電圧を測定した。測定された絶縁破壊電圧より、上記評価基準により300℃処理後の絶縁性を評価した。
初期の絶縁破壊電圧(A1)と、300℃処理後の絶縁破壊電圧(A2)より絶縁変化率を求め、以下の評価基準により評価した。なお、絶縁変化率は、アルファベット順で若いほうが優れていることを意味する。
絶縁変化率(%)=(A1-A2)/A1×100
A:15%以下
B:15%超20%以下
C:20%超25%以下
D:25%超30%以下
E:30%超
各実施例、比較例で得られた絶縁性シートの一方の面に厚み35μmの銅箔を重ね合わせて、他方の面に厚み1mmのアルミニウム板を重ね合わせて、温度195℃、圧力20MPaの条件で80分間真空プレス(真空度:1.0kPa)することにより積層体を得た。得られた積層体を50mm×120mmの大きさに切り出し、かつ積層体の幅方向の中央に10mmの銅箔が残るように銅箔を剥がして、測定サンプルを得た。測定サンプルにおける10mm幅の銅箔を、JIS C 6481に準拠して、引き剥がした際の銅箔の引き剥がし強さを測定し、ピール強度とした。ピール強度の測定装置としては、テンシロン万能試験機を用いた。
A:3.0N/cm以上
B:2.5N/cm以上3.0N/cm未満
C:2.0N/cm以上2.5N/cm未満
D:1.5N/cm以上2.0N/cm未満
E:1.0N/cm以上1.5N/cm未満
F:1.0N/cm未満
(熱硬化性樹脂)
エポキシ樹脂1:「YX7200TY」、三菱ケミカル社製、フェノキシ樹脂、重量平均分子量10000以上、ビスフェノールTMC骨格及びビフェニル骨格を含有
エポキシ樹脂2:「JER630」、三菱ケミカル社製、低分子量樹脂、グリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂
エポキシ樹脂3:「YD127」、日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル社製、低分子量樹脂、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂
エポキシ樹脂4:「CG-500」、大阪ガスケミカル株式会社製、フルオレン型エポキシ樹脂
硬化剤1:「NCN」、三菱ガス化学社製、ナフタレン骨格含有シアネート樹脂
硬化剤2:「BA3000S」、ロンザジャパン社製、ビスフェノールA型シアネート樹脂
硬化剤3:IMO-1
IMO-1は以下の通り作製した。
4,4’-(4,4’-イソプロピリデンジフェノキシ)ジフタル酸無水物(東京化成工業社製)104重量部をN-メチルピロリドン(富士フイルム和光純薬社製、「NMP」)300重量部に溶解させた。得られた溶液にダイマージアミンであるプリアミン1074(クローダ社製)28重量部をN-メチルピロリドン100重量部で希釈した溶液を添加し、25℃で2時間撹拌して反応させてアミック酸オリゴマー溶液を得た。得られたアミック酸オリゴマー溶液からN-メチルピロリドンを減圧除去した後、300℃で2時間加熱することにより、イミドオリゴマー組成物B(イミド化率93%)を得た。
得られたイミドオリゴマー組成物Bについて、1H-NMR、GPC、及び、FT-IR分析を行った。その結果、イミドオリゴマー組成物Bは、上記式(5-1)又は(5-3)で表される構造を有するイミドオリゴマー(Aは4,4’-(4,4’-イソプロピリデンジフェノキシ)ジフタル酸無水物残基、Bはダイマージアミン残基)を含むことを確認した。また、該イミドオリゴマー組成物Bの数平均分子量は2200であった。
硬化剤4:「2P4MHZ-PW」、四国化成社製、イミダゾール化合物
充填材1:「HP40 MF100」、水島合金鉄株式会社製、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子、凝集粒子の平均粒子径40μm
(アルミナ)
充填材1:「AH40-S」、DIC社製、多面体アルミナ、平均粒子径32μm
充填材2:「AA18」、住友化学社製、多面体アルミナ、平均粒子径18μm
充填材3:「AL35-75R」、新日鉄マテリアルズ株式会社、平均粒子径35μm
(分散剤)
分散剤1:「HIPLAAD ED-216」、楠本化成社製、ポリエステル系カルボン酸
(熱硬化性樹脂組成物の調製)
表1の配合で無機充填材と分散剤を配合カップに混合し、さらに溶剤として熱硬化性樹脂組成物において38質量%となるようにシクロヘキサノン(沸点155.6℃)を加え、遊星撹拌機で2000rpmの条件で3分間攪拌した。その後、熱硬化性樹脂及び硬化剤を表1の配合に従って配合カップに順次追加混合し、遊星式攪拌機を用いて2000rpmの条件で3分間攪拌することにより、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。
なお、各表における配合は、溶剤を除いた固形分基準の配合割合で示す。固形分基準の配合割合は、実質的に絶縁性シートにおける配合割合に一致する。
得られた熱硬化性樹脂組成物を厚み50μmの離型PETシート上に、350mm幅のドクターブレードを用いて任意の厚みになるように塗布し、離型PETシート上に薄膜状の熱硬化性樹脂組成物を形成したシートを得た。
塗工工程で得られたシートを300mm×500mmのサイズにカットし、金属製のラックに置いて、オーブン内において乾燥処理を行った。オーブンはヤマト科学社製の「DKM600」を使用した。オーブンの設定温度は表1の条件に従って実施した。
乾燥したシートを2枚用意して、離型PETシートがついたまま熱硬化性樹脂組成物が重なり合うように積層し、表1の条件に従って予備成形することでBステージ状態の絶縁性シートを得た。得られた絶縁性シートから離型PETシートを剥がして、各評価試験を実施した。評価結果を表1に示す。
なお、予備成形は、成形機として北川精機製のPCB成形用ホットコールドプレス(型番:VH2-2014)を用いて、プレス成形により行った。
配合、及び製造条件を表1~4に記載の通りに変更した以外は実施例1と同様に実施した。ただし、分散剤を配合しない実施例では、遊星式攪拌機における混合は、配合カップに全ての成分を投入して、遊星式攪拌機を用いて2000rpmの条件で3分間攪拌することにより行って熱硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。
また、各表において、3本ロール処理「有り」と記載される実施例、比較例は、遊星式攪拌機を用いて得た熱硬化性樹脂組成物に対してさらに以下の処理を行い、3本ロール処理を行った熱硬化性樹脂組成物に対して、次工程(乾燥工程)を行った。また、真空設定「有り」と記載される実施例、比較例は、予備成形において成形機内を1.0kPaで真空吸引した。さらに、予備成形条件が空欄の比較例は、予備成形を省略したことを示す。
(3本ロール処理)
遊星式攪拌機を用いて得た熱硬化性樹脂組成物をセラミックロール3本ロールミルにてロール間ギャップ150μmの条件で、2回装置に投入することにより、さらに混練した。
一方で、比較例1~3、5、7、8、10、12、13、15、18、19では、50℃から200℃まで昇温させたときの重量減少率が1.0%を超えたため、硬化後に300℃で熱処理すると絶縁性が大きく低下した。
また、比較例4、6、9、11、14、16、20では、重量減少率が0.10%未満であったため、絶縁性シートの金属板に対するピール強度が不十分となり、積層体において、金属板(回路)が絶縁性シートの硬化物から剥離し、各評価を実施できなかった。
さらに、比較例17では、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の含有量が50質量%未満であったため、放熱性を十分に高くすることができなかった。
11 金属ベース板
12 金属板
13 積層体
14 半導体素子
15 半導体装置
16 接続導電部
17 ワイヤ
19 封止樹脂
20 リード
Claims (12)
- 熱硬化性樹脂と、無機充填材とを含む絶縁性シートであって、
前記無機充填材は、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含み、
前記窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の含有量は、絶縁性シート100質量%に対して、50質量%以上であり、
示差熱熱重量同時測定装置を用いて、乾燥窒素気流下、昇温速度10℃/分の条件により、前記絶縁性シートを、50℃から200℃まで昇温させたときの重量減少率が0.10%以上1.00%以下である、絶縁性シート。 - 前記無機充填材は、絶縁性中実フィラーを含む、請求項1に記載の絶縁性シート。
- 絶縁性中実フィラーは、多面体アルミナを含む、請求項2に記載の絶縁性シート。
- 前記絶縁性シートが硬化剤を含み、
前記硬化剤は、ナフタレン骨格を有するシアネート樹脂又はイミドオリゴマーを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁性シート。 - 分散剤をさらに含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁性シート。
- 前記熱硬化性樹脂は、重量平均分子量10000以上の熱硬化性樹脂と、重量平均分子量10000未満の熱硬化性樹脂を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁性シート。
- 一方の面にアルミニウム板、他方の面に銅箔を重ね合わせて絶縁性シートを硬化させて得た積層体において、前記銅箔をJIS C648に準拠して絶縁性シートの硬化物から引き剥がす際の引き剥がし強度で表されるピール強度が、1.0N/cm以上である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁性シート。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁性シートの硬化物。
- 請求項8に記載の絶縁性シートの硬化物と、金属ベース板と、金属板とを備え、前記金属ベース板上に、前記絶縁性シートの硬化物と前記金属板をこの順に備える積層体。
- 前記積層体が、回路基板である請求項9に記載の積層体。
- 前記金属板が、回路パターンを有する請求項9又は10に記載の積層体。
- 請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の積層体と、前記金属板の上に設けられる半導体素子とを備える半導体装置。
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| JP2019150997A (ja) * | 2018-03-01 | 2019-09-12 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 積層体 |
| CN113193220A (zh) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-30 | 深圳氢时代新能源科技有限公司 | 应用于燃料电池中的聚合物电解质复合膜及其制备方法 |
| WO2021153683A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-28 | 2021-08-05 | 東亞合成株式会社 | シルセスキオキサン誘導体及びその利用 |
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| CN113193220A (zh) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-30 | 深圳氢时代新能源科技有限公司 | 应用于燃料电池中的聚合物电解质复合膜及其制备方法 |
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