WO2023173152A1 - Système d'incinérateur - Google Patents

Système d'incinérateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023173152A1
WO2023173152A1 PCT/AT2023/060072 AT2023060072W WO2023173152A1 WO 2023173152 A1 WO2023173152 A1 WO 2023173152A1 AT 2023060072 W AT2023060072 W AT 2023060072W WO 2023173152 A1 WO2023173152 A1 WO 2023173152A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluidized bed
spark plug
ignition
ignition electrodes
combustion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2023/060072
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alfred Beilschmidt
Armin SAGEDER
Markus Leopold
Norbert Josef DAMBOECK
Original Assignee
Alfred Beilschmidt
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alfred Beilschmidt filed Critical Alfred Beilschmidt
Publication of WO2023173152A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023173152A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/02—Start-up techniques
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/22—Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2700/00—Special arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluent fuel
    • F23C2700/06—Combustion apparatus using pulverized fuel
    • F23C2700/063—Arrangements for igniting, flame-guiding, air supply in
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/99006—Arrangements for starting combustion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an incineration furnace system for the combustion of biomass, in particular wood pellets, comprising a combustion chamber with a nozzle base, above which a fluidized bed made of a bed of solid particles, preferably quartz sand, is arranged, an ignition unit, a combustion air supply, and a fuel supply.
  • Incinerator systems with fluidized beds are usually used in large systems, for example in power plants, and are operated around the clock. However, in the area of small systems, for example for heating, hot water preparation and power generation for single-family homes, the systems do not run permanently but rather cyclically and therefore have to be re-ignited again and again.
  • E.P 2827059 A An example of such an incinerator system for use in the private sector is described.
  • the air supplied for the starting process is preheated, for example by an electric hot air dryer, in order to reach the ignition temperature for the fuel.
  • the ignition of biomass in pellet stoves is usually carried out with heating resistors or with hot air.
  • the igniters used require around 600 to 1000 W and are subject to a lot of wear due to the high temperature.
  • the EN 20321670 U shows a burner for pellet fuel, which is ignited with a discharge electrode in a guide tube.
  • the electrodes themselves remain at a distance from the pellets.
  • the construction is correspondingly complex and unsuitable for use in a fluidized bed combustion chamber.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve an incineration furnace system, as described for example in EP 2827059 A1, in such a way that the ignition process, which is often required in private use, can be carried out in a significantly more energy efficient manner.
  • the device should be simple and inexpensive to construct and have a long service life with little need for maintenance.
  • the ignition unit comprises two ignition electrodes or a spark plug for generating an arc, the tips of the two ignition electrodes or the tip of the spark plug in the combustion chamber being arranged in the vertical direction above the fluidized bed which is at rest in the switched off state and essentially below an inlet opening of the fuel supply.
  • the tips of the ignition electrodes or the tip of the spark plug protrude directly into the combustion chamber and generate an arc when voltage is applied.
  • the fuel which is introduced into the combustion chamber via the fuel supply, comes to rest on the stationary fluidized bed exactly between the two ignition electrodes or near the tip of the spark plug and is ignited by the plasma of the arc. For example, only around 150 W is required for the ignition device in order to safely ignite the fuel.
  • the tips of the ignition electrodes or the tip of the spark plug lie within the moving fluidized bed during operation of the combustion furnace system.
  • the surface of the fluidized fluidized bed which is now flushed with air, is higher than the surface of the resting fluidized bed and also flows around the tips of the ignition electrodes or the tip of the spark plug.
  • the inlet opening of the combustion air supply is also arranged essentially above the tips of the ignition electrodes or the tip of the spark plug and the incoming air flow is thus aligned essentially normally to the surface of the fluidized bed which is at rest in the switched off state.
  • the combustion air introduced facilitates the ignition process and extends the arc towards the fluidized bed so that the resulting plasma can efficiently surround and ignite the fuel provided.
  • a control unit via which the starting process can be controlled when the combustion furnace system is put into operation, with the control unit first directing fuel into the combustion chamber for the starting process, which comes to rest on the resting fluidized bed, then via the Ignition electrodes or an arc is generated via the spark plug, which ignites the fuel located between the tips of the ignition electrodes or near the tip of the spark plug, whereby the combustion air supply can optionally be controlled via the control unit in order to stretch the arc in the direction of the fluidized bed through the incoming air flow, and wherein after the fuel has been ignited, the ignition electrodes or the spark plug can be deactivated again by the control unit and the air supply through the nozzle base can be activated in order to set the fluidized bed in motion.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side sectional view through the combustion chamber of an incinerator system according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view through the combustion chamber of an incinerator system according to the invention.
  • a combustion chamber 1 of an incineration furnace system is shown very schematically in a side sectional view.
  • a fluidized bed 3 shown here in the switched off state, which is formed from a bed of, for example, quartz sand.
  • a nozzle base 2 which is connected to an air supply 9 via a large number of openings.
  • the air supply 9 serves to fluidize the fluidized bed 3 and to supply combustion air during operation of the system.
  • the air supply 9 is arranged on the outside along the combustion chamber 1 so that the incoming air is preheated accordingly via heat exchanger surfaces before entering through the nozzle base 2.
  • An ignition unit 4 is arranged above the fluidized bed 3, the tips of the ignition electrodes 7 lying above the surface of the stationary fluidized bed 3. Directly above the tips of the ignition electrodes 7 is the inlet opening 8 for the fuel supply 6, through which fuel is introduced in the form of, for example, wood pellets.
  • the combustion air supply 5 is also guided into the combustion chamber 1 via the same pipe as the fuel supply 6 with a common inlet opening 8.
  • Fig. 2 the system from Fig. 1 is shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in the area of the common pipe of the combustion air supply 5 and fuel supply 6. It goes without saying that the fuel supply 6 can also be designed separately and the combustion air supply 5 can, for example, be arranged next to it or in a ring around it.
  • the fuel introduced comes to rest in the area between the tips of the ignition electrodes 7.
  • the ignition electrodes 7 are switched on, an arc is created between the two tips, with the resulting plasma being blown towards the fuel or the surface of the fluidized bed 3 by the air introduced via the combustion air supply 5 and thus efficiently igniting the fuel.
  • the fluidized bed 3 can be started. Due to the movement of the sand bed of the fluidized bed 3, the tips of the ignition electrodes 7 get into the fluidized bed 3 and are freed from any soot that may have arisen during the ignition process, so that they are completely cleaned again during the next ignition process and thus remain unrestricted in their function even with frequent ignition processes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'incinérateur destiné à brûler de la biomasse, en particulier des granulés de bois, comprenant une chambre de combustion (1) avec un fond de buse (2) au-dessus duquel un lit fluidisé (3) comprenant une quantité en vrac de particules solides, de préférence du sable de quartz, est disposé, une unité d'allumage (4), une alimentation en air de combustion (5) et une alimentation en combustible (6). L'unité d'allumage (4) comprend deux électrodes d'allumage (7) ou une bougie d'allumage pour générer un arc, les pointes des deux électrodes d'allumage (7) ou la pointe de la bougie d'allumage étant disposées dans la chambre de combustion (1) dans la direction verticale au-dessus du lit fluidisé (3), qui est fixe dans l'état éteint, et sensiblement au-dessous d'une ouverture d'entrée (8) de l'alimentation en combustible (6).
PCT/AT2023/060072 2022-03-16 2023-03-14 Système d'incinérateur WO2023173152A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50169/2022 2022-03-16
ATA50169/2022A AT526024A1 (de) 2022-03-16 2022-03-16 Verbrennungsofenanlage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023173152A1 true WO2023173152A1 (fr) 2023-09-21

Family

ID=85704975

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AT2023/060072 WO2023173152A1 (fr) 2022-03-16 2023-03-14 Système d'incinérateur

Country Status (2)

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AT (1) AT526024A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023173152A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4436037A (en) * 1982-04-21 1984-03-13 General Motors Corporation Continuous ignition source for controlled disposal of combustible polymer waste in a fluidized bed reactor
DE20321670U1 (de) 2002-04-09 2008-10-23 Termocabi S.R.L., Pieve S. Giacomo Brenner für Pelletbrennstoff
US20110083593A1 (en) * 2009-10-12 2011-04-14 AirClean Technologies, Inc. Fluidized combustor
EP2827059A1 (fr) 2013-07-10 2015-01-21 Alfred Beilschmidt Installation de four à combustion

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH594220A5 (fr) * 1973-07-31 1977-12-30 Stone Platt Fluidfire Ltd
JPS5653374A (en) * 1979-10-05 1981-05-12 Babcock Hitachi Kk Ignition of interrlayer gas burner
JPS58153016A (ja) * 1982-03-05 1983-09-10 Tsukishima Kikai Co Ltd 流動層式焼却炉
US5536488A (en) * 1991-07-01 1996-07-16 Manufacturing And Technology Conversion Indirectly heated thermochemical reactor processes
AT412419B (de) * 2003-03-13 2005-02-25 Windhager Zentralheizung Ag Verfahren und eine vorrichtung zur überprüfung der zündfunktion einer zündeinrichtung
CN202092155U (zh) * 2011-04-27 2011-12-28 河南巨龙生物工程股份有限公司 适用于循环流化床锅炉的点火装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4436037A (en) * 1982-04-21 1984-03-13 General Motors Corporation Continuous ignition source for controlled disposal of combustible polymer waste in a fluidized bed reactor
DE20321670U1 (de) 2002-04-09 2008-10-23 Termocabi S.R.L., Pieve S. Giacomo Brenner für Pelletbrennstoff
US20110083593A1 (en) * 2009-10-12 2011-04-14 AirClean Technologies, Inc. Fluidized combustor
EP2827059A1 (fr) 2013-07-10 2015-01-21 Alfred Beilschmidt Installation de four à combustion

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AT526024A1 (de) 2023-10-15

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