WO2022021347A1 - 固态变压器与供电系统 - Google Patents

固态变压器与供电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022021347A1
WO2022021347A1 PCT/CN2020/106261 CN2020106261W WO2022021347A1 WO 2022021347 A1 WO2022021347 A1 WO 2022021347A1 CN 2020106261 W CN2020106261 W CN 2020106261W WO 2022021347 A1 WO2022021347 A1 WO 2022021347A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
phase
module
voltage
conversion
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Application number
PCT/CN2020/106261
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒋正东
帅鹏
黄朱勇
Original Assignee
华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为数字能源技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority to EP20947132.5A priority Critical patent/EP4181381A4/en
Priority to CN202080102322.0A priority patent/CN115804002A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/106261 priority patent/WO2022021347A1/zh
Publication of WO2022021347A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022021347A1/zh
Priority to US18/161,225 priority patent/US20230170814A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
    • H02M5/14—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers for conversion between circuits of different phase number
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0074—Plural converter units whose inputs are connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J5/00—Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of power supplies, in particular to a solid state transformer and a power supply system.
  • Solid state transformer is an efficient alternating current (AC) - direct current (DC) or direct current - alternating current conversion device in the field of power supply, which can realize high-frequency power conversion through switching technology and electromagnetic induction principle.
  • the solid-state transformer uses a power conversion module to convert AC power into DC power.
  • the switching element in the power conversion module is damaged and fails, the solid-state transformer needs to be powered off as a whole for maintenance. In this case, the continuity of the solid-state transformer power supply cannot be maintained.
  • the switching elements in the power conversion module also need to gradually develop towards high withstand voltage. Due to the high cost of the switching elements with high withstand voltage, the overall cost of the solid-state transformer is also high. .
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a solid-state transformer and a power supply system with better power supply continuity and lower cost.
  • a solid state transformer including an input end, a plurality of power units and an output end, the input end is used to input a first three-phase AC power supply; the plurality of power units The units are connected to the input end and the output end in parallel with each other, and each power unit is used for converting the first three-phase AC power supply into a first DC power supply and outputting from the output end.
  • the damaged power unit can be directly powered off for repair or replacement, while other power units that are not damaged and failed can still work normally. , that is, it can still ensure that the output end of the solid-state transformer can normally output the first DC power supply to the load multiple power units, even during the maintenance process, it can ensure that the load is uninterrupted and in a normal working state, which effectively improves the sustainability and stability of the load operation. sex.
  • the first three-phase AC power supply includes a three-phase AC power supply with a phase difference of 120°.
  • Each of the power units includes three power modules, wherein one of the power modules is electrically connected between the one-phase AC power supply and the output terminal, and the power modules are respectively used for receiving the AC power.
  • the power source is converted into the first DC power source.
  • the three power modules can accurately perform DC conversion for the three-phase AC power supply, ensuring high conversion efficiency.
  • the three-phase AC power supply with a phase difference of 120° is a first-phase AC power supply, a second-phase AC power supply, and a third-phase AC power supply.
  • Each power unit includes a first-phase power module, a second-phase power module, and a third-phase power module.
  • the first-phase power module is electrically connected between the first-phase AC power source and the output terminal, and the first-phase power module converts the first-phase AC power source into the first DC power source .
  • the second-phase power module is electrically connected between the second-phase AC power source and the output terminal, and the second-phase power module converts the second-phase AC power source into the first DC power source;
  • the three-phase power module is electrically connected between the third-phase AC power source and the output terminal, and the third-phase power module converts the third-phase AC power source into the first DC power source.
  • each power unit includes a control module, and the control module controls the first-phase power module, the second-phase power module and the second-phase power module according to the voltage and current in the first three-phase AC power
  • the working state of the phase power module and the third-phase power module is controlled to control the first DC power supply to be within a preset range.
  • the control module can control the working states of the multiple power modules according to the requirements of the load, so that the first DC power output from each power unit is within the required voltage and current range to ensure the correct driving operation of the load.
  • each of the power modules includes a conversion input terminal, N cascaded power conversion modules, and a conversion output terminal.
  • the conversion input terminal is used for receiving one of the phase AC power sources, and the conversion output terminal is electrically connected to the output terminal.
  • Each of the N cascaded power conversion modules includes a first AC input terminal, a second AC input terminal and two DC output terminals.
  • the first AC input terminal is electrically connected to the second AC input terminal of the i-1th power module; the second AC input terminal The first AC input terminal of the i+1th power module is electrically connected; the two DC output terminals are electrically connected to the conversion output terminal; wherein, the AC input terminal of the first-level power module is electrically connected to the For any one of the first three-phase AC power sources, the second AC input terminal of the N-th power module is electrically connected to the common voltage terminal; the first AC input terminal and the second AC input terminal are connected to each other.
  • the voltage difference between the two is used as the AC power input to the power conversion module, and the voltage difference between the first AC input terminal and the second AC input terminal in each power conversion module is within a preset range;
  • the power conversion module converts the voltage difference into the first DC voltage and outputs it from the conversion output terminal.
  • the N cascaded power conversion modules and the input terminals of the conversion output terminals are in series, and the output terminals are in parallel, which accurately and effectively ensures the grading conversion for higher AC voltages, and also ensures that the output DC voltage power is higher.
  • each of the power modules further includes the protection circuit, a pre-start circuit, a filter circuit and sampling circuit.
  • the protection circuit is used to transmit the AC power received by the conversion input terminal to the filter circuit, and disconnect the conversion input terminal when the AC power exceeds a threshold current; the pre-start circuit power
  • the protection circuit is electrically connected to the power conversion module to provide a starting voltage less than the rated working voltage of the power conversion module to the power conversion module before the power conversion module works;
  • the filter circuit is electrically connected to the power conversion module.
  • a pre-start circuit is used for filtering the AC power supply; the sampling circuit is electrically connected between the pre-start circuit and the N cascaded power conversion modules, and is used to collect the filtered The voltage and current in the AC power source are obtained and the sampled voltage and current are obtained.
  • the cooperation of the protection circuit, the pre-start circuit, the filter circuit and the sampling circuit ensures that the N cascaded power conversion modules can obtain the first DC voltage within the required range safely, accurately and efficiently.
  • control module is electrically connected to the sampling circuit in each power module and the N cascaded power conversion modules, and the control module obtains the sampling voltage and the adopted voltage current, and control the working state of the N cascaded power conversion modules according to the sampled voltage and the sampled current, so that the current and voltage of the first DC power supply are both within a preset threshold range.
  • each power module is disposed on a pluggable circuit substrate, or the three power modules are disposed on a pluggable circuit substrate. If the power conversion module in the power module is damaged and fails, it is only necessary to pull out the circuit board corresponding to the corresponding power module and replace a power module that can work normally. It is easy to install and disassemble, which greatly reduces the assembly workload. , which also makes the structure of the whole machine simple, easy to find fault points, and easy to repair. At the same time, each power module in the solid-state transformer is independent of each other, which can ensure simple wiring and improve the reliability and maintainability of the solid-state transformer.
  • the solid state transformer includes a system control module, the system control module includes at least one system control unit, and the system control unit is electrically connected to the plurality of power units for controlling the Operating status of multiple power units.
  • the first DC power source output by the multiple power units is within the required voltage and current range, even when adjusting and controlling the power of the first DC power source output by the solid-state transformer load , which better matches the power required by the load.
  • a power supply system including the aforementioned solid-state transformer and a medium-voltage AC conversion module.
  • the medium-voltage AC conversion module is used to convert the commercial high-voltage AC power supply into the first three-phase AC power supply, and the input end of the solid-state transformer is electrically connected to the medium-voltage AC conversion module and receives the first three-phase AC power supply.
  • a three-phase AC power supply, the output terminal is used for connecting a load and providing the first DC voltage to the load.
  • the solid-state transformer further includes an inverter converter electrically connected to the plurality of power units for receiving the first DC voltage and converting the first DC voltage
  • the voltage is converted into an inverter AC power source, and the inverter AC power source is output to the load.
  • the power supply system can ensure that even in the maintenance process, it can still provide the load with working power, ensure that the load is in a normal working state without interruption, and effectively improve the sustainability and stability of the load operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a power supply system in a first embodiment of the application
  • Fig. 2 is the functional block diagram of the solid state transformer shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of any one of the power units shown in Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a specific circuit structure of the power unit shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a specific circuit structure of N cascaded power conversion modules shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the power conversion module shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of a power supply system in a second embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of any power unit in the solid state transformer shown in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the power supply system in the first embodiment of the application.
  • the power supply system 100 includes a solid-state transformer 10 that is electrically connected and transmits electrical signals and a medium-voltage AC conversion module 11 , wherein the medium-voltage AC conversion module 11 is used to convert the commercial high-voltage AC power into The first three-phase AC power source, the solid-state transformer 10 receives the first three-phase AC power source from the medium-voltage AC conversion module 11, and converts the first three-phase AC power source into a first DC power source and provides it to the load to drive the load. Work.
  • the high-voltage alternating current power supply of the commercial power may be derived from the power grid, or may be derived from an autonomous generator.
  • the first three-phase AC power supply can be, for example, a 10KV three-phase AC power supply.
  • the first three-phase AC power source includes a three-phase AC power source with the same amplitude and frequency and a phase difference of 120°, and the three-phase AC power source with a phase difference of 120° is the first-phase AC power source A (A-phase AC power source),
  • the second-phase AC power supply B (B-phase AC power supply) and the third-phase AC power supply C (C-phase AC power supply).
  • the solid state transformer 10 includes an input end 101 and an output end 102, wherein the input end 101 is electrically connected to the medium voltage AC conversion module 11 for receiving the first three-phase AC power supply from the medium voltage AC conversion module 11,
  • the output terminal 102 is electrically connected to the load for outputting the first DC voltage to the load.
  • the first DC power supply may be a DC voltage of 200-400V.
  • the first DC power supply may be adjusted according to actual needs, which is not limited thereto.
  • the first DC power source may also be converted into an inverter AC power source through an additionally provided DC-AC inverter converter 17, so as to be used by the AC-driven circuit in the load.
  • the load may be IT equipment in the data center, such as displays, switches, routers, and the like.
  • FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the solid state transformer shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the solid state transformer 10 includes a plurality of power units U1 ⁇ UM (units) and a system control module 120 , and the plurality of power units (units) are connected in parallel between the input end 101 and the output end 102 .
  • each power unit Uj is used to convert the first three-phase AC power into the first DC power, and output from the output terminal 102 .
  • M is a positive integer greater than 1
  • j is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M.
  • the input terminal 101 includes a first-phase input terminal 101a, a second-phase phase input terminal 101b and a third-phase input terminal 101c.
  • the first-phase input terminal 101a corresponds to receiving a first-phase AC power supply.
  • Power supply A A-phase AC power supply
  • the second-phase input terminal 101b correspondingly receives the second-phase AC power supply B (B-phase AC power supply)
  • the third-phase input terminal 101c correspondingly receives the third-phase AC power supply C (C-phase AC power supply) .
  • Each power unit Uj is electrically connected to the first phase input terminal 101a, the second phase phase input terminal 101b and the third phase input terminal 101c to receive the first phase AC power supply A (A-phase AC power supply), the second phase AC power supply AC power supply B (B-phase AC power supply) and third-phase AC power supply C (C-phase AC power supply).
  • first phase AC power supply A A-phase AC power supply
  • second phase AC power supply AC power supply B B-phase AC power supply
  • third-phase AC power supply C C-phase AC power supply
  • the damaged power unit Uj can be directly powered off for repair or replacement, while the other power units U that are not damaged or failed are still It can work normally, that is, the output end 102 of the solid-state transformer 10 can still continuously and normally output the first DC power to the load, so that the power units U1 to UM can ensure that the load is in a normal working state even during the maintenance process, which effectively improves the The sustainability and stability of the load operation are ensured.
  • the system control module 120 has at least one system control unit 121 , and the system control unit 121 is electrically connected to a plurality of power units U1 -UM for controlling the working state of the power unit U.
  • the power supply system 100 includes a plurality of solid-state transformers 100 , they may be arranged in the system control units 121 with the same number of solid-state transformers 100 . working status.
  • controlling the working state of a solid-state transformer 100 includes: the system control unit 121 may adjust the output power of the DC power output in the working state of each power unit U according to the instructions input by the user or the specific operating conditions of the load, wherein , the working state of the power unit U may further include the response speed, the magnitude of the current and voltage in the first DC power supply, and the like.
  • the system control module 120 may be a single circuit substrate disposed on the backplane of the solid state transformer 100 cabinet, and may also include a display module for displaying the specific working conditions of each power unit, performing data transmission and connection Pluggable interface, auxiliary working power supply, etc.
  • FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of any one of the power units Uj shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the circuit structure of each power unit is the same, and the circuit structure of the power unit is described in detail by taking the power unit U1 as an example.
  • the power unit U1 includes three power modules and a control module 130.
  • the three power modules are specifically: a first-phase power module SA (A stack), a second-phase power module SB (B stack) And the third-phase power module SC (C stack).
  • one power module U is electrically connected between the one-phase AC power supply and the output terminal 102 , wherein each power module U is respectively used to convert the AC power supply electrically connected to it into a first DC power supply. Therefore, the three power modules cooperate to convert the first three-phase AC power into the first DC power with preset power.
  • the first-phase power module SA is electrically connected between the first-phase AC power supply A (A-phase AC power supply) and the output terminal 101 , and the first-phase power module SA connects the first-phase AC power supply A (A-phase AC power supply) to the output terminal 101 . ) into the first DC power source.
  • the second-phase power module SB is electrically connected between the second-phase AC power source B (B-phase AC power source) and the output terminal 101 , and the second-phase power module SB converts the second-phase AC power source B (B-phase AC power source) into The first DC power supply.
  • the third-phase power module SC is electrically connected between the third-phase AC power source C (C-phase AC power source) and the output terminal 101 , and the third-phase power module SC converts the third-phase AC power source C (C-phase AC power source) into The first DC power supply.
  • the circuit structures and working principles of the first-phase power module SA (A stack), the second-phase power module SB (B stack), and the third-phase power module SC (C stack) are the same.
  • the circuit structure of the power module is specifically described by taking any one-phase power module as an example.
  • the first-phase power module SA (A stack) is taken as an example to specifically describe the circuit structure of the three power modules. Specifically, the first-phase power module SA is connected to the input terminal 101 through the conversion input terminal Cin, and is connected to the output terminal 102 through the conversion output terminal Cout. The first-phase power module SA (A stack) receives the first-phase AC power (A-phase AC power) from the conversion input terminal Cin, and converts the first-phase AC power (A-phase AC power) into a first DC power source. The conversion output terminal Cout is transmitted to the output terminal 102 .
  • the first-phase power module SA further includes a protection circuit 12 , a pre-start circuit 13 , a filter circuit 14 , a sampling circuit 15 , and an inductor L connected in series between the conversion input terminal Cin and the conversion output terminal Cout and N cascaded power conversion modules 16 .
  • the protection circuit 12 is used to transmit the AC power received from the conversion input terminal Cin to the pre-start circuit 13, and disconnect the conversion input terminal Cin when the current in the AC power exceeds the threshold current to prevent overvoltage or overcurrent AC power.
  • the protection circuit 12 is a fuse.
  • the pre-start circuit 13 is electrically connected to the protection circuit 12 for providing a startup voltage lower than the rated working voltage of the power conversion modules to the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 before the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 work.
  • the pre-start circuit 13 is also a soft-start circuit.
  • a start-up voltage less than its rated voltage is provided to the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 in advance, preventing the The AC voltage with a large voltage value is loaded to the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 in a short time, so that the electronic components in the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 cannot withstand the impact of the voltage and are damaged, that is, N levels
  • the cascaded power conversion modules 16 provide a buffer voltage in advance to reduce the sudden voltage of the electronic components in the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 with a large voltage difference in a short period of time.
  • the AC power in the first-phase AC power supply A is supplied to the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 to complete the soft start of the first-phase power module SA.
  • the pre-start circuit 13 uses a switch (not shown) and a resistor (not shown) connected in parallel between the protection circuit 12 and the filter circuit 14 to realize soft start.
  • the switches are in an off state (off), and the voltage and current in the first-phase AC power supply A are limited by the resistors, divided by the resistors, and then supplied to the subsequent filter circuit 14 for sampling and sampling.
  • the circuit 15 , the inductor L and the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 provide a starting voltage lower than the rated working voltage of the power conversion module to the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 after current limiting and voltage division through the resistors.
  • the switches are in the closed state (on), the resistors are short-circuited by the switches, and the voltage and current in the first-phase AC power supply A are directly supplied to the subsequent filter circuits 14 and sampling circuits 15 , the inductance L, and the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 to ensure the normal operation of the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 .
  • the filter circuit 14 is electrically connected to the pre-start circuit 13 for filtering the AC power supply.
  • the filter circuit 14 mainly loads the preset harmonics into the AC power supply, so as to filter out the voltage and current components of the non-operating frequency band in the voltage and current in the AC power supply, so as to ensure that the AC power supply performs voltage conversion when the AC power supply performs voltage conversion. of work efficiency and accuracy.
  • the sampling circuit 15 is electrically connected between the filtering circuit 14 and the N cascaded power conversion modules 16, and is used for collecting the voltage and current in the filtered AC power supply and obtaining the sampling voltage and the adopted voltage.
  • the sampling circuit 15 may use a Hall element to realize the detection and collection of current and voltage.
  • the inductance L is electrically connected between the filter circuit 14 and the N cascaded power conversion modules 16.
  • the inductance L stores and releases electric energy and cooperates with the switching elements in the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 to realize AC voltage-DC voltage conversion.
  • the control module 130 is electrically connected to the sampling circuit 15 in each power module and the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 .
  • the working state of the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 is such that both the current and the voltage of the first DC power supply are within a preset preset range.
  • the preset range may be a rated fluctuation range set according to the current and voltage of the first DC power supply required by the current load.
  • control module 130 and the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 may use optical fibers for data communication.
  • each power conversion module (as shown in FIG. 4 ) in the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 includes a controller for controlling it to perform voltage conversion. Therefore, the control module 130 converts the The control signal is transmitted to the controller in each power conversion module, so that the controller controls the voltage conversion of the power conversion module according to the control signal, so that the control module 130 can control the working state of each power module.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a specific circuit structure of the N cascaded power conversion modules 16 shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the N cascaded power conversion modules (cells) 16 include N cascaded power conversion modules 161.
  • the N power conversion modules 161 are connected to the AC input are connected in series on the DC output side and in parallel on the DC output side.
  • each power conversion module 161 includes a first AC input end 16a, a second AC input end 16b and two DC output ends 16c.
  • first AC input terminal 16a is electrically connected to the second AC input terminal 16b of the i-1th power module
  • the second AC input terminal 16b It is electrically connected to the first AC input end 16a of the i+1-th power module.
  • the two DC output terminals 16c are electrically connected to the conversion output terminal Cout.
  • the AC input terminal 16a of the first-stage power module 161 is electrically connected to the conversion input terminal Cin to receive the first-phase AC power supply A in the first three-phase AC power supply, and the second AC input terminal of the N-th stage power module 16b is electrically connected to the common voltage terminal (Cref).
  • the second AC input end 16b of the Nth power module in the first-phase power module SA (A stack), the second-phase power module SB (B stack), and the third-phase power module SC (C stack) are all It is electrically connected to the common voltage terminal (Cref), that is, the second AC input terminals 16b of the N-th power module among the three power modules are connected to each other and electrically connected to the same common voltage terminal Cref.
  • the voltage difference between the first AC input terminal 16a and the second AC input terminal 16b is used as the AC power source of the input power conversion module 161, and each The voltage difference between the first AC input terminal 16a and the second AC input terminal 16b in a power conversion module 161 is within a preset range, and the power conversion module 161 converts the voltage difference as an AC power source into a first DC voltage and Self-converting output terminal Cout output.
  • the voltage difference between the first AC input terminal 16a and the second AC input terminal 16b in each power conversion module 161 is basically the same, and the preset range is a voltage fluctuation set according to actual needs
  • the floating range may correspond to the rated voltage fluctuation range of the first DC voltage output by the solid-state transformer 10 , for example, the floating range is 0V-5V.
  • the voltage of the first-phase AC power source A is 10KV
  • the first-phase power module SA includes 10 cascaded power conversion modules 161 , that is, N is 10. Since the circuit structure of each power conversion module 161 is the same, in the 10 cascaded power conversion modules 161, the voltage difference between each of the first AC input end 16a and the second AC input end 16b is (10KV-V L )/10KV, where VL is the voltage divided by the inductor L.
  • the output power of the solid-state transformer 10 is the sum of the output power of each power unit of the power units U1-UM.
  • the output power of the solid-state transformer 10 is 20KW, then, each power unit U The output power is 20KW/N. It can be seen that the output power required by each power unit U can be effectively reduced.
  • the switching elements of the power conversion module 161 in the power unit U do not need to use high-voltage and expensive semiconductor silicon (Si) components, which effectively reduces the The cost of the solid-state transformer 10 is reduced.
  • the voltage (dv/dt) and current (di/dt) output of the power unit U are less stressed, which is beneficial to the insulation design of the solid-state transformer 10.
  • each power unit U outputs power It is relatively small, so that the system loss is small, and it is also beneficial to the design of the cooling system and reduces the cooling cost.
  • the damaged power unit Uj can be directly powered off for repair or replacement, while the other power units U that have not been damaged and failed can still work normally, that is, the solid-state transformer 10 can still be guaranteed.
  • the output terminal 102 of the power supply unit can still output the first DC power to the load normally, so that the power units U1 to UM can ensure that the load is not powered on even during the maintenance process, which effectively improves the sustainability and stability of the load operation.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the power conversion module shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the power conversion module 161 includes a low-voltage module 1611 , a high-frequency isolation transformer 1612 and a high-voltage module 1613 that are electrically connected in sequence, wherein the high-voltage module 1613 corresponds to an AC power supply, and the high-frequency isolation transformer 1612 cooperates with the high-voltage module 1613 Voltage conversion is performed for the shown AC power supply, and then the first DC voltage is output through the low-voltage module 1611 .
  • the high voltage conversion input terminal (not shown) of the high voltage module 1613 is electrically connected to the first AC input terminal 16a and the second AC input terminal 16b, and the high voltage conversion output terminal (not shown) of the high voltage module 1613 is connected to the high voltage isolation transformer 1612. Transformer input (not marked).
  • the transformation output end (not shown) of the high frequency isolation transformer 1612 is electrically connected to the low voltage conversion input end (not shown) of the low voltage module 1611 .
  • the low voltage conversion input terminal (not shown) of the low voltage module 1611 is connected to the transformation output terminal (not shown) of the high frequency isolation transformer 1612, and the low voltage conversion output terminal (not shown) of the low voltage module 1611 is connected to the two DC output terminals 16c.
  • the low-voltage module 1611 and the high-voltage module 1613 are both fabricated with low-voltage switching devices, wherein the withstand voltage of the low-voltage module 1611 and the high-voltage module 1613 is greater than 3.3KV.
  • each of the three power modules SA to SC is individually arranged on a pluggable circuit substrate. If a power conversion module 161 is damaged and fails, it is only necessary to pull out the circuit board corresponding to the corresponding power module and replace a power module that can work normally, which is easy to install and disassemble, greatly reduces the assembly workload, and also makes The structure of the whole machine is simple, easy to find fault points and easy to repair. At the same time, each power module in the solid-state transformer 10 is independent of each other, which can ensure that the wiring is simple, and accordingly improves the reliability and maintainability of the solid-state transformer.
  • the three power modules SA to SC can also be simultaneously disposed on a pluggable circuit substrate, which can further facilitate the installation and removal of the power unit, greatly reduce the assembly workload, and make the solid state
  • the overall structure of the transformer 10 is relatively simple and the cost is relatively low.
  • FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the power supply system in the second embodiment of the application.
  • the circuit structure of the power supply system 200 is basically the same as that of the power supply system 100 shown in FIG. 1 , the difference is that the solid-state transformer 20 converts the first DC power supply through the provided DC-AC inverter converter ( FIG. 8 ) into Inverting the AC power supply for the AC drive circuit in the load.
  • FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of any power unit Uj in the solid state transformer shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the power unit Uj in the solid state transformer 20 shown in FIG. 8 is the same as that shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the circuit structure and working principle of the shown power unit U1 are basically the same, except that the solid state transformer 20 further includes an inverter transfer device 17 .
  • the inverter converter 17 is electrically connected to the conversion output terminal Cout of the first phase power module SA, the second power module SB and the third power module SC, and the inverter converter 17 passes the first DC voltage received from the conversion output terminal Cout through the The inverter of DC-AC is converted into an inverter AC power supply, and the inverter AC power supply is output to the load for use by the AC drive circuit in the load.

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Abstract

一种在检修时保持输出的电压持续性较佳的固态变压器（10），固态变压器包括输入端（101）、多个功率单元（U1~UM）以及输出端（102）。输入端用于输入第一三相交流电源。多个功率单元相互并联于输入端与输出端，每一个功率单元用于将第一三相交流电源转换为第一直流电源并自输出端输出。还包括一种包括前述固态变压器的供电系统（100）。

Description

固态变压器与供电系统
技术领域是的
本申请涉及电源领域，特别是涉及一种固态变压器与供电系统。
背景技术
固态变压器(Solid state transformer，SST)作为电源供应领域中高效的交流(AC)-直流(DC)或者直流-交流转换设备，能够通过开关切换技术和电磁感应原理实现高频电能变换。目前固态变压器同城采用一个功率转换模组将交流电源转换为直流电源，此时，若功率转换模组中的开关元件出现损坏而失效时，则需要固态变压器整体下电进行维护，那么在维护过程中则无法维持固态变压器供电的持续性。并且为了满足固态变压器输出功率逐渐增大的需求，导致功率转换模组中开关元件也需要逐渐向高耐压方向发展，由于高耐压的开关元件成本较高，导致固态变压器整体成本也较高。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种供电持续性较佳且成本较低的固态变压器与供电系统。
第一方面，在本申请一种实现方式中，提供一种固态变压器，包括输入端、多个功率单元以及输出端，所述输入端用于输入第一三相交流电源；所述多个功率单元相互并联于所述输入端与所述输出端，每一个功率单元用于将所述第一三相交流电源转换为第一直流电源，并自所述输出端输出。
由于多个功率单元之间相互之间并联，若其中任意一个功率单元损坏需要维修时，直接针对损坏的功率单元断电维修或者更换即可，而其他未出现损坏失效的功率单元仍然能够正常工作，即仍然能够保证固态变压器的输出端正常输出第一直流电源至负载多个功率单元即使在维护过程中能够保证负载不断电而处于正常工作状态，有效提高了负载运行的可持续性与稳定性。
在一种实施例中，所述第一三相交流电源包括相位差为120°的三相交流电源。每一个所述功率单元包括三个功率模块，其中，一个所述功率模块电性连接于一相所述交流电源与所述输出端之间，所述功率模块分别用于将接收的所述交流电源转换为所述第一直流电源。通过三个功率模块能够准确地针对三相交流电源进行直流转换，保证转换效率较高。
具体地，所述相位差为120°的三相交流电源为第一相交流电源、第二相交流电源与第三相交流电源。每一个功率单元包括第一相功率模块、第二相功率模块、第三相功率模块。其中，第一相功率模块电性连接于所述第一相交流电源与所述输出端之间，所述第一相功率模块将所述第一相交流电源转换为所述第一直流电源。第二相功率模块电性连接于所述第二相交流电源与所述输出端之间，所述第二相功率模块将所述第二相交流电源转换为所述第一直流电源；第三相功率模块电性连接于所述第三相交流电源与所述输出端之间，所述第三相功率模块将所述第三相交流电源转换为所述第一直流电源。
在一种实施例中，每一个功率单元包括一个控制模组，所述控制模组依据所述第一三相交流电源中的电压与电流，控制所述第一相功率模块、所述第二相功率模块以及所述第 三相功率模块的工作状态，以控制所述第一直流电源位于预先设置的范围内。控制模组能够依据负载的需求控制多个功率模组的工作状态，从而使得每个功率单元输出的第一直流电源位于需求的电压与电流范围内，保证负载的正确驱动运行。
在一种实施例中，每一个所述功率模块包括转换输入端、N个级联的功率转换模组以及转换输出端。所述转换输入端用于接收其中一相交流电源，所述及转换输出端电性连接所述输出端。所述N个级联的功率转换模组中每一个所述功率转换模组包括第一交流输入端、第二交流输入端与两个直流输出端。对于第i级功率模组而言，其中，1≤i≤N，所述第一交流输入端电性连接第i-1级功率模组的第二交流输入端；所述第二交流输入端电性连接第i+1级功率模组的第一交流输入端；所述两个直流输出端电性连接所述转换输出端；其中，第一级功率模组的交流输入端电性连接所述第一三相交流电源中任意一项交流电源，第N级功率模组的第二交流输入端电性连接于公共电压端；所述第一交流输入端与所述第二交流输入端之间的电压差作为输入所述功率转换模组的交流电源，且每一个功率转换模组中所述第一交流输入端与所述第二交流输入端之间的电压差位于预设范围内；所述功率转换模组将所述电压差转换为所述第一直流电压并自所述转换输出端输出。N个级联的功率转换模组以及转换输出端的输入端呈串联形式，输出端呈并联形式，准确有效保证了针对较高的交流电压的分级转换，同时还保证输出的直流电压功率较高。
在一种实施例中，每一个所述功率模块还包括依次串联于所述转换输入端与所述N个级联的功率转换模组之间的所述保护电路、预启动电路、滤波电路以及采样电路。其中，所述保护电路用于传输所述转换输入端接收的所述交流电源至所述滤波电路，并在所述交流电源超过阈值电流时断开所述转换输入端；所述预启动电路电性连接所述保护本电路，用于提供在所述功率转换模组工作之前，提供小于功率转换模组额定工作电压的启动电压至所述功率转换模组；所述滤波电路电性连接所述预启动电路，用于针对所述交流电源进行滤波处理；所述采样电路电性连接所述预启动电路与所述N个级联的功率转换模组之间，用于采集经过滤波处理后的所述交流电源中的电压与电流并获得采样电压与采用电流。保护电路、预启动电路、滤波电路以及采样电路的配合，保证N个级联的功率转换模组能够安全、准确、高效的获得需求范围的第一直流电压。
在一种实施例中，所述控制模组电性连接每一个功率模块中的采样电路和所述N个级联的功率转换模组，所述控制模组获取所述采样电压与所述采用电流，并依据所述采样电压与所述采样电流控制所述N个级联的功率转换模组的工作状态，以使得第一直流电源的电流与电压均处于预设的阈值范围内。
在一种实施例中，每一个功率模块设置于一个可插拔的电路基板，或者，所述三个功率模块设置于一个可插拔的电路基板。若功率模块中的功率转换模组损坏失效，则仅需要将对应的功率模块对应的电路基板拔出并更换一片能够正常工作的功率模块即可，易于安装和拆卸，极大地减少了装配工作量，也使得整机结构简单，易于寻找故障点、易于检修。同时，固态变压器中各个功率模块相互独立，则能够保证其走线简单，提高了固态变压器的可靠性和可维护性。
在一种实施例中，所述固态变压器包括系统控制模组，所述系统控制模组包括至少一个系统控制单元，所述系统控制单元电性连接所述多个功率单元，用于控制所述多个功率 单元的工作状态。通过同时控制多个功率单元的工作状态，从而使得多个功率单元输出的第一直流电源位于需求的电压与电流范围内，即便于调整与控制固态变压器负载输出的第一直流电源的功率，与负载需求的电源更加匹配。
第二方面，在本申请一种实现方式中，提供一种供电系统，包括前述固态变压器与中压交流转换模组。所述中压交流转换模组用于将市电高压交流电源转换为所述第一三相交流电源，所述固态变压器的所述输入端电性连接中压交流转换模并接收所述第一三相交流电源，所述输出端用于连接负载并提供所述第一直流电压至所述负载。
在一种实施例中，所述固态变压器还包括逆变转移器，所述逆变转换器电性连接所述多个功率单元，用于接收所述第一直流电压并且将所述第一直流电压转换为逆变交流电源，所述逆变交流电源输出至所述负载。所述供电系统能够保证即使本身在维护过程中仍然持续为负载提供工作用的电源，保证负载不断电而处于正常工作状态，有效提高了负载运行的可持续性与稳定性。
附图说明
图1为本申请第一实施例中供电系统的功能方框图；
图2为图1所示固态变压器的功能方框图；
图3为图2所示任意一个功率单元的功能方框图；
图4为图3所示功率单元的具体电路结构示意图；
图5为图3所示N个级联的功率转换模组的具体电路结构示意图；
图6为图5所示功率转换模组的电路结构示意图；
图7为本申请第二实施例中供电系统的功能方框图；
图8为图7所示固态变压器中任意一个功率单元的功能方框图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明的实施例进行描述。
请参阅图1，其为本申请第一实施例中供电系统的功能方框图。
如图1所示，供电系统100包括电性连接并进行电信号传输的固态变压器10与中压交流转换模组11，其中，中压交流转换模组11用于将市电高压交流电源转换为第一三相交流电源，固态变压器10自中压交流转换模组11接收该第一三相交流电源，并且将第一三相交流电源转换为第一直流电源并提供给负载，以驱动负载工作。
本实施例中，市电高压交流电源可以来源于电网，或者来源于自主发电机。第一三相交流电源例如可以10KV的三相交流电源。其中，第一三相交流电源包括振幅与频率相同，相位差为120°的三相交流电源，该相位差为120°的三相交流电源为第一相交流电源A(A相交流电源)、第二相交流电源B(B相交流电源)与第三相交流电源C(C相交流电源)。
具体地，固态变压器10包括输入端101与输出端102，其中，输入端101电性连接中压交流转换模组11，用于自中压交流转换模组11接收该第一三相交流电源，输出端102电性连接负载，用于输出第一直流电压至负载。本实施例中，第一直流电源可以为200-400V的直流电压，当然，第一直流电源可以依据实际需求进行调整，并不以此为限。
在本申请其他实施例中，第一直流电源还可以通过另外设置的DC-AC逆变转换器17转换为逆变交流电源，以供负载中的交流驱动的电路使用。
本实施例中，负载可以为数据中心的IT的设备，例如显示器、交换机、路由器等。
请参阅图2，其为图1所示固态变压器的功能方框图。
如图2所示，固态变压器10包括多个功率单元U1～UM(unit)与系统控制模组120，该多个功率单元(unit)相互并联于输入端101与输出端102之间。其中，每一个功率单元Uj用于将第一三相交流电源转换为第一直流电源，并自输出端102输出。M为大于1的正整数，j为大于等于1且小于等于M的正整数。
对应于三相交流电源，输入端101包括第一相输入端101a、第二相相输入端101b和第三相输入端101c，本实施例中，第一相输入端101a对应接收第一相交流电源A(A相交流电源)，第二相输入端101b对应接收第二相交流电源B(B相交流电源)，第三相输入端101c对应接收第三相交流电源C(C相交流电源)。
每一个功率单元Uj均电性连接于第一相输入端101a、第二相相输入端101b和第三相输入端101c，以接收第一相交流电源A(A相交流电源)、第二相交流电源B(B相交流电源)与第三相交流电源C(C相交流电源)。
由于功率单元U1～UM相互之间并联，那么，其中任意一个功率单元Uj损坏需要维修时，直接针对损坏的功率单元Uj断电维修或者更换即可，而其他未出现损坏失效的功率单元U仍然能够正常工作，即固态变压器10的输出端102仍然能够持续、正常输出第一直流电源至负载，使得功率单元U1～UM即使在维护过程中能够保证负载不断电而处于正常工作状态，有效提高了负载运行的可持续性与稳定性。
系统控制模组120至少一个系统控制单元121，系统控制单元121电性连接多个功率单元U1～UM，用于控制功率单元U的工作状态。本实施例中，当供电系统100包括多个固态变压器100时，可以设置于固态变压器100数量相同的系统控制单元121，按照一一对应的方式，一个系统控制单元121对应控制一个固态变压器100的工作状态。
本实施例中，控制一个固态变压器100的工作状态包括：系统控制单元121可以依据用户输入的指令或者负载具体运行情况，来调整每个功率单元U工作状态中输出的直流电源的输出功率，其中，功率单元U工作状态还可以包括响应速度、第一直流电源中电流与电压的大小等。
在本申请实施例中，系统控制模组120可以为设置于固态变压器100机柜中背板上单独一个电路基板，并且还可以包括显示各功率单元具体工作情况的显示模组、执行数据传输与连接的可插拔接口、辅助工作电源等。
具体地，请参阅图3，其为图2所示任意一个功率单元Uj的功能方框图。本实施例中，每一个功率单元的电路结构相同，以功率单元U1为例具体说明功率单元的电路结构。
如图3所示，功率单元U1包括三个功率模块与控制模组130，所述三个功率模块具体为：第一相功率模块SA(A stack)、第二相功率模块SB(B stack)以及第三相功率模块SC(C stack)。
按照一一对应的方式，一个功率模块U电性连接于一相交流电源与输出端102之间，其中，每一个功率模块U分别用于将与之电性连接的交流电源转换为第一直流电源，由此，三个功率模块分别配合将第一三相交流电源转换为具有预设功率的第一直流电源。
具体地，第一相功率模块SA电性连接于第一相交流电源A(A相交流电源)与输出端101之间，第一相功率模块SA将第一相交流电源A(A相交流电源)转换为第一直流电源。
第二相功率模块SB电性连接于第二相交流电源B(B相交流电源)与输出端101之间，第二相功率模块SB将第二相交流电源B(B相交流电源)转换为第一直流电源。
第三相功率模块SC电性连接于第三相交流电源C(C相交流电源)与输出端101之间，第三相功率模块SC将第三相交流电源C(C相交流电源)转换为第一直流电源。
本实施例中，第一相功率模块SA(A stack)、第二相功率模块SB(B stack)、第三相功率模块SC(C stack)的电路结构与工作原理均相同，为便于说明，以其中任意一相功率模块为例来具体说明功率模块的电路结构。
在功率单元U1中，以第一相功率模块SA(A stack)为例具体说明三个功率模块的电路结构。具体地，第一相功率模块SA通过转换输入端Cin连接输入端101，通过转换输出端Cout连接输出端102。第一相功率模块SA(A stack)自转换输入端Cin接收所述第一相交流电源(A相交流电源)，并将第一相交流电源(A相交流电源)转换为第一直流电源自转换输出端Cout传输至输出端102。
进一步，请参阅图4，其为如图3所示功率单元U1的具体电路结构示意图。如图4所示，在第一相功率模块SA中，还包括串联于转换输入端Cin与转换输出端Cout之间的保护电路12、预启动电路13、滤波电路14、采样电路15、电感L以及N个级联的功率转换模块16。
其中，保护电路12用于传输自转换输入端Cin接收的交流电源至预启动电路13，并在交流电源中的电流超过阈值电流时断开转换输入端Cin，以防止过压或者过流的交流电源涌入到预启动电路13、滤波电路14、采样电路15、电感L以及N个级联的功率转换模块16中，导致前述电路中的电子元器件损坏失效。本实施例中，保护电路12为保险丝。
预启动电路13电性连接保护电路12，用于提供在N个级联的功率转换模块16工作之前，提供小于功率转换模组额定工作电压的启动电压至N个级联的功率转换模块16。本实施例中，预启动电路13也为软启动电路，在N个级联的功率转换模块16工作之前，预先提供一个小于其额定电压的启动电压至N个级联的功率转换模块16，防止电压值较大的交流电压在短时间内加载至N个级联的功率转换模块16，导致N个级联的功率转换模块16中的电子元件无法承受电压的冲击而损坏，即为N个级联的功率转换模块16预先提供一个缓冲电压，降低N个级联的功率转换模块16中电子元件在短时间内承受电压差较大的突变电压。
预启动电路13启动预设时长后，再提供第一相交流电源A中的交流电源至N个级联的功率转换模块16，完成第一相功率模块SA的软启动。
本实施例中，预启动电路13采用并联于护电路12与滤波电路14之间的开关(未标示) 与电阻(未标示)来实现软启动。当N个级联的功率转换模块16工作之前，开关处于断开状态(off)，第一相交流电源A中的电压与电流通过电阻限流、分压后提供至后续的滤波电路14、采样电路15、电感L以及N个级联的功率转换模块16，即通过电阻限流与分压后提供小于功率转换模组额定工作电压的启动电压至N个级联的功率转换模块16。当N个级联的功率转换模块16正式启动后，开关处于闭合状态(on)，电阻被开关短路，第一相交流电源A中的电压与电流直接提供至后续的滤波电路14、采样电路15、电感L以及N个级联的功率转换模块16，保证N个级联的功率转换模块16正常工作。
滤波电路14电性连接预启动电路13，用于针对交流电源进行滤波处理。本实施例中，滤波电路14主要为加载预设谐波至交流电源中，以针对交流电源中的电压与电流中的非工作频段的电压、电流分量滤除，以保证交流电源执行电压转换时的工作效率与准确度。
采样电路15电性连接滤波电路14与N个级联的功率转换模组16之间，用于采集经过滤波处理后的交流电源中的电压与电流并获得采样电压与采用电压。本实施例中，采样电路15可以采用霍尔元件来实现电流与电压的检测采集。
电感L电性连接于滤波电路14与N个级联的功率转换模块16之间，电感L通过存储电能与释放电能，配合N个级联的功率转换模块16内的开关元件实现交流电压-直流电压的转换。
控制模组130电性连接每一个功率模块中的采样电路15和所述N个级联的功率转换模组16，控制模组130获取采样电压与采用电流，并依据采样电流与采样电压控制所述N个级联的功率转换模组16的工作状态，以使得第一直流电源的电流与电压均处于预设的预先设置的范围内。本实施例中，预先设置的范围可以为依据当前负载所需的第一直流电源的电流与电压设置的额定波动范围。
本实施例中，控制模组130和所述N个级联的功率转换模组16可以采用光纤进行数据通信。另外，需要说明的是，N个级联的功率转换模组16中的每个功率转换模组(如图4)中包含有控制其执行电压转换的控制器，由此，控制模组130将控制信号传输至每个功率转换模组中控制器，使得控制器依据控制信号控制功率转换模组的电压转换，从而实现控制模组130针对每个功率模块工作状态的控制。
请一并参阅图3与图5，其中，图5为图3所示N个级联的功率转换模组16的具体电路结构示意图。
如图3与图5所示，N个级联的功率转换模组(cell)16包括N个依次级联的功率转换模组161，本实施例中，N个功率转换模组161在交流输入侧串联，而在直流输出侧并联。
具体地，每一个功率转换模组161包括第一交流输入端16a、第二交流输入端16b与两个直流输出端16c。对于第i级功率模组161而言，其中，1≤i≤N，第一交流输入端16a电性连接第i-1级功率模组的第二交流输入端16b，第二交流输入端16b电性连接第i+1级功率模组的第一交流输入端16a。两个直流输出端16c电性连接转换输出端Cout。
其中，第一级功率模组161的交流输入端16a电性连接转换输入端Cin，以接收第一三相交流电源中第一相交流电源A，第N级功率模组的第二交流输入端16b电性连接于公共 电压端(Cref)。
可以理解，第一相功率模块SA(A stack)、第二相功率模块SB(B stack)以及第三相功率模块SC(C stack)中第N级功率模组的第二交流输入端16b均电性连接于公共电压端(Cref)，即三个功率模块中第N级功率模组的第二交流输入端16b相互连接电性连接于同一个公共电压端Cref。
本实施例中，N个依次级联每一个功率转换模组161中，第一交流输入端16a与第二交流输入端16b之间的电压差作为输入功率转换模组161的交流电源，且每一个功率转换模组161中第一交流输入端16a与第二交流输入端16b之间的电压差位于预设范围内，功率转换模组161将该电压差作为交流电源转换为第一直流电压并自转换输出端Cout输出。本实施例中，每一个功率转换模组161中第一交流输入端16a与第二交流输入端16b之间的电压差基本相同，所述预设范围为用于依据实际需求设定的电压浮动范围，该浮动范围可以对应为固态变压器10输出的第一直流电压的额定电压波动范围，例如该浮动范围为0V～5V。
举例来说，第一相交流电源A的电压为10KV，第一相功率模块SA包括10个级联的功率转换模块161，即N为10。由于每个功率转换模块161中电路结构相同，那么10个级联的功率转换模块161中，每一个第一交流输入端16a与第二交流输入端16b之间的电压差均为(10KV-V L)/10KV，其中V L为电感L分取的电压。
由于功率单元U1～UM相互之间并联，固态变压器10的输出功率则为功率单元U1～UM每个功率单元输出功率之和，例如固态变压器10的输出功率为20KW，那么，每个功率单元U的输出功率则为20KW/N。可见，每个功率单元U所需要输出的功率能够有效降低，此时，功率单元U中功率转换模组161的开关元件就无需采用高耐压、价格昂贵的半导体硅(Si)元件，有效降低了固态变压器10的成本，另外，功率单元U输出的电压(dv/dt)及电流(di/dt)应力较小，有益于固态变压器10的绝缘设计，同时，由于每个功率单元U输出功率相对较小，使得其系统损耗较小，并且也有益于散热系统设计，降低散热成本。
那么，其中任意一个功率单元Uj损坏需要维修时，直接针对损坏的功率单元Uj断电维修或者更换即可，而其他未出现损坏失效的功率单元U仍然能够正常工作，即仍然能够保证固态变压器10的输出端102仍然能够正常输出第一直流电源至负载，使得功率单元U1～UM即使在维护过程中能够保证负载不断电，有效提高了负载运行的可持续性与稳定性。
请参阅图6，图6为如图5所示功率转换模组的电路结构示意图。
如图6所示，功率转换模组161包括依次电性连接的低压模块1611、高频隔离变压器1612以及高压模块1613，其中，高压模块1613对应连接交流电源，高频隔离变压器1612配合高压模块1613对于所示交流电源进行电压转换，然后通过低压模块1611输出第一直流电压。
具体地，高压模块1613的高压转换输入端(未标示)电性连接第一交流输入端16a与第二交流输入端16b，高压模块1613的高压转换输出端(未标示)连接高压隔离变压器1612的变压输入端(未标示)。
高频隔离变压器1612的变压输出端(未标示)电性连接低压模块1611的低压转换输入端(未标示)。本实施例中，高压隔离变压器1612的工作频率远高于(>＝10倍)电网频率。
低压模块1611的低压转换输入端(未标示)连接高频隔离变压器1612的变压输出端(未标示)，低压模块1611的低压转换输出端(未标示)连接两个直流输出端16c。
本实施例中，低压模块1611与高压模块1613均采用低耐压的开关器件制作完成，其中，低压模块1611与高压模块1613的耐压大于3.3KV。
本实施例中，如图3与图5所示，三个功率模块SA～SC中每一个功率模块均单独设置于一个可插拔的电路基板上，若如图5-图6所示的其中一个功率转换模组161损坏失效，则仅需要将对应的功率模块对应的电路基板拔出并更换一片能够正常工作的功率模块即可，易于安装和拆卸，极大地减少了装配工作量，也使得整机结构简单，易于寻找故障点、易于检修。同时，固态变压器10中各个功率模块相互独立，则能够保证其走线简单，相应提高了固态变压器的可靠性和可维护性。
在本申请其他实施例中，三个功率模块SA～SC还可以同时设置于一个可插拔的电路基板上，能够进一步使得功率单元易于安装和拆卸，极大地减少了装配工作量，也使得固态变压器10的整机结构较为简单、成本相对较低。
请参阅图7，其为本申请第二实施例中供电系统的功能方框图。本实施例中，供电系统200与图1所示的供电系统100的电路结构基本相同，区别在于固态变压器20将第一直流电源通过设置的DC-AC逆变转换器(图8)转换为逆变交流电源，以供负载中的交流驱动电路使用。
具体地，请参阅图8，其中，图8为图7所示固态变压器中任意一个功率单元Uj的功能方框图，本实施例中，图8所示的固态变压器20中的功率单元Uj与图3所示功率单元U1的电路结构与工作原理基本相同，区别在于固态变压器20还包括逆变转移器17。逆变转换器17电性连接第一相功率模块SA、第二功率模块SB以及第三功率模块SC的转换输出端Cout，逆变转换器17将自转换输出端Cout接收的第一直流电压经过DC-AC的逆变转换为逆变交流电源，逆变交流电源输出至负载，用于供负载中的交流驱动的电路使用。
以上对本申请实施例所提供的技术方案的进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施例进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施例及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种固态变压器，其特征在于，包括输入端、多个功率单元以及输出端，
    所述输入端用于输入第一三相交流电源；
    所述多个功率单元相互并联于所述输入端与所述输出端，每一个功率单元用于将所述第一三相交流电源转换为第一直流电源，并自所述输出端输出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，
    所述第一三相交流电源包括相位差为120°的三相交流电源；
    每一个所述功率单元包括三个功率模块，其中，一个所述功率模块电性连接于一相所述交流电源与所述输出端之间，所述功率模块分别用于将接收的所述交流电源转换为所述第一直流电源。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，
    所述相位差为120°的三相交流电源为第一相交流电源、第二相交流电源与第三相交流电源；
    每一个功率单元包括第一相功率模块、第二相功率模块、第三相功率模块，
    其中，第一相功率模块电性连接于所述第一相交流电源与所述输出端之间，所述第一相功率模块将所述第一相交流电源转换为所述第一直流电源；
    第二相功率模块电性连接于所述第二相交流电源与所述输出端之间，所述第二相功率模块将所述第二相交流电源转换为所述第一直流电源；
    第三相功率模块电性连接于所述第三相交流电源与所述输出端之间，所述第三相功率模块将所述第三相交流电源转换为所述第一直流电源。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，每一个功率单元包括一个控制模组，所述控制模组依据所述第一三相交流电源中的电压与电流，控制所述第一相功率模块、所述第二相功率模块以及所述第三相功率模块的工作状态，以控制所述第一直流电源位于预先设置的范围内。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，每一个所述功率模块包括转换输入端、N个级联的功率转换模组以及转换输出端，
    所述转换输入端用于接收其中一相交流电源，所述及转换输出端电性连接所述输出端；
    所述N个级联的功率转换模组中每一个所述功率转换模组包括第一交流输入端、第二交流输入端与两个直流输出端，
    对于第i级功率模组而言，其中，1≤i≤N，
    所述第一交流输入端电性连接第i-1级功率模组的第二交流输入端；
    所述第二交流输入端电性连接第i+1级功率模组的第一交流输入端；
    所述两个直流输出端电性连接所述转换输出端；
    其中，第一级功率模组的交流输入端电性连接所述第一三相交流电源中任意一项交流电源，第N级功率模组的第二交流输入端电性连接于公共电压端；
    所述第一交流输入端与所述第二交流输入端之间的电压差作为输入所述功率转换模组的交流电源，且每一个功率转换模组中所述第一交流输入端与所述第二交流输入端之间的电压差位于预设范围内；
    所述功率转换模组将所述电压差转换为所述第一直流电压并自所述转换输出端输出。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，每一个所述功率模块还包括：依次串联于所述转换输入端与所述N个级联的功率转换模组之间的所述保护电路、预启动电路、滤波电路以及采样电路，其中，
    所述保护电路用于传输所述转换输入端接收的所述交流电源至所述滤波电路，并在所述交流电源超过阈值电流时断开所述转换输入端；
    所述预启动电路电性连接所述保护本电路，用于提供在所述功率转换模组工作之前，提供小于功率转换模组额定工作电压的启动电压至所述功率转换模组；
    所述滤波电路电性连接所述预启动电路，用于针对所述交流电源进行滤波处理；
    所述采样电路电性连接所述预启动电路与所述N个级联的功率转换模组之间，用于采集经过滤波处理后的所述交流电源中的电压与电流并获得采样电压与采样电流。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，
    所述控制模组电性连接每一个功率模块中的采样电路和所述N个级联的功率转换模组，
    所述控制模组获取所述采样电压与所述采样电流，并依据所述采样电压与所述采样电流控制所述N个级联的功率转换模组的工作状态。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7任意一项所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，
    每一个功率模块设置于一个可插拔的电路基板。
  9. 根据权利要求2-7任意一项所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，
    所述三个功率模块设置于一个可插拔的电路基板。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的固态变压器，其特征在于，所述固态变压器包括系统控制模组，所述系统控制模组包括至少一个系统控制单元，所述系统控制单元电性连接所述多个功率单元，用于控制所述多个功率单元的工作状态。
  11. 一种供电系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-10任意一项所述的固态变压器与中压交流转换模组，
    所述中压交流转换模组用于将市电高压交流电源转换为所述第一三相交流电源；
    所述固态变压器的所述输入端电性连接中压交流转换模并接收所述第一三相交流电 源，所述输出端用于连接负载并提供所述第一直流电压至所述负载。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的供电系统，其特征在于，所述固态变压器还包括逆变转移器，所述逆变转换器电性连接所述多个功率单元，用于接收所述第一直流电压并且将所述第一直流电压转换为逆变交流电源，所述逆变交流电源输出至所述负载。
PCT/CN2020/106261 2020-07-31 2020-07-31 固态变压器与供电系统 WO2022021347A1 (zh)

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