WO2023177382A1 - Système de revêtement modulaire à densité variable à géométrie variable à support renforcé par interbloc côtier - Google Patents

Système de revêtement modulaire à densité variable à géométrie variable à support renforcé par interbloc côtier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023177382A1
WO2023177382A1 PCT/TT2022/000001 TT2022000001W WO2023177382A1 WO 2023177382 A1 WO2023177382 A1 WO 2023177382A1 TT 2022000001 W TT2022000001 W TT 2022000001W WO 2023177382 A1 WO2023177382 A1 WO 2023177382A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
revetment
concrete block
coastal
units
interbloc
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/TT2022/000001
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Etienne Paul MENDEZ
Original Assignee
Mendez Etienne Paul
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mendez Etienne Paul filed Critical Mendez Etienne Paul
Priority to PCT/TT2022/000001 priority Critical patent/WO2023177382A1/fr
Publication of WO2023177382A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023177382A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements over the INTERBLOC Reinforced Earth Modular Revetment System, both structural systems specific to the 5 technical field of coastal engineering, and designed to resist the erosive forces of the sea whilst simultaneously ensuring the preservation of integrity and form of any given naturally occurring or artificially built coastline.
  • this invention represents quantum advances over the prior art, and is now presented.
  • connecting pins being of a specific material of manufacture being High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
  • HDPE High Density Polyethylene
  • a specific configuration of high tensile strength anchoring strip of HDPE and the several other components which can be combined as a revetment having any desired slope created 15 by using any corresponding desired setback from block course to block course.
  • the reinforced medium structural mechanism allows the flexibility of using a range of materials on the land side of the revetment, from lightweight concrete medium weighing in at 480 kg/cu-m (30 Ib/cu-ft) to densely compacted soils weighing 1,850 kg/m3 (115 Ib/cu-ft) when saturated.
  • the reinforcement in this medium resists the lateral loads imposed by the medium, whilst keeping the revetment in place,5 despite the lateral earth pressures from land, and the forces of the sea which tend to pull the revetment into the sea, with each receding wave.
  • the lightweight concrete medium allows the Coastal INTERBLOC Revetment to be constructed on very soft soils.
  • the new Coastal INTERBLOC Unit manufactured of concrete, and in this embodiment, of Grade 400 (nominally 6,000 psi) fibre reinforced concrete can be made in either a machine manufacturing dry cast process, using a mould which ensures consistency of dimensioning, over the production of thousands of units or in a wet cast process using continuous steel moulds.
  • the Machine Manufacturing process vibrates the concrete into the mould, ensuring a dense concrete;5 the low water-cement ratio employed in concrete or machine manufacture, yields very high concrete strengths; the fillibrated synthetic fibres blended into the concrete mixing process, provides internal reinforcement for the concrete increasing its impact resistance in the short term during handling, delivery and assembly, and over the long term, during service in the revetment, under the relentless action of the waves, the tides and the currents.
  • the wet cast process uses a high slump concrete for 1C ready conformance to the shape of the mould.
  • the preferred embodiment of the connecting pins have flanges to arrest the thru passage of the pin through the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit pinholes. If flanges are used, they must reside in circular rebates in the INTERBLOC Unit, so that they do not prevent the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit from5 making intimate concrete to concrete contact between upper and lower courses of units.
  • the upper half of the HDPE Pin may be tapered to allow expeditious installation of the Unit which straddles the two units below, or it may be right cylindrical.
  • the HDPE Pins may allow a tolerance of up to 5mm in diameter, between the pin’s shaft diameter and the pinhole of the INTERBLOC Unit for ease of assembly, and for inducing long radius curvature in the revetment as and when this is a necessaryT feature of the revetment alignment.
  • the new Coastal INTERBLOC Reinforced Medium Variable Geometry Variable Density Modular Revetment improves upon the earlier INTERBLOC Modular Revetment by virtue of several innovative enhancements in the design, the detailing, the specification and manufacturing processes for its components, in the materials used in its assembly, and the quality assurance stipulations embodied.
  • C- It accommodates the occasional combination of high tides, wave energy and surge generated by extraordinary storm condition which would result in wave overtopping without structural distress.
  • C- It can be constructed to varying slopes and differing slopes in any one revetment
  • the present invention namely the Coastal INTERBLOC and the Coastal INTERBLOC Reinforced Medium Variable Geometry Variable Density Revetment System, comprises the following components:
  • a confined encased aggregate ‘foundation’ illustrated at Drawing Sheets Nos 9 and 10 is the lowest component of the Reinforced Medium Structure, which does not have a ‘Foundation’, per se as the weight of the entire structure, including the exposed surfacing, the reinforcing soils or other medium, is transmitted to the sub-strata over the entire width of the reinforced medium.
  • the preferred L embodiment of the starting component of the Coastal INTERBLOC Reinforced Medium Variable Geometry Variable Density Revetment is a fit-for-purpose bi-axial Geogrid or any other high tensile strength mesh medium encasing an aggregate to crerate a flexible ‘Foundation’ Mat.
  • The5 aggregate used in this component need not be the highest quality, as it is not subject to the abrasive forces of the water, buried as it is, in service, beneath the seabed. Meaningful cost savings over the earlier approach disclosed in the prior art, with increased ease of installation and no loss of functionality render this approach superior to the prior art in every respect. 5
  • the hardwood alignment and levelling template, illustrated at Dwg. Sheet No 14, also addresses Drawback No 1, permitting installation of the first courses of the new Coastal INTERBLOC Reinforced Medium Variable Geometry Variable Density Revetment below seabed elevation, usually below the water line, rapidly.
  • the preferred embodiment of the hardwood alignment and levelling template facilitates the rapid installation of the first plurality or course of Coastal INTERBLOC Units at a precise grade and to the precise spacing of the Units, which is required, to enable the rapid placement of subsequent layers of Coastal INTERBLOC Units.
  • the hardwood used must be heavier than water so that it will not float during its placement before it is5 locked in place by the weight of the Coastal INTERBLOC Units; Green Heart is one such hardwood and is not known to be affected by any type of marine borers nor is it susceptible to marine rot.
  • the hardwood alignment and levelling template when placed on the geogrid encased aggregate foundatiion described above can be very easily levelled, and set to the design alignment, including curvilinear alignments if necessary with short chords, thereby fixing in perpetuity the alignment and elevation of5 the Revetment toe, and consequently the alignment of the revetment itself.
  • This hardwood alignment and levelling template can be produced in any length, limited only by the available lengths of source material, with the optimum length being 3.0 metres, permitting curvatures to be introduced in the revetment based on 3.0m long (or any specified length) chords.
  • the preferred5 embodiment of the hardwood alignment and levelling template presented herein measures in cross section 200mm x 50mm, providing the requisite section modulus to resist deformation under loading.
  • the particular approach disclosed herein for achieving the precise longitudinal spacing of the pinholes in adjacent Coastal INTERBLOC Units in any one course of Units is just one of several approaches which can be used to achieve the objective of the precise amd rapid spacing of the Units and all of3 which are covered by this invention.
  • Locating Pins (described later at Page 11 Line 33 onwards), placed in blind holes of the alignment and levelling template are used to precisely locate the first course of Coastal INTERBLOC Units in the assembly. Locating Pins are placed in the blind holes of the alignment and levelling template with snug fit. Coastal INTERBLOC Units are then positioned so that the exposed upper sector of the pins occupy the Pinholes in the Unit, enabling the rapid placement of the first course of Units, during the Low Tidal Window.
  • the method includes positioning the first plurality of the Coastal INTERBLOCS so as to form at least a portion of a first course of the revetment with the longitudinal spacing of the pinholes in adjacent Units being precisely the same as the longitudinal spacing of the pinholes in any one Coastal INTERBLOC Unit and installing at least two connecting pins described later at Page 11 Line 33 onwards are available to be received in the pinholes of the second plurality of Coastal INTERBLOC Units installed above in such a manner that the any one Coastal INTERBLOC Unit in any upper plurality of Coastal INTERBLOC Units symmetrically straddles two Coastal INTERBLOC Units in the immediate lower plurality of Coastal INTERBLOC Units permitting the upper portion of the connecting pins in the two adjacent Coastal INTERBLOC Units in any lower plurality to be accommodated in the two pinholes of any one unit in the immediate upper plurality of Coastal INTERBLOC Units.
  • the longitudinal spacing of the pins and the pinholes herein refers to the orientation along the length of the revetment.
  • a spacing tool illustrated at Drawing Sheets 17 and 18, comprising steel pins of like diameter to the pinholes affixed to a rigid steel plate and spaced with the exact spacing of the pinholes is employed to attain the exact spacing of the pinholes in adjacent Coastal INTERBLOC Units being the preferred method of attaining the exact spacing of the pinholes as required.
  • Variations in the thickness of a Coastal INTERBLOC Unit (200mm for the 24 L vs 170mm of the 36-L), in the transverse pinhole spacing (80mm vs 102mm, measured perpendicular to the revetment alignment), overall length (516mm vs 577mm) and weight (51.6 Kg vs 50.2 Kg) distinguish the Model 24-L Unit from the Model 36-L.
  • Models 36-R (Right), and 24-R arelphanumeric designations which are self-explanatory. See Drawing Sheet 26.
  • the new Coastal INTERBLOC Unit is specifically engineered with the varying model configurations being purpose built, not simply inverted, or sloped at the formation, to achieve a desired revetment aspect and aesthetic.
  • the several models possible of the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit are numerous, functions of the unit thickness, the pinhole transverse and longitudinal spacings, angles of the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit faces, and are all considered to be covered by this invention.
  • the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit presented in this patent application represents a complete reengineering with respect to the prior art for: a) Greater impact resistance and durability during both handling and installation.
  • the incident angles of impacts are at 170° and at 109.5° to the direction of flow, both obtuse angles enabling deflection of the flow and not reflection of the flow.
  • the third frontal face at 168.6° also permits deflection and not reflection of flow. See Drawing Sheet No 25.
  • Other variations of the design of this typical unit, the current invention can be engineered to produce any number of pre-determined incident angles of wave impact.
  • the angles of the frontal faces and the dimensions of the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit presented and any other dimensions also ensure that the pinholes and connecting pins are not exposed in the assembled revetment.
  • the design of the typical Coastal INTERBLOC Unit presented in this embodiment creates an incident ‘void’ 404mm wide, representing an effective Void Ratio of 127.05% (with respect to the frontal surface width of the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit, 318mm) at first contact between wave and revetment.
  • Other variations of the design of this typical unit, the current invention can be engineered to produce any number of pre-determined void ratios. This progressively reduces to a void of dimensions 173mm x 170mm, representing a void ratio of 42.82%, (with respect to the frontal surface area of the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit), 82mm after first contact.
  • the Locating Pins illustrated at Drawing Sheets 15 & 16, and the Connecting Pins illustrated at Drawing Sheets 19 & 20 presented in this current invention are solid and optimally manufactured of 35 High Density Polyethylene, by way of an injection moulding process, for consistent accurate precise dimensioning and large volume production. Any material possessing a good shear strength, and anticorrosive properties to resist the corrosion by the salt water of the sea, will be a satisfactory material of manufacture for the locating and connecting pins for the subject invention.
  • the Tri Hex Unit shown at Drawing Sheet No 21, is a fit for purpose masonry unit, described as a three-legged masonry unit, which is commonly and universally used as a paving stone, and which has been found to be fit for the purpose of containing the U Coarse Cobbles layer immediately behind the Coastal INTERBLOC Units. Rebates designed into the
  • Coastal INTERBLOC Units accommodate a leading leg of the Tri Hex Unit whilst the two trailing legs are locked in place at the back of the two adjacent Coastal INTERBLOC Units making intimate contact therewith.
  • the Tri Hex Unit presents an impenetrable barrier to movement of the coarse cobbles, preventing cobble fragments from being washed forward through the void between the Coastal 15 INTERBLOC Units, whilst permitting the passage of water from the incoming waves into the coarse cobbles behind the Coastal INTERBLOC Units.
  • a fit-for-purpose high strength uniaxial geogrid manufactured of high density polyethylene (HDPE) is the preferred High Tensile Strength Anchoring Strip.
  • An illustration of a typical sample of such a 5 uniaxial geogrid and its application is illustrated at Drawing Sheet No 4.
  • the very high strength of these mesh materials, the inertness and durability of HDPE and their structural configuration make them ideally suited as a fit-for-purpose component of the Coastal INTERBLOC Revetment.
  • This Uniaxial Geogrid presented herein is the preferred material for use as a high tensile anchoring 53 strip, of the several high tensile anchoring strips available for use in the current invention, all of which are covered in the current invention presented.
  • the transverse ribs drape over and lock onto the connecting pins connecting the Coastal INTERBLOC Units. Multiples of the centre to centre spacing of the apertures of the Geogrid, match the centre to centre spacing of the pinholes exactly ensuring no distortion of the Geogrid when installed.
  • the geotextile filter fabric prevents migration of soils and5 sediments into the confined encased aggregate foundation, particularly from below, thereby preventing settlement, and likewise prevents the migration of the backfilled soil medium into the coarse cobble layer, thereby preventing the creation of voids behind the revetment structure and clogging of the cobbles with fine soil particles in the long term.
  • Geotextile Filter Fabrics comprise needle punched fibres of either Polyethylene or Polypropylene, stabilized with carbon black against degradation by L ultra-violet light. This geotextile material presented herein is the preferred material for use as a separator between discrete types of materials, of the several such materials available for use in the current invention, all of which are covered in the current invention presented.
  • the Coastal INTERBLOC Reinforced Medium Revetment specifically addresses this phenomenon by having a wide variety of backfill materials from lightweight concrete in precast slabs to soil of any gradation, texture or property as backfill medium, the use of lightweight backfill being an improvement over the earlier prior art of using soil as the backfill material and being subject to greater narrative analysis than the use of soils.
  • the Comer Unit will also have larger holes than the pinholes of the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit, allowing a greater tolerance to facilitate ease of installation when connecting Coastal INTERBLOC Unit courses of significantly different alignments.
  • completion may be achieved by either placing precast units on a levelled compacted formation or by forming and casting in-situ. Units may be any length, but the optimum length for handling installation and alignment is 3.00 metres. Pre-casting is done in a manner which leaves steel reinforcement dowels protruding from the0 ends of the section, in both the vertical and horizontal legs. These dowels are lapped and hooked so that the in-situ concrete coupling diaphragms (see Drawing Sheets 30 and 32) will create a discrete high capacity drainage feature.
  • Step 8 Place the Tri Hex Units into the void reserved behind any two Coastal INTERBLOC Units.
  • Step 12 Repeat steps 9 to 11, until the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit course is reached where the installation of the first layer of high strength reinforcing tensile strip is required.
  • Step 13 After installing the connecting pins, in a Coastal INTERBLOC Unit course, the top of which required the installation of the High Strength Reinforcing Uniaxial Geogrid, drape a pre-cut predetermined length of Uniaxial Geogrid, placing it over the tapered Pins, so that the transverse rib fits securely into the recess provided in the connecting pin, fitting the uniaxial geogrid over the several Coastal INTERBLOC Units.
  • the Uniaxial geogrid must be extended over the coarse cobbles, and over the reinforced medium, for its full design length, making sure also that it lies over the folded geotextile, which separates the coarse cobbles from the reinforced fill.
  • Step 14 Continue the installation, repeating steps 9 to 11, and where required, steps 12 and 13, continuing the installation to the seabed elevation.
  • the section of revetment below seabed level, being worked will be backfilled with beach sand or sediments by the incoming tides, leaving Coastal INTERBLOC Units exposed for continuation of the revetment to the upper regimes whether the tide is high or low.
  • Step 15 during the next workable low tidal window, undertake Steps 1 to 14, for a second sector of Coastal INTERBLOC Revetment below the seabed level whilst continuing work to the upper regions of the already completed sub-seabed sectors, through to the Elevation for the Drainage Feature.
  • Step 17 Install the final two courses of Coastal INTERBLOC Units, form and place reinforced in-situ concrete as per the coping detail, concreting the integral diaphragms with the coping 300mm at each end of an adjacent precast overtop drainage L-shaped sections.
  • Step 18 Place coarse cobbles in the overtop Drainage Void formed by the cast-in-situ coping, and the L-Shaped section, to the level of the top of the Coping, so that the coarse cobbles of the overtop drainage is contiguous with the coarse cobbles behind the Coastal INTERBLOC Units.
  • Step 19 Place in-situ reinforced concrete to the apron/boardwalk as per drawing detail, and screed to a finish that permits safe pedestrian activity under any weather conditions, ensuring a minimum transverse grade for rapid run-off of any water, be it precipitation or splash and overtop flows from the sea, back into the drainage feature.
  • Drawing Sheet 1 is a top plan view of the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Drawing Sheet 2 is a top plan view of the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Drawing Sheet 3 is a top plan view of the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Drawing Sheet 4 is a top plan view of the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit illustrating the relationship with the preferred embodiment of a High Tensile Reinforcing strip and the preferred embodiment of a Connecting Pin.
  • Drawing Sheet 7 is a three dimensional view of the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit looking down to the top surface with the left side of the Unit also exposed and visible the nomenclature 'left' determined with reference to facing the sea or river or other body of water.
  • Drawing Sheet 8 is another three dimensional view of the Coastal INTERBLOC Unit looking down to the top surface with the front seaward face the Unit also exposed and visible the nomenclature 'front' determined with reference to facing the sea or river or other body of water.
  • Drawing Sheet 9 is a cross section through the Coastal INTERBLOC Reinforced Medium Variable Geometry Variable Density Modular Revetment.
  • Drawing Sheet 10 are enlargements of certain cross sections through the Coastal INTERBLOC Reinforced Medium Variable Geometry Variable Density Modular Revetment.
  • Drawing Sheet 12 is a cross section through the Coastal INTERBLOC Reinforced Medium Variable Geometry Variable Density Modular Revetment with Lightweight medium as backfill and varying geometry attack slopes.
  • Drawing Sheet 13 is a three dimensional view of the Coastal INTERBLOC Revetment.
  • Drawing Sheet 14 is of the Alignment and Levelling Template with Cross Section and Enlargement.
  • Drawing Sheet 17 is of the preferred embodiment of a Spacing Tool beingt an integral component in the execution of the Coastal INTERBLOC Revetment installation
  • Drawing Sheet 18 are sections of the preferred embodiment of a Spacing Tool being an integral component in the execution of the Coastal INTERBLOC Revetment installation
  • Drawing Sheet 19 is of the Connecting Pin with an enlargement of its application.
  • Drawing Sheet 20 are of sections through the Connecting Pin.
  • Drawing Sheet 21 is of the fit-for-purpose Tri Hex Unit with an enlargement of its application.
  • Drawing Sheet 24 is a Three Dimensional rendition of the Void Porosity.
  • Drawing Sheet 25 shows Plan and Sectional views illustrating Wave Energy Dissipation.
  • Drawing Sheet 26 shows how Sediments in Suspension accrete.
  • Drawing Sheet 30 is a Plan View showing Phase 2 of the Revetment Crest Detail installation.
  • Drawing Sheet 31 are three Sectional Views through the Revetment Crest Detail installation.
  • Drawing Sheet 32 is a Plan View showing Phase 3 of the Revetment Crest Detail installation.
  • Drawing Sheet 33 is a Plan View showing Phase 4 of the Revetment Crest Detail installation.
  • Drawing Sheet 34 is a Plan View showing Phase 5 of the Revetment Crest Detail installation showing the Overtopping Drainage Feature, the Revetment Coping and the Apron/Boardwalk..
  • Drawing Sheet 35 are three Sectional Views through the Revetment Crest Detail installation showing the Overtopping Drainage Feature, the Revetment Coping and the Apron/Boardwalk.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une unité INTERBLOC côtier avec ses divers modes de réalisation variables possibles de dimensions, de poids, d'orientation et de matériaux de fabrication, et un système de revêtement modulaire à géométrie variable à géométrie variable à support renforcé par l'unité INTERBLOC côtier, avec ses divers modes de réalisation variables possibles d'approches d'installation, de hauteur, de configurations esthétiques, de dimensions, de pentes et de matériaux de fabrication pris ensemble, qui représentent un système de revêtement durable, durable, attractif, accessible, peu coûteux et flexible, qui peut être vertical ou incliné; qui peut incorporer une ou plusieurs pentes; qui peut être rectiligne ou curviligne; qui peut être construits sur des sous-sols compétents ou mous; qui va absorber des quantités abondantes d'énergie houlomotrice grâce à son rapport de porosité de vide élevé; qui peut être installé à l'aide d'un travail manuel et d'un équipement de construction légère; qui peut se déposer de manière différentielle sans détresse structurelle ou fonctionnelle; qui peut être transporté de manière rentable dans des conteneurs; qui peut être mis à l'échelle ou mis à l'échelle vers le bas pour s'adapter à l'environnement d'énergie côtière; qui peut être théoriquement analysé par modélisation numérique; qui ne contient que les plus petites proportions de renforcement en acier; qui représente maintenant la technique actuelle des revêtements côtiers en étant attractive, efficace dans l'espace, rentable, fonctionnellement efficace et qui peut coexister avec n'importe quel environnement de côte ou de réservoir côtier dans chaque rapport et qui peut être adapté pour une installation dans n'importe quelle variété de conditions de fond marin ou de sous-sol.
PCT/TT2022/000001 2022-03-18 2022-03-18 Système de revêtement modulaire à densité variable à géométrie variable à support renforcé par interbloc côtier WO2023177382A1 (fr)

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PCT/TT2022/000001 WO2023177382A1 (fr) 2022-03-18 2022-03-18 Système de revêtement modulaire à densité variable à géométrie variable à support renforcé par interbloc côtier

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PCT/TT2022/000001 WO2023177382A1 (fr) 2022-03-18 2022-03-18 Système de revêtement modulaire à densité variable à géométrie variable à support renforcé par interbloc côtier

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5087150A (en) * 1989-10-12 1992-02-11 Mccreary Donald R Method of constructing a seawall reinforcement or jetty structure
JPH10168911A (ja) * 1996-12-16 1998-06-23 Adobuansu:Kk 植栽ブロック
JP3502081B2 (ja) * 2001-11-08 2004-03-02 株式会社フジタ 護岸構造及び護岸施工方法、並びに護床構造及び護床施工方法
MY127469A (en) * 1996-11-19 2006-12-29 Armortec Inc Revetment block
CN208578001U (zh) * 2018-04-17 2019-03-05 湖南全水生态科技有限公司 新型生态型河道挡土墙系统
US10323373B2 (en) * 2016-02-15 2019-06-18 Walter J. Boasso Method and apparatus for erosion control and environmental protection

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5087150A (en) * 1989-10-12 1992-02-11 Mccreary Donald R Method of constructing a seawall reinforcement or jetty structure
MY127469A (en) * 1996-11-19 2006-12-29 Armortec Inc Revetment block
JPH10168911A (ja) * 1996-12-16 1998-06-23 Adobuansu:Kk 植栽ブロック
JP3502081B2 (ja) * 2001-11-08 2004-03-02 株式会社フジタ 護岸構造及び護岸施工方法、並びに護床構造及び護床施工方法
US10323373B2 (en) * 2016-02-15 2019-06-18 Walter J. Boasso Method and apparatus for erosion control and environmental protection
CN208578001U (zh) * 2018-04-17 2019-03-05 湖南全水生态科技有限公司 新型生态型河道挡土墙系统

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