CN113937330A - Fuel cell stack device with flooding prevention function and control method - Google Patents
Fuel cell stack device with flooding prevention function and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113937330A CN113937330A CN202111261750.0A CN202111261750A CN113937330A CN 113937330 A CN113937330 A CN 113937330A CN 202111261750 A CN202111261750 A CN 202111261750A CN 113937330 A CN113937330 A CN 113937330A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04634—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
- H01M8/04641—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04761—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell exhausts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell stack device, belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and solves the problems that an existing fuel cell stack is easy to flood and heat insulation is not obvious. The device comprises a front plastic end plate, a positive current collecting plate, a fuel cell stack, a negative current collecting plate, a rear plastic end plate, alternating current impedance measuring equipment and a controller. The front plastic end plate and the positive current collecting plate are sequentially arranged on the positive side of the fuel cell stack, and the negative current collecting plate and the rear plastic end plate are sequentially arranged on the negative side of the fuel cell stack. The controller is used for judging whether the fuel cell is flooded in real time according to the alternating current impedance of each single fuel cell; and if so, further adjusting the gas flow, the gas humidity and the tail exhaust gas discharge period entering the fuel cell stack according to the alternating current impedance and the output current of the fuel cell stack device until the water flooding phenomenon does not occur. The water flooding prevention function is realized, and the effects of light weight and low processing cost are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell stack device with a flooding prevention function and a control method.
Background
During the operation of the fuel cell stack, the single fuel cell at the head or the tail of the stack is easy to have the single low phenomenon that the single cell voltage is too low, and the single low phenomenon can cause shutdown when serious and cause irreversible damage to the stack.
In general, the conventional fuel cell stack generally adopts metal end plates, the single height of the end plates is probably caused by flooding, the flooding causes the blockage of a flow channel in a local range of the stack, liquid water covers the surface of a catalyst, hydrogen and air cannot effectively react with the catalyst, and the hydrogen and air are starved, so that the performance of the single fuel cell gradually deteriorates, the catalyst is corroded, and the reliability and the service life of the fuel cell stack are greatly influenced.
In order to solve the problem of condensate water due to large temperature difference of the end plate pieces, in the prior art, a layer of insulating plate is usually added between the current collecting plate and the end plate, and comprises a cathode insulating plate and an anode insulating plate. The insulating plate can play the insulating role, and also can play the heat insulating role. Although the insulating plate can relieve water logging to a certain extent, the insulating plate in the prior art is thin in thickness and limited in heat insulation effect, and after the insulating plate is added, the manufacturing cost of the galvanic pile is increased, so that the galvanic pile structure is more complex.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, embodiments of the present invention provide a fuel cell stack apparatus with a flood prevention function and a control method thereof, so as to solve the problems that the existing fuel cell stack is prone to flooding and has insignificant thermal insulation.
On one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a fuel cell stack device with a flooding prevention function, which comprises a front plastic end plate (1), an anode current collecting plate (2), a fuel cell group (7), a cathode current collecting plate (5), a rear plastic end plate (6), alternating current impedance measuring equipment and a controller, wherein the front plastic end plate is connected with the anode current collecting plate; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the front plastic end plate (1) and the anode current collecting plate (2) are sequentially arranged on the anode side of the fuel cell stack (7), and the cathode current collecting plate (5) and the rear plastic end plate (6) are sequentially arranged on the cathode side of the fuel cell stack (7); each electrode of the alternating-current impedance measuring equipment is respectively connected with a single-chip fuel cell in the fuel cell group (7), and the output end of the alternating-current impedance measuring equipment is connected with the input end of the controller;
the controller is used for judging whether the inside of the electric pile device is flooded or not in real time according to the alternating current impedance of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell group; and if so, further adjusting the gas flow, the gas humidity and the tail exhaust gas discharge period entering the fuel cell stack according to the alternating current impedance and the output current of the fuel cell stack device until the water flooding phenomenon does not occur.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are as follows: in order to relieve the flooding phenomenon in the prior art, the fuel cell stack device structurally replaces a metal end plate with a plastic end plate and cancels an insulating plate; and in procedure, a control scheme for preventing flooding is added. Because the thermal conductivity of the plastic is poor, the temperature difference between the end plate and the single fuel cell is reduced, and the occurrence of the flooding phenomenon can be effectively reduced. And the density of the plastic end plate is smaller than that of the metal end plate, so that the lightweight development of the galvanic pile is facilitated, and the energy density of the galvanic pile is improved. Through a large number of experiments, the thicker the plastic end plate is, the less frequent the plastic end plate is flooded with water. And the plastic end plate has lower cost and is easy to process, so that the cost of the galvanic pile can be reduced to a certain degree. The test result of the fuel cell stack device shows that the single low frequency of the end plate is obviously disappeared by combining the plastic end plate with the control scheme of preventing the water logging, the water logging phenomenon can be effectively improved, and the service life of the fuel cell stack device is obviously prolonged.
Based on the further improvement of the device, the fuel cell stack device also comprises a floating end plate (8), a spring set (9) and a sealed plastic shell which are connected in sequence; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the negative collector plate (5) is connected with the rear plastic end plate (6) sequentially through the floating end plate (8) and the spring group (9);
the front plastic end plate (1), the anode collector plate (2), the fuel cell stack (7), the cathode collector plate (5), the floating end plate (8), the spring set (9) and the rear plastic end plate (6) are all arranged inside the plastic shell;
the outer surface of the plastic shell is provided with an air inlet, a hydrogen inlet, a cooling liquid outlet, a hydrogen outlet and a tail gas discharge port.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: a floating end plate (8), a spring set (9) and a sealed plastic shell are added. The floating end plate (8) is a plate with the same shape and size as the rear plastic end plate (6), and the area between the floating end plate and the rear plastic end plate can play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation, so that gas condensation is prevented. The sealed plastic housing can further ensure the working stability of the internal equipment.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the plastic shell is also provided with a pile positive wiring port (3) and a pile negative wiring port (4); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the positive electrode wiring port (3) of the electric pile is connected with the positive electrode of the fuel battery pack (7);
the pile cathode wiring port (4) is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell stack (7);
and the pile positive wiring port (3) and the pile negative wiring port (4) are arranged on the same side of the plastic shell.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: after the positive electrode wiring port (3) and the negative electrode wiring port (4) of the stack are added, the fuel cell stack device is more convenient to use.
Furthermore, the front plastic end plate (1) and the rear plastic end plate (6) are made of at least one of epoxy resin, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic and Polyamide (PA) plastic, and the thickness of the front plastic end plate and the thickness of the rear plastic end plate are both 2-3 cm.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: preferred materials and dimensions for the plastic end plate are defined. The plastic has poor thermal conductivity, so that the temperature difference between the end plate and the single-chip fuel cell is reduced, and the occurrence of a flooding phenomenon can be effectively reduced. And the density of the plastic end plate is less than that of the metal plate, so that the lightweight development of the fuel cell stack is facilitated, the mass energy density of the fuel cell stack is improved, and the fuel cell stack device is low in manufacturing cost and easy to process.
Further, the fuel cell stack device also comprises a stack-entering air control device, a stack-entering hydrogen control device and a tail gas exhaust throttle valve; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the reactor-entering air control equipment further comprises an air compressor and a first air inlet throttle valve which are connected in sequence; the first air inlet throttle valve is arranged at the front end of the air inlet and is connected with the air inlet through a first air inlet pipeline;
the reactor hydrogen control equipment further comprises a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen injector and a gas inlet throttle valve II which are connected in sequence; the second air inlet valve is arranged at the front end of the hydrogen inlet and is connected with the hydrogen inlet through a second air inlet pipeline;
the input end of the tail gas exhaust air throttle is connected with the tail gas discharge port.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: after the reactor-entering air control equipment, the reactor-entering hydrogen control equipment and the tail exhaust air throttle are added, the flow, the pressure and the humidity of reactor-entering gas can be controlled more accurately. And, the discharge period of the stack air can be further controlled by adding a tail exhaust throttle valve.
Further, the fuel cell stack device further includes hydrogen circulation means;
and the input end of the hydrogen circulating equipment is connected with the hydrogen outlet, and the output end of the hydrogen circulating equipment is connected with the input end of the hydrogen ejector and used for extracting residual hydrogen in tail gas at the hydrogen outlet and discharging redundant moisture to supply the fuel cell stack device for power generation and reuse.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: after the hydrogen circulating equipment is added, fuel can be saved, the use efficiency of the fuel is improved, and the flooding phenomenon can be effectively relieved through water drainage.
Further, the fuel cell stack device also comprises a stack-entering cooling liquid control device; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the reactor cooling liquid control equipment further comprises a radiator and a water pump which are connected in sequence; wherein, the coolant outlet is connected with the coolant inlet through a water pump and a radiator.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: after the cooling liquid control equipment is added, the internal working temperature of the fuel cell stack device can be accurately controlled.
Furthermore, the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the first air inlet air throttle, the second air inlet air throttle, the tail air exhaust air throttle, the hydrogen circulation equipment and the control end of the radiator;
the controller further comprises the following components which are connected in sequence:
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the alternating current impedance value of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell group (7), the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the stack and the output current of the fuel cell stack device, and sending the alternating current impedance value, the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the stack and the output current of the fuel cell stack device to the data processing and control unit;
the data processing and control unit is used for judging whether the inside of the electric pile device is flooded in real time according to the alternating current impedance of all the single fuel cells in the fuel cell group; and if the water flooding phenomenon still occurs, controlling hydrogen circulation equipment and a radiator to enable the humidity of the hydrogen entering the stack and the temperature of the stack to change until the water flooding phenomenon does not occur.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: the structure of the controller and the functions of all the parts are further limited, and a more accurate flooding prevention control effect can be obtained.
Further, the data acquisition unit further comprises a temperature sensor and a current sensor; the temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the positions of the outlets of the cooling liquid; the current sensor is connected with the power supply end of the fuel cell stack (7);
the data processing and control unit executes the following programs:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining alternating current impedances of all single fuel cells in a fuel cell group at the current moment in a timing mode;
comparing the alternating current impedance of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell group with a preset threshold value respectively, and judging whether the inside of the electric pile device is flooded or not; if the alternating current impedance of any single fuel cell exceeds a preset threshold value, judging that a flooding phenomenon occurs, and executing the next step; otherwise, judging that the water logging phenomenon does not occur, and directly outputting the result that the water logging phenomenon does not occur to the fuel cell stack device;
acquiring real-time output current of a fuel cell stack device;
identifying the amplitude and the phase of the real-time output current and the amplitude and the phase of the alternating-current impedance, and respectively inputting the amplitude and the phase of the real-time output current and the amplitude and the phase of the alternating-current impedance into a deep learning neural network trained in advance to obtain the air flow, the hydrogen flow and the tail gas exhaust emission period entering the fuel cell stack as respective optimized values;
controlling the opening degree of a first air inlet throttle valve and a second air inlet throttle valve according to the air flow and the hydrogen flow entering the fuel cell stack, and controlling the opening frequency of a tail air exhaust throttle valve according to the tail air exhaust emission period to enable the opening frequency to reach respective optimized values;
monitoring the real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device, and judging whether the inside of the stack device is flooded again after the real-time output current is stable; if the flooding phenomenon still occurs, controlling the water discharge amount of the hydrogen circulating equipment and the temperature of the radiator to reduce the humidity of the hydrogen entering the pile and increase the temperature of the galvanic pile until the flooding phenomenon does not occur;
outputting the solved result of the flooding phenomenon of the fuel cell stack device.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: under the condition of flooding, the opening period of the tail exhaust air throttle and the opening degrees of the first air intake air throttle and the second air intake air throttle are accurately adjusted, so that the flooding prevention function is realized.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a control method of a fuel cell stack device with a flooding prevention function, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining alternating current impedances of all single fuel cells in a fuel cell group at the current moment in a timing mode;
judging whether the inside of the electric pile device is flooded or not in real time according to the alternating current impedance of all the single fuel cells;
if so, acquiring real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device, adjusting the air flow, gas humidity and tail exhaust emission period entering the fuel cell stack according to the alternating current impedance and the real-time output current, judging again until the flooding phenomenon does not occur, and outputting the solved result of the flooding phenomenon occurring in the fuel cell stack device;
if not, outputting the result that the fuel cell stack device is not flooded.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: in order to relieve the flooding phenomenon in the prior art, the method adopts a flooding-proof control scheme. Test results show that after the plastic end plate is combined with the control scheme for preventing the water logging, the single low frequency of the end plate obviously disappears, the water logging phenomenon can be effectively improved, and the service life of the fuel cell stack device is obviously prolonged.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the disclosure.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the main structure of a fuel cell stack device with a flood prevention function in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the main structure of a fuel cell stack device with a flood prevention function according to example 2;
fig. 3 shows a schematic circuit connection diagram of the fuel cell stack device with the flooding prevention function of embodiment 2.
Reference numerals:
1-front plastic end plate; 2-positive collector plate; 3-a positive electrode wiring port of the galvanic pile; 4-a galvanic pile cathode wiring port; 5-negative current collector; 6-rear plastic end plate; 7-a fuel cell stack; 8-floating end plate; 9-spring set.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "include" and variations thereof as used herein is meant to be inclusive in an open-ended manner, i.e., "including but not limited to". Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "or" means "and/or". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment". The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
Example 1
The invention discloses a fuel cell stack device with a water flooding prevention function, which comprises a front plastic end plate 1, an anode current collecting plate 2, a fuel cell stack 7, a cathode current collecting plate 5 and a rear plastic end plate 6, and further comprises alternating current impedance measuring equipment and a controller, as shown in figure 1.
The fuel cell stack 7 includes a plurality of single fuel cells connected in series.
The front plastic end plate 1 and the positive current collecting plate 2 are sequentially arranged on the positive side of the fuel cell stack 7, and the negative current collecting plate 5 and the rear plastic end plate 6 are sequentially arranged on the negative side of the fuel cell stack 7.
The electrodes of the ac impedance measuring device are connected to one single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 7, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the controller.
The controller is used for judging whether the inside of the electric pile device is flooded or not in real time according to the alternating current impedance of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell group 7; and if so, further adjusting the gas flow, the gas humidity and the tail exhaust gas discharge period entering the fuel cell stack according to the alternating current impedance and the output current of the fuel cell stack device until the water flooding phenomenon does not occur.
Alternatively, as for a method for determining whether the water flooding phenomenon occurs inside the stack device, see patent CN201811520455.0, or the method in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Alternatively, most learning networks in the prior art can be used to obtain the gas flow, gas humidity, tail exhaust emission period into the fuel cell stack. Different characteristic data can be extracted as input data according to requirements, and the gas flow, the gas humidity and the tail exhaust emission period entering the fuel cell stack are used as output data. As for the training method, input data and output data calibrated in advance are used for training, and those skilled in the art can understand that the method is not particularly limited.
Alternatively, the ac impedance measuring device may be an existing device, for example, see CN201110340568.4, or may be obtained by an impedance calculation formula using a stack monolithic voltage monitor in combination with a current sensor provided at the power supply terminal of the fuel cell stack 7.
And the electric pile single-chip voltage monitor is used for collecting the voltage of each single-chip fuel cell and sending the voltage to the controller. See, for example, patent cn201711206252. x.
Compared with the prior art, in order to relieve the flooding phenomenon in the prior art, the device provided by the embodiment structurally replaces a metal end plate with a plastic end plate and cancels an insulating plate; and in procedure, a control scheme for preventing flooding is added. Because the thermal conductivity of the plastic is poor, the temperature difference between the end plate and the single fuel cell is reduced, and the occurrence of the flooding phenomenon can be effectively reduced. And the density of the plastic end plate is smaller than that of the metal end plate, so that the lightweight development of the galvanic pile is facilitated, and the energy density of the galvanic pile is improved. Through a large number of experiments, the thicker the plastic end plate is, the less frequent the plastic end plate is flooded with water. And the plastic end plate has lower cost and is easy to process, so that the cost of the galvanic pile can be reduced to a certain degree. The test results of the fuel cell stack device show that the single low frequency of the end plate obviously disappears when the plastic end plate is combined with the fuel cell stack device adopting the control scheme for preventing the water logging, so that the water logging phenomenon can be effectively improved, and the service life of the fuel cell stack device is obviously prolonged.
Example 2
Based on the improvement of embodiment 1, the material of the front plastic end plate 1 and the rear plastic end plate 6 can adopt one of epoxy resin material, ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) plastic and PA (polyamide) plastic. The thickness is 2-3 cm.
Preferably, when the front plastic end plate 1 and the rear plastic end plate 6 are made of epoxy resin materials, the thickness is 2 cm; adopting an epoxy resin material, wherein the thickness is 2.5 cm; PA (polyamide) material was used, with a thickness of 2.5 cm.
Preferably, the fuel cell stack device further comprises a floating end plate 8, a spring pack 9, as shown in fig. 2, and a sealed plastic housing, which are connected in sequence. The floating end plate 8 and the spring group 9 are arranged between the negative current collecting plate 5 and the rear plastic end plate 6; negative current collecting plate 5 is connected to rear plastic end plate 6 sequentially via floating end plate 8 and spring group 9. The floating end plate 8 is a plate with the same shape and size as the rear plastic end plate 6, and the area between the floating end plate and the rear plastic end plate can play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation, so that gas condensation is prevented.
Preferably, the front plastic end plate 1, the positive current collecting plate 2, the fuel cell stack 7, the negative current collecting plate 5, the floating end plate 8, the spring stack 9, and the rear plastic end plate 6 are all disposed inside the plastic housing. The outer surface of the plastic shell is provided with an air inlet, a hydrogen inlet, a cooling liquid outlet, a hydrogen outlet and a tail gas discharge port.
Preferably, the outer surface of the plastic shell is also arranged at a pile positive wiring port 3 and a pile negative wiring port 4; wherein, the positive electrode wiring port 3 of the electric pile is connected with the positive electrode of the fuel battery pack 7; the pile cathode wiring port 4 is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell group 7; the positive electrode wiring port 3 and the negative electrode wiring port 4 of the pile are arranged on the same side of the plastic shell.
Preferably, the fuel cell stack device further comprises a stack-in air control device, a stack-in hydrogen control device and a tail gas exhaust throttle valve. The input end of the tail gas exhaust throttle valve is connected with a tail gas exhaust port of the electric pile device; the reactor-entering air control equipment further comprises an air compressor and a first air inlet throttle valve which are sequentially connected. The first air inlet throttle valve is arranged at the front end of the air inlet and is connected with the air inlet through the first air inlet pipeline. The reactor hydrogen control equipment further comprises a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen injector and a gas inlet throttle valve II which are connected in sequence; and the second air inlet valve is arranged at the front end of the hydrogen inlet and is connected with the hydrogen inlet through a second air inlet pipeline.
Preferably, the fuel cell stack device further includes a hydrogen circulation device.
And the input end of the hydrogen circulating equipment is connected with the hydrogen outlet, and the output end of the hydrogen circulating equipment is connected with the input end of the hydrogen ejector and used for extracting residual hydrogen in tail gas at the hydrogen outlet and discharging redundant moisture to be used again for power generation of the fuel cell stack device. Preferably, the hydrogen recycling device can adopt a water separator and a hydrogen recovery device which are connected in sequence (for example, see patent CN 202021274967.6).
Preferably, the fuel cell stack apparatus includes a stack-entering coolant control device. The reactor-entering cooling liquid control equipment further comprises a radiator and a water pump which are connected in sequence; wherein, the coolant outlet of the galvanic pile is connected with the coolant inlet of the galvanic pile through a water pump and a radiator.
Preferably, the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the control ends of the first air inlet throttle valve, the second air inlet throttle valve and the tail air exhaust throttle valve.
Preferably, the controller comprises a data acquisition unit and a data processing and control unit which are connected in sequence.
And the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the alternating current impedance value of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 7, the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the stack and the output current of the fuel cell stack device, and sending the alternating current impedance value, the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the stack and the output current of the fuel cell stack device to the data processing and control unit.
The data processing and control unit is used for judging whether the inside of the electric pile device is flooded in real time according to the alternating current impedance of all the single fuel cells in the fuel cell group; and if the water flooding phenomenon still occurs, controlling hydrogen circulation equipment and a radiator to enable the humidity of the hydrogen entering the stack and the temperature of the stack to change until the water flooding phenomenon does not occur.
Preferably, the data acquisition unit further comprises a temperature sensor and a power sensor. Wherein, temperature sensor sets up respectively in coolant liquid entry, coolant liquid exit position. The power sensor is connected to the power supply terminal of the fuel cell stack 7. Method for producing a composite material
Preferably, the fuel cell stack arrangement comprises a DC-DC converter connected to the power supply of the fuel cell stack 7, as shown in fig. 3. The DC-DC converter comprises more than one direct current output port.
Preferably, the data processing and control unit executes the following program:
SS1, acquiring the AC impedance of all single fuel cells in the fuel cell group at the current time in a timing manner;
SS2, comparing the AC impedance of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell group with the preset threshold value, judging whether the inside of the electric pile device is flooded; if the alternating current impedance of any single fuel cell exceeds a preset threshold value, judging that a flooding phenomenon occurs, and executing the next step; otherwise, judging that the water logging phenomenon does not occur, and directly outputting the result that the water logging phenomenon does not occur to the fuel cell stack device;
SS3, obtaining the real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device;
SS4, identifying the amplitude and phase of the real-time output current and the amplitude and phase of the alternating current impedance, respectively inputting the amplitude and phase of the real-time output current and the amplitude and phase of the alternating current impedance into a deep learning neural network trained in advance, and obtaining the air flow, the hydrogen flow and the tail gas exhaust period entering the fuel cell stack as respective optimized values;
SS4, controlling the opening degree of the first and second air inlet air throttle according to the air flow and hydrogen flow entering the fuel battery, and controlling the opening frequency of the tail air exhaust air throttle according to the tail air exhaust discharge period to reach respective optimized value;
SS5, monitoring the real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device, and judging whether the inside of the stack device is flooded again after the real-time output current is stable; if the flooding phenomenon still occurs, controlling the water discharge amount of the hydrogen circulating equipment and the temperature of the radiator to reduce the humidity of the hydrogen entering the pile and increase the temperature of the galvanic pile until the flooding phenomenon does not occur;
and SS6, outputting the solved result of the flooding phenomenon of the fuel cell stack device.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the device provided by the embodiment is additionally provided with the floating end plate 8, the spring group 9, the tail exhaust air throttle, the pile-entering air control device, the pile-entering hydrogen control device, the pile-entering cooling liquid control device and the controller, and can further realize the water flooding prevention function by adjusting the opening degrees of the tail exhaust air throttle and the air inlet air throttle I and the air inlet air throttle II under the condition of water flooding, so that the service life of the fuel cell pile device is effectively prolonged.
Example 3
Another embodiment of the present invention also discloses a method for controlling the fuel cell stack device according to the above embodiments 1 and 2, comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring the AC impedance of all single fuel cells in the fuel cell group at the current moment in a timing manner;
s2, judging whether the inside of the electric pile device is flooded in real time according to the alternating current impedance of all the single fuel cells;
s3, if so, acquiring the real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device, adjusting the air flow, the gas humidity and the tail exhaust emission period entering the fuel cell stack according to the alternating current impedance and the real-time output current, judging again until the flooding phenomenon does not occur, and outputting the solved result of the flooding phenomenon occurring in the fuel cell stack device;
and S4, if not, outputting the result that the fuel cell stack device is not flooded.
Compared with the prior art, in order to alleviate the flooding phenomenon in the prior art, the embodiment adopts a flooding-proof control scheme. Test results show that after the plastic end plate is combined with the control scheme for preventing the water logging, the single low frequency of the end plate obviously disappears, the water logging phenomenon can be effectively improved, and the service life of the fuel cell stack device is obviously prolonged.
Having described embodiments of the present disclosure, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the prior art, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell stack device with a flooding prevention function is characterized by comprising a front plastic end plate (1), an anode current collecting plate (2), a fuel cell group (7), a cathode current collecting plate (5), a rear plastic end plate (6), alternating current impedance measuring equipment and a controller; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the front plastic end plate (1) and the anode current collecting plate (2) are sequentially arranged on the anode side of the fuel cell stack (7), and the cathode current collecting plate (5) and the rear plastic end plate (6) are sequentially arranged on the cathode side of the fuel cell stack (7); each electrode of the alternating-current impedance measuring equipment is respectively connected with a single-chip fuel cell in the fuel cell group (7), and the output end of the alternating-current impedance measuring equipment is connected with the input end of the controller;
the controller is used for judging whether the inside of the electric pile device is flooded or not in real time according to the alternating current impedance of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell group; and if so, further adjusting the gas flow, the gas humidity and the tail exhaust gas discharge period entering the fuel cell stack according to the alternating current impedance and the output current of the fuel cell stack device until the water flooding phenomenon does not occur.
2. The fuel cell stack device with the flooding preventing function according to claim 1, further comprising a floating end plate (8), a spring set (9), and a sealed plastic housing, which are connected in sequence; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the negative collector plate (5) is connected with the rear plastic end plate (6) sequentially through the floating end plate (8) and the spring group (9);
the front plastic end plate (1), the anode collector plate (2), the fuel cell stack (7), the cathode collector plate (5), the floating end plate (8), the spring set (9) and the rear plastic end plate (6) are all arranged inside the plastic shell;
the outer surface of the plastic shell is provided with an air inlet, a hydrogen inlet, a cooling liquid outlet, a hydrogen outlet and a tail gas discharge port.
3. The fuel cell stack device with the flooding preventing function according to claim 2, wherein the outer surface of the plastic housing is further provided with a stack positive terminal port (3) and a stack negative terminal port (4); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the positive electrode wiring port (3) of the electric pile is connected with the positive electrode of the fuel battery pack (7);
the pile cathode wiring port (4) is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell stack (7);
and the pile positive wiring port (3) and the pile negative wiring port (4) are arranged on the same side of the plastic shell.
4. The fuel cell stack device with the flooding preventing function according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the front plastic end plate (1) and the rear plastic end plate (6) are made of at least one of epoxy resin, ABS plastic and PA plastic, and the thickness of each plastic end plate is 2-3 cm.
5. The fuel cell stack apparatus with the flooding prevention function according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a stack-in air control device, a stack-in hydrogen control device and a tail gas exhaust damper; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the reactor-entering air control equipment further comprises an air compressor and a first air inlet throttle valve which are connected in sequence; the first air inlet throttle valve is arranged at the front end of the air inlet and is connected with the air inlet through a first air inlet pipeline;
the reactor hydrogen control equipment further comprises a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen injector and a gas inlet throttle valve II which are connected in sequence; the second air inlet valve is arranged at the front end of the hydrogen inlet and is connected with the hydrogen inlet through a second air inlet pipeline;
the input end of the tail gas exhaust air throttle is connected with the tail gas discharge port.
6. The fuel cell stack apparatus having a flooding prevention function according to claim 5, further comprising hydrogen gas circulation means;
and the input end of the hydrogen circulating equipment is connected with the hydrogen outlet, and the output end of the hydrogen circulating equipment is connected with the input end of the hydrogen ejector and used for extracting residual hydrogen in tail gas at the hydrogen outlet and discharging redundant moisture to supply the fuel cell stack device for power generation and reuse.
7. The fuel cell stack apparatus having a flooding prevention function according to claim 6, further comprising a stack-entering coolant control device; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the reactor cooling liquid control equipment further comprises a radiator and a water pump which are connected in sequence; wherein, the coolant outlet is connected with the coolant inlet through a water pump and a radiator.
8. The fuel cell stack apparatus with flooding prevention function of claim 7, wherein the output terminals of said controller are connected to the control terminals of the inlet throttle valve I, the inlet throttle valve II, the exhaust throttle valve II, the hydrogen gas circulation device, and the radiator, respectively;
the controller further comprises the following components which are connected in sequence:
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the alternating current impedance value of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell group (7), the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the stack and the output current of the fuel cell stack device, and sending the alternating current impedance value, the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the stack and the output current of the fuel cell stack device to the data processing and control unit;
the data processing and control unit is used for judging whether the inside of the electric pile device is flooded in real time according to the alternating current impedance of all the single fuel cells in the fuel cell group; and if the water flooding phenomenon still occurs, controlling hydrogen circulation equipment and a radiator to enable the humidity of the hydrogen entering the stack and the temperature of the stack to change until the water flooding phenomenon does not occur.
9. The fuel cell stack device with the flooding prevention function of claim 8, wherein the data acquisition unit further comprises a temperature sensor, a current sensor; the temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the positions of the outlets of the cooling liquid; the current sensor is connected with the power supply end of the fuel cell stack (7);
the data processing and control unit executes the following programs:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining alternating current impedances of all single fuel cells in a fuel cell group at the current moment in a timing mode;
comparing the alternating current impedance of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell group with a preset threshold value respectively, and judging whether the inside of the electric pile device is flooded or not; if the alternating current impedance of any single fuel cell exceeds a preset threshold value, judging that a flooding phenomenon occurs, and executing the next step; otherwise, judging that the water logging phenomenon does not occur, and directly outputting the result that the water logging phenomenon does not occur to the fuel cell stack device;
acquiring real-time output current of a fuel cell stack device;
identifying the amplitude and the phase of the real-time output current and the amplitude and the phase of the alternating-current impedance, and respectively inputting the amplitude and the phase of the real-time output current and the amplitude and the phase of the alternating-current impedance into a deep learning neural network trained in advance to obtain the air flow, the hydrogen flow and the tail gas exhaust emission period entering the fuel cell stack as respective optimized values;
controlling the opening degree of a first air inlet throttle valve and a second air inlet throttle valve according to the air flow and the hydrogen flow entering the fuel cell stack, and controlling the opening frequency of a tail air exhaust throttle valve according to the tail air exhaust emission period to enable the opening frequency to reach respective optimized values;
monitoring the real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device, and judging whether the inside of the stack device is flooded again after the real-time output current is stable; if the flooding phenomenon still occurs, controlling the water discharge amount of the hydrogen circulating equipment and the temperature of the radiator to reduce the humidity of the hydrogen entering the pile and increase the temperature of the galvanic pile until the flooding phenomenon does not occur;
outputting the solved result of the flooding phenomenon of the fuel cell stack device.
10. A control method of a fuel cell stack apparatus having a flooding prevention function according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining alternating current impedances of all single fuel cells in a fuel cell group at the current moment in a timing mode;
judging whether the inside of the electric pile device is flooded or not in real time according to the alternating current impedance of all the single fuel cells;
if so, acquiring real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device, adjusting the air flow, gas humidity and tail exhaust emission period entering the fuel cell stack according to the alternating current impedance and the real-time output current, judging again until the flooding phenomenon does not occur, and outputting the solved result of the flooding phenomenon occurring in the fuel cell stack device;
if not, outputting the result that the fuel cell stack device is not flooded.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114566677A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-31 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell control system and control method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114566677A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-31 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell control system and control method thereof |
| CN114566677B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2023-06-02 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell control system and control method thereof |
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