WO2023188384A1 - Équipement de génération d'énergie nucléaire et procédé de fonctionnement d'équipement de génération d'énergie nucléaire - Google Patents

Équipement de génération d'énergie nucléaire et procédé de fonctionnement d'équipement de génération d'énergie nucléaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023188384A1
WO2023188384A1 PCT/JP2022/016855 JP2022016855W WO2023188384A1 WO 2023188384 A1 WO2023188384 A1 WO 2023188384A1 JP 2022016855 W JP2022016855 W JP 2022016855W WO 2023188384 A1 WO2023188384 A1 WO 2023188384A1
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Prior art keywords
nuclear power
plant
power
power generation
power plant
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PCT/JP2022/016855
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
俊也 守田
洋平 村上
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日立Ｇｅニュークリア・エナジー株式会社
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Priority to PCT/JP2022/016855 priority Critical patent/WO2023188384A1/fr
Publication of WO2023188384A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023188384A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
    • G21D3/00—Control of nuclear power plant
    • G21D3/04—Safety arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to nuclear power generation equipment and a method of operating nuclear power generation equipment.
  • nuclear power plants will lose off-site power for a long period of time. In this case, in order to restart the plant, the nuclear power plant started up its internal loads using electric power generated by a hydroelectric power plant or the like. In addition, nuclear power plants did not have the ability to actively contribute to resolving power outages in the event of long-term power outages.
  • Patent Document 1 describes an invention that starts a gas turbine generator that serves as a black start power source during a station blackout (power outage) and supplies power to the high voltage side (primary side) of a startup transformer.
  • black start refers to generating electricity to resolve a power outage without receiving electricity generated from an external power source from a blackout state.
  • a black start power source is a power source that generates power to resolve power outages.
  • Patent Document 1 supplies black start power through a startup transformer using a gas turbine generator during a station blackout (long-term power outage) of the power system.
  • a gas turbine generator In order to start the thermal power generator or nuclear power generator, it is necessary to operate the power plant's internal equipment (water pumps, fans, etc.), and in order to operate these, a certain amount of power is required. Therefore, the gas turbine generator to be applied also needs to be larger.
  • the gas turbine generator is configured to be used only for power supply to the in-house power source of thermal power generation or nuclear power generation.
  • Patent Document 1 uses a nuclear power plant as a blackout power source, the purpose of the gas turbine generator is determined to be power supply to the in-house power source of thermal power generation or nuclear power generation. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to use nuclear power generation equipment as a black start power source during station blackout.
  • the nuclear power generation equipment of the present invention includes a nuclear power plant that can supply hydrogen to the outside, and a nuclear power plant that can use the hydrogen generated in the nuclear plant as fuel and supply electric power to the load of the nuclear plant.
  • a gas turbine generator is a nuclear power plant that can supply hydrogen to the outside.
  • the method for operating a nuclear power generation facility includes a step in which a nuclear power plant supplies hydrogen to the outside, a step in which a gas turbine generator generates power using hydrogen generated in the nuclear power plant as fuel, and a step in which the gas turbine generator generates power using the hydrogen generated in the nuclear power plant as fuel. and supplying power to a load of the nuclear power plant.
  • a nuclear power plant supplies hydrogen to the outside
  • a gas turbine generator generates power using hydrogen generated in the nuclear power plant as fuel
  • the gas turbine generator generates power using the hydrogen generated in the nuclear power plant as fuel.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a nuclear power generation facility according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a nuclear power plant. It is a flow chart of control processing of a nuclear power plant and a gas turbine plant. It is a flowchart of processing when blackout is detected. It is a flowchart of black start processing.
  • the first step is to start up a generator that is large enough to supply power to internal equipment at a thermal power plant or nuclear power plant, using an even smaller power source. Only after preparing a plurality of these generators will it be possible to supply power to equipment within a thermal power plant or nuclear power plant.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a nuclear power generation facility 1 according to this embodiment.
  • the nuclear power generation facility 1 includes a nuclear power plant 2, a gas turbine plant 3, switches 41 to 43, a main transformer 44, an in-station transformer 45, an in-station load 46, an in-station wiring 47, and a control section 5. It is equipped with The nuclear power generation facility 1 is configured by combining a nuclear power plant 2 and a gas turbine plant 3 that operates with fuel mainly consisting of hydrogen, directly connected to a main circuit on the low voltage side of a main transformer 44 .
  • the power generation capacity of the nuclear power generation facility 1 is the total capacity of the nuclear power plant 2 and the gas turbine plant 3.
  • the response to load fluctuations required of the power system 6 is implemented by changing the operating capacity of the gas turbine plant 3.
  • the nuclear power plant 2 side supplies base power to the electric power system 6 during rated capacity operation, and also produces hydrogen and supplies it as fuel to the gas turbine plant 3 .
  • the nuclear power generation facility 1 supplies the power system 6 with the total of the power generated by the nuclear power plant 2 and the power generated by the gas turbine plant 3, and also functions as a black start power source when the power system 6 experiences a station blackout.
  • the main transformer 44 is connected between the power system 6 and the in-house wiring 47, and has the function of mutually converting both AC voltages.
  • the switch 43 is connected between the high voltage side of the main transformer 44 and the power system 6, and switches between conduction and disconnection between the two.
  • the switch 41 is connected between the nuclear power plant 2 and the in-house wiring 47 on the low voltage side of the main transformer 44, and switches between conduction and disconnection between the two.
  • the switch 42 is connected between the gas turbine plant 3 and the in-house wiring 47 on the low-pressure side of the main transformer 44, and switches between conduction and disconnection between the two. Note that the switch 41 also has a function of causing the nuclear power plant 2 and the power system 6 to operate synchronously.
  • the switch 42 also has a function of causing the gas turbine plant 3 and the power system 6 to operate synchronously.
  • the station transformer 45 is connected between the station load 46 and the station wiring 47, and steps down the AC voltage of the station wiring 47 to the AC voltage required by the station load 46.
  • the in-house load 46 refers to all types of equipment that need to be operated, for example, when the nuclear power plant 2 is started up and during normal operation.
  • the in-house loads 46 include auxiliary equipment that is in-house equipment for starting the generator, and in-house equipment for safety that needs to be operated in the event of a plant accident or the like.
  • the auxiliary machine starts the nuclear power plant 2 or assists the power generation of the nuclear power plant 2.
  • the auxiliary equipment receives power supply, starts the nuclear power plant 2, and causes the nuclear power plant 2 to continue generating electricity.
  • the auxiliary equipment is, for example, a pump, a blower, or a valve.
  • Safety equipment is the minimum equipment necessary to protect human life and facilities, such as water injection pumps that maintain the safety of nuclear reactors and emergency lights during power outages.
  • the power required by safety equipment is smaller than the power used to operate auxiliary equipment.
  • the nuclear power plant 2 includes a reactor 23 that generates steam, a turbine 21 that is rotationally driven by the generated steam, and a generator 22 that is directly connected to the turbine 21.
  • the reactor 23 of the nuclear power plant 2 supplies hydrogen generated using the heat source of the reactor 23 to the gas turbine plant 3 located outside the nuclear power plant 2. Note that there are other ways to generate hydrogen in the nuclear power plant 2, such as using generated electricity, but the following explanation will be based on the method of generating hydrogen using the heat source of the reactor 23. .
  • the gas turbine plant 3 includes an LNG (natural gas) tank 34, a hydrogen tank 36, and a mixer 35 that mixes these natural gas and hydrogen.
  • the gas turbine plant 3 includes a gas turbine 31 that is driven to rotate using a mixed gas mixed in a mixer 35 as fuel, and a generator 32 that is directly connected to the gas turbine 31.
  • the gas turbine plant 3 burns hydrogen and natural gas as fuel to obtain power.
  • the gas turbine 31 sucks in a large amount of air, and first compresses the air with a compressor. In the following combustor, fuel is injected into high-pressure air and combusted. Finally, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas rotates the gas turbine 31, extracts power as rotational force, and rotates the generator 32. In gas turbine power generation, rotational force is used to rotate the shaft of the generator 32, and rotational energy is converted into electric power. Further, a part of the rotational force of the gas turbine 31 is also used to rotate the compressor. This device is called a gas turbine 31 because the turbine is rotated using high-temperature, high-pressure gas.
  • the hydrogen tank 36 stores hydrogen generated in the reactor 23. Since the gas turbine plant 3 generates electricity using the hydrogen produced in the reactor 23 as fuel, the hydrogen produced in the nuclear power plant 2 can be utilized as an energy source without waste. Furthermore, the gas turbine plant 3 has the ability to supply electric power to the in-house load 46 for starting the nuclear power plant 2 .
  • the gas turbine plant 3 performs grid-connected operation by connecting to the electric power system 6 and autonomous operation by connecting to the in-house load 46.
  • the gas turbine plant 3 is, for example, a plant that burns a mixed gas of hydrogen and natural gas to rotate a turbine and generate electricity.
  • the gas turbine plant 3 can be started and generate electricity even when there is no grid power. This is a black start.
  • the electric power generated by the gas turbine plant 3 can sufficiently operate the station load 46. As a result, the nuclear power plant 2 can be activated and black started.
  • the gas turbine plant 3 can be used to provide power to the internal load 46 of the nuclear power generation facility 1 as a backup power source for the nuclear power generation facility 1 during a long-term station blackout in the event of a large-scale disaster.
  • the control unit 5 is, for example, an information processing device or a computer that includes a central processing unit, a storage device, and various interfaces.
  • the control unit 5 controls, for example, the power generation operations of the nuclear power plant 2 and the gas turbine plant 3, and displays, stores, and transmits information indicating the status of the nuclear power plant 2, the gas turbine plant 3, and the power system 6. It outputs various information regarding the power generation equipment 1. This information may be output to equipment within the nuclear power generation facility 1 or may be output to equipment outside the nuclear power generation facility 1.
  • control unit 5 When a station blackout occurs, the control unit 5 operates the nuclear power plant 2 in full bypass for a short period of time and waits for recovery. If the station blackout continues for a long period of time, the control unit 5 also stops the nuclear power plant 2.
  • the control unit 5 is communicably connected to the central power dispatch center 9, and receives, for example, a notification of the occurrence of a blackout in the power system 6.
  • the central power dispatch center 9 plays the following three roles in order to stably supply electricity to users.
  • the first role of the central power dispatch center 9 is to control the amount of electricity generated so that the amount of electricity used is equal to the amount of electricity generated, and to keep the frequency constant. If the balance between the amount of electricity used by users and the amount of electricity generated by power plants is disrupted, the frequency will be disrupted, making it impossible to provide a stable supply of electricity. For this reason, the central power dispatch center 9 predicts the amount of electricity used, which changes from moment to moment, and adjusts the power generation amount of the power plant accordingly to maintain the AC frequency at a predetermined value.
  • the generated electricity is supplied to users through facilities such as power plants, power transmission lines, substations, distribution lines, and service lines.
  • the power system 6 is a system configured by combining all of these facilities.
  • the second role of the central power dispatch center 9 is to grasp the overall status of the power system 6 in the power grid area of the power company that spans each prefecture, and to stabilize the power system 6 while controlling the electricity flowing there. It is to operate.
  • the third role of the central power dispatch center 9 is to collect weather information, which has a major impact on electricity usage, data such as electricity usage at any given time, and accident information on equipment in the power system 6. , to quickly transmit the necessary information to the relevant locations.
  • the central power dispatch center 9 controls the amount of power generation in accordance with the amount of electricity used. Note that the control unit 5 is not limited to this, as long as it is configured to be able to detect the occurrence of a blackout in the power system 6.
  • the control unit 5 starts up the nuclear power plant 2 using the electric power of the gas turbine plant 3.
  • the control unit 5 By starting up the large-capacity nuclear power generation facility 1 as soon as possible upon recovery from a station blackout, it can play a role in the early recovery of the power system 6.
  • the ability of the nuclear power generation facility 1 to follow the load on the power system 6 is also improved, and added value such as station blackout support is added.
  • Blackstart is the process of bringing the power grid back into service from a power outage without relying on external power transmission networks. At this time, it is necessary to disconnect renewable energy whose output fluctuates and start using hydropower or thermal power.
  • the power system black starts, for example, we start with hydroelectric power generation, increase demand and supply while balancing supply and demand, and then connect nuclear power generation and thermal power generation.
  • hydropower there may also be small-scale gas turbines, etc.
  • the procedure for recovering from a power system black start is as follows. (1) Start the emergency generator and supply on-site power to the power station with black start power. Note that there are also cases where a general hydroelectric generator is used. (2) Secure on-site power at the power plant that will be the starting point of a black start. (3) Start up the black start power supply and gradually expand the power system while also utilizing phase adjustment equipment, which is a function to keep the system stable if necessary. (4) Connect the generators of other power plants in parallel while securing their on-site power supply. (5) Transmit power to the load.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the nuclear power plant 2.
  • the reactor 23 supplies steam to the turbine 21 via piping and steam control valves 241, 242, 243.
  • the turbine 21 is rotationally driven by steam supplied from the reactor 23, and causes the generator 22 to generate electricity.
  • the steam supplied to the turbine 21 and the steam passing through the steam control valve 241 and the turbine bypass valve 244 are condensed by the condenser 25 to become water.
  • the feed water heater 26 heats the water in the condenser 25.
  • the water supply pump 27 supplies water from the water supply heater 26 and water supplied from the outside to the reactor 23 .
  • the turbine bypass valve 244 of the nuclear power plant 2 has the ability to allow 100% of the steam generated in the nuclear reactor (reactor 23) to flow into the condenser 25 for a short time, and the condenser 25 also It has the ability to convert water into water.
  • 100% of the steam generated in the nuclear reactor flows into the condenser 25 and the condenser 25 receives a plurality of steam, this is called full bypass operation.
  • full bypass operation By performing full bypass operation when a blackout occurs in the power system 6, it is possible to maintain the operation of the nuclear power plant 2.
  • the reactor 23 further includes an internal pump 28 that recirculates water in the reactor 23, and a control rod drive device that inserts the control rod into the reactor 23 and controls insertion and withdrawal of the control rod into the fuel assembly of the reactor 23. It is equipped with 29.
  • the pressure control system 52 controls the steam control valve 243 so that the reactor pressure and turbine load are at predetermined values.
  • the water supply control system 55 controls the rotation speed of the water supply pump 27 so that the water level in the reactor falls within a predetermined range.
  • the recirculation flow rate control system 53 controls the output of the reactor by adjusting the recirculation flow rate of water in the reactor core using the internal pump 28 and controlling the amount of voids in the fuel assembly.
  • the control rod operation monitoring system 54 controls the output of the nuclear reactor by controlling the number and insertion positions of control rods (CR) inserted into the fuel assembly.
  • the automatic power adjustment system 51 collectively controls the power of the reactor and the load of the turbine 21 .
  • the control unit 5 in FIG. 1 includes an automatic output adjustment system 51, a pressure control system 52, a recirculation flow rate control system 53, a control rod operation monitoring system 54, and a water supply control system 55.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of control processing for the nuclear power plant 2 and the gas turbine plant 3.
  • the control unit 5 performs the following steps S10 and S11 in parallel.
  • the control unit 5 operates the nuclear power plant 2 to maintain a predetermined output (step S10).
  • the control unit 5 operates the gas turbine generator to follow the load on the system (step S11).
  • the control unit 5 repeatedly executes the processing in steps S10 and S11.
  • the nuclear power generation facility 1 has a load following ability that satisfies the load operation requirements requested by the power system 6 side. Moreover, by using the hydrogen gas generated in the reactor 23 of the nuclear power plant 2 as fuel for the gas turbine plant 3, energy can be converted into electric power without any waste as a whole.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of processing when a blackout of the power system 6 is detected.
  • the control unit 5 detects the occurrence of a blackout in the power system 6 (step S20), it starts the process shown in FIG. 4.
  • the control unit 5 may receive a notification of the occurrence of a blackout in the power system 6 from the central power dispatch center 9 and start processing.
  • the control unit 5 In response to the blackout occurrence signal of the power system 6, the control unit 5 opens the switch 43, controls the turbine bypass valve 244 of the nuclear power plant 2 in the opening direction and the steam control valve 243 in the closing direction, and controls the turbine 21 side.
  • the nuclear power plant 2 is operated in full bypass by rapidly reducing the amount of steam flowing into the condenser 25 and increasing the flow rate of steam to the condenser 25 (step S21). Thereby, the control unit 5 can stop the power generation by the nuclear power plant 2 and immediately return the nuclear power plant 2 from this state to normal operation.
  • control unit 5 stops the gas turbine plant 3 and maintains that state.
  • the control unit 5 determines whether the power system 6 has recovered from the blackout (step S22).
  • step S22 if the control unit 5 determines that the power system 6 has been restored from the blackout in a short time, it returns the nuclear power plant 2 from full bypass operation to normal operation, and restarts the gas turbine plant 3. (step S23), and the process of FIG. 4 is ended. If the control unit 5 determines in step S22 that the power system 6 has not recovered from the blackout in a short time (No), the process proceeds to step S24.
  • step S24 the control unit 5 determines that the blackout of the power system 6 will be prolonged, and stops the nuclear power plant 2.
  • the control unit 5 ends the process of FIG. 4 because the nuclear power plant 2 is in the stopped state. Thereby, the control unit 5 can prevent the power generated by the nuclear power plant 2 from being excessively supplied to the in-plant load 46.
  • the control unit 5 may start the gas turbine plant 3 as appropriate to supply power to the in-house load 46.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a process when an instruction is received from the central power dispatch center 9 to supply power necessary for the black start to the nuclear power generation facility 1 during a black start of the electric power system 6.
  • the control unit 5 receives a black start instruction for the nuclear power generation facility 1 from the central power dispatch center 9 (step S30), it starts a series of black start processes.
  • the control unit 5 starts the nuclear power plant 2 via the in-house transformer 45 using the electric power of the gas turbine plant 3 that was started earlier (step S31), so that the AC output of the nuclear power plant 2 becomes the AC output of the gas turbine plant 3. Wait until it is synchronized with the output (step S32). Note that the control unit 5 is connected to a voltage sensor that detects the AC output of the nuclear power plant 2 and a voltage sensor that detects the AC output of the gas turbine plant 3.
  • control unit 5 closes the switch 41 to synchronize the nuclear power plant 2 and the gas turbine plant 3 in parallel (step S33).
  • control unit 5 waits until the AC output of the nuclear power plant 2 and the AC output of the gas turbine plant 3 are synchronized with the power grid 6, closes the switch 43, and connects the nuclear power plant 2 and the gas turbine plant 3 to the power grid 6. 5 (step S34), the process of FIG. 5 ends.
  • the nuclear power plant 2 Even if the nuclear power plant 2 is shut down, the nuclear reaction continues for a while and hydrogen gas is produced.
  • the nuclear power plant 2 can be started while suppressing the consumption of fuel such as natural gas.
  • the nuclear power generation facility 1 is configured to operate the gas turbine plant 3 to supply the in-station load 46 of the nuclear power plant 2 via the in-station transformer 45 even during a long-term blackout of the power system 6. It is configured to supply power. Therefore, during a long-term blackout of the power system 6, the nuclear power generation facility 1 according to the present embodiment supplies power to the in-plant load 46 without limiting it to the power plant security load as in conventional nuclear power plants. Since it can supply power to the plant, it is possible to maintain the plant more safely and also to provide a black start function.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and includes various modifications.
  • the embodiments described above are described in detail to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. It is possible to replace a part of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment, and it is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment. Furthermore, it is also possible to add, delete, or replace some of the configurations of each embodiment with other configurations.
  • Part or all of the above configurations, functions, processing units, processing means, etc. may be realized by hardware such as an integrated circuit.
  • Each of the above configurations, functions, etc. may be realized by software by a processor interpreting and executing a program for realizing each function.
  • Information such as programs, tables, and files that realize each function can be stored in storage devices such as memory, hard disks, SSDs (Solid State Drives), or recording media such as flash memory cards and DVDs (Digital Versatile Disks). can.
  • control lines and information lines are shown to be considered necessary for explanation, and not all control lines and information lines are necessarily shown in the product. In reality, almost all components may be considered interconnected.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un équipement de génération d'énergie nucléaire (1) qui est utilisé en tant que source d'alimentation de démarrage noir lorsqu'une coupure de station se produit. L'équipement de génération d'énergie nucléaire (1) comprend : une centrale nucléaire (2) qui peut fournir de l'hydrogène à l'extérieur ; et une installation de turbine à gaz (3) qui peut fournir de l'énergie à une charge de la centrale nucléaire (2) à l'aide d'hydrogène généré par la centrale nucléaire (2) en tant que combustible.
PCT/JP2022/016855 2022-03-31 2022-03-31 Équipement de génération d'énergie nucléaire et procédé de fonctionnement d'équipement de génération d'énergie nucléaire WO2023188384A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2022/016855 WO2023188384A1 (fr) 2022-03-31 2022-03-31 Équipement de génération d'énergie nucléaire et procédé de fonctionnement d'équipement de génération d'énergie nucléaire

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PCT/JP2022/016855 WO2023188384A1 (fr) 2022-03-31 2022-03-31 Équipement de génération d'énergie nucléaire et procédé de fonctionnement d'équipement de génération d'énergie nucléaire

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5360483A (en) * 1976-11-10 1978-05-31 Toshiba Corp Output controling method for boiling water type atomic power plant
JPS63190529A (ja) * 1987-01-29 1988-08-08 株式会社東芝 発電装置
JPS63283436A (ja) * 1987-05-11 1988-11-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 非常用発電機の電力系統への併入方法
JPS63285495A (ja) * 1987-05-19 1988-11-22 Toshiba Corp 原子炉制御装置
JP2005354753A (ja) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-22 Hitachi Ltd 発電プラント
JP2006112402A (ja) * 2004-10-18 2006-04-27 Toshiba Corp 原子力発電プラントおよびその運転制御方法
JP2007218604A (ja) * 2006-02-14 2007-08-30 Japan Atomic Energy Agency 負荷変動に対応可能な原子力発電システム

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5360483A (en) * 1976-11-10 1978-05-31 Toshiba Corp Output controling method for boiling water type atomic power plant
JPS63190529A (ja) * 1987-01-29 1988-08-08 株式会社東芝 発電装置
JPS63283436A (ja) * 1987-05-11 1988-11-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 非常用発電機の電力系統への併入方法
JPS63285495A (ja) * 1987-05-19 1988-11-22 Toshiba Corp 原子炉制御装置
JP2005354753A (ja) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-22 Hitachi Ltd 発電プラント
JP2006112402A (ja) * 2004-10-18 2006-04-27 Toshiba Corp 原子力発電プラントおよびその運転制御方法
JP2007218604A (ja) * 2006-02-14 2007-08-30 Japan Atomic Energy Agency 負荷変動に対応可能な原子力発電システム

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