CN114824405A - Fuel cell stack device - Google Patents
Fuel cell stack device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114824405A CN114824405A CN202210601496.2A CN202210601496A CN114824405A CN 114824405 A CN114824405 A CN 114824405A CN 202210601496 A CN202210601496 A CN 202210601496A CN 114824405 A CN114824405 A CN 114824405A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04761—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell exhausts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell stack device, belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and solves the problem that the service performance and the service life of a stack are influenced by overlarge working state difference of single cells at different positions in the prior art. The device comprises a plurality of single batteries which are stacked in a whole, and a dummy battery, a current collecting plate, an insulating plate and an end plate which are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the first and last single batteries and stacked in sequence. The false cell adopts a sheet structure and comprises a bipolar plate, a membrane electrode without a catalyst, a cathode and an anode gas flow channel. In the false cell, the membrane electrode is arranged in the middle of the bipolar plate to separate the cathode and anode gas channels on two sides. The inside of the bipolar plate in the dummy cell is provided with a cathode gas flow passage, an anode gas flow passage and a water flow passage. And a state detection sensor for measuring the internal state of the false battery is arranged in the cathode, the anode gas flow passage or the water flow passage. The device can realize the integrated functional design of condensed water removal and inter-sheet work difference adjustment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell stack device.
Background
The hydrogen energy fuel cell automobile is a new energy automobile with wide development prospect, and has the advantages of short hydrogenation time and long driving range. The fuel cell engine usually comprises a fuel cell stack and peripheral hydrogen, air, cooling and other component systems, wherein the stack comprises a proton exchange membrane, a catalyst layer, a gas diffusion layer, a bipolar plate and the like, and because the theoretical voltage of 1 single-sheet cell is 1.23V, the high-power output is usually realized by connecting hundreds of single-sheet cells in parallel.
During the starting and operation of the fuel cell, the operation states of the single cells at the head and the tail may be greatly different from those of the single cells at other positions. For example, during the starting process, although the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the stack is high, the temperature of the first cell and the last cell is low, and in this case, the first cell and the last cell usually have a single low or even reverse polarity phenomenon during the starting process, so that the starting process fails. During operation, the first cell and the last cell are sometimes condensed into liquid water by excessive water vapor, so that the mass transfer of the galvanic pile is reduced, and the service performance and the service life of the galvanic pile are further influenced.
Considering the factors of batch, sealing and the like, the current parameter measurement of a fuel cell system only can obtain the total input and output of a stack, and cannot measure the working states of a first cell and a last cell in the stack. In the current design, the dummy cell only has the function of removing the condensed water.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing analysis, embodiments of the present invention are directed to a fuel cell stack apparatus, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the operating condition of the single cells at different positions is too different to affect the performance and the service life of the stack.
The fuel cell stack device provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of single cells (44) which are stacked into a whole, and a dummy cell (40), a current collecting plate (43), an insulating plate (42) and an end plate (41) which are respectively arranged at the outer sides of a first cell and a last cell and are stacked in sequence; wherein,
the dummy cell (40) adopts a sheet structure and further comprises a bipolar plate (23), a membrane electrode (22) without a catalyst, a cathode gas flow passage and an anode gas flow passage; in the false cell (40), the membrane electrode (22) is arranged in the middle of the bipolar plate (23) to separate the cathode gas flow channel and the anode gas flow channel on the two sides of the bipolar plate;
a cathode gas flow passage, an anode gas flow passage and a water flow passage (24) are arranged inside the bipolar plate (23) in the dummy cell (40); and a state detection sensor (21) for measuring the internal state of the dummy cell (40) is arranged in the cathode gas flow passage, the anode gas flow passage or the water flow passage (24).
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are as follows: a fuel cell stack device having an on-line measurement function is provided. The first cell and the last cell of the traditional fuel cell stack are changed into the dummy cell (40), the state detection sensor (21) with the functions of measurement and control according to the measurement result is reserved in the dummy cell (40), the accurate acquisition of the internal state of the dummy cell (40) is realized, the measurement of the working states of the first cell and the last cell is realized, the difference between the cells can be obtained by combining the data with the total input and output of the stack, and the integrated function design can be realized. Moreover, the structure integration level of the device is high, and the mass production and the sealing performance of the galvanic pile are not influenced.
Based on further improvement of the device, the dummy cell (40) and the single cell (44) have the same structure and size except that the dummy cell (40) does not contain a catalyst and is provided with a state detection sensor (21); and,
the condition sensor includes at least one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a gas or liquid flow sensor, and a pressure sensor.
Further, the temperature sensor comprises a fiber optic temperature sensor; wherein,
the optical fiber temperature sensor is arranged in the water flow channel (24) of the dummy cell and is used for acquiring the temperature data of the bipolar plate (23) in the dummy cell (40) in real time; the inlet and outlet of the water flow passage (24) of the dummy cell are sealed.
Further, the fuel cell stack device further comprises a heating mechanism; wherein,
the electrodes of the heating mechanism are arranged between the current collecting plate 43 and the insulating plate 42 and used for heating the dummy cell (40) and the single cell (44).
Further, the fuel cell stack device further includes a controller; wherein,
the controller is used for identifying whether the single-low possibility or the reverse-polarity possibility exists in the single-chip battery (44) close to the false battery (40) according to the comparison between the temperature data collected by the temperature sensor and the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet water of the electric pile when the fuel cell is started; and if so, controlling the heating mechanism to perform heating so as to increase the temperature of the single cell (44) close to the dummy cell (40) until the temperature of the stack coolant outlet water reaches a set temperature, controlling the heating mechanism to stop heating, and otherwise, performing cold start or normal start of the fuel cell.
Further, the controller executes the following program:
after a starting command signal of the fuel cell is received, acquiring the water temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the galvanic pile at the current moment;
acquiring all temperature data acquired by a temperature sensor in a single battery (44) of the dummy battery (40) at the current moment to obtain effective values of all the temperature data;
identifying whether the single-low or reverse-polarity possibility exists in the single-chip battery (44) close to the false battery (40) according to the difference value of the water temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the electric pile and the effective value of all temperature data, if the difference value is larger than a preset temperature threshold value, judging that the possibility exists, controlling a heating mechanism to perform heating, and performing the next step, otherwise, performing cold start or normal start of the fuel battery;
and in the heating process, monitoring the water temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the stack in real time, judging that the possibility is eliminated once the water temperature reaches a set temperature, controlling the heating mechanism to stop heating, and continuously executing cold start or normal start of the fuel cell.
Further, the humidity sensor is a common gas humidity sensor or an optical fiber humidity sensor; wherein,
the common gas humidity sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the cathode gas flow passage or the anode gas flow passage;
the optical fiber humidity sensor is arranged in the cathode gas flow channel or the anode gas flow channel.
Further, the controller also executes the following program:
in the operation process of the fuel cell, acquiring all humidity data acquired by a humidity sensor in the dummy cell (40) at the current moment to obtain effective values of all the humidity data;
comparing the effective values of all the humidity data with a preset humidity standard value to identify the internal humidity state of the fuel cell, and performing the following regulation and control; if the effective value is larger than the preset humidity standard value, controlling the temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile to be increased, or controlling the flow of the reactor-entering gas to be increased, or controlling the pressure of the reactor-entering gas to be reduced, or controlling the excessive anode gas coefficient to be reduced; if the effective value is smaller than the preset humidity standard value, controlling the temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile to be reduced or the flow of the reactor gas to be reduced or the pressure of the reactor gas to be increased or the excess coefficient of the anode gas to be increased;
in the regulation and control process, all humidity data collected by the humidity sensor in the dummy battery (40) are monitored in real time, and once the effective values of all the humidity data reach the preset humidity standard value, the regulation and control are finished. .
Further, the controller also executes the following program:
after a starting command signal of the fuel cell is received, all temperature data collected by a temperature sensor in the false cell (40) at the current moment are obtained, and effective values of all the temperature data are obtained;
identifying the starting state of the fuel cell according to the difference value between the effective value of all the temperature data and the preset cold starting threshold value, if the difference value is larger than the preset cold starting threshold value, judging that the fuel cell is in the cold starting state, heating the cooling liquid of the fuel cell, and executing the next step, otherwise, executing the normal starting of the fuel cell;
and in the heating process, monitoring the temperature of the water at the outlet of the cooling liquid of the stack in real time, and executing normal starting of the fuel cell once the temperature of the water reaches the normal starting temperature.
Further, the fuel cell stack device also comprises a water flow stop valve; wherein,
the water flow stop valves are respectively arranged at the water outlet at the bottom of the dummy cell (10) and used for controlling the discharge of condensed water accumulated in a cathode gas flow passage or an anode gas flow passage in the dummy cell (40);
the controller also executes the following program:
in the operation process of the fuel cell, closing a water flow stop valve at regular time, and acquiring all humidity data acquired by a humidity sensor in a single-chip cell (44) of a dummy cell (40) and the humidity of corresponding cathode stacking gas or anode stacking gas of a galvanic pile;
obtaining an effective value of the gas humidity in the dummy cell (40) according to all humidity data acquired by the humidity sensor;
and identifying whether the single cell (44) close to the dummy cell (40) has the possibility of overlarge inter-cell humidity difference according to the difference value between the cathode stacking gas or anode gas humidity and the effective value of the gas humidity in the dummy cell (40), if the difference value is larger than a preset humidity threshold value, judging that the possibility exists, controlling the opening frequency of the water flow stop valve to increase, accelerating the discharge of the condensed water from the dummy cell (40), and otherwise, maintaining the opening frequency of the water flow stop valve unchanged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the method is equivalent to reconstructing a first cell and a last cell of a fuel cell stack into a dummy cell 40, reserving various sensors with measurement and control strategy functions in the dummy cell 40, and arranging a water flow control valve at the inlet and outlet ends of a water flow channel, so that the integrated function design of condensate water removal and inter-cell temperature and humidity difference representation is realized.
2. The structure of the dummy cell is matched with the structure and the size of the single cell of the fuel cell stack, the processing and the manufacturing are simple, and the batch consistency manufacturing and the sealing of each cell are not influenced.
3. The temperature and humidity difference between the cells can be effectively eliminated, the overlarge working state difference of single-cell batteries (44) at different positions in the starting process is eliminated, and the service performance and the service life of the galvanic pile can be effectively improved.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the disclosure.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a fuel cell stack apparatus according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a pseudo battery according to example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the control principle of heating of the fuel cell stack device by the end plates according to example 2;
fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the fuel cell engine system composition of example 4.
Reference numerals:
1-a hydrogen gas inlet control valve; 2-a hydrogen gas circulation device; 3-purging the battery valve; 4-a fuel cell stack arrangement; 5-pressure regulating valve; 6, an air compressor; 7-a water pump; 8-a radiator; 9-a thermostat; 10-a humidifier; 40-a dummy cell; 41-end plate; 42-an insulating plate; 43-a current collector plate; 44-a monolithic cell; 21-a state detection sensor; 22-a membrane electrode; 23-a bipolar plate; 24-water flow channel.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "include" and variations thereof as used herein is meant to be inclusive in an open-ended manner, i.e., "including but not limited to". Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "or" means "and/or". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment". The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
Example 1
In one embodiment of the present invention, a fuel cell stack device is disclosed, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, which includes a plurality of single cells 44 stacked integrally, and a dummy cell 40, a current collecting plate 43, an insulating plate 42, and an end plate 41 sequentially stacked on the outer sides of the first cell and the last cell, respectively.
The dummy cell 40 has a sheet structure, and further includes a bipolar plate 23, a membrane electrode 22 containing no catalyst, a cathode gas flow channel, and an anode gas flow channel. Inside the dummy cell 40, the membrane electrode 22 is disposed at the middle position of the bipolar plate 23 to separate the cathode gas flow channel and the anode gas flow channel at both sides thereof. In addition, the single cells 44, the current collecting plates 43, the insulating plates 42, and the end plates 41 may all adopt the structure in the existing stack.
The inside of the bipolar plate 23 in the dummy cell 40 is provided with a cathode gas flow passage, an anode gas flow passage and a water flow passage 24. A state detection sensor 21 for measuring the internal state of the dummy cell 40 is provided in the cathode gas flow passage, the anode gas flow passage, or the water flow passage 24.
Optionally, the condition sensor comprises at least one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a gas or liquid flow sensor, a pressure sensor.
Preferably, the dummy cell 40 has the same structure and size as the other parts of the single cell 44 except that the dummy cell 40 does not include a catalyst and is provided with the state detection sensor 21.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides the fuel cell stack device with the online measurement function. The first cell and the last cell of the traditional fuel cell stack are changed into the false cell 40, the state detection sensor 21 with the functions of measurement and control according to the measurement result is reserved in the false cell 40, the accurate acquisition of the internal state of the false cell 40 is realized, the measurement of the working states of the first cell and the last cell is realized, the difference between the cells can be obtained by combining the data with the total input and output of the stack, and the integrated function design can be realized. Moreover, the structure integration level of the device is high, and the mass production and the sealing performance of the galvanic pile are not influenced.
Example 2
The improvement is carried out on the basis of the embodiment 1. The temperature sensor comprises a fiber optic temperature sensor. The optical fiber temperature sensor is arranged in the water flow channel 24 of the false battery and is used for collecting the temperature data of the bipolar plate 23 in the false battery 40 in real time; the inlet and outlet of the water flow passage 24 of the dummy cell are sealed.
Preferably, the fuel cell stack device further includes a heating mechanism.
Electrodes of the heating mechanism are provided between the current collecting plate 43 and the insulating plate 42, and are used for heating the dummy cells 40 and the single-chip cells 44. Alternatively, the heating mechanism may be a heating blade. The end plate 41, and hence the individual cells 44 adjacent to the dummy cells 40, are heated by the heating sheet 41 to raise the temperature thereof.
Preferably, the fuel cell stack device further comprises a controller (also referred to as a temperature controller).
The controller is used for identifying whether the single-chip battery 44 close to the dummy battery 40 has single-low or reverse polarity possibility according to the comparison between the temperature data collected by the temperature sensor and the water temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the electric pile when the fuel cell is started; and, if so, controlling the heating mechanism to perform heating to raise the temperature of the single cells 44 close to the dummy cell 40 until the stack coolant outlet water temperature reaches a set temperature, controlling the heating mechanism to stop heating, otherwise, performing cold start or normal start of the fuel cell.
The input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the temperature sensor, and the output end of the controller is connected with the control end of the heating mechanism.
Preferably, the controller executes the following program to complete the regulation and control function of the temperature difference in the chip:
s1, after receiving a starting command signal of a fuel cell, acquiring the water temperature of a cooling liquid outlet of a galvanic pile at the current moment;
s2, acquiring all temperature data acquired by a temperature sensor in the single battery 44 of the dummy battery 40 at the current moment to obtain effective values of all the temperature data;
s3, identifying whether the single-cell 44 close to the dummy cell 40 has the single-low or reverse possibility according to the difference value between the water temperature at the cooling liquid outlet of the electric pile and the effective value of all the temperature data, if the difference value is greater than a preset temperature threshold value, judging that the single-cell 44 close to the dummy cell 40 has the single-low or reverse possibility, controlling a heating mechanism to perform heating, and performing the next step, otherwise (if the difference value between the water temperature at the cooling liquid outlet of the electric pile and the effective value of all the temperature data is smaller than the preset temperature threshold value, determining that the single-cell 44 close to the dummy cell 40 has the single-low or reverse possibility), and performing cold starting or normal starting of the fuel cell;
and S4, monitoring the water temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the galvanic pile in real time in the heating process, judging that the water temperature is possibly eliminated once the water temperature reaches the set temperature, controlling the heating mechanism to stop heating, and continuously executing cold start or normal start of the fuel cell.
The regulation and control principle of the in-chip temperature difference is shown in fig. 3.
Preferably, the controller also executes the following program to perform a cold start or normal start function:
s5, after receiving a starting command signal of the fuel cell, acquiring all temperature data acquired by a temperature sensor in the dummy cell 40 at the current moment to obtain effective values of all the temperature data;
s6, identifying the starting state of the fuel cell according to the difference value between the effective value of all the temperature data and a preset cold starting threshold value, if the difference value is larger than the preset cold starting threshold value, judging that the fuel cell is in the cold starting state, heating the cooling liquid of the fuel cell, and executing the next step, otherwise, executing the normal starting of the fuel cell;
and S7, monitoring the water temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the galvanic pile in real time in the heating process, and executing normal starting of the fuel cell once the water temperature reaches the normal starting temperature.
In practice, by closing the inlet and outlet of the water flow channel 24, the fiber optic temperature sensor in the water flow channel 24 can measure the temperature of the bipolar plate in the dummy cell, which can approximately represent the temperature of the bipolar plate of the first cell and the last cell, and when the difference between the stack coolant outlet water temperature (which is the average temperature of hundreds of single cells after coolant is collected and is obtained by the temperature sensor arranged at the stack coolant outlet) and the measured temperature of the bipolar plate exceeds a preset temperature threshold (for example, 10 ℃), it indicates that the average temperature is very high, but the temperature of the single cells (including the first cell and the last cell) close to the dummy cell is very low, and in this case, the single cell close to the dummy cell may have single low or even reverse polarity during the starting process, which leads to the failure of the fuel cell. And after the temperature of the water at the cooling liquid outlet of the galvanic pile reaches 0 ℃, the heating mechanism can be closed.
Compared with the prior art, the device of the embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method is equivalent to reconstructing a first cell and a last cell of a fuel cell stack into a dummy cell 40, and reserving a temperature sensor with a measurement and control strategy function in the dummy cell 40, so that the integrated function design of condensed water removal and inter-cell temperature difference representation is realized.
2. The structure of the dummy cell is matched with the structure and the size of the single cell of the fuel cell stack, the processing and the manufacturing are simple, and the batch consistency manufacturing and the sealing of each cell are not influenced.
3. The temperature difference between the cells can be effectively eliminated, the phenomenon that the working temperature state difference of single cells (44) at different positions in the starting process is overlarge is eliminated, and the service performance and the service life of the galvanic pile can be effectively improved.
Example 3
The improvement on the basis of the embodiment 1 or 2 can adopt a temperature and humidity integrated sensor or a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor respectively.
Optionally, the humidity sensor is a common gas humidity sensor or an optical fiber humidity sensor.
For the use of a common gas humidity sensor, it may be provided on the inner wall of the cathode gas flow channel or the anode gas flow channel. Conventional common gas humidity sensors include semiconductor gas sensors, electrochemical gas sensors, catalytic combustion gas sensors, thermal conductivity gas sensors, infrared gas sensors, solid electrolyte gas sensors, and the like.
For the use of a fiber optic humidity sensor, it may be located in the cathode gas flow channel or the anode gas flow channel.
Preferably, the fuel cell stack device further includes a controller (also referred to as a humidity controller, which may be used in common with embodiment 2). The input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the humidity sensor, and the output end of the controller is connected with the control end of cooling liquid temperature regulation and control equipment outside the galvanic pile device or a pile entering hydrogen control device or a pile entering air control device.
Preferably, the controller executes the following program to perform the function of regulating and controlling the humidity of the whole fuel cell:
s8, in the operation process of the fuel cell, acquiring all humidity data acquired by a humidity sensor in the dummy cell (40) at the current moment to obtain effective values of all the humidity data;
s9, identifying the internal humidity state of the fuel cell according to comparison between the effective values of all the humidity data and a preset humidity standard value, and performing regulation and control as follows; if the effective value is larger than the preset humidity standard value, controlling the temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile to be increased, or controlling the flow of the reactor-entering gas to be increased, or controlling the pressure of the reactor-entering gas to be reduced, or controlling the excessive anode gas coefficient to be reduced; if the effective value is smaller than the preset humidity standard value, controlling the temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile to be reduced or the flow of the reactor gas to be reduced or the pressure of the reactor gas to be increased or the excess coefficient of the anode gas to be increased;
s10, in the regulation and control process, monitoring all humidity data collected by the humidity sensor in the dummy cell (40) in real time, and once the effective values of all the humidity data reach a preset humidity standard value, finishing the regulation and control.
The input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the humidity sensor, and the output end of the controller is connected with the control end of cooling liquid temperature regulation and control equipment outside the galvanic pile device or a pile entering hydrogen control device or a pile entering air control device.
The adjustment method of the gas excess coefficient is disclosed in patent CN 201910105639.9.
Preferably, the dummy cell 40 is provided with a water outlet at the bottom thereof.
Preferably, the fuel cell stack device further includes a water flow shutoff valve. And the water flow stop valves are respectively arranged at the water outlet at the bottom of the dummy cell 40 and used for controlling the discharge of condensed water accumulated in a cathode gas flow passage or an anode gas flow passage in the dummy cell 40, and the control end of the water flow stop valves is connected with the output end of the controller. The output end of the water flow stop valve is connected with the water outlet of the fuel cell.
Preferably, the controller further performs the following procedures to achieve the regulation and control function of the humidity difference in the sheet:
s11, in the operation process of the fuel cell, closing a water flow stop valve at regular time, and acquiring all humidity data acquired by a humidity sensor in a single-chip cell 44 of the dummy cell 40 and the humidity of corresponding cathode stacking gas or anode stacking gas of the galvanic pile;
s12, obtaining an effective value of the gas humidity in the dummy cell 40 according to all humidity data collected by the humidity sensor;
s13, identifying whether the single-chip battery 44 close to the false battery 40 has the possibility of overlarge inter-chip humidity difference according to the difference value between the cathode stacking gas or the anode gas humidity and the effective value of the gas humidity in the false battery 40, if the difference value is larger than a preset humidity threshold value, judging that the possibility exists, controlling the opening frequency of the water flow stop valve to increase so that the condensed water is discharged from the false battery 40 in an accelerated mode, otherwise (if the difference value between the stacking gas humidity and the effective value of the gas humidity in the false battery 40 is smaller than the preset humidity threshold value, considering that the inter-chip humidity difference of the stack is not large), and maintaining the opening frequency of the water flow stop valve unchanged.
Compared with the prior art, the device of the embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. equivalently, a first cell and a last cell of the fuel cell stack are transformed into a dummy cell 40, a humidity sensor with a measurement and control strategy function is reserved in the dummy cell 40, and a water flow control valve is arranged at the inlet end and the outlet end of a water flow channel, so that the integrated function design of condensed water removal and inter-cell humidity difference representation is realized.
2. The structure of the dummy cell is matched with the structure and the size of the single cell of the fuel cell stack, the processing and the manufacturing are simple, and the batch consistency manufacturing and the sealing of each cell are not influenced.
3. The humidity difference between the cells can be effectively eliminated, the phenomenon that the working humidity state difference of single cells (44) at different positions in the starting process is overlarge is eliminated, and the service performance and the service life of the galvanic pile can be effectively improved.
Example 4
In another embodiment of the present invention, a fuel cell engine system is disclosed, which comprises the fuel cell stack apparatus of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, and a stack-entering hydrogen control apparatus, a stack-entering air control apparatus, and a coolant temperature regulating apparatus.
Preferably, the fuel cell engine system further comprises a stack outlet hydrogen control device and a stack outlet air control device.
The existing in-out pile hydrogen control device, in-out pile air control device and coolant temperature regulation and control equipment are various in types, are common equipment, can be suitable for the engine system of the embodiment, are also various in connection mode, and can be understood by the technical personnel in the field.
Specifically, the stacking hydrogen control device is arranged at a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack device and further comprises a hydrogen spraying device and a hydrogen inlet control valve 1 which are connected in sequence. It may also include other devices or use other connections.
The stack-entering air control device is arranged at an air inlet of the fuel cell stack device and further comprises an air compressor 6. Preferably, the reactor air control device further comprises a humidifier 10 arranged between the output end of the air compressor 6 and the air inlet of the stack, as shown in fig. 4, wherein the output end of the air compressor 6 is connected with the air inlet of the stack through a branch one of the humidifier 10. It may also include other devices or use other connections.
The cooling liquid temperature regulating and controlling equipment is arranged between a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack device and further comprises a thermostat 9, a radiator 8, a heater and a water pump 7. Wherein, the outlet of the cooling liquid of the electric pile is divided into two paths after passing through the water pump 7, one path is connected with the first input end of the thermostat 9 through the heater, and the other path is connected with the second input end of the thermostat 9 through the radiator 8. The output end of the thermostat 9 is connected with the inlet of the cooling liquid of the electric pile. It may also include other devices or use other connections.
The pile-out hydrogen control device is arranged at a hydrogen tail gas outlet of the fuel cell pile device and further comprises a purging electromagnetic valve 3 and a hydrogen circulating device 2. One path of the hydrogen tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile is connected with the electromagnetic valve 3, and the other path of the hydrogen tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile through the hydrogen circulating device 2. It may also include other devices or use other connections.
The stack outlet air control device is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the fuel cell stack device and further comprises a pressure regulating valve 5. Wherein, the air tail gas outlet of the electric pile is connected with the pressure regulating valve 5 through a second branch of the humidifier 10.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the prior art, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell stack device is characterized by comprising a plurality of single cells (44) which are stacked integrally, and a dummy cell (40), a current collecting plate (43), an insulating plate (42) and an end plate (41) which are respectively arranged at the outer sides of a first cell and a last cell and are stacked in sequence; wherein,
the dummy cell (40) adopts a sheet structure and further comprises a bipolar plate (23), a membrane electrode (22) without a catalyst, a cathode gas flow passage and an anode gas flow passage; in the false cell (40), the membrane electrode (22) is arranged in the middle of the bipolar plate (23) to separate the cathode gas flow channel and the anode gas flow channel on the two sides of the bipolar plate;
a cathode gas flow passage, an anode gas flow passage and a water flow passage (24) are arranged inside the bipolar plate (23) in the dummy cell (40); and a state detection sensor (21) for measuring the internal state of the dummy cell (40) is arranged in the cathode gas flow passage, the anode gas flow passage or the water flow passage (24).
2. The fuel cell stack device according to claim 1, wherein the dummy cell (40) has the same structure and size as the other parts of the single cell (44) except that the dummy cell (40) does not contain a catalyst and is provided with the state detection sensor (21); and,
the condition sensor comprises at least one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a gas or liquid flow sensor, and a pressure sensor.
3. The fuel cell stack device according to claim 2, wherein the temperature sensor comprises a fiber optic temperature sensor; wherein,
the optical fiber temperature sensor is arranged in a water flow channel (24) of the dummy cell and is used for collecting temperature data of the bipolar plate (23) in the dummy cell (40) in real time; the inlet and outlet of the water flow passage (24) of the dummy cell are sealed.
4. The fuel cell stack device according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a heating mechanism; wherein,
the electrodes of the heating mechanism are arranged between the current collecting plate (43) and the insulating plate (42) and used for heating the dummy cell (40) and the single cell (44).
5. The fuel cell stack device according to claim 4, further comprising a controller; wherein,
the controller is used for identifying whether the single-low possibility or the reverse-polarity possibility exists in the single-chip battery (44) close to the false battery (40) according to the comparison between the temperature data collected by the temperature sensor and the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet water of the electric pile when the fuel cell is started; and if so, controlling the heating mechanism to perform heating so as to increase the temperature of the single cell (44) close to the dummy cell (40) until the temperature of the stack coolant outlet water reaches a set temperature, controlling the heating mechanism to stop heating, and otherwise, performing cold start or normal start of the fuel cell.
6. The fuel cell stack device according to claim 5, wherein the controller executes a program for:
after a starting command signal of the fuel cell is received, acquiring the water temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the galvanic pile at the current moment;
acquiring all temperature data acquired by a temperature sensor in a single battery (44) of the dummy battery (40) at the current moment to obtain effective values of all the temperature data;
identifying whether the single-low or reverse-polarity possibility exists in the single-chip battery (44) close to the false battery (40) according to the difference value of the water temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the electric pile and the effective value of all temperature data, if the difference value is larger than a preset temperature threshold value, judging that the possibility exists, controlling a heating mechanism to perform heating, and performing the next step, otherwise, performing cold start or normal start of the fuel battery;
and in the heating process, monitoring the water temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the stack in real time, judging that the possibility is eliminated once the water temperature reaches a set temperature, controlling the heating mechanism to stop heating, and continuously executing cold start or normal start of the fuel cell.
7. The fuel cell stack device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the humidity sensor is a common gas humidity sensor or an optical fiber humidity sensor; wherein,
the common gas humidity sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the cathode gas flow passage or the anode gas flow passage;
the optical fiber humidity sensor is arranged in the cathode gas flow channel or the anode gas flow channel.
8. The fuel cell stack device according to claim 7, wherein the controller further executes a program for:
in the operation process of the fuel cell, acquiring all humidity data acquired by a humidity sensor in the dummy cell (40) at the current moment to obtain effective values of all the humidity data;
comparing the effective values of all the humidity data with a preset humidity standard value to identify the internal humidity state of the fuel cell, and performing the following regulation and control; if the effective value is larger than the preset humidity standard value, controlling the temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile to be increased, or controlling the flow of the reactor-entering gas to be increased, or controlling the pressure of the reactor-entering gas to be reduced, or controlling the excessive anode gas coefficient to be reduced; if the effective value is smaller than the preset humidity standard value, controlling the temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile to be reduced or the flow of the reactor gas to be reduced or the pressure of the reactor gas to be increased or the excess coefficient of the anode gas to be increased;
in the regulation and control process, all humidity data collected by the humidity sensor in the dummy battery (40) are monitored in real time, and once the effective values of all the humidity data reach the preset humidity standard value, the regulation and control are finished.
9. The fuel cell stack device according to any one of claims 5, 6, and 8, wherein the controller further executes a program for:
after a starting command signal of the fuel cell is received, all temperature data collected by a temperature sensor in the false cell (40) at the current moment are obtained, and effective values of all the temperature data are obtained;
identifying the starting state of the fuel cell according to the difference value between the effective value of all the temperature data and the preset cold starting threshold value, if the difference value is larger than the preset cold starting threshold value, judging that the fuel cell is in the cold starting state, heating the cooling liquid of the fuel cell, and executing the next step, otherwise, executing the normal starting of the fuel cell;
and in the heating process, monitoring the temperature of the water at the outlet of the cooling liquid of the stack in real time, and executing normal starting of the fuel cell once the temperature of the water reaches the normal starting temperature.
10. The fuel cell stack device according to any one of claims 5, 6 and 8, further comprising a water flow shutoff valve; wherein,
the water flow stop valves are respectively arranged at the water outlet at the bottom of the dummy cell (10) and are used for controlling the discharge of condensed water accumulated in a cathode gas flow passage or an anode gas flow passage in the dummy cell (40);
the controller also executes the following program:
in the operation process of the fuel cell, closing a water flow stop valve at regular time, and acquiring all humidity data acquired by a humidity sensor in a single-chip cell (44) of a dummy cell (40) and the humidity of corresponding cathode stacking gas or anode stacking gas of a galvanic pile;
obtaining an effective value of the gas humidity in the dummy cell (40) according to all humidity data acquired by the humidity sensor;
and identifying whether the single cell (44) close to the dummy cell (40) has the possibility of overlarge inter-cell humidity difference according to the difference value between the cathode stacking gas or anode gas humidity and the effective value of the gas humidity in the dummy cell (40), if the difference value is larger than a preset humidity threshold value, judging that the possibility exists, controlling the opening frequency of the water flow stop valve to increase, accelerating the discharge of the condensed water from the dummy cell (40), and otherwise, maintaining the opening frequency of the water flow stop valve unchanged.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210601496.2A CN114824405A (en) | 2022-05-30 | 2022-05-30 | Fuel cell stack device |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115621507A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-01-17 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Hydrogen temperature regulation and control system for liquid hydrogen fuel cell engine |
| CN116259806A (en) * | 2023-05-09 | 2023-06-13 | 浙江韵量氢能科技有限公司 | Fuel cell stack capable of removing gas impurities and method for removing gas impurities |
-
2022
- 2022-05-30 CN CN202210601496.2A patent/CN114824405A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115621507A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-01-17 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Hydrogen temperature regulation and control system for liquid hydrogen fuel cell engine |
| CN115621507B (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-03-10 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Hydrogen temperature regulation and control system for liquid hydrogen fuel cell engine |
| CN116259806A (en) * | 2023-05-09 | 2023-06-13 | 浙江韵量氢能科技有限公司 | Fuel cell stack capable of removing gas impurities and method for removing gas impurities |
| CN116259806B (en) * | 2023-05-09 | 2023-09-22 | 浙江韵量氢能科技有限公司 | Fuel cell stack capable of removing gas impurities and method for removing gas impurities |
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