WO2023185382A1 - 一种固态变压器和供电设备 - Google Patents

一种固态变压器和供电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023185382A1
WO2023185382A1 PCT/CN2023/079761 CN2023079761W WO2023185382A1 WO 2023185382 A1 WO2023185382 A1 WO 2023185382A1 CN 2023079761 W CN2023079761 W CN 2023079761W WO 2023185382 A1 WO2023185382 A1 WO 2023185382A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
switching unit
voltage conversion
phase
conversion unit
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Application number
PCT/CN2023/079761
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
舒州
张晓飞
Original Assignee
华为数字能源技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2023185382A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023185382A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
    • H02M5/12—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers for conversion of voltage or current amplitude only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
    • H02B1/26—Casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
    • H02B1/30—Cabinet-type casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of power electronics technology, and in particular to a solid-state transformer and power supply equipment.
  • Solid-state transformers are also called power electronic transformers.
  • power electronic conversion technology and high-frequency power conversion technology based on the principle of electromagnetic induction are combined to convert electrical energy with one power characteristic into another power characteristic. electrical energy.
  • Solid-state transformers are mostly used in medium-voltage power grids. Solid-state transformers can reduce the voltage output from the medium-voltage power grid and output the reduced voltage to low-voltage power supply loads. In solid-state transformers, multiple power conversion units are usually included. Each power conversion unit includes a plurality of single-phase conversion units, and each single-phase conversion unit converts one phase of the three-phase alternating current transmitted by the medium-voltage power grid. However, in current solid-state transformers, each single-phase conversion unit in the power conversion unit shares a neutral line. When a device in any single-phase conversion unit fails, it will affect other single-phase conversion units in the power conversion unit. work, causing the entire power conversion unit to be unusable and reducing the conversion power of the solid-state transformer.
  • This application provides a solid-state transformer and power supply equipment to improve fault tolerance and increase the conversion power of the solid-state transformer.
  • the present application provides a solid-state transformer, which includes a plurality of power conversion units connected in parallel.
  • each power conversion unit includes a plurality of single-phase conversion units, each power conversion unit includes a plurality of single-phase conversion units, and each single-phase conversion unit includes a first switching unit, a voltage conversion unit and a second switching unit;
  • the first end of the first switching unit is the first input end of the single-phase conversion unit, the second end of the first switching circuit is connected to the first input end of the voltage conversion unit; the second input end of the voltage conversion unit is connected to the second switching unit.
  • the first end of the unit is connected, and the output end of the voltage conversion unit is connected to the output end of the solid-state transformer; the second end of the second switching unit is the second input end of the single-phase conversion unit, and the third end of the second switching unit is connected to the output end of the solid-state transformer.
  • One single-phase conversion unit is connected to other single-phase conversion units among the plurality of single-phase conversion units; the voltage conversion unit includes a plurality of voltage conversion circuits connected in series, and the voltage conversion unit is used when it is determined that any voltage conversion circuit fails. , controlling the connected first switching unit and the second switching unit to disconnect; or when other single-phase conversion units fail, disconnecting the failed single-phase conversion unit through the connected second switching unit.
  • the single-phase conversion unit that has not failed can be disconnected from the failed single-phase conversion unit, thereby achieving isolation of the fault source.
  • other single-phase conversion units that have not failed can still work normally, which improves the fault tolerance of the solid-state transformer. Since there is no need to disconnect the entire power conversion unit, the conversion power of the solid-state transformer is improved. .
  • the voltage conversion circuit includes: a first power conversion circuit, a high-frequency transformer and a second power conversion circuit; the first power conversion circuit and the second power conversion circuit are coupled through the high-frequency transformer.
  • the first power conversion circuit and the second power conversion circuit are connected to the external power supply and the load respectively, and through conversion processing, output the voltage required by the load.
  • the first switching unit includes a first switch.
  • the first electrode of the first switch constitutes the first end of the first switching unit, and the second electrode of the first switch constitutes the second end of the first switching unit and is connected to the first input end of the voltage conversion unit.
  • connection mode of the voltage conversion unit and the external power supply can be controlled by controlling the state of the first switch.
  • the second switching unit includes a second switch and a third switch.
  • the first electrode of the second switch and the first electrode of the third switch are both connected to the second input terminal of the voltage conversion unit.
  • the second electrode of the second switch is the second input terminal of the single-phase conversion unit.
  • the second electrode of the third switch is connected to one of the other single-phase conversion units.
  • the second input end of the single-phase conversion unit is connected to one of the other single-phase conversion units, and the second electrode of the second switch is connected to the second electrode of the third switch.
  • connection status with other single-phase conversion units can be controlled by controlling the status of the second switch and the third switch.
  • the second switch or the third switch can be controlled to turn off. Open the connection between the faulty single-phase conversion unit and the non-faulty single-phase conversion unit, thereby realizing the isolation of the fault source and ensuring that the non-faulty single-phase conversion unit can operate normally.
  • one of the plurality of voltage conversion circuits is a target voltage conversion circuit, and the target voltage conversion circuits are respectively connected to the first switching unit and the second switching unit.
  • the target voltage conversion circuit is specifically used to: when any voltage conversion circuit fails, control the connected first switching unit and the second switching unit to disconnect; or when other single-phase conversion units fail, through the connected second switching unit Disconnect the failed single-phase conversion unit.
  • the target voltage conversion circuit realizes the control of the state of the two switching units.
  • the plurality of voltage conversion circuits include a first voltage conversion circuit and a second voltage conversion circuit.
  • the first voltage conversion circuit is connected to the first switching unit.
  • the second voltage conversion circuit is connected to the second switching unit.
  • the first voltage conversion circuit can control the connected first switching unit to disconnect when any voltage conversion circuit fails; the second voltage conversion circuit can disconnect the connected second switching unit when any voltage conversion circuit fails. The unit is disconnected; or when other single-phase conversion units fail, the disconnected second switching unit disconnects from the failed single-phase conversion unit.
  • the first voltage conversion circuit implements state control of the first switching unit
  • the second voltage conversion circuit implements state control of the second switching unit.
  • the power conversion unit further includes a protection unit connected to the first end of the first switching unit.
  • each voltage conversion circuit determines the fault status of other voltage conversion circuits based on the first transmission channel.
  • multiple voltage conversion circuits can communicate through the first transmission channel, thereby achieving Determination of fault conditions between multiple voltage conversion circuits.
  • each single-phase conversion unit determines the fault status of other single-phase conversion units according to the second transmission channel.
  • multiple single-phase conversion units can communicate through the second transmission channel, thereby realizing the determination of fault status between multiple single-phase conversion units.
  • inventions of the present application provide a power supply equipment.
  • the power supply equipment includes a cabinet and the solid-state transformer provided in the first aspect of the present application and any possible design thereof.
  • the solid-state transformer is arranged in the cabinet, and the conductive shell passes through the cabinet. Ground.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a solid-state transformer provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-phase conversion unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a voltage conversion circuit failure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid-state transformer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a power conversion unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first switching unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage conversion circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the work flow of a solid-state transformer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a second switching unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Solid-state transformers can be used as intermediate devices between the power grid and load equipment to convert the voltage in the power grid for use by load equipment.
  • solid-state transformers connect the medium-voltage grid to low-voltage loads.
  • load devices such as servers
  • the power supply from the medium-voltage power grid to the computer room is usually medium-voltage (such as 10kV) AC power, while the load equipment in the data center usually requires low-voltage (such as 220V or 400V) DC or AC power. Therefore, the voltage of the medium-voltage grid can be processed through solid-state transformers to convert the voltage to the size and type of voltage required by the load equipment.
  • solid-state transformers can also convert the power generated on the low-voltage side and transmit it to the medium-voltage grid.
  • solid-state transformers can connect medium-voltage grids and photovoltaic power stations.
  • Solid-state transformers can boost the electrical energy generated by photovoltaic power stations and then transmit the converted electrical energy to the medium-voltage power grid.
  • the solid-state transformer is connected to the power grid 01 and the load device 02 respectively.
  • the electric energy transmitted on the power grid 01 can be three-phase alternating current.
  • three-phase alternating current can be composed of three single-phase alternating currents with a phase difference of 120 degrees.
  • the three single-phase alternating currents can be A-phase alternating current, B-phase alternating current, and C-phase alternating current.
  • Each single-phase alternating current can be connected to a single-phase conversion unit 11 in the solid-state transformer.
  • Each single-phase conversion unit 11 can convert a received single-phase alternating current.
  • multiple single-phase conversion units 11 the power grid 01
  • the three-phase alternating current transmitted on the converter is converted and processed to output low-voltage alternating current or direct current for use by the load-end device 02.
  • multiple single-phase conversion units 11 constitute a Power conversion unit.
  • the conversion power of a single power conversion unit is limited.
  • multiple power conversion units can be installed in the solid-state transformer. Multiple power conversion units can be connected in parallel. Each power conversion unit converts a part of the electric energy received by the solid-state transformer. .
  • each single-phase conversion unit 11 may include multiple voltage conversion circuits.
  • the input terminals of the multiple voltage conversion circuits are connected in series, and the output terminals of the multiple voltage conversion circuits are connected in parallel.
  • the input terminals of multiple voltage conversion circuits are connected in series to divide the single-phase alternating current.
  • Each voltage conversion circuit receives a part of the voltage and performs conversion processing, and outputs the converted electric energy to the load device 02 through the output terminal.
  • the number of voltage conversion circuits in the single-phase conversion unit 11 can be set according to the voltage amplitude of the single-phase AC power and the conversion capability of a single voltage conversion circuit, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a solid-state transformer that can improve fault-tolerant operation capabilities and convert power when a single-phase conversion unit fails.
  • connection in the embodiment of the present application may be an electrical connection or a communication connection.
  • the electrical connection of two electrical components may be a direct or indirect connection between the two electrical components.
  • a and B can be connected directly, or A and B can be connected indirectly through one or more other electrical components.
  • a and B can be connected, or A and C can be connected directly.
  • C and B are directly connected, and A and B are connected through C.
  • references in this specification to "one embodiment” or “some embodiments” or the like mean that one or more of the Each embodiment includes a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment. Therefore, the phrases “in one embodiment”, “in some embodiments”, “in other embodiments”, “in other embodiments”, etc. appearing in different places in this specification are not necessarily References are made to the same embodiment, but rather to “one or more but not all embodiments” unless specifically stated otherwise.
  • the terms “including,” “includes,” “having,” and variations thereof all mean “including but not limited to,” unless otherwise specifically emphasized.
  • the switch transistor in the embodiment of the present application may be a relay, a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), an insulated gate
  • MOSFET metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
  • BJT bipolar junction transistor
  • IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
  • GaN gallium nitride field effect transistor
  • SiC silicon carbide
  • Each switching device may include a first electrode, a second electrode and a control electrode, wherein the control electrode is used to control the switching device to be turned on or off. When the switching device is turned on, current can be transmitted between the first electrode and the second electrode of the switching device.
  • the control electrode of the switching device is the gate
  • the first electrode of the switching device can be the source of the switching device
  • the second electrode can be the drain of the switching device
  • the first electrode can be the drain of the switching device.
  • the second electrode may be the source of the switching device.
  • the solid-state transformer 30 includes a plurality of power conversion units 41 connected in parallel. Each power conversion unit 41 performs conversion processing on a portion of the power received by the solid-state transformer 40 , so that the solid-state transformer 40 achieves high-power conversion.
  • each power conversion unit 41 includes a plurality of single-phase conversion units 411 , and each single-phase conversion unit 411 includes a first switching unit 4111 , a voltage conversion unit 4112 , and a second switching unit 4113 .
  • the first terminal of the first switching unit 4111 is the first input terminal of the single-phase conversion unit 411, and the second terminal of the first switching circuit 4111 is connected to the first input terminal of the voltage conversion unit 4112;
  • the second input terminal is connected to the first terminal of the second switching unit 4113, and the output terminal of the voltage conversion unit 4112 is connected to the output terminal of the solid-state transformer 40;
  • the second terminal of the second switching unit 4113 is the second terminal of the single-phase conversion unit 411.
  • the input terminal, the third terminal of the second switching unit 4113 is connected to one of the other single-phase conversion units 411 .
  • the single-phase conversion unit can be used as the failed single-phase conversion unit.
  • the second input end of the single-phase conversion unit 411 is connected to one single-phase conversion unit 411 among other single-phase conversion units 411 in the plurality of single-phase conversion units, and the third end of the second switching unit 4113 is connected to other single-phase conversion units 411.
  • Another single-phase conversion unit 411 in the single-phase conversion unit 411 is connected, thereby realizing a connection between the single-phase conversion units 411 in the power conversion unit 41 .
  • the power conversion unit 41 in FIG. 5 only shows three single-phase conversion units 411.
  • the number of single-phase conversion units 411 in the power conversion unit 41 may be multiple.
  • the second switching unit 4113 in the single-phase conversion unit 411 needs to set a corresponding number of ports. For example, when the number of single-phase conversion units 411 in the power conversion unit 41 is 5, the number of ports of the second switching unit 4113 may be 5, one port is connected to the voltage conversion unit 4112, and the other four ports are connected to the power conversion unit respectively.
  • the other single-phase conversion units 411 in 41 are connected.
  • the voltage conversion unit 4112 includes a plurality of voltage conversion circuits 41121 connected in series.
  • the voltage conversion unit 4112 is used to control the connected first switching unit 4111 and the second switching unit 4111 when any voltage conversion circuit 41121 fails.
  • the switching unit 4113 is disconnected; or when other single-phase conversion units 411 fail, the connection with the failed single-phase conversion unit 411 is disconnected through the connected second switching unit 4113.
  • the medium-voltage power grid can adopt a three-phase three-wire transmission method, that is, the medium-voltage power grid includes three phase lines, and each phase line outputs a single-phase alternating current.
  • each single-phase conversion unit 411 is connected to a phase line of the medium-voltage power grid, and the second input end of each single-phase conversion unit 411 and the third end of the second switching unit 4113 are respectively connected to A single-phase conversion unit is connected to form the neutral line N to achieve the balance between the three-phase alternating current, thereby receiving the single-phase alternating current and converting the received single-phase alternating current.
  • each phase line and neutral line N form an electric energy transmission path through the single-phase conversion unit 411, and transmit single-phase AC power to the single-phase conversion unit 411.
  • the single-phase conversion unit 411 converts the received single-phase AC power. deal with.
  • the neutral lines connected to the single-phase conversion units 411 in each power conversion unit 41 are the same, and the neutral lines connected to each power conversion unit 41 are different, so that each power conversion unit 41 can work independently.
  • the first switching unit 4111 is connected to a phase line of the medium voltage power grid, and the second input terminal and the third terminal of the second switching unit 4113 are connected to other single-phase conversion units 411 in the power conversion unit 41 connection to form the neutral line N. Therefore, when a certain single-phase conversion unit 411 in the single-phase conversion unit 411 fails, the first switching unit 4111 and the second switching unit 4111 in the failed single-phase conversion unit 411 can be controlled.
  • Unit 4113 is disconnected, thus disconnecting the failed single-phase conversion unit 411 from the medium-voltage power grid and other single-phase conversion units 411 that have not failed, thereby isolating the fault source and ensuring that the single-phase conversion unit 411 that has not failed has It can work normally, and the power conversion unit 41 can continue to operate when the single-phase conversion unit 411 fails, which improves the fault-tolerant operation capability and conversion efficiency of the solid-state transformer 40 .
  • the solid-state transformer 40 can be fixedly connected to the medium-voltage power grid and load equipment.
  • the solid-state transformer 40 can be configured in a flexible and detachable form.
  • the solid-state transformer 40 is provided with a fixed interface.
  • the piezoelectric network can be connected to the solid-state transformer 40 through a fixed interface, and the load device can also be connected to the solid-state transformer 40 through the fixed interface.
  • the solid state transformer 40 is a device independent of the medium voltage grid and load equipment.
  • the first switching unit 4111, the voltage conversion unit 4112 and the second switching unit 4113 in the single-phase conversion unit 411 are introduced in detail.
  • the first terminal of the first switching unit 4111 is the first input terminal of the single-phase conversion unit 411.
  • the second terminal of the first switching unit 4111 is connected to the first input terminal of the voltage conversion unit 4112.
  • the first switching unit 4111 can realize voltage conversion.
  • the conversion unit 4112 is connected to the first input end of the solid-state transformer 40 .
  • the function of setting the first switching unit 4111 is: when any voltage conversion circuit 41121 in the voltage conversion unit 4112 fails, the first switching unit 4111 can be controlled to be disconnected, thereby disconnecting the voltage conversion unit 4112 from the medium voltage circuit. network connection to avoid increasing the scope of faults.
  • a first switch may be included in the first switching unit 4111.
  • the first electrode of the first switch is the first terminal of the first switching unit 4111 and is connected to the first input terminal of the single-phase conversion unit 411 .
  • the second electrode of the first switch is the second terminal of the first switching unit 4111 and is connected to the first input terminal of the voltage conversion unit 4112.
  • control electrode of the first switch is connected to the voltage conversion unit 4112.
  • the control electrode of the first switch will receive the drive signal sent by the voltage conversion unit 4112 and drive the first switch to open, thus disconnecting the voltage conversion unit 4112 from the phase line. connection to suppress the increase in fault scope.
  • the first switching unit 4111 further includes a first resistor, and the first resistor is connected in parallel with the first switch.
  • the first switch can be controlled to be turned off, and the first resistor can limit the starting current.
  • the control The first switch is turned on, and at this time the first switch bypasses the first resistor, thereby preventing the first resistor from consuming energy.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the first switching unit 4111 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • S1 can be regarded as the first switch
  • R1 can be regarded as the first resistor.
  • connection relationship of each device in the first switching unit 4111 shown in Figure 6 may be: the first electrode of the switch S1 and the first end of the first resistor R1 are both connected to the first input end of the single-phase conversion unit 411, and the switch The second electrode of S1 and the second electrode of the first resistor R1 are both connected to the first input terminal of the voltage conversion unit 4112.
  • the voltage conversion unit 4112 sends a driving signal to the control electrode of S1 for driving S1 to open, and S1 receives When the above driving signal is received, the connection between the first electrode and the second electrode is disconnected. At this time, the faulty voltage conversion unit 4112 operates in a small current state, thereby avoiding short circuit and other faults that cause damage to the non-faulty voltage conversion circuit, causing The scope of the fault increases.
  • the power conversion unit 41 also includes a protection unit connected to the first end of the first switching unit 4111.
  • This protection unit can be used to perform overloading. protection and short circuit protection.
  • the protection unit may be a mechanical control device, such as a circuit breaker or a fuse.
  • the protection unit can also be an electronic control device, for example, an electronic switch tube with a controller.
  • the protection unit is provided inside the single-phase conversion unit 411.
  • the single-phase conversion unit 411 includes a protection unit 4114.
  • One end of the protection unit 4114 is connected to the first end of the first switch in the first switching unit 4111. connection, at this time the other end of the protection unit 4114 is the first input end of the single-phase conversion unit 411.
  • the protection unit is provided in the power conversion unit 41 , and the protection unit is independent of the single-phase conversion unit 411 .
  • the protection unit is connected to the first input end of the single-phase conversion unit 411.
  • the protection unit includes multiple protection sub-units, each of the multiple protection sub-units corresponds one-to-one to each of the multiple single-phase conversion units, and each protection sub-unit has One end is connected to a phase line, and the other end of each protection subunit is connected to the first input end of the corresponding single-phase conversion unit, and the connected single-phase conversion unit is protected against overload and short circuit.
  • the first input terminal of the voltage conversion unit 4112 is connected to the second terminal of the first switching unit 4111, the second input terminal of the voltage conversion unit 4112 is connected to the first terminal of the second switching unit 4113, and the output terminal of the voltage conversion unit 4112 is connected to The output of solid state transformer 40 is connected.
  • the voltage conversion unit 4112 includes multiple voltage conversion circuits 41121 , the input terminals of the multiple voltage conversion circuits 41121 are connected in series, and the output terminals of the multiple voltage conversion circuits 41121 are connected in parallel.
  • the high potential input end of the first voltage conversion circuit 41121 of the multiple voltage conversion circuits 41121 connected in series constitutes the first input end of the voltage conversion unit 4112
  • the last voltage conversion circuit 41121 of the multiple voltage conversion circuits 41121 connected in series The low-level input terminal constitutes the second input terminal of the voltage conversion unit 4112.
  • each voltage conversion circuit 41121 may include a first power conversion circuit (medium-voltage side power conversion circuit), a high-frequency transformer, and a second power conversion circuit (low-voltage side power conversion circuit).
  • the first power conversion circuit and the second power conversion circuit may be coupled through a high-frequency transformer.
  • the first power conversion circuit is used to connect to the medium-voltage power grid, and the second power conversion circuit is connected to the load device through the output end of the solid-state transformer 40 .
  • medium voltage and low voltage only represent two relative concepts and do not limit the voltage size. That is, the voltage of the medium-voltage side power conversion circuit is greater than the voltage of the low-voltage side power conversion circuit.
  • the first power conversion circuit and the second power conversion circuit in the voltage conversion circuit 41121 may be composed of switching tubes, diodes, inductors, capacitors and other devices.
  • the working status of the first power conversion circuit and the second power conversion circuit can be realized by adjusting the working status of these devices (such as switching tubes).
  • the voltage conversion circuit 41121 may further include a controller, which may be used to control the first power conversion circuit and the second power conversion circuit to perform conversion processing.
  • the controller can be any one of a micro controller unit (MCU), a central processing unit (CPU), and a digital signal processor (DSP).
  • MCU micro controller unit
  • CPU central processing unit
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • the specific form of the controller is not limited to the above examples.
  • the voltage conversion unit 4112 is connected to the first switching unit 4111 and the second switching unit 4113 respectively, and controls the states of the first switching unit 4111 and the second switching unit 4113.
  • one of the plurality of voltage conversion circuits 41121 is a target voltage conversion circuit, and the target voltage conversion circuits are respectively connected to the first switching unit 4111 and the second switching unit 4113.
  • the target voltage conversion circuit can control the connected first switching unit 4111 and the second switching unit 4113 to disconnect when any voltage conversion circuit fails; or when other single-phase conversion units 411 fail, the connected first switching unit 4111 and the second switching unit 4113 fail.
  • the second switching unit 4113 disconnects the failed single-phase conversion unit 411 .
  • the target voltage conversion circuit in the voltage conversion unit 4112 is connected with the first switching unit 4111 and the second switching unit 4111. Potential differences may exist between cells 4113.
  • the state of the first switching unit 4111 and the second switching unit 4113 can be controlled.
  • a voltage conversion device can be connected to the target voltage conversion circuit to eliminate the connection between the target voltage conversion circuit and the first switching unit 4111 and the second switching unit. potential difference between cells 4113.
  • the voltage conversion unit 4112 includes a first voltage conversion circuit 41121 and a second voltage conversion circuit 41121.
  • the first voltage conversion circuit 41121 is connected to the first switching unit 4111, and the second voltage conversion circuit 41121 is connected to the second switching unit.
  • Unit 4113 is connected.
  • the first voltage conversion circuit 41121 may control the connected first switching unit 4111 to disconnect when any voltage conversion circuit 41121 fails.
  • the second voltage conversion circuit 41121 can control the connected second switching unit 4113 to disconnect when any voltage conversion circuit 41121 fails; or when other single-phase conversion unit 411 fails, the connected second switching unit 4113 disconnects Connection to a failed single-phase conversion unit.
  • the potential of the first voltage conversion circuit 41121 among the plurality of voltage conversion circuits 41121 is the same as that of the first switching unit 4111, the potential of the last voltage conversion circuit 41121 among the plurality of voltage conversion circuits 41121 is the same as that of the second switching unit 4111.
  • the potentials of the units 4113 are the same.
  • the first voltage conversion circuit 41121 can be used as the first voltage conversion circuit 41121, and the last voltage conversion circuit 41121 can be used as the second voltage conversion circuit 41121.
  • the voltage conversion circuit used to control the status of the first switching unit 4111 and the second switching unit 4113 in the voltage conversion unit 4112 can detect the fault status of other voltage conversion units in the voltage conversion unit 4112 and Fault status of other single-phase conversion units.
  • each voltage conversion circuit can determine the fault status of other voltage conversion circuits based on the first transmission channel.
  • a second transmission channel is connected between the multiple single-phase conversion units in each power conversion unit 41, and each single-phase conversion unit 411 The fault status of the other single-phase conversion units can be determined based on the second transmission channel.
  • the working process of the target voltage conversion circuit may include the following steps:
  • Step 801 Determine whether there is a faulty voltage conversion circuit in the single-phase conversion unit. If yes, execute step 802; otherwise, return to step 803.
  • Step 802 Control the first switching unit and the second switching unit to be disconnected, and continue to execute step 803.
  • Step 803 Determine whether the connected single-phase conversion unit is faulty. If yes, execute step 804; otherwise, return to step 801.
  • Step 804 Control the second switching unit to disconnect from the failed single-phase conversion unit, and return to step 805.
  • step 805 the single-phase conversion unit operates normally.
  • the first terminal of the second switching unit 4113 is connected to the second input terminal of the voltage conversion unit, the second terminal of the second switching unit 4113 is the second input terminal of the single-phase conversion unit 411, and the third terminal of the second switching unit 4113 Connected to other single-phase conversion units 411 among the plurality of single-phase conversion units.
  • the second end of the second switching unit 4113 is connected to one single-phase conversion unit among the other single-phase conversion units 411
  • the third end of the second switching unit 4113 is connected to another single-phase conversion unit among the other single-phase conversion units 411 .
  • the conversion units are connected to realize mutual connection between the single-phase conversion units.
  • the second switching unit 4113 includes a second switch and a third switch.
  • the first electrode of the second switch and the first electrode of the third switch are both connected to the second input terminal of the voltage conversion unit 4112.
  • the second electrode of the second switch is connected to the second input terminal of the single-phase conversion unit 411.
  • the third The second electrode of the switch is connected to one of the other single-phase conversion units 411 .
  • the second electrode of the second switch is connected to a single-phase conversion unit 411 through the second input end of the single-phase conversion unit 411, and the second electrode of the second switch is connected to the second electrode of the third switch.
  • the units are different.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the second switching unit 4113 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • S2 can be regarded as the second switch
  • S3 can be regarded as the third switch.
  • connection relationship of each device in the second switching unit 4113 shown in Figure 9 may be: the first electrode of S2 is connected to the low-potential input end of the last voltage conversion circuit among the multiple voltage conversion circuits connected in series, and the second electrode of S2 with a single The second switching unit of the phase conversion unit 411 is connected.
  • the first electrode of S3 is connected to the low potential input end of the last voltage conversion circuit among the multiple voltage conversion circuits connected in series, and the second electrode of S3 is connected to the second switching unit of another single-phase conversion unit 411 .
  • each first switching unit 4111 includes two switches S2 and S3.
  • the second electrode of the switch S2 in the single-phase conversion unit 411 that receives A-phase alternating current is connected to
  • the second electrode of the switch S3 in the single-phase conversion unit 411 that receives the C-phase alternating current is connected to the second electrode of the switch S3 in the single-phase conversion unit 411 that receives the A-phase alternating current and the single-phase conversion unit 411 that receives the B-phase alternating current.
  • the second electrode of switch S2 is connected, and the second electrode of S3 in the single-phase conversion unit 411 that receives B-phase alternating current is connected to the second electrode of switch S2 in the single-phase conversion unit that receives C-phase alternating current, thereby realizing the power conversion unit. Connections between all single phase conversion units.
  • the switches S2 and S3 in the unit 4113 receive the above-mentioned driving signal, they disconnect the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby disconnecting the faulty single-phase conversion unit and the non-faulty single-phase conversion unit. , realize the isolation of fault sources and ensure that the single-phase conversion unit that has not failed can work normally.
  • a driving signal for driving the switch to open is sent to S2 or S3 connected to the failed single-phase conversion unit, and communicates with the failed single-phase conversion unit.
  • the switch S2 or S3 connected to the phase conversion unit receives the drive signal and disconnects the failed single-phase conversion unit to isolate the fault source and ensure that the single-phase conversion unit that has not failed can operate normally.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a power supply system, which may include a cabinet and the aforementioned solid-state transformer 40 , and the solid-state transformer 40 is disposed in the cabinet.
  • the solid-state transformer 40 is connected to the medium-voltage power grid and the load equipment respectively.
  • the solid-state transformer 40 can convert the electric energy transmitted on the medium-voltage power grid and output the converted electric energy to the load equipment.
  • the medium-voltage power grid can be charging piles or medium-voltage power grids.
  • the solid-state transformer 40 also includes a conductive casing, which can be connected to the cabinet, or the conductive casing can be directly grounded to meet the safety requirements of the solid-state transformer 40 .
  • embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment that combines software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
  • computer-usable storage media including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that causes a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including the instruction means, the instructions
  • the device implements one process or multiple processes in the flow chart and/or one or more blocks in the block diagram Functions specified in the box.
  • These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, causing a series of operating steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing, thereby executing on the computer or other programmable device.
  • Instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in a process or processes of a flowchart diagram and/or a block or blocks of a block diagram.

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Abstract

一种固态变压器和供电设备，用于提升固态变压器的故障容错运行能力。固态变压器包括并联的多个功率转换单元；每个功率转换单元包括多个单相转换单元，每个单相转换单元包括第一切换单元、电压转换单元和第二切换单元；第一切换单元的第一端为单相转换单元的第一输入端，第二端与电压转换单元的第一输入端连接；电压转换单元的第二输入端与第二切换单元的第一端连接，输出端与固态变压器的输出端连接；第二切换单元的第二端为单相转换单元的第二输入端，第三端与其它单相转换单元中的一个单相转换单元连接；电压转换单元包括串联的多个电压转换电路。

Description

一种固态变压器和供电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年03月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210332087.7、申请名称为“一种固态变压器和供电设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及到电力电子技术领域，尤其涉及到一种固态变压器和供电设备。
背景技术
固态变压器又称为电力电子变压器，在固态变压器中，通过将电力电子变换技术和基于电磁感应原理的高频电能变换技术相结合，以将一种电力特征的电能转变为另一种电力特征的电能。
固态变压器多应用于中压电网中，固态变压器可以将中压电网输出的电压进行降压低处理，并将降压处理后的电压输出给低压供电负载。在固态变压器中，通常包括多个功率转换单元。在每个功率转换单元包括多个单相转换单元，每个单相转换单元对中压电网传输的三相交流电的其中一相进行转换处理。但是在目前的固态变压器中，功率转换单元中每个单相转换单元共用一个中性线，当任一单相转换单元中的器件发生故障时，均会影响功率转换单元中其它单相转换单元的工作，造成整个功率转换单元无法使用，降低了固态变压器的转换功率。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种固态变压器和供电设备，用以提升故障容错能力以及提升固态变压器的转换功率。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种固态变压器，该固态变压器包括并联的多个功率转换单元。
具体地，每个功率转换单元包括多个单相转换单元，每个功率转换单元包括多个单相转换单元，每个单相转换单元包括第一切换单元、电压转换单元和第二切换单元；第一切换单元的第一端为单相转换单元的第一输入端，第一切换电路的第二端与电压转换单元的第一输入端连接；电压转换单元的第二输入端与第二切换单元的第一端连接，电压转换单元的输出端与固态变压器的输出端连接；第二切换单元的第二端为单相转换单元的第二输入端，第二切换单元的第三端与所述多个单相转换单元中的其它单相转换单元中的一个单相转换单元连接；电压转换单元包括串联的多个电压转换电路，电压转换单元用于在确定任一电压转换电路发生故障时，控制连接的第一切换单元和第二切换单元断开；或者在其它单相转换单元发生故障时，通过连接的第二切换单元断开与故障的单相转换单元的连接。
采用上述固态变压器，当任一单相转换单元中的电压转换单元发生故障时候，未发生故障的单相转换单元可以断开与故障的单相转换单元的连接，从而实现故障源的隔离，此 时只有故障的单相转换单元不能工作，其它未发生故障的单相转换单元仍然可以正常工作，提升了固态变压器的故障容错能力，由于无需断开整个功率转换单元，提升了固态变压器的转换功率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电压转换电路包括：第一功率转换电路、高频变压器和第二功率转换电路；第一功率转换电路和第二功率转换电路通过高频变压器耦合。
采用上述固态变压器，第一功率转换和第二功率转换电路分别与外部电源和负载连接，并通过进行转换处理，输出负载需求的电压。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一切换单元包括第一开关。
其中，第一开关的第一电极构成第一切换单元的第一端，第一开关的第二电极构成第一切换单元的第二端，与电压转换单元的第一输入端连接。
采用上述固态变压器，可以通过控制第一开关的状态，控制电压转换单元与外部电源连接的连接方式。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二切换单元包括第二开关和第三开关。
具体地，第二开关的第一电极和第三开关的第一电极均与电压转换单元的第二输入端连接。第二开关的第二电极为单相转换单元的第二输入端。第三开关的第二电极与其它单相转换单元中的一个单相转换单元连接。其中，单相转换单元的第二输入端与其它单相转换单元中的一个单相转换单元连接、且第二开关第二电极与第三开关的第二电极连接的单相转换单元不同。
采用上述固态变压器，可以通过控制第二开关和第三开关的状态控制与其它单相转换单元的连接状态，当某个单相转换单元发生故障时，可以通过控制第二开关或第三开关断开故障的单相转换单元与未发生故障的单相转换单元之间的连接，从而实现故障源的隔离，保证未发生故障的单相转换单元可以正常工作。
在一种可能的实现方式中，多个电压转换电路中的一个为目标电压转换电路，目标电压转换电路分别与第一切换单元和第二切换单元连接。目标电压转换电路具体用于：在任一电压转换电路发生故障时，控制连接的第一切换单元和第二切换单元断开；或者在其它单相转换单元发生故障时，通过连接的第二切换单元断开与故障的单相转换单元的连接。
采用上述固态变压器，目标电压转换电路实现两个切换单元状态的控制。
在一种可能的实现方式中，多个电压转换电路中包括第一电压转换电路和第二电压转换电路。第一电压转换电路与第一切换单元连接。第二电压转换电路与第二切换单元连接。
具体地，第一电压转换电路可以在任一电压转换电路发生故障时，控制连接的第一切换单元断开；第二电压转换电路可以在任一电压转换电路发生故障时，断开连接的第二切换单元断开；或者在其它单相转换单元故障时，断开连接的第二切换单元断开与故障的单相转换单元的连接。
采用上述固态变压器，第一电压转换电路实现第一切换单元的状态控制，第二电压转换电路实现第二切换单元的状态控制。
在一种可能的实现方式中，功率转换单元还包括与第一切换单元的第一端连接的保护单元。
在一种可能的实现方式中，多个电压转换电路之间有第一传输通道，每个电压转换电路根据第一传输通道确定其它电压转换电路的故障状态。
采用上述固态变压器，多个电压转换电路可以通过第一传输通道实现通信，从而实现 多个电压转换电路之间故障状态的确定。
在一种可能的实现方式中，多个单相转换单元之间有第二传输通道，每个单相转换单元根据第二传输通道确定其它单相转换单元的故障状态。
采用上述固态变压器，多个单相转换单元可以通过第二传输通道实现通信，从而实现多个单相转换单元之间故障状态的确定。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种供电设备，该供电设备包括机柜和本申请第一方面及其任一可能的设计中提供的固态变压器，固态变压器设置在机柜内，且导电外壳通过机柜接地。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种固态变压器的应用场景示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种单相转换单元的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种电压转换电路故障示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种固态变压器的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种功率转换单元的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种第一切换单元的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种电压转换电路的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种固态变压器的工作流程示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种第二切换单元的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
为了方便理解本申请实施例提供的固态变压器，下面首先介绍一下其应用场景。
固态变压器可以作为电网和负载设备之间的中间设备，用于将电网中的电压进行转换，以供负载设备进行使用。通常，固态变压器连接中压电网和低压负载。例如，在数据中心中，通常包含多个负载设备(如服务器)。中压电网进入机房的供电通常为中压(如10kV)交流电，而数据中心的负载设备通常需要低压(如220V或400V)直流电或交流电。因此，可以通过固态变压器对中压电网的电压进行处理，以将电压转换为负载设备所需的电压大小和类型。或者，在其他一些应用场景中，固态变压器也能够将低压侧产生的电能转换后输送到中压电网。例如，固态变压器可以连接中压电网和光伏发电站。固态变压器可以将光伏发电站所产生的电能进行升压等处理，然后将转换后的电能输送至中压电网。
如图1所示，为固态变压器的应用场景示意图，参见图1所示，固态变压器分别与电网01和负载设备02连接。具体应用时，电网01上传输的电能可以是三相交流电。具体来说，三相交流电可以由三个相位相差120度的单相交流电构成，三个单相交流电可以分别为A相交流单、B相交流电和C相交流电。每一个单相交流电可以与固态变压器中的一个单相转换单元11连接，每个单相转换单元11可以对接收的一个单相交流电进行转换处理，通过多个单相转换单元11可以对电网01上传输的三相交流电进行转换处理，以输出低压的交流电或直流电，以供负载端设备02使用。其中，多个单相转换单元11构成一个 功率转换单元。
实际使用时，当固态变压器应用大于功率转换场景时，单个功率转换单元的转换功率有限。为了实现大功率转换，满足负载设备02的需求，固态变压器中可以设置有多个功率转换单元，多个功率转换单元可以采用并联的方式进行连接，每个功率转换单元转换固态变压器接收的一部分电能。
如图2所示，每个单相转换单元11中可以包括多个电压转换电路，多个电压转换电路的输入端采用串联的方式连接，多个电压转换电路的输出端采用并联的方式连接，多个电压转换电路的输入端串联对单相交流电进行分压处理，每个电压转换电路接收一部分电压并进行转换处理，并将转换处理后的电能通过输出端输出给负载设备02使用。
实际使用时，单相转换单元11中电压转换电路的数量，可以根据单相交流电的电压幅值以及单个电压转换电路的转换能力进行设置，本申请这里不做具体限定。
在实际应用中，每个功率转换单元中的多个单相转换单元均使用同一根中性线N(neutral line，N)，参见图3所示，当任一个单相转换单元中的电压转换电路发生故障，将会造成中性线N的电位发生改变，未发生故障的单相转换单元两端承受的电压幅值将会发生改变，即未发生故障的单相转换单元的工作条件发生变化，影响未发生故障的单相转换单元的正常工作。实际使用时，为了保证固态变压器以及与固态变压器连接的器件的安全，会将发生故障的单相转换单元所在的功率转换单元关闭，但是，这种工作方式会明显降低固态变压器的转换功率。
为此，本申请实施例提供了一种能够某个单相转换单元故障的情况下，提升故障容错运行能力以及转换功率的固态变压器。
为了能够清楚了解本申请提供的固态变压器，下面将结合附图和具体实施例进行具体说明。
以下实施例中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在作为对本申请的限制。如在本申请的说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数表达形式“一个”、“一种”、“上述”、“该”和“这一”旨在也包括例如“一个或多个”这种表达形式，除非其上下文中明确地有相反指示。还应当理解，在本申请以下各实施例中，“至少一个”、“一个或多个”是指一个、两个或两个以上。术语“和/或”，用于描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系；例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A、B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
方法实施例中的具体操作方法也可以应用于装置实施例或系统实施例中。需要说明的是，在本申请的描述中“多个”只指“两个及两个以上”。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，字符“/”，如无特殊说明，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。另外，需要理解的是，在本申请的描述中，“第一”、“第二”等词汇，仅用于区分描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性，也不能理解为指示或暗示顺序。
需要指出的是，本申请实施例中“连接”可以是电连接，也可以是通信连接。两个电学元件的电连接可以是两个电学元件之间的直接或间接连接。例如，A与B连接，既可以是A与B直接连接，也可以是A与B之间通过一个或多个其它电学元件间接连接，例如A与B连接，也可以是A与C直接连接，C与B直接连接，A与B之间通过C实现了连接。
在本说明书中描述的参考“一个实施例”或“一些实施例”等意味着在本申请的一个或多 个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。由此，在本说明书中的不同之处出现的语句“在一个实施例中”、“在一些实施例中”、“在其他一些实施例中”、“在另外一些实施例中”等不是必然都参考相同的实施例，而是意味着“一个或多个但不是所有的实施例”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。
需要指出的是，本申请实施例中的开关管可以是继电器、金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor，MOSFET)，双极结型管(bipolar junction transistor，BJT)，绝缘栅双极型晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor，IGBT)，氮化镓场效应晶体管(GaN)，碳化硅(SiC)功率管等多种类型的开关器件中的一种或多种，本申请实施例对此不再一一列举。每个开关器件皆可以包括第一电极、第二电极和控制电极，其中，控制电极用于控制开关器件的导通或断开。当开关器件导通时，开关器件的第一电极和第二电极之间可以传输电流，当开关器件断开时，开关器件的第一电极和第二电极之间无法传输电流。以MOSFET为例，开关器件的控制电极为栅极，开关器件的第一电极可以是开关器件的源极，第二电极可以是开关器件的漏极，或者，第一电极可以是开关器件的漏极，第二电极可以是开关器件的源极。
如图4所示，为本申请实施例提供的一种固态变压器。参见图4所示，该固态变压器30包括并联的多个功率转换单元41。每个功率转换单元41分别对固态变压器40接收的一部分功率进行转换处理，以使固态变压器40实现大功率转换。
参见图5所示，每个功率转换单元41包括多个单相转换单元411，每个单相转换单元411包括第一切换单元4111、电压转换单元4112、第二切换单元4113。
具体地，第一切换单元4111的第一端为单相转换单元411的第一输入端，第一切换电路4111的第二端与电压转换单元4112的第一输入端连接；电压转换单元4112的第二输入端与第二切换单元4113的第一端连接，电压转换单元4112的输出端与固态变压器40的输出端连接；第二切换单元4113的第二端为单相转换单元411的第二输入端，第二切换单元4113的第三端与其它单相转换单元411中的一个单相转换单元连接。
其中，单相转换单元411中任一电压转换电路发生故障，则可以将该单相转换单元作为故障的单相转换单元。
具体实现时，单相转换单元411的第二输入端与多个单相转换单元中的其它单相转换单元411中的一个单相转换单元411连接，第二切换单元4113的第三端与其它单相转换单元411中的另一单相转换单元411连接，从而实现功率转换单元41中的单相转换单元411之间的连接。
应理解，图5中功率转换单元41仅示出三个单相转换单元411，实际使用时，功率转换单元41中单相转换单元411的数量可以有多个。应理解，功率转换单元41中包括多个单相转换单元411时，为了实现单相转换单元411之间的连接，单相转换单元411中第二切换单元4113需要设置对应的端口数量。例如，当功率转换单元41中单相转换单元411的数量为5时，第二切换单元4113的端口数量可以5个，其中一个端口与电压转换单元4112连接，另外四个端口分别与功率转换单元41中的其它单相转换单元411连接。
下面，以功率转换单元41中包括三个单相转换单元411为例进行说明。
实际使用时，电压转换单元4112包括串联的多个电压转换电路41121，电压转换单元4112用于在任一电压转换电路41121发生故障时，控制连接的第一切换单元4111和第二 切换单元4113断开；或者在其它单相转换单元411发生故障时，通过连接的第二切换单元4113断开与故障的单相转换单元411的连接。
具体地，固态变压器40的输入端与中压电网连接，固态变压器40的输出端与负载设备连接。中压电网可以采用三相三线制传输方式，即中压电网上包括三根相线，每根相线输出一个单相交流电。
其中，每个单相转换单元411的第一输入端与中压电网的一根相线连接，每个单相转换单元411的第二输入端和第二切换单元4113的第三端分别与一个单相转换单元连接，构成中性线N，实现三相交流电之间的平衡，从而接收单相交流电，并对接收的单相交流电进行转换处理。
实际使用时，每根相线与中性线N通过单相转换单元411构成一个电能传输路径，并传输单相交流电给单相转换单元411，单相转换单元411对接收的单相交流电进行转换处理。
实际应用时，每个功率转换单元41中的单相转换单元411连接的中性线相同，每个功率转换单元41连接的中性线不同，从而实现每个功率转换单元41独立工作。
结合图5所示，第一切换单元4111与中压电网的一根相线连接，第二切换单元4113的第二输入端和第三端与功率转换单元41中的其它单相转换单元411连接，构成中性线N，因此，当单相转换单元411中的某个单相转换单元411发生故障时，可以通过控制故障的单相转换单元411中的第一切换单元4111和第二切换单元4113断开，从而断开故障的单相转换单元411与中压电网与其它未发生故障的单相转换单元411的连接，实现故障源的隔离，保证未发生故障的单相转换单元411可以正常工作，功率转换单元41可以在单相转换单元411故障的情况下继续运行，提升了固态变压器40的故障容错运行能力以及转换效率。
实际应用中，固态变压器40可以与中压电网和负载设备固定连接，在另一种实现方式中，固态变压器40可以设置成灵活可拆卸的形式，例如固态变压器40上设有固定接口，中压电网可以通过固定接口实现与固态变压器40的连接，负载设备也可以通过该固定接口实现与固态变压器40的连接。在这种情况下，固态变压器40为独立于中压电网和负载设备的装置。
下面，对单相转换单元411中的第一切换单元4111、电压转换单元4112和第二切换单元4113进行详细介绍。
一、第一切换单元4111
第一切换单元4111的第一端为单相转换单元411的第一输入端，第一切换单元4111的第二端与电压转换单元4112的第一输入端连接，第一切换单元4111可以实现电压转换单元4112与固态变压器40的第一输入端连接。
其中，设置第一切换单元4111的作用为：当电压转换单元4112中的任一电压转换电路41121发生故障时，可以控制第一切换单元4111断开，从而断开电压转换单元4112与中压电网的连接，避免故障范围增大。
第一切换单元4111中可以包括第一开关。第一开关的第一电极为第一切换单元4111的第一端，与单相转换单元411的第一输入端连接。第一开关的第二电极为第一切换单元4111的第二端，与电压转换单元4112的第一输入端连接。
实际使用时，第一开关的控制电极与电压转换单元4112连接，当连接的电压转换单元 4112中的某个电压转换电路41121发生故障时，第一开关的控制电极将会接收到电压转换单元4112发送的驱动信号，并驱动第一开关断开，从而断开电压转换单元4112与相线的连接，抑制故障范围增大。
在一示例中，第一切换单元4111中还包括第一电阻，第一电阻与第一开关并联。当固态变压器40启动时，为了避免启动电流过大造成单相转换单元411中的器件损坏，在启动时刻，可以控制第一开关断开，第一电阻可以限制启动电流，当电流恢复正常，控制第一开关导通，此时第一开关将第一电阻旁路，从而避免第一电阻进行能量消耗。
为了便于理解，下面给出第一切换单元4111结构的具体示例。
参见图6所示，为本申请实施例提供的第一切换单元4111的结构示意图。在图6中，S1可以视为第一开关，R1可以视为第一电阻。
图6所示的第一切换单元4111中各器件的连接关系可以是：开关S1的第一电极分别和第一电阻R1的第一端均与单相转换单元411的第一输入端连接，开关S1的第二电极和第一电阻R1的第二电极均与电压转换单元4112的第一输入端连接。
采用图6所示的第一切换单元4111，当电压转换单元4112中的某个电压转换电路41121故障时，电压转换单元4112向S1的控制电极发送用于驱动S1断开的驱动信号，S1接收到上述驱动信号时，断开第一电极和第二电极之间的连接，此时故障的电压转换单元4112以小电流状态工作，从而避免短路等故障导致未发生故障的电压转换电路损坏，造成故障范围增大。
在一示例中，为了防止电压转换单元4112出现短路故障导致故障器件数量增多，功率转换单元41中还包括与第一切换单元4111的第一端连接的保护单元，该保护单元可以用于进行过载保护和短路保护。其中，保护单元可以是机械控制器件，例如断路器或者保险丝。保护单元也可以是电子控制器件，例如，带有控制器的电子开关管。
可选地，保护单元设置在单相转换单元411内部，参见图6所示，单相转换单元411包括保护单元4114，保护单元4114的一端与第一切换单元4111中第一开关的第一端连接，此时保护单元4114的另一端为单相转换单元411的第一输入端。
可选地，保护单元设置于功率转换单元41，且保护单元独立于单相转换单元411。其中，保护单元与单相转换单元411的第一输入端连接。
具体地，保护单元中包括多个保护子单元，多个保护子单元中的每个保护子单元与多个单相转换单元中的每个单相转换单元一一对应，每个保护子单元的一端连接一根相线，每个保护子单元的另一端与对应的单相转换单元的第一输入端连接，并对连接的单相转换单元进行过载保护和短路保护。
二、电压转换单元4112
电压转换单元4112的第一输入端与第一切换单元4111的第二端连接，电压转换单元4112的第二输入端与第二切换单元4113的第一端连接，电压转换单元4112的输出端与固态变压器40的输出端连接。
具体地，参见图5和图6所示，电压转换单元4112中包括多个电压转换电路41121，多个电压转换电路41121的输入端串联，多个电压转换电路41121的输出端并联。其中，串联的多个电压转换电路41121的第一个电压转换电路41121的高电位输入端，构成电压转换单元4112的第一输入端，串联的多个电压转换电路41121的最后一个电压转换电路41121的低电位输入端，构成电压转换单元4112的第二输入端。
参见图7所示，每个电压转换电路41121中可以包括第一功率变换电路(中压侧功率变换电路)、高频变压器和第二功率变换电路(低压侧功率变换电路)。第一功率变换电路和第二功率变换电路之间可以通过高频变压器进行耦合。其中，第一功率变换电路用于与中压电网进行连接，第二功率变换电路通过固态变压器40的输出端与负载设备进行连接。需要说明的是，中压和低压仅代表相对的两个概念，而并不是对电压大小的限定。即中压侧功率变换电路的电压大于低压侧功率变换电路的电压。
实际应用时，电压转换电路41121中的第一功率转换电路和第二功率转换电路可以由开关管、二极管、电感、电容等器件组成。第一功率转换电路和第二功率转换电路的工作状态可以通过调节这些器件(例如开关管)的工作状态来实现。
本申请中，可以通过控制器实现上述工作状态的调节。即，电压转换电路41121还可以包括控制器，该控制器可以用于控制第一功率转换电路和第二功率转换电路进行转换处理。
具体实现时，控制器可以是微控制单元(micro controller unit，MCU)、中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)、数字信号处理器(digital singnal processor，DSP)中的任一种。当然，控制器的具体形态不限于上述举例。
采用本申请实施提供的电压转换单元4112，电压转换单元4112分别与第一切换单元4111和第二切换单元4113连接，并控制第一切换单元4111和第二切换单元4113的状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，多个电压转换电路41121中的一个为目标电压转换电路，目标电压转换电路分别与第一切换单元4111和第二切换单元4113连接。
具体使用时，目标电压转换电路可以在任一电压转换电路发生故障时，控制连接的第一切换单元4111和第二切换单元4113断开；或者在其它单相转换单元411发生故障时，通过连接的第二切换单元4113断开与故障的单相转换单元411的连接。
实际上使用时，由于电压转换单元4112对于对连接的一根相线上传输的单相交流电进行电压转换，因此，电压转换单元4112中的目标电压转换电路与第一切换单元4111和第二切换单元4113之间可能存在电位差。为了实现目标电压转换电路可以控制第一切换单元4111和第二切换单元4113的状态，目标电压转换电路上可以连接电压转换器件，用于消除目标电压转换电路与第一切换单元4111和第二切换单元4113之间的电位差。
在另一示例中，电压转换单元4112中包括第一电压转换电路41121和第二电压转换电路41121，第一电压转换电路41121与第一切换单元4111连接，第二电压转换电路41121与第二切换单元4113连接。
具体实现时，第一电压转换电路41121可以在任一电压转换电路41121发生故障时，控制连接的第一切换单元4111断开。第二电压转换电路41121可以在任一电压转换电路41121发生故障时，控制连接的第二切换单元4113断开；或者在其它单相转换单元411发生故障时候，通过连接的第二切换单元4113断开与故障的单相转换单元的连接。
实际使用时，由于多个电压转换电路41121中第一个电压转换电路41121的电位与第一切换单元4111的电位相同，多个电压转换电路41121中最后一个电压转换电路41121的电位与第二切换单元4113的电位相同，为了降低控制难度，可以将第一个电压转换电路41121作为第一电压转换电路41121，将最后一个电压转换电路41121作为第二电压转换电路41121。
应理解，当控制第二切换单元4113断开时，故障的单相转换单元411与未发生故障的 单相转换单元411之间的连接断开，实现故障源的隔离，保证未发生故障的单相转换单元411可以正常工作。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电压转换单元4112中用于控制第一切换单元4111和第二切换单元4113状态的电压转换电路，可以检测所在电压转换单元4112中其它电压转换单元的故障状态以及其它单相转换单元的故障状态。
具体地，为了实现控制第一切换单元4111和第二切换单元4113状态的电压转换电路可以确定电压转换单元4112中多个电压转换电路41121的故障状态，多个电压转换电路41121之间连接第一传输通道，每个电压转换电路可以根据第一传输通道确定其它电压转换电路的故障状态。
实际使用时，每个电压转换电路的控制器之间有第一传输通道。
具体实现时，为了实现多个单相转换单元411之间的故障状态的确定，每个功率转换单元41中的多个单相转换单元之间连接第二传输通道，每个单相转换单元411可以根据第二传输通道确定其它单相转换单元的故障状态。
基于上述介绍，参见图8所示，目标电压转换电路的工作过程可以包括如下步骤：
其中，下文所涉及的步骤顺序也不代表实际的执行顺序，因此本申请不限定完全按照下文的步骤和顺序执行。
步骤801：判断单相转换单元中是否出现故障的电压转换电路，若是执行步骤802，否则返回执行步骤803。
步骤802：控制第一切换单元和第二切换单元断开，继续执行步骤803。
步骤803：判断连接的单相转换单元是否故障，若是执行步骤804，否则返回执行步骤801。
步骤804：控制第二切换单元断开与故障的单相转换单元的连接，返回执行步骤805。
在步骤805：单相转换单元正常运行。
三、第二切换单元4113
第二切换单元4113的第一端与电压转换单元的第二输入端连接，第二切换单元4113的第二端为单相转换单元411的第二输入端，第二切换单元4113的第三端与多个单相转换单元中的其它单相转换单元411连接。
具体实现时，第二切换单元4113的第二端与其它单相转换单元411中的一个单相转换单元连接，第二切换单元4113的第三端与其它单相转换单元411中另一个单相转换单元连接，从而实现单相转换单元之间的彼此连接。
第二切换单元4113包括第二开关和第三开关。第二开关的第一电极和第三开关的第一电极均与电压转换单元4112的第二输入端连接，第二开关的第二电极与单相转换单元411的第二输入端连接，第三开关的第二电极与其它单相转换单元411中的一个单相转换单元连接。其中，第二开关的第二电极通过单相转换单元411的第二输入端与一个单相转换单元411连接、且第二开关的第二电极和第三开关的第二电极连接的单相转换单元不同。
为了便于理解，下面给出第二切换单元4113结构的具体示例。
参见图9所示，为本申请实施例提供的第二切换单元4113的结构示意图。在图9中，S2可以视为第二开关，S3可以视为第三开关。
图9所示的第二切换单元4113中各器件的连接关系可以是：S2的第一电极与串联的多个电压转换电路中最后一个电压转换电路的低电位输入端连接，S2的第二电极与一个单 相转换单元411的第二切换单元连接。S3的第一电极与串联的多个电压转换电路中最后一个电压转换电路的低电位输入端连接，S3的第二电极与另一个单相转换单元411的第二切换单元连接。
以功率转换单元41中包含三个单相转换单元411为例，每个第一切换单元4111包括两个开关S2和S3，接收A相交流电的单相转换单元411中开关S2的第二电极与接收C相交流电的单相转换单元411中的开关S3的第二电极连接，接收A相交流电的单相转换单元411中开关S3的第二电极与接收B相交流电的单相转换单元411中的开关S2的第二电极连接，接收B相交流电的单相转换单元411中S3的第二电极与接收C相交流电的单相转换单元中的开关S2的第二电极连接，从而实现功率转换单元中所有单相转换单元之间的连接。
采用图9所示的第二切换单元4113，当电压转换单元4112中的某个电压转换电路故障时，向第二切换单元4113发送用于驱动开关S2和S3断开的驱动信号，第二切换单元4113中的开关S2和S3接收到上述驱动信号时，断开第一电极和第二电极之间的连接，从而断开故障的单相转换单元与未故障的单相转换单元之间的连接，实现故障源的隔离，保证未发生故障的单相转换单元可以正常工作。
采用图9所示的第二切换单元4113，当其它单相转换单元故障时，向与故障的单相转换单元连接的S2或S3发送用于驱动该开关断开的驱动信号，与故障的单相转换单元连接的开关S2或S3接收到该驱动信号，并断开故障的单相转换单元的连接，实现故障源的隔离，保证未发生故障的单相转换单元可以正常工作。
基于相同的发明构思，本申请实施例还提供了一种供电系统，该供电系统可以包括机柜和前述固态变压器40，该固态变压器40设置在机柜内。
固态变压器40分别与中压电网和负载设备连接，固态变压器40可以将中压电网上传输的电能进行转换处理，并将转换处理后的电能输出给负载设备。其中，中压电网可以充电桩或者中压电网。
其中，固态变压器40还包括导电外壳，导电外壳可以与机柜进行连接，或者导电外壳也可以直接接地，以满足固态变压器40的安规要求。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个 方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的保护范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种固态变压器，其特征在于，包括并联的多个功率转换单元；
    每个功率转换单元包括多个单相转换单元，每个单相转换单元包括第一切换单元、电压转换单元和第二切换单元；
    所述第一切换单元的第一端为所述单相转换单元的第一输入端，所述第一切换单元的第二端与所述电压转换单元的第一输入端连接；所述电压转换单元的第二输入端与所述第二切换单元的第一端连接，所述电压转换单元的输出端与所述固态变压器的输出端连接；第二切换单元的第二端为所述单相转换单元的第二输入端，所述第二切换单元的第三端与所述多个单相转换单元中的其它单相转换单元中的一个单相转换单元连接；
    电压转换单元包括串联的多个电压转换电路，所述电压转换单元用于在任一电压转换电路发生故障时，控制连接的第一切换单元和第二切换单元断开；或者在所述其它单相转换单元发生故障时，通过连接的第二切换单元断开与故障的单相转换单元的连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，所述电压转换电路包括：第一功率转换电路、高频变压器和第二功率转换电路；所述第一功率转换电路和所述第二功率转换电路通过所述高频变压器耦合。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，所述第一切换单元包括：第一开关；
    所述第一开关的第一电极构成所述第一切换单元的第一端，所述第一开关的第二电极构成所述第一切换单元的第二端，与所述电压转换单元的第一输入端连接。
  4. 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，所述第二切换单元包括：第二开关和第三开关；
    第二开关的第一电极和第三开关的第一电极均与所述电压转换单元的第二输入端连接；
    第二开关的第二电极为所述单相转换单元的第二输入端；
    第三开关的第二电极与所述其它单相转换单元中的一个单相转换单元连接；
    所述单相转换单元的第二输入端与所述其它单相转换单元中的一个单相转换单元连接、且第二开关的第二电极和第三开关的第二电极连接的单相转换单元不同。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，所述多个电压转换电路中的一个为目标电压转换电路，所述目标电压转换电路分别与所述第一切换单元和所述第二切换单元连接；
    所述目标电压转换电路具体用于：在任一电压转换电路发生故障时，控制连接的第一切换单元和所述第二切换单元断开；或者在所述其它单相转换单元发生故障时，通过连接的第二切换单元断开与故障的单相转换单元的连接。
  6. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，所述多个电压转换电路中包括第一电压转换电路和第二电压转换电路；
    所述第一电压转换电路与所述第一切换单元连接；
    所述第二电压转换电路与所述第二切换单元连接；
    所述第一电压转换电路用于：在任一电压转换电路发生故障时，控制连接的第一切换单元断开；
    所述第二电压转换电路用于：在任一电压转换电路发生故障时，控制连接的第二切换单元断开；或者在所述其它单相转换单元发生故障时候，通过连接的第二切换单元断开与故障的单相转换单元的连接。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，所述功率转换单元还包括与所述第一切换单元的第一端连接的保护单元。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，所述多个电压转换电路中的控制器之间有第一传输通道，每个电压转换电路根据所述第一传输通道确定所述其它电压转换电路的故障状态。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，所述多个单相转换单元之间有第二传输通道，每个单相转换单元根据所述第二传输通道确定所述其它单相转换单元的故障状态。
  10. 一种供电设备，其特征在于，包括机柜和如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的固态变压器，所述固态变压器设置在所述机柜内。
PCT/CN2023/079761 2022-03-30 2023-03-06 一种固态变压器和供电设备 WO2023185382A1 (zh)

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