WO2023185169A1 - 一种瓣膜假体 - Google Patents

一种瓣膜假体 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023185169A1
WO2023185169A1 PCT/CN2022/143724 CN2022143724W WO2023185169A1 WO 2023185169 A1 WO2023185169 A1 WO 2023185169A1 CN 2022143724 W CN2022143724 W CN 2022143724W WO 2023185169 A1 WO2023185169 A1 WO 2023185169A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve prosthesis
stent
valve
inflow end
fastener
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/143724
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王春光
耿肖肖
戴志成
葛云龙
陈真
龚书珺
吴明明
陈大凯
Original Assignee
科凯(南通)生命科学有限公司
科通(上海)医疗器械有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202210753464.4A external-priority patent/CN115177405A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202211391770.4A external-priority patent/CN115670750B/zh
Application filed by 科凯(南通)生命科学有限公司, 科通(上海)医疗器械有限公司 filed Critical 科凯(南通)生命科学有限公司
Publication of WO2023185169A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023185169A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a valve prosthesis.
  • Aortic valve replacement is a cardiovascular surgery that uses an artificial valve to replace an original diseased or abnormal heart valve. Since transcatheter surgery has many advantages such as less trauma and faster recovery, more and more surgeries are beginning to use it. Surgery is performed via a catheter. Aortic valve replacement has also changed from early surgical methods to transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
  • transcatheter aortic valve replacement mainly relies on expandable stents to replace artificial valves.
  • multiple positioning arcs need to be inserted into the aortic sinus and connected with multiple aortic valves.
  • the roots of the native leaflets of the artery are aligned to capture the native leaflets.
  • the native aortic valve leaflets due to certain differences in the structure of the native aortic valve leaflets in different patients, or due to various reasons such as the fact that the native aortic valve leaflets are already in a diseased state, it is relatively difficult to capture the native aortic valve leaflets using the positioning arc of the existing expandable stent. .
  • the positioning arc When pushing the stent to insert the positioning arc into the aortic sinus and using the positioning arc to capture the native aortic valve leaflets, it will appear that only two positioning arcs capture the corresponding native aortic valve leaflets (the aortic valve is generally composed of three semilunar valves) composition), and the third positioning arc fails to insert into the aortic sinus.
  • the existing artificial valve implantation method not only causes the operation time to be too long, but also risks damaging the aorta due to repeated advancement and retreat of the expandable stent, or friction with other components of the delivery system during the advancement and retreat of the expandable stent.
  • the resulting debris remains in the patient's body to form "hot spots" and trigger an inflammatory reaction, increasing the risk of surgery.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a valve prosthesis that can improve surgical efficiency.
  • a valve prosthesis to achieve the aforementioned purpose includes a valve prosthesis stent, which includes:
  • a plurality of positioning members are arranged around the circumference of the bracket body
  • At least one of the positioning parts can change its opening angle relative to the axis of the stent, so that in the extended state of the valve prosthesis stent, the stent body and the positioning part are respectively located on both sides of the native valve leaflet.
  • the stent body includes:
  • the stent body includes:
  • a fastener is provided between the positioning part and the anchoring part in one-to-one correspondence with the positioning part.
  • the outflow end of the fastener is connected to the outflow end of the positioning part.
  • the fastening part The inflow end of the component is connected to the anchoring portion;
  • the fastener and the positioning member in the extended state of the valve prosthesis stent, can be respectively clamped on both sides of the native leaflets of the heart valve.
  • the positioning part is further provided with a fitting part, and a pulling wire can pass through the fitting part to be connected to the positioning part, and an external force can be applied to the positioning part through the pulling wire, so as to Change the opening angle of the positioning member relative to the axis of the bracket.
  • the opening angle ranges from 20° to 60°.
  • the opening angle ranges from 60° to 90°.
  • the fitting portion is a wire pull hole opened at the inflow end of the positioning member.
  • a wire pull ring is provided inside the inflow end of the positioning member, and the fitting portion is a wire pull hole defined in the wire pull ring.
  • the pull wire hole is configured to be identifiable by X-rays.
  • the surface of the wire pull hole is provided with an X-ray opaque marking layer or a high-density metal plating layer; or,
  • the outer contour of the cable ring is set to one or more of a gourd shape, a triangular star shape, a prism shape, a cat's claw shape or an elliptical shape.
  • a pull wire composite ring is provided inside the inflow end of the positioning member, the mating portion is a pull wire hole provided at the outflow end of the pull wire composite ring, and the inflow end of the pull wire composite ring is configured for development .
  • the cable composite ring includes a connecting rod and a cable ring.
  • the inflow end of the connecting rod is connected to the inflow end of the positioning member, and the outflow end of the connecting rod is connected to the cable ring.
  • connection, the mating part is a cable hole defined in the cable ring,
  • a C-shaped component is installed on the connecting rod, and the C-shaped component is configured for development.
  • the pull cord composite ring includes a first through hole configured for development and a second through hole adapted to penetrate the pull cord.
  • the first through hole has a diameter greater than the second through hole.
  • the surface of the first through hole is provided with an X-ray opaque marking layer or a high-density metal plating layer; or,
  • the outer contour of the wire-staying composite ring is set to one or more of a gourd shape, a triangular star shape, a prism shape or a cat's claw shape.
  • the pull wire composite ring is tilted inwardly relative to the axis of the valve prosthesis stent.
  • valve prosthesis stent has a compressed state and an extended state
  • the inflow end of the fastener is in the shape of a water drop in the compressed state
  • the inflow end portion of the fastener is in The extended state is U-shaped.
  • the inflow end of the positioning member is in a water drop shape in a compressed state.
  • a reinforced support part is provided inside the fastener, the outflow end of the reinforced support part is connected to the fastener, and the inflow end of the reinforced support part is connected to the anchoring part.
  • the inflow end of the fastener is not connected to the anchoring portion, and the fastener is connected to the anchoring portion through the reinforcing support portion.
  • the valve prosthesis stent further includes a support member, the support member is closer to the outflow end of the valve prosthesis stent relative to the positioning member, and the outflow end of the support member is connected to the outflow end of the valve prosthesis stent.
  • the outflow end of the positioning member is connected.
  • the support member includes a first support arm and a second support arm, and the first support arm and the second support arm are connected at the inflow end of the support member;
  • the valve prosthesis stent has a compressed state and an extended state. In the compressed state of the valve prosthesis stent, the first support arm and the second support arm are linear.
  • the valve prosthesis stent has a compressed state and an extended state.
  • the support member In the compressed state of the valve prosthesis stent and no external force is applied to the positioning member 12 , the support member has a first Opening angle: the positioning member has a second opening angle, the second opening angle is 4°-14°, and the first opening angle is smaller than the second opening angle.
  • the support member has a support member pull wire loop adapted to penetrate a pull wire, and the support member pull wire loop is disposed at the inflow end of the support member.
  • the valve prosthesis stent has a compressed state and an extended state. In the compressed state of the valve prosthesis stent, the position of the support member pull wire ring is aligned with the position of the pull wire composite ring.
  • the support cable loop is tilted outward relative to the support.
  • the outward inclination angle of the support member cable ring relative to the support member is 100°-160°.
  • the inflow end of the positioning member and the inflow end of the support member are connected through a connecting mechanism.
  • the connecting mechanism is a connecting rod or a folded line structure.
  • connection mechanism includes a first link, a second link, and a diamond grid connecting the first link and the second link.
  • the longitudinal axis of the first link and the second link are The longitudinal axes of the two connecting rods are on the same straight line.
  • the length of the first link is less than the length of the second link.
  • connection mechanism includes a first link and a second link, wherein the first link and the second link are connected by a grid link I and a grid link II. connect;
  • connection mechanism includes a first link, a second link, and three links connecting the first link and the second link, so that the connection mechanism is integrated It is S-shaped.
  • the positioning member includes a first positioning arm and a second positioning arm, and the first positioning arm and the second positioning arm are connected at the inflow end of the positioning member;
  • the fastener includes a first fastening arc and a second fastening arc, and the first fastening arc and the second fastening arc are connected at the inflow end of the fastener;
  • the valve prosthesis stent has a compressed state and an extended state. In the compressed state of the valve prosthesis stent, the first positioning arm and the second positioning arm are linear.
  • the inflow end of the positioning member is closest to the inflow end of the valve prosthesis stent and is farthest from the inflow end of the valve prosthesis stent.
  • the vertical distance is 4mm-8mm.
  • the positioning member is conformal to the fastener along the axis of the bracket.
  • an extension rod is provided between the outflow end of the positioning member and the outflow end of the fastener.
  • a leaflet suturing hole is provided inside the extension rod, and the leaflet suturing hole is used to fix the outflow end of the artificial valve leaflet.
  • the inflow end of the positioning member includes a first arc segment located in the middle, and a second arc segment and a third arc segment respectively provided on both sides of the first arc segment. part;
  • the diameter of the circle where the first arc segment is located is larger than the diameter of the circle where the second arc segment and the third arc segment are located.
  • the valve prosthesis stent includes three positioning members arranged circumferentially.
  • the outflow end of the positioning member has a wavy section.
  • the anchoring portion is formed from circumferentially connected diamond grid connections.
  • the width of the rod constituting the anchoring portion is smaller in the center and larger at the ends.
  • the adjacent rhombic grid connection areas extend a predetermined length along the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the valve prosthesis stent respectively, and along the circumferential direction of the valve prosthesis, the Adjacent diamond grid connecting areas include recessed curved structures.
  • the extension direction of the anchoring portion from the outflow end to the inflow end is outwardly expanded relative to the central axis of the stent, so that the diameter of the outflow end of the anchoring portion is smaller than the diameter of the inflow end of the anchoring portion.
  • the outward expansion angle is 6° to 14°.
  • the outflow end of the positioning member is provided with a connection portion, and the connection portion is used to connect with the delivery system.
  • connection part includes a connection web and a connection block, the inflow end of the connection web is connected to the outflow end of the positioning member, and the outflow end of the connection web is connected to the connection block, the circumferential width of the connecting block is greater than the circumferential width of the connecting web.
  • the connecting block is inclined toward the central axis of the valve prosthesis stent.
  • the anchoring part is further provided with barbs, and the barbs are provided at the inflow end of the anchoring part and extend toward the outflow end of the anchoring part.
  • the extension direction of the barb is inclined outward relative to the anchoring portion.
  • the extension direction of the barb and the inclination angle relative to the anchoring part are 5° to 15°.
  • the barbs are multiple evenly distributed along the circumference of the stent.
  • the anchoring portion is formed by a circumferentially connected rhombus grid connection, and the barbs are located in the rhombus grid connection with the positioning member.
  • the ratio of the length of the barb to the length of the rhombus grid is 1:5 to 1:10.
  • the stent body further includes a reinforcing mesh disposed at the outflow end of the anchoring portion;
  • the reinforcing mesh and the positioning member can be respectively located on both sides of the native valve leaflets to clamp the native valve leaflets.
  • the reinforcing mesh includes a first self-expanding arc, a second self-expanding arc and a third self-expanding arc sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the valve prosthesis stent;
  • first self-expanding arc is fixedly connected to the first fastening arc of the fastener, the other end is fixedly connected to the second fastening arc of the adjacent fastener, and is convex toward the inflow end of the valve prosthesis stent. rise;
  • both ends of the second self-expanding arc are respectively fixedly connected to the first self-expanding arc and protrude toward the outflow end of the valve prosthesis stent;
  • One end of the third self-expanding arc is fixedly connected to the first fastening arc of the fastener, the other end is fixedly connected to the second fastening arc of the adjacent fastener, and is convex toward the inflow end of the valve prosthesis stent. rise;
  • the first fastening arc of the fastener forms a first rounded angle with the second fastening arc of the adjacent fastener;
  • the second self-expanding arc has a second rounded corner, the third self-expanding arc has a third rounded corner, wherein the third rounded corner is not larger than the first rounded corner, and the second rounded corner is larger than the first rounded corner.
  • the reinforcing net is composed of a curved self-expanding arc, a connecting lattice, and a third self-expanding arc, wherein the curved self-expanding arc is composed of four sections, namely curved arm I and curved arm II.
  • the anchoring part is connected, in which the inflow ends of the curved arms III and IV are fixedly connected, and the connection is connected to the anchoring part, where the outflow ends of the curved arms II and curved arms III are fixedly connected, and the connection is fixedly connected to the connecting grid,
  • the coupling lattice consists of two coupling arms.
  • the anchoring portion structural unit is a rhombus structure
  • the reinforcing mesh structural unit at the inflow end of the reinforcing mesh shares a vertex with an anchoring portion structural unit of the anchoring portion
  • the reinforcing mesh structure at the outflow end of the reinforcing mesh shares a vertex.
  • the fastening arc of the element and the fastener share one or two edges.
  • the reinforcement mesh sequentially includes a three-layer mesh structure connected to each other.
  • the first layer includes a reinforcement mesh structural unit
  • the second layer It includes two reinforced mesh structural units
  • the third layer includes one reinforced mesh structural unit;
  • the reinforcing mesh structural unit of the first layer shares an edge with the second fastening arc of the fastener on one side thereof, and shares an edge with the first fastening arc of the fastener on the other side;
  • the reinforcing mesh structural unit on one side of the second layer shares an edge with the second fastening arc of the fastener on one side, and the reinforcing mesh structural unit on the other side of the second layer shares the same edge with the second fastening arc of the fastener on the other side.
  • the first fastening arc shares one edge;
  • the reinforced mesh structural unit of the third layer shares a vertex with the anchoring portion structural unit.
  • the valve prosthesis further includes a covering, the covering is installed inside the valve prosthesis stent, and the outflow end of the covering is connected to the fastener, and the covering The inflow end is connected to the anchoring part.
  • an extension rod is provided between the outflow end of the positioning member and the outflow end of the fastener, and a leaflet suturing hole is opened in the extension rod, and the valve prosthesis also It includes an artificial valve leaflet.
  • the artificial valve leaflet includes an artificial valve leaflet main body and an artificial valve leaflet ear portion disposed at the outflow end of the artificial valve leaflet main body. The artificial valve leaflet ear portion passes through the valve leaflet suture hole and then wraps the extension.
  • a rod is provided, and the inflow end edge of the artificial valve leaflet main body is connected to the covering film.
  • the outflow end of the artificial valve leaflet is closer to the outflow end of the valve prosthesis stent than the outflow end of the fastener.
  • an anti-wear strip is provided at the connection between the inflow end edge of the artificial valve leaflet body and the membrane.
  • the wear strip has a U-shaped cross section, and the inflow end edge of the artificial valve leaflet body is disposed inside the U-shaped wear strip.
  • 3 to 10 stress notches are provided on the outside of the U-shaped wear strip.
  • the wear strip and the artificial valve leaflet are made of the same material.
  • the inflow end of the coating is everted from the inside of the stent to the outside of the stent to form an outer skirt that wraps around the periphery of the anchoring part.
  • the coating is woven from longitudinal threads and transverse threads, and the angle between the longitudinal threads and the transverse threads is set to 60° to 90°.
  • the artificial valve leaflet includes one or more synthetic materials, engineered biological tissue, biological leaflet tissue, pericardial tissue, cross-linked pericardial tissue, aortic root tissue, chemically or biologically modified processed/processed tissue, or a combination thereof.
  • the valve prosthesis further includes an artificial valve leaflet and a coating, the inflow end edge of the artificial valve leaflet is connected to the coating, and the coating is installed on the valve prosthesis. Inside the stent, the outflow end of the coating is connected to the fastener, and the inflow end of the coating is connected to the anchoring part;
  • the coating further includes an extension part covering the inside of the inflow end of the fastener.
  • the valve prosthesis further includes an artificial valve leaflet and a coating, the inflow end edge of the artificial valve leaflet main body is connected to the coating, and the coating is installed on the valve prosthesis.
  • the inner side of the body stent, and the outflow end of the coating is connected to the fastener, and the inflow end of the coating is connected to the anchoring part;
  • the coating further includes a covering part covering the outside of the inflow end of the fastener.
  • the valve prosthesis stent has a compressed state and an extended state
  • the inflow end of the fastener is in the shape of a water drop in the compressed state
  • the inflow end portion of the fastener is in The extended state is U-shaped, and the outflow end of the covering part does not exceed the outflow end of the U-shape.
  • the inflow end of the coating is everted from the inside of the stent to the outside of the stent to form an outer skirt that wraps around the periphery of the anchoring part.
  • the cover part and the outer skirt are one piece.
  • the valve prosthesis is used for aortic valve replacement.
  • the valve prosthesis stent can change its opening angle relative to the axis of the stent by using at least one positioning piece among the plurality of positioning pieces, thereby making it easy to capture native valve leaflets through the opening angle and improving the efficiency of aortic valve replacement surgery.
  • the cable-stayed composite ring described herein includes mounting holes for mounting markers, either by providing an Setting it into a specific shape to develop the self-expanding heart valve stent can prevent markers from flowing into the human body and improve the safety of the product.
  • a coating thinner than the artificial valve leaflets is provided between the artificial valve leaflets and the valve prosthesis stent, and the artificial valve leaflets are fixed on the coating.
  • the shape of the leaflets is designed to increase the versatility of the leaflets.
  • the artificial valve leaflets are not directly connected to the valve prosthesis stent, which can reduce the pulling force on the artificial valve leaflets due to deformation of the valve prosthesis stent during the pressing and grasping process.
  • the outflow end of the positioning piece is set in a wavy curved structure.
  • the contact area between the positioning piece and the native leaflets is increased, which effectively increases the stability of the positioning piece in holding the native leaflets.
  • the opening deformation of the positioning piece can be bent from the curved structure to open the positioning piece, which reduces the deformation amplitude of the connection at the outflow end of the positioning piece and reduces the risk of deformation at the connection. Possible damage caused by stress.
  • the curved structure makes the positioning member have a certain elasticity in the axial direction.
  • the aortic valve closes, and the blood in the aorta will exert pressure on the aortic sinus to the positioning member.
  • the positioning member with the curved structure can reduce its impact on the aorta.
  • the impact force of the aortic sinus reduces the damage caused by the positioning piece to the aortic sinus bottom.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic three-dimensional view of a valve prosthesis stent according to the first embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 shows a three-dimensional schematic view of the valve prosthesis stent from another perspective according to the first embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the deployment of a valve prosthesis stent according to the first embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 4 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part A of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 shows a three-dimensional schematic view of a valve prosthesis stent according to the second embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic view of the deployment of a valve prosthesis stent according to the second embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a modification of the valve prosthesis stent according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • Figures 8-9 show a three-dimensional schematic view of the connection mechanism in the valve prosthesis stent according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part B of Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 shows a perspective view of a variation of the connection mechanism in the valve prosthesis stent according to the second embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 12 shows a three-dimensional schematic view of a valve prosthesis stent according to the third embodiment of the present application.
  • Figures 13-14 respectively show schematic diagrams of a valve prosthesis stent in an extended state according to one or more embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 15 shows a perspective view of a modification of the valve prosthesis stent according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • Figures 18-19 respectively show schematic diagrams of a pull cord ring according to one or more embodiments of the present application.
  • Figures 20-21 show schematic diagrams of a guyed composite ring according to one or more embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 22 shows a schematic diagram of the development structure of a wire-stayed composite ring according to one or more embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 23 shows a perspective view of a variation of the valve prosthesis stent according to the first embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 24 shows a three-dimensional schematic view of the valve prosthesis stent in a contracted state according to the first embodiment of the present application
  • Figures 25 to 28 show schematic diagrams of multiple variations of the valve prosthesis stent according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 29 shows a schematic diagram of the valve prosthesis stent after pulling the wire according to the first embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 30 shows a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the inflow end of the positioning member of the valve prosthesis stent according to the second embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 31 shows a schematic diagram of a variation of the valve prosthesis stent according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 32 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of Figure 31;
  • 33 to 34 illustrate a schematic diagram of a valve prosthesis stent assembled in a delivery system according to one or more embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 35 shows a schematic diagram of a variation of the valve prosthesis stent according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • 36 to 38 show schematic diagrams of multiple variations of the valve prosthesis stent according to the first embodiment of the present application
  • Figures 39-40 show schematic diagrams of artificial valve leaflets according to one or more embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 41 shows a schematic diagram of an existing artificial valve leaflet
  • Figure 43 shows a schematic diagram of an artificial valve leaflet according to one or more embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 44 shows a schematic diagram of a variation of a valve prosthesis stent according to one or more embodiments of the present application.
  • Figures 45 to 47 schematically illustrate a woven fabric weaving method according to one or more embodiments of the present application.
  • FIGS 48 to 51 schematically illustrate an artificial valve leaflet according to one or more embodiments of the present application
  • Figures 52 to 54 respectively show schematic diagrams of multiple variations of the valve prosthesis stent according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 55 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a native human valve leaflet
  • Figures 56 to 57 schematically illustrate an overall view of a valve prosthesis according to one or more embodiments of the present application.
  • a valve prosthesis is provided.
  • the application of a valve prosthesis in cardiac aorta replacement is used as an example for description. It is understood that the present valve prosthesis can also be used in other suitable replacement surgeries.
  • the height direction is substantially along the direction of the axis of the artificial heart valve.
  • the "high” and “upper” refer to the position of the outflow end of the artificial heart valve when it is close to the extended state (as shown in Figure 1)
  • the "low” and “lower” refer to Close to the position of the inflow end of the artificial heart valve in the extended state
  • the left and right are the directions shown with reference to the corresponding drawings.
  • the "inflow end” refers to the upstream position according to the direction of blood flow, that is, the valve in the extended state
  • the end of the prosthesis that first passes through the blood is the inflow end 1000 shown in Figure 1.
  • the "outflow end” refers to the downstream position in the direction of the blood flow, that is, the end where the blood leaves the valve prosthesis in the extended state, such as The outflow end 2000 is shown in Figure 1. It can be understood that the "inflow end” is the side away from the delivery device when the valve prosthesis is in the extended state or the side away from the end manipulated by the user, that is, the side close to the apex when the valve prosthesis is in the extended state. One side is the "proximal end”.
  • the “outflow end” is the side of the delivery device when the valve prosthesis is in the extended state or the side in the direction of the end manipulated by the user, that is, the side away from the apex when the valve prosthesis is in the extended state, that is, " Distal end”.
  • a valve prosthesis it has an inflow end and an outflow end according to the direction of blood flow, and for components within the valve prosthesis, the inflow end of a certain component refers to The end of the component is relatively close to the inflow end of the valve prosthesis, and the outflow end of a certain component refers to the end of the component relatively close to the outflow end of the valve prosthesis.
  • valve prosthesis which includes a valve prosthesis stent, which includes a stent body and a plurality of positioning members.
  • the stent body referred to herein can be understood as other structures in the valve prosthesis stent excluding the positioning member.
  • the specific structure of the stent body will be further described in detail through one or more specific embodiments.
  • the positioning parts are arranged circumferentially along the stent body, and at least one positioning part can change its opening angle relative to the axis of the stent, so that in the extended state of the valve prosthesis stent, the stent body and the positioning part can be positioned respectively on the native valve leaflet. both sides.
  • the stent axis described herein can be understood as the extension direction of the central axis of the valve prosthesis stent.
  • valve prosthesis stent of the present application will be described in detail through multiple embodiments as follows.
  • FIGS 1 to 4 show schematic diagrams of the valve prosthesis stent according to Embodiment 1. It can be understood that the valve prosthesis stent shown in Embodiment 1 is used in aortic replacement surgery, so it is mentioned in some documents In , a valve prosthetic stent may also be called an aortic regurgitation stent or aortic regurgitation stent.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the valve prosthesis stent 1 according to Embodiment 1 when it is in an extended state.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the valve prosthesis stent 1 according to Embodiment 1 from another angle.
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the valve prosthesis stent 1 according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 An expanded view of the valve prosthesis stent 1 in Example 1, and Figure 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of Figure 3 .
  • the stent body of the valve prosthesis stent 1 described in Embodiment 1 includes an anchoring portion 10 .
  • the anchoring part 10 has an inflow end and an outflow end.
  • the valve prosthesis stent 1 can be stuck on the aortic valve annulus through the anchoring part 10.
  • the anchoring part 10 can be supported on the aortic valve annulus.
  • the inner peripheral side of the aortic valve annulus and restricts the displacement of the valve prosthesis as a whole and its valve prosthesis stent 1 relative to the aortic valve annulus, especially when the left ventricle contracts, preventing the valve prosthesis stent 1 from being blocked by the blood flow from the left ventricle. Rush into the aorta, or move toward the aorta.
  • the number of positioning members 12 is the same as the number of the patient's aortic valves. For example, most of them are 3. For a special patient with two aortic valves, the number of positioning members 12 is Correspondingly changed to 2.
  • the anchoring part 10 is supported on the inner peripheral side of the aortic valve annulus, and the anchoring part 10 and the positioning member 12 are respectively located on both sides of the native leaflets of the heart valve.
  • the stent body also includes a support member 11 and a fastener 13.
  • the support member 11 is closer to the outflow end of the valve prosthesis stent 1 relative to the positioning member 12.
  • the outflow end of the support member 11 The end is connected to the outflow end of the positioning member 12, and the inflow end of the positioning member 12 is provided with an anchoring portion 10.
  • the fastener 13 is used to fix the leaflets of the artificial heart valve, and the outflow end of the fastener 13 is connected to the outflow end of the support member 11 .
  • the artificial heart valve leaflets may be sutured and connected to the fastener 13 by suturing.
  • the fastener 13 is also called a retainer in other relevant patent application documents.
  • the support member 11 and the positioning member 12 are respectively clamped on both sides of the native leaflets of the heart valve to prevent the outflow ends of the native leaflets from moving with the blood flow and interfering with the artificial heart valve. leaf.
  • the distance between the positioning member 12 and the support member 11 can be increased, thereby making it easier to capture the native valve leaflets through the opening angle, thereby improving the aortic valve replacement surgery. s efficiency.
  • the support member 11 prevents the native valve leaflets from intruding on the artificial valve leaflets, and because the native valve leaflets are clamped by the support member 11 and the positioning member 12, the clamping is relatively more reliable.
  • the support member 11 is also conducive to the prosthesis of the valve.
  • the body stent 1 can self-expand more smoothly, increasing the radial force during self-expansion.
  • the support member 11 and the positioning member 12 are respectively clamped on both sides of the native leaflets of the heart valve.
  • the support member 11 is located on The radial inner side of the native leaflets of the heart valve
  • the positioning member 12 is located on the radial outer side of the native leaflets of the heart valve. They exert external forces on the native leaflets of the heart valve respectively to achieve clamping of the native leaflets of the heart valve. hold.
  • the fastener 13 is also located radially inside the native leaflets of the heart valve. Therefore, it can also be regarded that the native leaflets are positioned by the positioning member 12, the support member 11 and/or the fastener 13. Clamping.
  • FIG. 5 to 6 show a schematic diagram of the valve prosthesis stent 1 according to Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the valve prosthesis stent 1 according to Embodiment 2 when it is in an extended state.
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the valve prosthesis stent 1 according to Embodiment 2.
  • the expanded view of the valve prosthesis stent 1 in Example 2 is shown in Figures 5 to 6.
  • the valve prosthesis stent includes a plurality of fasteners 13', a plurality of positioning members 12' and an anchoring part. 10', a positioning piece 12' is provided on the upper side of one of the fasteners 13', and the outflow end of the positioning piece 12' is fixedly connected to the outflow end of the fastener 13'.
  • An anchoring part 10' is provided at the inflow end of the valve, and the native valve leaflet is clamped by the positioning member 12' and the fastener 13', and then the anchoring part 10' is stuck on the aortic valve annulus, thereby making the valve prosthesis stent Stably fixed in place of the native aortic valve.
  • the positioning piece 12' needs to be used to capture the native valve leaflets, that is, the positioning piece 12' is inserted into the aortic sinus bottom through the non-closed surface of the native valve leaflets, and the positioning piece 12' is located at The fastener 13' is located radially outside the native valve leaflet and the radially inner side of the native valve leaflet, so that the fastener 13' and the positioning member 12' clamp the native valve leaflet.
  • the aortic native valve leaflet generally consists of three It consists of 88 native valve leaflets (as shown in Figure 55), so there are generally three positioning parts 12', corresponding to all the native valve leaflets that need to be captured.
  • the opening angle of at least one of the positioning parts 12' is controlled.
  • a pull wire can be used to control the opening of the positioning part 12' and the axis of the valve prosthesis stent 1. Angle, use the pull wire to open the positioning member 12' to a larger angle, making it easier to access the non-closed surface of the native leaflet, thereby facilitating the positioning member 12' to capture the native leaflet without the need to move the adjustment bracket 1 radially.
  • Embodiment 2 the supporting member 11 may not be provided, but the native leaflets may be limited only through the clamping effect of the positioning member 12' and the fastener 13'.
  • a support member 11' is also provided in the middle of the positioning member 12', but the difference from Embodiment 1 is that in Embodiment 2,
  • the positioning member 12' and the support member 11' are located on the same side of the native leaflets of the heart valve, that is, radially outside, and the fastener 13' is located on the other side of the native leaflets of the heart valve.
  • the positioning member 12', the support member 11' and the fastener 13' apply force on both sides of the native leaflets of the heart valve respectively to clamp the native leaflets of the heart valve.
  • the function of the support member 11' is to effectively increase the contact area between the positioning member 12' and the native leaflets.
  • the two ends of the support member 11' are respectively Connected to the inner sides of both sides of the positioning member 12', the connection between the two ends of the support member 11' and the positioning member 12' is relatively close to the outflow end of the positioning member 12', which also effectively increases the circumferential support of the outflow end of the positioning member 12'. force, increasing the stability of the entire valve prosthesis stent 1. Therefore, in some relevant documents, the support member 11' is also called a reinforcement member.
  • the support member 11' has a V-shaped structure, so that the support member 11' is easy to compress and expand.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a modification of Embodiment 2.
  • the valve prosthesis stent 1 is in an extended state in the modified example shown in FIG. 7 .
  • a connecting mechanism 18 is provided between the supporting member 11' and the positioning member 12'.
  • the positioning member 12' is provided with a cable composite ring 124 for cooperating with the cable.
  • the structure and function of the cable composite ring 124 will be described in detail later, here. No longer.
  • a connection mechanism 18 is provided between the stay wire composite ring 124 and the support member 11'. The inflow end 113 of the support member and the guy wire composite ring 124 are connected together through the connecting mechanism 18 .
  • the three can be considered as a whole.
  • the beneficial effects of providing the connecting mechanism 18 are as follows.
  • the whole body formed by the connecting mechanism 18, the supporting member 11' and the positioning member 12' is described as a clamping assembly.
  • the supporting member 11' and the positioning member 12' clamp the native leaflets on the same side.
  • the clamping component clamps the native leaflets of the heart valve, the valve prosthesis stent 1 will be washed away by blood during left ventricular contraction, and after being implanted in the patient's body, the patient will also be in a random state of motion.
  • the valve prosthesis stent 1 is not in a static state relative to the native valve leaflets, but is in a relative random motion state. Therefore, the stress state of the clamping component is also in a changing state, although the amplitude of the change is sometimes relatively small. That is to say, after the positioning member 12' and the support member 11' are implanted in the patient's body, there will be a problem of fatigue fracture. If the two are not connected as one through the connecting mechanism 18, then the positioning member 12' and the support member 11' will be separated from other parts of the stent. Each part has only two connection points. If any one of the connection points breaks, the corresponding positioning member 12' or support member 11' will be unstable. Now the three are combined into a clamping component with an integrated structure.
  • the clamping component as a whole and the connecting piece have four connection points. If one point is broken, there are still three connection points, and the stability is higher.
  • the design of the connecting mechanism 18 of the clamping assembly is mainly to prevent the support member 11' and the positioning member 12' from moving separately, resulting in inconsistent clamping forces. For example, the support member 11' is clamped tightly, while the positioning member 12' is relatively tight. If it is loose, the positioning member 12' will lose its clamping effect. On the contrary, if the positioning member 12' is clamped tightly and the supporting member 11' is loose, the supporting member 11' will lose its clamping effect. Therefore, the two are connected together through the connecting mechanism 18 so that they can move together.
  • the distance between the inflow ends of the two is always changes, and if the two are connected through the connecting mechanism 18, the distance between the two inflow ends will no longer change, so the opening angle of the clamping component is limited, or in other words, the required opening angle of the clamping component is increased. force, because at this time the two not only need to overcome the force when opening, but also need more force to achieve the deformation of the two so that the distance between the inflow ends of the two remains unchanged, so the clamping component is enhanced The force exerts on the valve makes it difficult to loosen.
  • the connecting mechanism 18 can be a connecting rod as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the connecting mechanism 18 may also be a folded line structure.
  • the connection mechanism 18 between the wire composite ring 124 and the support member 11' enables synchronous control of the opening and closing of the positioning member 12' and the support member 11', thereby increasing the radial maneuverability of the anti-reflux cardiac stent.
  • the setting of the connecting mechanism also increases the contact area between the artificial heart valve leaflets and the artificial anti-reflux heart stent. As mentioned above, this arrangement can increase the fatigue resistance of the artificial anti-reflux cardiac stent.
  • the connecting mechanism 18 may have other suitable configurations.
  • the connecting mechanism 18 may include a first link 181 and a second link 182, and connect the first link 181 to The rhombus 183 of the rod 181 and the second link 182.
  • One end of the first connecting rod 181 can be fixedly connected to the second through hole of the cable composite ring 124 , and the other end can be fixedly connected to a vertex of the rhombus square 183 .
  • One end of the second link can be fixedly connected to the support member, and the other end can be fixedly connected to the other vertex of the rhombus square 183 .
  • the longitudinal axes of the first link 181 and the second link 182 may be on the same straight line, and the length of the first link 181 may be smaller than the length of the second link 182 .
  • the diamond-shaped square grid 183 is composed of two grid connecting rods I1831 and two grid connecting rods II1832, in which one end of the two grid connecting rods I1831 is jointly connected to one end of the first connecting rod 181 , one end of the two lattice connecting rods II 1832 is jointly connected to one end of the second connecting rod 182, and the other end (free end) of the lattice connecting rod I 1831 is fixedly connected to the other end (free end) of the lattice connecting rod II 1832.
  • the blood in the aorta exerts an impact force on the valve prosthetic stent 1 toward the aortic sinus, and the stent will move along the aorta relative to the native valve leaflets.
  • the central axis moves up and down, the inflow end of the positioning piece 12' will collide with the bottom of the aortic valve annulus. Because the positioning piece 12' is connected to the connecting mechanism 18 through the wire composite ring, the stiffness of the inflow end of the positioning piece 12' will be increased. In order to reduce the impact of stiffness enhancement on the aortic sinus.
  • the other end (free end) of the lattice connecting rod I 1831 is fixedly connected to the other end (free end) of the lattice connecting rod II 1832 through a bent connection part 184, wherein the bent connection part 184
  • the width L2 is smaller than the width L1 of the grid connecting rod I 1831 and the grid connecting rod II 1832, which makes it easier for the grid connecting rod I 1831 and the grid connecting rod II 1832 to move with each other.
  • a connecting rod, 124 which reduces the impact on the flexibility of the inflow end of the positioning member.
  • the connecting mechanism may further include a folded line structure.
  • the folded line structure may be a connecting rod containing half of a rhombus square, that is, the folded line structure includes: a first connecting rod 181, one end of which is connected to a lattice connecting rod I 1831, and the lattice connecting rod I1831 is connected to one end of the first connecting rod 181.
  • the other end of the rod I 1831 is fixedly connected to the grid link II 1832, and the other end of the grid link II 1832 is fixedly connected to one end of the second link 182.
  • the grid link I and the grid link II are connected through a curved connection part 184 is fixedly connected, in which the width of the curved connection portion 184 is smaller than the width of the grid connecting rod I 1831 and the grid connecting rod II 1832, which makes it easier for the grid connecting rod I 1831 and the grid connecting rod II 1832 to move with each other, compared to directly connecting the support inflow end through the connecting rod.
  • 113 and the pull wire composite ring 124 reduce the impact on the flexibility of the inflow end of the positioning member.
  • the folding line structure can also adopt an S-shaped structural design as shown in Figure 11, that is, the first connecting rod 181 is fixedly connected to the second connecting rod 182 through three connecting rods, but the folding line structure does not Limited to this, the first connecting rod 181 can be fixedly connected to the second connecting rod 182 through several connecting rods. Preferably, several connecting rods between the first connecting rod 181 and the second connecting rod 182 can be connected through curved connecting parts. 184 to connect.
  • the lengths of the first link 181 and the second link 182 can be zero, that is, the components between the first link 181 and the second link 182 can be directly fixed. Connected to the support inflow end 113 and the pull wire composite ring 124.
  • a reinforcing net 14 may also be provided.
  • the reinforcing net 14 is provided at the anchoring part. 10 and adjacent fasteners 13, the anchoring part 10 and the fastener 13 are connected through a reinforcing net 14.
  • the existence of the reinforcing net 14 can increase the radial support strength of the middle part of the stent and can also isolate the native leaflets. , to further fix the position of the valve prosthesis stent in the aortic root.
  • a large number of hollow parts can be formed in the reinforcement mesh 14, which effectively reduces the weight of the heart valve stent and facilitates compression.
  • the reinforcing net 14 has a diamond-shaped structure as a whole, and the widths of the pillars constituting the reinforcing net 14 are larger at both ends and smaller in the middle.
  • the present valve prosthesis and its valve prosthesis stent 1 may also have the following details or features:
  • the pulling wire is connected to the positioning member 12', and an external force can be applied to the positioning member 12' through the pulling wire to change the position of the positioning member relative to the axis of the bracket. Open the angle.
  • external force can also be applied to the positioning member 12' through other suitable components, such as applying external force through a connecting rod.
  • the use of pull wires can ensure that the valve prosthesis has a smaller force in a compressed state. Small size, easy to transport.
  • the positioning member 12' is controlled by a pull wire, and the positioning member 12' is relative to the valve prosthesis stent 1 under the control of the pull wire.
  • the opening angle range of the axis is 20° ⁇ 60°, such as 21°, 23°, 25°, 28°, 30°, 33°, 35°, 38°, 40°, 43°, 45°, 48°, 50°, 53°, 55°, 58°, 60°, when the positioning part 12 is captured or aligned with the non-closed surface of the native valve leaflet, the valve prosthesis stent 1 can be opened and updated without moving the valve prosthesis stent 1 horizontally.
  • a large angle can obtain a larger radial extension size, and align the positioning member 12' with the non-closed surface of the native valve leaflet, so that the positioning member 12' of the valve prosthesis stent 1 can smoothly capture the native valve leaflet.
  • the positioning member 12' is controlled by a pull wire, and the positioning member 12' is relative to the valve prosthesis stent 1 under the control of the pull wire.
  • the opening angle range of the axis is 60° to 90°, and a larger angle is opened here, for example, close to 90°.
  • Another main purpose of the opening angle is to remedy the failure of the positioning member 12' to capture the native valve leaflet, that is, although the positioning member 12' fails to capture the native valve leaflet.
  • the pull wire controls the positioning member 12' to open a larger angle before capturing the native leaflets (as shown in Figure 13) to facilitate the capture of the native leaflets, and then push the positioning member 12' into the non-closed surface of the native leaflets (as shown in Figure 14 (shown) is about to move the valve prosthesis stent 1 toward the ventricle.
  • the native valve leaflets move during the pushing of the positioning member 12', poor angle of the imaging equipment, unclear development, etc., resulting in observation errors and other reasons, the positioning may be damaged.
  • the component 12' failed to be successfully inserted into the non-closed surface of the native valve leaflet.
  • the traditional valve prosthesis stent 1 which cannot control the opening angle of the positioning component 12', can only retreat the valve prosthesis stent 1, that is, withdraw the positioning component 12'.
  • the non-closed surface of the native valve leaflet is used to capture the native valve leaflet again.
  • the positioning member 12' can be opened to a larger angle, such as 75°, 76°, 77°, 78°, 79°, 80°.
  • the native valve leaflet will not be inserted
  • the inflow end of the non-closed surface positioning member 12' is opened to a position higher than the outflow end of the uncaptured native valve leaflets, and then the positioning member 12' is lowered to realize the secondary capture of the native valve leaflets.
  • the body stent 1 is in a compressed state, so there is enough space in the aorta to open the positioning member 12'.
  • the inflow end of the positioning member 12' may touch the aortic wall, its duration is short, that is, it will not be opened later.
  • the inflow end of the positioning member 12' no longer touches the aortic wall, and is opened when the valve prosthesis stent 1 is in a compressed state, that is, when the valve prosthesis stent 1 is compressed, the positioning member 12' will not form an excessively large
  • the horizontal outer contour size of the valve prosthesis stent 1 does not produce a large force on the aortic wall, so the positioning member 12' can open a relatively large angle under the control of the pull wire to capture the native valve leaflets for a second time.
  • the positioning part 12' is provided with a fitting part, and the pulling wire is connected to the positioning part through the fitting part.
  • the fitting part can Any structure that can be connected to a guy wire, such as a hole, slot, or boss.
  • the fitting part may be one or more wire-drawing holes directly provided at the inflow end of the positioning member 12 ′.
  • the cable hole 77 is used to pass the cable through, and the cable is used to control the positioning member 12' to open to a larger angle through the cable hole 77.
  • a wire pull ring 7A is provided inside the inflow end of the positioning member 12', where the inside of the inflow end of the positioning member 12' refers to the positioning member 12'.
  • the upper side for example, the positioning member 12' in the figure is a V-shaped structure as a whole, and its concave side (that is, the upper side) is its inner side. Since the cable hole 77 is directly provided at the inflow end of the positioning member 12', the strength of the inflow end of the positioning member 12' may be reduced, which is not conducive to the compression and expansion of the inflow end of the positioning member 12'. Therefore, a wire pull hole 77 is provided inside the inflow end of the positioning member 12'.
  • the cable ring 7A is further provided with a cable hole 77. The cable hole 77 is used to pass the cable through, and the cable is used to control the positioning member 12' to open to a larger angle through the cable hole 77.
  • the wire pull hole 77 is configured to be identifiable by X-rays.
  • the inflow end of the traditional positioning member is provided with a marker "marker” (the marker is radiopaque).
  • the marker is radiopaque.
  • the setting of the “marker” facilitates the positioning and implantation of the stent to a certain extent, there are There is a risk of the “marker” falling off. If the “marker” falls off and enters other organs along with the blood flow, this will seriously affect the safety of the user.
  • the surface of the cable composite ring is provided with an X-ray opaque marking layer or a high-density metal plating is added to the surface of the cable composite ring, so that the cable composite ring can be seen more clearly under X-rays.
  • the cable ring 7A can be made into a special shape, such as a gourd type, a prismatic shape, and a prismatic shape as shown in the figure. , oval, triangular star, cat's claw, etc., to facilitate the operator to quickly identify the cable pull ring 7A, which can replace the mark "marker".
  • a gourd type such as a gourd type, a prismatic shape, and a prismatic shape as shown in the figure. , oval, triangular star, cat's claw, etc.
  • a pull wire composite ring 124 is provided inside the inflow end of the positioning member 12, where the inside of the inflow end of the positioning member 12 is a designated positioning member.
  • the positioning member 12 as shown in the figure is a V-shaped structure as a whole, and its concave side (ie, the upper side) is its inner side. Since the positioning member 12 needs to capture the native leaflets, the positioning member The position of the inflow end of the positioning member 12 is particularly important. In order to clearly display the position of the inflow end of the positioning member 12 on the imaging device, the inflow end portion of the pull wire composite ring 124 is used for development.
  • a marker embedding hole is opened at the inflow end of the composite ring 124, and a marker "marker” is embedded in the marker embedding hole (the marker “marker” is radiopaque) to facilitate precise positioning and implantation of the positioning component 12 and ensure that the positioning component 12 can accurately capture the native leaflets and insert into the sinus bottom
  • the outflow end of the pull wire composite ring 124 is provided with a pull wire hole 77, the pull wire hole 77 is used to pass the pull wire, and the pull wire is used to control the positioning member 12 through the pull wire hole 77 Opening a larger angle makes it easier for the positioning member 12 to capture the native leaflets, reducing the difficulty of operation.
  • the wire-pulling composite ring 124 structure provided at the inflow end of the positioning member 12 combines the wire-pulling control and development functions into one position (the wire-pulling composite ring 124). , effectively improving the space utilization of the product.
  • the cable composite ring 124 is in the shape of a gourd in Figure 1, its shape includes but is not limited to the shape of a gourd.
  • the cable composite ring 124 It can be a rectangle, triangle, oval, etc., and it can also use a specific shape to assist in identification, such as a gourd shape, a triangular star shape, a prism shape, a cat's claw shape, and an oval shape in the imaging device. The shape is more conducive to observation.
  • a mark is inserted into a hole and a marker "marker" is embedded in the inflow end of the pull wire composite ring 124 (as shown in Figure 1).
  • a marker "marker” is embedded in the inflow end of the pull wire composite ring 124 (as shown in Figure 1).
  • the cable composite ring 124 includes a connecting rod 702 and a cable ring 701 .
  • a C-shaped piece can be installed on the connecting rod 702 703, the C-type piece 703 here is configured for development.
  • the C-type piece 703 is made of radiopaque metal, which can present clear images under imaging equipment, and because the C-type piece 703 is wrapped On the connecting rod 702, as shown in Figure 22, the C-shaped component 703 is a component similar to a C-shaped cross section. The opening of the C can be opened and closed for installation on the connecting rod 702.
  • the C-shaped component The side of 703 away from the axis of the valve prosthesis stent 1 is a C-shaped outer wall 70301, and the side walls clamped on both sides of the connecting rod 702 in the circumferential direction are C-shaped side walls 70302.
  • the thickness of the C-shaped outer wall 70301 is smaller than the thickness of the C-shaped side walls 70302, because the C-shaped component 703 is wrapped on the connecting rod 702, so the volume of the C-shaped component 703 Relatively larger, it is more convenient for observation and reduces the difficulty of observation.
  • the inflow end of the connecting rod 702 is fixedly connected to the inflow end of the positioning member 12', and the outflow end of the connecting rod 702 is fixedly connected to the cable ring 701.
  • the cable ring 701 here The maximum outline size is larger than the width (circumferential) size of the connecting rod 702, thereby preventing the C-shaped component 703 from sliding off the connecting rod 702, and firmly restricting the C-shaped component 703 between the inner side of the inflow end of the positioning member 12 and the cable ring 701 , the cable ring 701 is provided with a cable hole 77, the cable hole 77 is used to pass the cable through, and the cable is used to control the positioning member 12 to open to a larger angle through the cable hole 77.
  • the positioning member 12 may include a wire composite ring 124, and the wire composite ring 124 is fixedly connected to the positioning member 12, And is located inside the side of the positioning member facing the outflow end of the valve prosthesis stent 1.
  • the pull wire composite ring 124 includes a first through hole 1241 and a second through hole 1242. The first through hole 1241 and the second through hole 1242.
  • the hole 1241 is used for development, for example, by installing a mark
  • the second through hole 1242 is suitable for penetrating a pull wire
  • the second through hole 1242 is closer to the valve prosthesis stent 1 than the first through hole 1241 outflow end.
  • the diameter of the first through hole 1241 is larger than the diameter of the second through hole 1242 .
  • the cable composite ring structure provided at the inflow end of the positioning member 12 combines the installation of the cable and the "marker" (the marker is radiopaque) into one position, effectively reducing the space occupied by the product. Using one position, the opening and closing control and positioning of the positioning member 12 can be realized, which not only improves the compression performance of the product and facilitates the delivery of the product using the catheter, but also helps reduce the difficulty of surgical operations by opening the positioning member.
  • the pull-wire composite ring structure has two through holes. The large hole is for placing marker points to facilitate accurate positioning of implantation and ensure that the positioning part touches the sinus bottom.
  • the small hole is convenient for penetrating the pull-wire.
  • the positioning part is controlled by the pull-wire.
  • the open angle makes it easy to capture the valve leaflets and reduce the difficulty of operation.
  • the positioning member can be pulled toward the outside of the heart valve stent by pulling the wire.
  • the surface of the first through hole 1241 is provided with an X-ray opaque marking layer or a high-density metal plating layer; or, the outer contour of the wire pull composite ring 124 is set in a gourd shape, a three-pointed star shape, or a three-pointed star shape.
  • the prism type or cat claw type so as to achieve the development effect during the operation.
  • the pull wire composite ring 124 is provided at the inflow end of the positioning member and is tilted inward relative to the axis of the stent to prevent slight shaking after the stent is released or released, so that the pull wire composite
  • the outflow end of the ring 124 contacts the aortic wall and damages the aorta. In severe cases, aortic dissection may occur in the patient, thereby threatening the patient's life.
  • the heart is in the diastolic phase. (left ventricular diastole).
  • the blood in the aorta will reversely impact the artificial valve leaflets.
  • the blood may reflux along the gap between the native aortic valve leaflets and the valve prosthesis stent 1, which is obviously tight.
  • the distance between the inflow end of the fastener 13' and the inflow end of the anchoring part 10' is short, and the upper part of the fastener 13' is not covered with a film, so the possibility of backflow is high.
  • Embodiment 2 For example, as shown in Figures 15 and 24, the inflow end portion of the fastener 13' exhibits a water drop-shaped structure in the compressed state, while the inflow end portion of the fastener 13' is in the expanded state.
  • the U-shaped structure greatly reduces the opening size of the inflow end of the fastener 13' when the valve prosthesis stent 1 is working, effectively preventing blood from refluxing through the inflow end of the fastener 13', or causing The blood reflux is within the allowable range, and a large amount of blood reflux will not occur through the inflow end of the fastener 13'.
  • the inflow end portion of the positioning member 12' in a compressed state It presents a water drop-shaped structure.
  • This design not only cooperates with the fastener 13', but also the positioning member 12' when capturing the native aortic valve leaflets.
  • the circumferential size of the inflow end of the positioning member 12' is relatively small, making it easier to capture.
  • the leaflets are native to the aorta and inserted into the aortic sinus.
  • a reinforced support part 6 is provided inside the fastener 13', and the outflow end of the reinforced support part 6 is connected and fastened.
  • Part 13', the inflow end of the reinforced support part is connected to the anchoring part 10', the main function of the reinforced support part 6 is to increase the circumferential support force of the valve prosthesis stent 1, and at the same time provide a coating for the valve prosthesis stent 1
  • the reinforced support part 6 can be composed of several single connecting rods without intersecting structures, such as two independent connecting rods or four connecting rods.
  • the rods are composed independently (as shown in Figures 25 and 26), or they can be formed by a cross structure of several connecting rods to form a rhombus grid, and then the reinforced support part 6 is formed through the rhombus grid (as shown in Figure 27), or by It is formed by a combination of the two (as shown in Figure 28).
  • the reinforced support part 6 may have one connection point or multiple connection points with the anchoring part 10'.
  • the reinforcing support part 6 may be provided instead of the reinforcing mesh 14 .
  • the inflow end of the fastener 13' is not connected to the anchoring portion 10', and the fastener 13 '
  • the anchoring part 10' is connected by reinforcing the supporting part 6, so that the anchoring part 10' is not directly connected to the fastener 13', so that the anchoring part 10' has a certain degree of flexibility relative to the fastener 13', improving
  • the main function of the reinforced support part 6 is to connect the anchoring part 10' and the fastener 13', and at the same time increase the circumferential support force of the valve prosthesis stent 1, and at the same time provide support for the valve prosthesis stent 1.
  • the membrane 91 provides a fixing point.
  • the inflow end of the fastener 13' is fixedly connected to the anchoring portion 10', forming a relatively stable structure.
  • the support member 11 includes a first support arm 111 and a second support arm 112 .
  • the arm 112 is connected at the inflow end of the support 11 .
  • Both the support member 11 and the positioning member 12 have a roughly V-shaped structure as shown in the figure, and are both facing the inflow end of the valve prosthesis stent. This design can leave more space at the outflow end of the support member 11.
  • the valve prosthesis stent 1 has a compressed state and an expanded state.
  • the first support arm 111 and the second support arm 112 are linear. This arrangement enables the adjacent first support arm 111 and the second support arm 112 to be fully close together when compressed.
  • the linear structure can ensure that the two will not interfere during compression. Therefore, the purpose of the first positioning arm and the second positioning arm being linear is also to fully close together without interference during compression.
  • the bracket can be machined using a steel pipe.
  • the linear design facilitates processing, shortens the processing path, and reduces processing costs.
  • the width of the fastener 13 is wider than the width of the support member 11 and the positioning member 12 to provide strong support.
  • the support member 11 has a first opening angle
  • the positioning member 12 has a second opening angle outward
  • the positioning member 12 has a second opening angle.
  • the second opening angle is 4°-14°
  • the first opening angle is smaller than the second opening angle.
  • the positioning member 12 and the fastener 13 create a certain opening angle.
  • the positioning member 12 can not only position the valve prosthesis stent 1, but also prevent the valve prosthesis stent 1 from shifting toward the left ventricle and promote the distal end of the artificial valve leaflet to align with the distal end of the native valve leaflet.
  • Alignment allows it to restore the function of the native valve leaflets to the greatest extent, serve as a better replacement for the native valve leaflets, minimize the impact of human intervention on the aortic valve structure, reduce the impact on blood flow, and reduce the occurrence of thrombus.
  • the setting of the second opening angle of 4°-14° enables the positioning member 12 and the fastener 13 to clamp the native valve after the valve prosthesis stent 1 is completely released, and prevent the native valve from moving freely, while ensuring The native valve leaflets fit closely with the stent, reducing paravalvular leakage.
  • the support member 11 includes a support member cable ring 114 suitable for penetrating the cable, and the support member cable ring 114 is disposed on The inflow end of the support 11.
  • the support member pulling wire ring 114 makes it easy to form an angle between the supporting member 11 and the axis of the valve prosthesis stent 1 by pulling the wire, so as to easily capture the native valve leaf.
  • valve prosthesis stent 1 when the valve prosthesis stent 1 is in a compressed state, the position of the support member pull wire ring 114 is axially aligned with the position of the pull wire composite ring 124, so that the valve prosthesis stent 1 is in a compressed state. 1 is more compact overall.
  • the support member cable ring 114 is tilted outward relative to the support member 11.
  • the support member cable ring 114 is inclined outward relative to the support member 11.
  • the ring 114 is tilted outward at an angle ⁇ of 100°-160° relative to the support 11, so that the support wire ring is tilted outward relative to the axis of the stent.
  • Such an arrangement prevents the support wire ring from interfering with the artificial valve.
  • the leaflet, and at this time, the wire ring of the support member 11 faces the valve, which can make the valve more securely fixed between the support member 11 and the positioning member 12 .
  • this modification can reduce the difficulty of clamping the native leaflets between the positioning member and the support member in Embodiment 1 or 2.
  • a support pull wire ring 114 is added to the inflow end of the support member 11, and a support wire ring 114 is added to the inflow end of the support member 11.
  • a pull wire 3001 controls the positioning member 12, and a pull wire 3002 controls the support member 11, so that the positioning member 12 opens outward, thereby limiting the outward bending angle of the support member, thereby forming a larger gap between the two, making it easier to clamp the native valve leaflets. between the positioning member 12 and the supporting member 11.
  • each positioning member 12 includes a first positioning arm 121 and a second positioning arm 122 .
  • the two positioning arms 122 are connected at the inflow end of the positioning member.
  • the fastener 13 includes a first fastening arc 131 and a second fastening arc 132.
  • the first fastening arc 131 and the second fastening arc 132 are connected at the inflow end of the fastener.
  • the valve prosthesis stent 1 has a compressed state and an extended state. As shown in FIG. 3 , in the compressed state of the valve prosthesis stent 1 , the first positioning arm 121 and the second positioning arm 122 are linear.
  • the purpose of designing the first positioning arm 121 and the second positioning arm 122 to be linear is to facilitate compression and occupy the smallest space when full compression is performed. It can be understood that the compressed state of the valve prosthesis stent 1 can facilitate the delivery of the valve prosthesis stent 1 in the human body during replacement surgery.
  • the inflow end of the positioning member 12 is The vertical distance H1 between the inflow end of the valve prosthesis stent 1 and the farthest end of the valve prosthesis stent 1 is 4mm-8mm. In a preferred embodiment, the distance is 6 mm, and the length of this size is approximately equal to the axial length of the anchoring part 10 after expansion. If the size is too large, the inflow end of the anchoring part 10 will easily touch the His bundle. , causing heart block and affecting the normal beating of the heart.
  • the member 13' has a cooperating shape, that is, the positioning member 12' is substantially the same and conformal as the fastener 13', and the native leaflets of the heart valve are clamped between the positioning member 12' and the fastener. 13', since the shape of the positioning member 12' is roughly the same as the fastener 13', the native leaflets can be firmly and effectively fixed.
  • the outflow end of the artificial valve leaflet can cooperate with the extension rod 4 to form a longer closed section of the outflow end of the artificial valve leaflet in the axial direction, increasing the The mutual sealing of the artificial valve leaflets 9 is ensured, because the extension rod 4 is arranged on the upper side of the outflow end of the fastener 13', so that the outflow end of the artificial valve leaflet is closer to the valve than the outflow end of the fastener 13'.
  • the axial length of the valve leaflet 9 prevents the shortening of the axial length of the unclosed interval of the artificial valve leaflet 9 due to increasing the length of the closed interval of the artificial valve leaflet, because the flexibility of the artificial valve leaflet that is too short is relatively weak, thus This makes it relatively difficult to open and close the artificial valve leaflets 9.
  • the axial growth of the closed section of the outflow end of the artificial valve leaflets by extending the rod 4 will not affect the axial length of the non-closed section of the artificial valve leaflets 9.
  • a leaflet suture hole 401 is provided inside the extension rod 4, and the leaflet suture hole 401 is connected with the artificial valve leaflet.
  • the two ends of the outflow ends of the valve leaflets 9 are fixedly connected, and the outflow ends of the adjacent artificial valve leaflets 9 are closely combined and abutted together through the leaflet suture holes 401, effectively preventing the blood from being reversed through the closure of the outflow end of the artificial valve leaflets 9 flow.
  • the positioning member 12' since the positioning member 12' needs to be inserted into the bottom of the aortic sinus, during diastole, that is, the left ventricle is in In the diastolic state, the aortic valve (artificial heart valve/valve prosthesis stent 1) is closed to prevent blood from flowing back from the aorta to the heart. Therefore, the artificial heart valve needs to withstand a certain reverse pressure to prevent blood from flowing back. Because The positioning piece 12' is inserted into the aortic sinus, so the inflow end of the positioning piece 12' will press down the bottom of the aortic sinus.
  • the inflow end of the positioning piece 12' is made It is relatively flat and increases the contact area between the inflow end of the positioning member 12' and the aortic sinus bottom. Therefore, the second arc segment and the third arc segment on both sides of the inflow end of the positioning member 12' are located within the circle (O1). The diameter is smaller than the diameter of the circle (O2) where the edge of the first arc segment of the middle part on both sides of the inflow end of the positioning member 12' is located. Furthermore, the inflow end of the positioning member 12' can also be wrapped, for example, with an artificial valve leaflet. 9 The same material wraps the inflow end of the positioning member 12' to form a relatively soft inflow end of the positioning member 12'.
  • the number of positioning members 12 is three provided in the circumferential direction of the stent.
  • the outflow end of the positioning member 12' has a wavy section. It is a wavy line curved rod structure 201.
  • the outflow end of the positioning member 12' corresponds to the outflow end of the native leaflet. That is, the free end of the native valve leaflet, the wavy curved rod structure 201 increases the contact area between the positioning member 12' and the native valve leaflet, effectively increasing the stability of the positioning member 12' holding the native valve leaflet.
  • the opening deformation of the positioning member 12' can be carried out by bending the wavy line bending rod structure 201 to open the positioning member 12', thereby reducing the stress at the outflow end connection of the positioning member 12' The deformation amplitude reduces the damage to the outflow end connection of the positioning member 12' caused by its deformation stress.
  • the wavy line bending rod structure 201 also makes the positioning member 12' have a certain elasticity in the axial direction. During diastole, When blocking blood reflux, it can buffer the impact of blood reflux and reduce the damage to the aortic sinus bottom caused by the inflow end of the positioning member 12'.
  • the bending amplitude of the wavy line bending rod structure 201 is relatively large, such as S-shape, or the wavy line bending rod structure 201 formed by alternating transverse U-shaped structural rods, which can effectively increase the positioning member 12' Elasticity in the axial direction.
  • the anchoring part 10' is formed by connecting circumferentially connected rhombus grids 100', so that the anchoring part 10' itself can easily Compression and transportation.
  • the width of the rod 101' constituting the anchoring portion 10' is smaller at the center and larger at the two ends. Because the width of the two ends of the rod 101' is the widest, the position of the rod 101' near the connection area of the rhombus grid 100' is the widest and the most difficult to deform, so greater stress will be generated during the process of compression and expansion. It is easy to cause the rod 101' to break near the connection area of the rhombus grid 100'. By increasing the bending structure, the bending stress of the rod 101' near the connection area of the diamond grid 100' is reduced, and the compression and self-expansion process of the anchoring part of the stent can be prevented to prevent the rod from breaking.
  • the connecting areas of adjacent rhombus grids 100 ′ extend a predetermined length along the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the valve prosthesis stent respectively.
  • the Adjacent diamond grid connection areas include recessed curved structures 102'. The effect of the curved structure of the diamond-shaped grid connecting areas prevents the rods that make up the anchors from breaking.
  • the inflow end of the anchoring part 10 is expanded relative to the outflow end, that is, it can be understood that the extension direction of the anchoring part 10 from the outflow end to the inflow end is expanded relative to the central axis of the stent, so that the The diameter of the outflow end of the anchoring part is smaller than the diameter of the inflow end of the anchoring part, and the angle of expansion is 6°-14°.
  • the reason for the need for external expansion is to prevent the lightweight heart valve stent from displacing toward the aorta and acting as an anchor. At the same time, the reason for not creating an excessively large angle is to prevent contact with the His bundle, thereby affecting the normal beating of the heart and endangering life.
  • the outflow end of the positioning member 12 is provided with a connection portion 15 , and the connection portion 15 is used to connect to the delivery system.
  • the valve prosthesis stent 1 may include three supporting members, positioning members, fasteners and connecting members with the same structure. Adjacent connecting parts are connected through supporting parts, positioning parts and fasteners. At the same time, adjacent support parts, positioning parts and fasteners are connected through connecting parts.
  • the heart valve stent When the heart valve stent is in its extended state, it is essentially cylindrical.
  • the outflow ends of the native leaflets of the heart valve may be sandwiched between the support member and the positioning member (not shown in the figure). Of course, in other embodiments, the native leaflets may not be sandwiched between the two.
  • the connecting portion 15 includes a connecting web 150 and a connecting block 151.
  • the inflow end of the connecting web 150 is connected to the outflow end of the positioning member 12, and the outflow end of the connecting web 150 is connected to the positioning member 12.
  • the connecting block 151 has a circumferential width greater than the circumferential width of the connecting web 150.
  • the connecting portion 15 in order to better cooperate with the conveying device for transportation, includes a connecting web. The plate 150 and the connecting block 151, the inflow end of the connecting web 150 is connected to the outflow end of the positioning member 12, the outflow end of the connecting web 150 is connected to the connecting block 151, the circumferential width of the connecting block 151 is larger than the connecting block 151.
  • the circumferential width of the web 150 can facilitate the connection and separation of the distal end 300 of the delivery system and the outflow end of the valve prosthesis stent 1.
  • the distal end 300 of the delivery system (this embodiment) will be described with reference to Figures 33 and 34.
  • the "distal end” refers to the working principle of the delivery system (the side away from the end controlled by the user).
  • the valve prosthesis stent 1 is in a compressed state.
  • the distal end 300 of the delivery system includes an outer Conduit 301, the outer conduit 301 is provided with a middle conduit 304 inside, the distal end of the middle conduit 304 is provided with a groove 30401 that matches the connection part 15 of the valve prosthesis stent 1, and the circumferential width of the outflow end of the connection part 15 is The circumferential width of the connecting web 150 is larger than the groove 30401 corresponding to the distal shape of the central catheter 304.
  • the distal size of the groove 30401 can pass through the connecting web 150 but cannot pass through the connecting block 151, so that the valve prosthesis stent
  • the connecting part 15 of 1 can be stably limited in the groove 30401 in the axial direction, and the outer conduit 301 surrounds the middle conduit 304, so that the connecting part 15 of the valve prosthesis stent 1 cannot pop out of the groove 30401, and at the same time,
  • the outflow end of the valve prosthesis stent 1 is in a compressed state, and an inner conduit 302 is provided inside the middle conduit 304.
  • the inner conduit 302 passes through the interior of the valve prosthesis stent 1, and the distal end of the inner conduit 302 is connected to a sleeve 303.
  • the sleeve 303 is arranged outside the distal part of the inner catheter 302. There is a gap for installing the valve prosthesis stent 1 between the sleeve 303 and the inner catheter 302.
  • the sleeve 303 connects the inflow end of the valve prosthesis stent 1, including positioning.
  • the inflow end of the member 12, the support member 11, etc. is compressed inside its sleeve 303, that is, the gap between the sleeve 303 and the inner conduit 302, thereby keeping the inflow end of the valve prosthesis stent 1 in a compressed state, and finally the valve prosthesis is
  • the stent 1 is transported in a compressed state.
  • the inner catheter 302 and the sleeve 303 are previously pushed, so that the positioning member 12 is released from the sleeve 303.
  • the catheter 304 drives the valve prosthesis stent 1 to move backward to release the positioning member 12 from the sleeve 303.
  • the positioning member 12 can be aligned with the aortic native valve leaflets, and the outer catheter 301 and the middle catheter 304 (or outer catheter 304) can be pushed forward.
  • connection part 15 of the outflow end of the valve prosthesis stent 1 has no expansion resistance in the radial direction. Under the expansion effect of the valve prosthesis stent 1, the connection part 15 moves from the groove. 30401, so that the outflow end of the valve prosthesis stent 1 is separated from the distal end 300 of the delivery system, thereby completing the complete release of the entire valve prosthesis stent 1, and then the delivery system is withdrawn from the human body, and the valve prosthesis stent 1 will remain stably in In the heart.
  • the connecting part 15, especially the connecting plate 151 is designed to be inclined toward the central axis to form a gathered structure.
  • the angle of retraction is 3-10°.
  • the valve leaflet suture hole 401 can be designed to protrude to the periphery, or the valve leaflet passes through the valve leaflet suture hole 401 to form an outward protrusion. structure.
  • the anchoring part 10' is also provided with barbs 1001, and the barbs 1001 are provided on the The inflow end of the anchoring portion 10' extends toward the outflow end of the anchoring portion.
  • the barbs 1001 interfere with the valve annulus to prevent the stent from moving away from the heart along the aorta.
  • the barbs can be provided with 3, 6, etc. in the circumferential direction, evenly distributed to maintain uniform stress.
  • the extension direction of the barb 1001 is inclined outward relative to the anchoring portion.
  • the extension direction of the barb 1001 and the inclination angle relative to the anchoring part are 5° ⁇ 15°.
  • the ratio of the length of the barb 1001 to the length of the rhombus grid 100' is 1:5 to 1:10, such an arrangement makes the stent normal When released, the free end of the barb does not contact the valve annulus. When the stent is displaced by the upward impact of blood flow, the barb interferes with the valve annulus to prevent the stent from further upward displacement and enters the stent to prevent axial movement of the stent. effect.
  • the barb 1001 is disposed in the rhombus grid 100' just below the inflow end of the positioning member 12'. Such an arrangement can ensure that the barb 1001 is located in the diamond grid directly below the inflow end of the retaining arch. At this time, the barb is facing the middle of the native valve leaflet held by the corresponding retaining arch, which is conducive to interference between the barb and the valve annulus. Prevents the stent from moving along the aorta away from the heart.
  • the reinforcing mesh 14 may include a first self-expanding arc 141 , a second self-expanding arc 141 , and a second self-expanding arc 141 arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the stent.
  • One end of the first self-expanding arc 141 is fixedly connected to the first fastening arc 131 of the fastener, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second fastening arc 132 of the adjacent fastener, and faces the inflow end of the valve prosthesis stent.
  • Both ends of the second self-expanding arc 142 are respectively fixedly connected to the first self-expanding arc 141 and protrude toward the outflow end of the stent.
  • One end of the third self-expanding arc is fixedly connected to the first fastening arc of the fastener, the other end is fixedly connected to the second fastening arc 132 of the adjacent fastener, and is raised toward the inflow end of the valve prosthesis stent. .
  • the first fastening arc of the fastener and the second fastening arc of the adjacent fastener form a third A rounded corner 144;
  • the second self-expanding arc has a second rounded corner 145, and
  • the third self-expanding arc has a third rounded corner 146.
  • the third fillet 146 is not larger than the first fillet 144 formed by its corresponding adjacent fastening arc, because the closer to the connection point of the outflow end of the fastener, the smaller the space, that is, the smaller the pillars that constitute the valve prosthesis stent of the present invention are.
  • the distance between the expanding arms III will be smaller than the distance between the two fastening arcs, so the two self-expanding arms III will be very close. Therefore, the excessively large third fillet 146 will prevent the two self-expanding arms III from approaching each other.
  • the second fillet 145 is larger than the fillet formed by the connection of the two self-expanding arms II 1421 of the corresponding second self-expanding arc 142 .
  • the width of the first self-expanding arc is greater than the width of the second self-expanding arc and the third self-expanding arc.
  • the size of the first self-expanding arc is larger than that of the second self-expanding arc and the third self-expanding arc, and its span is also the largest. Therefore, the first self-expanding arc needs to provide greater radial support force to ensure its stable support. performance, so the width of the first self-expanding arc is wider.
  • the reinforced network configuration composed of the first self-expanding arc, the second self-expanding arc, and the third self-expanding arc, it can not only still prevent the native valve from invading the artificial valve, but also solve the problem of This solves the problem of weak radial support between adjacent fastening arcs and insufficient self-expansion.
  • the reinforcing mesh 14 is composed of a curved self-expanding arc 147 , a connecting grid 148 and a third self-expanding arc 143 .
  • the curved self-expanding arc 147 is composed of four sections, namely curved arm I1471, curved arm II1472, curved arm III1473, and curved arm IV1474.
  • the curved arms I and IV are respectively connected to the fastening arc at 0.25 to 0.33 close to the inflow end (the fastener is composed of two fastening arcs).
  • connection grid includes two connection arms 1481.
  • the inflow end positions of the two connecting arms 1481 are connected to each other, and their joints are fixedly connected to the self-expanding arc.
  • the lengths of the curved arm I, the curved arm II, the curved arm III, and the curved arm IV of the curved self-expanding arc are equal.
  • the outflow ends of the connecting arms are connected to each other, and their connections are fixedly connected to the third self-expanding arc.
  • the third self-expanding arc includes two self-expanding arms III, in which the outflow end of the self-expanding arm III is connected to the fastening arc, and the connection The point is close to the Q length of the outflow end of the fastening arc.
  • the Q value is less than or equal to 1/4 of the fastening arc length.
  • the length Z of the self-expanding arm III is not less than 0.8Q, so that the connection grid will support the third self-expanding arc and
  • the curved self-expanding arc promotes the self-expansion of the reflux stent to a certain extent, and does not block the pulling of the third self-expanding arc and the curved self-expanding arc, thereby affecting the expansion of the reflux stent.
  • the axial height H of the connection grid is the third self-expansion arc.
  • the distance between the self-expanding arc and the curved self-expanding arc will increase with the expansion of the reflux stent, so that the purpose of supporting the third self-expanding arc and the curved self-expanding arc cannot be achieved, so the length Z taken from the self-expanding arm III is not Less than 0.8Q, of which the range from 0.6 to 0.8 is mainly used as a coefficient buffer.
  • the first self-expanding arc 141 is composed of two self-expanding arms I 1411.
  • the outflow ends of the two self-expanding arms I are fixedly connected to the middle positions of the two fastening arcs.
  • the inflow ends of the two self-expanding arms I are connected to each other, and the connection and the anchoring part are also fixedly connected.
  • the second self-expanding arc 142 is composed of two self-expanding arms II 1421.
  • the inflow ends of the two self-expanding arms II are fixedly connected to the middle positions of the two self-expanding arms I, and the outflow ends of the two self-expanding arms II are connected.
  • the length of the self-expanding arm II is not greater than half of the length of the self-expanding arm I.
  • the length of the self-expanding arm II is half of the length of the self-expanding arm I.
  • the third self-expanding arc 143 is composed of two self-expanding arms III 1431.
  • the outflow ends of the two self-expanding arms III are fixedly connected to the 1/4 of the two fastening arcs close to the outflow ends.
  • the inflow ends of the two self-expanding arms II connected.
  • the length of the self-expanding arm III is not greater than half the length of the self-expanding arm II.
  • the length of the self-expanding arm III is half of the length of the self-expanding arm II.
  • the first self-expansion arc 141, the second self-expansion arc 142 and the third self-expansion arc 143 are provided.
  • this does not mean that the reinforced mesh is only provided with three self-expansion arcs.
  • the second self-expansion arc can be A new self-expanding arc is set inside the arc 142, and the fillet formed by the connection of the two self-expanding arms of the new self-expanding arc is not larger than the fillet formed by the connection of the two self-expanding arms of the corresponding second self-expanding arc 142 II1421
  • the rounded corners, and the width of the self-expanding arm of the new self-expanding arc is smaller than the self-expanding arm of the connected self-expanding arc, so as to reduce the space occupation rate.
  • the new self-expanding arc can also be set with a new self-expanding arc.
  • a new self-expanding arc can also be set on the inside of the third self-expanding arc, but the total number of self-expanding arcs of the reinforcing mesh should not exceed 5, so as not to affect the compression performance of the valve prosthesis stent.
  • the coupling arms of the coupling grid 148 can also be provided with coupling holes, and one or more coupling holes can be provided on each coupling arm.
  • the coupling hole is provided on The middle part of the connecting arm.
  • the coupling holes are evenly distributed on the coupling arms. At this time, pass the suture thread through the connecting holes on the two connecting arms respectively, and tighten the suture thread.
  • the suture thread used here is elastic, and the inflow end of the valve prosthesis stent can be controlled to expand slowly by pulling the thread, reducing the risk of Effects such as beating on the aortic wall or native valve leaflets.
  • the coupling lattice will provide a greater force to support the third self-expanding arc and the curved self-expanding arc, thus further promoting the opening of the third self-expanding arc and the curved self-expanding arc, so that the reflux stent can Self-expansion achieves the desired effect.
  • the connecting arms In order to realize that the two connecting arms of the connecting lattice can bend to both sides respectively when expanding, the connecting arms have an arc structure. Compared with the connecting lattice, the concave surface of the arc structure faces inward and the convex surface of the arc structure faces outside.
  • the structural unit of the anchoring part is a diamond-shaped structure.
  • the structural unit of the reinforcing mesh at the inflow end of the reinforcing mesh shares a vertex with an anchoring structural unit of the anchoring part.
  • the fastening arcs of fasteners share one or two edges.
  • the reinforcement mesh 14 sequentially includes three layers of interconnected reinforcement mesh structural units, and the first layer includes a reinforcement mesh structural unit. , the second layer includes two reinforced mesh structural units, and the third layer includes one reinforced mesh structural unit.
  • the reinforcing mesh structural unit of the first layer shares an edge with the second fastening arc of the fastener on its left side, and shares an edge with the first fastening arc of the fastener on its right side.
  • the reinforced mesh structural unit on the left side of the second layer shares an edge with the second fastening arc of the fastener on its left side, and the reinforced mesh structural unit on the right side of the second layer shares the first fastening arc of the fastener on its right side.
  • the reinforced mesh structural unit of the third layer shares a vertex with the anchoring portion structural unit.
  • the reinforcing mesh structural unit connection areas of the second layer of the reinforcing mesh extend a predetermined length along the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the valve prosthesis stent respectively.
  • the reinforcing mesh structure The unit connection area includes a curved structure recessed towards it. The role of the curved structure in the connection area of the reinforced mesh structural units prevents the rods that make up the reinforced mesh from breaking.
  • the valve prosthesis further includes a covering 91, which is installed inside the valve prosthesis stent, and the outflow end of the covering 91 is connected to the fastener 13', so The inflow end of the coating 91 is connected to the anchoring part 10'.
  • the valve prosthesis also includes an artificial valve leaflet 9.
  • the artificial valve leaflet 9 includes an artificial valve leaflet main body 901 With the artificial valve leaflet ear 902 provided at the outflow end of the artificial valve leaflet body 901, the artificial valve leaflet ear 902 passes through the valve leaflet suture hole 401 and wraps the extension rod 4, and the edge of the inflow end of the artificial valve leaflet 9 is in contact with the coating. 91 is connected, the coating 91 is installed inside the valve prosthesis stent 1, and the outflow end of the coating 91 is connected to the fastener 13', and the inflow end of the coating 91 is connected to the anchoring part 10'.
  • an anti-wear strip 92 is provided at the connection point between the inflow end edge of the artificial valve leaflet body 901 and the coating 91.
  • the anti-wear strip 92 is provided to first increase the inflow end of the artificial valve leaflet 9. Tear resistance, secondly, it reduces the damage to the artificial valve leaflet 9 caused by the friction between the inflow end of the artificial valve leaflet 9 and the coating 91, improves the service life of the artificial valve leaflet 9, and the setting of the anti-wear strip 92 is also equivalent to
  • the buffer layer between the artificial valve leaflets 9 and the coating 91 effectively buffers the tearing force of the artificial valve leaflets 9 on the coating 91 during the opening and closing process, thereby increasing the service life of the artificial heart valve.
  • the wear strip 92 is designed as follows.
  • the wear strip 92 has a folded structure (as shown in FIG. 42 ), that is, the wear strip 92 has a cross-section of U structure, the inflow end edge of the artificial valve leaflet main body 901 is arranged inside the folded anti-wear strip 92, completely wrapping the edge of the artificial valve leaflet main body 901, effectively increasing the tear resistance of the edge of the artificial valve leaflet main body 901 ability, and when using sutures to fix the artificial valve leaflets 9 and the coating 91, compared with using the traditional anti-wear strip 92' (as shown in Figure 41), the traditional anti-wear strip 92' is only located between the artificial valve leaflets 9 and the membrane 91.
  • the connection between the main body 901 of the artificial valve leaflet and the coating 91 will definitely be torn to a certain extent, so the force generated by the suture line located inside the artificial valve leaflet 9 (close to the axis direction of the valve prosthesis stent 1) can easily damage the artificial valve leaflet.
  • the coating 91 and the artificial valve leaflets 9 can be connected with, but are not limited to, traditional wear strips 92' ), and the folded, U-shaped wear strip 92 completely wraps the edge of the artificial valve leaflet main body 901, and the force generated by the suture line fully acts on the wear strip 92, reducing the direct impact of the suture line on the artificial valve leaflet.
  • the tearing force of 9 improves the service life of the artificial heart valve and helps the artificial heart valve work in the human body for a long time.
  • the edges of the artificial valve leaflets 9 are curved, when the wear strips 92 are folded, the material will be extruded and overlapped.
  • the folded portion of the wear strip 92 is provided with 3 to 10 stress notches 1101, thereby reducing the phenomenon of material extrusion and overlap when the wear strip 92 is folded.
  • the stress notch 1101 here can be set outside the folding line 1102, or can be set at Further, the material of the wear strips 92 located inside the folding line 1102 and on both sides of the folding line 1102 may be an integral structure, or may be formed by connecting different materials at the folding line 1102 through sewing, gluing, or other methods.
  • the anti-wear strip 92 and the artificial valve leaflet 9 are made of the same material.
  • the outflow end of the artificial valve leaflet 9 is closer to the outflow end of the valve prosthesis stent 1 than the outflow end of the fastener 13', so that the closed interval formed at the outflow end of the artificial valve leaflet 9 is located closer than the outflow end of the fastener 13'.
  • the outflow end of the firmware 13' is closer to the outflow end of the valve prosthesis stent 1, and the extension rod 4 is effectively used to extend the length of the artificial valve leaflet 9 in the axial direction, preventing artificial valve leaflet 9 from being caused by increasing the length of the closed section of the artificial valve leaflet 9.
  • the axial length of the non-closed interval of the valve leaflet 9 is shortened because the flexibility of the artificial valve leaflet 9 that is too short is relatively weak, making it relatively difficult to open and close the artificial valve leaflet 9.
  • the ear portion of the artificial valve leaflet is inclined downward relative to the upper horizontal line of the main body of the artificial valve leaflet.
  • the main reason for this is: in order to further shorten the length of the stent, the position of the suture hole 401 is further away from the artificial valve leaflet. The distance between the inflow end of the leaflet and the inflow end of the artificial valve leaflet is shorter than the outflow end of the artificial valve leaflet. Therefore, in order to smoothly place the ear of the artificial valve leaflet into the suture hole 401, it needs to be tilted downward.
  • the ears of the two downward-sloping artificial valve leaflets will be parallel to each other under the action of the connecting frame, so at this time, the flat line on the main body of the artificial valve leaflet will bend, which is beneficial to the closure of the artificial valve leaflets.
  • outer skirt 1000 can be made of a strong, durable material, such as woven PET laser cutting or The material can be formed in other ways, and other synthetic or natural materials can also be used.
  • the outer skirt 1000 can be an integrated structure with the covering film 91, or can be connected to the covering film 91 by sewing, gluing, etc. .
  • the coverings used in traditional valve prostheses are mostly PET woven materials, and the woven patterns are mostly horizontal and vertical, that is, the horizontal and vertical lines of the PET woven fabric are 90° perpendicular to each other.
  • the PET woven fabric The longitudinal line and the axis of the valve prosthesis stent are parallel to each other, and the transverse line is parallel to the circumferential direction of the valve prosthesis stent. Therefore, during the compression process of the valve prosthesis stent, the coating and the stent are fixed. Therefore, the length of the longitudinal line of the PET woven fabric is determined, and the valve prosthesis stent will grow during the compression process, especially the length of the upper and lower connecting points of the connecting rods of the diamond-shaped structure of the anchoring part.
  • the compression-blocking force generated by the traditional horizontal and vertical PET coating not only acts on the diamond-shaped structure of the anchoring part, but also acts on the diamond-shaped structure of the reinforcing mesh and the fasteners, blocking both. Compression, thereby affecting the compression of the entire stent, and even the force generated to prevent the valve prosthesis stent may cause damage to the entire stent during the compression process.
  • the stent is covered with a mesh woven from PET material, and the covering is sutured to each component of the anti-reflux heart valve stent, because the anti-reflux heart valve stent is intricate and complex.
  • the coating can be firmly fixed on the inside of the anti-regurgitation heart valve stent. Since the size of the anti-reflux heart valve stent will change, if the artificial valve leaflets are sutured with the anti-reflux heart valve stent, the size and shape of the artificial valve leaflets will also need to change as the anti-reflux heart valve stent changes. It reduces the versatility of the artificial valve leaflets and increases the cost.
  • the artificial valve leaflets are not versatile. It will also increase the design intensity of designers.
  • the combination of artificial valve leaflets and coating is used, compared with the traditional method of using integral artificial valve leaflets to cover the entire anti-reflux heart valve stent, which increases the compressibility of the anti-reflux heart valve stent because the PET used
  • the thickness of the mesh woven with the material is smaller than that of the artificial valve leaflet, which reduces the occupation of the internal space of the anti-reflux heart valve stent, thereby increasing the compressibility of the anti-reflux heart valve stent.
  • the artificial valve leaflet may comprise one or more synthetic materials, engineered biological tissue, biological valve leaflet tissue, pericardial tissue, cross-linked pericardial tissue, aortic root tissue, chemically or biologically processed/ treated tissue, or a combination thereof.
  • the pericardial tissue is selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, bovine, equine, porcine, ovine, and human tissue, or combinations thereof.
  • the inflow end of the artificial valve leaflet is fixed no longer with the fastening arch but across the fastening arch and is fixedly connected with the covering of the fastening arch and the anti-regurgitation heart valve stent at the stuck end.
  • the coating can be penetrated arbitrarily using sutures, the artificial valve leaflets can be firmly connected to the coating, and the density of the sutures can be increased to improve the sealing performance between the artificial valve leaflets and the coating.
  • it prevents blood from leaking through the joint position of the artificial valve leaflet and the covering membrane, and by suturing the covering membrane and the artificial valve leaflet, the operator does not need to frequently bypass the suture line around the fastening arch or fixing hole, which reduces the operator's time. reduce labor intensity and improve efficiency.
  • the artificial valve leaflets are sutured with the stent, then as the stent changes, the artificial valve leaflets will inevitably move with the stent, and the movement of the stent is rigid relative to the coating, that is, the movement state is fixed , so the artificial valve leaflets and the stent are sewn together.
  • the stent will tear the artificial valve leaflets, while the artificial valve leaflets and the covering film are sutured together.
  • the covering film is relatively soft and allows a certain degree of displacement, so it will not cause damage to the artificial valve leaflets.
  • the artificial valve leaflets produce strong tearing force, ensuring the safety of the artificial valve leaflets.
  • the PET woven fabric in order for the coating to adapt to the anti-reflux stent, is designed to improve the fixation method of the artificial valve leaflets and the connection frame.
  • PET woven fabric can usually be woven from vertical threads (warp threads) and horizontal threads (weft threads). Referring to Figure 45, the angle between the vertical and horizontal lines of the PET woven fabric is set to 60° to 90°.
  • the angle formed by any two directly connected connecting rods (the supplementary angle of an acute or obtuse angle) in the diamond-shaped structure of the clamping end and its reinforcing net is in the range of 60° to 90°, so that The angle formed by the longitudinal and transverse lines of the PET woven fabric is consistent with the angle formed by the connected connecting rods in the rhombus structure (the supplementary angle of the acute or obtuse angle).
  • the angle formed by the connected connecting rods in the rhombus structure is 90°
  • the angle between the longitudinal and transverse lines of the PET woven fabric is also 90°
  • the connected connecting rods in the rhombus structure The angle formed is generally not less than 60°. If the angle is too small, it will affect its circumferential support force.
  • the PET woven cloth fixedly connected to the connecting rod of the diamond-shaped structure will move with the connecting rod.
  • the upper and lower connection points of the connecting rod of the diamond-shaped structure are also connected by several vertical lines and horizontal lines.
  • the connection is made up of lines rather than a vertical line (horizontal line).
  • the ear 902 of the artificial valve leaflet passes through the suture hole 401 and bypasses the side pillars of the suture hole 401 so that the tail end of the ear returns to the anti-reflux stent.
  • ear connection the main body of the adjacent artificial valve leaflets is closely fitted to the ear connection (hereinafter referred to as: ear connection), thereby achieving the fixation of the artificial valve leaflets and the side of the adjacent artificial valve leaflets close to the stent. of close integration.
  • ear connection the ear connection
  • Its main purpose is to increase the contact area between the tail end of the ear of the artificial valve leaflet and the connection between the ear of the artificial valve leaflet, thereby increasing stability. , and also increases the contact area at the ear connection of adjacent artificial valve leaflets, preventing blood reflux on the side of the artificial valve leaflets close to the stent.
  • each adjacent surrounding suture line is independent, and the surrounding suture line surrounds the connecting frame in a circle, so that the ears of the artificial valve leaflets closely fit the side columns.
  • the adjacent surrounding suture lines pass through the valleys on both sides of the wavy suture line in turn, effectively preventing the surrounding suture line from only tearing the artificial valve leaflets on one side of the wavy suture line, affecting the performance and safety of the artificial valve leaflets. service life.
  • the surrounding suture line is formed from a clockwise spirally wound surrounding suture line and another counterclockwise spirally wound surrounding suture line from top to bottom.
  • each spirally wound surrounding suture line is The suture uses an integrated spiral surrounding the suture, which is easy to operate and firmly fixed. There are no excessive suture ends, which increases the stability of use.
  • the one here does not refer to a suture, but can also be a bundle of sutures.
  • the thread is a number of sutures, and the two sutures pass through the valleys on both sides of the wavy suture line in sequence, preventing the connection frame from producing asymmetrical forces due to suturing, thus causing tearing force on the artificial valve leaflets and affecting the force of the artificial valve leaflets. performance and service life.
  • the artificial valve leaflet 9 may include an artificial valve leaflet main body 901, an ear portion 902, a fastener 903 and an inner concave area 904.
  • the main body of the artificial valve leaflet is generally V-shaped, but there are concave areas on both sides of the main body of the artificial valve leaflet near the inflow end.
  • the main purpose is to accommodate the fasteners. Since the fasteners are in During the compression process, it will change from a curved shape to a straight shape.
  • the traditional artificial valve leaflets are convex in the concave area (hereinafter referred to as the convex area), which will cause a larger friction during the straightening process of the fastener.
  • the concave area of this design is concave, so the distance from the midpoint of the concave area to the fastener is short, that is, the artificial valve leaves use less material and have a larger space to accommodate the material extruded during the extrusion process. , so during the process of straightening the fastener, there will be no excessive extrusion of the suture position of the valve leaflets.
  • the distal end of the main body of the artificial valve leaflet is provided with an anti-wear edge strip 905, which is combined with the main body of the artificial valve leaflet by suturing, and is firmly fixed, and the anti-wear edge strip is provided Firstly, it increases the tear resistance of the distal end of the main body of the artificial valve leaflet. Secondly, it reduces the damage to the artificial valve leaflet caused by the friction between the distal end of the main body of the artificial valve leaflet and the covering membrane, increases the service life of the artificial valve leaflet, and is anti-wear.
  • the setting of the edge strips is also equivalent to a buffer layer between the artificial valve leaflets and the coating, which effectively buffers the tearing force of the artificial valve leaflets on the coating during the opening and closing process, and increases the service life of the anti-reflux stent.
  • the inner coating of the clamping end is the leak-proof skirt.
  • the inflow end of the anchoring part is provided with a leak-proof skirt (not shown in the figure), and the outside of the anchoring part is also covered with film, and the outflow end of the outer film is coated all the way to the fastening arch.
  • the outer coating of the anchoring part can be the inner coating everted to the outside, or it can be a single coating, which effectively prevents side leakage of the reflux stent and increases the side leakage prevention performance of the stent.
  • the coating 91 further includes an extension 9101, and the extension 9101 covers the inside of the inflow end of the fastener 13'.
  • the extension part 9101 can form a leak-proof membrane part inside the outflow end of the fastener 13', which effectively blocks blood from flowing out from the U-shaped structure at the inflow end of the fastener and passing through the gap between the anchoring part and the inner wall of the aorta. causing paravalvular leakage.
  • the coating 91 does not include an extension part 9101, but a covering part 9102.
  • the covering portion 9102 covers the outside of the inflow end of the fastener 13'.
  • the outflow end of the leak-proof membrane will not exceed the U-shaped structure of the inflow end of the fastener 13'. This is because the outflow end of the leak-proof membrane is suspended in the air and is not fixed, and the outflow end of the leak-proof membrane is in the artificial valve leaflet. When opening, it is too close to the artificial valve leaflets, causing frequent friction and easily damaging the artificial valve leaflets.
  • the leak-proof membrane is designed as a separate peripheral membrane.
  • the peripheral membrane is located outside the fastener 13' and covers the U-shaped structure at the inflow end of the fastener, which effectively prevents blood from passing through and can be connected with the fastener 13'.
  • the inner wall of the aortic blood vessel is tightly fitted, preventing blood from leaking through the gap.
  • the peripheral membrane is located outside the stent, it effectively prevents friction between the artificial valve leaflets and the outflow end of the peripheral membrane.
  • the valve prosthesis stent 1 has a compressed state and an expanded state.
  • the inflow end of the fastener 13' has a water drop shape in the compressed state, and the inflow end portion of the fastener 13' has a water drop shape in the extended state.
  • U-shaped, the outflow end of the covering part 9102 does not exceed the outflow end of the U-shaped fastener 13' in the extended state, to prevent the outflow end of the peripheral membrane from contacting the artificial valve leaflets and affecting the contraction of the artificial valve leaflets in the left ventricle.
  • the long-term closing performance prevents reflux.
  • the inflow end of the coating 91 is everted from the inside of the stent to the outside of the stent to form an outer circumference wrapping the anchoring portion.
  • Skirt 9103, the outer skirt 9103 can be made of a strong, durable material, such as woven PET, laser cut or otherwise formed of material, or other synthetic or natural materials can be used, and the outer skirt can be with the covering film.
  • the integrated structure can also be connected to the film by sewing, gluing, etc.
  • the outer skirt 9103 can further enhance the leak-proof design of the bracket.
  • the covering portion 9102 and the outer skirt 9103 are one piece.
  • the pull wire composite ring 124 is provided at the inflow end of the positioning member 12.
  • the pull wire composite ring 124 is tilted inward relative to the axis of the stent to prevent slight movement after the stent is released or released. The shaking causes the outflow end of the pull wire composite ring 124 to contact the aortic wall, which may cause damage to the aorta. In severe cases, aortic dissection may occur in the patient, thereby threatening the patient's life.
  • valve prosthesis described is used for aortic valve replacement.
  • valve prosthesis provided in this application can also be applied to a pulmonary valve whose anatomy is similar to that of the aortic valve.
  • the positioning member When applied to the pulmonary valve, the positioning member is inserted into the pulmonary valve to position and clamp the native valve leaflet fixed stent with other parts of the stent, and to seal.

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  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
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Abstract

一种瓣膜假体,其包括瓣膜假体支架(1),瓣膜假体支架(1)包括支架主体以及多个定位件(12),多个定位件(12)沿支架主体的周向环设。其中,至少一个定位件(12)可以改变其相对支架轴线的打开角度,以使在瓣膜假体支架(1)的伸展状态下,支架主体与定位件(12)分别位于原生瓣叶的两侧。瓣膜假体能够提升手术效率。

Description

一种瓣膜假体 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域,尤其涉及一种瓣膜假体。
背景技术
主动脉瓣膜置换术是一种以人工瓣膜替换原有病变或者异常心脏瓣膜的心血管手术,由于经导管手术的方式具有创伤小、恢复快等诸多优点,因此越来越多的手术都开始采用经导管进行手术。主动脉瓣置换术也由早期的外科方式改变为经导管进行主动脉瓣的置换。
目前经导管主动脉瓣置换主要是依赖可扩张支架来实现人工瓣膜的替换,现有的可扩张支架在植入的过程中,需要将多个定位弧插入主动脉窦内,并和多个主动脉原生瓣叶的根部对齐,以捕获原生瓣叶。
然而由于不同患者的主动脉原生瓣叶结构有一定的区别,或是由于主动脉原生瓣叶已经处于病态等种种原因,采用现有可扩张支架的定位弧捕捉主动脉原生瓣叶时相对比较困难。在推动支架把定位弧插入主动脉窦内,使用定位弧捕捉主动脉原生瓣叶时,会出现只有两个定位弧捕捉到相对应的主动脉原生瓣叶(主动脉瓣一般由3个半月瓣组成),而第三个定位弧未能插入主动脉窦内的情况。此时为了避免植入人工瓣膜后仍出现反流现象,就需要将人工瓣膜后移,使定位弧退出已插入的主动脉窦,重新调整支架位置,再次或者多次进行主动脉窦的捕捉,直到所有的定位弧全部插入对应的主动脉窦中。
现有人工瓣膜的植入方式不仅造成了手术时间过长,而且可扩张支架反复前进后退会存在损伤主动脉的风险,或者在可扩张支架前进、后退过程中,与输送系统的其他部件摩擦而产生脱落的碎屑,残留在患者体内形成“热点”并引发炎症反应,增加手术风险。
故亟需提供一种便于植入的瓣膜假体来提升手术的效率,同时减少手术过程中对主动脉的损伤。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种瓣膜假体,能够提升手术效率。
为实现前述目的的瓣膜假体,包括瓣膜假体支架,所述瓣膜假体支架包括:
支架主体;以及
多个定位件,沿所述支架主体的周向环设;
其中,至少一个所述定位件可以改变其相对支架轴线的打开角度,以使在所述瓣膜假体支架的伸展状态下,所述支架主体与所述定位件分别位于原生瓣叶的两侧。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述支架主体包括:
锚定部,所述瓣膜假体支架能够通过所述锚定部卡在待夹持的原生瓣叶的瓣环上,所述定位件设置于所述锚定部的流出端。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述支架主体包括:
紧固件,与所述定位件一一对应地设置于所述定位件与所述锚定部之间,所述紧固件的流出端与所述定位件的流出端连接,所述紧固件的流入端与所述锚定部连接;
其中,在所述瓣膜假体支架的伸展状态下,所述紧固件与所述定位件能够分别夹持于心脏瓣膜的原生瓣叶的两侧。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述定位件上还设有配合部,拉线可穿过所述配合部与所述定位件连接,通过所述拉线能够向所述定位件施加一外力,以改变该定位件相对支架轴线的打开角度。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述打开角度的范围为20°~60°。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述打开角度的范围为60°~90°。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述配合部为开设于所述定位件流入端的拉线孔。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述定位件流入端的内侧设置有拉线环,所述配合部为限定于所述拉线环中的拉线孔。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述拉线孔构造成能被X射线识别。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述拉线孔的表面设置不透X射线标记层或者高密度金属镀层;或者,
所述拉线环的外部轮廓被设置成葫芦型、三角星型、棱型、猫爪型或者椭圆形中的一种或多种。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述定位件流入端的内侧设置有拉线复合环,配合 部为设置于所述拉线复合环流出端的拉线孔,所述拉线复合环的流入端配置成用于显影。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述拉线复合环包括连接杆与拉线环,所述连接杆的流入端与所述定位件的流入端连接,所述连接杆的流出端与所述拉线环连接,所述配合部为限定于所述拉线环中的拉线孔,
其中,所述连接杆上安装有C型件,所述C型件配置成用于显影。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述拉线复合环包括第一通孔和第二通孔,所述第一通孔配置成用于显影,所述第二通孔适于穿入拉线。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述第一通孔的孔径大于所述第二通孔的孔径。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述第一通孔的表面设置不透X射线标记层或者高密度金属镀层;或者,
所述拉线复合环的外部轮廓被设置成葫芦型、三角星型、棱型或者猫爪型中的一种或多种。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述拉线复合环相对于瓣膜假体支架的轴线向内倾斜。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述瓣膜假体支架具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,所述紧固件的流入端在所述压缩状态时呈水滴型,所述紧固件的流入端部分在所述伸展状态时呈U型。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述定位件的流入端在压缩状态时呈水滴型。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述紧固件内部设置有加强支撑部,所述加强支撑部的流出端连接紧固件,所述加强支持部的流入端连接所述锚定部。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述紧固件的流入端不连接所述锚定部,所述紧固件通过所述加强支撑部连接所述锚定部。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述瓣膜假体支架还包括支撑件,所述支撑件相对所述定位件更加靠近所述瓣膜假体支架的流出端,所述支撑件的流出端与所述定位件的流出端连接。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述支撑件包括第一支撑臂以及第二支撑臂,所述第一支撑臂以及所述第二支撑臂在所述支撑件的流入端连接;
所述瓣膜假体支架具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,在瓣膜假体支架的压缩状态 下,所述第一支撑臂以及所述第二支撑臂呈线性。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述瓣膜假体支架具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,在所述瓣膜假体支架的压缩状态下,且不对定位件12施加外力时,所述支撑件具有第一张开角度,所述定位件具有第二张开角度,所述第二张开角度为4°-14°,且所述第一张开角度小于所述第二张开角度。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述支撑件具有适于穿入拉线的支撑件拉线环,所述支撑件拉线环设置于所述支撑件的流入端。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述瓣膜假体支架具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,在所述瓣膜假体支架的压缩状态下,所述支撑件拉线环与所述拉线复合环的位置对齐。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述支撑件拉线环相对于所述支撑件向外倾斜。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述支撑件拉线环相对于所述支撑件向外倾斜的角度为100°-160°。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述定位件的流入端与所述支撑件的流入端之间通过连接机构连接。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述连接机构为连杆或者折线结构。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述连接机构包括第一连杆、第二连杆以及连接第一连杆和第二连杆的菱形方格,所述第一连杆的纵向轴线和第二连杆的纵向轴线在同一直线上。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述第一连杆的长度小于所述第二连杆的长度。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述连接机构包括第一连杆和第二连杆,其中所述第一连杆与所述第二连杆之间通过格连杆Ⅰ与格连杆Ⅱ连接;
其中,格连杆Ⅰ与格连杆Ⅱ连之间具有弯曲连接部,所述弯曲连接部的宽度小于所述格连杆Ⅰ及所述格连杆Ⅱ的宽度。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述连接机构包括第一连杆、第二连杆以及连接所述第一连杆与所述第二连杆的三根连杆,以使所述连接机构整体呈S型。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述定位件包括第一定位臂以及第二定位臂,所述第一定位臂和所述第二定位臂在所述定位件的流入端连接;
所述紧固件包括第一紧固弧以及第二紧固弧,所述第一紧固弧以及所述第二 紧固弧在所述紧固件的流入端连接;
所述瓣膜假体支架具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,在瓣膜假体支架的压缩状态下,所述第一定位臂和所述第二定位臂呈线性。
在一个或多个实施例中,沿所述瓣膜假体支架的轴向,所述定位件流入端最靠近所述瓣膜假体支架流入端之处与所述瓣膜假体支架流入端最远处的垂直距离为4mm-8mm。
在一个或多个实施例中,沿所述支架轴线方向,所述定位件与所述紧固件共形。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述定位件的流出端与所述紧固件的流出端之间设置有延长杆。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述延长杆的内部设置有瓣叶缝合孔,所述瓣叶缝合孔用于固定人工瓣叶的流出端。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述定位件的流入端包括位于中部的第一弧形段,以及分别设置于所述第一弧形段两侧的第二弧形段、第三弧形段;
其中,所述第一弧形段所在圆的直径大于所述第二弧形段、所述第三弧形段所在圆的直径。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述瓣膜假体支架包括周向设置的三个定位件。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述定位件的流出端具有呈波浪形的一段。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述锚定部由周向连接的菱形网格连接形成。
在一个或多个实施例中,构成所述锚定部的杆的宽度中央小两头大。
在一个或多个实施例中,相邻所述菱形网格连接区域分别沿着所述瓣膜假体支架的周向和纵向延伸预定长度,沿着所述瓣膜假体的周向方向,所述相邻菱形网格连接区域包括凹陷的弯曲结构。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述锚定部自流出端至流入端的延伸方向相对于所述支架的中轴线外扩,使得所述锚定部的流出端直径小于锚定部流入端的直径。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述外扩的角度为6°至14°。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述定位件的流出端设置有连接部,所述连接部用于与输送系统连接。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述连接部包括连接腹板与连接块,所述连接腹板 的流入端连接所述定位件的流出端,所述连接腹板的流出端连接所述连接块,所述连接块的周向宽度大于所述连接腹板的周向宽度。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述连接块向所述瓣膜假体支架的中轴线倾斜。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述锚定部上还设置有倒刺,所述倒刺设置于所述锚定部的流入端,并朝向所述锚定部的流出端延伸。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述倒刺的延伸方向与相对所述锚定部向外倾斜。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述倒刺的延伸方向与相对所述锚定部的倾角为5°~15°。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述倒刺为沿所述支架周向均布的多个。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述锚定部由周向连接的菱形网格连接形成,所述倒刺位于与所述定位件连接的菱形网格中。
在一个或多个实施例中,沿瓣膜假体支架的轴线方向,所述倒刺的长度与所述菱形网格的长度比值为1:5至1:10。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述支架主体还包括设置于所述锚定部流出端的加强网;
其中,在所述瓣膜假体支架的伸展状态下,所述加强网与所述定位件能够分别位于原生瓣叶的两侧,以对原生瓣叶进行夹持。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述加强网包括沿着所述瓣膜假体支架轴向依次设置的第一自膨胀弧、第二自膨胀弧和第三自膨胀弧;
其中,所述第一自膨胀弧的一端与紧固件的第一紧固弧固定连接,另一端与相邻紧固件的第二紧固弧固定连接,且朝向瓣膜假体支架流入端凸起;
其中,所述第二自膨胀弧的两端分别固定连接至所述第一自膨胀弧,且朝向瓣膜假体支架流出端凸起;
其中,所述第三自膨胀弧的一端与紧固件的第一紧固弧固定连接,另一端与相邻紧固件的第二紧固弧固定连接,且朝向瓣膜假体支架流入端凸起;
其中,所述第二自膨胀弧和所述第三自膨胀弧之间存在间隙。
在一个或多个实施例中,当瓣膜假体支架处于伸展状态时,所述紧固件的第一紧固弧与相邻所述紧固件的第二紧固弧形成第一圆角;所述第二自膨胀弧具有第二圆角,所述第三自膨胀弧具有第三圆角,其中所述第三圆角不大于所述第一 圆角,所述第二圆角大于所述第一圆角。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述加强网由曲自膨弧、联结格及第三自膨弧组成,其中所述曲自膨弧由四段组成,分别为曲臂Ⅰ、曲臂Ⅱ、曲臂Ⅲ、曲臂Ⅳ,其中曲臂Ⅰ、曲臂Ⅳ分别连接紧固弧靠近流入端的0.25到0.33处,其中曲臂Ⅰ、曲臂Ⅱ的流入端固定连接,且连接处与所述锚定部连接,其中曲臂Ⅲ、曲臂Ⅳ的流入端固定连接,且连接处与锚定部连接,其中曲臂Ⅱ、曲臂Ⅲ的流出端固定连接,且连接处固定连接联结格,联结格包括两个联结臂。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述锚定部结构单元为菱形结构,加强网流入端的加强网结构单元与锚定部的一个锚定部结构单元公用一个顶点,加强网流出端的加强网结构单元与紧固件的紧固弧共用一条或者两条边。
在一个或多个实施例中,沿着所述瓣膜假体支架的轴向方向,所述加强网依次包括相互连接的三层网格结构,第一层包括一个加强网结构单元,第二层包括两个加强网结构单元,第三层包括一个加强网结构单元;
其中,第一层的加强网结构单元与其一侧的紧固件的第二紧固弧共用一条边,且与其另一侧的紧固件的第一紧固弧共用一条边;
其中,第二层一侧的加强网结构单元与其一侧的紧固件的第二紧固弧共用一条边,第二层另一侧的加强网结构单元与与其另一侧的紧固件的第一紧固弧共用一条边;
其中,第三层的加强网结构单元与锚定部结构单元共用一个顶点。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述瓣膜假体还包括覆膜,所述覆膜安装于瓣膜假体支架内侧,且所述覆膜流出端与所述紧固件连接,所述覆膜的流入端连接于所述锚定部。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述定位件的流出端与所述紧固件的流出端之间设置有延长杆,所述延长杆内开设有瓣叶缝合孔,所述瓣膜假体还包括人工瓣叶,所述人工瓣叶包括人工瓣叶主体与设置于人工瓣叶主体流出端的人工瓣叶耳部,所述人工瓣叶耳部穿过所述瓣叶缝合孔后包裹所述延长杆设置,所述人工瓣叶主体的流入端边缘与所述覆膜连接。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述人工瓣叶的流出端比所述紧固件的流出端更靠近瓣膜假体支架的流出端。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述人工瓣叶主体的流入端边缘与所述覆膜连接处设置有防磨条。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述防磨条的横截面呈U型,所述人工瓣叶主体流入端边缘设置于呈U型的所述防磨条内侧。
在一个或多个实施例中,呈U型的所述防磨条外侧设置有3~10个应力缺口。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述防磨条与所述人工瓣叶采用相同的材质制成。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述覆膜的流入端从支架内侧外翻至支架外侧形成包裹所述锚定部外周的外裙边。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述覆膜由纵线和横线编织而成,纵线与横线的角度设置为60°~90°。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述人工瓣叶包含一种或多种合成材料、工程化生物组织、生物瓣叶组织、心包组织、交联心包组织、主动脉根组织、经化学或生物加工/处理的组织,或它们的组合。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述瓣膜假体还包括人工瓣叶以及覆膜,所述人工瓣叶的流入端边缘与所述覆膜连接,所述覆膜安装于所述瓣膜假体支架内侧,且所述覆膜的流出端与所述紧固件连接,所述覆膜的流入端连接于所述锚定部;
其中,所述覆膜还包括延伸部,所述延伸部覆盖于所述紧固件的流入端内侧。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述瓣膜假体还包括人工瓣叶以及覆膜,所述人工瓣叶主体的流入端边缘与所述覆膜连接,所述覆膜安装于所述瓣膜假体支架内侧,且所述覆膜流出端与所述紧固件连接,所述覆膜的流入端连接于所述锚定部;
其中,所述覆膜还包括遮盖部,所述遮盖部覆盖于所述紧固件的流入端外侧。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述瓣膜假体支架具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,所述紧固件的流入端在所述压缩状态时呈水滴型,所述紧固件的流入端部分在所述伸展状态时呈U型,所述遮盖部的流出端不超过所述U型的流出端。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述覆膜的流入端从支架内侧外翻至支架外侧形成包裹所述锚定部外周的外裙边。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述遮盖部与所述外裙边为一体件。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述瓣膜假体用于主动脉瓣膜置换术。
本发明至少包含如下有益效果:
本瓣膜假体支架通过将多个定位件中的至少一个定位件可以改变其相对支架轴线的打开角度,从而易于通过该打开的角度对原生瓣叶进行捕捉,提升主动脉瓣膜置换术的效率。
本文所述的拉线复合环包括用于安装标记物的安装孔或者是,通过在拉线复合环的连接板上设置不透X射线层、高密度金属层,或者将拉线复合环的连接板外部轮廓设置成特定形状来对自膨心脏瓣膜支架进行显影,可以避免标记物流入人体,提高产品的安全性。
在人工瓣叶和瓣膜假体支架之间设置比人工瓣叶更薄的覆膜,将人工瓣叶固定在覆膜上,相对固定于支架上的方式,不需要为了适应不同尺寸的支架而重新设计瓣叶形状,增加了瓣叶的通用性。另外,人工瓣叶不与瓣膜假体支架直接连接,可以降低瓣膜假体支架在压握过程中,因形变对人工瓣叶的牵扯力。
定位件流出端设置为波浪线弯曲结构,首先,增大了定位件与原生瓣叶的接触面积,有效的增加了定位件夹持原生瓣叶的稳定性。其次,在使用拉线控制定位件打开更大的角度时,定位件打开的变形可以自弯曲结构处弯曲以打开定位件,减小了定位件流出端连接处的变形幅度,降低了连接处因变形应力可能造成的损坏。最后,弯曲结构使得定位件在轴向方向具有一定弹性,在心脏舒张期主动脉瓣关闭,主动脉内血液会向定位件施加对主动脉窦的压力,弯曲结构的定位件可以降低其对主动脉窦的冲击力,减少定位件对主动脉窦底的伤害。
附图概述
本发明的具体特征、性能由以下的实施例及其附图进一步给出。
图1示出了根据本申请第一实施例的瓣膜假体支架立体示意图;
图2示出了根据本申请第一实施例的瓣膜假体支架另一视角的立体示意图;
图3示出了根据本申请第一实施例的瓣膜假体支架展开示意图;
图4为图3的A部局部放大示意图;
图5示出了根据本申请第二实施例的瓣膜假体支架的立体示意图;
图6示出了根据本申请第二实施例的瓣膜假体支架的展开示意图;
图7示出了根据本申请第二实施例的瓣膜假体支架变形例的立体示意图;
图8-9示出了根据本申请第二实施例的瓣膜假体支架中连接机构的立体示意图;
图10为图9的B部局部放大示意图;
图11示出了根据本申请第二实施例的瓣膜假体支架中连接机构变化例的立体示意图;
图12示出了根据本申请第三实施例的瓣膜假体支架的立体示意图;
图13-14分别示出了根据本申请一个或多个实施例的瓣膜假体支架的伸展状态下的示意图;
图15示出了根据本申请第二实施例的瓣膜假体支架变形例的立体示意图;
图18-19分别示出了根据本申请一个或多个实施例的拉线环的示意图;
图20-21示出了根据本申请一个或多个实施例的拉线复合环的示意图;
图22示出了根据本申请一个或多个实施例的拉线复合环的显影结构的示意图;
图23示出了根据本申请第一实施例的瓣膜假体支架变化例的立体示意图;
图24示出了根据本申请第一实施例的瓣膜假体支架收缩状态下的立体示意图;
图25至图28示出了根据本申请第二实施例的瓣膜假体支架的多个变化例示意图;
图29示出了根据本申请第一实施例的瓣膜假体支架拉线后的示意图;
图30示出了根据本申请第二实施例的瓣膜假体支架的定位件流入端局部放大示意图;
图31示出了根据本申请第二实施例的瓣膜假体支架的变化例示意图;
图32为图31的局部放大示意图;
图33至34示出了根据本申请一个或多个实施例的瓣膜假体支架装配于输送系统的示意图;
图35示出了根据本申请第二实施例的瓣膜假体支架的变化例示意图;
图36至图38示出了根据本申请第一实施例的瓣膜假体支架多个变化例的示意图;
图39-图40示出了根据本申请一个或多个实施例的的人工瓣叶的示意图;
图41示出了现有人工瓣叶的示意图;
图43示出了根据本申请一个或多个实施例的人工瓣叶的示意图;
图44示出了根据本申请一个或多个实施例的瓣膜假体支架的变化例示意图;
图45至47示意性示出了根据本申请一个或多个实施例的编织布编织方式示意图;
图48至51示意性示出了根据本申请一个或多个实施例的人工瓣叶的示意图;
图52至54分别示出了根据本申请一些实施例的瓣膜假体支架的多个变化例示意图;
图55示意性示出了人体原生瓣叶的示意图;
图56至57示意性示出了根据本申请一个或多个实施例的瓣膜假体的整体示意图。
本发明的实施方式
本申请使用了特定词语来描述本申请的实施例,如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”、和/或“一些实施例”意指与本申请至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此,应强调并注意的是,本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外,本申请的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。另外,使用“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件,仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别,如没有另行声明,上述词语并没有特殊含义,因此也不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
为了提升手术中对于人体内瓣膜进行置换的手术效率,根据本申请的一些实施例,提供了一种瓣膜假体,为了便于描述本瓣膜假体在置换手术中的工作模式、相对位置关系,以下一个或多个实施例中以瓣膜假体在心脏主动脉置换术的应用为例进行描述。可以理解的是,本瓣膜假体也可以应用于其他合适的置换手术中。
需要说明的是,在本文中对于瓣膜假体在主动脉置换术中应用的描述中,高度方向实质沿着所述人工心脏瓣膜轴线的方向,除了如图所示的具体描述,在本文中直接提及的高、低,上、下等,其“高”、“上”是指靠近伸展状态时(如 图1所示)人工心脏瓣膜流出端的位置,其“低”、“下”是指靠近伸展状态时人工心脏瓣膜流入端的位置,左、右为以相应附图为参照所示出的方向,其“流入端”是指按照血流的方向,位于上游的位置,即伸展状态时瓣膜假体最先通过血液的一端,如图1所示的流入端1000,其“流出端”是指按照血流的方向,位于下游的位置,即伸展状态时血液离开瓣膜假体的一端,如图1所示流出端2000。可以理解的是,“流入端”也就是瓣膜假体呈现伸展状态时远离输送装置的一侧或者远离使用者操纵的端部的方向的一侧,亦即瓣膜假体呈现伸展状态时靠近心尖的一侧,即“近心端”。“流出端”也就是瓣膜假体呈现伸展状态时位于输送装置的一侧或者位于使用者操纵的端部的方向的一侧,亦即瓣膜假体呈现伸展状态时远离心尖的一侧,即“远心端”。
可以理解的是,如前所述,对于瓣膜假体而言,其按照血流的方向具有流入端以及流出端,而对于瓣膜假体内的部件而言,某部件的流入端则指的是该部件相对靠近瓣膜假体流入端的一端,而某部件的流出端则指的是该部件相对靠近瓣膜假体流出端的一端。
为了解决现有置换术中对主动脉原生瓣叶捕捉效率低下的问题,本申请提供了一种瓣膜假体,其包括瓣膜假体支架,该瓣膜假体支架包括支架主体以及多个定位件。其中,文中所指的支架主体可以理解为瓣膜假体支架中除去定位件的其他结构,在后文中,将通过一个或多个具体的实施例来进一步详述关于支架主体的具体结构。定位件是沿支架主体的周向环设,其中,至少一个定位件可以改变其相对支架轴线的打开角度,以使在瓣膜假体支架的伸展状态下,支架主体与定位件能够分别位于原生瓣叶的两侧。文中所记载的支架轴线可以理解为瓣膜假体支架的中心轴的延伸方向,通过将多个定位件中的至少一个定位件配置为可以改变其相对支架轴线的打开角度,从而易于通过该打开的角度对原生瓣叶进行捕捉,提升主动脉瓣膜置换术的效率,在与本申请相关的其他文件中,伸展状态也可以描述为安装状态,即瓣膜假体支架固定在相应位置处的状态。
为了进一步阐述本申请,如下通过多个实施例具体描述本申请瓣膜假体支架的结构及其工作方式。
实施例1
图1至图4示出了根据实施例1的瓣膜假体支架的示意图,可以理解的是,在 实施例1中所示的瓣膜假体支架是应用于主动脉置换术中,因而在一些文献中,瓣膜假体支架也可被称为主动脉反流支架或反流支架。图1示出了根据实施例1的瓣膜假体支架1处于伸展状态时的立体图,图2示出了根据实施例1的瓣膜假体支架1另一角度的立体图,图3示出了根据实施例1的瓣膜假体支架1的展开图,图4为图3的局部放大示意图。如图1至3所示,实施例1所述的瓣膜假体支架1的支架主体包括锚定部10。锚定部10具有流入端以及流出端,瓣膜假体支架1能够通过锚定部10卡在主动脉瓣环上,例如在图1中所示出的伸展状态下,锚定部10能够支撑于主动脉瓣环内周侧,并限制瓣膜假体整体以及其瓣膜假体支架1相对主动脉瓣环的位移,特别是在左心室收缩时,防止瓣膜假体支架1被来自左心室的血流冲进主动脉内,或者向主动脉方向移动。
定位件12为设置于锚定部10流出端的多个,一般与患者的主动脉瓣的数量相同,如大部分为3个,对特殊的2片主动脉瓣的患者,则定位件12的数量相应改为2个。在瓣膜假体支架的伸展状态下,锚定部10支撑于主动脉瓣环内周侧,锚定部10与定位件12分别位于心脏瓣膜的原生瓣叶的两侧。
在实施例1中,支架主体还包括支撑件11以及紧固件13,支撑件11相对于定位件12更加靠近瓣膜假体支架1的流出端,在一个优选实施例中,支撑件11的流出端与定位件12的流出端连接,定位件12的流入端设置有锚定部10。紧固件13用于固定人工心脏瓣膜的瓣叶,紧固件13的流出端与支撑件11的流出端连接。具体而言,人工心脏瓣膜瓣叶可以通过如缝合的方式缝合连接于紧固件13上。其中,紧固件13在其他相关专利申请文件中,也被称为保持件。在瓣膜假体支架1的伸展状态下,支撑件11与定位件12分别夹持于心脏瓣膜的原生瓣叶的两侧,以防止原生瓣叶的流出端随血流运动而干涉人工心脏瓣膜瓣叶。当至少一个定位件12改变其相对支架轴线的打开角度时,能够增加定位件12与支撑件11之间的距离,从而易于通过该打开的角度对原生瓣叶进行捕捉,提升主动脉瓣膜置换术的效率。
与此同时,支撑件11阻止了原生瓣叶侵扰人工瓣叶,而且由于原生瓣叶是由支撑件11与定位件12进行夹持,夹持相对更加牢靠,同时支撑件11也利于该瓣膜假体支架1能够更加顺利的自膨,增加了自膨时的径向力。
可以理解的是,在前述所记载的实施例1的瓣膜假体支架1的伸展状态下,支撑件11与定位件12分别夹持于心脏瓣膜的原生瓣叶的两侧,例如支撑件11位于心 脏瓣膜的原生瓣叶的径向内侧,而定位件12位于心脏瓣膜的原生瓣叶的的径向外侧,彼此分别对心脏瓣膜的原生瓣叶施加外力,以实现对心脏瓣膜原生瓣叶的夹持。在此夹持状态下,紧固件13也位于心脏瓣膜的原生瓣叶的径向内侧,因而也可以视为原生瓣叶是由定位件12,与支撑件11和/或紧固件13所夹持。
实施例2
图5至图6示出了根据实施例2的瓣膜假体支架1的示意图,图5示出了根据实施例2的瓣膜假体支架1处于伸展状态时的立体图,图6示出了根据实施例2的瓣膜假体支架1的展开图,如图5至图6所示,在实施例2中,瓣膜假体支架包括多个紧固件13’、多个定位件12’及锚定部10’,一个所述紧固件13’的上侧对应设置一个定位件12’,所述定位件12’的流出端与紧固件13’的流出端固定连接,所述紧固件13’的流入端设置有锚定部10’,利用定位件12’与紧固件13’夹持原生瓣叶,再利用锚定部10’卡在主动脉瓣环上,从而使得该瓣膜假体支架稳定的固定在主动脉原生瓣膜位置。
但在经导管的瓣膜假体支架植入过程中,需要利用定位件12’捕捉原生瓣叶,即通过原生瓣叶的非闭合面将定位件12’插入主动脉窦底,定位件12’位于原生瓣叶的径向外侧,紧固件13’位于原生瓣叶的径向内侧,从而紧固件13’与定位件12’夹持原生瓣叶,但是由于主动脉原生瓣叶一般由三个原生瓣叶88组成(如图55所示),因此定位件12’一般有三个,对应需要捕捉的所有原生瓣叶,实务中,2个定位件12’插入其中两个原生瓣叶是比较容易的,但是3个定位件12’同时插入三个原生瓣叶的主动脉窦内,却相对比较困难,因为三个原生瓣叶围成一周,对齐定位件12’与原生瓣叶时,在径向(垂直瓣膜假体支架1轴线)方向移动瓣膜假体支架1时,必定有定位件12’远离和靠近的原生瓣叶非闭合面,而且原生瓣叶在血液的作用下也是活动的,插入主动脉窦底的时机不容易把握,所以所有定位件12’一次性捕获三个原生瓣叶相对比较困难,从而导致其操作时间也会因无法插入到三个原生瓣叶的主动脉窦底而被延长。故为了更好的插入原生瓣叶的主动脉窦底,对其中至少一个所述定位件12’进行打开角度的控制,例如可以利用拉线控制其定位件12’与瓣膜假体支架1轴线的打开角度,利用拉线将定位件12’打开更大的角度,使其更加容易接近原生瓣叶的非闭合面,从而利于定位件12’捕捉原生瓣叶,而无需径向移动调整支架1。
与实施例1不同的是,实施例2中,可以不设置支撑件11,而是仅通过定位件12’与紧固件13’的夹持作用对原生瓣叶进行限位。
在一个或多个实施例中,如图5至图6所示,所述定位件12’的中部也设置有支撑件11’,但与实施例1不同之处在于,在实施例2中,瓣膜假体支架1的伸展状态下,定位件12’与支撑件11’是位于心脏瓣膜原生瓣叶的同一侧,即径向外侧,而紧固件13’是位于心脏瓣膜原生瓣叶的另一侧,即径向内侧。定位件12’及支撑件11’与紧固件13’分别于心脏瓣膜原生瓣叶的两侧施力,以实现对心脏瓣膜原生瓣叶的夹持。在此夹持方式中,支撑件11’的作用在于能够有效的增加了定位件12’与原生瓣叶的接触面积,与此同时,由于在此实施例中,支撑件11’的两端分别连接于定位件12’的两边的内侧,支撑件11’的两端与定位件12’连接处相对靠近定位件12’流出端部分,其也有效的增加了定位件12’流出端的周向支撑力,增加了整个瓣膜假体支架1的稳定性。故在一些相关文献中,支撑件11’也被称之为加强件。在一个具体的实施例中,支撑件11’为呈V型的结构,使得支撑件11’易于压缩与膨胀。
如图7示出了实施例2一变形例下的示意图。其中,图7中所示的变形例下瓣膜假体支架1处于伸展状态。在此变形中,支撑件11’和定位件12’之间设置有连接机构18。具体而言,在图中所示的实施例中,定位件12’上设置有用于与拉线配合的拉线复合环124,有关于拉线复合环124的结构以及作用将在后文详述,在此不再赘述。拉线复合环124和支撑件11’之间设置有连接机构18。通过连接机构18将支撑件流入端113与拉线复合环124连接在一起。如果连接机构18、支撑件11’及定位件12’的刚度足够强,可以认为三者为一个整体。设置连接机构18的有益效果如下所述。为了便于描述,将连接机构18、支撑件11’及定位件12’形成的整体作为夹合组件描述。首先,由于在实施例2中,支撑件11’和定位件12’于同一侧对原生瓣叶进行夹持。当夹合组件在夹合心脏瓣膜原生瓣叶后,由于瓣膜假体支架1在左心室收缩期间,会受到血液的冲刷,而且在植入患者体内后,患者也会处于随机的运动状态,所以瓣膜假体支架1相对于原生瓣叶并不是静止的状态,而是相对的随机运动状态。因此,夹合组件的受力情况也是处于变化状态,虽然该变化幅度有时比较小。也就是说,定位件12’和支撑件11’在植入患者体内后,会存在疲劳断裂的问题,如果两者不通过连接机构18连接为一 体,那么定位件和支撑件11’与支架其他部分均只有两个连接点,如果任何一个连接点断裂,均会造成对应的定位件12’或支撑件11’不稳定。现在将三者结合为一体结构的夹合组件整体,该夹合组件整体与连接件就有四个连接点,如果断裂一个点,仍有三个连接点,稳定性更高。其次,夹合组件的连接机构18的设计,主要是防止支撑件11’和定位件12’各自运动,产生不一致的夹合力,例如:支撑件11’夹合较紧,而定位件12’较松,则定位件12’的设置失去了夹合作用。而相反,定位件12’夹合较紧,支撑件11’较松,则支撑件11’的设置失去了夹合作用。所以通过连接机构18将两者连接到一起,使其共同运动,进一步解释,支撑件11’和定位件12’在打开的过程中(假设不设置连接机构),两者的流入端的距离一直是变化的,而如果通过连接机构18将两者进行连接,那么其两者流入端的距离将不再改变,所以就限制了夹合组件的张开角度,或说增加夹合组件打开时所需要的力,因为此时两者不仅仅是需要克服张开时的力,还需要有更多的力去实现两者的变形而使得两者的流入端的距离保持不变,所以增强了夹合组件在夹紧瓣膜时的力,不容易松开。
在一个具体的实施例中,连接机构18可如图7所示为一根连杆。在另一种实施方式中,连接机构18也可为折线结构。拉线复合环124和支撑件11’之间的连接机构18使得能同步控制定位件12’和支撑件11’的开合,增加了抗返流心脏支架的径向操控性。连接机构的设置还增加了人工心脏瓣膜瓣叶与人工抗返流心脏支架的接触面积。如上所述,这种设置可以增加人工抗返流心脏支架的耐疲劳性能。
在一些其他合适的实施例中,连接机构18可以具有其他合适的构型,具体来说,参考图8,连接机构18可包括第一连杆181,第二连杆182,以及连接第一连杆181和第二连杆182的菱形方格183。第一连杆181的一端可固定连接到拉线复合环124的第二通孔,另一端固定连接到菱形方格183的一个顶点。第二连杆的一端可固定连接到支撑件,另一端固定连接到菱形方格183的另一个顶点。第一连杆181和第二连杆182的纵向轴线可在同一直线上,且第一连杆181的长度可小于第二连杆182的长度。
优选地,参考图8和图9,构成菱形方格183由两个格连杆Ⅰ1831和两个格连杆Ⅱ1832组成,其中两个格连杆Ⅰ1831的一端共同连接于第一连杆181的一端, 两个格连杆Ⅱ1832的一端共同连接于第二连杆182的一端,所述格连杆Ⅰ1831的另一端(自由端)与格连杆Ⅱ1832的另一端(自由端)固定连接。
当植入瓣膜假体支架1的患者跳动,或在左心室膨胀期间,主动脉中的血液对瓣膜假体支架1产生朝向主动脉窦方向的冲击力,支架会相对原生瓣叶产生沿主动脉中轴线的上下运动,此时定位件12’的流入端会碰撞主动脉瓣环底部,因为定位件12’通过拉线复合环连接有连接机构18,会造成定位件12’的流入端刚度增强,为了减小刚度增强对主动脉窦的冲击力影响。
在一个优选的实施例中,参考图10,所述格连杆Ⅰ1831的另一端(自由端)与格连杆Ⅱ1832的另一端(自由端)通过弯曲连接部184固定连接,其中弯曲连接部184的宽度L2小于格连杆Ⅰ1831及格连杆Ⅱ1832的宽度L1,这样使得格连杆Ⅰ1831与格连杆Ⅱ1832更容易相互活动,相对于直接通过一根连杆连接支撑件流入端113与拉线复合环124的方式,降低了对定位件流入端的柔性的影响。
在另一实施例中,连接机构还可包括折线结构。具体来说,其中折线结构可以是含有一半菱形方格的连杆,即折线结构包括:第一连杆181,所述第一连杆181的一端连接有一个格连杆Ⅰ1831,所述格连杆Ⅰ1831的另一端固定连接格连杆Ⅱ1832,所述格连杆Ⅱ1832的另一端固定连接于第二连杆182的一端,优选的,所述格连杆Ⅰ与格连杆Ⅱ通过弯曲连接部184固定连接,其中弯曲连接部184的宽度小于格连杆Ⅰ1831及格连杆Ⅱ1832的宽度,这样使得格连杆Ⅰ1831与格连杆Ⅱ1832更容易相互活动,相对于直接通过连杆连接支撑件流入端113与拉线复合环124的方式,降低了对定位件流入端的柔性的影响。
在另一种实施方式中,折线结构也可以如图11所示,采用S型的结构设计,即第一连杆181通过三根连杆进行与第二连杆182固定连接,但折线结构并不限于此,第一连杆181可以通过若干根连杆进行与第二连杆182固定连接,优选的,第一连杆181与第二连杆182之间的若干根连杆可以通过弯曲连接部184进行连接。
对于上述连接机构18的实施例,需要声明的是,第一连杆181与第二连杆182的长度可以为零,即第一连杆181与第二连杆182之间的部件可以直接固定连接到支撑件流入端113与拉线复合环124。
实施例3
请参见图12,与前述实施例不同的是,在实施例3中,不设置有支撑件或紧 固件,但在锚定部10”的流出端设置有加强网14,仅通过加强网14与定位件12”一起夹合原生瓣叶,具体来说,在所述瓣膜假体支架的伸展状态下,加强网14与定位件12”能够分别位于原生瓣叶的两侧,以对原生瓣叶进行夹持。
当然,可以理解的是,在前述实施例1或实施2的基础上,也可以设置有加强网14,例如图1与图2所示的实施例1为例,加强网14设置于锚定部10与相邻紧固件13之间均,通过加强网14对锚定部10与紧固件13进行连接,加强网14的存在可以增加支架的中部径向支撑强度,也可以隔离原生瓣叶,以进一步固定瓣膜假体支架在主动脉根部的位置。同时,加强网14中可以形成大量镂空部位,有效的降低了该心脏瓣膜支架的重量,而且便于压缩。
在一个具体的实施例中,加强网14整体呈菱形结构,构成加强网14的支柱的宽度两头大中间小。瓣膜假体支架在压握、伸展的过程中或植入患者体内后随心脏抖动而运动时,支柱的两端会成为应力集中点,容易发生疲劳断裂,将两端容易发生疲劳断裂的位置设置为更宽的结构,能提高瓣膜假体支架的疲劳断裂强度,把支柱的连接位置处的结构设计成最宽且变形最困难的结构,可以保证加强网14的稳定性。
在如前述所述的实施例1至3的基础上,本瓣膜假体及其瓣膜假体支架1还可以具备如下细节或特征:
以前述实施例2的图示为例,在前述一个或多个实施例中,拉线与定位件12’连接,通过拉线能够向定位件12’施加一外力,以改变该定位件相对支架轴线的打开角度。当然,在其他一些合适的实施例中,也可以通过其他合适的部件对定位件12’施加外力,例如通过连杆施加外力,但采用拉线能够保证本瓣膜假体在压缩状态下具有较小的体积,易于输送。
进一步地,以前述实施例2的图示为例,在一些具体的实施例中,所述定位件12’通过拉线控制,所述定位件12’在拉线的控制下其相对瓣膜假体支架1轴线的可以打开角度范围为20°~60°,例如21°、23°、25°、28°、30°、33°、35°、38°、40°、43°、45°、48°、50°、53°、55°、58°、60°,可以在将定位件12捕捉或对齐原生瓣叶非闭合面时,无需水平移动瓣膜假体支架1,即可通过将定位件12打开更大的角度,获得更大的径向外伸尺寸,将定位件12’对齐原生瓣叶的非闭合面,使得瓣膜假体支架1的定位件12’顺利捕捉原生瓣叶。
进一步地,以前述实施例2的图示为例,在一些具体的实施例中,所述定位件12’通过拉线控制,所述定位件12’在拉线的控制下其相对瓣膜假体支架1轴线的可以打开角度范围为60°~90°,这里打开较大的角度,例如接近90°,其另外一个主要目的是,可以在定位件12’捕获原生瓣叶失败后进行补救,即虽然通过拉线控制定位件12’在捕获原生瓣叶之前打开更大的角度(如图13所示)来利于捕获原生瓣叶,后将定位件12’推入原生瓣叶非闭合面内部(如图14所示)即将瓣膜假体支架1向心室方向移动,但是由于例如:原生瓣叶在定位件12’推动过程中发生活动、影像设备角度不佳、显影不清晰等导致观察失误等原因,造成定位件12’未能成功插入原生瓣叶的非闭合面,传统的不能控制定位件12’张开角度的瓣膜假体支架1,只能将瓣膜假体支架1后退,即将定位件12’撤出原生瓣叶非闭合面,重新进行原生瓣叶的捕捉,在此实施例中,定位件12’可以打开较大的角度,例如75°、76°、77°、78°、79°、80°、81°、82°、83°、84°、85°、86°、87°、88°、89°、90°,在不进行瓣膜假体支架1后退的情况下,将未插入原生瓣叶非闭合面的定位件12’的流入端打开到高于未被捕获的原生瓣叶流出端的位置,再将定位件12’放下,实现了对原生瓣叶的二次捕捉,由于此时瓣膜假体支架1处于压缩的状态,因此主动脉内有足够的空间打开定位件12’,虽然可能定位件12’的流入端会碰触到主动脉壁,但其持续时间短,即后期不再打开,定位件12’流入端不再碰触主动脉壁,且是在瓣膜假体支架1处于压缩的状态下打开,即在瓣膜假体支架1压缩状态下打开定位件12’不会形成过大的瓣膜假体支架1水平外轮廓尺寸,即不会对主动脉壁产生较大的力,因此定位件12’可以在拉线的控制下打开相对较大的角度对原生瓣叶进行二次捕捉。
以前述实施例2的图示为例,在前述一个或多个实施例中,定位件12’上设置有配合部,拉线是通过配合部与定位件连接,可以理解的是,该配合部可以是任意能够与拉线连接的结构,例如孔、槽或凸台。
进一步地,以前述实施例2的图示为例,在一个具体的实施例中,如图5所示,配合部可以是直接在所述定位件12’的流入端设置一个或多个拉线孔77,其结构简单,所述拉线孔77用于穿过拉线,利用拉线通过拉线孔77控制定位件12’打开更大的角度。
进一步地,在另一具体的实施例中,如图15所示,所述定位件12’的流入端 的内侧设置有拉线环7A,这里定位件12’的流入端的内侧是指定位件12’的上侧面,例如图中的定位件12’整体是一个类似于V型的构造,其内凹侧(即上侧面)为其内侧。由于直接在定位件12’的流入端设置拉线孔77,可能会降低定位件12’流入端的强度,不利于定位件12’流入端的压缩与膨胀,因此在定位件12’的流入端的内侧设置有拉线环7A,再在所述拉线环7A设置有拉线孔77,所述拉线孔77用于穿过拉线,利用拉线通过拉线孔77控制定位件12’打开更大的角度。
进一步地,在一个具体的实施例中,拉线孔77构造成能被X射线识别。
在一些具体的实施例中,传统的定位件流入端设置有标记“marker”(标记是不透射线的),虽然“marker”的设置在一定程度上便捷了支架的定位植入,但是却存在着“marker”脱落的风险。如果“marker”脱落后随着血液流动进入其它器官,这将会严重影响使用者的安全。而现在取消“marker”安装孔,而是将拉线复合环的表面设置不透X射线标记层或在拉线复合环的表面增加高密度金属镀层等,使得拉线复合环能够在X射线下更加清晰。
在另一种实施方式中,参考图16-19,在图15所示拉线环7A的基础上,可以把拉线环7A做成特别的形状,如依次如图中所示的葫芦型,棱型,椭圆形,三角星型,猫爪型等,便于操作人员能够快速识别拉线环7A,以此替代标记“marker”。
进一步地,以图1所示实施例1为例,在一个具体的实施例中,所述定位件12的流入端的内侧设置有拉线复合环124,这里定位件12的流入端的内侧是指定位件12的上侧面,如图中所示的定位件12整体是一个类似于V型的构造,其内凹侧(即上侧面)为其内侧,由于定位件12需要捕捉原生瓣叶,因此定位件12的流入端的位置就尤为重要,为了定位件12的流入端的位置可以清晰的显示在影像设备上,所述拉线复合环124的流入端部分用于显影,这里给出的实施例是采用在拉线复合环124的流入端进行开标记嵌入孔,并在标记嵌入孔内嵌入标记件“marker”(标记件“marker”是不透射线的),以便于定位件12精准定位植入,确保定位件12能够精确的捕捉原生瓣叶并插入窦底,而所述拉线复合环124的流出端设置有拉线孔77,所述拉线孔77用于穿过拉线,利用拉线通过拉线孔77控制定位件12打开更大的角度,方便定位件12捕获原生瓣叶,减小操作难度,同 时定位件12流入端设置的拉线复合环124结构,将拉线控制与显影功能结合到一个位置(拉线复合环124),有效的提高了产品的空间利用率,这里需要说明的是,虽然在如图1中拉线复合环124是一个葫芦的形状,但是其形状包括但并不限于一个葫芦的形状,拉线复合环124可以是长方形、三角形、椭圆形等形状,而且采用特定的形状,也可以使其具有辅助识别的功能,例如在影像设备中呈现一个葫芦型,三角星型,棱型,猫爪型、椭圆形等形状,更加利于观察。
在另一些实施例中,通过在拉线复合环124(如图1所示)的流入端进行开标记嵌入孔镶嵌标记件“marker”,这样的设置,虽然可以实现定位件12’流入端的观察定位,但是却也受限于拉线复合环124流入端标记嵌入孔尺寸的限制而导致标记件“marker”的体积较小,不利于显影时的观察或说由于标记件“marker”的体积较小观察时的难度较大,这里为了增加拉线复合环124的显影功能。在一个具体的实施例中,如图20所示的局部放大示意图中,所述拉线复合环124包括连接杆702与拉线环701,如图21所示,在连接杆702上可安装C型件703,这里的C型件703配置成用于显影,具体而言,该C型件703采用不透射线的金属制成,可以在影像设备下呈现清楚的影像,而且由于C型件703是包裹在连接杆702上的,如图22所示,C型件703是一个横截面为类似于C型的部件,其C的开口可以打开与关闭,用于安装于连接杆702,这里C型件703的远离瓣膜假体支架1轴线方向的一侧为C型外侧壁70301,其夹在连接杆702周向方向两侧的侧壁为C型两侧壁70302,其为了减少C型件703造成的拉线复合环124外表面的不平整度,其C型外侧壁70301的厚度小于C型两侧壁70302的厚度,由于C型件703包裹在连接杆702上,所以其C型件703的体积相对较大,更加利于观察,降低了观察难度,所述连接杆702的流入端与定位件12’流入端固定连接,所述连接杆702的流出端固定连接拉线环701,这里的拉线环701的最大轮廓尺寸大于连接杆702的宽度(周向)尺寸,从而防止C型件703从连接杆702上滑落,将C型件703牢靠的限制在定位件12流入端内侧与拉线环701之间,所述拉线环701设置有拉线孔77,所述拉线孔77用于穿过拉线,利用拉线通过拉线孔77控制定位件12打开更大的角度。
在一个具体的实施例中,如图23所示,以前述实施例1的图示为例,所述定位件12可包括拉线复合环124,拉线复合环124固定连接至所述定位件12,且位于所述定位件朝向瓣膜假体支架1流出端一侧的内部,在一个优选实施例中,所述 拉线复合环124包括第一通孔1241和第二通孔1242,所述第一通孔1241用于显影,例如通过安装标记显影,所述第二通孔1242适于穿入拉线,且所述第二通孔1242比所述第一通孔1241更靠近所述瓣膜假体支架1流出端。
进一步地,在一种具体实施方式中,所述第一通孔1241的孔径大于所述第二通孔1242的孔径。定位件12的流入端设置的拉线复合环结构,将拉线与标记“marker”(标记是不透射线的)的安装结合到一个位置,有效的降低了产品的空间占有率。利用一个位置,可以实现定位件12的开合控制与定位,不仅提高了产品的压缩性能,利于产品使用导管进行输送,而且定位件可以张开还利于降低手术操作的难度。拉线复合环结构有两个通孔,大孔是为了放置marker点,以便于植入精准定位,确保定位件触及窦底,小孔方便穿入拉线,在植入过程中,通过拉线控制定位件张角,方便捕获瓣叶,减小操作难度,可通过拉线将定位件向心脏瓣膜支架外部牵拉。
进一步地,在一个具体的实施例中,第一通孔1241的表面设置不透X射线标记层或者高密度金属镀层;或者,拉线复合环124的外部轮廓被设置成葫芦型、三角星型、棱型或者猫爪型中的一种或多种,从而实现在手术过程中的显影功效。
进一步地,在一种优选的实施方式中,所述拉线复合环124设置在所述定位件流入端,且相对于支架轴线向内倾斜,防止在支架释放或释放后的稍微晃动,使拉线复合环124的流出端触碰主动脉壁,而损伤主动脉的情况发生,严重的可能会导致患者发生主动脉夹层,进而威胁患者生命。
在一些实施例中,由于紧固件13’的流入端相对靠近锚定部10’,因此在瓣膜假体支架1安装膨胀后,即瓣膜假体支架1在心脏内工作时,心脏处于舒张期(左心室舒张),此时主动脉内的血液将会反向冲击人工瓣叶,此时血液可能会沿着主动脉原生瓣叶与瓣膜假体支架1之间的间隙发生反流,显然紧固件13’的流入端到锚定部10’的流入端之间的距离较短,且紧固件13’上部没有覆膜,其反流的可能性较大,以实施例2所示附图为例,如图15和图24所示,通过所述紧固件13’的流入端部分在压缩状态时呈现水滴型构造,而所述紧固件13’的流入端部分在膨胀状态时呈现U型构造,大大的减小了瓣膜假体支架1在工作时紧固件13’流入端的开口尺寸,有效的防止了血液通过紧固件13’流入端发生反流,或 说使得发生的血液反流是在允许的范围内,不会通过紧固件13’流入端发生大量血液反流现象。
在一些实施例中,以实施例2所示附图为例,如图15和图24所示,为了配合紧固件13’流入端的形状,所述定位件12’的流入端部分在压缩状态时呈现水滴型构造,这样的设计不仅仅配合了紧固件13’,其定位件12’在捕获主动脉原生瓣叶时,其定位件12’流入端周向尺寸相对较小,更容易捕获主动脉原生瓣叶并插入主动脉窦内。
在一些实施例中,以实施例2所示附图为例,如图15所示,所述紧固件13’内部设置有加强支撑部6,所述加强支撑部6的流出端连接紧固件13’,所述加强支持部的流入端连接锚定部10’,加强支撑部6的主要作用是增加瓣膜假体支架1的周向支撑力,同时为瓣膜假体支架1的覆膜提供固定点,进一步的,如图25-图28中加强支撑部6所示,加强支撑部6可以是由若干根单一连杆无交叉结构组成的,例如由两根连杆独立构成或四根连杆独立构成(如图25、图26所示),也可以是由若干根连杆交叉结构形成菱形网格后,通过菱形网格形成加强支撑部6(如图27所示),或是由两者组合形成的(如图28所示),再进一步的,加强支撑部6可以与锚定部10’有一个连接点或多个连接点。在一些实施例中,加强支撑部6可代替加强网14的设置。
在一些实施例中,以实施例2所示附图为例,如图25-图28所示,所述紧固件13’的流入端不连接锚定部10’,所述紧固件13’通过加强支撑部6连接锚定部10’,使得锚定部10’不直接与紧固件13’进行连接,从而使得锚定部10’相对紧固件13’具有一定的灵活性,提高了其适用性能,加强支撑部6的主要作用是将锚定部10’与紧固件13’进行连接,同时也增加瓣膜假体支架1的周向支撑力,同时为瓣膜假体支架1的覆膜91提供固定点。
在一些实施例中,如图5所示,所述紧固件13’的流入端固定连接锚定部10’,形成一个相对稳定的结构。
在一个具体的实施例中,如图3所示,以实施例1所示附图为例,支撑件11包括第一支撑臂111以及第二支撑臂112,第一支撑臂111以及第二支撑臂112在支撑件11的流入端连接。支撑件11和定位件12均为图中所示、大致呈V型结构,且均朝向瓣膜假体支架的流入端,这样的设计可以使支撑件11的流出端留出更大的空 间,在该瓣膜假体植入患者体内后,如果患者的冠状动脉需要手术干预,相关器械可以自支撑件11流出端的空间穿入或穿出冠状动脉口,为后期手术干预留出相应空间。瓣膜假体支架1具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,在瓣膜假体支架的压缩状态下,第一支撑臂111以及第二支撑臂112呈线性。如此设置,使得相邻第一支撑臂111和第二支撑臂112在压缩时会充分靠拢。而且线性的结构可以保证两者在压缩时不会干涉,因此,第一定位臂和第二定位臂为线性的目的也是为了在压缩时会充分靠拢而不会干涉。与此同时,通过将第一定位臂121和第二定位臂122设置呈线性,以及第一支撑臂111和第二支撑臂112设置呈线性,使得本支架能够采用一根钢管进行机加而成的,线性的设计利于加工,减短了加工路径,降低了加工成本。
在一个具体实施方式中,紧固件13的宽度比支撑件11和定位件12的宽度更宽,以提供强有力的支撑。
在一个具体实施方式中,当瓣膜假体支架1处于压缩状态,且不对定位件12施加外力时,支撑件11具有第一张开角度,定位件12具有向外的第二张开角度,第二张开角度为4°-14°,且第一张开角度小于第二张开角度。定位件12与紧固件13产生一定的张角,在瓣膜假体支架1未完全打开时,使定位件12的流入端与中心轴线的径向距离更大,方便拉线对定位件12的拉伸控制(反之,如果定位件12不预打开,则在压缩状态下的支架中,其与拉线几乎在同一直线上,很难通过拉线对定位件12打开更大的角度),便于定位件12插入主动脉窦底,减少手术难度。定位件12既可以起到对瓣膜假体支架1的定位作用,又可起到防止瓣膜假体支架1向左心室方向移位、促使人工瓣叶的远心端与原生瓣叶的远心端对齐,使其最大程度的还原原生瓣叶的功能,起到更好的替代原生瓣叶,尽量减少人为干预对主动脉瓣结构的影响,降低了对血流的影响,减少血栓的发生。而第二张开角度为4°-14°的设置能够使得瓣膜假体支架1完全释放后,定位件12与紧固件13既能夹紧原生瓣膜,又能防止原生瓣膜自由运动,同时保证原生瓣叶与支架紧密贴合,减少了瓣周漏。
在一个或多个实施例中,如图23所示,以实施例1所示附图为例,支撑件11包括适于穿入拉线的支撑件拉线环114,该支撑件拉线环114设置于支撑件11的流入端。通过支撑件拉线环114易于通过拉线的方式使得支撑件11与瓣膜假体支架1 的轴线之间形成夹角,以易于捕捉原生瓣页。
进一步地,在一个具体的实施例中,当瓣膜假体支架1处于压缩状态时,所述支撑件拉线环114的位置与所述拉线复合环124的位置轴向对齐,从而使得瓣膜假体支架1整体更加紧凑。
在一个具体的实施例中,所述支撑件拉线环114相对于所述支撑件11向外倾斜,优选地,以实施例1所示附图为例,请参见图29,所述支撑件拉线环114相对于所述支撑件11向外倾斜角度α为100°-160°,从而支撑件拉线环相对于支架的轴线向外倾斜,这样的设置使得该支撑件拉线环不会干涉到人工瓣叶,而且此时支撑件11拉线环朝向瓣膜,能够使得瓣膜更加牢靠的固定在支撑件11与定位件12之间。如图6所示,本变形例可降低实施例1或2将原生瓣叶夹合到定位件与支撑件之间的难度,在支撑件11的流入端增加支撑件拉线环114,通过一根拉线3001控制定位件12,一根拉线3002控制支撑件11,使得定位件12向外侧打开,从而限制支撑件向外弯折角度,从而使两者形成较大的间隙,便于将原生瓣叶夹入定位件12与支撑件11之间。
在一个具体的实施例中,如图3所示,以实施例1所示附图为例,每一个定位件12包括第一定位臂121以及第二定位臂122,第一定位臂121和第二定位臂122在定位件的流入端连接。紧固件13包括第一紧固弧131以及第二紧固弧132,第一紧固弧131以及第二紧固弧132在紧固件的流入端连接。瓣膜假体支架1具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,如图3所示,在瓣膜假体支架1的压缩状态下,第一定位臂121和第二定位臂122呈线性。将第一定位臂121和第二定位臂122设计成线性的目的在于为了便于压缩,且在进行充分压缩时,其占用的空间最小。可以理解的是,瓣膜假体支架1的压缩状态在进行置换术时能够实现便于对瓣膜假体支架1在人体内进行输送。
在一个具体实施方式中,如图2所示,以实施例1所示附图为例,瓣膜假体支架1伸展状态下,沿瓣膜假体支架1的轴向,定位件12的流入端最靠近瓣膜假体支架1流入端之处与瓣膜假体支架1最远端的垂直距离H1为4mm-8mm。在一个优选的实施例中,该距离为6mm,该尺寸的长度,约等于锚定部10展开后的轴向长度,如果尺寸过大,则锚定部10的流入端容易触碰希氏束,引起心脏传导阻滞,影响心脏的正常跳动,严重时会导致心脏停跳而危及患者生命。如果尺寸过小, 则与主动脉瓣环之间的锚定力有限,瓣膜假体在左心室收缩时,容易被血流冲进主动脉中造成主动脉损伤,严重时形成主动脉夹层而危及患者生命。
在一个或多个实施例中,为了更好的使瓣膜假体支架1夹持原生瓣叶,请参见图5,以实施例2所示附图为例,所述定位件12’和紧固件13’具有协作的形状,即定位件12’的形状大致与紧固件13’相同、共形(conform),将心脏瓣膜的原生瓣叶夹持在所述定位件12’和紧固件13’之间,由于定位件12’的形状大致与紧固件13’相同,因此可以牢靠的有效固定原生瓣叶。
在一些实施例中,如图5以及图6所示,以实施例2所示附图为例,由于每个人都是一个都是独立的个体,因此主动脉瓣也会有细微的差距,因此所述定位件12’的流出端与紧固件13’的流出端通过延长杆4固定连接,在一定程度上增加了定位件12’相对紧固件13’的调节能力,也在一定程度上可以调控整个瓣膜假体支架1的长度,可以适应更加广泛的人群。
进一步地,如图5以及图6所示,通过延长杆4的设置,使得人工瓣叶的流出端能够与延长杆4进行配合,形成轴向方向更长的人工瓣叶流出端闭合区间,增加了人工瓣叶9相互之间的密封性,因为延长杆4设置于紧固件13’的流出端上侧,所以使得所述人工瓣叶的流出端比紧固件13’流出端更靠近瓣膜假体支架1流出端,从而也使得形成的人工瓣叶流出端的闭合区间也就位于比紧固件13’流出端更靠近瓣膜假体支架1流出端的位置,有效的利用延长杆4延长了人工瓣叶9轴向方向的长度,防止了因增加人工瓣叶闭合区间的长度而导致人工瓣叶9非闭合区间轴向长度的缩短,因为过短的人工瓣叶其灵活性相对较弱,从而造成人工瓣叶9开合相对困难,而通过延长杆4来实现人工瓣叶流出端闭合区间的轴向增长,并不会影响人工瓣叶9的非闭合区间轴向长度。
进一步地,如图5以及图6所示,为了增加人工瓣叶9流出端的闭合性能,在所述延长杆4的内部设置有瓣叶缝合孔401,所述瓣叶缝合孔401与人工瓣叶9的流出端的两端固定连接,并通过瓣叶缝合孔401将相邻的人工瓣叶9的流出端紧密结合贴靠在一起,有效的防止了血液通过人工瓣叶9流出端闭合处发生反流。
以前述实施例2的图示为例,并请进一步结合参见图30,在前述一个或多个实施例中,由于定位件12’需要插入主动脉窦底部,在心脏舒张期,即左心室处于舒张状态,此时主动脉瓣(人工心脏瓣膜/瓣膜假体支架1)关闭,防止血液从 主动脉内反流至心脏,所以人工心脏瓣膜需要承受一定的反向压力,防止血液反流,由于定位件12’插入主动脉窦,所以定位件12’的流入端将会下压主动脉窦底部,为了防止定位件12’戳破主动脉窦,因此,将定位件12’的流入端做的相对平整,增大定位件12’流入端与主动脉窦底的接触面积,因此所述定位件12’流入端两侧边缘的第二弧形段以及第三弧形段所在圆(O1)的直径小于定位件12’流入端两侧的中间部分第一弧形段的边缘所在圆(O2)的直径,进一步的,还可以对定位件12’流入端进行包裹处理,例如使用与人工瓣叶9相同的材料对定位件12’流入端进行包裹,使其形成相对柔软的定位件12’流入端。
在一个或多个实施例中,定位件12的数量是在支架周向设置的三个。
在一个或多个实施例中,以实施2所示附图为例,请参见图31以及图32,所述定位件12’的流出端具有呈波浪形的一段。为波浪线弯曲杆结构201,这样的设置带来的显著优点主要有三点,首先,定位件12’在夹持原生瓣叶时,定位件12’的流出端对应着原生瓣叶的流出端,也就是原生瓣叶的自由端,波浪线弯曲杆结构201增大了定位件12’与原生瓣叶的接触面积,有效的增加了定位件12’夹持原生瓣叶的稳定性,其次,在使用拉线控制定位件12’打开更大的角度时,定位件12’打开的变形可以由波浪线弯曲杆结构201部分进行弯曲打开定位件12’,减小了定位件12’流出端连接处的变形幅度,降低了其变形应力可能造成的定位件12’流出端连接处的损坏,最后,波浪线弯曲杆结构201也使得定位件12’在轴向方向具有了一定的弹性,在心脏舒张期阻挡血液反流时,可以缓冲血液反流的冲击力,减少定位件12’流入端对主动脉窦底的伤害,当然,为了进一步的增加定位件12’轴向方向的弹性,如图31-图32所示,波浪线弯曲杆结构201的弯曲幅度相对较大,例如S型,或是由横向的U型结构杆交替形成的波浪线弯曲杆结构201,可以有效的增大定位件12’在轴向方向的弹性。
在一个或多个实施例中,以实施2所示附图为例,请参见图5,锚定部10’由周向连接的菱形网格100’连接形成,使得锚定部10’自身易于压缩、运输。
进一步地,构成所述锚定部10’的杆101’的宽度中央小两头大。因为杆101’的两头的宽度最宽,在杆101’在靠近菱形网格100’连接区的位置最宽且变形也就最困难,所以在压缩与膨胀的过程中会产生较大的应力,容易造成杆101’在靠近菱形网格100’连接区的位置发生断裂。通过增加弯曲结构,减小了杆101’在靠近菱 形网格100’连接区的位置的弯曲应力,可以该支架的锚定部的压缩和自膨胀过程,防止杆发生断裂。
进一步地,请参见图28,相邻菱形网格100’连接区域分别沿着所述瓣膜假体支架的周向和纵向延伸预定长度,沿着所述瓣膜假体支架的周向方向,所述相邻菱形网格连接区域包括凹陷的弯曲结构102’。菱形网格连接区域的弯曲结构的作用可防止组成锚定部的杆发生断裂。
在一个或多个实施例中,锚定部10的流入端的相对于流出端外扩,即可以理解为锚定部10自流出端至流入端的延伸方向相对于支架的中轴线外扩,使得所述锚定部的流出端直径小于锚定部流入端的直径,并且外扩的角度为6°-14°。需要产生外扩的原因是防止轻量化心脏瓣膜支架往主动脉方向位移,起到锚定作用。同时,而不能产生过大的角度原因是防止触碰希氏束,从而影响心脏的正常跳动,危及生命。
在一个或多个实施例中,以实施例1所示附图为例,请参见图1,所述定位件12的流出端设置有连接部15,该连接部15用于与输送系统连接。在附图所示的实施方式中,瓣膜假体支架1可包括3个结构相同的支撑件、定位件、紧固件和连接件。相邻的连接件通过支撑件、定位件和紧固件相连。同时,相邻的支撑件、定位件和紧固件又通过连接件相连。当心脏瓣膜支架处于伸展状态时,基本上呈圆筒状。心脏瓣膜原生瓣叶的流出端则可夹在支撑件和定位件之间(图中未示出),当然在其他实施例中,原生瓣叶也可以不夹在两者之间。
进一步地,具体而言,连接部15包括连接腹板150与连接块151,所述连接腹板150的流入端连接所述定位件12的流出端,所述连接腹板150的流出端连接所述连接块151,所述连接块151的周向宽度大于所述连接腹板150的周向宽度,在一些实施例中,为了更好的配合输送装置进行输送,所述连接部15包括连接腹板150与连接块151,所述连接腹板150的流入端连接定位件12的流出端,所述连接腹板150的流出端连接有连接块151,所述连接块151的周向宽度大于连接腹板150的周向宽度,通过这样的连接部15设计,可以便于输送系统远端300与瓣膜假体支架1流出端的连接分离,结合附图33、图34叙述输送系统远端300(本实施例中“远端”指的是所述输送系统远离使用者操纵的端部的一侧)的工作原理,输送系统在输送过程中瓣膜假体支架1为压缩状态,输送系统远端300包括外导管 301,所述外导管301内部设置有中导管304,所述中导管304的远端设置有与瓣膜假体支架1的连接部15匹配的凹槽30401,通过连接部15流出端的周向宽度大于连接腹板150的周向宽度对应中导管304的远端形状匹配的凹槽30401,其凹槽30401的远端尺寸可以通过连接腹板150,而无法通过连接块151,使得瓣膜假体支架1的连接部15在轴向方向可以稳定的被限制于凹槽30401内,而外导管301包围中导管304,使得瓣膜假体支架1的连接部15也无法从凹槽30401内弹出,同时也使得瓣膜假体支架1流出端处于压缩状态,在中导管304内部设置有内导管302,所述内导管302穿过瓣膜假体支架1的内部,在内导管302的远端连接套管303,套管303设置在内导管302的远端部分外侧,其套管303与内导管302之间留有安装瓣膜假体支架1的间隙,套管303将瓣膜假体支架1的流入端,包括定位件12、支撑件11等的流入端压缩在其套管303内部,即套管303与内导管302之间的间隙,从而保持了瓣膜假体支架1流入端处于压缩状态,最终将瓣膜假体支架1以压缩状态进行输送,在进行瓣膜假体支架1释放时,先前推内导管302与套管303,使得定位件12从套管303内脱离释放,当然通过共同回拉外导管301与中导管304,带动瓣膜假体支架1后移,使定位件12从套管303内脱离释放也可以,将定位件12对齐主动脉原生瓣叶,并前推外导管301与中导管304(或外导管301、中导管304与内导管302),使得定位件12捕获原生瓣叶,即将定位件12插入主动脉窦内,此时再次前推内导管302与套管303,使得瓣膜假体支架1流入端完全释放,即瓣膜假体支架1流入端完全从套管303内脱离释放,之后再回拉外导管301或前推中导管304,使得瓣膜假体支架1的连接部15或中导管304的凹槽30401脱离外导管301的覆盖范围,此时瓣膜假体支架1的流出端的连接部15没有径向方向的膨胀阻力,在瓣膜假体支架1的膨胀作用下,连接部15从凹槽30401中弹出,从而瓣膜假体支架1的流出端脱离输送系统远端300,进而完成整个瓣膜假体支架1的完全释放,之后将输送系统撤出人体,瓣膜假体支架1将稳定的存留在心脏之中。
在一个实施例中,为了适应某些患者主动脉根部较短,减少连接块151对主动脉壁的损伤,将连接部15,特别是连接板151设计成向中心轴倾斜,构成收拢的结构,收拢的角度为3-10°,为了同时兼顾瓣膜假体支架的固定性,可以将瓣叶缝合孔401处设计成向外周凸出,或者由于瓣叶穿过瓣叶缝合孔401而形成外凸结构。
在前述一个或多个实施例中,以实施例2所示附图为例,请参见图35,所述锚定部10’上还设置有倒刺1001,所述倒刺1001设置于所述锚定部10’的流入端,并朝向所述锚定部的流出端延伸。在支架远离心脏时,倒刺1001与瓣环相干涉而阻止支架沿着主动脉远离心脏,倒刺可以周向的设置3个、6个等,均匀分布,保持受力均匀。
进一步地,在一些具体的实施例中,倒刺1001的延伸方向与相对所述锚定部向外倾斜。
进一步地,在一些实施例中,倒刺1001的延伸方向与相对所述锚定部的倾角为5°~15°。
进一步地,在一些实施例中,沿瓣膜假体支架的轴线方向,所述倒刺1001的长度与所述菱形网格100’的长度比值为1:5至1:10,如此设置使得支架正常释放时,倒刺的自由端与瓣环不接触,当支架被血流向上冲击而移位时,倒刺与瓣环干涉,防止支架进一步向上移位,进入起到防止预防支架轴向运动的作用。
进一步地,在一些实施例中,所述倒刺1001对应定位件12’的流入端正下方设置于所述菱形网格100’中。如此设置能够保证倒刺1001位于保持拱的流入端正下方的菱形网格,此时倒刺正对着所对应保持拱夹持的原生瓣叶的中部,利于倒刺与瓣环之间发生干涉,防止支架沿着主动脉远离心脏的方向运动。
在一个或多个实施例中,以实施例1所示图示为例,请参见图36,所述加强网14可包括沿着从支架轴向依次设置的第一自膨胀弧141、第二自膨胀弧142和第三自膨胀弧143。所述第一自膨胀弧141的一端与紧固件的第一紧固弧131固定连接,另一端与相邻紧固件的第二紧固弧132固定连接,且朝向瓣膜假体支架流入端凸起。所述第二自膨胀弧142的两端分别固定连接至所述第一自膨胀弧141,且朝向支架流出端凸起。所述第三自膨胀弧的一端与紧固件的第一紧固弧固定连接,另一端与相邻紧固件的第二紧固弧132固定连接,且朝向瓣膜假体支架流入端凸起。所述第二自膨胀弧142和所述第三自膨胀弧143之间存在间隙。
进一步地,在一个具体的实施例中,请继续参见图37,当瓣膜假体支架处于伸展状态时,紧固件的第一紧固弧与相邻紧固件的第二紧固弧形成第一圆角144;第二自膨胀弧具有第二圆角145,第三自膨胀弧具有第三圆角146。第三圆角146不大于其对应的相邻紧固弧形成的第一圆角144,因为越靠近紧固件流出端 的连接处,其空间越小,即构成本发明瓣膜假体支架的支柱越密集,压缩难度越大。即空档区域越少,假设第三圆角146大于第一圆角144,该瓣膜假体支架在被压缩时,两个自膨臂Ⅲ由于在两个紧固弧之间,所以两个自膨臂Ⅲ靠近的距离相对于两个紧固弧靠近的距离会更小,所以两个自膨臂Ⅲ会非常靠近,因此过大的第三圆角146会阻止两个自膨臂Ⅲ相互靠近,甚至阻挡相邻紧固弧靠近,所以会造成该返流支架压缩困难,甚至在压缩的过程中过大的第三圆角146会因为过渡的挤压而发生断裂,而第二圆角145对应的第二自膨弧152具有较大的跨度,所以需要提供足够大的支撑力以满足其实现较大的跨度,所以第二圆角145是大于第一圆角144的,显然,类似与上述第三圆角146与第二第一圆角144的大小关系的原因,第二圆角145是大于所对应的第二自膨弧142的两个自膨臂Ⅱ1421连接处所形成的圆角。
在一种具体实施方式中,第一自膨弧的宽度大于第二自膨弧与第三自膨弧的宽度。第一自膨弧的尺寸相对第二自膨弧、第三自膨弧的尺寸大,而且跨度也最大,所以第一自膨弧需要提供更大的径向支撑力,依此保证其稳定支撑性能,所以第一自膨弧的宽度较宽,通过第一自膨弧、第二自膨弧、第三自膨弧构成的加强网设置,不仅依旧能够防止原生瓣膜侵入人工瓣膜,而且还解决了相邻紧固弧之间径向支撑力弱,自膨胀不到位的问题。
在另一实施例中,如图38所示,在一个可选的实施例中,加强网14由曲自膨弧147、联结格148及第三自膨弧143组成。曲自膨弧147由四段组成,分别为曲臂Ⅰ1471、曲臂Ⅱ1472、曲臂Ⅲ1473、曲臂Ⅳ1474。其中曲臂Ⅰ、曲臂Ⅳ分别连接紧固弧靠近流入端的0.25到0.33处(紧固件由两个紧固弧构成),其中曲臂Ⅰ、曲臂Ⅱ的流入端固定连接,且连接处与锚定部连接,其中曲臂Ⅲ、曲臂Ⅳ的流入端固定连接,且连接处与锚定部连接,其中曲臂Ⅱ、曲臂Ⅲ的流出端固定连接,且连接处固定连接联结格,联结格包括两个联结臂1481。
两个联结臂1481的流入端位置相互连接,并且其连接处固定连接曲自膨弧,其中曲自膨弧的曲臂Ⅰ、曲臂Ⅱ、曲臂Ⅲ、曲臂Ⅳ的长度相等,两个联结臂的流出端位置相互连接,并且其连接处固定连接第三自膨弧,第三自膨弧包括两个自膨臂Ⅲ,其中自膨臂Ⅲ的流出端与紧固弧连接,且连接点在靠近紧固弧流出端Q长度的位置,Q值小于等于1/4的紧固弧长度,自膨臂Ⅲ的长度Z不小于0.8Q,从 而实现联结格会支撑第三自膨弧和曲自膨弧,在一定程度上促进了该返流支架的自膨胀,不会阻挡牵拉第三自膨弧和曲自膨弧,而影响该返流支架膨胀,该数据的得出是通过计算发现,这里需要说明的,相邻紧固件的张开角度一般小于60°,当自膨臂Ⅲ的长度Z小于0.6Q时,联结格的轴向高度H,也就是第三自膨弧和曲自膨弧之间的距离,会随着该返流支架的膨胀而增大,从而无法达到支撑第三自膨弧和曲自膨弧的目的,所以取自膨臂Ⅲ的长度Z不小于0.8Q,其中0.6~0.8的区间主要是做系数缓冲区。
在一种具体实施方式中,请继续参见图38,第一自膨弧141由两个自膨臂Ⅰ1411构成,两个自膨臂Ⅰ的流出端分别与两个紧固弧的中部位置固定连接,两个自膨臂Ⅰ的流入端相互连接,且连接处与锚定部也固定连接。第二自膨弧142由两个自膨臂Ⅱ1421构成,两个自膨臂Ⅱ的流入端分别与两个自膨臂Ⅰ的中部位置固定连接,两个自膨臂Ⅱ的流出端相连接。自膨臂Ⅱ的长度不大于自膨臂Ⅰ长度的一半,优选的,自膨臂Ⅱ的长度为自膨臂Ⅰ长度的一半。第三自膨弧143由两个自膨臂Ⅲ1431构成,两个自膨臂Ⅲ的流出端分别与两个紧固弧靠近流出端的1/4处固定连接,两个自膨臂Ⅱ的流入端相连接。自膨臂Ⅲ的长度不大于自膨臂Ⅱ的长度一半,优选的,自膨臂Ⅲ的长度为自膨臂Ⅱ长度的一半;上述的设计,可以实现空间的合理利用,而且实现一个管材就可以实现其结构。
在本变形例中,设置有第一自膨弧141、第二自膨弧142及第三自膨弧143,但是这并不代表加强网仅仅设置三个自膨弧,可以在第二自膨弧142的内侧设置一个新的自膨弧,而新的自膨弧的两个自膨臂连接处所形成的圆角不大于对应的第二自膨弧142的两个自膨臂Ⅱ1421连接处所形成的圆角,而且新的自膨弧的自膨臂的宽度并且小于其连接的自膨弧的自膨臂,以此减少空间占用率,新的自膨弧还可以再设置新的自膨弧,同理,第三自膨弧的内侧也可以设置新的自膨弧,但是加强网总的自膨弧数量不超过5个,以免影响该瓣膜假体支架的压缩性能。
进一步地,在一个具体的实施例中,联结格148的联结臂上还可以设置有联结孔,其每个联结臂上的联结孔可以设置一个或多个,当联结孔设置一个时,设置在联结臂的中部。当联结孔设置多个时,联结孔均匀分布在联结臂上。此时,通过缝合线分别穿过两个联结臂上的联结孔,并拉紧缝合线,这里采用的缝合线是具有弹性的,可以通过拉线控制瓣膜假体支架的流入端缓慢膨开,减少对主动 脉壁或原生瓣叶的拍打之类的影响。为了实现联结格具有一定的灵活性,依旧可以有一定程度的周向长度方向上的变形,但同时限制联结格在周向长度上的增大,所以联结格的轴向高度将会增大,所以联结格会提供一个更大的力去支撑第三自膨弧和曲自膨弧,从而更加促进了第三自膨弧的张开与曲自膨弧的张开,使得该返流支架能够自膨胀达到预期效果。为了实现联结格的两个联结臂在膨胀时能够分别向两侧弯曲,联结臂为弧线结构,相对于联结格,其弧线结构的凹面朝向内侧,弧线结构的凸面朝向外侧。
在一个具体的实施例中,锚定部结构单元为菱形结构,加强网流入端的加强网结构单元与锚定部的一个锚定部结构单元公用一个顶点,加强网流出端的加强网结构单元与紧固件的紧固弧共用一条或者两条边。
进一步地,在一个具体的实施例中,沿着从支架流出端到流入端的轴向方向,所述加强网14依次包括相互连接的三层加强网结构单元,第一层包括一个加强网结构单元,第二层包括两个加强网结构单元,第三层包括一个加强网结构单元。第一层的加强网结构单元与其左边的紧固件的第二紧固弧共用一条边,且与其右边的紧固件的第一紧固弧共用一条边。第二层左侧的加强网结构单元与其左边的紧固件的第二紧固弧共用一条边,第二层右侧的加强网结构单元与与其右边的紧固件的第一紧固弧共用一条边。第三层的加强网结构单元与锚定部结构单元共用一个顶点。在该实施方式中,加强网第二层的加强网结构单元连接区域分别沿着瓣膜假体支架的周向和纵向延伸预定长度,沿着瓣膜假体支架的周向方向,所述加强网结构单元连接区域包括朝向其凹陷的弯曲结构。加强网结构单元连接区域的弯曲结构的作用可防止组成加强网的杆发生断裂。
在一个或多个实施例中,瓣膜假体还包括覆膜91,所述覆膜91安装于瓣膜假体支架内侧,且所述覆膜91流出端与所述紧固件13’连接,所述覆膜91的流入端连接于所述锚定部10’。
进一步地,在一个具体的实施例中,如图56-57所示,瓣膜假体还包括人工瓣叶9,如图39-图43所示,所述人工瓣叶9包括人工瓣叶主体901与设置于人工瓣叶主体901流出端的人工瓣叶耳部902,所述人工瓣叶耳部902穿过瓣叶缝合孔401包裹延长杆4,所述人工瓣叶9的流入端边缘与覆膜91连接,所述覆膜91安装于瓣膜假体支架1内侧,且覆膜91流出端与紧固件13’连接,覆膜91流入端连接于锚 定部10’。
进一步地,在一个具体的实施例中,所述人工瓣叶主体901流入端边缘与覆膜91连接处设置有防磨条92,防磨条92的设置首先是增加了人工瓣叶9流入端的抗撕裂能力,其次是降低了人工瓣叶9流入端与覆膜91的摩擦而对人工瓣叶9的损伤,提高了人工瓣叶9的使用寿命,而且防磨条92的设置也相当于人工瓣叶9与覆膜91之间的缓冲层,有效的缓冲了人工瓣叶9在开合过程中对覆膜91的撕扯作用力,增加了该人工心脏瓣膜的使用寿命。
进一步地,在一些具体的实施例中,对防磨条92进行如下设计,所述防磨条92为折叠的结构(如图42所示),即所述防磨条92的横截面为U型结构,所述人工瓣叶主体901流入端边缘设置于折叠的所述防磨条92内部,将人工瓣叶主体901的边缘完全包裹,有效的增加了人工瓣叶主体901的边缘抗撕裂能力,而且使用缝合线固定人工瓣叶9与覆膜91时,相对于采用传统的防磨条92’(如图41所示),其传统的防磨条92’仅仅位于人工瓣叶9与覆膜91之间,因此位于人工瓣叶9内侧(靠近瓣膜假体支架1轴线方向)的缝合线产生的作用力将直接作用于人工瓣叶9,而人工瓣叶9在承受血液的冲击时,其人工瓣叶主体901与覆膜91连接处一定会受到一定的撕扯,因此位于人工瓣叶9内侧(靠近瓣膜假体支架1轴线方向)的缝合线产生的作用力很容易损坏人工瓣叶9,造成人工瓣叶9失效,进而整个人工心脏瓣膜失效(但这里需要说明的是,本申请中,覆膜91与人工瓣叶9连接所采用可以且不限于为传统的防磨条92’),而折叠的、U型结构的防磨条92,将整个将人工瓣叶主体901的边缘完全包裹,缝合线产生的力完全作用于防磨条92,降低了缝合线直接对人工瓣叶9的撕扯力,提高了人工心脏瓣膜的使用寿命,利于人工心脏瓣膜长久的在人体内工作。
在一些实施例中,如图40所示,由于人工瓣叶9的边缘是弯曲的,所以在折叠防磨条92时,会发生材料挤压重叠的现象,而为了解决该现象,将所述防磨条92的折叠部分设置有3~10个应力缺口1101,从而减少防磨条92在折叠时材料挤压重叠的现象,这里应力缺口1101可以设置于折叠线1102的外侧,也可以设置于折叠线1102的内侧,进一步的,位于折叠线1102两侧的防磨条92的材料可以是一体结构,也可以是由不同的材料于折叠线1102处通过缝合、胶粘等方式连接形成。
在一些实施例中,为了降低防磨条92与人工瓣叶9的摩擦损伤,也为了尽量保证防磨条92与人工瓣叶9具有一样的力学性能,来保证人工瓣叶9具有更好的开合稳定性,所述防磨条92与所述人工瓣叶9的材质相同。
在一个具体的实施例中,人工瓣叶9的流出端比紧固件13’流出端更靠近瓣膜假体支架1流出端,从而使得形成的人工瓣叶9流出端的闭合区间也就位于比紧固件13’流出端更靠近瓣膜假体支架1流出端的位置,有效的利用延长杆4延长了人工瓣叶9轴向方向的长度,防止了因增加人工瓣叶9闭合区间的长度而导致人工瓣叶9非闭合区间轴向长度的缩短,因为过短的人工瓣叶9其灵活性相对较弱,从而造成人工瓣叶9开合相对困难。
在一种具体实施方式中,人工瓣叶设置的耳部相对于人工瓣叶主体上平线向下倾斜,其主要原因是:为了进一步的缩短支架的长度,所以缝合孔401的位置距离人工瓣叶的流入端相对于人工瓣叶的流出端距离人工瓣叶的流入端而言,距离会更短,所以人工瓣叶的耳部为了能够顺利放入缝合孔401内,所以需要向下倾斜,而且向下倾斜的两个人工瓣叶耳部在连接框架的作用下会相互平行,所以此时人工瓣叶主体上平线就会弯曲,利于工瓣叶的闭合。
在一些实施例中,如图44所示,由于锚定部10’的外侧(远离瓣膜假体支架1轴线方向)需要与主动脉瓣环接触,用来限制瓣膜假体支架1在轴向方向远离左心室的方向的位移,因此锚定部10’会与主动脉瓣环经常接触,为了减少瓣膜假体支架1裸漏的锚定部10’对瓣膜的损坏,所述覆膜91的流入端从瓣膜假体支架1内侧外翻至瓣膜假体支架1外侧形成锚定部10’外裙边1000,进一步的,外裙边1000可由坚固的、耐久性材料,比如编织的PET激光切割或以其他方式形成材料,也可以使用其它合成的或天然的材料,其外裙边1000可以与覆膜91为一体的结构,也可以是通过缝合、胶粘等方式与覆膜91进行连接设置的。
传统的瓣膜假体采用的覆膜多为PET编织的材料,而编织的纹路多为横平竖直,即PET编织布的横线与纵线相互垂直90°,而在缝合时,PET编织布的纵线与该瓣膜假体支架的轴线相互平行,而横线与该瓣膜假体支架的周向方向相平行,所以在该瓣膜假体支架压缩过程中,由于覆膜与支架相固定。所以,PET编织布的纵线长度是确定的,而该瓣膜假体支架在压缩的过程中会增长,尤其是锚定部的菱形结构的连杆相互连接点中的上下两个连接点的长度会增加,而与其固 定PET覆膜的纵线(下称:纵线)并不会增长,所以此时的纵线就会阻挡锚定部的菱形结构压缩边长,所以此时菱形结构在外力的作用下继续压缩,而纵线却一直阻挡菱形结构压缩,所以此时的锚定部的菱形结构在压缩和阻挡压缩的两个力的作用下,极易产生菱形结构的变形而损坏菱形结构。但是这里需要说明的是,传统的横平竖直的PET覆膜产生的阻挡压缩的力不仅仅作用于锚定部的菱形结构,也作用于加强网的菱形结构及紧固件,阻挡两者的压缩,从而影响整个支架的压缩,甚至其产生的阻止该瓣膜假体支架的作用力在使得整个支架在压缩过程中造成支架损坏。
在一个或多个实施例中,本该支架使用PET材料编织的网布进行覆膜,覆膜通过与抗返流心脏瓣膜支架的各部件进行缝合,因为抗返流心脏瓣膜支架错综复杂,从而使得覆膜能够牢靠的固定在抗返流心脏瓣膜支架内侧。由于抗返流心脏瓣膜支架的尺寸会改变,人工瓣叶如果与抗返流心脏瓣膜支架相缝合,那么随着抗返流心脏瓣膜支架的变化,人工瓣叶的尺寸和形状也需要跟着变化,降低了人工瓣叶的通用性,增加了成本,而且因为需要保证人工瓣叶的性能参数符合要求,所以改变瓣膜大小和形状需要重新进行设计使其达到标准,所以人工瓣叶人工不具备通用性也会增加了设计人员的设计强度。采用人工瓣叶与覆膜相结合的方式,与传统的使用整体人工瓣叶覆盖整个抗返流心脏瓣膜支架的方式相比,增加了抗返流心脏瓣膜支架的可压缩性,因为使用的PET材料编织的网布的厚度小于人工瓣叶,降低了对抗返流心脏瓣膜支架内部空间的占用,所以增加了抗返流心脏瓣膜支架的可压缩性。
在一些具体的实施例中,人工瓣叶可包含一种或多种合成材料、工程化生物组织、生物瓣叶组织、心包组织、交联心包组织、主动脉根组织、经化学或生物加工/处理的组织,或它们的组合。在一些实施例中,心包组织选自但不限于由牛、马、猪、绵羊及人的组织或它们组合所组成的群组。
在本实施例中,人工瓣叶的流入端固定方式不再是与紧固弓固定连接而是跨过紧固弓,与紧固弓与卡位端抗返流心脏瓣膜支架的覆膜固定连接,由于覆膜是可以使用缝合线任意穿透的,所以可以使人工瓣叶紧固的与覆膜进行连接,而且可以增加缝合的密度,使其人工瓣叶与覆膜之间的密封性能更好,防止了血液通过人工瓣叶与覆膜的结合位置发生泄漏,而且通过覆膜与人工瓣叶进行缝合,操 作人员无需使缝合线频繁的绕过紧固弓或固定孔,降低了操作人员的劳动强度,提高了效率。
在一种具体实施方式中,人工瓣叶如果与支架相缝合,那么随着支架的变化,人工瓣叶也必然随着支架运动,而且支架的运动相对于覆膜是刚性的,即运动状态固定,所以人工瓣叶和支架缝合,在支架压缩过程中,支架会对人工瓣叶产生撕扯,而人工瓣叶和覆膜相缝合,覆膜相对柔软,并允许一定程度的位移,所以不会对人工瓣叶产生强有力的撕扯力,保证了人工瓣叶的安全。
在一种具体实施方式中,为了覆膜能够适应该抗返流支架,对PET编织布的进行设计,改善了人工瓣叶与连接框架固定方式。PET编织布通常可由纵线(经线)和横线(纬线)编织而成。参考图45,PET编织布的纵线与横线的角度设置为60°~90°。设置该角度的原因在于:卡位端及其加强网的菱形结构中的任意两个直接连接的连杆形成的夹角(锐角或钝角的补角)的范围是60°~90°,所以使得PET编织布的纵线与横线形成的夹角与菱形结构中的相连接的连杆形成的夹角(锐角或钝角的补角)一致。需要声明的是,当菱形结构中的相连接的连杆形成的夹角是90°时,PET编织布的纵线与横线的角度也为90°,而菱形结构中的相连接的连杆形成的夹角一般不小于60°,如果角度过小,会影响其周向支撑力。
而在缝合时,需要确保PET编织布的纵线与菱形结构的其中一个连杆平行固定在支架上,而由于横线与纵线形成的夹角与菱形结构中锐角是相同的,所以与该固定有PET编织布的连杆与直接连接的相邻连杆会与PET编织布的横线相平行。此时横线与该连杆进行固定。以此类推,锚定部及加强网的菱形结构的各个连杆会分别与PET编织布的纵线或横线平行并固定连接。此时在压缩该抗返流支架时,与菱形结构连杆固定连接的PET编织布会伴随连杆运动,而此时菱形结构的连杆的上下连接点之间也是通过若干根纵线与横线构成,而不是由一根纵线(横线)构成连接。在PET编织布的横线与纵线在伴随着菱形结构的连杆运动时,远离相对于该抗返流支架轴线倾斜的横线或纵线逐渐变成与轴线平行的状态,此时横线与纵线的两端的轴向距离(指沿着该抗返流支架的轴线方向的距离)会逐渐增大。此时PET编织布的轴线距离随着该抗返流支架压缩一起变长,从而不会阻挡该支架压缩变形。
在一种具体实施方式中,如图46所示,人工瓣叶的耳部902穿过缝合孔401,并绕过缝合孔401的侧柱使其耳部尾端由回到该抗返流支架的内部,并与人工瓣叶主体与耳部连接处的人工瓣叶相贴合,并通过波浪状缝合线500贯穿位于同一连接框架的人工瓣叶,将人工瓣叶耳部尾端紧密的与人工瓣叶结合,并且将相邻的人工瓣叶的主体与耳部连接处(下称:耳部连接处)紧密的贴合,实现了人工瓣叶的固定以及相邻人工瓣叶靠近支架侧的紧密结合。需要声明的是,波浪状折线是指缝合线按照波浪线的路径进行缝合,其主要目的是增大了人工瓣叶耳部尾端与人工瓣叶耳部连接处的接触面积,增加了稳定性,同时也增加了相邻人工瓣叶的耳部连接处的接触面积,防止了人工瓣叶靠近支架侧的血液返流。
在一种具体实施方式中,如图47所示,因为人工瓣叶具有一定的弹性,而仅仅使用波浪状缝合线固定人工瓣叶,在人工瓣叶的弹性作用下,会造成人工瓣叶相对连接框架的侧柱滑动,从而影响人工瓣叶的效果,所以需要增加人工瓣叶对侧柱的包裹力,所以增加围绕缝合线600。
前者中,每一个相邻的围绕缝合线都是独立的,该围绕缝合线围绕连接框架一圈,使得人工瓣叶的耳部紧密的贴合侧柱。而相邻的围绕缝合线依次从波浪状缝合线两侧的凹谷处穿过,有效的防止了围绕缝合线仅仅撕拉波浪状缝合线一侧的人工瓣叶,影响人工瓣叶的性能及使用寿命。
后者中,围绕缝合线自上而下是一个顺时针螺旋缠绕的围绕缝合线与另一个逆时针螺旋缠绕的围绕缝合线形成的,相对于上述的独立围绕缝合线,每一个螺旋缠绕的围绕缝合线采用一体的螺旋的围绕缝合线,操作简单,而且固定牢靠,没有过多的缝合线端头,增加了使用稳定性,这里的一个并不是指一根缝合线,也可以是一束缝合线即若干根缝合线,两个缝合线依次穿过波浪状缝合线两侧的凹谷,防止了连接框架因为缝合产生不对称的力,从而对人工瓣叶产生撕扯力,影响力人工瓣叶的性能及使用寿命。
在一种具体实施方式中,如图48-51所示,人工瓣叶9可包括人工瓣叶主体901、耳部902、紧固件903和内凹区904。在一种具体实施方式中,人工瓣叶主体设置为大体的V型,但是在人工瓣叶主体靠近流入端的两侧设置有内凹区,其主要目的是适应紧固件,由于紧固件在压缩过程中会从曲型转变为直线型,传统的人工瓣叶在内凹区位置是外凸的(下称外凸区),这将会在紧固件变直的过程中 产生较大的阻抗力,从而造成人工瓣叶缝合位置过渡挤压的情况,尤其是其外凸区的中点位置,产生的挤压情况是最严重的。而本设计的内凹区是内凹的,所以内凹区的中点到紧固件的距离短,即人工瓣叶的用料少,具有较大的空间容纳挤压过程中挤压的材料,所以在紧固件变直的过程中,不会对瓣叶的缝合位置产生过渡的挤压情况。
在一种具体实施方式中,参考图51,人工瓣叶主体的远端变远设置有防磨边条905,采用缝合的方式与人工瓣叶主体结合,其固定牢靠,而且防磨边条设置首先是增加了人工瓣叶主体远端的抗撕裂能力,其次是降低了人工瓣叶主体远端与覆膜的摩擦对人工瓣叶的损伤,提高了人工瓣叶的使用寿命,而且防磨边条的设置也相当于人工瓣叶与覆膜之间的缓冲层,有效的缓冲了人工瓣叶在开合过程中对覆膜的撕扯作用力,增加了该抗返流支架的使用寿命。
在该实施方式中,卡位端内侧覆膜即为防漏裙边。
在一种具体实施方式中,锚定部的流入端设置有防漏裙边(图中未示出),采用锚定部外侧也覆膜的方式,外侧覆膜流出端一直到紧固弓的流入端,其锚定部外侧覆膜可以是内侧覆膜外翻至外侧,也可以是单独一个覆膜,有效的防止返流支架产生侧漏,增加了该支架的防侧漏性能。
在一些实施例中,请参见图52,以实施例2所示图示为例,覆膜91还包括延伸部9101,该延伸部9101覆盖于紧固件13’的流入端内侧。通过该延伸部9101能够在紧固件13’的流出端内侧形成防漏膜部分,其有效的阻挡了血液从紧固件流入端的U型构造处流出并经过锚定部与主动脉内壁的间隙而造成瓣周漏。
在一些实施例中,请参见图53,以实施例2所示图示为例,与前述实施例不同之处在于,所述覆膜91中不包括延伸部9101,而是包括遮盖部9102,遮盖部9102覆盖于紧固件13’的流入端外侧。在此实施例中,防漏膜流出端不会超过紧固件13’流入端的U型构造处,这是因为防漏膜的流出端悬空无固定,其防漏膜的流出端在人工瓣叶打开时,与人工瓣叶距离过近,造成经常摩擦,容易损伤人工瓣叶,而且如果防漏膜位于支架内侧,由于无法与主动脉内壁紧密贴合,而使血液还是能够通过防漏膜与主动脉内壁的间隙,并最终导致瓣周漏。本实施例将防漏膜设计成单独的外设膜,外设膜位于紧固件13’的外侧,并覆盖紧固件流入端的U型构造处,有效的防止了血液的通过,而且可以与主动脉血管内壁紧密贴 合,防止了血液通过其间隙泄露,其次由于外设膜位于支架外侧,有效的防止人工瓣叶与外设膜的流出端的摩擦。
在一个具体的实施例中,瓣膜假体支架1具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,紧固件13’的流入端在压缩状态时呈水滴型,紧固件13’的流入端部分在伸展状态时呈U型,遮盖部9102的流出端不超过伸展状态下呈所述U型紧固件13’的流出端,避免外设膜的流出端与人工瓣叶接触,而影响人工瓣叶在左心室收缩期的闭合性能,防止出现反流现象。
在一些实施例中,请参见图54,以实施例2所示图示为例,进一步而言,覆膜91的流入端从支架内侧外翻至支架外侧形成包裹所述锚定部外周的外裙边9103,该外裙边9103可由坚固的、耐久性材料,比如编织的PET激光切割或以其他方式形成材料,也可以使用其它合成的或天然的材料,其外裙边可以与覆膜为一体的结构,也可以是通过缝合、胶粘等方式与覆膜进行连接设置的。通过外裙边9103能够进一步起到本支架的防漏设计。
在一个具体的实施例中,遮盖部9102与外裙边9103为一体件。
在一种优选的实施方式中,所述拉线复合环124设置在所述定位件12的流入端,优选地,拉线复合环124相对于支架轴线向内倾斜,防止在支架释放或释放后的稍微晃动,使拉线复合环124的流出端触碰主动脉壁,而损伤主动脉的情况发生,严重的可能会导致患者发生主动脉夹层,进而威胁患者生命。
在前述一个或多个实施例中,所记载的瓣膜假体用于主动脉瓣膜置换术,当然,本申请提供的瓣膜假体,也可以应用于解剖结构与主动脉瓣类似的肺动脉瓣,在应用在肺动脉瓣时,定位件插入肺动脉瓣内,以起到定位并和支架的其他部分夹合原生瓣叶固定支架,并起到密封的作用。
本发明虽然以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并不是用来限定本发明,任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可以做出可能的变动和修改。因此,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何修改、等同变化及修饰,均落入本发明权利要求所界定的保护范围之内。

Claims (77)

  1. 一种瓣膜假体,其特征在于,包括瓣膜假体支架,所述瓣膜假体支架包括:
    支架主体;以及
    多个定位件,沿所述支架主体的周向环设;
    其中,至少一个所述定位件可以改变其相对支架轴线的打开角度,以使在所述瓣膜假体支架的伸展状态下,所述支架主体与所述定位件分别位于原生瓣叶的两侧。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述支架主体包括:
    锚定部,所述瓣膜假体支架能够通过所述锚定部卡在待夹持的原生瓣叶的瓣环上,所述定位件设置于所述锚定部的流出端。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述支架主体包括:
    紧固件,与所述定位件一一对应地设置于所述定位件与所述锚定部之间,所述紧固件的流出端与所述定位件的流出端连接,所述紧固件的流入端与所述锚定部连接;
    其中,在所述瓣膜假体支架的伸展状态下,所述紧固件与所述定位件能够分别夹持于心脏瓣膜的原生瓣叶的两侧。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述定位件上还设有配合部,拉线可穿过所述配合部与所述定位件连接,通过所述拉线能够向所述定位件施加一外力,以改变该定位件相对支架轴线的打开角度。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述打开角度的范围为20°~60°。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述打开角度的范围为60°~90°。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述配合部为开设于所述定位件流入端的拉线孔。
  8. 如权利要求4所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述定位件流入端的内侧设 置有拉线环,所述配合部为限定于所述拉线环中的拉线孔。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述拉线孔构造成能被X射线识别。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述拉线孔的表面设置不透X射线标记层或者高密度金属镀层;或者,
    所述拉线环的外部轮廓被设置成葫芦型、三角星型、棱型、猫爪型或者椭圆形中的一种或多种。
  11. 如权利要求4所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述定位件流入端的内侧设置有拉线复合环,配合部为设置于所述拉线复合环流出端的拉线孔,所述拉线复合环的流入端配置成用于显影。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述拉线复合环包括连接杆与拉线环,所述连接杆的流入端与所述定位件的流入端连接,所述连接杆的流出端与所述拉线环连接,所述配合部为限定于所述拉线环中的拉线孔,
    其中,所述连接杆上安装有C型件,所述C型件配置成用于显影。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述拉线复合环包括第一通孔和第二通孔,所述第一通孔配置成用于显影,所述第二通孔适于穿入拉线。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述第一通孔的孔径大于所述第二通孔的孔径。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述第一通孔的表面设置不透X射线标记层或者高密度金属镀层;或者,
    所述拉线复合环的外部轮廓被设置成葫芦型、三角星型、棱型或者猫爪型中的一种或多种。
  16. 如权利要求11所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述拉线复合环相对于瓣膜假体支架的轴线向内倾斜。
  17. 如权利要求3所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述瓣膜假体支架具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,所述紧固件的流入端在所述压缩状态时呈水滴型,所述紧固件的流入端部分在所述伸展状态时呈U型。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述定位件的流入端在压 缩状态时呈水滴型。
  19. 如权利要求17所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述紧固件内部设置有加强支撑部,所述加强支撑部的流出端连接紧固件,所述加强支持部的流入端连接所述锚定部。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述紧固件的流入端不连接所述锚定部,所述紧固件通过所述加强支撑部连接所述锚定部。
  21. 如权利要求3所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述瓣膜假体支架还包括支撑件,所述支撑件相对所述定位件更加靠近所述瓣膜假体支架的流出端,所述支撑件的流出端与所述定位件的流出端连接。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述支撑件包括第一支撑臂以及第二支撑臂,所述第一支撑臂以及所述第二支撑臂在所述支撑件的流入端连接;
    所述瓣膜假体支架具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,在瓣膜假体支架的压缩状态下,所述第一支撑臂以及所述第二支撑臂呈线性。
  23. 如权利要求21所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述瓣膜假体支架具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,在所述瓣膜假体支架的压缩状态下,且不对定位件12施加外力时,所述支撑件具有第一张开角度,所述定位件具有第二张开角度,所述第二张开角度为4°-14°,且所述第一张开角度小于所述第二张开角度。
  24. 如权利要求21所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述支撑件具有适于穿入拉线的支撑件拉线环,所述支撑件拉线环设置于所述支撑件的流入端。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述瓣膜假体支架具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,在所述瓣膜假体支架的压缩状态下,所述支撑件拉线环与所述拉线复合环的位置对齐。
  26. 如权利要求24所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述支撑件拉线环相对于所述支撑件向外倾斜。
  27. 如权利要求24所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述支撑件拉线环相对于所述支撑件向外倾斜的角度为100°-160°。
  28. 如权利要求21所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述定位件的流入端与所 述支撑件的流入端之间通过连接机构连接。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述连接机构为连杆或者折线结构。
  30. 如权利要求28所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述连接机构包括第一连杆、第二连杆以及连接第一连杆和第二连杆的菱形方格,所述第一连杆的纵向轴线和第二连杆的纵向轴线在同一直线上。
  31. 如权利要求30所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述第一连杆的长度小于所述第二连杆的长度。
  32. 如权利要求28所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述连接机构包括第一连杆和第二连杆,其中所述第一连杆与所述第二连杆之间通过格连杆Ⅰ与格连杆Ⅱ连接;
    其中,格连杆Ⅰ与格连杆Ⅱ连之间具有弯曲连接部,所述弯曲连接部的宽度小于所述格连杆Ⅰ及所述格连杆Ⅱ的宽度。
  33. 如权利要求28所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述连接机构包括第一连杆、第二连杆以及连接所述第一连杆与所述第二连杆的三根连杆,以使所述连接机构整体呈S型。
  34. 如权利要求3所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,
    所述定位件包括第一定位臂以及第二定位臂,所述第一定位臂和所述第二定位臂在所述定位件的流入端连接;
    所述紧固件包括第一紧固弧以及第二紧固弧,所述第一紧固弧以及所述第二紧固弧在所述紧固件的流入端连接;
    所述瓣膜假体支架具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,在瓣膜假体支架的压缩状态下,所述第一定位臂和所述第二定位臂呈线性。
  35. 如权利要求3所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,沿所述瓣膜假体支架的轴向,所述定位件流入端最靠近所述瓣膜假体支架流入端之处与所述瓣膜假体支架流入端最远处的垂直距离为4mm-8mm。
  36. 如权利要求3所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,沿所述支架轴线方向,所述定位件与所述紧固件共形。
  37. 如权利要求3所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述定位件的流出端与所述紧固件的流出端之间设置有延长杆。
  38. 如权利要求37所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述延长杆的内部设置有瓣叶缝合孔,所述瓣叶缝合孔用于固定人工瓣叶的流出端。
  39. 如权利要求1所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述定位件的流入端包括位于中部的第一弧形段,以及分别设置于所述第一弧形段两侧的第二弧形段、第三弧形段;
    其中,所述第一弧形段所在圆的直径大于所述第二弧形段、所述第三弧形段所在圆的直径。
  40. 如权利要求1所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述瓣膜假体支架包括周向设置的三个定位件。
  41. 如权利要求1所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述定位件的流出端具有呈波浪形的一段。
  42. 如权利要求2所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述锚定部由周向连接的菱形网格连接形成。
  43. 如权利要求42所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,构成所述锚定部的杆的宽度中央小两头大。
  44. 如权利要求42所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,相邻所述菱形网格连接区域分别沿着所述瓣膜假体支架的周向和纵向延伸预定长度,沿着所述瓣膜假体的周向方向,所述相邻菱形网格连接区域包括凹陷的弯曲结构。
  45. 如权利要求2所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述锚定部自流出端至流入端的延伸方向相对于所述支架的中轴线外扩,使得所述锚定部的流出端直径小于锚定部流入端的直径。
  46. 如权利要求45所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述外扩的角度为6°至14°。
  47. 如权利要求1所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述定位件的流出端设置有连接部,所述连接部用于与输送系统连接。
  48. 如权利要求47所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述连接部包括连接腹板 与连接块,所述连接腹板的流入端连接所述定位件的流出端,所述连接腹板的流出端连接所述连接块,所述连接块的周向宽度大于所述连接腹板的周向宽度。
  49. 如权利要求48所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述连接块向所述瓣膜假体支架的中轴线倾斜。
  50. 如权利要求2所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述锚定部上还设置有倒刺,所述倒刺设置于所述锚定部的流入端,并朝向所述锚定部的流出端延伸。
  51. 如权利要求50所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述倒刺的延伸方向与相对所述锚定部向外倾斜。
  52. 如权利要求51所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述倒刺的延伸方向与相对所述锚定部的倾角为5°~15°。
  53. 如权利要求50所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述倒刺为沿所述支架周向均布的多个。
  54. 如权利要求50所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述锚定部由周向连接的菱形网格连接形成,所述倒刺位于与所述定位件连接的菱形网格中。
  55. 如权利要求54所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,沿瓣膜假体支架的轴线方向,所述倒刺的长度与所述菱形网格的长度比值为1:5至1:10。
  56. 如权利要求2或3所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述支架主体还包括设置于所述锚定部流出端的加强网;
    其中,在所述瓣膜假体支架的伸展状态下,所述加强网与所述定位件能够分别位于原生瓣叶的两侧,以对原生瓣叶进行夹持。
  57. 如权利要求56所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述加强网包括沿着所述瓣膜假体支架轴向依次设置的第一自膨胀弧、第二自膨胀弧和第三自膨胀弧;
    其中,所述第一自膨胀弧的一端与紧固件的第一紧固弧固定连接,另一端与相邻紧固件的第二紧固弧固定连接,且朝向瓣膜假体支架流入端凸起;
    其中,所述第二自膨胀弧的两端分别固定连接至所述第一自膨胀弧,且朝向瓣膜假体支架流出端凸起;
    其中,所述第三自膨胀弧的一端与紧固件的第一紧固弧固定连接,另一端与相邻紧固件的第二紧固弧固定连接,且朝向瓣膜假体支架流入端凸起;
    其中,所述第二自膨胀弧和所述第三自膨胀弧之间存在间隙。
  58. 如权利要求57所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,当瓣膜假体支架处于伸展状态时,所述紧固件的第一紧固弧与相邻所述紧固件的第二紧固弧形成第一圆角;所述第二自膨胀弧具有第二圆角,所述第三自膨胀弧具有第三圆角,其中所述第三圆角不大于所述第一圆角,所述第二圆角大于所述第一圆角。
  59. 如权利要求57所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述加强网由曲自膨弧、联结格及第三自膨弧组成,其中所述曲自膨弧由四段组成,分别为曲臂Ⅰ、曲臂Ⅱ、曲臂Ⅲ、曲臂Ⅳ,其中曲臂Ⅰ、曲臂Ⅳ分别连接紧固弧靠近流入端的0.25到0.33处,其中曲臂Ⅰ、曲臂Ⅱ的流入端固定连接,且连接处与所述锚定部连接,其中曲臂Ⅲ、曲臂Ⅳ的流入端固定连接,且连接处与锚定部连接,其中曲臂Ⅱ、曲臂Ⅲ的流出端固定连接,且连接处固定连接联结格,联结格包括两个联结臂。
  60. 如权利要求56所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述锚定部结构单元为菱形结构,加强网流入端的加强网结构单元与锚定部的一个锚定部结构单元公用一个顶点,加强网流出端的加强网结构单元与紧固件的紧固弧共用一条或者两条边。
  61. 如权利要求56所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,沿着所述瓣膜假体支架的轴向方向,所述加强网依次包括相互连接的三层网格结构,第一层包括一个加强网结构单元,第二层包括两个加强网结构单元,第三层包括一个加强网结构单元;
    其中,第一层的加强网结构单元与其一侧的紧固件的第二紧固弧共用一条边,且与其另一侧的紧固件的第一紧固弧共用一条边;
    其中,第二层一侧的加强网结构单元与其一侧的紧固件的第二紧固弧共用一条边,第二层另一侧的加强网结构单元与与其另一侧的紧固件的第一紧固弧共用一条边;
    其中,第三层的加强网结构单元与锚定部结构单元共用一个顶点。
  62. 如权利要求3所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述瓣膜假体还包括覆膜,所述覆膜安装于瓣膜假体支架内侧,且所述覆膜流出端与所述紧固件连接,所述覆膜的流入端连接于所述锚定部。
  63. 如权利要求62所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述定位件的流出端与所述紧固件的流出端之间设置有延长杆,所述延长杆内开设有瓣叶缝合孔,所述瓣膜假体还包括人工瓣叶,所述人工瓣叶包括人工瓣叶主体与设置于人工瓣叶主体流出端的人工瓣叶耳部,所述人工瓣叶耳部穿过所述瓣叶缝合孔后包裹所述延长杆设置,所述人工瓣叶主体的流入端边缘与所述覆膜连接。
  64. 如权利要求63所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述人工瓣叶的流出端比所述紧固件的流出端更靠近瓣膜假体支架的流出端。
  65. 如权利要求63所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述人工瓣叶主体的流入端边缘与所述覆膜连接处设置有防磨条。
  66. 如权利要求65所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述防磨条的横截面呈U型,所述人工瓣叶主体流入端边缘设置于呈U型的所述防磨条内侧。
  67. 如权利要求66所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,呈U型的所述防磨条外侧设置有3~10个应力缺口。
  68. 如权利要求65所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述防磨条与所述人工瓣叶采用相同的材质制成。
  69. 如权利要求62所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述覆膜的流入端从支架内侧外翻至支架外侧形成包裹所述锚定部外周的外裙边。
  70. 如权利要求62所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述覆膜由纵线和横线编织而成,纵线与横线的角度设置为60°~90°。
  71. 如权利要求63所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述人工瓣叶包含一种或多种合成材料、工程化生物组织、生物瓣叶组织、心包组织、交联心包组织、主动脉根组织、经化学或生物加工/处理的组织,或它们的组合。
  72. 如权利要求3所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述瓣膜假体还包括人工瓣叶以及覆膜,所述人工瓣叶的流入端边缘与所述覆膜连接,所述覆膜安装于所述瓣膜假体支架内侧,且所述覆膜的流出端与所述紧固件连接,所述覆膜的流入端连接于所述锚定部;
    其中,所述覆膜还包括延伸部,所述延伸部覆盖于所述紧固件的流入端内侧。
  73. 如权利要求3所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述瓣膜假体还包括人工瓣叶以及覆膜,所述人工瓣叶主体的流入端边缘与所述覆膜连接,所述覆膜安装于所述瓣膜假体支架内侧,且所述覆膜流出端与所述紧固件连接,所述覆膜的流入端连接于所述锚定部;
    其中,所述覆膜还包括遮盖部,所述遮盖部覆盖于所述紧固件的流入端外侧。
  74. 如权利要求73所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述瓣膜假体支架具有压缩状态以及伸展状态,所述紧固件的流入端在所述压缩状态时呈水滴型,所述紧固件的流入端部分在所述伸展状态时呈U型,所述遮盖部的流出端不超过所述U型的流出端。
  75. 如权利要求73所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述覆膜的流入端从支架内侧外翻至支架外侧形成包裹所述锚定部外周的外裙边。
  76. 如权利要求75所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述遮盖部与所述外裙边为一体件。
  77. 如权利要求1所述的瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述瓣膜假体用于主动脉瓣膜置换术。
PCT/CN2022/143724 2022-03-28 2022-12-30 一种瓣膜假体 WO2023185169A1 (zh)

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CN202211391770.4A CN115670750B (zh) 2022-03-28 2022-11-08 一种易控的主动脉反流支架
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US20060212111A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-09-21 Case Brian C Vascular valves having implanted and target configurations and methods of preparing the same
CN102985033A (zh) * 2010-02-25 2013-03-20 耶拿阀门科技公司 用于瓣膜假体在病人心脏中的植入部位的定位和锚定的支架
CN113893068A (zh) * 2021-08-11 2022-01-07 上海傲流医疗科技有限公司 一种治疗三尖瓣返流的修复装置
CN115177405A (zh) * 2022-06-28 2022-10-14 科凯(南通)生命科学有限公司 一种高弹性抗反流心脏瓣膜支架
CN115381597A (zh) * 2022-03-28 2022-11-25 科凯(南通)生命科学有限公司 拉线复合环及包括其的自膨心脏瓣膜支架

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060212111A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-09-21 Case Brian C Vascular valves having implanted and target configurations and methods of preparing the same
CN102985033A (zh) * 2010-02-25 2013-03-20 耶拿阀门科技公司 用于瓣膜假体在病人心脏中的植入部位的定位和锚定的支架
CN113893068A (zh) * 2021-08-11 2022-01-07 上海傲流医疗科技有限公司 一种治疗三尖瓣返流的修复装置
CN115381597A (zh) * 2022-03-28 2022-11-25 科凯(南通)生命科学有限公司 拉线复合环及包括其的自膨心脏瓣膜支架
CN115177405A (zh) * 2022-06-28 2022-10-14 科凯(南通)生命科学有限公司 一种高弹性抗反流心脏瓣膜支架

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