WO2023169428A1 - 逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道及过鱼方法 - Google Patents

逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道及过鱼方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023169428A1
WO2023169428A1 PCT/CN2023/080117 CN2023080117W WO2023169428A1 WO 2023169428 A1 WO2023169428 A1 WO 2023169428A1 CN 2023080117 W CN2023080117 W CN 2023080117W WO 2023169428 A1 WO2023169428 A1 WO 2023169428A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fish
fishway
driving
net
unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/080117
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
戎贵文
戴会超
蒋红玲
毛劲乔
刘启蒙
陈上志
郑铁刚
谭均军
肖柏青
张书赞
王旭
贺甜
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安徽理工大学
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Application filed by 安徽理工大学 filed Critical 安徽理工大学
Publication of WO2023169428A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023169428A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
    • E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
    • E02B1/006—Arresting, diverting or chasing away fish in water-courses or water intake ducts, seas or lakes, e.g. fish barrages, deterrent devices ; Devices for cleaning fish barriers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
    • E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
    • E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of fish passing facilities, and specifically relates to a graded, paired up and down reciprocating combined fish passage.
  • Water conservancy and hydropower projects will have a certain impact on the surrounding ecological environment.
  • the construction of large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects has blocked the connectivity of rivers, causing changes in the original water level, flow velocity, flow and other hydrological factors in the rivers; on the other hand, the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects has affected the material circulation and information transmission in the rivers. , energy flow, etc. also have an impact. This will lead to changes in the habitats required for fish life activities, and the delay and cessation of fish migratory activities such as spawning, feeding, and overwintering.
  • Fish passing facilities are facilities that help fish pass through barrages and dams, and play an important role in fish migration. Fish passage is a widely used fish passing facility and an ecological compensation measure to reduce the interference of dams on fish survival and reproduction. Fish passages are of great significance in reducing the blocking impact of dams and helping to restore the free migration of fish and other aquatic species in rivers.
  • the dam height of the vertical seam fishway is between 6.0m and 39.7m, and the corresponding dam height of the imitation natural fishway is 6.0 to 28.7m.
  • the vertical seam fishway corresponds to a wide range of dam heights, and there is a positive correlation between the length of the fishway and the dam height. That is, the higher the dam height, the longer the fishway.
  • the slope is reduced to meet the requirements of limiting the flow rate. ;
  • the flow velocity in the fishway ranges from 0.5 to 1.7m/s.
  • the simulated natural fishway also corresponds to a wide range of dam heights, with a fishway depth of 2.5m and a flow rate between 0.6m/s and 1.2m/s.
  • the present invention provides a step-by-step paired Up and down reciprocating combined fish passage. It includes several fish passage units, mechanical transmission system, fish driving system, control system and recovery ropeway.
  • the fishway unit is composed of a bottom plate, a wing wall, a gear belt, a chute, a slider, a groove, a curved follower, a partition and a roller row.
  • the bottom plate is horizontally fixed above the curved follower, and the wing walls are vertically fixed on the left and right sides of the fishway bottom plate.
  • a gear belt is provided on the inside of the wing wall.
  • a chute is provided at the front end of the wing wall and a slider is provided at the rear end. , the wing walls of adjacent fishway units are slidingly connected through chute and slider blocks.
  • the curved follower is located at the lower part of the bottom plate, and a groove is transversely provided at the bottom of the curved follower.
  • the mechanical transmission system consists of an eccentric wheel, an electric motor and a transmission shaft.
  • the eccentric wheel has a cylindrical structure.
  • the eccentric wheel is located directly below the curved surface follower and is in sliding contact with the groove of the curved surface follower.
  • the outer surface of the eccentric wheel is provided with a curved surface slideway, and several balls are installed in the curved surface slideway.
  • the eccentric wheel is provided with a shaft hole.
  • the rotating shaft of the motor and the transmission shaft are connected through a reduction gear set, and the transmission shaft passes through the shaft holes of all eccentrics and is fixedly connected to the shaft holes.
  • the fish driving system consists of a driving device, a reel, a fish driving net, a net bag and a control system.
  • the driving device includes a driving motor, a driving shaft and a gear connected to the driving motor, and the gear is meshed with a gear belt.
  • the upper end of the fish driving net is fixed to the reel, and the lower end is fixed to the net bag.
  • the control system controls the operating status of the motor, driving device, reel, driving wheel, telescopic rod and grapple.
  • the recovery ropeway is composed of a driving wheel, a cable, a rope holder, a telescopic rod and a grapple.
  • the driving wheel is a stainless steel cylinder with grooves on its surface.
  • the cable is bound in the groove of the driving wheel.
  • the cable holder is fixed on the cable.
  • the telescopic rod can telescope up and down.
  • the upper end of the telescopic rod is connected to the cable grip.
  • the lower end is connected to a grapple, and the grapple can be freely scaled.
  • the top of the curved follower is a flat surface and the bottom is a curved surface.
  • the top size of the curved follower is the same as the size of the bottom plate.
  • the cross section of the curved follower gradually decreases from top to bottom.
  • the overall shape of the curved follower is: It is an inverted trapezoidal platform with a concave bottom.
  • the curvature of the bottom of the curved follower is the same as the curvature of the eccentric.
  • the outer surface of the eccentric wheel is provided with a concave curved slideway, and a number of balls are arranged in the curved slideway.
  • the curved slideway is in rolling contact with the grooves arranged transversely at the bottom of the curved follower through the balls.
  • the eccentrics are connected through a transmission shaft passing through the shaft hole, and the vertical distances from the highest points of adjacent eccentrics to the transmission shaft are respectively the far hub radius and the near hub radius of the eccentrics.
  • the overall height of the bottom plate of the fish passage unit decreases from upstream to downstream.
  • the maximum height difference of the bottom plates of adjacent fish passage units is equal to the difference between the far hub radius and the near hub radius of the eccentric wheel.
  • the height of the bottom plates of adjacent fish passage units is The minimum height difference is equal to zero.
  • Gears are installed at both ends of the driving device, and the gears mesh with the gear belt during movement.
  • the driving device is regulated by the control system.
  • the drum is connected to the upper end of the fish driving net, and the drum can retract and unfold the fish driving net in a timely manner under the driving of the driving device.
  • the partitions are vertically arranged at the front and rear ends of the bottom plate of the even-numbered fish passage units, and are fixedly connected to the wing walls on the left and right sides; the roller rows are horizontally fixed at the inlet and outlet ends of the odd-numbered fish passage units respectively.
  • the bottom of the drum row is tangent to the bottom plate, and the outer ring of the drum row is made of wear-resistant rubber.
  • the frame material of the net bag is solid stainless steel, and the shape of the net bag is a dustpan shape filled with small holes.
  • the net bag relies on its own gravity to unfold the fish driving net.
  • the shape of the open end of the net bag is rectangular, and the bottom of the open end of the net bag tilts upward.
  • the chute and the slide block are in sliding connection
  • the slide block of the upper level fish passage unit is embedded in the chute of the next level fish passage unit and slides with each other
  • each roller row of the adjacent fish passage unit The rollers are all tangential to the partitions and roll with each other.
  • eccentric wheels arranged at equal distances are used at the bottom of the fishway unit to regulate the height of the fishway unit.
  • the gear belts of the adjacent fishway units are just connected, and the driving device smoothly passes through the connected gear belts.
  • the rotating shaft of the motor and the transmission shaft are connected through a reduction gear set.
  • the top of the curved follower is a flat surface and the bottom is a curved surface.
  • the size of the top of the curved follower is the same as the size of the bottom plate.
  • the cross section of the curved follower gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the overall shape of the curved follower is It is an inverted trapezoidal platform with a concave bottom.
  • the curvature of the bottom of the curved follower is the same as the curvature of the eccentric.
  • the slope of the overall fishway is adjusted by the height of the curved follower.
  • the fish driving system operates intelligently under the control of the control system.
  • the fish driving net and the net bag move forward; when the bottom plates of the adjacent fish passage units tend to be at the same height, the fish driving net and the net bag first rise and then fall through the rotation of the drum, and the fish driving net and the net bag go smoothly. After crossing the partition and the roller row, it speeds up the driving and assists the migratory fish to swim upstream.
  • the present invention consists of multiple fish-driving systems working together. After each fish-driving system reaches the fishway exit, the fish-driving system that reaches the fishway exit is quickly transported to its position at the fishway entrance through the recovery ropeway to ensure that the fish The continuity of the pass and the continuity of the driving process can effectively improve the fish passing efficiency.
  • the recovery ropeway can also be used to quickly transport other items from the downstream to the upstream.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention also includes a fish passing method of a step-by-step paired up and down reciprocating combined fish passage, which is characterized by including the following steps:
  • the control system controls the operating status of the entire fishway.
  • the motor drives the transmission shaft and eccentric wheel to rotate.
  • the sliders fixed on both sides of the entrance of the second-level fishway unit and the outlet of the first-level fishway unit
  • the side-fixed chutes slide with each other, and the horizontally fixed roller row at the entrance of the second-stage fish passage unit rolls with each other with the partition plate vertically fixed on the bottom plate at the exit of the first-stage fish passage unit.
  • the slider slides with the chute, and the roller row rolls with the partition, which not only reduces friction, but also prevents water leakage between the two-stage fish passages.
  • the first-level fishway unit moves to the highest position
  • the second-level fishway unit moves to the lowest position.
  • the bottom plates of the two-level fishway units are flush with each other, and the water flow changes from the original free fall to the flat-slope open channel flow. The flow rate becomes smaller.
  • the control system controls the fish driving system to start moving upstream along the gear belt.
  • the fish driving net and net bag drive migratory fish in the fishway unit, assisting migratory fish to trace upstream, and the bottom of the net bag is close to On the bottom plate, under the gravity of the net bag, the fish repellent net is in a stretched state.
  • the gear belts in the first-stage fish passage unit and the second-stage fish passage unit are also flush.
  • the driving device in the fish driving system The gears at both ends move along the gear belt from the first-level fishway unit to the second-level fishway unit.
  • the drum begins to rotate clockwise under the control of the control system, causing the fish-driving net to begin to shrink and move upward.
  • the fish-driving net drives the net bag to move forward. Moving up, the net helps some fish that have not successfully moved up to migrate.
  • the reel begins to rotate counterclockwise under the control of the control system, and the fish driving net and net bag drop to the height where the net bag is close to the bottom plate.
  • 3Other fishway units at each level will assist the fish to enter the upper-level fishway unit in sequence according to steps 1 and 2 until the fish successfully move up.
  • the fish driving system When migratory fish enter the last level of fishway unit, the fish driving system continues to run forward. When the fish driving system reaches the fishway exit, the fish driving system stops running, and at the same time, the drum begins to rotate clockwise until the fish driving net is When the fish driving net is fully retracted, the control system controls the telescopic rod to extend downward. After the grapple catches the fish driving system, the telescopic rod begins to shrink and move upward. The control system controls the driving wheel to start rotating, and the driving wheel drives the cable to move upward.
  • the cable drives the rope holder to move downstream until the fish driving system is delivered to the entrance of the fishway, the driving wheel stops rotating, and the telescopic rod begins to move downward
  • the drum begins to rotate counterclockwise and begins to lower the fish driving net and net bag until it reaches the initial state.
  • the driving wheel begins to rotate under the control of the control system, driving the cable and rope holder to move until the fish driving system is held.
  • the rigging device reaches the upstream exit of the fishway and the driving wheel stops rotating.
  • the purpose of the fish passage units to be combined up and down in pairs step by step to pass the fish can be achieved.
  • the balls can convert the sliding friction between the eccentric wheel and the curved surface follower into rolling friction, which is beneficial to the smooth lifting and lowering of the fishway unit.
  • the size and dimensions of the eccentric wheel and the curved surface follower can be flexibly adjusted according to different topography and landforms, and the fish passage structure can be flexibly arranged according to the topography and landforms.
  • the elevation difference between the fishway units can be adjusted to adapt to different terrain characteristics.
  • the fish driving system can well assist migratory fish in their migration and improve the efficiency of passing fish.
  • Each fishway unit is independent of each other when not in operation, making maintenance and repair easier.
  • the present invention consists of multiple fish driving systems working together to ensure the continuity of fish passage and the continuity of the driving process, and can effectively improve the fish passing efficiency.
  • the fishway is highly intelligent and can control the operating status of the motor, drive device, reel, drive wheel, telescopic rod and grapple through the control system to adapt to the smooth passage of fish with different swimming abilities.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the stepwise paired up and down reciprocating combined fishway of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the entire reciprocating motion of the fishway unit in Figure 1 for half a cycle;
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the fishway unit in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the drum row, fish passage unit and its lower curved surface follower in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the mechanical transmission system in the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the eccentric wheel in the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the fish driving system in the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the recovery ropeway in the present invention.
  • a progressively paired up and down reciprocating combined fishway includes five fishway units 2, a mechanical transmission system 4, two fish driving systems 7, a control system 75 and a recovery ropeway 8.
  • the fishway unit 2 is composed of a bottom plate 21, a wing wall 22, a gear belt 23, a chute 24, a slider 25, a groove 26, a curved follower 27, a partition 28 and a roller row 29.
  • the bottom plate 21 is rectangular and is horizontally fixed at the bottom of the fishway unit 2 .
  • the two wing walls 22 of the fishway are vertically fixed on the left and right sides of the fishway bottom plate 21.
  • a gear belt 23 is provided on the inside of the wing wall 22, and the length of the gear belt 23 is the same as the length of the wing wall 22.
  • the front end of the wing wall 22 is provided with a chute 24 and the rear end is provided with a slider 25.
  • the chute 24 is shaped like a channel steel, has a bottom seal, opens outward, is lower in height than the gear belt 23, and is vertically fixed at the outlet of the fishway unit 2 on both sides. No chute is provided at the exit of the last fish passage unit 2 upstream.
  • Slider 25 is a A rectangular solid block is used in combination with the chute 24. The slider 25 can be inserted into the chute 24 and slide up and down. The slider 25 is vertically fixed on both sides of the inlet of the fishway unit 2 , and the bottom of the slider 25 is fixed on the upper part of the bottom plate 21 of the fishway unit 2 .
  • the curved follower 27 is located at the lower part of the base plate 21 , and a groove 26 is transversely provided at the bottom of the curved follower 27 .
  • the partitions 28 are vertically arranged at the front and rear ends of the bottom plate 21 of the second and fourth fishway units 2, and are fixedly connected to the wing walls 22 on the left and right sides.
  • the roller rows 29 are horizontally fixed at both ends of the inlet and outlet of the third fishway unit 2, as well as the outlet of the first fishway unit 2 and the inlet of the fifth fishway unit 2.
  • the bottom of the roller row 29 is tangent to the bottom plate 21.
  • the outer ring material of the roller row 29 is made of wear-resistant rubber.
  • the mechanical transmission system 4 consists of five eccentrics 5, an electric motor 6 and a transmission shaft 61.
  • the eccentric 5 has a cylindrical structure.
  • the eccentric 5 is located directly below the curved follower 27 and is in sliding contact with the groove 26 of the curved follower 27.
  • the outer surface of the eccentric 5 is provided with a curved slide 53.
  • the curved slide 53 Several balls 52 are installed inside, the eccentric 5 is provided with an axis hole 51, and the balls 52 are made of stainless steel solid spheres.
  • the rotating shaft of the motor 6 is connected to the transmission shaft 61 through a reduction gear set.
  • the transmission shaft 61 passes through all the shaft holes 51 of the eccentric 5 and is fixedly connected to the shaft hole 51 .
  • the fish driving system 7 is composed of a driving device 71, a reel 72, a fish driving net 73, a net bag 74 and a control system 75.
  • the driving device 71 is controlled by the control system 75.
  • the driving device 71 includes a driving motor, a driving shaft and a gear connected to the driving motor, and the gear meshes with the gear belt 23 during movement.
  • the gear belts 23 of the adjacent fishway units 2 are just connected, and the driving device 71 passes through the connected gear belts 23 smoothly.
  • the drum 72 is connected to the upper end of the fish driving net 73, and the drum 72 can retract and unfold the fish driving net 73 in a timely manner under the driving of the driving device 71.
  • the fish driving net 73 is made of high-strength carbon fiber flexible material.
  • the upper end of the fish driving net 73 is fixed to the drum 72 and the lower end is fixed to the net pocket 74 .
  • the frame material of the net bag 74 is solid stainless steel, and the shape of the net bag 74 is a dustpan shape covered with small holes.
  • the net bag 74 relies on its own gravity to unfold the fish driving net 73.
  • the shape of the open end of the net bag 74 is rectangular, and the bottom of the open end of the net bag 74 tilts upward.
  • the control system 75 controls the operating status of the motor 6, the driving device 71, the drum 72, the driving wheel 81, the telescopic rod 84 and the grappling hook 85.
  • the recovery ropeway 8 is composed of a driving wheel 81, a cable 82, a rope holder 83, a telescopic rod 84 and a grapple 85.
  • the driving wheel 81 is a stainless steel cylinder with grooves on its surface, and the cable 82 is bound in the groove of the driving wheel 81 .
  • the cable holder 83 is fixed on the cable 82, and the telescopic rod 84 can telescope up and down.
  • the upper end of the telescopic rod 84 is connected to the cable holder 83, and the lower end is connected to the grapple 85.
  • the grapple 85 can be freely scaled.
  • the top of the curved follower 27 is a flat surface and the bottom is a curved surface.
  • the size of the top of the member 27 is the same as the size of the bottom plate 21.
  • the cross section of the curved follower 27 gradually decreases from top to bottom.
  • the overall shape of the curved follower 27 is an inverted trapezoidal platform with a concave bottom. The curvature is the same as the curvature of the eccentric 5 .
  • the outer surface of the eccentric 5 is provided with a concave curved slideway 53.
  • a number of balls 52 are arranged inside the curved slideway 53.
  • the curved slideway 53 is arranged transversely through the balls 52 and the bottom of the curved follower 27.
  • the grooves 26 are in rolling contact.
  • the overall height of the bottom plate 21 of the fishway unit 2 decreases from upstream to downstream, and the maximum height difference between the bottom plates 21 of adjacent fishway units 2 is equal to the difference between the far hub radius and the near hub radius of the eccentric wheel 5 , the minimum height difference between the bottom plates 21 of adjacent fishway units 2 is equal to zero.
  • the eccentrics 5 are connected through the transmission shaft 61 passing through the shaft hole 51.
  • the vertical distances from the highest point of the adjacent eccentrics 5 to the transmission shaft 61 are respectively the far hub radius and the near hub radius of the eccentric 5.
  • the chute 24 and the slider 25 are embedded and slidingly connected.
  • the slider 25 of the upper-level fishway unit 2 is embedded in the chute 24 of the lower-level fishway unit 2 and slides with each other.
  • the adjacent fishways Each roller of the roller row 29 of unit 2 is tangential to the partition 28 and rolls with each other.
  • the control system 75 intelligently executes the fishway operation process and transports the fish to the upstream step by step.
  • the fish passing method includes the following steps:
  • the control system 75 controls the operating status of the entire fishway.
  • the motor 6 drives the transmission shaft 61 and the eccentric wheel 5 to rotate.
  • the sliders 25 fixed on both sides of the entrance of the second-stage fishway unit are in contact with the first-stage fishway unit.
  • the chute 24 fixed on both sides of the outlet of the fish pass unit slides with each other, and the roller row 29 fixed horizontally at the entrance of the second-stage fish pass unit rolls with each other with the partition plate 28 fixed vertically on the bottom plate 21 at the outlet of the first-stage fish pass unit.
  • the first-level fishway unit runs to the highest position
  • the second-level fishway unit runs to the lowest position.
  • the bottom plates 21 of the two-level fishway units are flush with each other, and the water flow changes from the original free fall to the flat slope open channel flow. The water flow rate becomes smaller.
  • the control system 75 controls the fish driving system 7 to start moving upstream along the gear belt 23.
  • the fish driving net 73 and the net bag 74 drive away the migratory fish in the fish passage unit and assist the migratory fish to move. Going up, the bottom of the net bag 74 is close to the bottom plate 21, and under the gravity of the net bag 74, the fish driving net 73 is in a stretched state.
  • the gear belt 23 in the first-stage fish passage unit and the second-stage fish passage unit are also flush.
  • the fish driving system 7 The gears at both ends of the driving device 71 are driven by the first gear belt 23 along the gear belt 23.
  • the first-level fish passage unit enters the second-level fish passage unit.
  • the reel 72 begins to rotate clockwise under the control of the control system 75 so that the fish driving net 73 begins to shrink and move upward.
  • the fish driving net 73 drives the net bag 74 to move upward.
  • the net bag 74 Assist some fish that have not successfully moved up to migrate; when the fish driving net 73 and the net bag 74 enter the second-level fishway unit, the drum 72 begins to rotate counterclockwise under the control of the control system 75, and the fish driving net 73 and the net bag 74 drop to The net bag 74 is close to the height of the bottom plate 21 .
  • 3Other fishway units at each level will assist the fish to enter the upper-level fishway unit in sequence according to steps 1 and 2 until the fish successfully move up.
  • the fish driving system 7 continues to run forward.
  • the fish driving system 7 stops running, and at the same time, the drum 72 starts to rotate clockwise.
  • the control system 75 controls the telescopic rod 84 to extend downward.
  • the grappling hook 85 catches the fish driving system 7, the telescopic rod 84 begins to shrink and move upward.
  • the control system 75 controls the driving wheel 81 to start rotating.
  • the driving wheel 81 drives the cable 82 to move downward.
  • the cable 82 drives the cable holder 83 to move downstream until the fish driving system 7 is transported to the entrance of the fish passage.
  • the driving wheel 81 stops rotating and the telescopic rod 84 begins to move downward to a suitable height, the grapple 85 is opened, and the fish driving system 7 is placed in the initial position.
  • the drum 72 starts to rotate counterclockwise, and starts to lower the fish driving net 73 and the net bag 74 until it reaches the initial state.
  • the driving wheel 81 starts to rotate under the control of the control system 75, driving the cable 82 and The rope holder 83 moves until the rope holder 83 reaches the upstream exit of the fishway, and the driving wheel 81 stops rotating.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道及过鱼方法，属于过鱼设施技术领域。本发明旨在提供一种低水头水利枢纽工程高效过鱼技术，克服传统鱼道修建长度大、过鱼效率低的缺陷。本发明包括若干个鱼道单元、机械传动系统、驱鱼系统、控制系统和回收索道，在机械传动系统和驱鱼系统共同作用下，鱼道单元逐级上下往复运动构成过鱼通道。通过共轴偏心轮旋转平衡鱼道单元的重量，降低机械传动系统的能耗；通过滑槽与滑块相嵌滑动、滚筒排与隔板相切滚动，实现鱼道单元衔接。本发明能够缩短鱼道建设长度、节约建设成本，有效降低水利水电工程对河流连通性的影响，工程应用前景广阔，具有重要的生态效益和经济效益。

Description

逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道及过鱼方法 技术领域
本发明涉及过鱼设施技术领域，具体是一种逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道。
背景技术
水利水电工程对其周围的生态坏境会造成一定的影响。一方面大型水利水电工程的修建阻断了河流的连通性，致使河流中原来的水位、流速、流量等水文要素发生了改变；另一方面水利水电工程的修建对河流中的物质循环、信息传递、能量流动等也产生了影响。导致鱼类生命活动所需的栖息地发生改变，鱼类的产卵、索饵、越冬等洄游活动的延缓和停止。过鱼设施是一种帮助鱼类通过拦河闸坝的设施，对鱼类洄游上溯能够发挥重要作用。鱼道是一种应用广泛的过鱼设施，是一种降低闸坝对鱼类生存和繁殖干扰的生态补偿措施。鱼道对于减小大坝的阻隔影响，帮助恢复鱼类和其他水生生物物种在河流中自由洄游具有重要的意义。
目前我国以竖缝式鱼道和仿自然式鱼道为主。从竖缝式鱼道、仿自然式鱼道对应的坝高看，竖缝式鱼道坝高介于6.0m和39.7m，仿自然式鱼道对应坝高为6.0～28.7m。竖缝式鱼道对应的坝高范围较广，且鱼道长度和坝高呈正相关关系，即坝高越高，鱼道越长，通过增加鱼道长度降低坡度，以此达到限制流速的要求；鱼道内流速介于0.5～1.7m/s。仿自然式鱼道对应坝高范围也较广，鱼道深度为2.5m，流速介于0.6m/s和1.2m/s之间。
鱼道的有效运行是保持河流纵向连通性的重要技术手段之一。但对现有鱼道设施的调研表明：传统的鱼道难以调节鱼道底坡和水力坡度，导致鱼道长度太大，建设成本太高，而且大部分鱼道运行情况并不理想，过鱼效率不高，甚至有部分鱼道完全没有过鱼。
发明内容
为了降低传统鱼道对鱼类克流能力和连续跳跃能力的要求，提高鱼道过鱼效率、保护天然渔业资源、保障水生生态系统的连续性和多样性，本发明提供一种逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道。包括若干个鱼道单元、机械传动系统、驱鱼系统、控制系统和回收索道。
所述鱼道单元由底板、翼墙、齿轮带、滑槽、滑块、凹槽、曲面从动件、隔板和滚筒排组成。所述底板水平固定在曲面从动件上方，所述翼墙垂直固定在鱼道底板的左右两侧，翼墙内侧设有齿轮带，翼墙的前端设置有滑槽、后端设置有滑块，相邻的鱼道单元的翼墙之间通过滑槽与滑块相嵌滑动衔接。所述曲面从动件位于底板下部，曲面从动件底部横向设置有凹槽。
所述机械传动系统由偏心轮、电动机和传动轴组成。所述偏心轮为圆柱形结构，偏心轮位于曲面从动件正下方，并与曲面从动件的凹槽滑动接触，偏心轮外表面设有曲面滑道，曲面滑道内安装有若干个滚珠，偏心轮设有轴孔。所述电动机的转轴与传动轴通过减速齿轮组相连，所述传动轴穿过全部偏心轮的轴孔并与轴孔固定连接。
所述驱鱼系统由驱动装置、卷筒、驱鱼网、网兜和控制系统组成。所述驱动装置包括驱动电机以及与驱动电机相连接的驱动轴和齿轮，齿轮与齿轮带啮合连接。所述驱鱼网上端与卷筒固定、下端与网兜固定。所述控制系统控制电动机、驱动装置、卷筒、驱动轮、伸缩杆和抓钩的运行状态。
所述回收索道由驱动轮、缆绳、握索器、伸缩杆和抓钩组成。所述驱动轮为表面设有凹槽的不锈钢圆柱，所述缆绳束缚在驱动轮的凹槽内，所述握索器固定在缆绳上，所述伸缩杆能够上下伸缩，伸缩杆上端与握索器相连，下端与抓钩相连，所述抓钩能够自由缩放。
所述曲面从动件顶部为平面、底部为曲面，曲面从动件的顶部大小与底板的大小相同，所述曲面从动件横截面由上而下逐渐减小，曲面从动件整体形状为底部下凹的倒立梯形台，曲面从动件底部的曲率与偏心轮的曲率大小相同。
所述偏心轮外表面设有下凹式的曲面滑道，所述曲面滑道内布设有若干个滚珠，曲面滑道通过滚珠与曲面从动件底部横向设置的凹槽滚动接触。
所述偏心轮通过传动轴穿过轴孔连接，相邻偏心轮的最高点到传动轴的垂直距离分别为偏心轮的远毂半径与近毂半径。
所述鱼道单元的底板整体的高度自上游向下游递减，相邻鱼道单元的底板的最大高度差值等于偏心轮远毂半径与近毂半径的差值，相邻鱼道单元的底板的最小高度差值等于零。
所述驱动装置两端装有齿轮，齿轮在运动中与齿轮带相啮合，驱动装置由控制系统调控。
所述卷筒与驱鱼网上端相连接，卷筒在驱动装置的驱动下能够适时收放驱鱼网。
优选的，所述隔板垂直设置在偶数的鱼道单元的底板前后两端，并与左右两侧的翼墙固定连接；所述滚筒排分别水平固定在奇数的鱼道单元进口和出口两端，滚筒排底部与底板相切，滚筒排外圈材料采用耐磨损橡胶。
优选的，所述网兜边框材料为实心不锈钢，网兜形状为布满小孔的簸箕形状，网兜依靠自身重力将驱鱼网展开，网兜敞口端形状为长方形，网兜敞口端底部向上仰起。
优选的，所述滑槽与滑块相嵌滑动衔接，上一级鱼道单元的滑块嵌入下一级鱼道单元的滑槽中并相互滑动，相邻鱼道单元的滚筒排的每根滚筒均与隔板相切并相互滚动。
优选的，鱼道单元底部采用等距离布置的偏心轮对鱼道单元的高度进行调控。
优选的，相邻鱼道单元运行至同一高度时，相邻鱼道单元的齿轮带正好衔接，所述驱动装置顺利通过衔接的齿轮带。
优选的，电动机的转轴与传动轴通过减速齿轮组相连。
优选的，曲面从动件顶部为平面、底部为曲面，曲面从动件的顶部大小与底板的大小相同，所述曲面从动件横截面由上而下逐渐减小，曲面从动件整体形状为底部下凹的倒立梯形台，曲面从动件底部的曲率与偏心轮的曲率大小相同。通过曲面从动件的高度调节整体鱼道的坡度。
优选的，驱鱼系统在控制系统的调控下智能运行。在同一级鱼道单元中，驱鱼网和网兜做向前运动；在相邻鱼道单元底板趋于同一高度时，驱鱼网和网兜通过卷筒旋转先上升、后下降，驱鱼网和网兜既顺利越过隔板和滚筒排，又加快驱赶和辅助洄游鱼类向上游游动。
优选的，本发明由多个驱鱼系统协同工作，每个驱鱼系统达到鱼道出口后，通过回收索道将到达鱼道出口的驱鱼系统快速运输到鱼道入口处归位，保障鱼类通过的连续性和助驱过程的持续性，能够有效提高过鱼效率。
优选的，在鱼类非洄游期，还能够利用回收索道快速从下游输送其他物品至上游。
本发明提供的技术方案还包括逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道的过鱼方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
①在鱼类洄游季节，由控制系统控制整个鱼道的运行状态，电动机驱动传动轴和偏心轮转动，同时第二级鱼道单元入口两侧固定的滑块与第一级鱼道单元出口两侧固定的滑槽相互滑动，第二级鱼道单元入口处水平固定的滚筒排与第一级鱼道单元出口处垂直固定在底板上的隔板相互滚动。滑块与滑槽滑动，滚筒排与隔板滚动，不仅能够减少摩擦，还能够防止两级鱼道之间漏水。当第一级鱼道单元运行到最高位时，第二级鱼道单元运行到最低位，此时两级鱼道单元底板相齐平，水流由原来的自由跌落转变为平坡明渠水流，水流流速变小。
②在执行步骤①的同时，控制系统控制驱鱼系统沿着齿轮带开始向上游运动，驱鱼网和网兜在鱼道单元中对洄游鱼类进行驱赶，辅助洄游性鱼类进行上溯，网兜底部贴近底板，在网兜的重力作用下，驱鱼网处于拉伸状态。当第一级鱼道单元与第二级鱼道单元底板相齐平时，第一级鱼道单元与第二级鱼道单元内的齿轮带也齐平，此时，驱鱼系统中的驱动装置两端的齿轮沿着齿轮带由第一级鱼道单元进入第二级鱼道单元，同时卷筒在控制系统的控制下开始顺时针转动使得驱鱼网开始收缩并上移，同时驱鱼网带动网兜进行上移，网兜辅助一些未成功上溯的鱼类进行洄游。当驱鱼网和网兜进入第二级鱼道单元时，卷筒在控制系统的控制下开始逆时针旋转，驱鱼网和网兜下降至网兜贴近底板的高度。
③其他各级鱼道单元按步骤①、②的过程依次辅助鱼类进入上一级鱼道单元，直至鱼类成功上溯。
④当洄游鱼类进入最后一级鱼道单元，驱鱼系统继续向前运行，当驱鱼系统抵达鱼道出口处时，驱鱼系统停止运行，同时卷筒开始顺时针旋转，直至驱鱼网被完全收回，当驱鱼网被完全收回时，控制系统控制伸缩杆向下伸长，抓钩抓住驱鱼系统后，伸缩杆开始收缩上移，控制系统控制驱动轮开始转动，驱动轮带动缆绳向下运动，缆绳带动握索器向下游运动，直至将驱鱼系统输送至鱼道入口处，驱动轮停止转动，伸缩杆开始向下运动 至合适高度，抓钩张开，将驱鱼系统放置初始位置。驱鱼系统放置初始位置后，卷筒开始逆时针旋转，开始放下驱鱼网和网兜，直至达到初始状态，同时，驱动轮在控制系统的控制下开始转动，带动缆绳和握索器运动，直至握索器到达鱼道上游出口处，驱动轮停止转动。
⑤完成上述所有步骤为一个过鱼周期；在多个驱鱼系统的协同工作下，各级鱼道单元按照上述相应步骤逐级辅助洄游鱼类上溯。
按照上述相应步骤，即能够实现鱼道单元逐级成对上下往复组合过鱼的目的。
有益效果：
(1)鱼道单元的高程随着偏心轮的转动而改变，使得相邻鱼道单元间的水流流态由急流逐渐转变为缓流，有助于鱼类的洄游上溯。
(2)相邻鱼道单元之间的底坡大于传统鱼道的底坡，有助于极大地缩短鱼道长度，节约建设成本。
(3)相邻的两个偏心轮在转动过程中，上方两个鱼道单元施加在偏心轮上的作用力方向相反，作用力能够巧妙互相抵消，减小了鱼道单元运行过程的动力和能耗。
(4)滚珠能够将偏心轮与曲面从动件之间的滑动摩擦转变为滚动摩擦，有利于鱼道单元顺利实现升降。
(5)偏心轮与曲面从动件的大小和尺寸能够根据不同的地形地貌进行灵活调整，鱼道结构可根据地形、地貌灵活布置。通过改变偏心轮的直径或曲面从动件的高度能够调整鱼道单元之间的高程差，适应不同的地形特征。
(6)驱鱼系统能够很好的辅助洄游性鱼类进行洄游，提高过鱼效率。
(7)滑块与滑槽滑动，滚筒排与隔板滚动，不仅能够减少鱼道单元之间的摩擦力，还能够有效防止两级鱼道之间漏水。
(8)各个鱼道单元在不运行时是相互独立的，方便维护和保养。
(9)本发明由多个驱鱼系统协同工作，保障鱼类通过的连续性和助驱过程的持续性，能够有效提高过鱼效率。
(10)鱼道智能化程度高，能够通过控制系统控制电动机、驱动装置、卷筒、驱动轮、伸缩杆和抓钩的运行状态，适应不同游泳能力的鱼类顺利上溯。
附图说明
图1为本发明的逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道整体结构示意图；
图2为图1鱼道单元全部往复运动半个周期的结构示意图；
图3为图1中的鱼道单元的结构示意图；
图4为图1中滚筒排、鱼道单元及其下部曲面从动件的结构示意图；
图5为本发明中机械传动系统的结构示意图；
图6为本发明中偏心轮的结构示意图；
图7为本发明中驱鱼系统的结构示意图；
图8为本发明中回收索道的结构示意图。
图中：1-鱼道出口；2-鱼道单元；21-底板；22-翼墙；23-齿轮带；24-滑槽；25-滑块；26-凹槽；27-曲面从动件；28-隔板；29-滚筒排；3-鱼道进口；4-机械传动系统；5-偏心轮；51-轴孔；52-滚珠；53-曲面滑道；6-电动机；61-传动轴；7-驱鱼系统；71-驱动装置；72-卷筒；73-驱鱼网；74-网兜；75-控制系统；8-回收索道；81-驱动轮；82-缆绳；83-握索器；84-伸缩杆；85-抓钩。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图1～8对本发明的技术方案作更进一步的描述。
实施例：
一种逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道，包括五个鱼道单元2、一个机械传动系统4、两个驱鱼系统7、一个控制系统75和一个回收索道8。其中，鱼道单元2由底板21、翼墙22、齿轮带23、滑槽24、滑块25、凹槽26、曲面从动件27、隔板28和滚筒排29组成。底板21为长方形，水平固定在鱼道单元2底部。鱼道两翼墙22垂直固定在鱼道底板21的左右两侧，翼墙22内侧设有齿轮带23，齿轮带23的长度与翼墙22的长度相同。翼墙22的前端设置有滑槽24、后端设置有滑块25，滑槽24形状像槽钢、底部密封、开口向外、高度低于齿轮带23且垂直固定在鱼道单元2的出口处两侧。在上游最后一个鱼道单元2出口处不设置滑槽。滑块25是一 个长方体实心块，与滑槽24组合使用，滑块25能插入滑槽24中并上下滑动。滑块25垂直固定在鱼道单元2的入口两侧，滑块25底部固定在鱼道单元2的底板21上部。曲面从动件27位于底板21下部，曲面从动件27底部横向设置有凹槽26。隔板28垂直设置在第二个、第四个鱼道单元2的底板21前后两端，并与左右两侧的翼墙22固定连接。滚筒排29分别水平固定在第三个鱼道单元2进口和出口两端以及第一个鱼道单元2的出口和第五个鱼道单元2的进口，滚筒排29底部与底板21相切，滚筒排29外圈材料采用耐磨损橡胶。机械传动系统4由五个偏心轮5、一个电动机6和一个传动轴61组成。偏心轮5为圆柱形结构，偏心轮5位于曲面从动件27正下方，并与曲面从动件27的凹槽26滑动接触，偏心轮5外表面设有曲面滑道53，曲面滑道53内安装有若干个滚珠52，偏心轮5设有轴孔51，滚珠52采用不锈钢实心球体。电动机6的转轴与传动轴61通过减速齿轮组相连，传动轴61穿过全部偏心轮5的轴孔51并与轴孔51固定连接。
驱鱼系统7由驱动装置71、卷筒72、驱鱼网73、网兜74和控制系统75组成，驱动装置71由控制系统75调控。驱动装置71包括驱动电机以及与驱动电机相连接的驱动轴和齿轮，齿轮在运动中与齿轮带23相啮合。相邻鱼道单元运行至同一高度时，相邻鱼道单元2的齿轮带23正好衔接，驱动装置71顺利通过衔接的齿轮带23。卷筒72与驱鱼网73上端相连接，卷筒72在驱动装置71的驱动下能够适时收放驱鱼网73。驱鱼网73采用高强度碳纤维柔性材料，驱鱼网73上端与卷筒72固定、下端与网兜74固定。网兜74边框材料为实心不锈钢，网兜74形状为布满小孔的簸箕形状，网兜74依靠自身重力将驱鱼网73展开，网兜74敞口端形状为长方形，网兜74敞口端底部向上仰起。控制系统75控制电动机6、驱动装置71、卷筒72、驱动轮81、伸缩杆84和抓钩85的运行状态。回收索道8由驱动轮81、缆绳82、握索器83、伸缩杆84和抓钩85组成。驱动轮81为表面设有凹槽的不锈钢圆柱，缆绳82束缚在驱动轮81的凹槽内。握索器83固定在缆绳82上，伸缩杆84能够上下伸缩，伸缩杆84上端与握索器83相连，下端与抓钩85相连，抓钩85能够自由缩放。
在本实施例中，曲面从动件27顶部为平面、底部为曲面，曲面从动 件27的顶部大小与底板21的大小相同，曲面从动件27横截面由上而下逐渐减小，曲面从动件27整体形状为底部下凹的倒立梯形台，曲面从动件27底部的曲率与偏心轮5的曲率大小相同。
在本实施例中，偏心轮5外表面设有下凹式的曲面滑道53，曲面滑道53内布设有若干个滚珠52，曲面滑道53通过滚珠52与曲面从动件27底部横向设置的凹槽26滚动接触。
在本实施例中，鱼道单元2的底板21整体的高度自上游向下游递减，相邻鱼道单元2的底板21的最大高度差值等于偏心轮5远毂半径与近毂半径的差值，相邻鱼道单元2的底板21的最小高度差值等于零。偏心轮5通过传动轴61穿过轴孔51连接，相邻偏心轮5的最高点到传动轴61的垂直距离分别为偏心轮5的远毂半径与近毂半径。
在本实施例中，滑槽24与滑块25相嵌滑动衔接，上一级鱼道单元2的滑块25嵌入下一级鱼道单元2的滑槽24中并相互滑动，相邻鱼道单元2的滚筒排29的每根滚筒均与隔板28相切并相互滚动。
一种基于上述的逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道，通过控制系统75智能执行鱼道运行过程，将鱼群逐级输送至上游，本实施例中过鱼方法包括以下步骤：
①在鱼类洄游季节，由控制系统75控制整个鱼道的运行状态，电动机6驱动传动轴61和偏心轮5转动，同时第二级鱼道单元入口两侧固定的滑块25与第一级鱼道单元出口两侧固定的滑槽24相互滑动，第二级鱼道单元入口处水平固定的滚筒排29与第一级鱼道单元出口处垂直固定在底板21上的隔板28相互滚动。当第一级鱼道单元运行到最高位时，第二级鱼道单元运行到最低位，此时两级鱼道单元底板21相齐平，水流由原来的自由跌落转变为平坡明渠水流，水流流速变小。
②在执行步骤①的同时，控制系统75控制驱鱼系统7沿着齿轮带23开始向上游运动，驱鱼网73和网兜74在鱼道单元中对洄游鱼类进行驱赶，辅助洄游性鱼类进行上溯，网兜74底部贴近底板21，在网兜74的重力作用下，驱鱼网73处于拉伸状态。当第一级鱼道单元与第二级鱼道单元底板21相齐平时，第一级鱼道单元与第二级鱼道单元内的齿轮带23也齐平，此时，驱鱼系统7中的驱动装置71两端的齿轮沿着齿轮带23由第一 级鱼道单元进入第二级鱼道单元，同时卷筒72在控制系统75的控制下开始顺时针转动使得驱鱼网73开始收缩并上移，同时驱鱼网73带动网兜74进行上移，网兜74辅助一些未成功上溯的鱼类进行洄游；当驱鱼网73和网兜74进入第二级鱼道单元时，卷筒72在控制系统75的控制下开始逆时针旋转，驱鱼网73和网兜74下降至网兜74贴近底板21的高度。
③其他各级鱼道单元按步骤①、②的过程依次辅助鱼类进入上一级鱼道单元，直至鱼类成功上溯。
④当洄游鱼类进入最后一级鱼道单元，驱鱼系统7继续向前运行，当驱鱼系统7抵达鱼道出口处时，驱鱼系统7停止运行，同时卷筒72开始顺时针旋转，直至驱鱼网73被完全收回，当驱鱼网73被完全收回时，控制系统75控制伸缩杆84向下伸长，抓钩85抓住驱鱼系统7后，伸缩杆84开始收缩上移，控制系统75控制驱动轮81开始转动，驱动轮81带动缆绳82向下运动，缆绳82带动握索器83向下游运动，直至将驱鱼系统7输送至鱼道入口处，驱动轮81停止转动，伸缩杆84开始向下运动至合适高度，抓钩85张开，将驱鱼系统7放置初始位置。驱鱼系统7放置初始位置后，卷筒72开始逆时针旋转，开始放下驱鱼网73和网兜74，直至达到初始状态，同时，驱动轮81在控制系统75的控制下开始转动，带动缆绳82和握索器83运动，直至握索器83到达鱼道上游出口处，驱动轮81停止转动。
⑤完成上述所有步骤为一个过鱼周期，在多个驱鱼系统7的协同工作下，各级鱼道单元按照上述相应步骤逐级辅助洄游鱼类上溯。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道，包括若干个鱼道单元(2)、机械传动系统(4)、驱鱼系统(7)、控制系统(75)和回收索道(8)，其特征在于：
    所述鱼道单元(2)由底板(21)、翼墙(22)、齿轮带(23)、滑槽(24)、滑块(25)、凹槽(26)、曲面从动件(27)、隔板(28)和滚筒排(29)组成；所述底板(21)水平固定在曲面从动件(27)上方，所述翼墙(22)垂直固定在鱼道底板(21)的左右两侧，翼墙(22)内侧设有齿轮带(23)，翼墙(22)的前端设置有滑槽(24)、后端设置有滑块(25)，相邻的鱼道单元(2)的翼墙(22)之间通过滑槽(24)与滑块(25)相嵌滑动衔接；所述曲面从动件(27)位于底板(21)下部，曲面从动件(27)底部横向设置有凹槽(26)；所述隔板(28)垂直设置在偶数的鱼道单元(2)的底板(21)前后两端，并与左右两侧的翼墙(22)固定连接；所述滚筒排(29)分别水平固定在奇数的鱼道单元(2)进口和出口两端，滚筒排(29)底部与底板(21)相切；
    所述机械传动系统(4)由偏心轮(5)、电动机(6)和传动轴(61)组成；所述偏心轮(5)为圆柱形结构，偏心轮(5)位于曲面从动件(27)正下方，并与曲面从动件(27)的凹槽(26)滑动接触，偏心轮(5)外表面设有曲面滑道(53)，曲面滑道(53)内安装有若干个滚珠(52)，偏心轮(5)设有轴孔(51)；所述电动机(6)的转轴与传动轴(61)通过减速齿轮组相连，所述传动轴(61)穿过全部偏心轮(5)的轴孔(51)并与轴孔(51)固定连接；
    所述驱鱼系统(7)由驱动装置(71)、卷筒(72)、驱鱼网(73)、网兜(74)和控制系统(75)组成；所述驱动装置(71)包括驱动电机以及与驱动电机相连接的驱动轴和齿轮，齿轮与齿轮带(72)啮合连接；所述驱鱼网(73)上端与卷筒(72)固定、下端与网兜(74)固定；所述网兜(74)边框材料为实心不锈钢，网兜(74)形状为布满小孔的簸箕形状，网兜(74)依靠自身重力将驱鱼网(73)展开，网兜(74)敞口端形状为长方形，网兜(74)敞口端底部向上仰起；
    所述控制系统(75)控制电动机(6)、驱动装置(71)、卷筒(72)、驱动轮(81)、伸缩杆(84)和抓钩(85)的运行状态；
    所述回收索道(8)由驱动轮(81)、缆绳(82)、握索器(83)、伸缩杆(84)和抓钩(85)组成；所述驱动轮(81)为表面设有凹槽的不锈钢圆柱；所述缆 绳(82)束缚在驱动轮(81)的凹槽内；所述握索器(83)固定在缆绳(82)上；所述伸缩杆(84)能够上下伸缩，伸缩杆(84)上端与握索器(83)相连，下端与抓钩(85)相连；所述抓钩(85)能够自由缩放。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道，其特征在于：所述曲面从动件(27)顶部为平面、底部为曲面，曲面从动件(27)的顶部大小与底板(21)的大小相同，所述曲面从动件(27)横截面由上而下逐渐减小，曲面从动件(27)整体形状为底部下凹的倒立梯形台，曲面从动件(27)底部的曲率与偏心轮(5)的曲率大小相同。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道，其特征在于：所述偏心轮(5)外表面设有下凹式的曲面滑道(53)，所述曲面滑道(53)内布设有若干个滚珠(52)，曲面滑道(53)通过滚珠(52)与曲面从动件(27)底部横向设置的凹槽(26)滚动接触。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道，其特征在于：所述鱼道单元(2)的底板(21)整体的高度自上游向下游递减，相邻鱼道单元(2)的底板(21)的最大高度差值等于偏心轮(5)远毂半径与近毂半径的差值，相邻鱼道单元(2)的底板(21)的最小高度差值等于零。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道，其特征在于：所述偏心轮(5)通过传动轴(61)穿过轴孔(51)连接，相邻偏心轮(5)的最高点到传动轴(61)的垂直距离分别为偏心轮(5)的远毂半径与近毂半径。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道，其特征在于：所述驱动装置(71)两端装有齿轮，齿轮在运动中与齿轮带(23)相啮合；相邻鱼道单元(2)运行至同一高度时，相邻鱼道单元(2)的齿轮带(23)正好衔接，所述驱动装置(71)顺利通过衔接的齿轮带(23)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道，其特征在于：所述滑槽(24)与滑块(25)相嵌滑动衔接，上一级鱼道单元(2)的滑块(25)嵌入下一级鱼道单元(2)的滑槽(24)中并相互滑动，相邻鱼道单元(2)的滚筒排(29)的每根滚筒均与隔板(28)相切并相互滚动。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道，其特征在于：所述驱动装置(71)两端装有齿轮，齿轮在运动中与齿轮带(23)相啮合，驱动装置(71)由控制系统(75)调控；所述卷筒(72)与驱鱼网(73)上端相连接， 卷筒(72)在驱动装置(71)的驱动下能够适时收放驱鱼网(73)。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道的过鱼方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    ①在鱼类洄游季节，由控制系统(75)控制整个鱼道的运行状态，电动机(6)驱动传动轴(61)和偏心轮(5)转动，同时第二级鱼道单元入口两侧固定的滑块(25)与第一级鱼道单元出口两侧固定的滑槽(24)相互滑动，第二级鱼道单元入口处水平固定的滚筒排(29)与第一级鱼道单元出口处垂直固定在底板(21)上的隔板(28)相互滚动；滑块(25)与滑槽(24)滑动，滚筒排(29)与隔板(28)滚动，不仅能够减少摩擦，还能够防止两级鱼道之间漏水；当第一级鱼道单元运行到最高位时，第二级鱼道单元运行到最低位，此时两级鱼道单元底板(21)相齐平，水流由原来的自由跌落转变为平坡明渠水流，水流流速变小；
    ②在执行步骤①的同时，控制系统(75)控制驱鱼系统(7)沿着齿轮带(23)开始向上游运动，驱鱼网(73)和网兜(74)在鱼道单元中对洄游鱼类进行驱赶，辅助洄游性鱼类进行上溯，网兜(74)底部贴近底板(21)，在网兜(74)的重量作用下，驱鱼网(73)处于拉伸状态；当第一级鱼道单元与第二级鱼道单元底板(21)相齐平时，第一级鱼道单元与第二级鱼道单元内的齿轮带(23)也齐平，此时，驱鱼系统(7)中的驱动装置(71)两端的齿轮沿着齿轮带(23)由第一级鱼道单元进入第二级鱼道单元，同时卷筒(72)在控制系统(75)的控制下开始顺时针转动使得驱鱼网(73)开始收缩并上移，同时驱鱼网(73)带动网兜(74)进行上移，网兜(74)辅助一些未成功上溯的鱼类进行洄游；当驱鱼网(73)和网兜(74)进入第二级鱼道单元时，卷筒(72)在控制系统(75)的控制下开始逆时针旋转，驱鱼网(73)和网兜(74)下降至网兜(74)贴近底板(21)的高度；
    ③其他各级鱼道单元按步骤①、②的过程依次辅助鱼类进入上一级鱼道单元，直至鱼类成功上溯；
    ④当洄游鱼类进入最后一级鱼道单元，驱鱼系统(7)继续向前运行，当驱鱼系统(7)抵达鱼道出口处时，驱鱼系统(7)停止运行，同时卷筒(72)开始顺时针旋转，直至驱鱼网(73)被完全收回，当驱鱼网(73)被完全收回时，控制系统(75)控制伸缩杆(84)向下伸长，抓钩(85)抓住驱鱼系统(7) 后，伸缩杆(84)开始收缩上移，控制系统(75)控制驱动轮(81)开始转动，驱动轮(81)带动缆绳(82)向下运动，缆绳(82)带动握索器(83)向下游运动，直至将驱鱼系统(7)输送至鱼道入口处，驱动轮(81)停止转动，伸缩杆(84)开始向下运动至合适高度，抓钩(85)张开，将驱鱼系统(7)放置初始位置；驱鱼系统(7)放置初始位置后，卷筒(72)开始逆时针旋转，开始放下驱鱼网(73)和网兜(74)，直至达到初始状态，同时，驱动轮(81)在控制系统(75)的控制下开始转动，带动缆绳(82)和握索器(83)运动，直至握索器(83)到达鱼道上游出口处，驱动轮(81)停止转动；
    ⑤完成上述所有步骤为一个过鱼周期；在多个驱鱼系统(7)的协同工作下，各级鱼道单元按照上述相应步骤逐级辅助洄游鱼类上溯。
PCT/CN2023/080117 2022-03-07 2023-03-07 逐级成对上下往复组合式鱼道及过鱼方法 WO2023169428A1 (zh)

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