CN110165253B - Method and system for monitoring running state of PEM (proton exchange membrane) galvanic pile - Google Patents
Method and system for monitoring running state of PEM (proton exchange membrane) galvanic pile Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for monitoring the running state of a PEM (proton exchange membrane) galvanic pile, wherein the system comprises the PEM galvanic pile, a flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device, a computer and a cell internal resistance monitoring device; wherein: the flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device is used for monitoring the inlet-outlet pressure difference of the cathode flow field plate in real time; the battery internal resistance monitoring device is used for monitoring the internal resistance of the single battery; the computer is connected with the flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device and the battery internal resistance monitoring device; in the running process of the PEM electric pile, a flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device and a cell internal resistance monitoring device transmit acquired differential pressure and internal resistance data signals to a computer, and the computer judges the running state of the PEM electric pile, including normal state, partial dryness and water flooding; and adjusts the operating conditions by feeding back the results to optimize the stack operating conditions. The invention can accurately judge the working state of the PEM galvanic pile, adjust the working state of the PEM galvanic pile and effectively optimize the running state of the PEM galvanic pile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, in particular to a method and a system for monitoring the running state of a PEM (proton exchange membrane) galvanic pile.
Background
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are rapidly becoming marketable as a novel energy power generation device, but still have a plurality of problems of insufficient durability, high cost and the like to be solved urgently. Key materials and parts such as catalysts, Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs), bipolar plates, etc. are major factors affecting basic electrical properties and durability, and thus, much effort has been put into relevant research. In the running process of the PEM electric pile, a water-logging state or a partial-dry state can occur due to the operating conditions, and the conditions can cause certain damage to parts inside the electric pile, so that a novel monitoring method and a novel monitoring system are provided for monitoring the running state of the electric pile and timely improving the operating conditions to optimize the running state of the electric pile.
The flow field plate pressure drop calculation method is characterized in that a two-phase flow calculation model with comprehensive flow field plate pressure drop is established on the basis of preliminary exploration on related problems of flow field plate pressure drop calculation, and the method combines transmission of cathode and anode water in a PEM cell, considers influences of physical factors such as viscosity and density of mixed gas in a flow channel, geometric factors of a bipolar plate flow channel and cell clamping factors, and has reference significance on design and operation management of the PEM cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method and a system for monitoring the running state of a PEM (proton exchange membrane) galvanic pile aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a system for monitoring the running state of a PEM (proton exchange membrane) galvanic pile, which comprises a PEM galvanic pile, a flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device, a computer and a cell internal resistance monitoring device, wherein the PEM galvanic pile is connected with the flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device; wherein:
a cathode flow field plate and a cathode and an anode of the single-chip cell are arranged on the PEM galvanic pile, and a flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device is connected with an inlet and an outlet of a cathode flow field plate of the PEM galvanic pile and is used for monitoring the pressure difference of the inlet and the outlet of the cathode flow field plate in real time;
the cell internal resistance monitoring device is respectively connected with two ends of the cathode and the anode of the single cell in the PEM galvanic pile and is used for monitoring the internal resistance of the single cell;
the computer is connected with the flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device and the battery internal resistance monitoring device; in the running process of the PEM electric pile, a flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device and a cell internal resistance monitoring device transmit acquired differential pressure and internal resistance data signals to a computer, and the computer judges the running state of the PEM electric pile, including normal state, partial dryness and water flooding; and adjusts the operating conditions by feeding back the results to optimize the stack operating conditions.
Furthermore, the gas pressure monitoring device of the flow field plate comprises an inlet and outlet differential pressure sensor which is used for monitoring the inlet and outlet differential pressure of the cathode flow field plate.
Furthermore, the PEM electric pile is provided with a cooling liquid inlet, a cooling liquid outlet, a hydrogen flow channel and an air flow channel.
Further, when the computer judges the running state of the PEM galvanic pile, when the voltage drop and the internal resistance value are both in the threshold range, the computer judges that the PEM galvanic pile is in a normal state; when the voltage drop is in the threshold range and the internal resistance value is larger than the upper limit of the threshold range, judging the state of the partial dry; and when the pressure drop is larger than the upper limit of the threshold range and the internal resistance value is smaller than the lower limit of the threshold range, judging that the water logging state is realized.
The invention provides a method for monitoring the running state of a PEM (proton exchange membrane) galvanic pile, which comprises the following steps:
step one, in the running process of a PEM (proton exchange membrane) galvanic pile, monitoring the pressure difference of an inlet and an outlet of a cathode flow field plate in real time through a flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device, monitoring the internal resistance of a single cell of the PEM galvanic pile through a cell internal resistance monitoring device, and sending the acquired monitoring data to a computer;
step two, performing analog calculation of inlet and outlet pressure difference: judging whether the flow state in the flow passage belongs to single-phase flow or multiphase flow according to the flow rates of the gas and the liquid water in the flow passage; if the flow state belongs to multi-phase flow, judging that the state is mist flow, film flow or plug flow; the flow state of the atomized flow belongs to single-phase flow, the film-shaped flow and the plug flow belong to a separation flow model, and the pressure difference is calculated according to the corresponding fluid dynamics model;
correcting influences caused by three factors, namely density and viscosity of mixed gas, local pressure loss caused by a runner structure and runner sectional area change caused by clamping force;
step four, comparing the pressure difference value obtained by simulation calculation with an experimental value according to the pressure difference and the internal resistance value to judge the running state of the PEM (proton exchange membrane) galvanic pile in the running process, including normal, partial dry and flooding; when the voltage drop and the internal resistance value are both in the threshold range, judging the state to be normal; when the voltage drop is in the threshold range and the internal resistance value is larger than the upper limit of the threshold range, judging the state of the partial dry; when the pressure drop is larger than the upper limit of the threshold range and the internal resistance value is smaller than the lower limit of the threshold range, the water logging state is judged; the computer feeds the results of the monitoring back to the test system and changes the operating conditions to optimize PEM stack performance.
Further, the method for correcting the influence of the density and the viscosity of the mixed gas in the third step of the invention comprises the following steps:
when the PEM galvanic pile operates, gas in a cathode flow passage comprises air and water vapor, an anode flow passage comprises hydrogen and water vapor, and the physical properties of the density and the viscosity of the hydrogen and water vapor are formed according to the component proportion and change due to the operation condition, so that the flow rate and the pressure drop are influenced; considering the cathode side air flow, the density and viscosity of the mixed gas are calculated by the following formulas:
wherein:
viscosity of the mixed gas:
μda＝(17.2+4.81×10-2t-4×10-6t2)×10-6
μv＝(8.022+4.01×10-2t-8×10-7t2)×10-6
wherein p isaIs the pressure of dry air; t unit is K, T, and T unit is the temperature of the mixed gas at the temperature; psatIs the saturated vapor pressure of the water vapor; pmaThe pressure is the atmospheric pressure,
is the relative humidity% of the mixed gas, Ps(t)Is the saturated water vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature t/DEG C, d is the moisture content, RdaIs the gas constant of dry air, muda、μvThe kinematic viscosities of dry air and water vapor, respectively.
Further, the method for correcting the influence of the local pressure loss caused by the flow channel structure in the third step of the invention comprises the following steps:
the local pressure loss in the flow channels of the PEM galvanic pile flow field is calculated by the following formula:
wherein, the average flow speed of the v flow channel and xi are local resistance coefficients of the part.
Further, the method for correcting the influence of the change of the cross-sectional area of the runner caused by the clamping force in the third step of the invention comprises the following steps:
MEA is deformed due to uneven stress after PEM electric stacking, MEA invades into the flow channel, the cross section of the flow channel is reduced, the flow velocity of fluid is increased, the flow resistance is increased, and the effective cross section area is A due to MEA invasion into the flow channel caused by clampingc', then the actual flow rate is:
wherein N is the number of flow channels; rhoH2OIs the density of water; a. thec' is the cross-sectional area of the flow channel, mH2O-liqThe amount of liquid water in the flow channel.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: compared with the prior art for theoretically calculating the pressure drop of a flow field of a PEM battery flow field plate, the method and the system for monitoring the running state of the PEM electric pile almost do not consider factors of two-phase flow, so that the calculation of the pressure drop is far from an actual result.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a PEM stack operating condition monitoring system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a PEM stack operating condition monitoring method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an air flow field diagram of a PEMFC metallic bipolar plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a PEM cell stack; 2-flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device; 3-a computer; 4-a battery internal resistance monitoring device; 5-cooling liquid inlet; 6-cooling liquid outlet; 7-a hydrogen gas flow channel; 8-air flow channel.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the system for monitoring the operating state of the PEM cell stack according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a PEM cell stack, a flow field plate gas pressure monitor, a cell internal resistance monitor, a computer, and the like. In the running process of the PEM pile, the inlet pressure difference of a single flow field plate is obtained through a flow field plate gas pressure monitor, the internal resistance of a single cell is collected through a cell internal resistance monitor, the collected data signals are transmitted to a computer, and then the computer judges the running state (normal, partially dry and submerged) of the PEM pile in the running process according to the collected pressure drop and internal resistance value; when the inside of the battery is in a water-covered state, the pressure drop value thereof increases, and the internal resistance thereof decreases. These conditions can have some impact on battery performance. And the computer feeds back the result obtained by monitoring to the test system, and changes the operating conditions to optimize the performance of the galvanic pile.
A model for the calculation of pressure drop in the monitoring method is shown in fig. 2. The design condition of the PEM cell flow field plate is mainly considered under the rated condition of steady-state operation, so the pressure drop caused by acceleration is negligible. For gravity-induced pressure drop, the gravity-induced pressure drop can also be corrected, assuming that the inclination angle is θ. The flow state of the two-phase flow in the PEM fuel cell flow channel can be divided into plug flow, film flow and mist flow, and is mainly influenced by the speed of reaction gas and the flow speed of liquid water.
The reaction gas speed is mainly influenced by three factors of mixed gas physical property, a flow channel structure and battery clamping:
(1) regarding the physical properties of the mixed gas, the gas in the cathode flow channel is air, water vapor and the like when the PEM cell operates, the gas in the anode flow channel is hydrogen, water vapor and the like, the physical properties such as viscosity and the like are formed according to the component proportion and change according to the operating conditions, so the flow rate and the pressure drop are influenced;
when the PEM cell is operated, the gas in the cathode flow channel is air, water vapor and the like, the gas in the anode flow channel is hydrogen, water vapor and the like, the physical properties of the viscosity and the like are formed according to the component proportion, and the flow rate and the pressure drop are influenced because the physical properties are changed due to the operation condition. Cathode side air flow is primarily considered herein. The density and viscosity of the mixed gas can be calculated by the following formulas:
wherein:
viscosity of the mixed gas:
μda＝(17.2+4.81×10-2t-4×10-6t2)×10-6[kg/(m·s)]
μv＝(8.022+4.01×10-2t-8×10-7t2)×10-6[kg/(m·s)]
wherein p isaIs the pressure of dry air; t unit is K, T, and T unit is the temperature of the mixed gas at the temperature; psatIs the saturated vapor pressure of the water vapor; pmaThe pressure is the atmospheric pressure,
is the relative humidity% of the mixed gas, Ps(t)Is the saturated water vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature t/DEG C, d is the moisture content, RdaIs the gas constant of dry air, muda、μvThe kinematic viscosities of dry air and water vapor, respectively.
(2) With respect to the flow channel structure, the PEM cell flow field flow channels may include constant cross-section straight flow segments, which cause on-way flow resistance, and bends, variable cross-section locations, etc., which cause local pressure losses;
PEM cell flow field channels may include constant cross section straight flow segments that cause on-way flow resistance, and bends, variable cross sections, etc., that cause localized pressure losses. To simplify the problem, the local pressure loss in the flow channels of the PEM thermopile flow field is calculated as follows:
wherein, the average flow speed of the v flow channel and xi are local resistance coefficients of the part.
(3) Regarding cell clamping, after the cell is assembled, the MEA deforms due to uneven stress, the MEA invades into the flow channel, the cross section of the flow channel is reduced, the flow velocity of fluid is increased, and the flow resistance can be obviously increased. MEA is deformed due to uneven stress after PEM electric stacking, MEA invades into the flow channel, the cross section of the flow channel is reduced, the flow velocity of fluid is increased, the flow resistance is increased, and the effective cross section area is A due to MEA invasion into the flow channel caused by clampingc', then the actual flow rate is:
wherein N is the number of flow channels; rhoH2OIs a seal of waterDegree; a. thec' is the cross-sectional area of the flow channel, mH2O-liqThe amount of liquid water in the flow channel.
Example 1 validation of two-phase flow model
The embodiment of the invention develops a 25kW metal plate electric pile and designs a flow field plate. The basic structure of the flow field is shown in FIG. 3, the active area is 280cm2, the depth of the flow channel is 0.4mm, the width is 1mm, and the length is 300 mm; the cell operating temperature was 75 ℃ without back pressure. Performing flow field simulation by using CFD software to obtain a single-phase flow pressure drop value; calculating to obtain flow field pressure drop under a plurality of working conditions by using the model; the actual measured values of the flow field pressure drop were obtained from experiments conducted on Greenlight G500 using 10 sheet metal cells in a short stack and are summarized in table 1.
Meter 125 kW galvanic pile flow field plate flow resistance simulation-test data comparison
The embodiment of the invention carries out flow field plate auxiliary design for the research and development of a certain company galvanic pile, a 5kW galvanic pile is assembled in advance for carrying out basic performance test, and the obtained measured value of the pressure drop of the flow field and the calculated value of a model are summarized as shown in Table 2.
Meter 25kW galvanic pile flow field plate flow resistance simulation-test data comparison
The data in tables 1 and 2 show that the pressure drop calculated by air of single-phase flow has more difference with the measured value and larger error; the corrected pressure drop of the flow field plate is close to the measured value by using proper model calculation. Influence factors are extremely complex in the actual operation process of the galvanic pile, water blocking of a flow channel can be caused, and the actually measured pressure drop value fluctuates, so that accurate calculation of the pressure drop in the flow field plate design process is very difficult. The model established by the method is used for calculating the flow field pressure drop under the working conditions determined by idling, rated speed and the like, and is feasible in engineering application.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A PEM galvanic pile running state monitoring method is characterized in that a PEM galvanic pile running state monitoring system is adopted, and the system comprises a PEM galvanic pile (1), a flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device (2), a computer (3) and a cell internal resistance monitoring device (4); wherein:
a cathode flow field plate and a cathode and an anode of a single-chip cell are arranged on the PEM (1), and a flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device (2) is connected with an inlet and an outlet of a cathode flow field plate of the PEM (1) and is used for monitoring the pressure difference of the inlet and the outlet of the cathode flow field plate in real time;
the cell internal resistance monitoring device (4) is respectively connected with two ends of the cathode and the anode of the single cell in the PEM (proton exchange membrane) galvanic pile (1) and is used for monitoring the internal resistance of the single cell;
the computer (3) is connected with the flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device (2) and the battery internal resistance monitoring device (4); in the operation process of the PEM electric pile (1), a flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device (2) and a cell internal resistance monitoring device (4) transmit acquired differential pressure and internal resistance data signals to a computer (3), and the computer (3) judges the operation state of the PEM electric pile (1), including normal state, partial dry state and flooding state; and adjusting the operating conditions by feeding back the results to optimize the operating conditions of the stack;
the method comprises the following steps:
step one, in the running process of a PEM (proton exchange membrane) galvanic pile, monitoring the pressure difference of an inlet and an outlet of a cathode flow field plate in real time through a flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device, monitoring the internal resistance of a single cell of the PEM galvanic pile through a cell internal resistance monitoring device, and sending the acquired monitoring data to a computer;
step two, performing analog calculation of inlet and outlet pressure difference: judging whether the flow state in the flow passage belongs to single-phase flow or multiphase flow according to the flow rates of the gas and the liquid water in the flow passage; if the flow state belongs to multi-phase flow, judging that the state is mist flow, film flow or plug flow; the flow state of the atomized flow belongs to single-phase flow, the film-shaped flow and the plug flow belong to a separation flow model, and the pressure difference is calculated according to the corresponding fluid dynamics model;
correcting influences caused by three factors, namely density and viscosity of mixed gas, local pressure loss caused by a runner structure and runner sectional area change caused by clamping force;
step four, comparing the pressure difference value obtained by simulation calculation with an experimental value according to the pressure difference and the internal resistance value to judge the running state of the PEM (proton exchange membrane) galvanic pile in the running process, including normal, partial dry and flooding; when the voltage drop and the internal resistance value are both in the threshold range, judging the state to be normal; when the voltage drop is in the threshold range and the internal resistance value is larger than the upper limit of the threshold range, judging the state of the partial dry; when the pressure drop is larger than the upper limit of the threshold range and the internal resistance value is smaller than the lower limit of the threshold range, the water logging state is judged; the computer feeds the results of the monitoring back to the test system and changes the operating conditions to optimize PEM stack performance.
2. The monitoring method for the operating state of the PEM cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow field plate gas pressure monitoring device (2) comprises an inlet-outlet differential pressure sensor for monitoring an inlet-outlet differential pressure of a cathode flow field plate.
3. The monitoring method for the operating state of the PEM cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that a cooling liquid inlet (5), a cooling liquid outlet (6), a hydrogen flow channel (7) and an air flow channel (8) are arranged on the PEM cell stack (1).
4. The monitoring method for the running state of the PEM galvanic pile according to claim 1, characterized in that when the computer (3) judges the running state of the PEM galvanic pile (1), when the voltage drop and the internal resistance value are both in a threshold range, the normal state is judged; when the voltage drop is in the threshold range and the internal resistance value is larger than the upper limit of the threshold range, judging the state of the partial dry; and when the pressure drop is larger than the upper limit of the threshold range and the internal resistance value is smaller than the lower limit of the threshold range, judging that the water logging state is realized.
5. The method for monitoring the operating condition of the PEM cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the method for correcting the influence of the density and the viscosity of the mixed gas in the third step comprises the following steps:
when the PEM galvanic pile operates, gas in a cathode flow passage comprises air and water vapor, an anode flow passage comprises hydrogen and water vapor, and the physical properties of the density and the viscosity of the hydrogen and water vapor are formed according to the component proportion and change due to the operation condition, so that the flow rate and the pressure drop are influenced; considering the cathode side air flow, the density and viscosity of the mixed gas are calculated by the following formulas:
wherein:
viscosity of the mixed gas:
μda＝(17.2+4.81×10-2t-4×10-6t2)×10-6
μv＝(8.022+4.01×10-2t-8×10-7t2)×10-6
wherein p isaIs the pressure of dry air; t unit is K, T, and T unit is the temperature of the mixed gas at the temperature; psatIs the saturated vapor pressure of the water vapor; pmaThe pressure is the atmospheric pressure,
is the relative humidity% of the mixed gas, Ps(t)Is saturated water vapor pressure corresponding to temperature tt deg.C, d is moisture content, RdaIs the gas constant of dry air, muda、μvRespectively dry air and waterKinetic viscosity of the vapor.
6. The method for monitoring the operating condition of the PEM stack according to claim 5, wherein the step three of correcting the influence of the local pressure loss caused by the flow channel structure comprises the following steps:
the local pressure loss in the flow channels of the PEM galvanic pile flow field is calculated by the following formula:
wherein, the average flow speed of the v flow channel and xi are local resistance coefficients of the part.
7. The method for monitoring the operating state of the PEM cell stack according to claim 6, wherein the step three, which corrects the influence of the change of the cross-sectional area of the flow channel caused by the clamping force, comprises the following steps:
MEA is deformed due to uneven stress after PEM electric stacking, MEA invades into the flow channel, the cross section of the flow channel is reduced, the flow velocity of fluid is increased, the flow resistance is increased, and the effective cross section area is A due to MEA invasion into the flow channel caused by clampingc', then the actual flow rate is:
wherein N is the number of flow channels; rhoH2OIs the density of water; a. thec' is the cross-sectional area of the flow channel, mH2O-liqThe amount of liquid water in the flow channel.
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| CN112993339B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2022-06-28 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Fuel cell stack capable of measuring differential pressure and temperature and performance evaluation method |
| CN112582652B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-09-16 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for monitoring reverse pole degree of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN112903164B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2023-07-14 | 武汉三江航天远方科技有限公司 | Detection device for simultaneously monitoring internal resistance load pressure and elastic deformation on line |
| CN114551928B (en) * | 2021-12-25 | 2024-02-20 | 安徽明天氢能科技股份有限公司 | Double-pile parallel device for fuel cell |
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