WO2023165233A1 - Fuel cell control system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Fuel cell control system and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023165233A1
WO2023165233A1 PCT/CN2022/141853 CN2022141853W WO2023165233A1 WO 2023165233 A1 WO2023165233 A1 WO 2023165233A1 CN 2022141853 W CN2022141853 W CN 2022141853W WO 2023165233 A1 WO2023165233 A1 WO 2023165233A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stack
controller
air
impedance
fuel cell
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PCT/CN2022/141853
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨磊
杨铠
张震
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上海重塑能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023165233A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023165233A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04865—Voltage
    • H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to a fuel cell control system and a control method thereof.
  • PEMFC Proton exchange membrane fuel cell
  • Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is the most common fuel cell technology for vehicles, which is mainly composed of proton exchange membrane, cathode catalyst layer, anode catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer, cathode plate and anode plate, among which the proton exchange membrane The function is to conduct protons, isolate electrons and isolate negative and anode reactants.
  • the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer are the places for electrochemical reactions.
  • the gas diffusion layer mainly determines the transmission of reaction gases and the discharge of liquid water.
  • the cathode plate and the anode plate The role of the reactant and coolant isolation.
  • the efficiency of the fuel cell is mainly determined by the operating voltage, accessory power consumption and hydrogen utilization rate, among which the operating voltage is the most influential, and the operating conditions and external environment have a significant impact on the operating voltage of the fuel cell. Due to the influence of operating conditions and the external environment The operating voltage of the fuel cell is reduced, resulting in a significant decline in the performance of the fuel cell, making it unable to work in the most efficient state.
  • the performance attenuation of fuel cells is divided into reversible attenuation and permanent attenuation. The reversible attenuation is reversible, and its performance can be restored to the best state through appropriate measures.
  • Reversible attenuation generally includes: the ohmic impedance increases due to the dryness of the proton exchange membrane , Insufficient gas supply or too low operating temperature lead to poor drainage inside the fuel cell stack, resulting in water flooding, attenuation of cathode catalyst activity, such as Pt oxidation, recoverable catalyst pollution, etc.
  • Chinese patent CN104409752A discloses an equivalent circuit group and an evaluation method for evaluating the surface catalytic activity of fuel cell anode catalysts. This patent introduces a model method for diagnosing fuel cell anode catalyst poisoning, and does not provide corresponding solutions used in actual system control.
  • Chinese patent CN108390088A discloses a fuel cell system. This patent can only diagnose the membrane is too dry, but cannot diagnose the water flooding and the active state of the cathode catalyst, and it needs to be carried out under the condition of insufficient oxidant. Misjudgment phenomenon, which leads to wrong control strategy, and the diagnosis process needs to enter a special working condition, which affects the normal operation of the vehicle.
  • Chinese patent CN113161586A discloses a fuel cell system operation control method and control system
  • Chinese patent CN113782778A discloses a stack water management method and device based on constant frequency impedance and gas pressure drop. These two patents can only diagnose membrane The problem of overdrying and flooding does not consider the problem of cathode catalyst activity. It is only used for water management of fuel cells and cannot be used to improve the economy of fuel cells.
  • Chinese patent CN112684345B discloses a health control method for proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on active fault-tolerant control. Since the water flooding described in this patent is anode water flooding, and air starvation is a cathode water flooding problem, this patent can only diagnose membrane dryness and The problem of water flooding cannot diagnose the problem of cathode catalyst activity. Therefore, when the cathode catalyst activity decreases, it is impossible to make a correct diagnosis, and it is impossible to restore the voltage of the stack through the correct method.
  • the invention provides a fuel cell control system and a control method thereof, which can improve the economical efficiency of the fuel cell on-line, so that the fuel cell can operate in a state of better economical efficiency.
  • a fuel cell control system comprising an electric stack and a controller
  • the electric stack is connected with a DCDC converter for measuring the voltage of the electric stack
  • the DCDC converter is connected with the input end of the controller
  • the controller The output end is connected to the DCDC converter
  • the voltage of the electric stack is lower than the lower limit value
  • the controller is used to control the DCDC converter to apply an excitation current to the electric stack, and obtain the impedance of the electric stack
  • the electric stack is also connected with a cooling component and an air component
  • the output terminal of the controller is connected with the cooling component and the air component, and is used for regulating the voltage of the electric stack to a normal operation mode.
  • the controller is used to control the DCDC converter to apply excitation currents of different frequencies to the electric stack and obtain the real part and the imaginary part of the electric stack impedance at different frequencies, so as to obtain the electric stack electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and then obtain the equivalent circuit diagram of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the controller is used to obtain the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer of the electric stack through the fitting of the equivalent circuit diagram impedance R mt , and the controller is used to adjust the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ohmic resistance R ohm , the charge transfer resistance R ct and the mass transfer resistance R mt , and regulate the voltage of the electric stack to normal operating mode.
  • the controller is used to respectively compare the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt with the ohmic impedance R ohm-normal, R ohm-normal, Compare the charge transfer impedance R ct-normal with the mass transfer impedance R mt-normal , and obtain the difference ⁇ R ohm of the ohmic impedance, the difference ⁇ R ct of the charge transfer impedance and the difference ⁇ R mt of the mass transfer impedance, respectively, and then obtain ⁇ R The maximum value ⁇ R max among ohm , ⁇ R ct and ⁇ R mt , the controller is used to adjust the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ⁇ R max , and regulate the voltage of the electric stack to a normal operation mode.
  • the heat dissipation assembly includes a closed-loop coolant pipeline connected to the electric stack, and the coolant pipeline outside the electric stack is provided with a cooling water pump and a cooling fan in sequence according to the flow direction of the coolant, so The output end of the controller is connected with the cooling water pump and the cooling fan, and is used to adjust the speed of the cooling water pump or the cooling fan.
  • a first temperature sensor, a cooling water pump, a cooling fan, and a second temperature sensor are sequentially provided on the coolant pipeline outside the electric stack according to the flow direction of the coolant.
  • the air assembly includes an air pipeline connected to the stack cathode, an air compressor is provided on the air pipeline at the entrance of the stack cathode, and an air compressor is installed on the air pipeline at the exit of the stack cathode.
  • An air back pressure valve is provided on the air pipeline, and the output end of the controller is connected with the air compressor and the air back pressure valve, and is used to issue adjustment instructions to the air compressor and the air back pressure valve, and is used to adjust the Air flow or air pressure in the air line.
  • an air flow meter is provided on the air pipeline upstream of the air compressor, and a pressure sensor is provided on the air pipeline between the air compressor and the cathode inlet of the stack.
  • the above-mentioned control method of the fuel cell control system includes the following steps:
  • V ⁇ V limit enter the adjustment mode, the controller controls the DCDC converter to apply an excitation current to the electric stack, and obtain the impedance of the electric stack;
  • the controller adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the impedance of the electric stack, and regulates the voltage of the electric stack to a normal operation mode.
  • step S2 the controller controls the DCDC converter to apply an excitation current to the electric stack and obtain the impedance of the electric stack, specifically, the controller controls the DCDC converter to apply an excitation current to the electric stack.
  • the electric stack applies excitation currents of different frequencies and obtains the real part and imaginary part of the electric stack impedance at different frequencies to obtain the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the electric stack, and then obtain the equivalent of the electric stack electrochemical impedance spectrum an effective circuit diagram, and the controller obtains the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt of the stack by fitting the equivalent circuit diagram.
  • step S3 includes:
  • the controller adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ⁇ R max . After the adjustment operation, the controller compares the current voltage V of the electric stack with the voltage lower limit value V limit In comparison, when V>V limit , return to the normal operation mode, and when V ⁇ V limit , continue to enter the adjustment mode to perform the adjustment operation.
  • step S3-2 the controller adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ⁇ R max , specifically including:
  • the controller sends an instruction to increase the heat dissipation demand to the heat dissipation fan of the heat dissipation component, and reduces the temperature of the coolant entering the electric stack to reduce the The water loss of the stack, where ⁇ T in-limit is the lower limit value of the temperature deviation value of the coolant entering the stack stored in the controller;
  • the controller issues an instruction to increase the speed of the cooling water pump of the heat dissipation component, and reduces the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the stack to reduce the temperature of the stack. water loss;
  • the controller issues adjustment instructions to the air compressor and air back pressure valve of the air component, by reducing the air Increase the air flow in the air line of the assembly or increase the air pressure to reduce the water loss of the stack.
  • step S3-2 the controller adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ⁇ R max , specifically including:
  • the controller respectively compares the current coolant temperatures T in and T out entering and exiting the electric stack with the preset temperature T of coolant entering and exiting the electric stack stored in the controller in-set and T out-set are compared, and the temperature deviation values ⁇ T in and ⁇ T out of the coolant entering and flowing out of the stack are respectively obtained;
  • the controller sends an instruction to the heat dissipation fan of the heat dissipation component to reduce the heat dissipation demand, and increases the temperature of the coolant entering the electric stack to increase the temperature of the electric stack. Drainage capacity of the heap;
  • the controller issues an instruction to reduce the rotation speed of the cooling water pump of the heat dissipation component, and strengthens the electric stack by increasing the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the electric stack drainage capacity;
  • the controller issues adjustment instructions to the air compressor and air back pressure valve of the air component, by increasing the air The air flow in the air line of the assembly or the air pressure is reduced to enhance the drainage capacity of the stack.
  • step S3-2 the controller adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ⁇ R max , specifically, the controller sends a stop command to the air compressor of the air component, and the electric Cathode under-air operation of the stack restores cathode catalyst activity.
  • the fuel cell control system of the present invention includes an electric stack and a controller, the electric stack is connected with a DCDC converter for measuring the voltage of the electric stack, the DCDC converter is connected with the input end of the controller, the output end of the controller is connected with the DCDC converter, and the electric The voltage of the stack is lower than the lower limit value.
  • the controller is used to control the DCDC converter to apply the excitation current to the stack and obtain the impedance of the stack.
  • the stack is also connected to the cooling component and the air component.
  • the components are connected to regulate the voltage of the stack to the normal operation mode; in this way, the voltage V of the stack is measured in real time through the DCDC converter and fed back to the controller, and the controller compares the voltage V with the lower limit value V of the voltage stored in the controller Limit comparison, when V ⁇ V limit , maintain the current normal operation mode, when V ⁇ V limit, enter the regulation mode, the controller controls the DCDC converter to apply excitation current to the stack, and obtains the impedance of the stack, the controller According to the impedance of the electric stack to adjust the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air assembly, the voltage of the electric stack is regulated to the normal operation mode; in this way, the present invention can adjust the voltage of the fuel cell electric stack online, and can regulate the voltage of the electric stack to the normal operation mode, so as to improve the economy of the fuel cell and make the fuel cell run in a more economical state.
  • the controller is used to control the DCDC converter to apply excitation currents of different frequencies to the stack and obtain the real and imaginary parts of the stack impedance at different frequencies, so as to obtain the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the stack, and then obtain the electrochemical
  • the equivalent circuit diagram of the impedance spectrum the controller is used to obtain the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt of the stack through the equivalent circuit diagram fitting, and the controller is used to respectively obtain the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and mass transfer resistance R mt are compared with the ohmic resistance R ohm-normal , charge transfer resistance R ct-normal and mass transfer resistance R mt-normal stored in the controller when no reversible decay occurs, and the ohm
  • the purpose of the present invention is to improve the economical efficiency of fuel cells. Since different fuel cell stacks have different recovery methods for reversible attenuation, it is necessary to distinguish these attenuation causes through appropriate online monitoring methods, and to adopt corresponding adjustment measures To make the fuel cell work in its more optimal state, thereby achieving better economics, by diagnosing the hydrogen fuel cell stack's proton exchange membrane overdrying, water flooding and cathode catalyst activity, and according to the resulting fuel cell According to the reason of performance degradation, the corresponding regulation strategy is carried out to achieve better economy.
  • Fig. 1 is a control logic diagram of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the electrochemical impedance spectrogram of the measured fuel cell stack in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the equivalent circuit diagram of electrochemical impedance spectrogram among Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram of an application example of the present invention during actual operation.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
  • a fuel cell control system includes a stack 1 and a controller 8, the stack 1 is connected to a DCDC converter 7 for measuring the voltage of the stack 1, and the DCDC converter 7 is connected to the input end of the controller 8 , the output end of the controller 8 is connected to the DCDC converter 7, and the voltage of the stack 1 is lower than the lower limit value.
  • the controller 8 is used to control the DCDC converter 7 to apply an excitation current to the stack 1, and obtain the impedance of the stack 1,
  • the electric stack 1 is also connected with a heat dissipation assembly and an air assembly, and the output terminal of the controller 8 is connected with the heat dissipation assembly and the air assembly for regulating the voltage of the electric stack 1 to a normal operating mode; thus the present invention can regulate the fuel cell electric stack 1 on-line. voltage, and can regulate the voltage of the stack 1 to the normal operation mode, thereby improving the economy of the fuel cell and making the fuel cell operate in a state of better economy.
  • the controller 8 is used to control the DCDC converter 7 to apply excitation currents of different frequencies to the stack 1 and obtain the real part and the imaginary part of the impedance of the stack 1 at different frequencies, so as to obtain the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the stack 1, Then obtain the equivalent circuit diagram of the electrochemical impedance spectrum, the controller 8 is used to obtain the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt of the stack 1 through the equivalent circuit diagram fitting, and the controller 8 is used for According to the ohmic resistance R ohm , the charge transfer resistance R ct and the mass transfer resistance R mt , the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component is adjusted, and the voltage of the stack 1 is adjusted to a normal operation mode.
  • the controller 8 is used to respectively compare the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt with the ohmic impedance R ohm-normal , the charge transfer impedance R mt stored in the controller 8 when no reversible decay occurs.
  • the cooling assembly includes a closed-loop coolant pipeline 12 connected to the electric stack 1, and the coolant pipeline 12 outside the electric stack 1 is provided with a first temperature sensor 9, a cooling water pump 2, and a heat sink in sequence according to the coolant flow direction.
  • the fan 3 and the second temperature sensor 10 the first temperature sensor 9 is used to detect the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the electric stack 1
  • the second temperature sensor 10 is used to detect the temperature of the coolant entering the electric stack 1
  • the output terminal of the controller 8 is connected with the cooling
  • the water pump 2 is connected to the cooling fan 3 for adjusting the speed of the cooling water pump 2 or the cooling fan 3 .
  • the air assembly includes an air pipeline 13 connected to the cathode of the electric stack 1, an air compressor 5 is provided on the air pipeline 13 at the cathode entrance of the electric stack 1, and an air compressor 5 is provided on the air pipeline 13 upstream of the air compressor 5.
  • a pressure sensor 11 is arranged on the air pipeline 13 between the air compressor 5 and the cathode inlet of the stack 1, and the pressure sensor 11 is used for
  • the air pipeline 13 at the cathode outlet of the stack 1 is provided with an air back pressure valve 6, and the output end of the controller 8 is connected with the air compressor 5 and the air back pressure valve 6. It is used to issue adjustment instructions to the air compressor 5 and the air back pressure valve 6, and is used to adjust the air flow or air pressure in the air pipeline 13.
  • control method of the above-mentioned fuel cell control system includes the following steps:
  • the controller 8 controls the DCDC converter 7 to apply excitation currents of different frequencies to the stack 1 and obtain the real part and imaginary part of the impedance of the stack 1 at different frequencies to obtain the current
  • the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the stack 1 and then obtain the equivalent circuit diagram of the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the stack 1, and the controller 8 obtains the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance of the stack 1 through the fitting of the equivalent circuit diagram Rmt ;
  • the controller 8 respectively compares the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt of the stack 1 with the ohmic impedance R ohm-normal and the charge transfer
  • the controller 8 sends an instruction to the heat dissipation fan 3 to increase the heat dissipation demand, and reduces the water loss of the stack 1 by reducing the temperature of the coolant entering the stack 1, where ⁇ T in-limit is the lower limit value of the temperature deviation value of the coolant entering the electric stack 1 stored in the controller 8;
  • the controller 8 issues an instruction to increase the speed of the cooling water pump 2, and reduces the water loss of the stack 1 by reducing the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the stack 1;
  • the controller 8 issues adjustment commands to the air compressor 5 and the air back pressure valve 6, by reducing the air in the air pipeline 13 Increase the flow rate or increase the air pressure to reduce the water loss of the stack 1;
  • the controller 8 respectively compares the current entering and exiting coolant temperatures T in and T out of the stack 1 with the preset coolant temperatures T in-set , T out entering and exiting the stack 1 stored in the controller 8 T out-set is compared, and the temperature deviation values ⁇ T in and ⁇ T out of the coolant entering and exiting the stack 1 are respectively obtained;
  • the controller 8 issues an instruction to the cooling fan 3 to reduce the heat dissipation demand, and enhances the drainage capacity of the stack 1 by increasing the temperature of the coolant entering the stack 1;
  • the controller 8 issues an instruction to the cooling water pump 2 to reduce the rotational speed, and enhances the drainage capacity of the stack 1 by increasing the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the stack 1;
  • the controller 8 issues adjustment commands to the air compressor 5 and the air back pressure valve 6, by increasing the air flow in the air pipeline 13 Or reduce the air pressure to enhance the drainage capacity of the stack 1;
  • the controller 8 compares the current voltage V of the stack 1 with the voltage lower limit value V limit , and when V>V limit , returns to the normal operation mode, and when V ⁇ V limit , continues to enter the adjustment mode to perform tuning operations.
  • the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technology EIS is used as a powerful electrochemical detection means to measure the AC impedance of the fuel cell stack 1 at different frequencies, and the ohmic impedance and charge transfer of the fuel cell stack 1 can be obtained through impedance spectrum fitting.
  • Impedance and mass transfer impedance ohmic impedance is composed of volume resistance of proton exchange membrane, cathode catalyst layer, anode catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer and bipolar plate and their respective contact resistance, when the internal water management of fuel cell stack 1 changes Only the resistance of the proton exchange membrane changes, so the wet and dry state of the proton exchange membrane can be monitored by monitoring the ohmic impedance, the charge transfer impedance can be used to monitor the activity of the cathode catalyst, and the mass transfer impedance can be used to monitor whether the stack 1 is wet or not. Flooding phenomenon, so electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can effectively monitor the operating status of fuel cells.
  • EIS electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
  • the present invention realizes better economy by diagnosing the proton exchange membrane overdrying, water flooding and cathode catalyst activity of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1, and carrying out corresponding control strategies according to the reasons leading to fuel cell performance decline .
  • the controller 8 detects that the current voltage V of the stack 1 is lower than the voltage lower limit value V limit , and then enters the adjustment mode, and the controller 8 sends a test signal to the DCDC converter 7 to test the electrochemical state of the stack 1.
  • DCDC converter 7 applies excitation currents of different frequencies to the stack 1 to obtain the real and imaginary parts of the impedance of the stack 1 at different frequencies, thereby obtaining the electrochemical impedance of the stack 1 as shown in Figure 3 spectrum, and then obtain the equivalent circuit diagram of the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the stack 1 as shown in Figure 4, and the controller 8 obtains the ohmic impedance R ohm and the charge transfer impedance of the stack 1 by fitting the equivalent circuit diagram as shown in Figure 4 R ct and mass transfer resistance R mt , and the controller 8 respectively compares the ohmic resistance R ohm , the charge transfer resistance R ct and the mass transfer resistance R mt of the electric stack 1 with the ohmic resistance when no reversible decay occurs stored in the controller 8 Impedance R ohm-normal , charge transfer resistance R ct-normal and mass transfer resistance R mt-normal are compared to obtain the difference of ohmic impedance

Abstract

Disclosed are a fuel cell control system and a control method thereof. The fuel cell control system comprises a stack and a controller. The stack is connected to a DCDC converter used for measuring the voltage of the stack; the DCDC converter is connected to the input end of the controller; the output end of the controller is connected to the DCDC converter; the voltage of the stack is lower than a lower limit value; the controller is used for controlling the DCDC converter to apply an excitation current to the stack and obtain the impedance of the stack; the stack is further connected to a heat dissipation assembly and an air assembly; and the output end of the controller is connected to the heat dissipation assembly and the air assembly for regulating and controlling the voltage of the stack to a normal operation mode. According to the present invention, the economy of the fuel cell can be improved online, so that the fuel cell operates in a state with better economy. Therefore, according to the present invention, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell can be effectively improved, the hydrogen consumption cost is reduced, the economy of the whole life cycle of the fuel cell is improved, and thus the product competitiveness is improved.

Description

燃料电池控制系统及其控制方法Fuel cell control system and control method thereof 技术领域technical field
本发明属于燃料电池技术领域，具体涉及一种燃料电池控制系统及其控制方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to a fuel cell control system and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)因其绿色环保、加注方便、长续航和环境适应性强等优点，近年来受到了越来越多的关注且发展迅速，氢燃料电池是一种高效的将氢气的化学能转化为电能的装置，其反应原理为氢气在阳极催化剂的作用下分解成质子和电子，质子通过质子交换膜移动至阴极，电子通过外电路发电做功并移动至阴极且在阴极催化剂的作用下与质子和氧气反应生成水。质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)是最常见的一种车用燃料电池技术，其主要由质子交换膜、阴极催化剂层、阳极催化剂层、气体扩散层、阴极板和阳极板组成，其中质子交换膜的作用为传导质子、隔绝电子和隔绝阴阳极反应物，阴极催化剂层和阳极催化剂层为电化学反应的场所，气体扩散层主要决定了反应气体的传输和液态水的排出，阴极板和阳极板的作用为隔绝反应物和冷却剂。Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has received more and more attention and developed rapidly in recent years because of its advantages of environmental protection, convenient filling, long battery life and strong environmental adaptability. Hydrogen fuel cell is an efficient future The chemical energy of hydrogen is converted into electrical energy. The reaction principle is that hydrogen is decomposed into protons and electrons under the action of the anode catalyst. The protons move to the cathode through the proton exchange membrane, and the electrons generate power through the external circuit and move to the cathode. Under the action of the reaction with protons and oxygen to form water. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is the most common fuel cell technology for vehicles, which is mainly composed of proton exchange membrane, cathode catalyst layer, anode catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer, cathode plate and anode plate, among which the proton exchange membrane The function is to conduct protons, isolate electrons and isolate negative and anode reactants. The cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer are the places for electrochemical reactions. The gas diffusion layer mainly determines the transmission of reaction gases and the discharge of liquid water. The cathode plate and the anode plate The role of the reactant and coolant isolation.
燃料电池的效率主要由工作电压、附件功耗和氢气利用率所决定，其中影响最大的为工作电压，操作条件和外界环境对燃料电池工作电压的影响十分显著，由于操作条件和外界环境的影响使燃料电池工作电压下降，导致燃料电池性能显著下降，使其无法工作在最高效的状态下。燃料电池的性能衰减分为可逆衰减和永久性衰减，其中可逆衰减是可恢复的，通过合适的措施能够使其性能恢复至最佳状态，可逆衰减一般包括：质子交换膜过干导致欧姆阻抗增加，气体供应不足或工作温度过低导致燃料电池电堆内部排水不畅从而发生水淹现象，阴极催化剂活性的衰减，例如Pt的氧化、可恢复的催化剂污染等。The efficiency of the fuel cell is mainly determined by the operating voltage, accessory power consumption and hydrogen utilization rate, among which the operating voltage is the most influential, and the operating conditions and external environment have a significant impact on the operating voltage of the fuel cell. Due to the influence of operating conditions and the external environment The operating voltage of the fuel cell is reduced, resulting in a significant decline in the performance of the fuel cell, making it unable to work in the most efficient state. The performance attenuation of fuel cells is divided into reversible attenuation and permanent attenuation. The reversible attenuation is reversible, and its performance can be restored to the best state through appropriate measures. Reversible attenuation generally includes: the ohmic impedance increases due to the dryness of the proton exchange membrane , Insufficient gas supply or too low operating temperature lead to poor drainage inside the fuel cell stack, resulting in water flooding, attenuation of cathode catalyst activity, such as Pt oxidation, recoverable catalyst pollution, etc.
中国专利CN104409752A公开了一种评测燃料电池阳极催化剂表面催化活性的等效电路组以及评测方法，该专利介绍的是一种诊断燃料电池阳极催化剂中毒问题的模型方法，且并未提供相应的解决措施用于实际的系统控制中。Chinese patent CN104409752A discloses an equivalent circuit group and an evaluation method for evaluating the surface catalytic activity of fuel cell anode catalysts. This patent introduces a model method for diagnosing fuel cell anode catalyst poisoning, and does not provide corresponding solutions used in actual system control.
中国专利CN108390088A公开了一种燃料电池系统，该专利仅能诊断膜过干，无法诊断水淹和阴极催化剂的活性状态，且需在氧化剂不足的条件下进行，因此在实际使用过程中可能会存在误判现象，从而导致错误的调控策略，且诊断过程需进入特殊工况，影响整车的正常运行。Chinese patent CN108390088A discloses a fuel cell system. This patent can only diagnose the membrane is too dry, but cannot diagnose the water flooding and the active state of the cathode catalyst, and it needs to be carried out under the condition of insufficient oxidant. Misjudgment phenomenon, which leads to wrong control strategy, and the diagnosis process needs to enter a special working condition, which affects the normal operation of the vehicle.
中国专利CN113161586A公开了一种燃料电池系统运行控制方法及控制系统，中国专利CN113782778A公开了一种基于定频阻抗和气体压降的电堆水管理调控方法及装置，这两件 专利仅能诊断膜过干和水淹问题，未考虑阴极催化剂活性的问题，仅用于燃料电池的水管理，并不能用于燃料电池经济性的提升。Chinese patent CN113161586A discloses a fuel cell system operation control method and control system, and Chinese patent CN113782778A discloses a stack water management method and device based on constant frequency impedance and gas pressure drop. These two patents can only diagnose membrane The problem of overdrying and flooding does not consider the problem of cathode catalyst activity. It is only used for water management of fuel cells and cannot be used to improve the economy of fuel cells.
中国专利CN112684345B公开了基于主动容错控制的质子交换膜燃料电池健康控制方法，由于该专利所述的水淹为阳极水淹问题，空气饥饿为阴极水淹问题，因此该专利仅能诊断膜干和水淹问题，无法诊断阴极催化剂活性的问题，因此当出现阴极催化剂活性下降时，无法做出正确的诊断，也无法通过正确的方法对电堆的电压实现恢复。Chinese patent CN112684345B discloses a health control method for proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on active fault-tolerant control. Since the water flooding described in this patent is anode water flooding, and air starvation is a cathode water flooding problem, this patent can only diagnose membrane dryness and The problem of water flooding cannot diagnose the problem of cathode catalyst activity. Therefore, when the cathode catalyst activity decreases, it is impossible to make a correct diagnosis, and it is impossible to restore the voltage of the stack through the correct method.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种燃料电池控制系统及其控制方法，能在线提升燃料电池的经济性，使燃料电池运行在经济性更优的状态下。The invention provides a fuel cell control system and a control method thereof, which can improve the economical efficiency of the fuel cell on-line, so that the fuel cell can operate in a state of better economical efficiency.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:
一种燃料电池控制系统，包括电堆和控制器，所述电堆连有用于测量所述电堆电压的DCDC变换器，所述DCDC变换器与所述控制器输入端连接，所述控制器输出端与所述DCDC变换器连接，所述电堆的电压低于下限值所述控制器用于控制所述DCDC变换器以对所述电堆施加激励电流，并获得所述电堆的阻抗，所述电堆还连有散热组件和空气组件，所述控制器输出端与所述散热组件和空气组件连接，用于调控所述电堆的电压至正常运行模式。A fuel cell control system, comprising an electric stack and a controller, the electric stack is connected with a DCDC converter for measuring the voltage of the electric stack, the DCDC converter is connected with the input end of the controller, and the controller The output end is connected to the DCDC converter, the voltage of the electric stack is lower than the lower limit value, the controller is used to control the DCDC converter to apply an excitation current to the electric stack, and obtain the impedance of the electric stack , the electric stack is also connected with a cooling component and an air component, and the output terminal of the controller is connected with the cooling component and the air component, and is used for regulating the voltage of the electric stack to a normal operation mode.
进一步地，所述控制器用于控制所述DCDC变换器以对所述电堆施加不同频率的激励电流并获得不同频率下所述电堆阻抗的实部和虚部，以获得所述电堆的电化学阻抗谱，进而获得所述电化学阻抗谱的等效电路图，所述控制器用于通过所述等效电路图拟合获得所述电堆的欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt，且所述控制器用于根据所述欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt以调节所述散热组件或空气组件的运行，并调控所述电堆的电压至正常运行模式。 Further, the controller is used to control the DCDC converter to apply excitation currents of different frequencies to the electric stack and obtain the real part and the imaginary part of the electric stack impedance at different frequencies, so as to obtain the electric stack electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and then obtain the equivalent circuit diagram of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the controller is used to obtain the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer of the electric stack through the fitting of the equivalent circuit diagram impedance R mt , and the controller is used to adjust the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ohmic resistance R ohm , the charge transfer resistance R ct and the mass transfer resistance R mt , and regulate the voltage of the electric stack to normal operating mode.
进一步地，所述控制器用于分别将所述欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt与存储在所述控制器中的未发生可逆衰减时的欧姆阻抗R ohm-normal、电荷转移阻抗R ct-normal和传质阻抗R mt-normal进行对比，并分别获得欧姆阻抗的差值ΔR ohm、电荷转移阻抗的差值ΔR ct和传质阻抗的差值ΔR mt，进而获得ΔR ohm、ΔR ct和ΔR mt中的最大值ΔR max，所述控制器用于根据所述ΔR max以调节所述散热组件或空气组件的运行，并调控所述电堆的电压至正常运行模式。 Further, the controller is used to respectively compare the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt with the ohmic impedance R ohm-normal, R ohm-normal, Compare the charge transfer impedance R ct-normal with the mass transfer impedance R mt-normal , and obtain the difference ΔR ohm of the ohmic impedance, the difference ΔR ct of the charge transfer impedance and the difference ΔR mt of the mass transfer impedance, respectively, and then obtain ΔR The maximum value ΔR max among ohm , ΔR ct and ΔR mt , the controller is used to adjust the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ΔR max , and regulate the voltage of the electric stack to a normal operation mode.
进一步地，所述散热组件包括连接在所述电堆上的闭环式冷却剂管路，处于所述电堆外侧的所述冷却剂管路上按照冷却剂流向依次设有冷却水泵和散热风扇，所述控制器输出端与 所述冷却水泵和散热风扇连接，用于调节所述冷却水泵或散热风扇的转速。Further, the heat dissipation assembly includes a closed-loop coolant pipeline connected to the electric stack, and the coolant pipeline outside the electric stack is provided with a cooling water pump and a cooling fan in sequence according to the flow direction of the coolant, so The output end of the controller is connected with the cooling water pump and the cooling fan, and is used to adjust the speed of the cooling water pump or the cooling fan.
进一步地，处于所述电堆外侧的所述冷却剂管路上按照冷却剂流向依次设有第一温度传感器、冷却水泵、散热风扇和第二温度传感器。Further, a first temperature sensor, a cooling water pump, a cooling fan, and a second temperature sensor are sequentially provided on the coolant pipeline outside the electric stack according to the flow direction of the coolant.
进一步地，所述空气组件包括连接在所述电堆阴极处的空气管路，所述电堆阴极入口处的所述空气管路上设有空压机，所述电堆阴极出口处的所述空气管路上设有空气背压阀，所述控制器输出端与所述空压机和空气背压阀连接，用于对所述空压机和空气背压阀发出调节指令，并用于调节所述空气管路内的空气流量或空气压力。Further, the air assembly includes an air pipeline connected to the stack cathode, an air compressor is provided on the air pipeline at the entrance of the stack cathode, and an air compressor is installed on the air pipeline at the exit of the stack cathode. An air back pressure valve is provided on the air pipeline, and the output end of the controller is connected with the air compressor and the air back pressure valve, and is used to issue adjustment instructions to the air compressor and the air back pressure valve, and is used to adjust the Air flow or air pressure in the air line.
进一步地，所述空压机上游处的空气管路上设有空气流量计，所述空压机与所述电堆阴极入口之间的所述空气管路上设有压力传感器。Further, an air flow meter is provided on the air pipeline upstream of the air compressor, and a pressure sensor is provided on the air pipeline between the air compressor and the cathode inlet of the stack.
上述燃料电池控制系统的控制方法，包括以下步骤：The above-mentioned control method of the fuel cell control system includes the following steps:
S1、通过所述DCDC变换器实时测量所述电堆的电压V并反馈给所述控制器，所述控制器将电压V与存储在所述控制器中的电压下限值V limit比较，当V≥V limit时，维持当前的正常运行模式； S1. Measure the voltage V of the electric stack in real time through the DCDC converter and feed it back to the controller, and the controller compares the voltage V with the voltage lower limit value V limit stored in the controller, when When V≥V limit , maintain the current normal operation mode;
S2、当V＜V limit时进入调节模式，所述控制器控制所述DCDC变换器以对所述电堆施加激励电流，并获得所述电堆的阻抗； S2. When V<V limit , enter the adjustment mode, the controller controls the DCDC converter to apply an excitation current to the electric stack, and obtain the impedance of the electric stack;
S3、所述控制器根据所述电堆的阻抗以调节所述散热组件或空气组件的运行，将所述电堆的电压调控至正常运行模式。S3. The controller adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the impedance of the electric stack, and regulates the voltage of the electric stack to a normal operation mode.
进一步地，步骤S2中：所述控制器控制所述DCDC变换器以对所述电堆施加激励电流并获得所述电堆的阻抗，具体是所述控制器控制所述DCDC变换器以对所述电堆施加不同频率的激励电流并获得不同频率下所述电堆阻抗的实部和虚部，以获得所述电堆的电化学阻抗谱，进而获得所述电堆电化学阻抗谱的等效电路图，所述控制器通过等效电路图拟合获得所述电堆的欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt。 Further, in step S2: the controller controls the DCDC converter to apply an excitation current to the electric stack and obtain the impedance of the electric stack, specifically, the controller controls the DCDC converter to apply an excitation current to the electric stack. The electric stack applies excitation currents of different frequencies and obtains the real part and imaginary part of the electric stack impedance at different frequencies to obtain the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the electric stack, and then obtain the equivalent of the electric stack electrochemical impedance spectrum an effective circuit diagram, and the controller obtains the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt of the stack by fitting the equivalent circuit diagram.
进一步地，步骤S3包括：Further, step S3 includes:
S3-1、所述控制器分别将所述电堆的欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt与存储在所述控制器中的未发生可逆衰减时的欧姆阻抗R ohm-normal、电荷转移阻抗R ct-normal和传质阻抗R mt-normal进行对比，分别获得欧姆阻抗的差值ΔR ohm、电荷转移阻抗的差值ΔR ct和传质阻抗的差值ΔR mt，即ΔR ohm＝R ohm-R ohm-normal，ΔR ct＝R ct-R ct-normal，ΔR mt＝R mt-R mt-noomal，进而获得ΔR ohm、ΔR ct和ΔR mt中的最大值ΔR max，即ΔR max＝max(ΔR ohm，ΔR ct，ΔR mt)； S3-1. The controller respectively compares the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt of the electric stack with the ohmic impedance R ohm stored in the controller when no reversible decay occurs -normal , charge transfer resistance R ct-normal and mass transfer resistance R mt-normal are compared to obtain the difference ΔR ohm of ohmic impedance, the difference ΔR ct of charge transfer resistance and the difference ΔR mt of mass transfer resistance respectively, namely ΔR ohm =R ohm -R ohm-normal , ΔR ct =R ct -R ct-normal , ΔR mt =R mt -R mt-noomal , and then obtain the maximum value ΔR max among ΔR ohm , ΔR ct and ΔR mt , That is, ΔR max = max(ΔR ohm , ΔR ct , ΔR mt );
S3-2、所述控制器根据所述ΔR max以调节所述散热组件或空气组件的运行，经调节操作后，所述控制器将当前所述电堆的电压V与电压下限值V limit比较，当V＞V limit时，恢复至正常运行模式，当V＜V limit时，继续进入调节模式执行调节操作。 S3-2. The controller adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ΔR max . After the adjustment operation, the controller compares the current voltage V of the electric stack with the voltage lower limit value V limit In comparison, when V>V limit , return to the normal operation mode, and when V<V limit , continue to enter the adjustment mode to perform the adjustment operation.
进一步地，further,
步骤S3-1中：当ΔR max＝ΔR ohm时，则判定所述电堆电压下降的主要原因为质子交换膜过干导致的质子传导能力的下降； In step S3-1: when ΔR max =ΔR ohm , it is determined that the main reason for the decrease in the stack voltage is the decrease in proton conductivity caused by the dryness of the proton exchange membrane;
步骤S3-2中：所述控制器根据所述ΔR max以调节所述散热组件或空气组件的运行，具体包括： In step S3-2: the controller adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ΔR max , specifically including:
S3-21、所述控制器分别将当前进入和流出所述电堆的冷却剂温度T in、T out与存储在所述控制器中的进入和流出所述电堆的冷却剂预设温度T in-set、T out-set进行比较，并分别获得进入和流出所述电堆的冷却剂温度偏差值ΔT in、ΔT out，即ΔT in＝T in-T in-set，ΔT out＝T out-T out-set，其中T in为当前进入所述电堆的冷却剂温度，T out为当前流出所述电堆的冷却剂温度，T in-set为进入所述电堆的冷却剂预设温度，T out-set为流出所述电堆的冷却剂预设温度； S3-21. The controller respectively compares the current coolant temperatures T in and T out entering and exiting the electric stack with the preset temperature T of coolant entering and exiting the electric stack stored in the controller in-set and T out-set are compared, and the temperature deviation values ΔT in and ΔT out of the coolant entering and flowing out of the stack are respectively obtained, that is, ΔT in =T in -T in-set , ΔT out =T out -T out-set , where T in is the temperature of the coolant currently entering the electric stack, T out is the temperature of the coolant currently flowing out of the electric stack, and T in-set is preset for the coolant entering the electric stack Temperature, T out-set is the preset temperature of the coolant flowing out of the electric stack;
S3-22、当ΔT in＞ΔT in-limit时，则所述控制器对所述散热组件的散热风扇发出提升散热需求的指令，通过降低进入所述电堆的冷却剂温度以减少所述电堆的失水量，其中ΔT in-limit为存储在所述控制器中的进入所述电堆的冷却剂温度偏差值的下限值； S3-22. When ΔT in > ΔT in-limit , the controller sends an instruction to increase the heat dissipation demand to the heat dissipation fan of the heat dissipation component, and reduces the temperature of the coolant entering the electric stack to reduce the The water loss of the stack, where ΔT in-limit is the lower limit value of the temperature deviation value of the coolant entering the stack stored in the controller;
S3-23、当ΔT out＞ΔT out-limit时，则所述控制器对所述散热组件的冷却水泵发出提升转速的指令，通过降低流出所述电堆的冷却剂温度以减少所述电堆的失水量； S3-23. When ΔT out > ΔT out-limit , the controller issues an instruction to increase the speed of the cooling water pump of the heat dissipation component, and reduces the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the stack to reduce the temperature of the stack. water loss;
S3-24、当ΔT in≤ΔT in-limit且ΔT out≤ΔT out-limit时，所述控制器对所述空气组件的空压机和空气背压阀发出调节指令，通过减小所述空气组件的空气管路内的空气流量或增大空气压力，以减少所述电堆的失水量。 S3-24. When ΔT in ≤ ΔT in-limit and ΔT out ≤ ΔT out-limit , the controller issues adjustment instructions to the air compressor and air back pressure valve of the air component, by reducing the air Increase the air flow in the air line of the assembly or increase the air pressure to reduce the water loss of the stack.
进一步地，further,
步骤S3-1中：当ΔR max＝ΔR mt时，则判定所述电堆电压下降的主要原因为所述电堆的排水能力不足导致的水淹； In step S3-1: when ΔR max =ΔR mt , it is determined that the main reason for the voltage drop of the electric stack is flooding caused by insufficient drainage capacity of the electric stack;
步骤S3-2中：所述控制器根据所述ΔR max以调节所述散热组件或空气组件的运行，具体包括： In step S3-2: the controller adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ΔR max , specifically including:
S3-21、所述控制器分别将当前进入和流出所述电堆的冷却剂温度T in、T out与存储在所述控制器中的进入和流出所述电堆的冷却剂预设温度T in-set、T out-set进行比较，并分别获得进入和流出所述电堆的冷却剂温度偏差值ΔT in、ΔT out； S3-21. The controller respectively compares the current coolant temperatures T in and T out entering and exiting the electric stack with the preset temperature T of coolant entering and exiting the electric stack stored in the controller in-set and T out-set are compared, and the temperature deviation values ΔT in and ΔT out of the coolant entering and flowing out of the stack are respectively obtained;
S3-22、当ΔT in＜ΔT in-limit时，所述控制器对所述散热组件的散热风扇发出减小散热需求的指令，通过提升进入所述电堆的冷却剂温度以增强所述电堆的排水能力； S3-22. When ΔT in < ΔT in-limit , the controller sends an instruction to the heat dissipation fan of the heat dissipation component to reduce the heat dissipation demand, and increases the temperature of the coolant entering the electric stack to increase the temperature of the electric stack. Drainage capacity of the heap;
S3-23、当ΔT out＜ΔT out-limit时，所述控制器对所述散热组件的冷却水泵发出减小转速的指令，通过提升流出所述电堆的冷却剂温度以增强所述电堆的排水能力； S3-23. When ΔT out < ΔT out-limit , the controller issues an instruction to reduce the rotation speed of the cooling water pump of the heat dissipation component, and strengthens the electric stack by increasing the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the electric stack drainage capacity;
S3-24、当ΔT in≥ΔT in-limit且ΔT out≥ΔT out-limit时，所述控制器对所述空气组件的空压机和空气背压阀发出调节指令，通过增大所述空气组件的空气管路内的空气流量或减小空气压力，以增强所述电堆的排水能力。 S3-24. When ΔT in ≥ ΔT in-limit and ΔT out ≥ ΔT out-limit , the controller issues adjustment instructions to the air compressor and air back pressure valve of the air component, by increasing the air The air flow in the air line of the assembly or the air pressure is reduced to enhance the drainage capacity of the stack.
进一步地，further,
步骤S3-1中：当ΔR max＝ΔR ct，则判定所述电堆电压下降的主要原因为所述电堆的阴极催化剂活性的下降，即Pt的氧化或可恢复的催化剂污染； In step S3-1: when ΔR max =ΔR ct , it is determined that the main reason for the voltage drop of the stack is the decrease of the cathode catalyst activity of the stack, that is, oxidation of Pt or recoverable catalyst pollution;
步骤S3-2中：所述控制器根据所述ΔR max以调节所述散热组件或空气组件的运行，具体是所述控制器对所述空气组件的空压机发出停止指令，通过所述电堆的阴极欠空气操作使阴极催化剂活性得到恢复。 In step S3-2: the controller adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ΔR max , specifically, the controller sends a stop command to the air compressor of the air component, and the electric Cathode under-air operation of the stack restores cathode catalyst activity.
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明的燃料电池控制系统，包括电堆和控制器，电堆连有用于测量电堆电压的DCDC变换器，DCDC变换器与控制器输入端连接，控制器输出端与DCDC变换器连接，电堆的电压低于下限值控制器用于控制DCDC变换器以对电堆施加激励电流，并获得电堆的阻抗，电堆还连有散热组件和空气组件，控制器输出端与散热组件和空气组件连接，用于调控电堆的电压至正常运行模式；这样通过DCDC变换器实时测量电堆的电压V并反馈给控制器，控制器将电压V与存储在控制器中的电压下限值V limit比较，当V≥V limit时，维持当前的正常运行模式，当V＜V limit时进入调节模式，控制器控制DCDC变换器以对电堆施加激励电流，并获得电堆的阻抗，控制器根据电堆的阻抗以调节散热组件或空气组件的运行，将电堆的电压调控至正常运行模式；这样本发明能在线调节燃料电池电堆的电压，且能将电堆的电压调控至正常运行模式，从而能提升燃料电池的经济性，使燃料电池运行在经济性更优的状态下。 The fuel cell control system of the present invention includes an electric stack and a controller, the electric stack is connected with a DCDC converter for measuring the voltage of the electric stack, the DCDC converter is connected with the input end of the controller, the output end of the controller is connected with the DCDC converter, and the electric The voltage of the stack is lower than the lower limit value. The controller is used to control the DCDC converter to apply the excitation current to the stack and obtain the impedance of the stack. The stack is also connected to the cooling component and the air component. The components are connected to regulate the voltage of the stack to the normal operation mode; in this way, the voltage V of the stack is measured in real time through the DCDC converter and fed back to the controller, and the controller compares the voltage V with the lower limit value V of the voltage stored in the controller Limit comparison, when V≥V limit , maintain the current normal operation mode, when V<V limit, enter the regulation mode, the controller controls the DCDC converter to apply excitation current to the stack, and obtains the impedance of the stack, the controller According to the impedance of the electric stack to adjust the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air assembly, the voltage of the electric stack is regulated to the normal operation mode; in this way, the present invention can adjust the voltage of the fuel cell electric stack online, and can regulate the voltage of the electric stack to the normal operation mode, so as to improve the economy of the fuel cell and make the fuel cell run in a more economical state.
本发明中，控制器用于控制DCDC变换器以对电堆施加不同频率的激励电流并获得不同频率下电堆阻抗的实部和虚部，以获得电堆的电化学阻抗谱，进而获得电化学阻抗谱的等效电路图，控制器用于通过等效电路图拟合获得电堆的欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt，控制器用于分别将欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt与存储在控制器中的未发生可逆衰减时的欧姆阻抗R ohm-normal、电荷转移阻抗R ct-normal和传质阻抗R mt-normal 进行对比，并分别获得欧姆阻抗的差值ΔR ohm、电荷转移阻抗的差值ΔR ct和传质阻抗的差值ΔR mt，进而获得ΔR ohm、ΔR ct和ΔR mt中的最大值ΔR max，控制器用于根据ΔR max以调节散热组件或空气组件的运行，并调控电堆的电压至正常运行模式；这样本发明通过测试电堆的电化学阻抗谱，在线分析燃料电池电堆的电压下降原因，即在线分析燃料电池性能下降的原因，根据性能下降原因采用对应的调节措施，来提升燃料电池的经济性，使燃料电池运行在其经济性更优的状态下，因此本发明能够有效提升燃料电池的发电效率，减少氢耗成本，提升燃料电池全寿命周期的经济性，进而提升产品竞争力。 In the present invention, the controller is used to control the DCDC converter to apply excitation currents of different frequencies to the stack and obtain the real and imaginary parts of the stack impedance at different frequencies, so as to obtain the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the stack, and then obtain the electrochemical The equivalent circuit diagram of the impedance spectrum, the controller is used to obtain the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt of the stack through the equivalent circuit diagram fitting, and the controller is used to respectively obtain the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and mass transfer resistance R mt are compared with the ohmic resistance R ohm-normal , charge transfer resistance R ct-normal and mass transfer resistance R mt-normal stored in the controller when no reversible decay occurs, and the ohm The difference of impedance ΔR ohm , the difference of charge transfer resistance ΔR ct and the difference of mass transfer resistance ΔR mt , and then obtain the maximum value ΔR max among ΔR ohm , ΔR ct and ΔR mt , and the controller is used to adjust according to ΔR max The operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component, and regulate the voltage of the stack to the normal operation mode; in this way, the present invention analyzes the cause of the voltage drop of the fuel cell stack online by testing the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the stack, that is, the online analysis of the fuel cell performance decline According to the reasons for the performance decline, corresponding adjustment measures are adopted to improve the economy of the fuel cell and make the fuel cell operate in a state with better economy. Therefore, the present invention can effectively improve the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell and reduce hydrogen consumption Cost, improve the economy of the fuel cell life cycle, and then enhance product competitiveness.
综上，本发明的目的是提升燃料电池的经济性，由于燃料电池电堆不同可逆衰减的恢复手段不同，因此需要通过合适的在线监测手段来区分出这些衰减原因，并采用相应的解决调整措施使燃料电池工作在其更优的状态下，从而实现更好的经济性，方法是通过对氢燃料电池电堆的质子交换膜过干、水淹和阴极催化剂活性进行诊断，并根据导致燃料电池性能下降的原因进行相应的调控策略来实现更好的经济性。To sum up, the purpose of the present invention is to improve the economical efficiency of fuel cells. Since different fuel cell stacks have different recovery methods for reversible attenuation, it is necessary to distinguish these attenuation causes through appropriate online monitoring methods, and to adopt corresponding adjustment measures To make the fuel cell work in its more optimal state, thereby achieving better economics, by diagnosing the hydrogen fuel cell stack's proton exchange membrane overdrying, water flooding and cathode catalyst activity, and according to the resulting fuel cell According to the reason of performance degradation, the corresponding regulation strategy is carried out to achieve better economy.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的控制逻辑图；Fig. 1 is a control logic diagram of the present invention;
图2为本发明的系统示意框图；Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the system of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中实测的燃料电池电堆的电化学阻抗谱图；Fig. 3 is the electrochemical impedance spectrogram of the measured fuel cell stack in the embodiment of the present invention;
图4为图3中电化学阻抗谱图的等效电路图；Fig. 4 is the equivalent circuit diagram of electrochemical impedance spectrogram among Fig. 3;
图5为本发明在实际运行过程中的应用实例图。Fig. 5 is a diagram of an application example of the present invention during actual operation.
图中附图标记说明：1、电堆，2、冷却水泵，3、散热风扇，4、空气流量计，5、空压机，6、空气背压阀，7、DCDC变换器，8、控制器，9、第一温度传感器，10、第二温度传感器，11、压力传感器，12、冷却剂管路，13、空气管路。Explanation of reference numerals in the figure: 1. electric stack, 2. cooling water pump, 3. cooling fan, 4. air flow meter, 5. air compressor, 6. air back pressure valve, 7. DCDC converter, 8. control Device, 9, first temperature sensor, 10, second temperature sensor, 11, pressure sensor, 12, coolant pipeline, 13, air pipeline.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。这些实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而并非对本发明的限制。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
如图2所示，一种燃料电池控制系统，包括电堆1和控制器8，电堆1连有用于测量电堆1电压的DCDC变换器7，DCDC变换器7与控制器8输入端连接，控制器8输出端与DCDC变换器7连接，电堆1的电压低于下限值控制器8用于控制DCDC变换器7以对电堆1施加激励电流，并获得电堆1的阻抗，电堆1还连有散热组件和空气组件，控制器8输出端与散热组件和空气组件连接，用于调控电堆1的电压至正常运行模式；这样本发明能在线调节燃料电池电堆1的电压，且能将电堆1的电压调控至正常运行模式，从而能提升燃料电池的经济性，使燃料电池运行在经济性更优的状态下。As shown in Figure 2, a fuel cell control system includes a stack 1 and a controller 8, the stack 1 is connected to a DCDC converter 7 for measuring the voltage of the stack 1, and the DCDC converter 7 is connected to the input end of the controller 8 , the output end of the controller 8 is connected to the DCDC converter 7, and the voltage of the stack 1 is lower than the lower limit value. The controller 8 is used to control the DCDC converter 7 to apply an excitation current to the stack 1, and obtain the impedance of the stack 1, The electric stack 1 is also connected with a heat dissipation assembly and an air assembly, and the output terminal of the controller 8 is connected with the heat dissipation assembly and the air assembly for regulating the voltage of the electric stack 1 to a normal operating mode; thus the present invention can regulate the fuel cell electric stack 1 on-line. voltage, and can regulate the voltage of the stack 1 to the normal operation mode, thereby improving the economy of the fuel cell and making the fuel cell operate in a state of better economy.
其中，控制器8用于控制DCDC变换器7以对电堆1施加不同频率的激励电流并获得不同频率下电堆1阻抗的实部和虚部，以获得电堆1的电化学阻抗谱，进而获得电化学阻抗谱的等效电路图，控制器8用于通过等效电路图拟合获得电堆1的欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt，且控制器8用于根据欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt以调节散热组件或空气组件的运行，并调控电堆1的电压至正常运行模式。 Wherein, the controller 8 is used to control the DCDC converter 7 to apply excitation currents of different frequencies to the stack 1 and obtain the real part and the imaginary part of the impedance of the stack 1 at different frequencies, so as to obtain the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the stack 1, Then obtain the equivalent circuit diagram of the electrochemical impedance spectrum, the controller 8 is used to obtain the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt of the stack 1 through the equivalent circuit diagram fitting, and the controller 8 is used for According to the ohmic resistance R ohm , the charge transfer resistance R ct and the mass transfer resistance R mt , the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component is adjusted, and the voltage of the stack 1 is adjusted to a normal operation mode.
其中，控制器8用于分别将欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt与存储在控制器8中的未发生可逆衰减时的欧姆阻抗R ohm-normal、电荷转移阻抗R ct-normal和传质阻抗R mt-normal进行对比，并分别获得欧姆阻抗的差值ΔR ohm、电荷转移阻抗的差值ΔR ct和传质阻抗的差值ΔR mt，进而获得ΔR ohm、ΔR ct和ΔR mt中的最大值ΔR max，控制器8用于根据ΔR max以调节散热组件或空气组件的运行，并调控电堆1的电压至正常运行模式；这样本发明通过测试电堆1的电化学阻抗谱，在线分析燃料电池电堆1的电压下降原因，根据电压下降原因采用对应的调节措施，来提升燃料电池的经济性，使燃料电池运行在其经济性更优的状态下，因此本发明能够有效提升燃料电池的发电效率，减少氢耗成本，提升燃料电池全寿命周期的经济性，进而提升产品竞争力。 Wherein, the controller 8 is used to respectively compare the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt with the ohmic impedance R ohm-normal , the charge transfer impedance R mt stored in the controller 8 when no reversible decay occurs. ct-normal and mass transfer impedance R mt-normal are compared, and the difference of ohmic impedance ΔR ohm , the difference of charge transfer impedance ΔR ct and the difference of mass transfer impedance ΔR mt are respectively obtained, and then ΔR ohm , ΔR ct and the maximum value ΔR max in ΔR mt , the controller 8 is used to adjust the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to ΔR max , and regulate the voltage of the electric stack 1 to the normal operation mode; Chemical impedance spectroscopy, online analysis of the cause of the voltage drop of the fuel cell stack 1, and corresponding adjustment measures are taken according to the cause of the voltage drop to improve the economy of the fuel cell and make the fuel cell run in a state of better economy. Therefore, this The invention can effectively improve the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell, reduce the cost of hydrogen consumption, improve the economics of the full life cycle of the fuel cell, and thus enhance product competitiveness.
其中，散热组件包括连接在电堆1上的闭环式冷却剂管路12，处于电堆1外侧的冷却剂管路12上按照冷却剂流向依次设有第一温度传感器9、冷却水泵2、散热风扇3和第二温度传感器10，第一温度传感器9用于检测流出电堆1的冷却剂温度，第二温度传感器10用于检测进入电堆1的冷却剂温度，控制器8输出端与冷却水泵2和散热风扇3连接，用于调节冷却水泵2或散热风扇3的转速。Among them, the cooling assembly includes a closed-loop coolant pipeline 12 connected to the electric stack 1, and the coolant pipeline 12 outside the electric stack 1 is provided with a first temperature sensor 9, a cooling water pump 2, and a heat sink in sequence according to the coolant flow direction. The fan 3 and the second temperature sensor 10, the first temperature sensor 9 is used to detect the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the electric stack 1, the second temperature sensor 10 is used to detect the temperature of the coolant entering the electric stack 1, the output terminal of the controller 8 is connected with the cooling The water pump 2 is connected to the cooling fan 3 for adjusting the speed of the cooling water pump 2 or the cooling fan 3 .
其中，空气组件包括连接在电堆1阴极处的空气管路13，电堆1阴极入口处的空气管路13上设有空压机5，空压机5上游处的空气管路13上设有空气流量计4，空气流量计4用于检测空气管路13内的空气流量，空压机5与电堆1阴极入口之间的空气管路13上设有压力 传感器11，压力传感器11用于检测空气管路13内的空气压力，电堆1阴极出口处的空气管路13上设有空气背压阀6，控制器8输出端与空压机5和空气背压阀6连接，用于对空压机5和空气背压阀6发出调节指令，并用于调节空气管路13内的空气流量或空气压力。Wherein, the air assembly includes an air pipeline 13 connected to the cathode of the electric stack 1, an air compressor 5 is provided on the air pipeline 13 at the cathode entrance of the electric stack 1, and an air compressor 5 is provided on the air pipeline 13 upstream of the air compressor 5. There is an air flowmeter 4, and the air flowmeter 4 is used to detect the air flow in the air pipeline 13. A pressure sensor 11 is arranged on the air pipeline 13 between the air compressor 5 and the cathode inlet of the stack 1, and the pressure sensor 11 is used for In order to detect the air pressure in the air pipeline 13, the air pipeline 13 at the cathode outlet of the stack 1 is provided with an air back pressure valve 6, and the output end of the controller 8 is connected with the air compressor 5 and the air back pressure valve 6. It is used to issue adjustment instructions to the air compressor 5 and the air back pressure valve 6, and is used to adjust the air flow or air pressure in the air pipeline 13.
如图1所示，上述燃料电池控制系统的控制方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in FIG. 1, the control method of the above-mentioned fuel cell control system includes the following steps:
S1、通过DCDC变换器7实时测量电堆1的电压V并反馈给控制器8，控制器8将电压V与存储在控制器8中的电压下限值V limit比较，当V≥V limit时，维持当前的正常运行模式； S1. Measure the voltage V of the stack 1 in real time through the DCDC converter 7 and feed it back to the controller 8. The controller 8 compares the voltage V with the voltage lower limit value V limit stored in the controller 8. When V ≥ V limit , to maintain the current normal operation mode;
S2、当V＜V limit时进入调节模式，控制器8控制DCDC变换器7以对电堆1施加不同频率的激励电流并获得不同频率下电堆1阻抗的实部和虚部，以获得电堆1的电化学阻抗谱，进而获得电堆1电化学阻抗谱的等效电路图，控制器8通过等效电路图拟合获得电堆1的欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt； S2. When V<V limit , enter the adjustment mode, the controller 8 controls the DCDC converter 7 to apply excitation currents of different frequencies to the stack 1 and obtain the real part and imaginary part of the impedance of the stack 1 at different frequencies to obtain the current The electrochemical impedance spectrum of the stack 1, and then obtain the equivalent circuit diagram of the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the stack 1, and the controller 8 obtains the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance of the stack 1 through the fitting of the equivalent circuit diagram Rmt ;
S3、控制器8分别将电堆1的欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt与存储在控制器8中的未发生可逆衰减时的欧姆阻抗R ohm-normal、电荷转移阻抗R ct-normal和传质阻抗R mt-normal进行对比，分别获得欧姆阻抗的差值ΔR ohm、电荷转移阻抗的差值ΔR ct和传质阻抗的差值ΔR mt，即ΔR ohm＝R ohm-R ohm-normal，ΔR ct＝R ct-R ct-normal，ΔR mt＝R mt-R mt-normal，进而获得ΔR ohm、ΔR ct和ΔR mt中的最大值ΔR max，即ΔR max＝max(ΔR ohm，ΔR ct，ΔR mt)； S3, the controller 8 respectively compares the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt of the stack 1 with the ohmic impedance R ohm-normal and the charge transfer The impedance R ct-normal is compared with the mass transfer impedance R mt-normal to obtain the difference ΔR ohm of the ohmic impedance, the difference ΔR ct of the charge transfer impedance and the difference ΔR mt of the mass transfer impedance, namely ΔR ohm = R ohm -R ohm-normal , ΔR ct =R ct -R ct-normal , ΔR mt =R mt -R mt-normal , and then obtain the maximum value ΔR max among ΔR ohm , ΔR ct and ΔR mt , that is, ΔR max =max (ΔR ohm , ΔR ct , ΔR mt );
S4、当ΔR max＝ΔR ohm时，则判定电堆1电压下降的主要原因为质子交换膜过干导致的质子传导能力的下降； S4. When ΔR max = ΔR ohm , it is determined that the main reason for the voltage drop of the stack 1 is the decrease of the proton conduction capacity caused by the dryness of the proton exchange membrane;
S4-1、控制器8分别将当前进入和流出电堆1的冷却剂温度T in、T out与存储在控制器8中的进入和流出电堆1的冷却剂预设温度T in-set、T out-set进行比较，并分别获得进入和流出电堆1的冷却剂温度偏差值ΔT in、ΔT out，即ΔT in＝T in-T in-set，ΔT out＝T out-T out-set，其中T in为当前进入电堆1的冷却剂温度，T out为当前流出电堆1的冷却剂温度，T in-set为进入电堆1的冷却剂预设温度，T out-set为流出电堆1的冷却剂预设温度； S4-1. The controller 8 respectively compares the current entering and exiting coolant temperatures T in and T out of the stack 1 with the preset coolant temperatures T in-set , T out entering and exiting the stack 1 stored in the controller 8 T out-set is compared, and the temperature deviation values ΔT in and ΔT out of the coolant entering and exiting the electric stack 1 are respectively obtained, that is, ΔT in =T in -T in-set , ΔT out =T out -T out-set , where T in is the coolant temperature entering the stack 1 currently, T out is the coolant temperature flowing out of the stack 1 currently, T in-set is the preset temperature of the coolant entering the stack 1, and T out-set is the coolant flowing out of the stack 1 Coolant preset temperature of stack 1;
S4-2、当ΔT in＞ΔT in-limit时，则控制器8对散热风扇3发出提升散热需求的指令，通过降低进入电堆1的冷却剂温度以减少电堆1的失水量，其中ΔT in-limit为存储在控制器8中的进入电堆1的冷却剂温度偏差值的下限值； S4-2. When ΔT in > ΔT in-limit , the controller 8 sends an instruction to the heat dissipation fan 3 to increase the heat dissipation demand, and reduces the water loss of the stack 1 by reducing the temperature of the coolant entering the stack 1, where ΔT in-limit is the lower limit value of the temperature deviation value of the coolant entering the electric stack 1 stored in the controller 8;
S4-3、当ΔT out＞ΔT out-limit时，则控制器8对冷却水泵2发出提升转速的指令，通过降低流出电堆1的冷却剂温度以减少电堆1的失水量； S4-3. When ΔT out > ΔT out-limit , the controller 8 issues an instruction to increase the speed of the cooling water pump 2, and reduces the water loss of the stack 1 by reducing the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the stack 1;
S4-4、当ΔT in≤ΔT in-limit且ΔT out≤ΔT out-limit时，控制器8对空压机5和空气背压阀6发出调节指令，通过减小空气管路13内的空气流量或增大空气压力，以减少电堆1的失水量； S4-4. When ΔT in ≤ ΔT in-limit and ΔT out ≤ ΔT out-limit , the controller 8 issues adjustment commands to the air compressor 5 and the air back pressure valve 6, by reducing the air in the air pipeline 13 Increase the flow rate or increase the air pressure to reduce the water loss of the stack 1;
S5、当ΔR max＝ΔR mt时，则判定电堆1电压下降的主要原因为电堆1的排水能力不足导致的水淹； S5. When ΔR max = ΔR mt , it is determined that the main reason for the voltage drop of the stack 1 is the flooding caused by the insufficient drainage capacity of the stack 1;
S5-1、控制器8分别将当前进入和流出电堆1的冷却剂温度T in、T out与存储在控制器8中的进入和流出电堆1的冷却剂预设温度T in-set、T out-set进行比较，并分别获得进入和流出电堆1的冷却剂温度偏差值ΔT in、ΔT out； S5-1. The controller 8 respectively compares the current entering and exiting coolant temperatures T in and T out of the stack 1 with the preset coolant temperatures T in-set , T out entering and exiting the stack 1 stored in the controller 8 T out-set is compared, and the temperature deviation values ΔT in and ΔT out of the coolant entering and exiting the stack 1 are respectively obtained;
S5-2、当ΔT in＜ΔT in-limit时，控制器8对散热风扇3发出减小散热需求的指令，通过提升进入电堆1的冷却剂温度以增强电堆1的排水能力； S5-2. When ΔT in < ΔT in-limit , the controller 8 issues an instruction to the cooling fan 3 to reduce the heat dissipation demand, and enhances the drainage capacity of the stack 1 by increasing the temperature of the coolant entering the stack 1;
S5-3、当ΔT out＜ΔT out-limit时，控制器8对冷却水泵2发出减小转速的指令，通过提升流出电堆1的冷却剂温度以增强电堆1的排水能力； S5-3. When ΔT out < ΔT out-limit , the controller 8 issues an instruction to the cooling water pump 2 to reduce the rotational speed, and enhances the drainage capacity of the stack 1 by increasing the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the stack 1;
S5-4、当ΔT in≥ΔT in-limit且ΔT out≥ΔT out-limit时，控制器8对空压机5和空气背压阀6发出调节指令，通过增大空气管路13内的空气流量或减小空气压力，以增强电堆1的排水能力； S5-4. When ΔT in ≥ ΔT in-limit and ΔT out ≥ ΔT out-limit , the controller 8 issues adjustment commands to the air compressor 5 and the air back pressure valve 6, by increasing the air flow in the air pipeline 13 Or reduce the air pressure to enhance the drainage capacity of the stack 1;
S6、当ΔR max＝ΔR ct，则判定电堆1电压下降的主要原因为电堆1的阴极催化剂活性的下降，即Pt的氧化或可恢复的催化剂污染，控制器8对空压机5发出停止指令，通过电堆1的阴极欠空气操作使阴极催化剂活性得到恢复； S6. When ΔR max = ΔR ct , it is determined that the main reason for the voltage drop of the stack 1 is the decrease of the cathode catalyst activity of the stack 1, that is, the oxidation of Pt or recoverable catalyst pollution, and the controller 8 sends a signal to the air compressor 5 Stop command, the cathode catalyst activity is restored through the cathode under-air operation of the stack 1;
S7、经调节操作后，控制器8将当前电堆1的电压V与电压下限值V limit比较，当V＞V limit时，恢复至正常运行模式，当V＜V limit时，继续进入调节模式执行调节操作。 S7. After the adjustment operation, the controller 8 compares the current voltage V of the stack 1 with the voltage lower limit value V limit , and when V>V limit , returns to the normal operation mode, and when V<V limit , continues to enter the adjustment mode to perform tuning operations.
本发明中电化学阻抗谱技术EIS作为一种强大的电化学检测手段，测量不同频率下燃料电池电堆1的交流阻抗，通过阻抗谱拟合可获取燃料电池电堆1的欧姆阻抗、电荷转移阻抗以及传质阻抗，欧姆阻抗由质子交换膜、阴极催化剂层、阳极催化剂层、气体扩散层和双极板的体电阻以及各自的接触电阻组成，当燃料电池电堆1内部水管理发生变化时仅质子交换膜电阻发生变化，因此可以通过监测欧姆阻抗来监测质子交换膜的干湿状态，电荷转移阻抗可用于监测阴极催化剂的活性，传质阻抗可用于监测电堆1是否发生过湿即水淹现象，因此电化学阻抗谱技术EIS能有效地监测燃料电池的运行状态。In the present invention, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technology EIS is used as a powerful electrochemical detection means to measure the AC impedance of the fuel cell stack 1 at different frequencies, and the ohmic impedance and charge transfer of the fuel cell stack 1 can be obtained through impedance spectrum fitting. Impedance and mass transfer impedance, ohmic impedance is composed of volume resistance of proton exchange membrane, cathode catalyst layer, anode catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer and bipolar plate and their respective contact resistance, when the internal water management of fuel cell stack 1 changes Only the resistance of the proton exchange membrane changes, so the wet and dry state of the proton exchange membrane can be monitored by monitoring the ohmic impedance, the charge transfer impedance can be used to monitor the activity of the cathode catalyst, and the mass transfer impedance can be used to monitor whether the stack 1 is wet or not. Flooding phenomenon, so electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can effectively monitor the operating status of fuel cells.
综上，本发明通过对氢燃料电池电堆1的质子交换膜过干、水淹和阴极催化剂活性进行诊断，并根据导致燃料电池性能下降的原因进行相应的调控策略来实现更好的经济性。In summary, the present invention realizes better economy by diagnosing the proton exchange membrane overdrying, water flooding and cathode catalyst activity of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1, and carrying out corresponding control strategies according to the reasons leading to fuel cell performance decline .
实施例Example
如图5所示，在t 1时刻控制器8检测到当前电堆1的电压V小于电压下限值V limit，则进入调节模式，控制器8对DCDC变换器7发出测试电堆1电化学阻抗谱的指令，DCDC变换器7对电堆1通过施加不同频率的激励电流获得不同频率下电堆1阻抗的实部和虚部，从而 获得如图3所示的电堆1的电化学阻抗谱，进而获得如图4所示的电堆1电化学阻抗谱的等效电路图，控制器8通过如图4所示的等效电路图拟合获得电堆1的欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt，且控制器8分别将电堆1的欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt与存储在控制器8中的未发生可逆衰减时的欧姆阻抗R ohm-normal、电荷转移阻抗R ct-normal和传质阻抗R mt-normal进行对比，分别获得欧姆阻抗的差值ΔR ohm、电荷转移阻抗的差值ΔR ct和传质阻抗的差值ΔR mt，即ΔR ohm＝R ohm-R ohm-normal，ΔR ct＝R ct-R ct-normal，ΔR mt＝R mt-R mt-normal，进而获得ΔR ohm、ΔR ct和ΔR mt中的最大值ΔR max，即ΔR max＝max(ΔR ohm，ΔR ct，ΔR mt)。 As shown in Figure 5, at time t1 , the controller 8 detects that the current voltage V of the stack 1 is lower than the voltage lower limit value V limit , and then enters the adjustment mode, and the controller 8 sends a test signal to the DCDC converter 7 to test the electrochemical state of the stack 1. Instructions for impedance spectroscopy, DCDC converter 7 applies excitation currents of different frequencies to the stack 1 to obtain the real and imaginary parts of the impedance of the stack 1 at different frequencies, thereby obtaining the electrochemical impedance of the stack 1 as shown in Figure 3 spectrum, and then obtain the equivalent circuit diagram of the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the stack 1 as shown in Figure 4, and the controller 8 obtains the ohmic impedance R ohm and the charge transfer impedance of the stack 1 by fitting the equivalent circuit diagram as shown in Figure 4 R ct and mass transfer resistance R mt , and the controller 8 respectively compares the ohmic resistance R ohm , the charge transfer resistance R ct and the mass transfer resistance R mt of the electric stack 1 with the ohmic resistance when no reversible decay occurs stored in the controller 8 Impedance R ohm-normal , charge transfer resistance R ct-normal and mass transfer resistance R mt-normal are compared to obtain the difference of ohmic impedance ΔR ohm , the difference of charge transfer resistance ΔR ct and the difference of mass transfer resistance ΔR mt , that is, ΔR ohm ＝R ohm -R ohm-normal , ΔR ct ＝R ct -R ct-normal , ΔR mt ＝R mt -R mt-normal , and then obtain the maximum value among ΔR ohm , ΔR ct and ΔR mt ΔR max , that is, ΔR max =max(ΔR ohm , ΔR ct , ΔR mt ).
结果表明：ΔR max＝ΔR ct，控制器8判定导致电堆1电压下降的原因为电堆1的阴极催化剂活性的下降，如图5所示，控制器8在t 2时刻对空压机5发出短时间关闭指令，产生阴极欠空气使阴极催化剂活性得到恢复，随后控制器8对空压机5发出恢复指令，使其迅速恢复原来的空气流量，其中空气流量计4用于检测空气管路13内的空气流量，完成调节后，控制器8将此时电堆1的电压V与电压下限值V limit进行比较，结果表明此时电堆1的电压V已恢复至电压下限值V limit以上，控制器8发出离开调节模式的指令，维持当前的操作条件继续运行，同时控制器8保持实时的电堆1电压V与电压下限值V limit的比较。 The results show that: ΔR max = ΔR ct , the controller 8 judges that the cause of the voltage drop of the stack 1 is the decrease of the cathode catalyst activity of the stack 1, as shown in Figure 5, the controller 8 controls the air compressor 5 at the time t2 Issue a short-term shutdown command to generate cathode under-air to restore the activity of the cathode catalyst, and then the controller 8 sends a recovery command to the air compressor 5 to quickly restore the original air flow, in which the air flow meter 4 is used to detect the air pipeline After the air flow in 13 is adjusted, the controller 8 compares the voltage V of the electric stack 1 with the lower limit value V limit of the voltage at this time, and the result shows that the voltage V of the electric stack 1 has recovered to the lower limit value V limit of the voltage at this time limit , the controller 8 issues an instruction to leave the regulation mode, maintains the current operating conditions and continues to run, and at the same time, the controller 8 maintains a real-time comparison between the voltage V of the stack 1 and the voltage lower limit value V limit .
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, some improvements and replacements can also be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these improvements and replacements should also be It is regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (13)

  1. 一种燃料电池控制系统，其特征在于：包括电堆(1)和控制器(8)，所述电堆(1)连有用于测量所述电堆(1)电压的DCDC变换器(7)，所述DCDC变换器(7)与所述控制器(8)输入端连接，所述控制器(8)输出端与所述DCDC变换器(7)连接，所述电堆(1)的电压低于下限值所述控制器(8)用于控制所述DCDC变换器(7)以对所述电堆(1)施加激励电流，并获得所述电堆(1)的阻抗，所述电堆(1)还连有散热组件和空气组件，所述控制器(8)输出端与所述散热组件和空气组件连接，用于调控所述电堆(1)的电压至正常运行模式。A fuel cell control system, characterized in that it includes an electric stack (1) and a controller (8), and the electric stack (1) is connected with a DCDC converter (7) for measuring the voltage of the electric stack (1) , the DCDC converter (7) is connected to the input terminal of the controller (8), the output terminal of the controller (8) is connected to the DCDC converter (7), and the voltage of the stack (1) Below the lower limit value, the controller (8) is used to control the DCDC converter (7) to apply an excitation current to the stack (1), and obtain the impedance of the stack (1), the The electric stack (1) is also connected with a heat dissipation assembly and an air assembly, and the output terminal of the controller (8) is connected with the heat dissipation assembly and the air assembly for regulating the voltage of the electric stack (1) to a normal operation mode.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池控制系统，其特征在于：所述控制器(8)用于控制所述DCDC变换器(7)以对所述电堆(1)施加不同频率的激励电流并获得不同频率下所述电堆(1)阻抗的实部和虚部，以获得所述电堆(1)的电化学阻抗谱，进而获得所述电化学阻抗谱的等效电路图，所述控制器(8)用于通过所述等效电路图拟合获得所述电堆(1)的欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt，且所述控制器(8)用于根据所述欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt以调节所述散热组件或空气组件的运行，并调控所述电堆(1)的电压至正常运行模式。 A fuel cell control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controller (8) is used to control the DCDC converter (7) to apply excitations of different frequencies to the electric stack (1) current and obtain the real part and the imaginary part of the impedance of the stack (1) at different frequencies to obtain the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the stack (1), and then obtain the equivalent circuit diagram of the electrochemical impedance spectrum, so The controller (8) is used to obtain the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt of the stack (1) through the equivalent circuit diagram fitting, and the controller (8) It is used for adjusting the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ohmic resistance R ohm , the charge transfer resistance R ct and the mass transfer resistance R mt , and regulating the voltage of the electric stack (1) to a normal operation mode.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种燃料电池控制系统，其特征在于：所述控制器(8)用于分别将所述欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt与存储在所述控制器(8)中的未发生可逆衰减时的欧姆阻抗R ohm-normal、电荷转移阻抗R ct-normal和传质阻抗R mt-normal进行对比，并分别获得欧姆阻抗的差值ΔR ohm、电荷转移阻抗的差值ΔR ct和传质阻抗的差值ΔR mt，进而获得ΔR ohm、ΔR ct和ΔR mt中的最大值ΔR max，所述控制器(8)用于根据所述ΔR max以调节所述散热组件或空气组件的运行，并调控所述电堆(1)的电压至正常运行模式。 A fuel cell control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the controller (8) is used to respectively store the ohmic resistance R ohm , the charge transfer resistance R ct and the mass transfer resistance R mt in the The ohmic impedance R ohm-normal , the charge transfer impedance R ct-normal and the mass transfer impedance R mt-normal in the controller (8) when no reversible attenuation occurs are compared, and the difference ΔR ohm of the ohmic impedance is obtained respectively , the difference ΔR ct of the charge transfer impedance and the difference ΔR mt of the mass transfer impedance, and then obtain the maximum value ΔR max among ΔR ohm , ΔR ct and ΔR mt , and the controller (8) is used to obtain the maximum value ΔR max according to the ΔR max To adjust the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component, and regulate the voltage of the electric stack (1) to a normal operation mode.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种燃料电池控制系统，其特征在于：所述散热组件包括连接在所述电堆(1)上的闭环式冷却剂管路(12)，处于所述电堆(1)外侧的所述冷却剂管路(12)上按照冷却剂流向依次设有冷却水泵(2)和散热风扇(3)，所述控制器(8)输出端与所述冷却水泵(2)和散热风扇(3)连接，用于调节所述冷却水泵(2)或散热风扇(3)的转速。A fuel cell control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the heat dissipation assembly includes a closed-loop coolant pipeline (12) connected to the electric stack (1), located in the electric stack ( 1) The coolant pipeline (12) on the outside is provided with a cooling water pump (2) and a cooling fan (3) in sequence according to the flow direction of the coolant, and the output end of the controller (8) is connected to the cooling water pump (2) It is connected with the cooling fan (3), and is used for adjusting the speed of the cooling water pump (2) or the cooling fan (3).
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种燃料电池控制系统，其特征在于：处于所述电堆(1)外侧的所述冷却剂管路(12)上按照冷却剂流向依次设有第一温度传感器(9)、冷却水泵(2)、散热风扇(3)和第二温度传感器(10)。A fuel cell control system according to claim 4, characterized in that first temperature sensors ( 9), cooling water pump (2), cooling fan (3) and second temperature sensor (10).
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种燃料电池控制系统，其特征在于：所述空气组件包括连接在所述电堆(1)阴极处的空气管路(13)，所述电堆(1)阴极入口处的所述空气管路(13) 上设有空压机(5)，所述电堆(1)阴极出口处的所述空气管路(13)上设有空气背压阀(6)，所述控制器(8)输出端与所述空压机(5)和空气背压阀(6)连接，用于对所述空压机(5)和空气背压阀(6)发出调节指令，并用于调节所述空气管路(13)内的空气流量或空气压力。A fuel cell control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the air assembly includes an air pipeline (13) connected to the cathode of the stack (1), and the cathode of the stack (1) An air compressor (5) is provided on the air pipeline (13) at the inlet, and an air back pressure valve (6) is provided on the air pipeline (13) at the cathode outlet of the stack (1) , the output end of the controller (8) is connected with the air compressor (5) and the air back pressure valve (6) for adjusting the air compressor (5) and the air back pressure valve (6) instruction, and used to adjust the air flow or air pressure in the air pipeline (13).
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种燃料电池控制系统，其特征在于：所述空压机(5)上游处的空气管路(13)上设有空气流量计(4)，所述空压机(5)与所述电堆(1)阴极入口之间的所述空气管路(13)上设有压力传感器(11)。A fuel cell control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: an air flow meter (4) is provided on the air pipeline (13) upstream of the air compressor (5), and the air compressor A pressure sensor (11) is provided on the air pipeline (13) between (5) and the cathode inlet of the electric stack (1).
  8. 一种如权利要求1-7任一项所述的燃料电池控制系统的控制方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：A control method for a fuel cell control system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    S1、通过所述DCDC变换器(7)实时测量所述电堆(1)的电压V并反馈给所述控制器(8)，所述控制器(8)将电压V与存储在所述控制器(8)中的电压下限值V limit比较，当V≥V limit时，维持当前的正常运行模式； S1. Measure the voltage V of the stack (1) in real time through the DCDC converter (7) and feed it back to the controller (8), and the controller (8) will store the voltage V in the control Compared with the voltage lower limit value V limit in the device (8), when V ≥ V limit , the current normal operation mode is maintained;
    S2、当V＜V limit时进入调节模式，所述控制器(8)控制所述DCDC变换器(7)以对所述电堆(1)施加激励电流，并获得所述电堆(1)的阻抗； S2. When V<V limit , enter the adjustment mode, the controller (8) controls the DCDC converter (7) to apply an excitation current to the electric stack (1), and obtain the electric stack (1) the impedance;
    S3、所述控制器(8)根据所述电堆(1)的阻抗以调节所述散热组件或空气组件的运行，将所述电堆(1)的电压调控至正常运行模式。S3. The controller (8) adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the impedance of the electric stack (1), and regulates the voltage of the electric stack (1) to a normal operation mode.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的燃料电池控制系统的控制方法，其特征在于步骤S2中：所述控制器(8)控制所述DCDC变换器(7)以对所述电堆(1)施加激励电流并获得所述电堆(1)的阻抗，具体是所述控制器(8)控制所述DCDC变换器(7)以对所述电堆(1)施加不同频率的激励电流并获得不同频率下所述电堆(1)阻抗的实部和虚部，以获得所述电堆(1)的电化学阻抗谱，进而获得所述电堆(1)电化学阻抗谱的等效电路图，所述控制器(8)通过等效电路图拟合获得所述电堆(1)的欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt。 The control method of the fuel cell control system according to claim 8, characterized in that in step S2: the controller (8) controls the DCDC converter (7) to apply an excitation current to the electric stack (1) And obtain the impedance of the stack (1), specifically the controller (8) controls the DCDC converter (7) to apply excitation currents of different frequencies to the stack (1) and obtain the impedance of the stack (1) at different frequencies The real part and the imaginary part of the impedance of the stack (1), to obtain the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the stack (1), and then obtain the equivalent circuit diagram of the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the stack (1), the The controller (8) obtains the ohmic impedance R ohm , the charge transfer impedance R ct and the mass transfer impedance R mt of the electric stack (1) by fitting the equivalent circuit diagram.
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的燃料电池控制系统的控制方法，其特征在于步骤S3包括：The control method of the fuel cell control system according to claim 9, characterized in that step S3 comprises:
    S3-1、所述控制器(8)分别将所述电堆(1)的欧姆阻抗R ohm、电荷转移阻抗R ct和传质阻抗R mt与存储在所述控制器(8)中的未发生可逆衰减时的欧姆阻抗R ohm-normal、电荷转移阻抗R ct-normal和传质阻抗R mt-normal进行对比，分别获得欧姆阻抗的差值ΔR ohm、电荷转移阻抗的差值ΔR ct和传质阻抗的差值R mt，即ΔR ohm＝R ohm-R ohm-normal，ΔR ct＝R ct-R ct-normal，ΔR mt＝R mt-R mt-normal，进而获得ΔR ohm、ΔR ct和ΔR mt中的最大值ΔR max，即ΔR max＝max(ΔR ohm，ΔR ct，R mt)； S3-1. The controller (8) respectively compares the ohmic resistance R ohm , the charge transfer resistance R ct and the mass transfer resistance R mt of the electric stack (1) with the values stored in the controller (8) The ohmic impedance R ohm-normal , the charge transfer impedance R ct-normal and the mass transfer impedance R mt-normal were compared when the reversible attenuation occurred, and the difference ΔR ohm of the ohmic impedance, the difference ΔR ct of the charge transfer impedance and the transfer impedance were obtained respectively. The difference R mt of mass impedance, that is, ΔR ohm = R ohm -R ohm-normal , ΔR ct = R ct -R ct-normal , ΔR mt = R mt -R mt-normal , and then obtain ΔR ohm , ΔR ct and The maximum value ΔR max in ΔR mt , that is, ΔR max =max(ΔR ohm , ΔR ct , R mt );
    S3-2、所述控制器(8)根据所述ΔR max以调节所述散热组件或空气组件的运行，经调节 操作后，所述控制器(8)将当前所述电堆(1)的电压V与电压下限值V limit比较，当V＞V limit时，恢复至正常运行模式，当V＜V limit时，继续进入调节模式执行调节操作。 S3-2. The controller (8) adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ΔR max . After the adjustment operation, the controller (8) converts the current The voltage V is compared with the voltage lower limit value V limit , and when V>V limit , it returns to the normal operation mode, and when V<V limit , it continues to enter the adjustment mode to perform the adjustment operation.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的燃料电池控制系统的控制方法，其特征在于：The control method of the fuel cell control system according to claim 10, characterized in that:
    步骤S3-1中：当ΔR max＝ΔR ohm时，则判定所述电堆(1)电压下降的主要原因为质子交换膜过干导致的质子传导能力的下降； In step S3-1: when ΔR max =ΔR ohm , it is determined that the main reason for the voltage drop of the stack (1) is the drop of proton conductivity caused by the dryness of the proton exchange membrane;
    步骤S3-2中：所述控制器(8)根据所述ΔR max以调节所述散热组件或空气组件的运行，具体包括： In step S3-2: the controller (8) adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ΔR max , specifically including:
    S3-21、所述控制器(8)分别将当前进入和流出所述电堆(1)的冷却剂温度T in、T out与存储在所述控制器(8)中的进入和流出所述电堆(1)的冷却剂预设温度T in-set、T out-set进行比较，并分别获得进入和流出所述电堆(1)的冷却剂温度偏差值ΔT in、ΔT out，即ΔT in＝T in-T in-set，ΔT out＝T out-T out-set，其中T in为当前进入所述电堆(1)的冷却剂温度，T out为当前流出所述电堆(1)的冷却剂温度，T in-set为进入所述电堆(1)的冷却剂预设温度，T out-set为流出所述电堆(1)的冷却剂预设温度； S3-21. The controller (8) respectively compares the current entering and exiting coolant temperatures T in and T out of the electric stack (1) with the entering and exiting coolant temperatures stored in the controller (8). The preset coolant temperatures T in-set and T out-set of the electric stack (1) are compared, and the temperature deviation values ΔT in and ΔT out of the coolant entering and flowing out of the electric stack (1) are respectively obtained, that is, ΔT in =T in -T in-set , ΔT out =T out -T out-set , wherein T in is the temperature of the coolant currently entering the electric stack (1), and T out is the temperature of the coolant currently flowing out of the electric stack (1) ), T in-set is the preset temperature of the coolant entering the stack (1), and T out-set is the preset temperature of the coolant flowing out of the stack (1);
    S3-22、当ΔT in＞ΔT in-limit时，则所述控制器(8)对所述散热组件的散热风扇(3)发出提升散热需求的指令，通过降低进入所述电堆(1)的冷却剂温度以减少所述电堆(1)的失水量，其中ΔT in-limit为存储在所述控制器(8)中的进入所述电堆(1)的冷却剂温度偏差值的下限值； S3-22. When ΔT in > ΔT in-limit , the controller (8) issues an instruction to increase the heat dissipation demand to the heat dissipation fan (3) of the heat dissipation component, by reducing the to reduce the water loss of the electric stack (1), wherein ΔT in-limit is the lower value of the coolant temperature deviation value stored in the controller (8) entering the electric stack (1) limit value;
    S3-23、当ΔT out＞ΔT out-limit时，则所述控制器(8)对所述散热组件的冷却水泵(2)发出提升转速的指令，通过降低流出所述电堆(1)的冷却剂温度以减少所述电堆(1)的失水量； S3-23. When ΔT out > ΔT out-limit , the controller (8) issues an instruction to increase the speed of the cooling water pump (2) of the heat dissipation component, by reducing the flow out of the electric stack (1) Coolant temperature to reduce the water loss of the electric stack (1);
    S3-24、当ΔT in≤ΔT in-limit且ΔT out≤ΔT out-limit时，所述控制器(8)对所述空气组件的空压机(5)和空气背压阀(6)发出调节指令，通过减小所述空气组件的空气管路(13)内的空气流量或增大空气压力，以减少所述电堆(1)的失水量。 S3-24. When ΔT in ≤ ΔT in-limit and ΔT out ≤ ΔT out-limit , the controller (8) sends a signal to the air compressor (5) and air back pressure valve (6) of the air component The adjustment command reduces the water loss of the electric stack (1) by reducing the air flow in the air pipeline (13) of the air assembly or increasing the air pressure.
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的燃料电池控制系统的控制方法，其特征在于：The control method of the fuel cell control system according to claim 11, characterized in that:
    步骤S3-1中：当ΔR max＝ΔR mt时，则判定所述电堆(1)电压下降的主要原因为所述电堆(1)的排水能力不足导致的水淹； In step S3-1: when ΔR max =ΔR mt , it is determined that the main cause of the voltage drop of the electric stack (1) is flooding caused by insufficient drainage capacity of the electric stack (1);
    步骤S3-2中：所述控制器(8)根据所述ΔR max以调节所述散热组件或空气组件的运行，具体包括： In step S3-2: the controller (8) adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ΔR max , specifically including:
    S3-21、所述控制器(8)分别将当前进入和流出所述电堆(1)的冷却剂温度T in、T out 与存储在所述控制器(8)中的进入和流出所述电堆(1)的冷却剂预设温度T in-set、T out-set进行比较，并分别获得进入和流出所述电堆(1)的冷却剂温度偏差值ΔT in、ΔT out； S3-21. The controller (8) respectively compares the current entering and exiting coolant temperatures T in and T out of the electric stack (1) with the entering and exiting coolant temperatures stored in the controller (8). Comparing the preset coolant temperatures T in-set and T out-set of the stack (1), and obtaining the temperature deviation values ΔT in and ΔT out of the coolant entering and leaving the stack (1) respectively;
    S3-22、当ΔT in＜ΔT in-limit时，所述控制器(8)对所述散热组件的散热风扇(3)发出减小散热需求的指令，通过提升进入所述电堆(1)的冷却剂温度以增强所述电堆(1)的排水能力； S3-22. When ΔT in < ΔT in-limit , the controller (8) sends an instruction to reduce the heat dissipation demand to the heat dissipation fan (3) of the heat dissipation component, and enters the electric stack (1) by lifting The coolant temperature is to enhance the drainage capacity of the electric stack (1);
    S3-23、当ΔT out＜ΔT out-limit时，所述控制器(8)对所述散热组件的冷却水泵(2)发出减小转速的指令，通过提升流出所述电堆(1)的冷却剂温度以增强所述电堆(1)的排水能力； S3-23. When ΔT out < ΔT out-limit , the controller (8) sends an instruction to reduce the rotation speed to the cooling water pump (2) of the heat dissipation component, and by increasing the flow out of the electric stack (1) Coolant temperature to enhance the drainage capacity of the electric stack (1);
    S3-24、当ΔT in≥ΔT in-limit且ΔT out≥ΔT out-limit时，所述控制器(8)对所述空气组件的空压机(5)和空气背压阀(6)发出调节指令，通过增大所述空气组件的空气管路(13)内的空气流量或减小空气压力，以增强所述电堆(1)的排水能力。 S3-24. When ΔT in ≥ ΔT in-limit and ΔT out ≥ ΔT out-limit , the controller (8) sends a signal to the air compressor (5) and air back pressure valve (6) of the air component The adjustment command increases the air flow in the air pipeline (13) of the air assembly or reduces the air pressure to enhance the drainage capacity of the electric stack (1).
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的燃料电池控制系统的控制方法，其特征在于：The control method of the fuel cell control system according to claim 12, characterized in that:
    步骤S3-1中：当ΔR max＝ΔR ct，则判定所述电堆(1)电压下降的主要原因为所述电堆(1)的阴极催化剂活性的下降，即Pt的氧化或可恢复的催化剂污染； In step S3-1: when ΔR max =ΔR ct , it is determined that the main reason for the voltage drop of the stack (1) is the decrease in the catalyst activity of the cathode of the stack (1), that is, the oxidation of Pt or the recoverable Catalyst contamination;
    步骤S3-2中：所述控制器(8)根据所述ΔR max以调节所述散热组件或空气组件的运行，具体是所述控制器(8)对所述空气组件的空压机(5)发出停止指令，通过所述电堆(1)的阴极欠空气操作使阴极催化剂活性得到恢复。 In step S3-2: the controller (8) adjusts the operation of the heat dissipation component or the air component according to the ΔR max , specifically the controller (8) controls the air compressor (5) of the air component ) to issue a stop command, and the cathode catalyst activity is recovered through the cathode under-air operation of the electric stack (1).
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