WO2023168922A1 - 子宫模型、宫腔镜手术训练模型及其制作方法 - Google Patents

子宫模型、宫腔镜手术训练模型及其制作方法 Download PDF

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WO2023168922A1
WO2023168922A1 PCT/CN2022/118038 CN2022118038W WO2023168922A1 WO 2023168922 A1 WO2023168922 A1 WO 2023168922A1 CN 2022118038 W CN2022118038 W CN 2022118038W WO 2023168922 A1 WO2023168922 A1 WO 2023168922A1
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model
uterine
hysteroscopic
training
uterus
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PCT/CN2022/118038
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吴海坤
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北京博医时代医疗科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023168922A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023168922A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/30—Anatomical models
    • G09B23/306—Anatomical models comprising real biological tissue
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of medical technology, and in particular to a uterus model, a hysteroscopic surgery training model and a production method thereof.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a uterus model that is easy to obtain, has low cost and is close to the texture of a real uterus.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a hysteroscopic myomectomy training model.
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide a method for making a hysteroscopic myomectomy training model.
  • the fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method for making a training model for hysteroscopic endometrial ablation.
  • the fifth object of the present invention is to provide a training model for hysteroscopic endometrial ablation.
  • the sixth object of the present invention is to provide a training model for hysteroscopic uterine adhesions separation.
  • the present invention provides a uterine model, which includes a uterine cavity model and a mammalian intestine.
  • the cervix of the uterine cavity model and the mammalian intestine are connected and fixed; the uterine cavity model is a mammalian bladder, so The bladder neck of the bladder is used as the cervix of the uterine cavity model; or, the uterine cavity model is the uterine body, the cervical end of the uterine body is used as the cervix of the uterine cavity model, and the other end is ligated as the uterine fundus of the uterine cavity model.
  • the mammals include pigs, cattle, sheep or donkeys.
  • the length of the uterine body is 10-15cm, and the length of the intestinal tube is 5-8cm; preferably, the connection and fixation method includes suturing or gluing.
  • the present invention provides a hysteroscopic myomectomy training model, which includes a uterine model and a uterine fibroid model; the uterine fibroid model is fixed between the inner wall and the outer wall of the uterine model.
  • the uterine fibroid model includes chicken gizzards; preferably, the chicken gizzards are stained with red dye; preferably, the diameter of the uterine fibroid model is 1.5-2.5cm.
  • the present invention provides a method for making a hysteroscopic uterine myomectomy training model, which includes the following steps: incise the outer wall of the uterine model, insert the uterine fibroid model, close the incision, and produce a hysteroscope.
  • Myomectomy training model includes the following steps: incise the outer wall of the uterine model, insert the uterine fibroid model, close the incision, and produce a hysteroscope.
  • the present invention provides a method for making a hysteroscopic endometrial ablation training model, which includes the following steps: cutting the inside of the uterine cavity of the uterus model, destroying the surface layer, forming flocculent tissue, and producing a uterine cavity. Endometrial ablation training model.
  • the present invention provides a hysteroscopic endometrial ablation training model.
  • the present invention provides a hysteroscopic uterine adhesion separation training model, including a hysteroscopic endometrial removal training model and meat strips; both ends of the meat strips are fixed in the hysteroscopic uterus.
  • the meat strips are cut from the uterus; the number of the meat strips is 1-5; the length of the meat strips is 4-5cm, and the width is 0.1-0.5cm.
  • the uterine model provided by the present invention includes a uterine cavity model and a mammalian intestinal tube.
  • the cervix of the uterine cavity model and the mammalian intestinal tube are connected and fixed.
  • Animal bladders or uterine bodies are used as uterine cavity models.
  • Mammalian intestines are easy to evert and are used to simulate the vagina, which is conducive to the construction of uterine lesions.
  • This model uses real isolated animal organs as raw materials to completely simulate the uterine structure and can smoothly
  • the hysteroscope body is inserted into the uterine cavity through the cervical canal and internal cervical os. The field of view is clear and can be used as a basic model for hysteroscopic surgery training model.
  • the hysteroscopic myomectomy training model, the hysteroscopic endometrial removal training model and the hysteroscopic intrauterine adhesion separation training model provided by the present invention can truly simulate actual lesions and fully ensure the tactility and accuracy of the training operations. Strong feedback allows doctors to get real and convenient skills training to improve surgical skills; at the same time, it simplifies the training environment and saves space, cost, labor and other investment; it is helpful to standardize different cutting methods and electrocoagulation hemostasis operation skills, and become familiar with the uterine cavity Microscope equipment, instruments and methods of use of uterine expansion media to improve cutting operation techniques.
  • the method for making the hysteroscopic myomectomy training model and the hysteroscopic endometrial ablation training model provided by the invention is simple, fast, easy to obtain materials, and low in cost.
  • Figure 1 is a hysteroscopic myomectomy training model provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a hysteroscopic exploration diagram of the hysteroscopic endometrial ablation training model provided in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a hysteroscopic exploration diagram of the hysteroscopic uterine adhesion separation training model provided in Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • Example 1 A uterus model includes a pig uterus and a pig intestine.
  • the cervical end of the pig uterus is sutured and fixed with the pig intestine, and the other end is sutured and ligated.
  • the length of the pig uterus is 12cm, and the length of the pig intestine is 6cm.
  • Example 2 A uterine model includes a pig bladder and a pig intestine.
  • the bladder neck of the pig bladder and the pig intestine are sutured and fixed.
  • the length of the pig bladder is 15cm (the distance between the bladder tip and the bladder neck) and the width is 8cm.
  • the pig intestine is Length is 8cm.
  • Example 3 A uterus model includes a donkey uterus and a sheep intestine. The cervical end of the donkey uterus and the sheep intestine are glued and fixed, and the other end is sutured and ligated. The length of the donkey uterus is 10cm and the length of the sheep intestine is 5cm.
  • Embodiment 4 A hysteroscopic myomectomy training model, as shown in Figure 1, includes the uterus model and uterine fibroid model of Embodiment 1, and the uterine fibroid model is fixed between the inner wall and the outer wall of the uterine model,
  • the uterine fibroid model is a chicken gizzard with a diameter of 1.5-2.5cm that has been cut and treated with red dye.
  • the method of making the model includes: preparing chicken gizzards, trimming them into spherical fibroids with a diameter of 1.5-2.5cm, and soaking them with red dye. Make an incision (about 1 cm) 3cm away from the bottom of the uterine body, keep the innermost layer of film, place the prepared fibroids into the incision, perform continuous sutures at the incision, and close the incision so that the fibroids will not fall off.
  • the end of the uterine body where the fibroid is placed is the bottom of the uterus. Place the fibroid on the left and right sides of the uterus in the same way and suture it to prevent it from falling off. Place the fibroid on the top of the uterus in the same way and suture it to prevent it from falling off. Make A training model for hysteroscopic myomectomy was obtained.
  • Embodiment 5 A hysteroscopic myomectomy training model, including the uterus model of Embodiment 2 and a uterine fibroid model.
  • the uterine fibroid model is fixed between the inner wall and the outer wall of the uterine model.
  • the uterine fibroid model is Cut and red dye treated chicken gizzards with a diameter of 1.5-2.5cm.
  • the method of making the model includes: preparing chicken gizzards, trimming them into spherical fibroids with a diameter of 1.5-2.5cm, and soaking them with red dye.
  • Incision 1 Make a small 1 cm incision at the bottom of the pig bladder 2 cm away from the bladder neck. Use blunt dissection and sharp dissection to open the muscle layer and retain a thin layer of intima on the inside. The intima is not cut through.
  • Incision 2 Make a 1 cm small incision on the left wall of the pig bladder 4 cm away from the bladder neck. Use blunt dissection and sharp dissection to open the muscle layer and retain a thin inner membrane. , leaving the intima intact.
  • Incision 3 Make a 1 cm small incision on the right side wall of the pig bladder at a distance of 6 cm from the bladder neck. Use blunt dissection and sharp dissection to open the muscle layer and retain a thin intima on the inside. , leaving the intima intact.
  • Incision 4 Make a small 1 cm incision on the top of the pig bladder at a distance of 8-15 cm from the bladder neck. Use blunt dissection and sharp dissection to open the muscle layer and retain a thin inner layer. membrane, leaving the intima intact.
  • the prepared fibroids are placed into each incision, and continuous sutures are performed in the incisions to prevent them from falling off and suture until they are watertight, and a hysteroscopic myomectomy training model is produced.
  • Example 6 A hysteroscopic endometrial ablation training model.
  • the production method of the model is as follows: use a scalpel to cut multiple times in the horizontal and vertical directions inside the lumen of the uterine model in Example 1 to destroy the smooth surface layer. , forming flocculent tissue, and a hysteroscopic endometrial ablation training model was produced.
  • the hysteroscopic exploration picture of this model is shown in Figure 2.
  • Example 7 A hysteroscopic uterine adhesion separation training model, including the hysteroscopic endometrial ablation training model of Example 5 and three meat strips with a length of 4-5cm and a width of 0.2-0.4cm, Both ends of the meat strip were sutured and fixed inside the uterine cavity of the hysteroscopic endometrial ablation training model.
  • the method of making the model includes: cutting the pig uterus into a small strip of 4-5cm in length and 0.2-0.4cm in width, and fixing the two ends at 5cm, 8cm, and 12cm from the fundus of the uterus using simple interrupted sutures.
  • the hysteroscopic exploration picture of this model is shown in Figure 3.
  • the present invention provides a uterine model, which includes a uterine cavity model and a mammalian intestine.
  • the cervix of the uterine cavity model and the mammalian intestine are connected and fixed; the uterine cavity model is a mammalian bladder, so The bladder neck of the bladder is used as the cervix of the uterine cavity model; or, the uterine cavity model is the uterine body, the cervical end of the uterine body is used as the cervix of the uterine cavity model, and the other end is ligated as the uterine fundus of the uterine cavity model.
  • the uterine body in the present invention is derived from mammals, but the structure of the uterus of mammals is greatly different from that of human uterus.
  • the pig uterus is bifurcated (bicornuate uterus), and the use of hysteroscope requires perfusion. Therefore, it takes a long time to pump the entire pig uterus and the effect is not good; in addition, there are concave and convex round pillows in the pig uterus, and there are many bifurcations, and there is not enough space to insert the electrosurgical equipment. Therefore, the present invention intercepts the uterine body of mammals. , which is used as a uterine cavity model after processing.
  • the vagina of mammals is narrow, and it is difficult to construct a lesion in the uterine cavity through the vagina without using eversion. Therefore, the present invention uses a mammalian intestine with a shape and texture similar to that of the vagina to simulate vaginal tissue.
  • the shape and texture of the mammalian bladder or uterine body are close to that of the human uterine cavity and can better simulate the human uterine cavity. Therefore, the present invention uses a mammalian bladder or uterine body that is similar to the uterus as the uterine cavity model; the mammalian intestine is easy to Eversion is beneficial to the construction of uterine lesions, so the present invention uses mammalian intestines to simulate the vagina.
  • the uterus model of the present invention uses real isolated animal organs as raw materials, completely simulates the structure of the uterus, can smoothly pass the hysteroscope body into the uterine cavity through the cervical canal and the internal cervical os, has a clear field of view, and can be used as a hysteroscope surgery training
  • the base model of the model uses real isolated animal organs as raw materials, completely simulates the structure of the uterus, can smoothly pass the hysteroscope body into the uterine cavity through the cervical canal and the internal cervical os, has a clear field of view, and can be used as a hysteroscope surgery training The base model of the model.
  • the mammals include but are not limited to pigs, cattle, sheep or donkeys, mammals whose bladder or uterine body are close to the shape and structure of the human uterine cavity, or whose intestinal tract and human vaginal tissue shape and structure are selected. Close mammals will do.
  • the length of the uterine body can be, for example, but is not limited to 10, 11cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm or 15cm. It should be noted that when the bladder is used as the uterine cavity model, the length of the uterine body Length refers to the distance from the bladder tip to the bladder neck.
  • the length of the intestinal tube may be, for example, but is not limited to 5cm, 6cm, 7cm or 8cm. Choosing the uterine body and intestinal tube within this range can produce a uterus model that is closer to the human uterus and can better simulate the uterus.
  • connection and fixation methods include but are not limited to suturing or gluing, or other methods known to those skilled in the art that can be used for connection and fixation of animal tissues.
  • the present invention provides a hysteroscopic myomectomy training model, which includes a uterine model and a uterine fibroid model; the uterine fibroid model is fixed between the inner wall and the outer wall of the uterine model.
  • the inner wall of the uterus model refers to the inner surface of the uterus model
  • the outer wall of the uterus model refers to the outer surface of the uterus model.
  • the uterine fibroid model in the present invention is used to simulate uterine fibroids, and a model similar in shape, appearance and texture to actual uterine fibroids can be used.
  • the present invention obtains a hysteroscopic uterine myomectomy training model by fixing the uterine fibroid model between the inner wall and the outer wall of the uterine model.
  • the uterine fibroid model includes chicken gizzards.
  • chicken gizzards are relatively large, and the chicken gizzards can be trimmed into spherical gizzards of appropriate size as a uterine fibroid model.
  • red dye is used to dye the chicken gizzards. Dyeing the chicken gizzards red is helpful for finding and treating fibroid lesions during surgical training.
  • the diameter of the uterine fibroid model can be, for example, but is not limited to 1.5cm, 1.7cm, 1.9cm, 2.1cm, 2.3cm or 2.5cm.
  • the size of the uterine fibroid model within this diameter range is different from the actual uterus.
  • the sizes of fibroids are similar, which is more conducive to the simulation of actual lesions.
  • the present invention provides a method for making a hysteroscopic myomectomy training model, which includes the following steps: incise the outer wall of the uterus model, insert the uterine fibroid model, and close the incision, preferably by suturing. The incision was closed, and a hysteroscopic myomectomy training model was produced.
  • the method for making a hysteroscopic myomectomy training model provided by the present invention is simple and fast, has convenient material collection and is low in cost.
  • the present invention provides a method for making a hysteroscopic endometrial ablation training model, which includes the following steps: cutting the inside of the uterine cavity of the uterus model, destroying the surface layer, forming flocculent tissue, and producing a uterine cavity. Endometrial ablation training model.
  • the "flocculated tissue” in the present invention refers to the tissue that can be formed by cutting the interior of the uterine cavity multiple times horizontally and vertically with a scalpel (each cut only destroys the inner surface layer).
  • This flocculent tissue It is similar to actual lesions (uterine walls adhere to each other, forming permanent adhesions, uterine cavity deformation and loss of symmetry), and can be used for training in hysteroscopic endometrial ablation.
  • the present invention provides a hysteroscopic endometrial ablation training model, which is produced using the above method and can be used for hysteroscopic endometrial ablation training.
  • the present invention provides a hysteroscopic intrauterine adhesion separation training model, which includes a hysteroscopic endometrial ablation training model and meat strips, and the meat strips are used to simulate intrauterine adhesions.
  • the two ends of the meat strip are fixed inside the uterine cavity of the hysteroscopic endometrial ablation training model.
  • a hysteroscopic intrauterine adhesion separation training model is produced by fixing meat strips inside the uterine cavity of the uterus model, which can be used for training of hysteroscopic intrauterine adhesion separation.
  • the meat strips are cut from the uterine body.
  • the structural texture of the mammalian uterine body and the uterine cavity adhesion tissue are closer, which is more conducive to the simulation of actual lesions.
  • the number of the meat strips is 1-5; the length of the meat strips is 4-5cm, and the width is 0.1-0.5cm.
  • the position of the meat strips fixed in the uterine cavity is not specifically limited, and can be fixed according to the position of the adhesion tissue at the actual lesion.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种子宫模型、宫腔镜手术训练模型及其制作方法，涉及医疗技术领域。本发明提供的子宫模型，包括子宫腔模型和哺乳动物的肠管，子宫腔模型的宫颈和哺乳动物的肠管连接固定，该模型以真实的离体动物器官为原料，完整模拟子宫结构，可顺利地将宫腔镜镜体通过宫颈管、宫颈内口进入宫腔，视野清晰，能够作为宫腔镜手术训练模型的基础模型。本发明提供的宫腔镜手术训练模型，能够真实的模拟实际病灶，充分保证训练操作触感和力度的反馈，使医生得到真实、便利的技能训练，提升手术技能；同时简化训练环境，节省场地、成本、人工等投入；有利于规范不同切割方法及电凝止血的操作的技巧，熟悉宫腔镜设备、器械以及膨宫介质使用方法。

Description

子宫模型、宫腔镜手术训练模型及其制作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗技术领域，尤其是涉及一种子宫模型、宫腔镜手术训练模型及其制作方法。
 背景技术
在一个历史阶段中，妇科医生大多采用在病人身上训练技能的教学模式，但同时带来了巨大的行医风险；为避免这类风险又能掌握手术技能，各种非人体的技能训练应运而生。
目前的手术训练医生只能使用市场采购的单个动物器官训练，没有毗邻器官和血管血液，无法保证仿真的手术环境；或采用动物活体手术的方式，需要非常专业化的训练场地，场地、成本、人工等成本高，导致医生很难有训练机会；采用活体动物手术时不同科室的人员需要排队在动物不同的器官上练习，浪费时间。另有使用3D动画和力反馈系统构成的虚拟模拟器，还有使用塑料、硅胶等制品作为训练模块的简单模拟箱，然而，画面和力反馈与真实手术差距较大。
有鉴于此，特提出本发明。
 技术问题
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种子宫模型，该模型取材方便，成本低，与真实子宫的质感接近。
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型。
本发明的第三目的在于提供一种宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型的制作方法。
本发明的第四目的在于提供一种宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型的制作方法。
本发明的第五目的在于提供一种宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型。
本发明的第六目的在于提供一种宫腔镜宫腔粘连分离术训练模型。
 技术解决方案
第一方面，本发明提供了一种子宫模型，包括子宫腔模型和哺乳动物的肠管，所述子宫腔模型的宫颈和哺乳动物的肠管连接固定；所述子宫腔模型为哺乳动物的膀胱，所述膀胱的膀胱颈作为子宫腔模型的宫颈；或，所述子宫腔模型为子宫体，所述子宫体的宫颈端作为子宫腔模型的宫颈，另一端结扎作为子宫腔模型的宫底。
作为进一步技术方案，所述哺乳动物包括猪、牛、羊或驴。
作为进一步技术方案，所述子宫体的长度为10-15cm，所述肠管的长度为5-8cm；优选地，所述连接固定的方式包括缝合或者胶粘。
第二方面，本发明提供了一种宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型，包括子宫模型和子宫肌瘤模型；所述子宫肌瘤模型固定在子宫模型的内壁和外壁之间。
作为进一步技术方案，所述子宫肌瘤模型包括鸡胗；优选地，采用红色染料对鸡胗进行染色；优选地，所述子宫肌瘤模型的直径为1.5-2.5cm。
第三方面，本发明提供了一种宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型的制作方法，包括如下步骤：切开子宫模型的外壁，置入子宫肌瘤模型，闭合切口，制作得到宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型。
第四方面，本发明提供了一种宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型的制作方法，包括以下步骤：将子宫模型的子宫腔内部划割，破坏表层，形成絮状组织，制作得到宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型。
第五方面，本发明提供了一种宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型。
第六方面，本发明提供了一种宫腔镜宫腔粘连分离术训练模型，包括宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型和肉条；所述肉条的两端固定在宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型的子宫腔内部。
作为进一步技术方案，所述肉条由子宫体裁剪得到；所述肉条的数量为1-5个；所述肉条的长度为4-5cm，宽度为0.1-0.5cm。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：本发明提供的子宫模型，包括子宫腔模型和哺乳动物的肠管，子宫腔模型的宫颈和哺乳动物的肠管连接固定，采用与子宫相近的哺乳动物膀胱或者子宫体作为子宫腔模型，哺乳动物的肠管易于外翻，用于模拟阴道，有利于子宫病灶的构建，该模型以真实的离体动物器官为原料，完整模拟子宫结构，可顺利地将宫腔镜镜体通过宫颈管、宫颈内口进入宫腔，视野清晰，能够作为宫腔镜手术训练模型的基础模型。
本发明提供的宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型、宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型和宫腔镜宫腔粘连分离术训练模型，能够真实的模拟实际病灶，充分保证训练操作触感和力度的反馈，使医生得到真实、便利的技能训练，提升手术技能；同时简化训练环境，节省场地、成本、人工等投入；有利于规范不同切割方法及电凝止血的操作的技巧，熟悉宫腔镜设备、器械以及膨宫介质使用方法，提高切割的操作手法。
本发明提供的宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型和宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型的制作方法，简单快捷，取材方便，成本低。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例4提供的宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型。
图2为本发明实施例6提供的宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型的宫腔镜探查图。
图3为本发明实施例7提供的宫腔镜宫腔粘连分离术训练模型的宫腔镜探查图。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例和对比例进一步说明本发明，但是，应当理解为，这些实施例仅仅是用于更详细地说明之用，而不应理解为用于以任何形式限制本发明。
实施例1  一种子宫模型，包括猪子宫体和猪肠管，猪子宫体的宫颈端与猪肠管缝合连接固定，另一端缝合结扎，猪子宫体的长度为12cm，猪肠管的长度为6cm。
实施例2  一种子宫模型，包括猪膀胱和猪肠管，猪膀胱的膀胱颈与猪肠管缝合连接固定，猪膀胱的长度为15cm（膀胱尖和膀胱颈的距离），宽度为8cm，猪肠管的长度为8cm。
实施例3  一种子宫模型，包括驴子宫体和羊肠管，驴子宫体的宫颈端与羊肠管胶粘连接固定，另一端缝合结扎，驴子宫体的长度为10cm，羊肠管的长度为5cm。
实施例4  一种宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型，如图1所示，包括实施例1的子宫模型和子宫肌瘤模型，子宫肌瘤模型固定在子宫模型的内壁和外壁之间，子宫肌瘤模型为经过裁剪和红色染料处理的直径为1.5-2.5cm的鸡胗。
该模型的制作方法包括：准备鸡胗将其修剪为直径为1.5-2.5cm的球形肌瘤，并且用红色染液浸透。在距离子宫体底3cm做一切口(1厘米左右),保留最里一层薄膜，将准备好的肌瘤置入切口内，在切口处进行连续缝合，闭合切口，使其肌瘤不脱落。以上面置入肌瘤端为子宫体底部，在子宫体左侧和右侧以相同的方式置入肌瘤并缝合防止脱落；在子宫体顶部相同的方式置入肌瘤并缝合防止脱落，制作得到宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型。
实施例5  一种宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型，包括实施例2的子宫模型和子宫肌瘤模型，子宫肌瘤模型固定在子宫模型的内壁和外壁之间，子宫肌瘤模型为经过裁剪和红色染料处理的直径为1.5-2.5cm的鸡胗。
该模型的制作方法包括：准备鸡胗将其修剪为直径为1.5-2.5cm的球形肌瘤，并且用红色染液浸透。
切口一：在距离膀胱颈2厘米处，在猪膀胱底部做一1厘米的小切口，使用钝性分离和锐性分离的方式打开肌层，并保留里侧一层薄薄的内膜，保留内膜不切透。
切口二：在距离膀胱颈4厘米处，在猪膀胱左侧壁做一1厘米的小切口，使用钝性分离和锐性分离的方式打开肌层，并保留里侧一层薄薄的内膜，保留内膜不切透。
切口三：在距离膀胱颈6厘米处，在猪膀胱右侧壁做一1厘米的小切口，使用钝性分离和锐性分离的方式打开肌层，并保留里侧一层薄薄的内膜，保留内膜不切透。
切口四：在距离膀胱颈8-15厘米处，在猪膀胱顶部部做一1厘米的小切口，使用钝性分离和锐性分离的方式打开肌层，并保留里侧一层薄薄的内膜，保留内膜不切透。
将准备好的肌瘤置入各切口内，在切口内进行连续缝合，防止脱落且缝合至不漏水为宜，制作得到宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型。
实施例6  一种宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型，该模型的制作方法如下：在实施例1子宫模型的管腔内部用手术刀在横竖方向进行多次划割，把光滑的表层破坏，形成絮状组织，制作得到宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型。该模型的宫腔镜探查图如图2所示。
实施例7   一种宫腔镜宫腔粘连分离术训练模型，包括实施例5的宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型和3个长度为4-5cm，宽度为0.2-0.4cm的肉条，肉条两端缝合固定在宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型的子宫腔内部。
该模型的制作方法包括：将猪子宫体裁为4-5cm长度、0.2-0.4cm宽度的小条，两端用单纯间断缝合的方式分别固定在距离子宫底的5cm、8cm、12cm处。该模型的宫腔镜探查图如图3所示。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合实施方式和实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施方式和实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限制本发明的范围。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
第一方面，本发明提供了一种子宫模型，包括子宫腔模型和哺乳动物的肠管，所述子宫腔模型的宫颈和哺乳动物的肠管连接固定；所述子宫腔模型为哺乳动物的膀胱，所述膀胱的膀胱颈作为子宫腔模型的宫颈；或，所述子宫腔模型为子宫体，所述子宫体的宫颈端作为子宫腔模型的宫颈，另一端结扎作为子宫腔模型的宫底。
需要说明的是，本发明中子宫体来源于哺乳动物，但是哺乳动物的子宫与人子宫结构存在较大差异，例如猪子宫是分叉的(为双角子宫)，使用宫腔镜需要进行灌注打水，所以整个猪子宫进行打水时间长效果不佳；另外猪子宫里面有凹凸的圆枕，分叉处非常多，没有足够的空间插入电切设备，因此本发明截取哺乳动物的子宫体，经加工后作为子宫腔模型。哺乳动物的阴道狭窄，不利用外翻，很难通过阴道在子宫腔中构建病灶，因此本发明采用形状及质感与阴道类似的哺乳动物肠道模拟阴道组织。
哺乳动物的膀胱或者子宫体与人子宫腔的形状及质感接近，能够更好的模拟人子宫腔，因此本发明采用与子宫相近的哺乳动物膀胱或者子宫体作为子宫腔模型；哺乳动物的肠管易于外翻，有利于子宫病灶的构建，因此本发明采用哺乳动物的肠管模拟阴道。本发明的子宫模型以真实的离体动物器官为原料，完整模拟子宫结构，可顺利地将宫腔镜镜体通过宫颈管、宫颈内口进入宫腔，视野清晰，能够作为宫腔镜手术训练模型的基础模型。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述哺乳动物包括但不限于猪、牛、羊或驴，选择膀胱或者子宫体与人子宫腔形状结构接近的哺乳动物、或者选择肠道与人阴道组织形状结构接近的哺乳动物即可。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述子宫体的长度例如可以为，但不限于10、11cm、12cm、13cm、14cm或15cm，需要说明的是，当以膀胱作为子宫腔模型时，子宫体的长度是指膀胱尖至膀胱颈的距离。
所述肠管的长度例如可以为，但不限于5cm、6cm、7cm或8cm。选择此范围内的子宫体和肠管制作得到子宫模型与人子宫更加接近，能够更好的模拟子宫。
优选地，所述连接固定的方式包括但不限于缝合或者胶粘，或者本领域技术人员所熟知的其他能够用于动物组织连接固定的方式。
第二方面，本发明提供了一种宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型，包括子宫模型和子宫肌瘤模型；所述子宫肌瘤模型固定在子宫模型的内壁和外壁之间。
需要说明的是，本发明中子宫模型的内壁是指子宫模型的内表面，子宫模型的外壁是指子宫模型的外表面。本发明中子宫肌瘤模型用于模拟子宫肌瘤，采用与实际子宫肌瘤形状、外形、质感相似的模型即可。
本发明在子宫模型的基础上，通过在子宫模型的内壁和外壁之间固定子宫肌瘤模型得到宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述子宫肌瘤模型包括鸡胗，一般地，鸡胗较大，可以将鸡胗修剪成大小合适的球形鸡胗作为子宫肌瘤模型。
优选地，采用红色染料对鸡胗进行染色，将鸡胗染成红色有利于手术训练过程中对肌瘤病灶的寻找和处理。
优选地，所述子宫肌瘤模型的直径例如可以为，但不限于1.5cm、1.7cm、1.9cm、2.1cm、2.3cm或2.5cm，此直径范围内的子宫肌瘤模型的大小与实际子宫肌瘤的大小相似，更有利于实际病灶的模拟。
第三方面，本发明提供了一种宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型的制作方法，包括如下步骤：切开子宫模型的外壁，置入子宫肌瘤模型，闭合切口，优选采用缝合的方式闭合切口，制作得到宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型。
本发明提供的宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型的制作方法，简单快捷，取材方便，成本低。
第四方面，本发明提供了一种宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型的制作方法，包括以下步骤：将子宫模型的子宫腔内部划割，破坏表层，形成絮状组织，制作得到宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型。
需要说明的是，本发明中“絮状组织”是指可以通过手术刀在子宫腔内部范围横竖进行多次划割（每次划割仅破坏内表层）后形成的组织，该絮状组组与实际的病灶（子宫壁互相粘着，形成永久性的粘连，子宫腔变形和对称性消失）相近，能够用于宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术的训练。
第五方面，本发明提供了一种宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型，该模型采用上述方法制作得到，能够用于宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术的训练。
第六方面，本发明提供了一种宫腔镜宫腔粘连分离术训练模型，包括宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型和肉条，肉条用于模拟宫腔粘连。
所述肉条的两端固定在宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型的子宫腔内部。
本发明中通过在子宫模型的宫腔内部固定肉条，制作得到宫腔镜宫腔粘连分离术训练模型，能够用于宫腔镜宫腔粘连分离术的训练。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述肉条由子宫体裁剪得到，哺乳动物的子宫体与宫腔粘连组织的结构质感更加接近，更有利于实际病灶的模拟。
所述肉条的数量为1-5个；所述肉条的长度为4-5cm，宽度为0.1-0.5cm。
本发明中，肉条固定在子宫腔中的位置不做具体限制，可以根据实际病灶处粘连组织的位置进行固定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种子宫模型，其特征在于，包括子宫腔模型和哺乳动物的肠管，所述子宫腔模型的宫颈和哺乳动物的肠管连接固定；
    所述子宫腔模型为哺乳动物的膀胱，所述膀胱的膀胱颈作为子宫腔模型的宫颈；或，
    所述子宫腔模型为子宫体，所述子宫体的宫颈端作为子宫腔模型的宫颈，另一端结扎作为子宫腔模型的宫底。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的子宫模型，其特征在于，所述哺乳动物包括猪、牛、羊或驴。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的子宫模型，其特征在于，所述子宫体的长度为10-15cm，所述肠管的长度为5-8cm；
    优选地，所述连接固定的方式包括缝合或者胶粘。
  4. 一种宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-3任一项所述的子宫模型和子宫肌瘤模型；
    所述子宫肌瘤模型固定在子宫模型的内壁和外壁之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型，其特征在于，所述子宫肌瘤模型包括鸡胗；
    优选地，采用红色染料对鸡胗进行染色；
    优选地，所述子宫肌瘤模型的直径为1.5-2.5cm。
  6. 权利要求4或5所述的宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型的制作方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：切开子宫模型的外壁，置入子宫肌瘤模型，闭合切口，制作得到宫腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术训练模型。
  7. 一种宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型的制作方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：将权利要求1-3任一项所述子宫模型的子宫腔内部划割，破坏表层，形成絮状组织，制作得到宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型。
  8. 一种宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型，其特征在于，采用权利要求7所述的制作方法制作得到。
  9. 一种宫腔镜宫腔粘连分离术训练模型，其特征在于，包括权利要求8所述宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型和肉条；
    所述肉条的两端固定在宫腔镜子宫内膜去除术训练模型的子宫腔内部。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的宫腔镜宫腔粘连分离术训练模型，其特征在于，所述肉条由子宫体裁剪得到；
    所述肉条的数量为1-5个；
    所述肉条的长度为4-5cm，宽度为0.1-0.5cm。
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