WO2023189906A1 - Solar battery module - Google Patents

Solar battery module Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023189906A1
WO2023189906A1 PCT/JP2023/011131 JP2023011131W WO2023189906A1 WO 2023189906 A1 WO2023189906 A1 WO 2023189906A1 JP 2023011131 W JP2023011131 W JP 2023011131W WO 2023189906 A1 WO2023189906 A1 WO 2023189906A1
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Prior art keywords
electrode layer
layer
sub
receiving surface
external connection
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PCT/JP2023/011131
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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淳一 中村
広平 小島
徹 寺下
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株式会社カネカ
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Priority to CN202380016899.3A priority Critical patent/CN118542083A/en
Publication of WO2023189906A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023189906A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/40—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising a p-i-n structure, e.g. having a perovskite absorber between p-type and n-type charge transport layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
    • H10K39/10—Organic photovoltaic [PV] modules; Arrays of single organic PV cells
    • H10K39/12—Electrical configurations of PV cells, e.g. series connections or parallel connections

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar cell module.
  • a solar cell submodule is known in which a plurality of solar cell subcells are electrically connected in series on a single base material.
  • the area between the subcells becomes an ineffective area, so the effective area decreases, but it is possible to reduce resistance loss, especially in the electrode on the light receiving surface side. If solar cells are appropriately made into submodules, the reduction in resistance loss will outweigh the reduction in effective area, which will improve photoelectric conversion efficiency.
  • the submodule includes a step of laminating a first electrode layer on a base material, a step of cutting the first electrode layer by first laser irradiation, a step of laminating a power generation layer for photoelectric conversion, and a step of irradiating the power generation layer with a second laser.
  • the steps of cutting the power generation layer and the second electrode layer by a third laser irradiation are performed in this order, and then the first laser irradiation, the second laser irradiation It can be manufactured by a method of forming a plurality of solar cell subcells electrically connected in series by sequentially shifting the position of third laser irradiation little by little.
  • it has also been proposed to form a solar cell module by connecting a plurality of submodules see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell module with high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
  • a solar cell module includes a transparent base sheet, a first electrode layer, a power generation layer, and a second electrode layer in this order from the light-receiving surface side, and the first electrode layer a plurality of first separation grooves extending in a first direction so as to cut the power generation layer; a plurality of second separation grooves extending in the first direction so as to cut the power generation layer; A plurality of third separation grooves are formed extending in the first direction so as to cut the two electrode layers, and one edge in a second direction intersecting the first direction is formed by the first separation groove, and the other edge is a plurality of subcells whose edges are defined by the third separation trench and which are electrically connected in series by the second electrode layer extending into the second separation trench; and one of the subcells in the second direction.
  • a plurality of sub-modules each having an ineffective area defined at one end of the side, and an external connection area defined at the other end in the second direction;
  • the one end in the two directions is arranged to overlap the light receiving surface side of the other end in the second direction of an adjacent submodule, and the width of the invalid area in the second direction is
  • the width of the external connection region in the second direction is less than 20% of the pitch of the plurality of subcells in the second direction, and the width of the external connection region in the second direction is smaller than the pitch of the plurality of subcells in the second direction.
  • An overlap width in the second direction with the external connection area may be smaller than a width in the second direction with the external connection area.
  • the above solar cell module has the second electrode layer of the subcell at the one end in the second direction of the submodule stacked on the light receiving surface side, and the subcell stacked on the side opposite to the light receiving surface.
  • the module may further include a plurality of interconnectors that respectively connect the external connection area of the module to the second electrode layer.
  • the power generation layer may include a photoelectric conversion layer containing a perovskite compound.
  • a solar cell module with high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a solar cell module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a solar cell module 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Note that the dimensions of various members in the drawings have been adjusted for convenience and ease of viewing.
  • the solar cell modules 1 are formed in a band shape extending in a first direction (depth direction in the paper), are arranged side by side in a second direction (horizontal direction in the paper) intersecting the first direction, and are electrically connected in series.
  • a plurality of submodules 10 each having a plurality of subcells C, and a plurality of interconnectors 20 connecting between the submodules 10 are provided.
  • the plurality of sub-modules 10 are stacked such that the end on one side in the second direction (left side in the paper) overlaps the light-receiving surface side (upper side in the paper) of the end of the adjacent sub-module 10 on the other side in the second direction (right side in the paper).
  • the solar cell module 1 may be a submodule that is incorporated into a higher-level module, such as a so-called string in which submodules 10 are connected in a row.
  • the sub-module 10 includes a transparent base sheet 11, a first electrode layer 12, a power generation layer 13, and a second electrode layer 14 in this order from the light-receiving surface side.
  • the sub-module 10 is constructed by cutting a portion of these layers with a plurality of first separation grooves 15, a plurality of second separation grooves 16, and a plurality of third separation grooves 17 extending in the first direction.
  • a plurality of subcells C formed in an extending band shape and lined up in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a plurality of intermediate connecting portions M formed between the subcells C and electrically connecting adjacent subcells C. , an invalid region R formed at one end in the second direction, and an external connection region E formed at the other end in the second direction.
  • the submodule 10 has three subcells C in FIG. 1 shown in a simplified manner, it may actually have a larger number of subcells C.
  • the solar cell module 1 by arranging the ends of the sub-modules 10 so as to overlap each other, the effective area of the sub-cells C can be Therefore, the photoelectric conversion efficiency per area of the solar cell module 1 can be improved.
  • the first separation groove 15, the second separation groove 16, and the third separation groove 17 are formed at equal pitches so that they approach in this order from the other side to the one side in the second direction.
  • the first separation groove 15 cuts the first electrode layer 12
  • the second separation groove 16 cuts the power generation layer 13
  • the third separation groove 17 cuts the power generation layer 13 and the second electrode layer 14. Cut 14.
  • the first separation groove 15 defines the edge of the subcell C on one side in the second direction
  • the third separation groove defines the edge of the effective area of the subcell C on the other side in the second direction
  • the third separation groove 15 defines the edge of the effective area of the subcell C on the other side in the second direction.
  • Grooves 16 provide electrical connections between subcells C by which second electrode layers 14 extend.
  • the range in which the first electrode layer 12, the power generation layer 13, and the second electrode layer 14 all exist continuously is one subcell C that integrally generates electric power
  • the first separation between the subcells C is
  • An intermediate connection portion M is a region where the groove 15, the second separation groove 16, and the third separation groove 17 are formed close to each other.
  • the invalid region R is electrically unnecessary, but is provided to protect the sub-cell C at one end in the second direction.
  • the width of the invalid region R in the second direction is 20% or less of the pitch of the plurality of subcells C in the second direction (the sum of the width of the subcells C and the width of the intermediate connection portion M).
  • the external connection area E is a relay terminal for electrically connecting the first electrode layer 12 of the subcell C at the other end in the second direction to the external circuit of the adjacent submodule 10 or the solar cell module 1.
  • the second electrode layer 14 is provided as a.
  • the width of the external connection region E in the second direction is smaller than the pitch of the plurality of subcells C in the second direction.
  • the overlap width in the second direction between the subcell C at one end in the second direction of the submodule 10 stacked on the light receiving surface side and the external connection area E of the submodule 10 stacked on the opposite side to the light receiving surface is the width of the overlap in the second direction. It is preferable that the width is smaller than the width of the connection region E in the second direction. As a result, the area covered by the sub-module 10 on the other side in the second direction of the sub-module 10 stacked on the side opposite to the light-receiving surface can be reduced, so that the area covered by the sub-module 10 stacked on the light-receiving surface side can be reduced. It is possible to prevent current rate-limiting from occurring due to the subcell C being shielded from light by the submodule 10.
  • the base sheet 11 is a structural member that ensures the strength of the submodule 10.
  • the base sheet 11 may be made of resin such as polyimide, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, or the like. Further, the base sheet 11 may be formed from a flexible resin film in order to form the flexible submodule 10.
  • the first electrode layer 12 collects the first charge generated in the power generation layer 13 and outputs it to the adjacent subcell C or to the outside.
  • the first electrode layer 12 is a positive electrode that collects holes.
  • the first electrode layer 12 is formed from transparent conductive oxide (TCO).
  • TCO transparent conductive oxide
  • indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, and composite oxides thereof can be used.
  • indium-based composite oxides containing indium oxide as a main component are preferred.
  • Indium oxide is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of high conductivity and transparency.
  • the dopant examples include Sn, W, Zn, Ti, Ce, Zr, Mo, Al, Ga, Ge, As, Si, and S.
  • ITO Indium Tin Oxide
  • the first electrode layer 12 may be laminated by, for example, a sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method, or the like.
  • the lower limit of the thickness of the first electrode layer 12 is preferably 5 nm, more preferably 10 nm.
  • the upper limit of the thickness of the first electrode layer 12 is preferably 100 nm, more preferably 50 nm.
  • the power generation layer 13 is a layer that converts incident light into electric power, and may have a multilayer structure including a first charge transport layer 131, a photoelectric conversion layer 132, and a second charge transport layer 133.
  • the power generation layer 13 may have further functional layers.
  • the first charge transport layer 131 is a layer that allows charges of the first polarity generated in the photoelectric conversion layer 132 to pass through, and in this embodiment, is a hole transport layer (HTL) that transports holes to the first electrode layer 12. is planned.
  • the first charge transport layer 131 is made of a metal oxide such as nickel oxide (NiO) or copper oxide (Cu 2 O), such as PTAA (Poly(bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine). ), Spiro-MeOTAD, etc. Further, the first charge transport layer 131 may be formed from self-assembled monolayers (SAM).
  • the first charge transport layer 131 made of a self-assembled monolayer is, for example, 2PACz ([2-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic Acid), MeO-2PACz ([2-(3,6-Dimethoxy -9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic Acid), Me-4PACz ([4-(3,6-Dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic Acid), and the like.
  • the first charge transport layer 131 may be formed by, for example, a sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method, or the like. Further, when the first charge transport layer 131 contains an organic substance, the first charge transport layer 131 may be formed by, for example, applying a solution of the organic substance and drying it.
  • the first charge transport layer 131 made of a self-assembled monolayer is formed by coating and drying a monolayer-forming material solution prepared by dissolving the self-assembled monolayer-forming material in an organic solvent such as ethanol or isopropanol. can be formed.
  • the monomolecular film forming material solution is preferably applied by, for example, a spin coating method.
  • the thickness of the first charge transport layer 131 can vary greatly depending on its material, the structure of adjacent layers, etc., but can be, for example, 1 nm or more and 200 nm or less, and especially when it is a self-assembled monolayer, the material molecule
  • the thickness can be as follows.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer 132 absorbs incident light and generates photocarriers (electrons and holes).
  • the photoelectric conversion layer 132 preferably contains a perovskite compound.
  • the resistance loss of the first electrode layer 12 tends to be relatively large, so it is desirable to reduce the pitch of the subcell C. Therefore, the effect of preventing current rate-limiting from occurring due to the subcell C being shielded from light by the submodule 10 stacked on the light-receiving surface side becomes significant.
  • the perovskite compound contained in the photoelectric conversion layer 132 includes an organic atom A containing at least one of a monovalent organic ammonium ion and an amidinium ion, a metal atom B generating a divalent metal ion, and an iodide ion.
  • a compound represented by ABX 3 containing a halogen atom X containing at least one of I, bromide ion Br, chloride ion Cl, and fluoride ion F can be used.
  • methylammonium MA (CH 3 NH 3 ) is preferable as the organic atom A
  • lead Pb is preferable as the metal atom B
  • the halogen atom At least one of iodide I, bromide ion Br and chloride ion Cl is preferred.
  • preferred perovskite compounds include methylammonium lead halide MAPbX 3 (CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 ), MAPbI 3 , MAPbBr 3 , MAPbCl 3 and the like.
  • the halogen atom X may include a plurality of types. Examples of perovskite compounds containing iodide I and other halogen atoms X include methylammonium lead iodide MAPbI y X (3-y) (CH 3 NH 3 PbI y X (3-y) ), MAPbI y Br ( 3-y) , MAPbI y Cl (3-y) , etc. (y is any positive integer).
  • the photoelectric conversion layer 132 includes a lead halide (PbX 2 ) material and halogen. It can be formed by sequentially depositing methylammonium chloride (MAX) materials and reacting thin films of these materials at reaction temperatures.
  • MAX methylammonium chloride
  • the perovskite compound is methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI y X (3-y) (CH 3 NH 3 PbI y ) material and methylammonium iodide (MAI) material are sequentially formed into films, and the thin films of these materials are reacted at a reaction temperature.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer 132 can also be formed, for example, by a sol-gel method in which a perovskite compound is synthesized within a liquid phase coating film, a coating method in which a solution containing a pre-synthesized perovskite compound is applied, or the like.
  • the thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer 132 depends on the forming material, etc., it is preferably 100 nm or more and 1000 nm or less in order to increase the light absorption rate and reduce the migration distance of the generated charges.
  • the second charge transport layer 133 is a layer that allows charges of the second polarity generated in the photoelectric conversion layer 132 to pass through, and in this embodiment, is an electron transport layer (ETL) that transmits electrons to the second electrode layer 14.
  • ETL electron transport layer
  • the main material of the second charge transport layer 133 which is an electron transport layer, include PTAA (Poly(bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine)), Spiro-MeOTAD, fullerene, etc. It will be done.
  • fullerenes include C60, C70, their hydrides, oxides, metal complexes, derivatives with added alkyl groups, etc., such as PCBM ([6,6]-Phenyl-C61-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester). It will be done.
  • PCBM [6,6]-Phenyl-C61-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester
  • the second charge transport layer 133 may have a multilayer structure.
  • the second charge transport layer 133 can be formed, for example, by a sol-gel method, a coating method, or the like.
  • the thickness of the second charge transport layer 133 may vary greatly depending on its material, the structure of adjacent layers, etc., but may be, for example, 3 nm or more and 30 nm or less.
  • the second electrode layer 14 is an electrode that makes a pair with the first electrode layer 12, and is a negative electrode in this embodiment.
  • the second electrode layer 14 may be formed of a transparent conductive oxide, or may be formed of a composition in which metal or metal particles are bound together with a binder.
  • the second electrode layer 14 made of metal or a material containing metal particles improves photoelectric conversion efficiency by reflecting light that has passed through the power generation layer 13 and making it enter the power generation layer 13 again.
  • the second electrode layer 14 can be formed by laminating metal by a method such as sputtering or plating, or by applying and baking a conductive composition containing metal particles.
  • the lower limit of the thickness of the second electrode layer 14 is preferably 10 nm, more preferably 20 nm.
  • the upper limit of the thickness of the second electrode layer 14 is preferably 200 nm, more preferably 100 nm.
  • the thickness of the second electrode layer 14 is preferably 200 nm, more preferably 100 nm.
  • the first separation trench 15 separates the first electrode layer 12 between the subcells C.
  • the first separation groove 15 may be formed by laser ablation performed after the first electrode layer 12 is laminated on the base sheet 11 and before the power generation layer 13 is laminated. Considering that it is formed by laser ablation, the width of the first separation groove 15 is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. This makes it possible to reliably separate the subcells C and secure the effective area of the subcells C.
  • the second separation groove 16 is formed to electrically connect the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 14.
  • the second separation groove 16 may be formed by laser ablation performed after the power generation layer 13 is laminated on the first electrode layer 12 in which the first separation groove 15 is formed and before the second electrode layer 14 is laminated. Thereby, the second electrode layer 14 extends into the second separation groove 16 and is connected to the first electrode layer 12.
  • the width of the second separation groove 16 may be the same as the width of the first separation groove 15.
  • the third separation groove 17 separates the first charge transport layer 131, the photoelectric conversion layer 132, the second charge transport layer 133, and the second electrode layer 14 between the subcells C.
  • the third separation groove 17 may be formed by laser ablation performed after the second electrode layer 14 is laminated on the power generation layer 13 in which the second separation groove 16 is formed.
  • the width of the third separation groove 17 may be the same as the width of the first separation groove 15.
  • the interconnector 20 connects the second electrode layer 14 of the subcell C at one end in the second direction of the submodule 10 stacked on the light receiving surface side, and the external connection area E of the submodule 10 stacked on the side opposite to the light receiving surface. and the second electrode layer 14 are connected to each other.
  • the interconnector 20 may be formed from a metal material and connected to the second electrode layer 14 by, for example, solder, conductive adhesive, or the like. Further, the interconnector 20 may include a base film and a conductive adhesive layer laminated on the base film, and may electrically connect the submodules 10 by the conductivity of the conductive adhesive layer.
  • the solar cell module 1 having the above configuration is arranged such that one end of the sub-module 10 in the second direction overlaps the light-receiving surface side of the other end of the adjacent sub-module 10 in the second direction. At the same time, high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be achieved because current rate limiting is not caused in the subcell C of the submodule 10 on the side opposite to the light receiving surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

A solar battery module (1) according to one aspect of the present invention has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and comprises a plurality of sub-modules (10), each of which: has a transparent base sheet (11), a first electrode layer (12), a power generation layer (13), and a second electrode layer (14) in the stated order from the light reception surface side; has formed therein a plurality of first separation grooves (15), a plurality of second separation grooves (16), and a plurality of third separation grooves (17), all the grooves extending in a first direction; and has a plurality of sub-cells (C) which are electrically connected in series, an ineffective region (R) demarcated by the end part on one side in a second direction, and an external connection region (E) demarcated by the end part on the other side in the second direction. The plurality of sub-modules (10) are disposed such that the end part on the one side in the second direction of one of the sub-modules (10) overlaps the end part on the other side in the second direction of an adjacent one of the sub-modules (10) on the light reception surface side thereof. The width of the ineffective region (R) in the second direction is at most 20% of the pitch of the plurality of sub-cells (C) in the second direction. The width of the external connection region (E) in the second direction is smaller than the pitch of the plurality of sub-cells (C) in the second direction.

Description

太陽電池モジュールsolar module
　本発明は、太陽電池モジュールに関する。 The present invention relates to a solar cell module.
　１枚の基材上に複数の太陽電池サブセルを電気的に直列に接続した状態で形成した太陽電池サブモジュールが知られている。太陽電池をサブモジュール化することにより、サブセル間は無効領域となるため有効面積は低下するが、特に受光面側の電極における抵抗損を軽減できる。太陽電池を適切にサブモジュール化すれば、有効面積の低下よりも抵抗損の軽減による光電変換効率向上効果が上回る。 A solar cell submodule is known in which a plurality of solar cell subcells are electrically connected in series on a single base material. By making a solar cell into a submodule, the area between the subcells becomes an ineffective area, so the effective area decreases, but it is possible to reduce resistance loss, especially in the electrode on the light receiving surface side. If solar cells are appropriately made into submodules, the reduction in resistance loss will outweigh the reduction in effective area, which will improve photoelectric conversion efficiency.
　サブモジュールは、基材に第１電極層を積層する工程、第１電極層を第１のレーザ照射により切断する工程、光電変換を行う発電層を積層する工程、発電層を第２のレーザ照射により切断する工程、第２電極層を積層する工程、並びに発電層及び第２電極層を第３のレーザ照射により切断する工程をこの順願に行い、第１のレーザ照射、第２のレーザ照射及び第３のレーザ照射の位置を順番に少しずつずらすことにより、電気的に直列に接続された複数の太陽電池サブセルを形成する方法により製造され得る。さらに、複数のサブモジュールを接続することにより、太陽電池モジュールを形成することも提案されている（例えば特許文献１参照）。 The submodule includes a step of laminating a first electrode layer on a base material, a step of cutting the first electrode layer by first laser irradiation, a step of laminating a power generation layer for photoelectric conversion, and a step of irradiating the power generation layer with a second laser. The steps of cutting the power generation layer and the second electrode layer by a third laser irradiation are performed in this order, and then the first laser irradiation, the second laser irradiation It can be manufactured by a method of forming a plurality of solar cell subcells electrically connected in series by sequentially shifting the position of third laser irradiation little by little. Furthermore, it has also been proposed to form a solar cell module by connecting a plurality of submodules (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
特開２００２－１１１０２２号公報Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-111022
　面積の大きいサブモジュールを形成するにはコストがかかるため、比較的小さい多数のサブモジュールを用いて太陽電池モジュールを製造することで、太陽電池モジュールの製造コストを抑制することができる。しかしながら、上述のようなサブモジュールは、端部にも発電に寄与しない無効領域が形成され得る。このため、多数のサブモジュールを用いると、無効領域の面積率が増大し、太陽電池モジュールの光電変換効率を制限する。このため、本発明は、光電変換効率が高い太陽電池モジュールを提供することを課題とする。 Since it is costly to form a submodule with a large area, manufacturing costs of the solar cell module can be suppressed by manufacturing the solar cell module using a large number of relatively small submodules. However, in the sub-module as described above, an ineffective region that does not contribute to power generation may be formed also at the end. Therefore, when a large number of submodules are used, the area ratio of the ineffective region increases, which limits the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell module with high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
　本発明の一態様に係る太陽電池モジュールは、透明な基材シートと、第１電極層と、発電層と、第２電極層とを受光面側からこの順番に有し、前記第１電極層を切断するよう第１方向に延びる複数の第１分離溝、前記発電層を切断するよう第１方向に延びる複数の第２分離溝、並びに前記発電層及び前記第２電極層のうち少なくとも前記第２電極層を切断するよう第１方向に延びる複数の第３分離溝が形成され、前記第１方向と交差する第２方向の一方側の端縁が前記第１分離溝により、他方側の端縁が前記第３分離溝により画定され、前記第２電極層が前記第２分離溝の中に延在することによって電気的に直列に接続される複数のサブセルと、前記第２方向の前記一方側の端部に画定される無効領域と、前記第２方向の前記他方側の端部に画定される外部接続領域と、をそれぞれ有する複数のサブモジュールを備え、複数のサブモジュールは、前記第２方向の前記一方側の端部を隣接するサブモジュールの前記第２方向の前記他方側の端部の前記受光面側に重ねて配置され、前記無効領域の前記第２方向の幅は、前記複数のサブセルの前記第２方向のピッチの２０％以下であり、前記外部接続領域の前記第２方向の幅は、前記複数のサブセルの前記第２方向のピッチよりも小さい。 A solar cell module according to one aspect of the present invention includes a transparent base sheet, a first electrode layer, a power generation layer, and a second electrode layer in this order from the light-receiving surface side, and the first electrode layer a plurality of first separation grooves extending in a first direction so as to cut the power generation layer; a plurality of second separation grooves extending in the first direction so as to cut the power generation layer; A plurality of third separation grooves are formed extending in the first direction so as to cut the two electrode layers, and one edge in a second direction intersecting the first direction is formed by the first separation groove, and the other edge is a plurality of subcells whose edges are defined by the third separation trench and which are electrically connected in series by the second electrode layer extending into the second separation trench; and one of the subcells in the second direction. a plurality of sub-modules each having an ineffective area defined at one end of the side, and an external connection area defined at the other end in the second direction; The one end in the two directions is arranged to overlap the light receiving surface side of the other end in the second direction of an adjacent submodule, and the width of the invalid area in the second direction is The width of the external connection region in the second direction is less than 20% of the pitch of the plurality of subcells in the second direction, and the width of the external connection region in the second direction is smaller than the pitch of the plurality of subcells in the second direction.
　上述の太陽電池モジュールにおいて、前記受光面側に重ねられる前記サブモジュールの前記第２方向の前記一方側の末端の前記サブセルと、前記受光面と反対側に重ねられる前記サブモジュールの前記外部接続領域との前記第２方向の重複幅は、前記外部接続領域との前記第２方向の幅よりも小さくてもよい。 In the above-described solar cell module, the subcell at the one end in the second direction of the submodule stacked on the light receiving surface side, and the external connection area of the submodule stacked on the side opposite to the light receiving surface. An overlap width in the second direction with the external connection area may be smaller than a width in the second direction with the external connection area.
　上述の太陽電池モジュールは、前記受光面側に重ねられる前記サブモジュールの前記第２方向の前記一方側の末端の前記サブセルの前記第２電極層と、前記受光面と反対側に重ねられる前記サブモジュールの前記外部接続領域の前記第２電極層と、をそれぞれ接続する複数のインターコネクタをさらに備えてもよい。 The above solar cell module has the second electrode layer of the subcell at the one end in the second direction of the submodule stacked on the light receiving surface side, and the subcell stacked on the side opposite to the light receiving surface. The module may further include a plurality of interconnectors that respectively connect the external connection area of the module to the second electrode layer.
　上述の太陽電池モジュールにおいて、前記発電層は、ペロブスカイト化合物を含む光電変換層を含んでもよい。 In the solar cell module described above, the power generation layer may include a photoelectric conversion layer containing a perovskite compound.
　本発明によれば、光電変換効率が高い太陽電池モジュールを提供できる。 According to the present invention, a solar cell module with high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be provided.
本発明の一実施形態に係る太陽電池モジュールの構成を示す模式断面図である。1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a solar cell module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
　以下、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係る太陽電池モジュール１の構成を示す模式断面図である。なお、図面における種々部材の寸法は、便宜上、見やすいように調整されている。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a solar cell module 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Note that the dimensions of various members in the drawings have been adjusted for convenience and ease of viewing.
　太陽電池モジュール１は、第１方向（紙面奥行方向）に延在する帯状に形成され、第１方向と交差する第２方向（紙面左右方向）に並んで配設され、電気的に直列に接続される複数のサブセルＣをそれぞれ有する複数のサブモジュール１０と、サブモジュール１０の間を接続する複数のインターコネクタ２０と、を備える。複数のサブモジュール１０は、第２方向の一方側（紙面左側）の端部を隣接するサブモジュール１０の第２方向の他方側（紙面右側）の端部の受光面側（紙面上側）に重ねて配置される。なお、太陽電池モジュール１は、例えばサブモジュール１０を一列に接続したいわゆるストリングのように、より上位のモジュールに組み込まれるサブモジュールであってもよい。 The solar cell modules 1 are formed in a band shape extending in a first direction (depth direction in the paper), are arranged side by side in a second direction (horizontal direction in the paper) intersecting the first direction, and are electrically connected in series. A plurality of submodules 10 each having a plurality of subcells C, and a plurality of interconnectors 20 connecting between the submodules 10 are provided. The plurality of sub-modules 10 are stacked such that the end on one side in the second direction (left side in the paper) overlaps the light-receiving surface side (upper side in the paper) of the end of the adjacent sub-module 10 on the other side in the second direction (right side in the paper). will be placed. Note that the solar cell module 1 may be a submodule that is incorporated into a higher-level module, such as a so-called string in which submodules 10 are connected in a row.
　サブモジュール１０は、透明な基材シート１１と、第１電極層１２と、発電層１３と、第２電極層１４とを受光面側からこの順番に有する。サブモジュール１０は、これらの層の一部を第１方向に延びる複数の第１分離溝１５、複数の第２分離溝１６及び複数の第３分離溝１７によって切断することにより、それぞれ１方向に延在する帯状に形成され、第１方向と交差する第２方向に並ぶ複数のサブセルＣと、サブセルＣの間にそれぞれ形成され、隣接するサブセルＣを電気的に接続する複数の中間接続部Ｍと、第２方向の一方側の端部に形成される無効領域Ｒと、第２方向の他方側の端部に形成される外部接続領域Ｅと、を画定する。なお、簡略化して示す図１において、サブモジュール１０が有するサブセルＣの数は３つであるが、実際にはより多数のサブセルＣを有し得る。太陽電池モジュール１では、サブモジュール１０の端部を重ねて配置することによって、外部接続領域Ｅの受光面側に隣接するサブモジュール１０のサブセルＣを配置することで、実効的なサブセルＣの面積率、ひいては太陽電池モジュール１の面積当たりの光電変換効率を向上することができる。 The sub-module 10 includes a transparent base sheet 11, a first electrode layer 12, a power generation layer 13, and a second electrode layer 14 in this order from the light-receiving surface side. The sub-module 10 is constructed by cutting a portion of these layers with a plurality of first separation grooves 15, a plurality of second separation grooves 16, and a plurality of third separation grooves 17 extending in the first direction. A plurality of subcells C formed in an extending band shape and lined up in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a plurality of intermediate connecting portions M formed between the subcells C and electrically connecting adjacent subcells C. , an invalid region R formed at one end in the second direction, and an external connection region E formed at the other end in the second direction. Although the submodule 10 has three subcells C in FIG. 1 shown in a simplified manner, it may actually have a larger number of subcells C. In the solar cell module 1, by arranging the ends of the sub-modules 10 so as to overlap each other, the effective area of the sub-cells C can be Therefore, the photoelectric conversion efficiency per area of the solar cell module 1 can be improved.
　より詳しくは、第１分離溝１５、第２分離溝１６及び第３分離溝１７は、第２方向他方側から一方側にこの順番で接近するよう、等しいピッチで形成される。第１分離溝１５は第１電極層１２を切断し、第２分離溝１６は発電層１３を切断し、第３分離溝１７は発電層１３及び第２電極層１４のうち少なくとも第２電極層１４を切断する。これにより、第１分離溝１５はサブセルＣの第２方向一方側の端縁を画定し、第３分離溝はサブセルＣの有効領域の第２方向他方側の端縁を画定し、第２分離溝１６その中に第２電極層１４が延在することによるサブセルＣ間の電気的接続を提供する。つまり、第１電極層１２、発電層１３及び第２電極層１４の全てが連続して存在する範囲が、一体的に電力を発生させる１つのサブセルＣであり、サブセルＣの間の第１分離溝１５、第２分離溝１６及び第３分離溝１７が互いに接近して形成される範囲が中間接続部Ｍである。 More specifically, the first separation groove 15, the second separation groove 16, and the third separation groove 17 are formed at equal pitches so that they approach in this order from the other side to the one side in the second direction. The first separation groove 15 cuts the first electrode layer 12, the second separation groove 16 cuts the power generation layer 13, and the third separation groove 17 cuts the power generation layer 13 and the second electrode layer 14. Cut 14. As a result, the first separation groove 15 defines the edge of the subcell C on one side in the second direction, the third separation groove defines the edge of the effective area of the subcell C on the other side in the second direction, and the third separation groove 15 defines the edge of the effective area of the subcell C on the other side in the second direction. Grooves 16 provide electrical connections between subcells C by which second electrode layers 14 extend. In other words, the range in which the first electrode layer 12, the power generation layer 13, and the second electrode layer 14 all exist continuously is one subcell C that integrally generates electric power, and the first separation between the subcells C is An intermediate connection portion M is a region where the groove 15, the second separation groove 16, and the third separation groove 17 are formed close to each other.
　サブモジュール１０において、無効領域Ｒは、電気的には不必要であるが、第２方向の一方側の端部のサブセルＣを保護するために設けられる。無効領域Ｒの第２方向の幅は、複数のサブセルＣの第２方向のピッチ（サブセルＣの幅と中間接続部Ｍの幅の和）の２０％以下とされる。これにより、受光面と反対側に重ねられるサブモジュール１０のサブセルＣの遮光面積を小さくし、無効領域Ｒに遮光されるサブセルＣに起因して電流律速が生じることを防止できる。 In the sub-module 10, the invalid region R is electrically unnecessary, but is provided to protect the sub-cell C at one end in the second direction. The width of the invalid region R in the second direction is 20% or less of the pitch of the plurality of subcells C in the second direction (the sum of the width of the subcells C and the width of the intermediate connection portion M). Thereby, the light-blocking area of the sub-cells C of the sub-module 10 stacked on the side opposite to the light-receiving surface can be reduced, and current rate-limiting can be prevented from occurring due to the sub-cells C being light-blocked by the ineffective region R.
　一方、外部接続領域Ｅは、第２方向の他方側の端部のサブセルＣの第１電極層１２を隣接するサブモジュール１０又は太陽電池モジュール１の外部回路に電気的に接続するための中継端子として第２電極層１４を提供する。外部接続領域Ｅの第２方向の幅は、複数のサブセルＣの第２方向のピッチよりも小さい。これにより、受光面側に重ねられる太陽電池モジュール１の第１方向一方側の端部のサブセルＣの第２電極層１４と受光面と反対側に重ねられる太陽電池モジュール１の外部接続領域Ｅの第２電極層１４とに跨ってインターコネクタ２０を配置することができる。 On the other hand, the external connection area E is a relay terminal for electrically connecting the first electrode layer 12 of the subcell C at the other end in the second direction to the external circuit of the adjacent submodule 10 or the solar cell module 1. The second electrode layer 14 is provided as a. The width of the external connection region E in the second direction is smaller than the pitch of the plurality of subcells C in the second direction. Thereby, the second electrode layer 14 of the subcell C at one end in the first direction of the solar cell module 1 stacked on the light receiving surface side and the external connection area E of the solar cell module 1 stacked on the side opposite to the light receiving surface. The interconnector 20 can be placed across the second electrode layer 14.
　受光面側に重ねられるサブモジュール１０の第２方向の一方側の末端のサブセルＣと、受光面と反対側に重ねられるサブモジュール１０の外部接続領域Ｅとの第２方向の重複幅は、外部接続領域Ｅの第２方向の幅よりも小さいことが好ましい。これにより、受光面と反対側に重ねられるサブモジュール１０の第２方向の他方側の末端のサブセルＣが受光面側に重ねられるサブモジュール１０によって覆われる面積を小さくできるので、受光面側に重ねられるサブモジュール１０に遮光されるサブセルＣに起因して電流律速が生じることを防止できる。 The overlap width in the second direction between the subcell C at one end in the second direction of the submodule 10 stacked on the light receiving surface side and the external connection area E of the submodule 10 stacked on the opposite side to the light receiving surface is the width of the overlap in the second direction. It is preferable that the width is smaller than the width of the connection region E in the second direction. As a result, the area covered by the sub-module 10 on the other side in the second direction of the sub-module 10 stacked on the side opposite to the light-receiving surface can be reduced, so that the area covered by the sub-module 10 stacked on the light-receiving surface side can be reduced. It is possible to prevent current rate-limiting from occurring due to the subcell C being shielded from light by the submodule 10.
　基材シート１１は、サブモジュール１０の強度を担保する構造部材である。本実施形態において、基材シート１１は、例えばポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等の樹脂から形成され得る。また、基材シート１１は、可撓性を有するサブモジュール１０を形成するために、可撓性を有する樹脂フィルムから形成されてもよい。 The base sheet 11 is a structural member that ensures the strength of the submodule 10. In this embodiment, the base sheet 11 may be made of resin such as polyimide, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, or the like. Further, the base sheet 11 may be formed from a flexible resin film in order to form the flexible submodule 10.
　第１電極層１２は、発電層１３で生成された第１の電荷を収集して隣接するサブセルＣ又は外部に出力する。本実施形態において、第１電極層１２は、正孔を収集する正極である。第１電極層１２は、透明導電性酸化物（ＴＣＯ：Transparent Conductive Oxide）から形成される。第１電極層１２を形成する透明導電性酸化物としては、例えば、酸化インジウム、酸化スズ、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン及びそれらの複合酸化物等を用いることができる。これらの中でも、酸化インジウムを主成分とするインジウム系複合酸化物が好ましい。高い導電率と透明性の観点からは、インジウム酸化物が特に好ましい。さらに、信頼性又はより高い導電率を確保するために、インジウム酸化物にドーパントを添加することが好ましい。ドーパントとしては、例えば、Ｓｎ、Ｗ、Ｚｎ、Ｔｉ、Ｃｅ、Ｚｒ、Ｍｏ、Ａｌ、Ｇａ、Ｇｅ、Ａｓ、Ｓｉ、Ｓ等が挙げられる。特に好適な例として、インジウム酸化物にスズが添加されたＩＴＯ（Indium Tin Oxide）が広く知られている。第１電極層１２は、例えばスパッタリング法、真空蒸着法などの方法で積層され得る。 The first electrode layer 12 collects the first charge generated in the power generation layer 13 and outputs it to the adjacent subcell C or to the outside. In this embodiment, the first electrode layer 12 is a positive electrode that collects holes. The first electrode layer 12 is formed from transparent conductive oxide (TCO). As the transparent conductive oxide forming the first electrode layer 12, for example, indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, and composite oxides thereof can be used. Among these, indium-based composite oxides containing indium oxide as a main component are preferred. Indium oxide is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of high conductivity and transparency. Furthermore, it is preferred to add dopants to the indium oxide to ensure reliability or higher conductivity. Examples of the dopant include Sn, W, Zn, Ti, Ce, Zr, Mo, Al, Ga, Ge, As, Si, and S. As a particularly suitable example, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), which is indium oxide to which tin is added, is widely known. The first electrode layer 12 may be laminated by, for example, a sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method, or the like.
　第１電極層１２の厚みの下限としては、５ｎｍが好ましく、１０ｎｍがより好ましい。一方、第１電極層１２の厚みの上限としては、１００ｎｍが好ましく、５０ｎｍがより好ましい。第１電極層１２の厚みを前記下限以上とすることによって、電気抵抗を小さくすることができるのでサブモジュール１０光電変換効率を向上できる。また、第１電極層１２の厚みを前記上限以下とすることによって、不必要なコスト増や可撓性の低下を防止できる。第１電極層１２は、例えば多結晶ＩＴＯ層と非晶質ＩＴＯ層との積層構造等の多層構造を有してもよい。 The lower limit of the thickness of the first electrode layer 12 is preferably 5 nm, more preferably 10 nm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the thickness of the first electrode layer 12 is preferably 100 nm, more preferably 50 nm. By setting the thickness of the first electrode layer 12 to be equal to or greater than the lower limit, the electrical resistance can be reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the submodule 10 can be improved. Moreover, by making the thickness of the first electrode layer 12 below the above-mentioned upper limit, unnecessary increase in cost and decrease in flexibility can be prevented. The first electrode layer 12 may have a multilayer structure, such as a stacked structure of a polycrystalline ITO layer and an amorphous ITO layer, for example.
　発電層１３は、入射した光を電力に変換する層であり、第１電荷輸送層１３１と、光電変換層１３２と、第２電荷輸送層１３３とを有する多層構造とされ得る。発電層１３は、さらなる機能層を有してもよい。 The power generation layer 13 is a layer that converts incident light into electric power, and may have a multilayer structure including a first charge transport layer 131, a photoelectric conversion layer 132, and a second charge transport layer 133. The power generation layer 13 may have further functional layers.
　第１電荷輸送層１３１は、光電変換層１３２で発生する第１の極性の電荷を通過させる層であり、本実施形態では正孔を第１電極層１２に伝達する正孔輸送層（ＨＴＬ）が企図されている。第１電荷輸送層１３１は、例えば酸化ニッケル（ＮｉＯ）、酸化銅（Ｃｕ２Ｏ）等の金属酸化物、例えばＰＴＡＡ（Poly(bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine)）、Ｓｐｉｒｏ－ＭｅＯＴＡＤ等の有機物から生成され得る。また、第１電荷輸送層１３１は、自己組織化単分子膜（ＳＡＭ：Self-Assembled Monolayers）から形成されてもよい。自己組織化単分子膜からなる第１電荷輸送層１３１は、例えば２ＰＡＣｚ([2-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic Acid)、ＭｅＯ－２ＰＡＣｚ（[2-(3,6-Dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic Acid）、Ｍｅ－４ＰＡＣｚ（[4-(3,6-Dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic Acid）等によって形成され得る。 The first charge transport layer 131 is a layer that allows charges of the first polarity generated in the photoelectric conversion layer 132 to pass through, and in this embodiment, is a hole transport layer (HTL) that transports holes to the first electrode layer 12. is planned. The first charge transport layer 131 is made of a metal oxide such as nickel oxide (NiO) or copper oxide (Cu 2 O), such as PTAA (Poly(bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine). ), Spiro-MeOTAD, etc. Further, the first charge transport layer 131 may be formed from self-assembled monolayers (SAM). The first charge transport layer 131 made of a self-assembled monolayer is, for example, 2PACz ([2-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic Acid), MeO-2PACz ([2-(3,6-Dimethoxy -9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic Acid), Me-4PACz ([4-(3,6-Dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic Acid), and the like.
　第１電荷輸送層１３１は、例えばスパッタリング法、真空蒸着法などの方法により形成され得る。また、第１電荷輸送層１３１が有機物を含む場合、第１電荷輸送層１３１は例えば有機物の溶液の塗工及び乾燥等の方法により形成され得る。自己組織化単分子膜からなる第１電荷輸送層１３１は、自己組織化単分子膜形成材料を例えばエタノール、イソプロパノール等の有機溶媒に溶解してなる単分子膜形成材料溶液の塗工及び乾燥によって形成され得る。単分子膜形成材料溶液の塗工は、例えばスピンコート法等によって行うことが好ましい。第１電荷輸送層１３１の厚みは、その材料、隣接する層の構成等により大きく異なり得るが、例えば１ｎｍ以上２００ｎｍ以下とすることができ、特に自己組織化単分子膜である場合には材料分子の厚みとされ得る。 The first charge transport layer 131 may be formed by, for example, a sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method, or the like. Further, when the first charge transport layer 131 contains an organic substance, the first charge transport layer 131 may be formed by, for example, applying a solution of the organic substance and drying it. The first charge transport layer 131 made of a self-assembled monolayer is formed by coating and drying a monolayer-forming material solution prepared by dissolving the self-assembled monolayer-forming material in an organic solvent such as ethanol or isopropanol. can be formed. The monomolecular film forming material solution is preferably applied by, for example, a spin coating method. The thickness of the first charge transport layer 131 can vary greatly depending on its material, the structure of adjacent layers, etc., but can be, for example, 1 nm or more and 200 nm or less, and especially when it is a self-assembled monolayer, the material molecule The thickness can be as follows.
　光電変換層１３２は、入射光を吸収して光キャリア（電子及び正孔）を生成する。光電変換層１３２は、ペロブスカイト化合物を含むことが好ましい。ペロブスカイト化合物を含む光電変換層１３２を有するサブセルＣでは、相対的に第１電極層１２の抵抗損が大きくなりやすいため、サブセルＣのピッチを小さくすることが望まれる。このため、受光面側に重ねられるサブモジュール１０に遮光されるサブセルＣに起因して電流律速が生じることを防止する効果が顕著となる。 The photoelectric conversion layer 132 absorbs incident light and generates photocarriers (electrons and holes). The photoelectric conversion layer 132 preferably contains a perovskite compound. In the subcell C having the photoelectric conversion layer 132 containing a perovskite compound, the resistance loss of the first electrode layer 12 tends to be relatively large, so it is desirable to reduce the pitch of the subcell C. Therefore, the effect of preventing current rate-limiting from occurring due to the subcell C being shielded from light by the submodule 10 stacked on the light-receiving surface side becomes significant.
　光電変換層１３２に含まれるペロブスカイト化合物としては、１価の有機アンモニウムイオン及びアミジニウム系イオンのうちの少なくとも１種を含む有機原子Ａ、２価の金属イオンを生成する金属原子Ｂ、及びヨウ化物イオンＩ、臭化物イオンＢｒ、塩化物イオンＣｌ、及びフッ化物イオンＦのうちの少なくとも１種を含むハロゲン原子Ｘを含み、ＡＢＸ３で表される化合物を用いることができる。中でも、光電変換層１３２を蒸着法（ドライプロセス）により形成する場合、有機原子ＡとしてはメチルアンモニウムＭＡ（ＣＨ３ＮＨ３）が好ましく、金属原子Ｂとしては鉛Ｐｂが好ましく、ハロゲン原子Ｘとしてはヨウ化物Ｉ、臭化物イオンＢｒ及び塩化物イオンＣｌのうちの少なくとも１つが好ましい。 The perovskite compound contained in the photoelectric conversion layer 132 includes an organic atom A containing at least one of a monovalent organic ammonium ion and an amidinium ion, a metal atom B generating a divalent metal ion, and an iodide ion. A compound represented by ABX 3 containing a halogen atom X containing at least one of I, bromide ion Br, chloride ion Cl, and fluoride ion F can be used. Among them, when the photoelectric conversion layer 132 is formed by a vapor deposition method (dry process), methylammonium MA (CH 3 NH 3 ) is preferable as the organic atom A, lead Pb is preferable as the metal atom B, and as the halogen atom At least one of iodide I, bromide ion Br and chloride ion Cl is preferred.
　具体的に、好ましいペロブスカイト化合物としては、メチルアンモニウムハロゲン化鉛ＭＡＰｂＸ３（ＣＨ３ＮＨ３ＰｂＸ３）、ＭＡＰｂＩ３、ＭＡＰｂＢｒ３、ＭＡＰｂＣｌ３等が挙げられる。なお、ハロゲン原子Ｘとしては複数種類を含んでもよい。ヨウ化物Ｉと他のハロゲン原子Ｘとを含むペロブスカイト化合物としては、例えばメチルアンモニウムヨウ化鉛ＭＡＰｂＩｙＸ（３－ｙ）（ＣＨ３ＮＨ３ＰｂＩｙＸ（３－ｙ））、ＭＡＰｂＩｙＢｒ（３－ｙ）、ＭＡＰｂＩｙＣｌ（３－ｙ）等が挙げられる（ｙは任意の正の整数）。 Specifically, preferred perovskite compounds include methylammonium lead halide MAPbX 3 (CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 ), MAPbI 3 , MAPbBr 3 , MAPbCl 3 and the like. Note that the halogen atom X may include a plurality of types. Examples of perovskite compounds containing iodide I and other halogen atoms X include methylammonium lead iodide MAPbI y X (3-y) (CH 3 NH 3 PbI y X (3-y) ), MAPbI y Br ( 3-y) , MAPbI y Cl (3-y) , etc. (y is any positive integer).
　ペロブスカイト化合物を含む光電変換層１３２は、ペロブスカイト化合物がメチルアンモニウムハロゲン化鉛（ＭＡＰｂＸ３（ＣＨ３ＮＨ３ＰｂＸ３））である場合、光電変換層１３２は、ハロゲン化鉛（ＰｂＸ２）材料及びハロゲン化メチルアンモニウム（ＭＡＸ）材料を順に製膜し、これらの材料の薄膜を反応温度で反応させることにより形成され得る。例えば、ペロブスカイト化合物がメチルアンモニウムヨウ化鉛（ＭＡＰｂＩｙＸ（３－ｙ）（ＣＨ３ＮＨ３ＰｂＩｙＸ（３－ｙ）））である場合、光電変換層１３２は、例えばハロゲン化鉛（ＰｂＸ２）材料及びヨウ化メチルアンモニウム（ＭＡＩ）材料を順に製膜し、これらの材料の薄膜を反応温度で反応させることにより形成される。また、光電変換層１３２は、例えば液相の塗膜内でペロブスカイト化合物を合成するゾルゲル法、予め合成されたペロブスカイト化合物を含む溶液を塗布する塗布法等の方法によっても形成され得る。 When the perovskite compound is methylammonium lead halide (MAPbX 3 (CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 )), the photoelectric conversion layer 132 includes a lead halide (PbX 2 ) material and halogen. It can be formed by sequentially depositing methylammonium chloride (MAX) materials and reacting thin films of these materials at reaction temperatures. For example, when the perovskite compound is methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI y X (3-y) (CH 3 NH 3 PbI y ) material and methylammonium iodide (MAI) material are sequentially formed into films, and the thin films of these materials are reacted at a reaction temperature. The photoelectric conversion layer 132 can also be formed, for example, by a sol-gel method in which a perovskite compound is synthesized within a liquid phase coating film, a coating method in which a solution containing a pre-synthesized perovskite compound is applied, or the like.
　光電変換層１３２の厚みとしては、形成材料等にもよるが、光の吸収率を大きくしつつ、生成する電荷の移動距離を小さくするために、１００ｎｍ以上１０００ｎｍ以下とすることが好ましい。 Although the thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer 132 depends on the forming material, etc., it is preferably 100 nm or more and 1000 nm or less in order to increase the light absorption rate and reduce the migration distance of the generated charges.
　第２電荷輸送層１３３は、光電変換層１３２で発生する第２の極性の電荷を通過させる層であり、本実施形態では電子を第２電極層１４に伝達する電子輸送層（ＥＴＬ）である。電子輸送層である第２電荷輸送層１３３の主材料としては、例えば、ＰＴＡＡ（Poly(bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine)）、Ｓｐｉｒｏ－ＭｅＯＴＡＤ、フラーレン等が挙げられる。フラーレンとしては、例えばＣ６０、Ｃ７０、これらの水素化物、酸化物、金属錯体、アルキル基等を付加した誘導体、例えば、ＰＣＢＭ（[6,6]-Phenyl-C61-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester）などが挙げられる。特に第２電荷輸送層１３３をリチウムＬｉを内包させたフラーレンを含む材料から形成することにより、電子の輸送効率を向上することができる。また、第２電荷輸送層１３３は、多層構造を有してもよい。 The second charge transport layer 133 is a layer that allows charges of the second polarity generated in the photoelectric conversion layer 132 to pass through, and in this embodiment, is an electron transport layer (ETL) that transmits electrons to the second electrode layer 14. . Examples of the main material of the second charge transport layer 133, which is an electron transport layer, include PTAA (Poly(bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine)), Spiro-MeOTAD, fullerene, etc. It will be done. Examples of fullerenes include C60, C70, their hydrides, oxides, metal complexes, derivatives with added alkyl groups, etc., such as PCBM ([6,6]-Phenyl-C61-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester). It will be done. In particular, by forming the second charge transport layer 133 from a material containing fullerene containing lithium Li, electron transport efficiency can be improved. Further, the second charge transport layer 133 may have a multilayer structure.
　第２電荷輸送層１３３は、例えばゾルゲル法、塗布法等の方法により形成され得る。第２電荷輸送層１３３の厚みとしては、その材料、隣接する層の構成等により大きく異なり得るが、例えば３ｎｍ以上３０ｎｍ以下とされ得る。 The second charge transport layer 133 can be formed, for example, by a sol-gel method, a coating method, or the like. The thickness of the second charge transport layer 133 may vary greatly depending on its material, the structure of adjacent layers, etc., but may be, for example, 3 nm or more and 30 nm or less.
　第２電極層１４は、第１電極層１２と対をなす電極であり、本実施形態では負極である。第２電極層１４は、透明導電性酸化物によって形成されてもよく、金属又は金属粒子をバインダで結合した組成物から形成されてもよい。金属又は金属粒子を含む材料から形成される第２電極層１４は、発電層１３を透過した光を反射して発電層１３に再度入射させることにより光電変換効率を向上する。第２電極層１４は、スパッタリング、めっき等の方法により金属を積層することによって、又は金属粒子を含む導電性組成物の塗工及び焼成によって形成することができる。第２電極層１４の厚みの下限としては、１０ｎｍが好ましく、２０ｎｍがより好ましい。一方、第２電極層１４の厚みの上限としては、２００ｎｍが好ましく、１００ｎｍがより好ましい。第２電極層１４の厚みを前記下限以上とすることによって、集電抵抗を十分に小さくできる。また、第２電極層１４の厚みを前記上限以下とすることによって、第３分離溝１７の形成が容易となる。 The second electrode layer 14 is an electrode that makes a pair with the first electrode layer 12, and is a negative electrode in this embodiment. The second electrode layer 14 may be formed of a transparent conductive oxide, or may be formed of a composition in which metal or metal particles are bound together with a binder. The second electrode layer 14 made of metal or a material containing metal particles improves photoelectric conversion efficiency by reflecting light that has passed through the power generation layer 13 and making it enter the power generation layer 13 again. The second electrode layer 14 can be formed by laminating metal by a method such as sputtering or plating, or by applying and baking a conductive composition containing metal particles. The lower limit of the thickness of the second electrode layer 14 is preferably 10 nm, more preferably 20 nm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the thickness of the second electrode layer 14 is preferably 200 nm, more preferably 100 nm. By setting the thickness of the second electrode layer 14 to be equal to or greater than the lower limit, current collection resistance can be made sufficiently small. Further, by setting the thickness of the second electrode layer 14 to be less than or equal to the upper limit, the third separation groove 17 can be easily formed.
　第１分離溝１５は、サブセルＣの間で第１電極層１２を分離する。第１分離溝１５は、基材シート１１に第１電極層１２を積層した後、発電層１３を積層する前に行われるレーザアブレーションによって形成され得る。第１分離溝１５の幅としては、レーザアブレーションにより形成することを考慮すると、１０μｍ以上２００μｍ以下とされることが好ましく、２０μｍ以上１００μｍ以下とされることがより好ましい。これにより、サブセルＣ間の確実な分離とサブセルＣの有効面積の確保とが可能となる。 The first separation trench 15 separates the first electrode layer 12 between the subcells C. The first separation groove 15 may be formed by laser ablation performed after the first electrode layer 12 is laminated on the base sheet 11 and before the power generation layer 13 is laminated. Considering that it is formed by laser ablation, the width of the first separation groove 15 is preferably 10 μm or more and 200 μm or less, and more preferably 20 μm or more and 100 μm or less. This makes it possible to reliably separate the subcells C and secure the effective area of the subcells C.
　第２分離溝１６は、第１電極層１２と第２電極層１４とを電気的に接続するために形成される。第２分離溝１６は、第１分離溝１５が形成された第１電極層１２に発電層１３を積層した後、第２電極層１４を積層する前に行われるレーザアブレーションによって形成され得る。これにより、第２電極層１４が第２分離溝１６の中に延在し、第１電極層１２と接続される。第２分離溝１６の幅は、第１分離溝１５の幅と同様とされ得る。 The second separation groove 16 is formed to electrically connect the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 14. The second separation groove 16 may be formed by laser ablation performed after the power generation layer 13 is laminated on the first electrode layer 12 in which the first separation groove 15 is formed and before the second electrode layer 14 is laminated. Thereby, the second electrode layer 14 extends into the second separation groove 16 and is connected to the first electrode layer 12. The width of the second separation groove 16 may be the same as the width of the first separation groove 15.
　第３分離溝１７は、サブセルＣの間で第１電荷輸送層１３１、光電変換層１３２、第２電荷輸送層１３３及び第２電極層１４を分離する。第３分離溝１７は、第２分離溝１６が形成された発電層１３に第２電極層１４を積層した後に行われるレーザアブレーションによって形成され得る。第３分離溝１７の幅は、第１分離溝１５の幅と同様とされ得る。 The third separation groove 17 separates the first charge transport layer 131, the photoelectric conversion layer 132, the second charge transport layer 133, and the second electrode layer 14 between the subcells C. The third separation groove 17 may be formed by laser ablation performed after the second electrode layer 14 is laminated on the power generation layer 13 in which the second separation groove 16 is formed. The width of the third separation groove 17 may be the same as the width of the first separation groove 15.
　インターコネクタ２０は、受光面側に重ねられるサブモジュール１０の第２方向の一方側の末端のサブセルＣの第２電極層１４と、受光面と反対側に重ねられるサブモジュール１０の外部接続領域Ｅの第２電極層１４と、をそれぞれ接続する。インターコネクタ２０は、金属材料から形成され、例えば半田、導電性接着剤等により第２電極層１４に接続されてもよい。また、インターコネクタ２０は、基材フィルムと基材フィルムに積層される導電性接着剤層とを有し、導電性接着剤層の導電性によりサブモジュール１０を電気的に接続してもよい。 The interconnector 20 connects the second electrode layer 14 of the subcell C at one end in the second direction of the submodule 10 stacked on the light receiving surface side, and the external connection area E of the submodule 10 stacked on the side opposite to the light receiving surface. and the second electrode layer 14 are connected to each other. The interconnector 20 may be formed from a metal material and connected to the second electrode layer 14 by, for example, solder, conductive adhesive, or the like. Further, the interconnector 20 may include a base film and a conductive adhesive layer laminated on the base film, and may electrically connect the submodules 10 by the conductivity of the conductive adhesive layer.
　以上のような構成を有する太陽電池モジュール１は、サブモジュール１０の第２方向の一方側の端部を隣接するサブモジュール１０の第２方向の他方側の端部の受光面側に重ねて配置しつつ、受光面と反対側のサブモジュール１０のサブセルＣに電流律速を生じさせないようにしたため、高い光電変換効率を実現できる。 The solar cell module 1 having the above configuration is arranged such that one end of the sub-module 10 in the second direction overlaps the light-receiving surface side of the other end of the adjacent sub-module 10 in the second direction. At the same time, high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be achieved because current rate limiting is not caused in the subcell C of the submodule 10 on the side opposite to the light receiving surface.
　以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上述した実施形態に限定されることなく、種々の変更及び変形が可能である。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various changes and modifications can be made.
　１　太陽電池モジュール
　１０　サブモジュール
　２０　インターコネクタ
　１１　基材シート
　１２　第１電極層
　１３　発電層
　１３１　第１電荷輸送層
　１３２　光電変換層
　１３３　第２電荷輸送層
　１４　第２電極層
　１５　第１分離溝
　１６　第２分離溝
　１７　第３分離溝
　Ｃ　サブセル
　Ｅ　外部接続領域
　Ｍ　中間接続部
　Ｒ　無効領域 1 Solar cell module 10 Submodule 20 Interconnector 11 Base sheet 12 First electrode layer 13 Power generation layer 131 First charge transport layer 132 Photoelectric conversion layer 133 Second charge transport layer 14 Second electrode layer 15 First separation groove 16 2 separation groove 17 3rd separation groove C Subcell E External connection area M Intermediate connection area R Invalid area

Claims (4)

  1. 　透明な基材シートと、第１電極層と、発電層と、第２電極層とを受光面側からこの順番に有し、
    　前記第１電極層を切断するよう第１方向に延びる複数の第１分離溝、前記発電層を切断するよう第１方向に延びる複数の第２分離溝、並びに前記発電層及び前記第２電極層のうち少なくとも前記第２電極層を切断するよう第１方向に延びる複数の第３分離溝が形成され、
    　前記第１方向と交差する第２方向の一方側の端縁が前記第１分離溝により、他方側の端縁が前記第３分離溝により画定され、前記第２電極層が前記第２分離溝の中に延在することによって電気的に直列に接続される複数のサブセルと、
    　前記第２方向の前記一方側の端部に画定される無効領域と、前記第２方向の前記他方側の端部に画定される外部接続領域と、
    をそれぞれ有する複数のサブモジュールを備え、
    　複数のサブモジュールは、前記第２方向の前記一方側の端部を隣接するサブモジュールの前記第２方向の前記他方側の端部の前記受光面側に重ねて配置され、
    　前記無効領域の前記第２方向の幅は、前記複数のサブセルの前記第２方向のピッチの２０％以下であり、
    　前記外部接続領域の前記第２方向の幅は、前記複数のサブセルの前記第２方向のピッチよりも小さい、太陽電池モジュール。     It has a transparent base sheet, a first electrode layer, a power generation layer, and a second electrode layer in this order from the light receiving surface side,
    A plurality of first separation grooves extending in a first direction so as to cut the first electrode layer, a plurality of second separation grooves extending in the first direction so as to cut the power generation layer, and the power generation layer and the second electrode layer. A plurality of third separation grooves extending in the first direction are formed to cut at least the second electrode layer,
    One edge in a second direction intersecting the first direction is defined by the first separation groove, and the other edge is defined by the third separation groove, and the second electrode layer is defined by the second separation groove. a plurality of subcells electrically connected in series by extending into the subcells;
    an invalid area defined at the one end in the second direction; an external connection area defined at the other end in the second direction;
    It has multiple submodules each having
    The plurality of sub-modules are arranged such that the one end in the second direction overlaps the light-receiving surface side of the other end in the second direction of an adjacent sub-module,
    The width of the invalid area in the second direction is 20% or less of the pitch of the plurality of subcells in the second direction,
    In the solar cell module, the width of the external connection area in the second direction is smaller than the pitch of the plurality of subcells in the second direction.
  2. 　前記受光面側に重ねられる前記サブモジュールの前記第２方向の前記一方側の末端の前記サブセルと、前記受光面と反対側に重ねられる前記サブモジュールの前記外部接続領域との前記第２方向の重複幅は、前記外部接続領域との前記第２方向の幅よりも小さい、請求項１に記載の太陽電池モジュール。 the subcell at the end of the one side in the second direction of the submodule stacked on the light receiving surface side, and the external connection area of the submodule stacked on the opposite side to the light receiving surface in the second direction; The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein an overlapping width is smaller than a width in the second direction with the external connection area.
  3. 　前記受光面側に重ねられる前記サブモジュールの前記第２方向の前記一方側の末端の前記サブセルの前記第２電極層と、前記受光面と反対側に重ねられる前記サブモジュールの前記外部接続領域の前記第２電極層と、をそれぞれ接続する複数のインターコネクタをさらに備える、請求項１又は２に記載の太陽電池モジュール。 the second electrode layer of the subcell at the one end in the second direction of the submodule stacked on the light receiving surface side; and the external connection region of the submodule stacked on the side opposite to the light receiving surface. The solar cell module according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a plurality of interconnectors that respectively connect the second electrode layer.
  4. 　前記発電層は、ペロブスカイト化合物を含む光電変換層を含む、請求項１から３のいずれかに記載の太陽電池モジュール。 The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the power generation layer includes a photoelectric conversion layer containing a perovskite compound.
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JPH07217087A (en) * 1994-01-28 1995-08-15 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Sunlight generating house
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WO2010029880A1 (en) * 2008-09-10 2010-03-18 三洋電機株式会社 Photovoltaic device and photovoltaic device manufacturing method
JP2011166038A (en) * 2010-02-13 2011-08-25 Kaneka Corp Solar cell module and roof structure
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPH0745852A (en) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-14 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Roof for solar power generation
JPH07217087A (en) * 1994-01-28 1995-08-15 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Sunlight generating house
JP2001036125A (en) * 1999-07-23 2001-02-09 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Photovoltaic power generation device
JP2001111087A (en) * 1999-10-07 2001-04-20 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd Solar battery module
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JP2009158864A (en) * 2007-12-27 2009-07-16 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Solar cell module, and manufacturing method of the same
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