WO2023181740A1 - Procédé de fabrication de fibre et dispositif de fabrication de fibre - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de fibre et dispositif de fabrication de fibre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023181740A1
WO2023181740A1 PCT/JP2023/005732 JP2023005732W WO2023181740A1 WO 2023181740 A1 WO2023181740 A1 WO 2023181740A1 JP 2023005732 W JP2023005732 W JP 2023005732W WO 2023181740 A1 WO2023181740 A1 WO 2023181740A1
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Prior art keywords
polymer
fibers
fibrous polymer
fiber
discharge
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PCT/JP2023/005732
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
知樹 田村
祐 寺本
凌太 澤田
雄太 池田
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東レ株式会社
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Publication of WO2023181740A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023181740A1/fr

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus suitable for producing fibers.
  • Patent Document 1 is disclosed as a method of drawing a running yarn.
  • fibers formed by discharging a fluid in which a difficult-to-fiber substance is surrounded by an easily-fibrillable substance from three or more nozzles arranged around the outlet of a discharge hole are disclosed.
  • a method is disclosed in which a swirling flow is formed around the fibers by ejecting a gas jet, and the fibers are drawn by injecting the gas jet onto the fibers. Thereby, the fibers after being discharged can be drawn by rotating them, and the difficult-to-fiber substance can be made into fibers.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses that compressed air is supplied inside a duct that has a spiral unevenness on the inner wall and whose cross-sectional area decreases toward the downstream, and the running fibers are A method is shown in which the material is stretched by passing through a duct. In this method, a stretching force is applied to the fibers by the difference in flow velocity in the running direction of the fibers in the duct, and the fibers are twisted by the spiral air flow, thereby making it possible to reduce the diameter of the fibers.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses that a tubular fiber spinning needle is equipped with an inlet for introducing a polymer solution and an outlet for discharging the polymer solution with a non-fixed end, and the fiber spinning needle is compressed at the inlet.
  • a stretching force is generated that acts on the polymer solution, and the polymer solution at the outlet is divided into droplets, and the droplets are By being drawn by a jet of compressed gas, fibers can be obtained at high polymer injection rates.
  • Patent Document 1 In the fiber manufacturing method disclosed in Patent Document 1, a configuration is shown in which a swirling flow is formed near the discharge part by supplying a gas jet with a plurality of inclined nozzles, but the nozzle of Patent Document 1 In this configuration, a linear airflow formed by compressed gas is injected directly into an open space, so the gas expands before forming a swirling flow, and the speed of the airflow decreases before colliding with the fibers. Therefore, it is not possible to increase the spinning speed of the fibers. For this reason, the spinning speed of the fibers becomes low, and the effect of reducing the diameter of the fibers may not be sufficiently achieved.
  • an object of the present invention is to develop a fiber with a very small diameter by stretching a fibrous polymer discharged from a discharge hole while twisting it at high speed in a state where the polymer is easily deformed before solidification.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method and a manufacturing device.
  • a method for manufacturing fibers of the present invention that solves the above problems is a method for manufacturing fibers by stretching a fibrous polymer discharged from a die having a discharge hole, the method comprising: stretching a fibrous polymer discharged from a die having a discharge hole; By applying a twisting force that rotates around the center of the cross section perpendicular to the polymer discharge direction so as to satisfy the following formula, the fibrous polymer is stretched while rotating.
  • V Discharge speed of fibrous polymer [mm/sec]
  • W Rotation speed of fibrous polymer [times/second]
  • the method for producing fibers of the present invention preferably has any or more of the following characteristics (1) to (4).
  • (1) The fibrous polymer is rotated so as to satisfy the following formula at one or more points in the section where the temperature of the fibrous polymer discharged from the nozzle is equal to or higher than (the melting point of the fibrous polymer - 50°C) .
  • W Rotation speed of fibrous polymer [times/second]
  • Each of the fibrous polymers is rotated and stretched so as to revolve around a straight line extending from the discharge hole in the polymer discharge direction.
  • a twisting force in the rotational direction is applied to the fibrous polymer by bringing into contact a roller that rotates in a direction opposite to the rotational direction.
  • the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention that solves the above problems is an apparatus that manufactures fibers by stretching a fibrous polymer, and includes a die having a discharge hole for discharging the fibrous polymer, and a fibrous polymer that is discharged from the discharge hole.
  • an airflow nozzle for ejecting airflow arranged around the fibrous polymer; a space arranged below the discharge hole in the polymer discharge direction through which the fibrous polymer passes; and a wall surrounding the space.
  • an air flow closing member having an air flow closing member having a jet flow injected into the space from the air flow nozzle to form a swirling flow so that the fibrous polymer is oriented around the center of a cross section perpendicular to the direction of polymer discharge.
  • a twisting force in the rotational direction is applied to the fibrous polymer so that it rotates on its own axis.
  • a swirling flow is formed by a jet flow injected into the space from the air flow nozzle, so that the fibrous polymer has a central axis centered on a straight line extending from the discharge hole to the polymer discharge direction. It is preferable to revolve as follows.
  • a fiber manufacturing apparatus that solves the above problems is an apparatus for manufacturing fibers by stretching a fibrous polymer, which comprises: a die having a discharge hole for discharging the fibrous polymer; a rotating roller disposed so as to be in contact with the fibrous polymer being discharged, and by rotating the rotating roller, the fibrous polymer rotates about the center of a cross section perpendicular to the direction of the discharge. As such, a twisting force in the rotational direction is applied to the fibrous polymer.
  • the "polymer discharge direction” refers to the direction in which the fibrous polymer is discharged from the discharge hole.
  • “torsion force” refers to a force that acts on the fiber surface so that a moment is generated in the rotational direction about the center of the fiber cross section in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fiber.
  • “polymer discharge speed” is the length of polymer discharged from the discharge hole in the polymer discharge direction per unit time, and the volume of polymer discharged from the discharge hole per unit time is the length of the polymer discharged from the discharge hole per unit time.
  • rotation speed refers to the number of rotations at which the fiber rotates 360 degrees around the center of the fiber cross section per unit time in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fiber.
  • switching airflow refers to an airflow that continuously rotates in the circumferential direction around one point in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fibers.
  • fibers with a very small diameter can be produced by twisting and stretching the fibrous polymer discharged from the discharge hole at high speed in a state where the polymer is easily deformed before solidification.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a conventional fiber manufacturing apparatus.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a conventional fiber manufacturing apparatus.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a conventional fiber manufacturing apparatus.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the form of the airflow closing member in the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the formation of a swirling flow in the space of the airflow closing member in the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the form of the airflow closing member in the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation angle of the air nozzle.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating the direction of the jet flow from the air nozzle.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a method for measuring the rotation speed of one fibrous polymer.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a method for measuring the drawing force of one fibrous polymer.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation angle of the air nozzle.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the molecular arrangement at the discharge section.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a conventional fiber manufacturing apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • 2 to 8 are schematic cross-sectional views of other embodiments of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • 9 to 11 are schematic cross-sectional views of embodiments of conventional fiber manufacturing apparatuses.
  • figures A and B shown on the right side of the drawing are cross-sectional views taken along lines A and B in the embodiment shown on the left side of the drawing.
  • These figures are schematic diagrams for accurately conveying the main points of the present invention, and the figures are simplified, and the spinning apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the dimensional ratio etc. may vary depending on the implementation. It can be changed according to the form.
  • the size of the polymer 3 after being discharged from the discharge hole 2 in each figure is drawn large in order to clearly illustrate the twisting force.
  • the stretching phenomenon of the fiber 4 in the fiber manufacturing method of the present invention will be explained. See FIG. 9.
  • the conventional fiber manufacturing method which is generally called melt blowing
  • two nozzles are arranged to face a single fiber 4 formed by a polymer 3 discharged from a discharge hole 2, and a jet stream 11 is directly ejected.
  • the fibers 4 are sprayed with a stretching force 16.
  • the polymer 3 is discharged from the discharge hole 2 in a state of low viscosity, and by applying a stretching force 16, the fibers 4 are stretched in the polymer discharge direction. At this time, the molecular orientation of the polymer 3 within the fiber 4 is aligned in the longitudinal direction of the fiber.
  • the polymer 3 becomes difficult to deform in the orientation direction, that is, becomes difficult to be stretched. For this reason, there is a limit to reducing the diameter of the fibers 4 using conventional manufacturing methods.
  • the inventors of the present invention focused on the direction of molecular orientation of the fibers 4 as a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems.
  • the direction in which the fibers 4 are stretched and the orientation of the molecular orientation are the same, so by making this direction different, it may be possible to suppress the inhibition of stretching due to molecular orientation.
  • Molecular chains 22 exist inside the polymer 3, and when the polymer 3 is discharged from the discharge hole 2 during spinning, they are aligned in the longitudinal direction of the fibers 4, and are further aligned by being stretched by the stretching force 16. , the molecular chains 22 are oriented as shown in Figure (a). Since the molecular chains 22 in the polymer 3 are oriented, there is no room for the molecular chains 22 to deform in the orientation direction, and stretching of the polymer 3 in the orientation direction is suppressed. In other words, in the conventional stretching method, the polymer 3 is stretched by applying a stretching force 16 only in the longitudinal direction.
  • the polymer 3 moves in the cross section of the fibers 4, and the orientation of the molecular chains 22 is disturbed as shown in FIG.
  • the molecular chains 22 are easily mobile, so by rotating the fibers 4, it becomes possible to obtain a greater effect of disturbing the molecular chains 22.
  • the fibers 4 not only rotate on their own axis but also revolve around the center of the swirling flow 12 with the discharge part as a fixed point. This promotes the action of disturbing the molecular orientation in the longitudinal direction, making it possible to draw the fibers 4 more efficiently.
  • the fibers 4 are swirled at high speed by the swirling flow 12, with the straight line extending from the discharge hole 2 in the polymer discharge direction as the central axis.
  • This swirling motion causes centrifugal force to act on the fibers 4, promoting the stretching of the fibers 4, and the fibers 4 after being discharged swirl at high speed, making it possible to reduce the diameter of the fibers 4.
  • the revolution speed of the fibers 4 is preferably 100 times/second or more. More preferably, the speed is 500 times/second or more.
  • the inventors of the present invention discovered through their studies that in order to reduce the diameter of the fibers, it is necessary for the fibers 4 to rotate at high speed.
  • the conventional manufacturing method as shown in FIG. 9 only a stretching force 16 in the longitudinal direction is applied to the fibers 4, and it is not possible to apply a twisting force to the fibers 4 to promote stretching.
  • the jet stream 11 is injected from the air nozzle 5 installed at an angle so as to rotate, but since the jet stream 11 is injected into the atmosphere, , the jet stream 11 cannot diffuse to form a swirling flow, and it is not possible to apply a twisting force that causes the fibers 4 to rotate at a sufficient speed.
  • the fibers 4 By stretching the fibers 4 using the manufacturing method of the present invention, the fibers 4 can be stretched while maintaining a state in which the fibers 4 are easily deformed in the stretching direction, and the diameter of the fibers 4 can be reduced. In this way, by applying the stretching force 16 that acts in the longitudinal direction of the fiber 4 while rotating the fiber 4 about the center of the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the stretching efficiency of the fiber 4 increases and the fiber It was discovered that it is possible to reduce the diameter of 4.
  • the rotation speed of the fibers 4 relative to the discharge speed of the polymer 3 is important.
  • a stretching phenomenon tends to occur near the discharge portion of the discharge hole 2.
  • the rotation speed is slow compared to the discharge speed, the number of rotations relative to the length of the fibers 4 to be discharged is small, that is, the twisting force acting on the molecules in the fibers 4 is small, and the effect of disturbing the molecular arrangement due to the twisting force. is not obtained sufficiently, so that the effect of promoting stretching cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to rotate the fibers 4 so that the discharge speed V (mm/sec) and the rotation speed W (times/sec) satisfy W/V ⁇ 0.1 (times/mm).
  • W/V W/V ⁇ 0.2 (times/mm).
  • the rotation speed is faster than the discharge linear velocity, the number of rotations relative to the length of the discharged fibers 4 is large, that is, the torsional force acting on the fibers 4 becomes large, and the shear stress generated in the fibers 4 increases. Since the fibers 4 may be broken due to this, it is preferable to adjust the discharge linear velocity and the number of rotations so that W/V ⁇ 5000 (times/mm).
  • the twisting force that causes the fibers 4 to rotate on their own axis is more likely to be influenced by the closer to the discharge part where the stretching phenomenon is actively occurring, and the torsional stretching effect is more likely to be obtained. Therefore, the position where the twisting force is applied is preferably within 100 mm, more preferably within 50 mm, from the discharge hole 2 of the mouthpiece 1 in the discharge direction. Furthermore, since the effect of the present invention is obtained by the fiber 4 rotating on its own axis in the section where stretching is promoted, if the polymer 3 in the fiber 4 is a crystalline polymer, at least the section where the temperature is higher than the melting point of -50°C is obtained. It is preferable that W/V ⁇ 0.1 (times/mm) at one or more locations.
  • one method is to generate a twisting force on the fibers 4 by a swirling flow, and the other is to bring the fibers 4 into direct contact with a rotating roller to apply a twisting force to the fibers 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a fiber manufacturing apparatus that generates twisting force on fibers 4 by swirling flow.
  • the fiber manufacturing apparatus 100 shown in FIG. An air flow closing member 6 having an air nozzle 5 for spraying, a space 7 disposed below the discharge hole 2 in the polymer discharge direction through which the polymer 3 and the fibers 4 pass, and a wall 8 surrounding the space 7; It consists of a take-up roller 14 that takes up the .
  • a jet stream 11 is injected from an air nozzle 5 toward a wall 8 of an air flow closing member 6 to form a swirling flow 12 within a space 7 . Fibers 4 obtained from the polymer 3 discharged from the nozzle 1 are passed through this swirling flow 12 and then wound up by a winding roller 14.
  • the airflow closing member 6 is constituted by a cylindrical wall 8, and a space 7 surrounded by the wall 8 serves as an airflow passage.
  • the space 7 is a through hole that penetrates from one end surface of the airflow closing member 6 to the other end surface.
  • the space 7 does not need to be surrounded by walls 8 over its entire length, but only needs to be surrounded by walls 8 over a portion of its entire length.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating the formation of a swirling flow in the space of the airflow closing member in the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating the direction of the jet flow from the air nozzle. be.
  • a jet stream 11 having a velocity component in the circumferential direction of the fiber 4 is injected toward the space 7 so as to collide with the wall 8 of the air flow closing member 6 from the air nozzle 5, thereby creating a high-speed swirl.
  • a stream 12 is formed.
  • the injection direction of the jet flow 11 is defined as the radial direction, which is the direction from the tip of the air nozzle 5 toward the center of the fiber 4, and the circumferential direction, which is the direction inclined by 90 degrees from the radial direction.
  • a jet stream 11 having a velocity component in the circumferential direction of the fibers 4 is injected from the air nozzle 5 so as to collide with the wall 8 of the air flow closing member 6 .
  • a swirling flow 12 is formed around the fibers 4.
  • a twisting force 17 acts on the fibers 4, causing the fibers 4 to rotate at high speed.
  • a stretching force 16 acting in the longitudinal direction of the fiber 4 and a twisting force 17 acting in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fiber 4 are applied to the fiber 4, and the fiber 4 is stretched.
  • This stretching method can promote the reduction in the diameter of the fibers 4, so that it is possible to stably obtain the fibers 4 with a small diameter.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a conventional fiber manufacturing apparatus.
  • the fiber manufacturing apparatus 100 of the present invention by installing the air flow closing member 6, it is possible to prevent the jet flow 11 from spreading, and it is possible to reduce the diameter of the fiber 4.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation angle of the air nozzle. If the angle ⁇ is small with respect to the running direction of the fibers 4, the rotational speed component of the swirling flow 12 tends to become weak. On the other hand, if the angle ⁇ is larger than 90°, the airflow is injected in the opposite direction to the running direction of the fibers 4, so an airflow in the opposite direction to the stretching direction of the fibers 4 is generated, which hinders the stretching of the fibers 4. It's easy to get caught. Therefore, the angle ⁇ between the air injection direction and the running direction of the fibers 4 is preferably 5 to 90°.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation angle of the air nozzle in a cross section perpendicular to the running direction of the fibers. If the angle ⁇ between the straight line connecting the center of the discharge part of the air nozzle 5 and the center of the fiber 4 (the shortest straight line connecting the air nozzle 5 and the fiber 4) and the injection direction of the jet flow 11 is small, the jet flow will be directed directly to the fiber 4. 11 collide with each other, making it difficult to form a swirling flow 12.
  • the angle ⁇ between the straight line connecting the center of the discharge part of the air nozzle 5 and the center of the fiber 4 and the air jet direction is preferably 5 to 90 degrees.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • a jet flow 11 is supplied by one air nozzle 5, and a swirl flow 12 is formed inside the air flow closing member 6.
  • the jet flow 11 can be distributed and supplied, and the swirl flow 12 can be formed more stably. become. Therefore, it is preferable that two or more air nozzles 5 inject, and more preferably three or more air nozzles 5 inject.
  • the cross-sectional area of the air flow path of the air nozzle is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the space 7.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the air flow path of the air nozzle 5 is not limited to circular or rectangular, but may be any cross-sectional shape.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • the horizontal cross-sectional area of the space of the airflow closing member 6 is constant from the upper opening 9 to the lower opening 10.
  • the smaller the cross-sectional area the faster the airflow within the airflow closing member 6 and the faster the swirling flow 12 will be. Therefore, as in the fiber manufacturing apparatus 100B shown in FIG.
  • the space 7 has a structure in which the cross-sectional area is smaller at the lower opening 10 than at the upper opening 9. Since the swirling flow 12 formed by the airflow closing member 6 causes the fibers 4 to rotate, the center of the swirling flow 12 and the direction in which the fibers 4 are discharged coincide, making it possible to efficiently rotate the fibers 4. Therefore, it is preferable that the central axis of the spiral flow at the lower opening 10 of the air flow closing member 6 coincides with the traveling direction of the fibers 4.
  • the airflow closing member 6 is a member that forms a swirling flow 12 from the jet flow 11. As in the fiber manufacturing apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1, the swirling flow 12 formed by approximately half of the inner wall of the airflow closing member 6 may collide with the fibers 4, or as in the fiber manufacturing apparatus 100B shown in FIG. As such, the swirling flow 12 may be caused to collide with the fibers 4 only from the vicinity of the lower opening 10 of the airflow closing member 6.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the form of the airflow closing member in the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • the airflow closure member 6 can take various forms.
  • the shape of the airflow closing member 6 may be such that the horizontal cross section of the space 7 is circular and constant as shown in (a), or it may be a shape where the horizontal cross section of the space 7 is circular and tapered as shown in (b). good.
  • the horizontal cross section of the space 7 may be rectangular and constant as shown in (c), or the horizontal cross section of the space 7 may be circular and a passage is formed in the wall as shown in (d). .
  • the shape of the airflow closing member 6 may be other than those shown in (a) to (d).
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • illustration of the winding roller 14 is omitted.
  • the supply of the swirling flow 12 may become unstable due to the influence of gas other than the jet flow 11 at the upper opening 9 of the airflow closing member 6. Therefore, as in the fiber manufacturing apparatuses 100K and 100L shown in FIG. 15, the upper opening 9 of the airflow closing member 6 may close the air nozzle 5 other than the air injection port.
  • the cross-sectional area of the space 7 of the airflow closure member 6 is preferably 1 mm 2 or more and 100 mm 2 or less.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • the die 1 has a plurality of discharge holes 2, and the polymer 3 is discharged from each of the plurality of discharge holes 2, and the discharged plurality of fibers 4 are drawn.
  • the fiber manufacturing apparatus 100F has one more air nozzles 5 than the number of discharge holes 2, and jets a jet stream 11 from the air nozzles 5 arranged in a zigzag manner so as to face each other with one discharge hole 2 in between.
  • a swirling flow 12 is formed around each fiber 4.
  • a mouthpiece 1 having a plurality of discharge holes 2 is used for one closed airflow member 6, and jetting is performed from a plurality of air nozzles 5 so that a swirling flow 12 is generated in each of the fibers 4 discharged from each discharge hole 2.
  • Stream 11 is injected.
  • the production capacity of small diameter fibers 4 can be improved.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, in which the fiber is brought into direct contact with a rotating roller to apply a twisting force to the fiber.
  • a fiber manufacturing apparatus 100D shown in FIG. 5 includes a die 1 having a discharge hole 2 for discharging a polymer 3, and a rotating roller disposed so as to come into contact with fibers 4 made by stretching the polymer 3 discharged from the discharge hole 2. 13, and a take-up roller 14 for winding up the fiber 4.
  • the fibers 4 obtained by discharging the polymer 3 from the mouthpiece 1 are rolled by rotating the rotating roller 13 to apply a twisting force 17 to the fibers 4 while in contact with the rotating roller 13. It is wound up by the take-up roller 14.
  • the fibers 4 are stretched with a stretching force 16 acting on the fibers 4 in the longitudinal direction and a twisting force 17 acting on the fibers 4 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Thereby, it is possible to promote the reduction in the diameter of the fibers 4, so that it is possible to stably obtain the fibers 4 having a small diameter.
  • the rotating roller 13 rotates at high speed, the running fibers 4 may collide with the corners of the side surfaces of the rotating roller 13, causing the fibers 4 to be cut. Therefore, it is preferable that the corners of the side surfaces of the rotating roller 13 are curved. Since the rotating roller 13 comes into contact with the traveling fibers 4, the side surface of the rotating roller 13 that comes into contact with the fibers 4 will wear out if the rotating roller 13 is continuously operated. Therefore, it is preferable that the material of the side surface of the rotating roller 13 is ceramic.
  • the installation angle of the shaft of the rotating roller 13 is parallel to the running direction of the fibers 4 in FIG. It may be arranged at an angle in the range of 0 to 85 degrees.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
  • the fiber manufacturing apparatus 100G shown in FIG. 8 in order to efficiently apply twisting force 17 to the fibers 4, a plurality of spindles 1 are arranged around one rotating roller 13, and a plurality of spindles 1 are discharged from each spindle 1. The fibers 4 are brought into contact with one rotating roller 13, and twisted force is applied to the fibers 4 for spinning. In the fiber manufacturing apparatus 100G, the production capacity of small diameter fibers 4 can be improved.
  • the method for collecting the fibers 4 is not limited to the take-up roller 10 as shown in FIG. 1, but may also be performed using a conveyor 12 as shown in FIG. 7, a fiber drum, or the like.
  • a conveyor 12 and fiber drum By using the conveyor 12 and fiber drum, it is possible to run the fibers 4 without restricting the position of the fibers 4 at the collection position, so the fibers 4 can be twisted freely without restricting their positions. This makes it possible to enhance the stretching effect.
  • the present invention is extremely versatile and can be applied to the production of all known fibers. Therefore, it is not particularly limited by the polymer constituting the fiber.
  • examples of polymers constituting the fibers 4 include polyester, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyolefin, polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like.
  • matting agents such as titanium dioxide, silicon oxide, kaolin, color inhibitors, stabilizers, antioxidants, deodorants, flame retardants, thread friction agents, etc. It may contain additives such as various functional particles such as reducing agents, color pigments, and surface modifiers, and organic compounds, and may also contain copolymerization.
  • the polymer constituting the fiber 4 may be composed of a single component or a plurality of components, and in the case of a plurality of components, examples thereof include a core-sheath, side-by-side, etc. structure.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the fibers 4 forming the fibers 4 may be round, triangular, flat, polygonal, star-shaped, or other irregular shapes, or hollow. At this time, since the cross-sectional shape is different from a perfect circle, the surface area per volume increases, which makes it easier to receive the swirling flow 12 and the twisting force 17 from the rotating roll 13, increasing the rotation speed and making the fibers 4 thinner. can be obtained.
  • a cross-sectional shape that is flattened from a perfect circle is preferable, and a cross-sectional shape that has an uneven surface is more preferable.
  • the present invention aims to produce fibers 4 having a small diameter, there is no particular restriction on the fineness of the single fibers.
  • FIG. 18 shows a schematic diagram of the method for measuring the rotation speed of fibers.
  • a single 32 dtex measuring fiber 19 made of PET is fixed from the top of the cap 1, and a high-speed camera 18 is installed.
  • the number of rotations of the fiber for measurement 19 per second was measured by counting the number of rotations of the measurement fiber 19 from the movement of points in the video that was taken, and this was adopted as the rotation speed of the fiber.
  • the number of rotations in the devices of Examples and Comparative Examples to be described later was measured with the measurement fiber 19 and high-speed camera 18 installed in the devices of Examples and Comparative Examples, and with the air nozzle 5 and rotating roll 14 in operation. did.
  • FIG. 19 shows a schematic diagram of the method for measuring traction force.
  • a single thread of 32 dtex PET measuring fiber 19 was fixed to the tension meter 20 (MODEL-RX-1 manufactured by Aiko Engineering Co., Ltd.) at a length of 1000 mm from the bottom surface of the cap, and an air nozzle was attached to the measuring fiber 19.
  • the airflow ejected from 5 collided with each other, and the tension (mN) generated at that time was measured with a tension meter 16. This measurement was repeated five times, and the average value (mN) was taken as the stretching force.
  • the measurement of the stretching force in the apparatuses of Examples and Comparative Examples described later was carried out with the measurement fibers 19 fixed to the apparatuses of Examples and Comparative Examples, and with the air nozzle 5 in operation.
  • Fiber discharge part temperature (°C) A measuring section of a thermocouple was placed at a distance of 10 mm from the exit surface of the nozzle discharge hole in the discharge direction, and the ambient temperature of the nozzle discharge section was measured during spinning. This measurement was repeated three times to determine the fiber discharge portion temperature (° C.).
  • Fibers were manufactured using manufacturing equipment as shown in FIGS. 1 to 11.
  • As the raw material resin polypropylene resin was used which conformed to ASTM-D1238, had a weight of 2.16 kg, a melt flow rate of 1100 g/10 minutes at a temperature of 230°C, a density of 0.9 g/cm 3 , and a melting point of 180°C.
  • the polymer with a molten resin temperature of 280°C is discharged from the outlet of the nozzle with a nozzle hole diameter of 0.25 mm and a single hole discharge rate of 2 g/min, and the air nozzle hole diameter is 2 mm, which supplies hot air at 280°C, the air injection direction and the fiber running direction.
  • Fibers were produced under the conditions shown in Tables 1 to 3, with an angle of 10° and a jet flow from an air nozzle such that the drawing force was 15 mN.
  • the polymer discharge speed at this time is 755 mm/sec.
  • the test results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.
  • Example 1 Evaluate the effect of torsion in swirling flow.
  • the polymer 3 was discharged from one discharge hole 2 of the die 1.
  • a jet stream is supplied from one air nozzle 5 to the space 7 of the airflow closing member 6 with an inner diameter of ⁇ 5 mm and a height of 5 mm, and the fibers 4 are stretched while applying a twisting force by the swirling flow 12 from a position directly below the discharge hole 2.
  • the fiber was wound up with a winding roller 14.
  • the temperature of the fiber discharge part during spinning was 215° C.
  • the number of fiber rotations W/discharge speed V was 0.79 times/mm
  • the average fiber diameter of the sampled fibers was 2.60 ⁇ m. Note that during spinning, the temperature of the fibrous polymer is maximum at the discharge hole 2, and as the distance from the discharge hole 2 increases, the temperature of the fibrous polymer decreases, so the temperature near the discharge hole is almost the same. Measure the temperature and rotation speed of the fibrous polymer at the location, and check that the temperature is at least (the melting point of the fibrous polymer - 50°C) and that the W/V is at least 0.1 times/mm at that location.
  • the fibrous polymer satisfies W/V ⁇ 0.1 [times/mm] and rotates at one or more points in the section where the temperature of the fibrous polymer is equal to or higher than (the melting point of the fibrous polymer -50°C). You can assume that you are doing so.
  • the following examples and comparative examples may be considered in the same manner.
  • Example 2 Evaluate the influence of the number of air nozzles.
  • the polymer 3 was discharged from one discharge hole 2 of the die 1.
  • a jet stream is supplied from the three air nozzles 5 to the space 7 of the air flow closing member 6, and the fibers 4 are stretched while applying a twisting force from a position directly below the discharge hole 2, and the fibers 4 are wound by the winding roller 14. I took it.
  • the temperature of the fiber discharge part during spinning was 209° C.
  • the number of fiber rotations W/discharge speed V was 0.83 times/mm
  • the average fiber diameter of the collected fibers was 2.59 ⁇ m.
  • Example 3 Evaluate the effects of swirling flow generated by airflow closure members with different shapes.
  • the polymer 3 was discharged from one discharge hole 2 of the die 1.
  • a jet stream is supplied from the three air nozzles 5 to the space 7 of the air flow closing member 6 (inner diameter ⁇ 5 mm, height 5 mm, taper angle 60°, distance between the air discharge part surface and the polymer discharge surface 5 mm), and the discharge hole 2 is
  • the fibers 4 were stretched while applying a twisting force from a position immediately below the exit, and the fibers 4 were wound up with a winding roller 14.
  • the temperature of the fiber discharge part during spinning was 195° C.
  • the number of fiber rotations W/discharge speed V was 0.92 times/mm
  • the average fiber diameter of the sampled fibers was 2.56 ⁇ m.
  • Example 4 Evaluate the effect of temperature drop on twisting in swirling flow.
  • the polymer 3 was discharged from one discharge hole 2 of the die 1.
  • a jet stream is supplied from three air nozzles to the space 7 of the air flow closing member 6, and the fiber 4 is stretched while applying a twisting force from a position 200 mm from the outlet of the discharge hole 2. I wound up 4.
  • the temperature of the fiber discharge part during spinning was 124° C.
  • the number of fiber rotations W/discharge speed V was 0.75 times/mm
  • the average fiber diameter of the sampled fibers was 3.16 ⁇ m.
  • Example 5 Evaluate the effect of torsion on rotating rollers.
  • the polymer 3 was discharged from one discharge hole 2 of the die 1.
  • a rotating roller 13 rotating speed: 30 rpm
  • a twisting force is applied to the fibers 4, and the winding roller 14 Fiber 4 was wound up.
  • the temperature of the fiber discharge part during spinning was 120° C.
  • the number of fiber rotations W/discharge speed V was 0.22 times/mm
  • the average fiber diameter of the sampled fibers was 3.37 ⁇ m.
  • Example 6 Evaluate the impact of changing fiber collection to a conveyor.
  • the polymer 3 was discharged from one discharge hole 2 of the die 1.
  • a jet stream is supplied from the three air nozzles 5 to the space 7 of the air flow closing member 6, and the fibers 4 are stretched while applying a twisting force from a position directly below the outlet of the discharge hole 2, and the fibers 4 are collected by the conveyor 15. did.
  • the temperature of the fiber discharge part during spinning was 209° C.
  • the number of fiber rotations W/discharge speed V was 0.87 times/mm
  • the average fiber diameter of the collected fibers was 2.58 ⁇ m.
  • Example 7 Evaluate the effect of increasing the number of discharge holes in the mouthpiece.
  • a jet stream is supplied from the air nozzle 5 to the space of the airflow closing member 7 to form a swirling stream 12 around one polymer, and the fibers 4 are stretched while applying a twisting force from a position directly below the outlet of the discharge hole 2.
  • the fibers 4 were collected by a conveyor 15.
  • the temperature of the fiber discharge part during spinning was 190° C.
  • the number of fiber rotations W/discharge speed V was 0.59 times/mm
  • the average fiber diameter of the sampled fibers was 2.66 ⁇ m.
  • Example 8 The effect of increasing the number of discharge holes on the rotating roller will be evaluated.
  • the polymer 3 was discharged from each discharge hole 2 of the ten nozzles 1.
  • a twisting force is applied to the fibers 4, and the fibers 4 are wound with a winding roller 14. I took it.
  • the temperature of the fiber discharge part during spinning was 120° C.
  • the number of fiber rotations W/discharge speed V was 0.20 times/mm
  • the average fiber diameter of the sampled fibers was 3.40 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 10 A fiber manufacturing apparatus 100I as shown in FIG. 10 was used.
  • a jet stream was ejected from three air nozzles 5 to the discharged polymer 3 to draw the fibers 4, and the fibers 4 were wound up by a winding roller 14.
  • the temperature at the fiber discharge part was 175° C., the fibers were not rotating, and the average fiber diameter of the collected fibers was 4.65 ⁇ m.
  • the number of fiber rotations W/discharge speed V is less than 0.1 times/mm.
  • the fiber discharge part temperature during spinning was 210° C.
  • the number of fiber rotations W/discharge speed V was 0.05 times/mm
  • the average fiber diameter of the sampled fibers was 4.58 ⁇ m.
  • Example 1 The evaluation conditions and evaluation results of each Example and each Comparative Example are summarized in Tables 1 to 3.
  • Example 1 the fibers were twisted by the swirling flow, and in Examples 5 and 8, by the rotating roller, which facilitated diameter reduction compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 5. Furthermore, in Example 1, the temperature at the twisted portion was high, which facilitated diameter reduction compared to Example 4.
  • the manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus of the present invention can be applied not only to spinning filaments but also to spinning fibers for other uses such as nonwoven fabrics.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de fibre et un dispositif de fabrication de fibre qui permettent d'obtenir efficacement une fibre présentant un diamètre de fibre exceptionnellement petit en étirant un polymère fibreux déchargé à partir d'un orifice de décharge tout en torsadant, à une vitesse élevée, le polymère fibreux dans un état dans lequel le polymère fibreux est facilement déformable avant solidification. Dans ce procédé de fabrication de fibre, par application d'une force de torsion à un seul brin d'un polymère fibreux déchargé dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction de décharge du polymère dans une direction de rotation centrée sur le polymère fibreux, le polymère fibreux est amené à tourner avec le centre de sa section transversale en tant qu'axe, étirant le polymère fibreux de telle sorte que la vitesse de décharge V, en millimètres par seconde, du polymère déchargé à partir d'une buse et la vitesse de rotation W, en rotations par seconde, du polymère fibreux satisfont à W/V ≥ 0,1.
PCT/JP2023/005732 2022-03-25 2023-02-17 Procédé de fabrication de fibre et dispositif de fabrication de fibre WO2023181740A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4933712B1 (fr) * 1970-12-26 1974-09-09
JPS5349126A (en) * 1976-10-12 1978-05-04 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd Manufacturing apparatus for thermal plastic fiber
JPH11247062A (ja) * 1989-06-07 1999-09-14 Kimberly Clark Corp 繊維を形成する装置および方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4933712B1 (fr) * 1970-12-26 1974-09-09
JPS5349126A (en) * 1976-10-12 1978-05-04 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd Manufacturing apparatus for thermal plastic fiber
JPH11247062A (ja) * 1989-06-07 1999-09-14 Kimberly Clark Corp 繊維を形成する装置および方法

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