WO2023184860A1 - 一种三轮车用后置自动变速器 - Google Patents

一种三轮车用后置自动变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023184860A1
WO2023184860A1 PCT/CN2022/116838 CN2022116838W WO2023184860A1 WO 2023184860 A1 WO2023184860 A1 WO 2023184860A1 CN 2022116838 W CN2022116838 W CN 2022116838W WO 2023184860 A1 WO2023184860 A1 WO 2023184860A1
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Prior art keywords
gear
reverse
transmission
sliding sleeve
clutch
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PCT/CN2022/116838
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄善劲
王英喆
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八方电气(苏州)股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023184860A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023184860A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D43/00—Automatic clutches
    • F16D43/02—Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically
    • F16D43/04—Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by angular speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the field of tricycles, and more specifically, to a rear-mounted automatic transmission for tricycles.
  • the existing Chinese patent with publication number CN113251118A discloses an AMT two-speed automatic transmission for electric tricycles, which includes a housing, a transmission mechanism, a shift actuator and a shift controller.
  • the transmission mechanism and the shift actuator are arranged on In the housing;
  • the shift controller is electrically connected to the input end of the shift actuator, the output end of the shift actuator is connected to the power input end of the drive motor, and the power output end of the drive motor is connected to The power input end of the transmission mechanism, the power output end of the transmission mechanism is connected to the force-bearing component;
  • the shift controller controls the transmission mechanism and the shift actuator by collecting data information fed back by the transmission mechanism and the shift actuator Cooperate with each other to complete the automatic switching of gears.
  • gearbox still has the following problems: 1. There are only two gears, which affects the riding experience; 2. The automatic shifting structure is relatively complex and the production cost is high; 3. The lack of reverse gear affects the riding experience.
  • this utility model is to provide a rear-mounted automatic transmission for a tricycle, which has the advantages of a simple and compact structure and can optimize the riding experience.
  • a rear-mounted automatic transmission for a three-wheeled vehicle including a transmission mechanism, a differential, and a transmission mechanism disposed between the transmission mechanism and the differential.
  • the transmission mechanism includes:
  • a forward spline shaft the forward spline shaft is provided with a forward input gear keyed thereto, a forward output gear idle therewith, and a forward sliding sleeve keyed thereto, the forward sliding sleeve Able to move axially relative to the forward spline shaft to connect with the forward output gear and drive the forward output gear to rotate;
  • the reverse spline shaft is provided with a reverse input gear that is keyed to it, a reverse output gear that is free from it, and a reverse sliding sleeve that is keyed to it.
  • the reverse sliding sleeve Able to move axially relative to the reverse spline shaft to connect with the reverse output gear and drive the reverse output gear to rotate; and,
  • a reversing execution component used to drive the forward sliding sleeve or the reverse sliding sleeve to move
  • the forward input gear meshes with the reverse input gear, and the forward input gear is connected to the transmission mechanism; the forward output gear and the reverse output gear are respectively connected to the differential, and the forward input gear is connected to the differential when working in the forward direction.
  • the reverse output gear is idling, and the forward output gear is idling during reverse operation.
  • the reversing execution component can drive the forward sliding sleeve and the reverse sliding sleeve to move synchronously.
  • the reversing execution assembly includes a reversing drive rod, and a forward shift fork connected to the forward sliding sleeve and a forward shifting fork connected to the reverse sliding sleeve are respectively fixed on the reversing drive rod. Reverse shift fork.
  • the end surface of the forward sliding sleeve is provided with a plurality of driving blocks evenly distributed in the circumferential direction
  • the forward output gear is provided with a plurality of driving holes that cooperate with the driving blocks.
  • the transmission mechanism includes at least three gears, and realizes automatic shifting according to the transmission output speed.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a fixed central shaft, and a transmission housing rollingly supported on the central shaft; the outer wall of the transmission housing is provided with a transmission output gear meshing with the forward input gear;
  • the central shaft is provided with a first planetary gear assembly, an integrated centrifugal clutch assembly and a second planetary gear assembly in sequence;
  • the first planetary gear assembly includes a first planet carrier, a first planet gear, a first sun gear and a first ring gear.
  • the first sun gear is fixed relative to the central axis.
  • the first planet carrier is provided with There is a transmission input sprocket, and a first gear clutch assembly is provided between the first planet carrier and the transmission housing;
  • the integrated centrifugal clutch assembly includes an integrated clutch inner ring, a second gear clutch driving member, a second gear clutch outer ring, a second gear driving plate, a second gear centrifugal throwing block, a third gear clutch driving member, a third gear clutch outer ring, and a third gear clutch.
  • the drive plate and the third-speed centrifugal throwing block, the second-speed clutch outer ring and the first ring gear are linked in the circumferential direction
  • the integrated clutch inner ring and the transmission housing are linked in the circumferential direction;
  • the second planetary gear assembly includes a second planet carrier, a second planet gear, a second sun gear and a second ring gear.
  • the second planet carrier and the first ring gear are circumferentially linked.
  • the second ring gear Linked with the third gear clutch outer ring in the circumferential direction, the second sun gear is fixed in the circumferential direction relative to the central axis.
  • the inner wall of the first ring gear is provided with a transmission plate located between the first planet carrier and the integrated clutch inner ring, and a transmission plate located within the integrated clutch is provided between the transmission plate and the second planet carrier.
  • the transmission barrel on the radially inner side of the circle.
  • a bearing is provided between the transmission plate and the central shaft.
  • a positioning plate is provided on the inner wall of the second ring gear, and a bearing is provided between the positioning plate and the integrated clutch inner ring.
  • the outer wall of the clutch inner ring is provided with an output plate fixedly connected to the transmission housing.
  • the second gear centrifugal throwing block and the third gear centrifugal throwing block are both installed on the output plate, and both are located on the same side of the output board.
  • the transmission is installed on the tricycle.
  • the transmission works in the forward direction.
  • the reverse output gear is idling, and the speed of the transmission mechanism passes through the forward input gear, forward spline shaft, forward sliding sleeve and forward output.
  • the gear is transmitted to the differential; when the tricycle moves backward, the transmission works in reverse.
  • the forward output gear is idling, and the speed of the transmission mechanism passes through the forward input gear, the reverse input gear, the reverse spline shaft, and the reverse sliding sleeve.
  • the reverse output gear is transmitted to the differential; moreover, when the tricycle moves forward or backward, the pedaling direction of the bicycle is the same, which is conducive to optimizing the riding experience;
  • the transmission mechanism automatically switches gears according to the output speed, which can optimize the riding experience, and the structure is simplified, which can reduce production costs and extend service life;
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rear-mounted automatic transmission for a tricycle in the embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the transmission mechanism in the embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the transmission mechanism in the embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the forward drive sliding sleeve and the forward shift fork in the embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the forward output gear in the embodiment.
  • Transmission mechanism 11. Central shaft; 121. First planet carrier; 122. First sun gear; 123. First ring gear; 124. First gear clutch assembly; 125. Transmission plate; 131. Integrated clutch Inner ring; 132, output plate; 133, second gear clutch outer ring; 134, third gear clutch outer ring; 14, transmission barrel; 151, second planet carrier; 152, second sun gear; 153, second ring gear; 154. Positioning plate; 17. Variable speed input sprocket; 18. Variable speed housing; 19. Variable speed output gear; 2. Transmission mechanism; 21. Forward spline shaft; 22. Forward input gear; 23. Forward output gear ; 231. Drive hole; 24. Forward sliding sleeve; 241. Spline hole; 242.
  • a rear-mounted automatic transmission for a three-wheeled vehicle includes a transmission mechanism 1, a differential 3 and a transmission mechanism 2 arranged between the transmission mechanism 1 and the differential 3; in this embodiment, the transmission mechanism 2 includes a forward spline shaft 21 and a reverse spline shaft 25.
  • the forward spline shaft 21 is respectively provided with a forward input gear 22 keyed thereto, a forward output gear 23 empty therewith, and a keyed forward spline shaft 21.
  • the forward sliding sleeve 24 can move axially relative to the forward spline shaft 21 to connect with the forward output gear 23 and drive the forward output gear 23 to rotate; the reverse spline shaft 25 is respectively There is provided a reverse input gear 26 that is keyed thereto, a reverse output gear 27 that is empty therewith, and a reverse sliding sleeve 28 that is keyed thereto.
  • the reverse sliding sleeve 28 can move in the axial direction relative to the reverse spline shaft 25 to be connected with the reverse output gear 27 and drive the reverse output gear 27 to rotate;
  • the transmission mechanism 2 also includes a reversing execution component for driving the forward sliding sleeve 24 or the reverse sliding sleeve 28 to move; wherein, the forward input gear 22 meshes with the reverse input gear 26, and the forward input gear 22 is connected to the transmission mechanism 1; the forward output gear 23 and the reverse output gear 27 are connected to the differential 3 respectively, and the reverse output gear 27 idles when working in the forward direction.
  • the forward output gear 23 is idling when working in the reverse direction; the transmission in this embodiment is installed on a tricycle.
  • the transmission works in the forward direction.
  • the reverse output gear 27 is idling, and the speed of the transmission mechanism 1 passes through the forward direction.
  • the input gear 22, the forward spline shaft 21, the forward sliding sleeve 24 and the forward output gear 23 are transmitted to the differential 3; when the tricycle moves backward, the transmission works in reverse, and at this time the forward output gear 23 idling, the transmission mechanism
  • the rotational speed of 1 is transmitted to the differential through the forward input gear 22, the reverse input gear 26, the reverse spline shaft 25, the reverse sliding sleeve 28 and the reverse output gear 27; and, when the tricycle moves forward or backward, the bicycle
  • the pedaling direction is the same, which is conducive to optimizing the riding experience; the transmission in this embodiment is suitable for tricycles, but can also be installed on other vehicles, without limitation here.
  • the reversing actuator assembly in this embodiment can drive the forward sliding sleeve 24 and the reverse sliding sleeve 28 to move synchronously, thereby simplifying the structure and facilitating control; specifically, in this embodiment,
  • the reversing execution assembly includes a reversing drive rod 291.
  • the reversing drive rod 291 is respectively fixed with a forward fork 292 connected to the forward sliding sleeve 24, and a reverse fork 293 connected to the reverse sliding sleeve 28;
  • the reversing drive rod 291 moves along its axial direction, it can drive the forward fork 292 and the reverse fork 293 to move synchronously, thereby facilitating the switching of the working states of the forward output gear 23 and the reverse output gear 27;
  • the forward shift fork 292 and the reverse shift fork 293 are respectively provided with bolts that contact the reversing drive rod 291, thereby achieving fixed connection and facilitating installation and disassembly.
  • the end face of the forward sliding sleeve 24 is provided with a plurality of drive blocks 242 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the forward output gear 23 is provided with a plurality of drive holes 231 that cooperate with the drive blocks 242 ;
  • the forward sliding sleeve 24 moves axially relative to the forward spline shaft 21 until the driving block 242 is embedded in the driving hole 231, thereby realizing the connection between the forward sliding sleeve 24 and the forward output gear 23.
  • the forward sliding sleeve 24 can drive the forward output gear 23 to rotate; of course, in other optional embodiments, other structural forms can also be used to realize the connection between the forward sliding sleeve 24 and the forward output gear 23, such as two sets of end face teeth. No restrictions.
  • the forward sliding sleeve 24 is located between the forward input gear 22 and the forward output gear 23, and the reverse output gear 27 is located between the reverse input gear 26 and the reverse sliding sleeve. 28, thereby facilitating the synchronous switching of the connection and separation states; of course, the installation position of the forward sliding sleeve 24 and the installation position of the reverse sliding sleeve 28 can be adjusted synchronously, and there is no restriction here; in this embodiment, the forward input A spline hole is opened in the middle of the gear 22 to cooperate with the forward spline shaft 21, and an axial limiting structure is provided between the forward input gear 22 and the forward spline shaft 21, such as an axial step that cooperates with a circlip or a circlip.
  • the two circlips cooperate; there is a spline hole 241 in the middle of the forward sliding sleeve 24 that matches the forward spline shaft 21, but there is no axial limiting structure between the forward sliding sleeve 24 and the forward spline shaft 21. Therefore, the forward sliding sleeve 24 can move in the axial direction relative to the forward spline shaft 21; the forward output gear 23 has a round hole in the middle, and is then freely sleeved on the forward spline shaft 21, so that the forward output gear 23 is connected to the forward spline shaft 21.
  • the outer circumferential side wall of the forward sliding sleeve 24 is provided with a limit ring groove 243 that cooperates with the forward fork 292, so the forward fork 292 will not affect the forward movement.
  • the rotation of the forward sliding sleeve 24, and the forward fork 292 can drive the forward sliding sleeve 24 to move in the axial direction; in this embodiment, the reverse spline shaft 25, the reverse input gear 26, the reverse output gear 27, the reverse
  • the structure and connection relationship of the sliding sleeve 28 and the reverse shift fork 293 are the same as those in the forward direction, and will not be described in detail here; wherein, preferably, both end surfaces of the forward sliding sleeve 24 are provided with driving blocks 242, then the forward direction
  • the sliding sleeve 24 can be directly used in the reverse sliding sleeve 28, thereby facilitating processing and assembly.
  • the transmission mechanism 1 in this embodiment includes at least three gears, and automatically shifts gears according to the transmission output speed, thereby optimizing the riding experience and extending the service life; of course, in other optional embodiments, the transmission mechanism 1 can also adopt other transmission structures, which are not limited here; specifically, in this embodiment, the transmission mechanism 1 includes a fixedly arranged central shaft 11, and a rolling bearing supported on the central shaft 11. Transmission housing 18; the outer wall of the transmission housing 18 is provided with a transmission output gear 19 meshing with the forward input gear 22; the central shaft 11 is sequentially provided with a first planetary gear assembly, an integrated centrifugal clutch assembly and a second planetary gear assembly.
  • two sets of planetary gear assemblies are used in conjunction with an integrated centrifugal clutch assembly to achieve three gears.
  • planetary gear assemblies and integrated centrifugal clutch assemblies can also be added. There is no limit to increasing the number of gears.
  • the first planetary gear assembly in this embodiment includes a first planet carrier 121, a first planet gear, a first sun gear 122 and a first ring gear 123.
  • the first planet carrier 121 and the transmission housing 18 A first gear clutch assembly 124 is provided in between, the first sun gear 122 is fixed in the circumferential direction relative to the central shaft 11, and the first planet carrier 121 is provided with a transmission input sprocket 17; in this embodiment, the central shaft 11 is fixed.
  • the first sun gear 122 and the central shaft 11 are integrally formed to ensure that the first sun gear 122 is fixed and does not rotate; a bearing is provided between the first planet carrier 121 and the central shaft 11 to ensure the stability of the first planet carrier 121 Rotate; when the transmission is installed on a tricycle, the transmission input sprocket 17 is connected with the chain to receive the rider's pedal speed or motor speed.
  • the integrated centrifugal clutch assembly in this embodiment includes an integrated clutch inner ring 131, a second gear clutch driving member, a second gear clutch outer ring 133, a second gear driving plate, a second gear centrifugal throwing block, a third gear clutch driving member,
  • the third-speed clutch outer ring 134, the third-speed drive plate and the third-speed centrifugal throwing block, the second-speed clutch outer ring 133 and the first ring gear 123 are linked in the circumferential direction
  • the integrated clutch inner ring 131 is linked in the circumferential direction with the transmission housing 18;
  • the integrated clutch inner ring 131 includes an integrally formed second-speed clutch inner ring and a third-speed clutch inner ring, thereby reducing the number of parts and assembly processes, and optimizing the axial size;
  • the outer wall of the integrated clutch inner ring 131 is provided with an output plate 132 connected to the transmission housing 18.
  • the second gear clutch outer ring 133 and the third gear clutch outer ring 134 are respectively located on both sides of the output plate 132; preferably, the second gear centrifugal throwing block and The three-speed centrifugal throwing blocks are all connected to the output plate 132, so that the state can be changed according to the output speed; in this embodiment, the second-speed centrifugal throwing block and the third-speed centrifugal throwing block are located on the same side of the output plate 132, so that the axial direction can be optimized.
  • the second planetary gear assembly includes a second planet carrier 151, a second planet gear, a second sun gear 152 and a second ring gear 153.
  • the second planet carrier 151 and the first ring gear 123 is linked in the circumferential direction
  • the second ring gear 153 and the third gear clutch outer ring 134 are linked in the circumferential direction
  • the second sun gear 152 is fixed in the circumferential direction relative to the central axis 11; preferably, in this embodiment, the first gear
  • the inner wall of the ring 123 is provided with a transmission plate 125 located between the first planet carrier 121 and the integrated clutch inner ring 131.
  • a transmission cylinder located radially inward of the integrated clutch inner ring 131 is provided between the transmission plate 125 and the second planet carrier 151. 14, so that the axial size and radial size can be optimized; preferably, the cross-section of the transmission plate 125 in this embodiment is T-shaped, so as to facilitate the installation of a bearing at the end of the transmission barrel 14 between the transmission plate 125 and the central shaft 11 , thereby optimizing the radial size; in this embodiment, the circumferential linkage between the transmission plate 125 and the transmission barrel 14, and between the transmission barrel 14 and the second planet carrier 151 is achieved through keyway cooperation; specifically, this implementation
  • a bearing is provided between the second planet carrier 151 and the central axis 11 to ensure the stable rotation of the second planet carrier 151; in this embodiment, the second sun gear 152 is sleeved on the central axis 11, and between the two A flat position is provided so that the second sun gear 152 is fixed and does not rotate; preferably, in this embodiment, a positioning plate 154

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Abstract

本实用新型公开了一种三轮车用后置自动变速器，其涉及三轮车领域。其技术方案要点包括变速机构、差速器以及传动机构，传动机构包括正向花键轴、正向输入齿轮、正向输出齿轮、正向滑套、反向花键轴、反向输入齿轮、反向输出齿轮、反向滑套以及换向执行组件；其中，正向输入齿轮与反向输入齿轮啮合，且正向输入齿轮与变速机构连接；正向输出齿轮和反向输出齿轮分别与差速器连接，正向工作时反向输出齿轮空转，反向工作时正向输出齿轮空转。本实用新型具有结构简单紧凑以及能够优化骑行体验的优势。

Description

一种三轮车用后置自动变速器 技术领域
本实用新型涉及三轮车领域，更具体地说，它涉及一种三轮车用后置自动变速器。
背景技术
现有公开号为CN113251118A的中国专利，公开了一种电动三轮车AMT两档自动变速箱，其包括壳体、传动机构、换挡执行机构和换挡控制器，传动机构和换挡执行机构设置在所述壳体内；所述换挡控制器与所述换挡执行机构的输入端电连接，所述换挡执行机构的输出端连接驱动电机的动力输入端，所述驱动电机的动力输出端连接传动机构的动力输入端，所述传动机构的动力输出端连接受力部件；所述换挡控制器通过采集传动机构和换挡执行机构反馈的数据信息从而控制所述传动机构和换挡执行机构相互配合完成档位的自动切换。
但是，上述变速箱还存在以下问题：1、只有两个挡位，影响骑行体验；2、自动换挡的结构较为复杂，生产成本较高；3、缺少倒挡，影响骑行体验。
实用新型内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本实用新型的目的在于提供一种三轮车用后置自动变速器，其具有结构简单紧凑以及能够优化骑行体验的优势。
为实现上述目的，本实用新型提供了如下技术方案：
一种三轮车用后置自动变速器，包括变速机构、差速器以及设置于所述变速机构与差速器之间的传动机构，所述传动机构包括：
正向花键轴，所述正向花键轴上分别设置有与其键合的正向输入齿轮、 与其空套的正向输出齿轮以及与其键合的正向滑套，所述正向滑套能够相对于所述正向花键轴沿轴向移动至与所述正向输出齿轮连接，并带动所述正向输出齿轮转动；
反向花键轴，所述反向花键轴上分别设置有与其键合的反向输入齿轮、与其空套的反向输出齿轮以及与其键合的反向滑套，所述反向滑套能够相对于所述反向花键轴沿轴向移动至与所述反向输出齿轮连接，并带动所述反向输出齿轮转动；以及，
用于驱动所述正向滑套或者反向滑套移动的换向执行组件；
其中，所述正向输入齿轮与反向输入齿轮啮合，且所述正向输入齿轮与变速机构连接；所述正向输出齿轮和反向输出齿轮分别与差速器连接，正向工作时所述反向输出齿轮空转，反向工作时所述正向输出齿轮空转。
进一步地，所述换向执行组件能够驱动所述正向滑套和反向滑套同步移动。
进一步地，所述换向执行组件包括换向驱动杆，所述换向驱动杆上分别固定设置有与所述正向滑套连接的正向拨叉，以及与所述反向滑套连接的反向拨叉。
进一步地，所述正向滑套端面设置有多个沿周向均布的驱动块，所述正向输出齿轮上开设有多个与所述驱动块配合的驱动孔。
进一步地，所述变速机构包括至少三个挡位，且根据变速输出速度来实现自动换挡。
进一步地，所述变速机构包括固定设置的中轴，以及滚动支承于所述中轴上的变速壳体；所述变速壳体外侧壁设置有与所述正向输入齿轮啮合的变 速输出齿轮；所述中轴上依次设置有第一行星齿轮组件、集成化离心离合组件以及第二行星齿轮组件；
所述第一行星齿轮组件包括第一行星架、第一行星轮、第一太阳轮以及第一齿圈，所述第一太阳轮相对于中轴固定不动，所述第一行星架上设置有变速输入链轮，且所述第一行星架与变速壳体之间设置有一挡离合组件；
所述集成化离心离合组件包括集成离合内圈、二挡离合驱动件、二挡离合外圈、二挡驱动板、二挡离心甩块、三挡离合驱动件、三挡离合外圈、三挡驱动板以及三挡离心甩块，所述二挡离合外圈与第一齿圈沿周向联动，所述集成离合内圈与变速壳体沿周向联动；
所述第二行星齿轮组件包括第二行星架、第二行星轮、第二太阳轮以及第二齿圈，所述第二行星架与第一齿圈沿周向联动，所述第二齿圈与三挡离合外圈沿周向联动，所述第二太阳轮相对于中轴沿周向固定不动。
进一步地，所述第一齿圈内侧壁设置有位于所述第一行星架与集成离合内圈之间的传动板，所述传动板与第二行星架之间设置有位于所述集成离合内圈径向内侧的传动筒。
进一步地，所述传动板与中轴之间设置有轴承。
进一步地，所述第二齿圈内侧壁设置有定位板，所述定位板与集成离合内圈之间设置有轴承。
进一步地，所述离合内圈外侧壁设置有与变速壳体固定连接的输出板，所述二挡离心甩块和三挡离心甩块均安装于所述输出板上，且两者位于所述输出板的同一侧。
综上所述，本实用新型具有以下有益效果：
1、变速器安装于三轮车上，三轮车前进时，变速器正向工作，此时反向输出齿轮空转，则变速机构的转速经过正向输入齿轮、正向花键轴、正向滑套以及正向输出齿轮传递至差速器；三轮车后退时，变速器反向工作，此时正向输出齿轮空转，则变速机构的转速经过正向输入齿轮、反向输入齿轮、反向花键轴、反向滑套以及反向输出齿轮传递至差速器；而且，三轮车前进或者后退时，骑行车的踩踏方向相同，有利于优化骑行体验；
2、变速机构根据输出速度来自动实现挡位的切换，能够优化骑行体验，而且结构简化，能够降低生产成本，并延长使用寿命；
3、结构紧凑，便于安装。
附图说明
图1为实施例中一种三轮车用后置自动变速器的结构示意图；
图2为实施例中变速机构的结构示意图；
图3为实施例中传动机构的结构示意图；
图4为实施例中正向驱动滑套与正向拨叉的结构示意图；
图5为实施例中正向输出齿轮的结构示意图。
图中：1、变速机构；11、中轴；121、第一行星架；122、第一太阳轮；123、第一齿圈；124、一挡离合组件；125、传动板；131、集成离合内圈；132、输出板；133、二挡离合外圈；134、三挡离合外圈；14、传动筒；151、第二行星架；152、第二太阳轮；153、第二齿圈；154、定位板；17、变速输入链轮；18、变速壳体；19、变速输出齿轮；2、传动机构；21、正向花键轴；22、正向输入齿轮；23、正向输出齿轮；231、驱动孔；24、正向滑套；241、花键孔；242、驱动块；243、限位环槽；25、反向花键轴；26、反向输入齿 轮；27、反向输出齿轮；28、反向滑套；291、换向驱动杆；292、正向拨叉；293、反向拨叉；3、差速器。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本实用新型作进一步详细说明。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本实用新型的解释，其并不是对本实用新型的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本实用新型的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
实施例：
一种三轮车用后置自动变速器，参照图1至图5，其包括变速机构1、差速器3以及设置于变速机构1与差速器3之间的传动机构2；本实施例中传动机构2包括正向花键轴21和反向花键轴25，正向花键轴21上分别设置有与其键合的正向输入齿轮22、与其空套的正向输出齿轮23以及与其键合的正向滑套24，正向滑套24能够相对于正向花键轴21沿轴向移动至与正向输出齿轮23连接，并带动正向输出齿轮23转动；反向花键轴25上分别设置有与其键合的反向输入齿轮26、与其空套的反向输出齿轮27以及与其键合的反向滑套28，反向滑套28能够相对于反向花键轴25沿轴向移动至与反向输出齿轮27连接，并带动反向输出齿轮27转动；传动机构2还包括用于驱动正向滑套24或者反向滑套28移动的换向执行组件；其中，正向输入齿轮22与反向输入齿轮26啮合，且正向输入齿轮22与变速机构1连接；正向输出齿轮23和反向输出齿轮27分别与差速器3连接，正向工作时反向输出齿轮27空转，反向工作时正向输出齿轮23空转；本实施例中的变速器安装于三 轮车上，三轮车前进时，变速器正向工作，此时反向输出齿轮27空转，则变速机构1的转速经过正向输入齿轮22、正向花键轴21、正向滑套24以及正向输出齿轮23传递至差速器3；三轮车后退时，变速器反向工作，此时正向输出齿轮23空转，则变速机构1的转速经过正向输入齿轮22、反向输入齿轮26、反向花键轴25、反向滑套28以及反向输出齿轮27传递至差速器；而且，三轮车前进或者后退时，骑行车的踩踏方向相同，有利于优化骑行体验；本实施例中的变速器适用于三轮车，但也可以安装在其它车辆上，在此不做限制。
参照图1至图5，优选地，本实施例中换向执行组件能够驱动正向滑套24和反向滑套28同步移动，从而能够简化结构，并方便控制；具体地，本实施例中换向执行组件包括换向驱动杆291，换向驱动杆291上分别固定设置有与正向滑套24连接的正向拨叉292，以及与反向滑套28连接的反向拨叉293；换向驱动杆291沿其轴向移动时，能够带动正向拨叉292和反向拨叉293同步移动，从而方便实现正向输出齿轮23和反向输出齿轮27工作状态的切换；具体地，正向拨叉292和反向拨叉293上分别旋设有与换向驱动杆291抵接的螺栓，从而实现固定连接，且方便安装和拆卸。
参照图1至图5，具体地，本实施例中正向滑套24端面设置有多个沿周向均布的驱动块242，正向输出齿轮23上开设有多个与驱动块242配合的驱动孔231；正向滑套24相对于正向花键轴21沿轴向移动至驱动块242嵌入驱动孔231内，则实现正向滑套24与正向输出齿轮23的连接，此时正向滑套24即可带动正向输出齿轮23转动；当然，在其他可选的实施例中正向滑套24与正向输出齿轮23之间也可以采用其它结构形式实现连接，例如两组 端面齿，在此不做限制。
参照图1至图5，具体地，本实施例中正向滑套24位于正向输入齿轮22与正向输出齿轮23之间，而反向输出齿轮27位于反向输入齿轮26与反向滑套28之间，从而便于实现连接与分离状态的同步切换；当然，正向滑套24的安装位置和反向滑套28的安装位置可以同步调整，在此不做限制；本实施例中正向输入齿轮22中间开设有与正向花键轴21配合的花键孔，且正向输入齿轮22与正向花键轴21之间设置有轴向限位结构，例如轴向台阶与卡簧配合或者两个卡簧配合；正向滑套24中间开设有与正向花键轴21配合的花键孔241，但是正向滑套24与正向花键轴21之间没有轴向限位结构，所以正向滑套24能够相对于正向花键轴21沿轴向移动；正向输出齿轮23中间开设有圆孔，则空套于正向花键轴21上，使得正向输出齿轮23与正向花键轴21之间无法直接联动；本实施例中正向滑套24外圆周侧壁开设有与正向拨叉292配合的限位环槽243，则正向拨叉292不会影响正向滑套24的转动，且正向拨叉292能够带动正向滑套24沿轴向移动；本实施例中反向花键轴25、反向输入齿轮26、反向输出齿轮27、反向滑套28以及反向拨叉293的结构和连接关系与正向的相同，在此不做赘述；其中，优选地，正向滑套24的两个端面均设置有驱动块242，则正向滑套24可以直接用于反向滑套28，从而方便加工和组装。
参照图1至图3，优选地，本实施例中变速机构1包括至少三个挡位，且根据变速输出速度来实现自动换挡，从而能够优化骑行体验，并延长使用寿命；当然，在其他可选的实施例中变速机构1也可以采用其它变速结构，在此不做限制；具体地，本实施例中变速机构1包括固定设置的中轴11，以 及滚动支承于中轴11上的变速壳体18；变速壳体18外侧壁设置有与正向输入齿轮22啮合的变速输出齿轮19；中轴11上依次设置有第一行星齿轮组件、集成化离心离合组件以及第二行星齿轮组件；本实施例中利用两组行星齿轮组件与一个集成化离心离合组件配合来实现三个挡位，当然，在其他可选的实施例，也可以继续增加行星齿轮组件和集成化离心离合组件来增加挡位数量，在此不做限制。
参照图1和图2，本实施例中第一行星齿轮组件包括第一行星架121、第一行星轮、第一太阳轮122以及第一齿圈123，第一行星架121与变速壳体18之间设置有一挡离合组件124，第一太阳轮122相对于中轴11沿周向固定不动，且第一行星架121上设置有变速输入链轮17；本实施例中中轴11固定不动，第一太阳轮122与中轴11一体成型，来实现第一太阳轮122固定不转动；第一行星架121与中轴11之间设置有轴承，从而能够保证第一行星架121的稳定转动；将变速器安装于三轮车上时，变速输入链轮17与链条连接，来接收骑行者的脚踏转速或者电机转速。
参照图2，本实施例中集成化离心离合组件包括集成离合内圈131、二挡离合驱动件、二挡离合外圈133、二挡驱动板、二挡离心甩块、三挡离合驱动件、三挡离合外圈134、三挡驱动板以及三挡离心甩块，二挡离合外圈133与第一齿圈123沿周向联动，集成离合内圈131与变速壳体18沿周向联动；具体地，本实施例中集成离合内圈131包括一体成型的二挡离合内圈和三挡离合内圈，从而能够减少零件数量、装配工序，并优化轴向尺寸；具体地，本实施例中集成离合内圈131外侧壁设置有与变速壳体18连接的输出板132，二挡离合外圈133和三挡离合外圈134分别位于输出板132两侧；优选地， 二挡离心甩块和三挡离心甩块均与输出板132连接，从而能够根据输出速度来实现状态的变换；本实施例中二挡离心甩块和三挡离心甩块位于输出板132同一侧，从而能够优化轴向尺寸和径向尺寸；本实施例中离心离合组件的工作原理，以及其余结构，均属于现有技术，在此不做赘述。
参照图2，具体地，本实施例中第二行星齿轮组件包括第二行星架151、第二行星轮、第二太阳轮152以及第二齿圈153，第二行星架151与第一齿圈123沿周向联动，第二齿圈153与三挡离合外圈134沿周向联动，第二太阳轮152相对于中轴11沿周向固定不动；优选地，本实施例中第一齿圈123内侧壁设置有位于第一行星架121与集成离合内圈131之间的传动板125，传动板125与第二行星架151之间设置有位于集成离合内圈131径向内侧的传动筒14，从而能够优化轴向尺寸和径向尺寸；优选地，本实施例中传动板125的截面呈T型，从而便于在传动板125与中轴11之间设置位于传动筒14端部的轴承，进而能够优化径向尺寸；本实施例中传动板125与传动筒14之间，以及传动筒14与第二行星架151之间，均通过键槽配合来实现周向联动；具体地，本实施例中第二行星架151与中轴11之间设置有轴承，从而保证第二行星架151的稳定转动；本实施例中第二太阳轮152套设于中轴11上，且两者之间设置有扁位，使得第二太阳轮152固定不转动；优选地，本实施例中第二齿圈153内侧壁设置有定位板154，定位板154与集成离合内圈131之间设置有轴承，从而能够优化径向尺寸，便于在变速壳体18外侧壁设置变速输出齿轮19。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种三轮车用后置自动变速器，包括变速机构、差速器以及设置于所述变速机构与差速器之间的传动机构，其特征在于：所述传动机构包括：
    正向花键轴，所述正向花键轴上分别设置有与其键合的正向输入齿轮、与其空套的正向输出齿轮以及与其键合的正向滑套，所述正向滑套能够相对于所述正向花键轴沿轴向移动至与所述正向输出齿轮连接，并带动所述正向输出齿轮转动；
    反向花键轴，所述反向花键轴上分别设置有与其键合的反向输入齿轮、与其空套的反向输出齿轮以及与其键合的反向滑套，所述反向滑套能够相对于所述反向花键轴沿轴向移动至与所述反向输出齿轮连接，并带动所述反向输出齿轮转动；以及，
    用于驱动所述正向滑套或者反向滑套移动的换向执行组件；
    其中，所述正向输入齿轮与反向输入齿轮啮合，且所述正向输入齿轮与变速机构连接；所述正向输出齿轮和反向输出齿轮分别与差速器连接，正向工作时所述反向输出齿轮空转，反向工作时所述正向输出齿轮空转。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的三轮车用后置自动变速器，其特征在于：所述换向执行组件能够驱动所述正向滑套和反向滑套同步移动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的三轮车用后置自动变速器，其特征在于：所述换向执行组件包括换向驱动杆，所述换向驱动杆上分别固定设置有与所述正向滑套连接的正向拨叉，以及与所述反向滑套连接的反向拨叉。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的三轮车用后置自动变速器，其特征在于：所述正向滑套端面设置有多个沿周向均布的驱动块，所述正向输出齿轮上开设有多个与所述驱动块配合的驱动孔。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的三轮车用后置自动变速器，其特征在于：所述变速机构包括至少三个挡位，且根据变速输出速度来实现自动换挡。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的三轮车用后置自动变速器，其特征在于：所述变速机构包括固定设置的中轴，以及滚动支承于所述中轴上的变速壳体；所述变速壳体外侧壁设置有与所述正向输入齿轮啮合的变速输出齿轮；所述中轴上依次设置有第一行星齿轮组件、集成化离心离合组件以及第二行星齿轮组件；
    所述第一行星齿轮组件包括第一行星架、第一行星轮、第一太阳轮以及第一齿圈，所述第一太阳轮相对于中轴固定不动，所述第一行星架上设置有变速输入链轮，且所述第一行星架与变速壳体之间设置有一挡离合组件；
    所述集成化离心离合组件包括集成离合内圈、二挡离合驱动件、二挡离合外圈、二挡驱动板、二挡离心甩块、三挡离合驱动件、三挡离合外圈、三挡驱动板以及三挡离心甩块，所述二挡离合外圈与第一齿圈沿周向联动，所述集成离合内圈与变速壳体沿周向联动；
    所述第二行星齿轮组件包括第二行星架、第二行星轮、第二太阳轮以及第二齿圈，所述第二行星架与第一齿圈沿周向联动，所述第二齿圈与三挡离合外圈沿周向联动，所述第二太阳轮相对于中轴沿周向 固定不动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的三轮车用后置自动变速器，其特征在于：所述第一齿圈内侧壁设置有位于所述第一行星架与集成离合内圈之间的传动板，所述传动板与第二行星架之间设置有位于所述集成离合内圈径向内侧的传动筒。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的三轮车用后置自动变速器，其特征在于：所述传动板与中轴之间设置有轴承。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的三轮车用后置自动变速器，其特征在于：所述第二齿圈内侧壁设置有定位板，所述定位板与集成离合内圈之间设置有轴承。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的三轮车用后置自动变速器，其特征在于：所述离合内圈外侧壁设置有与变速壳体固定连接的输出板，所述二挡离心甩块和三挡离心甩块均安装于所述输出板上，且两者位于所述输出板的同一侧。
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