WO2023182852A1 - 음극 조성물, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 및 음극을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
음극 조성물, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 및 음극을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023182852A1 WO2023182852A1 PCT/KR2023/003923 KR2023003923W WO2023182852A1 WO 2023182852 A1 WO2023182852 A1 WO 2023182852A1 KR 2023003923 W KR2023003923 W KR 2023003923W WO 2023182852 A1 WO2023182852 A1 WO 2023182852A1
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- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- active material
- anode
- carbon
- weight
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Definitions
- This application relates to a negative electrode composition, a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode.
- lithium secondary batteries with high energy density and voltage, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate have been commercialized and are widely used.
- an electrode for such a high-capacity lithium secondary battery research is being actively conducted on methods for manufacturing a high-density electrode with a higher energy density per unit volume.
- a secondary battery consists of an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and a separator.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material that inserts and desorbs lithium ions from the positive electrode, and silicon-based particles with a large discharge capacity may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- silicon-based compounds such as Si/C or SiOx, which have a capacity more than 10 times greater than graphite-based materials, as anode active materials.
- silicon-based compounds which are high-capacity materials
- the capacity is large compared to conventionally used graphite, but there is a problem in that the volume expands rapidly during the charging process and the conductive path is cut off, deteriorating battery characteristics.
- the volume expansion itself is suppressed, such as a method of controlling the driving potential, a method of additionally coating a thin film on the active material layer, and a method of controlling the particle size of the silicon-based compound.
- Various methods are being discussed to prevent the conductive path from being disconnected or to prevent the conductive path from being disconnected, but these methods have limitations in application because they can reduce battery performance, so the negative electrode battery still has a high content of silicon-based compounds. There are limits to commercialization of manufacturing.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-080971
- a cathode binder is used to prevent volume expansion due to charging and discharging, and a cathode conductive material is used to maintain a conductive path, but the problem of volume expansion due to charging and discharging is still not solved.
- this application relates to a negative electrode composition that can solve the above problems, a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery containing the same, and a lithium secondary battery containing the negative electrode.
- An exemplary embodiment of the present specification includes a silicon-based active material; cathode conductive material; cathode binder; and a carbon-based material; wherein the carbon-based material is included in an amount of 15 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode composition, the carbon-based material has a charge capacity of 400 mAh/g or more, and a discharge capacity of 350 mAh. /g or more, and a negative electrode composition having a charge/discharge efficiency of 90% or less is provided.
- a negative electrode current collector layer In another embodiment, a negative electrode current collector layer; and a negative electrode active material layer containing the negative electrode composition according to the present application formed on one or both sides of the negative electrode current collector layer.
- anode A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present application;
- a separator provided between the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte; to provide a lithium secondary battery including.
- anode composition in order to increase the capacity of the anode, a silicon-based active material is included and a specific content of a carbon-based material under certain conditions is included as the anode active material. Accordingly, compared to the case where the silicon-based active material is included alone in the negative electrode composition, volume expansion due to charging and discharging can be effectively prevented.
- the anode composition according to the present application has the composition as described above, so that during primary charging, the carbon-based material and the silicon-based active material are charged together with lithium ions, and at the same time, the phenomenon of lithium ions being transferred to the silicon-based active material with a large capacity according to the difference in capacity of the active materials occurs. occur simultaneously. As a result, the diffusion of lithium ions is improved and the overall charging uniformity of the silicon-based anode containing lithium ions is improved.
- the negative electrode composition according to the present application contains a specific content of a carbon-based material under specific conditions.
- a carbon-based material with lower charging and discharging efficiency than the silicon-based active material is used, excess lithium ions accumulate in some of the silicon-based active material.
- the effect of pre-lithiation can also be obtained, and it has the characteristic of having an excellent effect in silicon-based anodes whose performance improves depending on the depth of charge.
- the carbon-based material in which the charged lithium ions diffuse into the silicon-based active material as described above is a conductive material, so it remains in the cathode and has the characteristic of increasing the conductivity inside the electrode.
- Figure 1 is a diagram showing a stacked structure of a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 2 is a diagram showing a stacked structure of a lithium secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
- 'p to q' means a range of 'p to q or less.
- specific surface area is measured by the BET method, and is specifically calculated from the amount of nitrogen gas adsorption under liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) using BELSORP-mino II from BEL Japan. That is, in the present application, the BET specific surface area may mean the specific surface area measured by the above measurement method.
- Dn refers to particle size distribution and refers to the particle size at the n% point of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to particle size.
- D50 is the particle size (center particle size) at 50% of the cumulative distribution of particle numbers according to particle size
- D90 is the particle size at 90% of the cumulative distribution of particle numbers according to particle size
- D10 is the cumulative particle number according to particle size. It is the particle size at 10% of the distribution.
- the central particle size can be measured using a laser diffraction method.
- a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device for example, Microtrac S3500
- the difference in diffraction patterns according to particle size is measured when the particles pass through the laser beam, thereby distributing the particle size. Calculate .
- the particle size or particle diameter may mean the average diameter or representative diameter of each grain forming the particle.
- a polymer contains a certain monomer as a monomer unit means that the monomer participates in a polymerization reaction and is included as a repeating unit in the polymer.
- this is interpreted the same as saying that the polymer contains a monomer as a monomer unit.
- 'polymer' is understood to be used in a broad sense including copolymers, unless specified as 'homopolymer'.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn) are determined by using monodisperse polystyrene polymers (standard samples) of various degrees of polymerization commercially available for molecular weight measurement as standard materials, and using gel permeation chromatography (Gel Permeation). This is the polystyrene equivalent molecular weight measured by chromatography (GPC).
- molecular weight means weight average molecular weight unless otherwise specified.
- An exemplary embodiment of the present specification includes a silicon-based active material; cathode conductive material; cathode binder; and a carbon-based material; wherein the carbon-based material is included in an amount of 15 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode composition, the carbon-based material has a charge capacity of 400 mAh/g or more, and a discharge capacity of 350 mAh. /g or more, and a negative electrode composition having a charge/discharge efficiency of 90% or less is provided.
- anode composition in order to increase the capacity of the anode, a silicon-based active material is included and a specific content of a carbon-based material having the above conditions is included as the anode active material. Accordingly, compared to the case where the silicon-based active material is included alone in the negative electrode composition, volume expansion due to charging and discharging can be effectively prevented.
- a negative electrode composition wherein the carbon-based material includes graphite.
- the carbon-based material according to the present application is different from artificial graphite and natural graphite used as existing negative electrode active materials, and also has a different role and structure from plate-shaped graphite used as existing negative electrode conductive materials.
- the carbon-based material is a material with low charge and discharge efficiency, unlike artificial graphite and natural graphite used as a negative electrode active material, or plate-shaped graphite used as a conventional negative electrode conductive material, and corresponds to a material with a large charge amount and a low discharge amount.
- a small discharge amount means that the carbon-based material contains some lithium ions during discharge.
- the carbon-based material according to the present application has smaller particles compared to existing natural or artificial graphite and has excellent output characteristics, and the reason why the charge and discharge efficiency has a specific range is because the degree of graphitization is low, and the charge and discharge efficiency falls within the scope of the present application.
- the use of such materials is for the scope of use of silicon-based active materials.
- the lithium ions charged with graphite are all moved to the silicon-based active material with a large capacity and high potential.
- the higher the charge amount of graphite i.e., the lower the charge and discharge efficiency
- the more Li ions the graphite has which means This has the effect of allowing the silicon-based active material to contain more lithium.
- the range of use of the silicone active material becomes more stable.
- a negative electrode composition in which the carbon-based material has a charge capacity of 400 mAh/g or more, a discharge capacity of 350 mAh/g or more, and a charge/discharge efficiency of 90% or less.
- the carbon-based material may have a charging capacity of 400 mAh/g or more, preferably 410 mAh/g or more, more preferably 420 mAh/g or more, and 600 mAh/g or less, preferably 550 mAh. A range of /g or less can be satisfied.
- the discharge capacity of the carbon-based material may be 350 mAh/g or more, and may satisfy the range of 500 mAh/g or less, preferably 450 mAh/g or less.
- the charge/discharge efficiency of the carbon-based material may satisfy the range of 90% or less, preferably 87% or less, and 70% or more, more preferably 75% or more. there is.
- the carbon-based material according to the present application satisfies the above charge capacity, discharge capacity, and charge/discharge efficiency. Accordingly, when included in a negative electrode composition, it can serve as an active material. In other words, with the above range, the carbon-based material and the silicon-based active material are charged together with lithium ions, and at the same time, the phenomenon of lithium ions being transferred to the silicon-based active material with a large capacity according to the difference in capacity between the active materials occurs simultaneously. As a result, the diffusion of lithium ions is improved and the overall charging uniformity of the silicon-based anode containing lithium ions is improved.
- the carbon-based material according to the present invention has a charge/discharge efficiency of less than 90%, unlike artificial graphite or natural graphite used as existing negative electrode active materials, and has excess lithium ions, which accumulate in some silicon-based active materials.
- the effect of pre-lithiation can also be obtained, and it has the characteristic of having an excellent effect in silicon-based anodes whose performance improves depending on the depth of charge.
- a negative electrode composition in which the functional group content (Volatile matter) of the carbon-based material is 1.0% or more.
- the functional group content is a numerical expression of the content of the functional group included in the carbon-based material, which can be calculated as the weight loss rate as follows.
- Weight loss rate [(Weight of material before heat treatment - Weight of material after heat treatment)/Weight of material before heat treatment] ⁇ 100
- the amount lost by heat treatment may be the functional group present on the surface of the material before the heat treatment.
- the functional group may be at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxy group, carboxyl group, aldehyde group, phenol group, ketone group, anhydride group, lactone group, peroxide group, ether group, hemiacetal group, quinone group, and amine group. there is.
- the functional group content (Volatile matter) used an analysis method that can confirm the mass while increasing the temperature using thermal analysis.
- the method used in this application is the TPD mass method, and specifically, the measurement sample was stored at 950°C. It can be measured by increasing the temperature to confirm the amount of the compound volatilized, and the analyzed amount can be expressed as the content of functional groups present on the surface of the carbon-based material.
- the functional group content (Volatile matter) of the carbon-based material may satisfy the range of 1.0% or more, preferably 1.3% or more, and 5% or less, more preferably 4.5% or less, the most Preferably, the range of 4.0% or less can be satisfied.
- the negative electrode composition according to the present application corresponds to a silicon-based electrode containing a silicon-based active material as a main material.
- the functional group content of the carbon-based material satisfies the above range, improving dispersibility in the water system, and thus the effect of storing and transferring lithium ions in the anode composition can be maximized.
- the carbon-based material according to the present application has a low degree of graphitization and low charge/discharge efficiency, and the degree of graphitization is adjusted through high-temperature sintering. At this time, the content of functional groups can be adjusted to the above range by adjusting the degree of graphitization (adjusting the sintering temperature). there is.
- a negative electrode composition wherein the carbon-based material has a central particle diameter (D50) of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the central particle diameter (D50) of the carbon-based material may be 10 ⁇ m or less, preferably 8 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 7 ⁇ m or less, and 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 3 ⁇ m or more. range can be satisfied.
- the carbon-based material may be included in an amount of 15 parts by weight or less, preferably 13 parts by weight or less, more preferably 12 parts by weight or less, and 1 weight part or less. It may contain more than 5 parts by weight, preferably more than 5 parts by weight.
- the anode composition according to the present application it is characterized in that it contains a silicon-based active material with excellent capacity characteristics as a main active material, and a carbon-based material having the above characteristics is included in the content portion. That is, the capacity characteristics of the negative electrode composition are maximized and at the same time, the carbon-based material with lower capacity characteristics than the silicon-based active material is included in the above content.
- a carbon-based material with lower charge and discharge efficiency than the silicon-based active material is used, excess lithium ions are generated.
- the effect of pre-lithiation can also be obtained, which has the characteristic of having an excellent effect in silicon-based anodes whose performance improves depending on the depth of charge.
- pure silicon (Si) may be used as the silicon-based active material.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the silicon-based active material of the present invention may be 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, specifically 5.5 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m, and more specifically 6 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter is within the above range, the specific surface area of the particles is within an appropriate range, and the viscosity of the anode slurry is within an appropriate range. Accordingly, dispersion of the particles constituting the cathode slurry becomes smooth.
- the size of the silicon-based active material is greater than the above lower limit, the contact area between the silicon particles and the conductive material is excellent due to the composite of the conductive material and the binder in the negative electrode slurry, and the possibility of the conductive network being maintained increases, increasing the capacity. Retention rate increases. Meanwhile, when the average particle diameter satisfies the above range, excessively large silicon particles are excluded to form a smooth surface of the cathode, thereby preventing current density unevenness during charging and discharging.
- the silicon-based active material generally has a characteristic BET specific surface area.
- the BET specific surface area of the silicon-based active material is preferably 0.01 to 150.0 m 2 /g, more preferably 0.1 to 100.0 m 2 /g, particularly preferably 0.2 to 80.0 m 2 /g, most preferably 0.2 to 18.0 m It is 2 /g.
- BET specific surface area is measured according to DIN 66131 (using nitrogen).
- the silicon-based active material may exist, for example, in a crystalline or amorphous form, and is preferably not porous.
- the silicon particles are preferably spherical or fragment-shaped particles. Alternatively but less preferably, the silicon particles may also have a fibrous structure or be present in the form of a silicon-comprising film or coating.
- the silicon-based active material may be 60 parts by weight or more based on 100 parts by weight of the anode composition.
- the silicon-based active material may include 60 parts by weight or more, preferably 65 parts by weight or more, more preferably 70 parts by weight or less, and 90 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode composition. , preferably 85 parts by weight or less, more preferably 80 parts by weight or less.
- the anode composition according to the present application can maintain the volume expansion rate during the charging and discharging process even when a silicon-based active material with a significantly high capacity is used in the above range, and it contains a certain amount of a specific carbon-based material that does not cause problems with the capacity characteristics, thereby achieving high capacity characteristics. At the same time, it has features that can improve the lifespan characteristics of the electrode.
- the silicon-based active material may have a non-spherical shape and the degree of sphericity is, for example, 0.9 or less, for example, 0.7 to 0.9, for example, 0.8 to 0.9, for example, 0.85 to 0.9. am.
- the circularity is determined by the following equation 1, where A is the area and P is the boundary line.
- the negative conductive material may include one or more selected from the group consisting of a point-shaped conductive material, a planar conductive material, and a linear conductive material.
- the point-shaped conductive material can be used to improve conductivity in the cathode, and has conductivity without causing chemical change, meaning a conductive material in the form of a sphere or point.
- the dot-shaped conductive material is natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, Parness black, lamp black, thermal black, conductive fiber, fluorocarbon, aluminum powder, nickel powder, zinc oxide, It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium titanate, titanium oxide, and polyphenylene derivatives, and preferably may include carbon black in terms of realizing high conductivity and excellent dispersibility.
- the point-shaped conductive material may have a BET specific surface area of 40 m 2 /g or more and 70 m 2 /g or less, preferably 45 m 2 /g or more and 65 m 2 /g or less, more preferably 50 m 2 /g. It may be more than /g and less than 60m 2 /g.
- the point-shaped conductive material may satisfy a functional group content (Volatile matter) of 0.01% or more and 1% or less, preferably 0.01% or more and 0.3% or less, and more preferably 0.01% or more and 0.1% or less. there is.
- a functional group content Volatile matter
- it is characterized in that it includes a point-shaped conductive material having a functional group content in the above range along with a silicon-based active material.
- the content of the functional group can be adjusted according to the degree of heat treatment of the point-type conductive material. there is.
- the particle diameter of the point-shaped conductive material may be 10 nm to 100 nm, preferably 20 nm to 90 nm, and more preferably 20 nm to 60 nm.
- the negative electrode conductive material may include a planar conductive material.
- the planar conductive material improves conductivity by increasing surface contact between silicon particles within the cathode, and at the same time can play a role in suppressing disconnection of the conductive path due to volume expansion. It is a plate-shaped conductive material or a bulk-type conductive material. It can be expressed as
- the planar conductive material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of plate-shaped graphite, graphene, graphene oxide, and graphite flakes, and may preferably be plate-shaped graphite.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the planar conductive material may be 2 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m, specifically 3 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m, and more specifically 4 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- D50 average particle diameter
- the planar conductive material has a D10 of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less, a D50 of 2.5 ⁇ m or more and 3.5 ⁇ m or less, and a D90 of 7.0 ⁇ m or more and 15.0 ⁇ m or less. It provides a negative electrode composition.
- the planar conductive material is a high specific surface area planar conductive material having a high BET specific surface area; Alternatively, a low specific surface area planar conductive material can be used.
- the planar conductive material includes a high specific surface area planar conductive material;
- a planar conductive material with a low specific surface area can be used without limitation, but in particular, the planar conductive material according to the present application can be affected to some extent by dispersion on electrode performance, so it is possible to use a planar conductive material with a low specific surface area that does not cause problems with dispersion. This may be particularly desirable.
- the planar conductive material may have a BET specific surface area of 5 m 2 /g or more.
- the planar conductive material may have a BET specific surface area of 5 m 2 /g or more and 500 m 2 /g or less, preferably 5 m 2 /g or more and 300 m 2 /g or less, more preferably 5 m 2 /g or more. It may be more than g and less than 250m 2 /g.
- the planar conductive material is a high specific surface area planar conductive material, and has a BET specific surface area of 50 m 2 /g or more and 500 m 2 /g or less, preferably 80 m 2 /g or more and 300 m 2 /g or less, more preferably In other words, it can satisfy the range of 100m 2 /g or more and 300m 2 /g or less.
- the planar conductive material is a low specific surface area planar conductive material, and has a BET specific surface area of 5 m 2 /g or more and 40 m 2 /g or less, preferably 5 m 2 /g or more and 30 m 2 /g or less, more preferably In other words, it can satisfy the range of 5m 2 /g or more and 25m 2 /g or less.
- Other conductive materials may include linear conductive materials such as carbon nanotubes.
- the carbon nanotubes may be bundled carbon nanotubes.
- the bundled carbon nanotubes may include a plurality of carbon nanotube units.
- the 'bundle type' herein refers to a bundle in which a plurality of carbon nanotube units are arranged side by side or entangled in substantially the same orientation along the longitudinal axis of the carbon nanotube units, unless otherwise specified. It refers to a secondary shape in the form of a bundle or rope.
- the carbon nanotube unit has a graphite sheet in the shape of a cylinder with a nano-sized diameter and an sp2 bond structure.
- the characteristics of a conductor or semiconductor can be displayed depending on the angle and structure at which the graphite surface is rolled.
- the bundled carbon nanotubes can be uniformly dispersed when manufacturing a cathode, and can smoothly form a conductive network within the cathode, improving the conductivity of the cathode.
- the linear conductive material is SWCNT; Or it may include MWCNT.
- the anode conductive material is a point-shaped conductive material; Planar conductive material; and at least one selected from the group consisting of a linear conductive material, wherein the negative electrode conductive material is present in an amount of 0.1 parts by weight or more and 5 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode composition.
- the anode conductive material is present in an amount of 0.1 part by weight or more and 5 parts by weight or less, preferably 0.2 part by weight or more and 3 parts by weight or less, more preferably 0.2 part by weight or more and 1 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the anode composition. It may include the following:
- the anode conductive material may include a linear conductive material.
- the negative conductive material includes a linear conductive material and satisfies the above composition and ratio, it does not significantly affect the lifespan characteristics of the existing lithium secondary battery and allows charging and discharging. increases, resulting in excellent output characteristics at high C-rate.
- the cathode conductive material In the case of the cathode conductive material according to the present application, it has a completely separate configuration from the anode conductive material applied to the anode. In other words, in the case of the anode conductive material according to the present application, it serves to hold the contact point between silicon-based active materials whose volume expansion of the electrode is very large due to charging and discharging.
- the anode conductive material acts as a buffer when rolled and retains some conductivity. It has a role in providing , and its composition and role are completely different from the cathode conductive material of the present invention.
- the negative electrode conductive material according to the present application is applied to a silicon-based active material and has a completely different structure from the conductive material applied to the graphite-based active material.
- the conductive material used in the electrode having a graphite-based active material has the property of improving output characteristics and providing some conductivity simply because it has smaller particles compared to the active material, and is different from the anode conductive material applied together with the silicon-based active material as in the present invention.
- the composition and roles are completely different.
- the planar conductive material used as the above-mentioned negative electrode conductive material has a different structure and role from the carbon-based active material generally used as the existing negative electrode active material. It also has a different structure and role from the carbon-based material according to the present application.
- the carbon-based active material used only as an existing negative electrode active material may be artificial graphite or natural graphite, and refers to a material that is processed into a spherical or point-shaped shape to facilitate the storage and release of lithium ions.
- the planar conductive material used as a negative electrode conductive material is a material that has a plane or plate shape and can be expressed as plate-shaped graphite.
- it is a material included to maintain a conductive path within the negative electrode active material layer, and refers to a material that does not play a role in storing and releasing lithium, but rather secures a conductive path in a planar shape inside the negative electrode active material layer.
- the use of plate-shaped graphite as a conductive material means that it is processed into a planar or plate-shaped shape and used as a material that secures a conductive path rather than storing or releasing lithium.
- the negative electrode active material included has high capacity characteristics for storing and releasing lithium, and plays a role in storing and releasing all lithium ions transferred from the positive electrode.
- the use of a carbon-based active material as an active material means that it is processed into a point-shaped or spherical shape and used as a material that plays a role in storing or releasing lithium.
- artificial graphite or natural graphite which is a carbon-based active material, is in the form of points and can satisfy a BET specific surface area of 0.1 m 2 /g or more and 4.5 m 2 /g or less.
- plate-shaped graphite which is a planar conductive material, is in the form of a planar surface and may have a BET specific surface area of 5 m 2 /g or more.
- the negative electrode binder is polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinylidenefluoride, polyacrylonitrile, Polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, ethylene.
- PVDF-co-HFP polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- EPDM propylene-diene monomer
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- fluororubber poly acrylic acid
- materials whose hydrogen is replaced with Li, Na, or Ca etc. It may include at least one of the following, and may also include various copolymers thereof.
- the negative electrode binder serves to hold the active material and the conductive material to prevent distortion and structural deformation of the negative electrode structure in the volume expansion and relaxation of the silicon-based active material. If the above role is satisfied, the negative electrode binder serves as a general Any binder can be applied, specifically, a water-based binder can be used, and more specifically, a PAM-based binder can be used.
- a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery wherein the negative electrode binder includes an aqueous binder, and the negative electrode binder is in an amount of 5 parts by weight or more and 15 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode composition.
- the negative electrode binder is 5 parts by weight or more and 15 parts by weight or less, preferably 7 parts by weight or more and 13 parts by weight or less, more preferably 9 parts by weight or more and 12 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode composition. It may be less than 100%.
- a silicon-based active material is used to maximize capacity characteristics, and the volume expansion during charging and discharging increases compared to the case of using a conventional carbon-based active material as the main active material. Accordingly, it has the feature of efficiently controlling the volume expansion due to charging and discharging of the silicon-based active material with high rigidity, including the negative electrode binder in the content portion.
- a negative electrode current collector layer In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a negative electrode current collector layer; and a negative electrode active material layer including the negative electrode composition according to the present application formed on one or both sides of the negative electrode current collector layer.
- Figure 1 is a diagram showing a stacked structure of a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
- the negative electrode 100 for a lithium secondary battery includes a negative electrode active material layer 20 on one side of the negative electrode current collector layer 10, and Figure 1 shows that the negative electrode active material layer is formed on one side, but the negative electrode collector layer 10 has a negative electrode active material layer 20 on one side. It can be included on both sides of the entire floor.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may be formed by applying and drying a negative electrode slurry containing the negative electrode composition on one or both sides of a negative electrode current collector layer.
- the cathode slurry includes the cathode composition described above; and a slurry solvent.
- the solid content of the anode slurry may satisfy 5% or more and 40% or less.
- the solid content of the anode slurry may be within the range of 5% to 40%, preferably 7% to 35%, and more preferably 10% to 30%.
- the solid content of the negative electrode slurry may mean the content of the negative electrode composition contained in the negative electrode slurry, and may mean the content of the negative electrode composition based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode slurry.
- the viscosity is appropriate when forming the negative electrode active material layer, thereby minimizing particle agglomeration of the negative electrode composition, thereby enabling efficient formation of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the slurry solvent can be used without limitation as long as it can dissolve the negative electrode composition.
- water, acetone, or NMP can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector layer generally has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- This negative electrode current collector layer is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, copper or stainless steel. Surface treatment of carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the bonding power of the negative electrode active material can be strengthened by forming fine irregularities on the surface, and it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven fabrics.
- a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery wherein the negative electrode current collector layer has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, and the negative electrode active material layer has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness may vary depending on the type and purpose of the cathode used and is not limited to this.
- the porosity of the negative electrode active material layer may satisfy a range of 10% to 60%.
- the porosity of the negative electrode active material layer may be within the range of 10% to 60%, preferably 20% to 50%, and more preferably 30% to 45%.
- the porosity includes the silicon-based active material included in the negative electrode active material layer; conductive material; and varies depending on the composition and content of the binder, especially the silicon-based active material according to the present application; and a conductive material of a specific composition and content satisfies the above range, and thus the electrode is characterized by having an appropriate range of electrical conductivity and resistance.
- an anode In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, an anode; A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present application; A separator provided between the anode and the cathode; It provides a lithium secondary battery including; and an electrolyte.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a stacked structure of a lithium secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
- a negative electrode 100 for a lithium secondary battery including a negative electrode active material layer 20 can be confirmed on one side of the negative electrode current collector layer 10, and a positive electrode active material layer 40 on one side of the positive electrode current collector layer 50.
- a positive electrode 200 for a lithium secondary battery can be confirmed, indicating that the negative electrode 100 for a lithium secondary battery and the positive electrode 200 for a lithium secondary battery are formed in a stacked structure with a separator 30 in between.
- the secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification may particularly include the above-described negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery.
- the secondary battery may include a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte, and the negative electrode is the same as the negative electrode described above. Since the cathode has been described above, detailed description will be omitted.
- the positive electrode is formed on the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode current collector, and may include a positive electrode active material layer containing the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive without causing chemical changes in the battery, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, or carbon on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel. , surface treated with nickel, titanium, silver, etc. can be used.
- the positive electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the positive electrode active material may be a commonly used positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material is a layered compound such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), or a compound substituted with one or more transition metals; Lithium iron oxide such as LiFe 3 O 4 ; Lithium manganese oxide with the formula Li 1+c1 Mn 2-c1 O 4 (0 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 0.33), LiMnO 3 , LiMn 2 O 3 , LiMnO 2 , etc.; lithium copper oxide (Li 2 CuO 2 ); Vanadium oxides such as LiV 3 O 8 , V 2 O 5 , and Cu 2 V 2 O 7 ; Chemical formula LiNi 1-c2 M c2 O 2 (where M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B and Ga, and satisfies 0.01 ⁇ c2 ⁇ 0.3).
- LiMn 2-c3 M c3 O 2 (where M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Zn and Ta, and satisfies 0.01 ⁇ c3 ⁇ 0.1) or Li 2 Mn 3 MO lithium manganese composite oxide represented by 8 (where M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn);
- Examples include LiMn 2 O 4 in which part of Li in the chemical formula is replaced with an alkaline earth metal ion, but it is not limited to these.
- the anode may be Li-metal.
- the positive electrode active material layer may include the positive electrode active material described above, a positive conductive material, and a positive electrode binder.
- the anode conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and can be used without particular limitation as long as it does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity in the battery being constructed.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, etc., of which one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the positive electrode binder serves to improve adhesion between positive electrode active material particles and adhesion between the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode current collector.
- Specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). ), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber. (SBR), fluorine rubber, or various copolymers thereof, and one type of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF-co-HFP vinylidene flu
- the separator separates the cathode from the anode and provides a passage for lithium ions. It can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is normally used as a separator in secondary batteries. In particular, it has low resistance to ion movement in the electrolyte and has an electrolyte moisture capacity. Excellent is desirable.
- porous polymer films for example, porous polymer films made of polyolefin polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these. A laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high melting point glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, etc.
- a coated separator containing ceramic components or polymer materials may be used to ensure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- the electrolytes include, but are not limited to, organic liquid electrolytes, inorganic liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, gel-type polymer electrolytes, solid inorganic electrolytes, and molten inorganic electrolytes that can be used in the manufacture of lithium secondary batteries.
- the electrolyte may include a non-aqueous organic solvent and a metal salt.
- non-aqueous organic solvent examples include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butylo lactone, and 1,2-dimethyl.
- Triesters trimethoxy methane, dioxoran derivatives, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivatives, tetrahydrofuran derivatives, ether, methyl pyropionate, propionic acid.
- Aprotic organic solvents such as ethyl may be used.
- ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate which are cyclic carbonates
- cyclic carbonates are high-viscosity organic solvents and have a high dielectric constant, so they can be preferably used because they easily dissociate lithium salts.
- These cyclic carbonates include dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. If linear carbonates of the same low viscosity and low dielectric constant are mixed and used in an appropriate ratio, an electrolyte with high electrical conductivity can be made and can be used more preferably.
- the metal salt may be a lithium salt, and the lithium salt is a material that is easily soluble in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- anions of the lithium salt include F - , Cl - , I - , NO 3 - , N(CN ) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , PF 6 - , (CF 3 ) 2 PF 4 - , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3 - , (CF 3 ) 4 PF 2 - , (CF 3 ) 5 PF - , (CF 3 ) 6 P - , CF 3 SO 3 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CH - , (SF 5 ) 3 C - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C
- the electrolyte includes, for example, haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and trifluoroethylene for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity reduction, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- One or more additives such as zolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxy ethanol, or aluminum trichloride may be further included.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a battery module including the secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same. Since the battery module and battery pack include the secondary battery with high capacity, high rate characteristics, and cycle characteristics, they are medium-to-large devices selected from the group consisting of electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and power storage systems. It can be used as a power source.
- Si average particle diameter (D50): 3.5 ⁇ m) as a silicon-based active material, graphite (satisfies the physical properties shown in Table 1 below), SWCNT as a carbon-based material, and polyacrylamide (PAM) as a binder at a weight ratio of 80:10:0.21:9.79.
- a negative electrode slurry was prepared by adding distilled water as a solvent for forming the negative electrode slurry (solids concentration: 25% by weight).
- the SWCNTs satisfied a BET specific surface area of 1000 to 1500 m 2 /g and an aspect ratio of 10000 or more.
- the SWCNT, binder, and water were dispersed at 2500 rpm for 30 min using a homomixer, then the silicon-based active material and graphite, a carbon-based material, were added and dispersed at 2500 rpm for 30 min to prepare a negative electrode slurry.
- the negative electrode slurry was coated at a loading amount of 87.7 mg/25 cm 2 on both sides of a copper current collector (thickness: 26 ⁇ m) as a negative electrode current collector layer, rolled, and dried in a vacuum oven at 130°C for 10 hours.
- a negative electrode active material layer (thickness: 33 ⁇ m) was formed, and this was used as the negative electrode of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 (negative electrode thickness: 41 ⁇ m, negative electrode porosity 40.0%).
- the graphite as the carbon-based material used in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 corresponds to natural graphite used as a general carbon-based active material
- the graphite as the carbon-based material used in Comparative Examples 3 and 4 corresponds to general carbon-based material. It corresponds to artificial graphite used as a carbon-based active material.
- Example 1 3.5 449.2 354 78.8 2.72
- Example 2 6.4 434.6 362 83.3 1.71
- Comparative Example 1 11.8 387.6 362 93.40 0.37
- Comparative Example 2 16.5 385.4 360 93.41 0.35
- Comparative Example 3 20.8 375.9 352 93.64 0.47
- a negative electrode was manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that a negative electrode slurry was prepared by adding distilled water as a forming solvent.
- Si (average particle diameter (D50): 3.5 ⁇ m) as a silicon-based active material, the carbon-based material of Example 1, SWCNT, and polyacrylamide (PAM) as a binder at a weight ratio of 40:50:0.21:9.79 as a solvent for forming a cathode slurry.
- a negative electrode slurry was prepared by adding it to distilled water (solids concentration: 25% by weight).
- LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (average particle diameter (D50): 15 ⁇ m) as the positive electrode active material, carbon black (product name: Super C65, manufacturer: Timcal) as the conductive material, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as the binder.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by adding N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent for forming positive electrode slurry at a weight ratio of 1.5:1.5 (solid concentration 78% by weight).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the positive electrode slurry was coated at a loading amount of 537 mg/25 cm 2 on both sides of an aluminum current collector (thickness: 12 ⁇ m), rolled, and dried in a vacuum oven at 130°C for 10 hours to produce a positive electrode active material.
- a layer (thickness: 65 ⁇ m) was formed to prepare an anode (anode thickness: 77 ⁇ m, porosity 26%).
- the secondary battery of Example 1 was manufactured by interposing a polyethylene separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of Example 1 and injecting electrolyte.
- the electrolyte is made by adding 3% by weight of vinylene carbonate based on the total weight of the electrolyte to an organic solvent mixed with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and diethyl carbonate (DMC) at a volume ratio of 30:70, and LiPF as a lithium salt. 6 was added at a concentration of 1M.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- DMC diethyl carbonate
- the lifespan of the secondary battery manufactured above was evaluated using an electrochemical charge/discharge device.
- Capacity maintenance rate (%) ⁇ (discharge capacity in Nth cycle)/(discharge capacity in first cycle) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- the lifespan of the secondary battery manufactured above was evaluated using an electrochemical charge/discharge device.
- Capacity maintenance rate (%) ⁇ (discharge capacity in Nth cycle)/(discharge capacity in first cycle) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- the carbon-based material according to the present application is a material with low charge and discharge efficiency, unlike artificial graphite and natural graphite (Comparative Examples 1 to 4) used as a negative electrode active material, and plate-shaped graphite used as a conventional negative electrode conductive material. It corresponds to a material with a large amount of discharge and a low discharge amount. Accordingly, from the results of the above examples and comparative examples, the negative electrode composition according to the present application has the same composition as above, so that during the first charge, the carbon-based material and the silicon-based active material are charged together with lithium ions, and at the same time, the silicon-based material has a large capacity according to the difference in capacity of the active materials. The transfer of lithium ions to the active material occurs simultaneously. Accordingly, it was confirmed that as the diffusion of lithium ions was improved, the overall charging uniformity of the silicon-based anode containing lithium ions was improved.
- the carbon-based materials of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 have high charge/discharge efficiency and low functional group content. In this case, unlike Examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that the carbon-based material with high charge and discharge efficiency does not accumulate excess lithium ions, so the performance does not improve depending on the charging depth, and the lifespan evaluation is poor compared to Examples 1 to 4. there was.
- Comparative Example 5 a high content of graphite (artificial graphite) was used as a carbon-based material, making it a carbon-based electrode rather than a silicon-based electrode.
- the electrode thickness was thickened, and accordingly, the electrode It was confirmed that the conductivity and C-rate characteristics were lowered, leading to a decrease in lifespan and electrode performance.
- significant detachment occurred during the electrode manufacturing process due to insufficient electrode adhesion and the electrode thickness was too thick, and the decrease in performance over the cycle corresponds to a decrease in rate characteristics due to an increase in electrode thickness.
- the silicon-based electrode contained a high content of the carbon-based material according to the present application.
- the electrode was thickened to develop the same capacity as the Example, and this caused the rate characteristics of the electrode to change. (Output characteristics) decreased, and it was confirmed that lifespan and electrode performance were deteriorated, similar to Comparative Example 5.
Abstract
Description
평균 입경D50 (μm) |
충전 용량 (mAh/g) |
방전 용량 (mAh/g) |
충방전 효율 (%) |
작용기 함량 (%) |
|
실시예 1 | 3.5 | 449.2 | 354 | 78.8 | 2.72 |
실시예 2 | 6.4 | 434.6 | 362 | 83.3 | 1.71 |
실시예 3 | 4.9 | 420 | 365 | 86.9 | 1.34 |
실시예 4 | 3.4 | 445 | 350 | 78.6 | 2.55 |
비교예 1 | 11.8 | 387.6 | 362 | 93.40 | 0.37 |
비교예 2 | 16.5 | 385.4 | 360 | 93.41 | 0.35 |
비교예 3 | 20.8 | 375.9 | 352 | 93.64 | 0.47 |
비교예 4 | 15.2 | 378.4 | 350 | 92.49 | 0.30 |
Coin half cell | Cycle number@ 80% capacity |
실시예 1 | 50 |
실시예 2 | 40 |
실시예 3 | 44 |
실시예 4 | 47 |
비교예 1 | 22 |
비교예 2 | 26 |
비교예 3 | 24 |
비교예 4 | 25 |
비교예 5 | 10 |
비교예 6 | 24 |
Mono cell | Cycle number@ 80% capacity |
실시예 1 | 244 |
실시예 2 | 245 |
실시예 3 | 240 |
실시예 4 | 241 |
비교예 1 | 218 |
비교예 2 | 223 |
비교예 3 | 222 |
비교예 4 | 221 |
비교예 5 | 84 |
비교예 6 | 203 |
Claims (11)
- 실리콘계 활물질; 음극 도전재; 음극 바인더; 및 탄소계 물질;을 포함하는 음극 조성물로,상기 음극 조성물 100 중량부 기준 상기 탄소계 물질은 15 중량부 이하로 포함되며,상기 탄소계 물질의 충전 용량이 400mAh/g 이상이고, 방전 용량이 350mAh/g 이상이며, 충방전 효율이 90% 이하인 음극 조성물.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 탄소계 물질은 흑연을 포함하는 것인 음극 조성물.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 탄소계 물질의 작용기 함량(Volatile matter)이 1.0% 이상인 것인 음극 조성물.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 탄소계 물질의 중심 입경(D50)은 10μm 이하인 것인 음극 조성물.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘계 활물질은 SiOx (x=0), SiOx (0<x<2), SiC, 및 Si 합금으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1 이상을 포함하는 것인 음극 조성물.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 실리콘계 활물질은 SiOx (x=0) 및 SiOx (0<x<2)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1 이상을 포함하며, 상기 실리콘계 활물질 100 중량부 기준 상기 SiOx (x=0)를 70 중량부 이상 포함하는 것인 음극 조성물.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘계 활물질은 상기 음극 조성물 100 중량부 기준 60 중량부 이상인 것인 음극 조성물.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 음극 도전재는 점형 도전재; 면형 도전재; 및 선형 도전재로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1 이상을 포함하며,상기 음극 도전재는 상기 음극 조성물 100 중량부 기준 0.1 중량부 이상 5 중량부 이하인 것인 음극 조성물.
- 음극 집전체층; 및상기 음극 집전체층의 일면 또는 양면에 형성된 청구항 1 내지 청구항 8 중 어느 한 항에 따른 음극 조성물을 포함하는 음극 활물질층;을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 청구항 9에 있어서,상기 음극 집전체층의 두께는 1μm 이상 100μm 이하이며,상기 음극 활물질층의 두께는 20μm 이상 500μm 이하인 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 양극;청구항 9에 따른 리튬 이차 전지용 음극;상기 양극과 상기 음극 사이에 구비된 분리막; 및전해질;을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
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CN202380012047.7A CN117693831A (zh) | 2022-03-25 | 2023-03-24 | 负极组合物、锂二次电池用负极以及包含负极的锂二次电池 |
EP23775347.0A EP4340060A1 (en) | 2022-03-25 | 2023-03-24 | Anode composition, anode for lithium secondary battery, and lithium secondary battery comprising anode |
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KR1020220037219A KR20230139067A (ko) | 2022-03-25 | 2022-03-25 | 음극 조성물, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 및 음극을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
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- 2023-03-24 WO PCT/KR2023/003923 patent/WO2023182852A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2023-03-24 CN CN202380012047.7A patent/CN117693831A/zh active Pending
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JP2009080971A (ja) | 2007-09-25 | 2009-04-16 | Tokyo Univ Of Science | リチウムイオン電池用負極 |
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KR20220037219A (ko) | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-24 | 임정배 | 멀티 펑션 윈도우 스크린 유니트, 미세 섬유 돌출 직조 멀티 펑션 스크린 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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