CN113675442A - Auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to fuel cell and control method thereof - Google Patents
Auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to fuel cell and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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Abstract
The invention discloses an auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to a fuel cell and a control method thereof. The auxiliary low-temperature cold start system has two auxiliary start modes, namely a mode I and a mode II. When the first mode is started, the catalytic combustion heating module and the electric heating module work simultaneously. When the second mode is started, the electric heating module works, the hydrogen supply module and the air supply module are started, and the fuel cell stack starts to run at low power. The auxiliary low-temperature cold start system provided by the invention adopts a modular design and has the advantages of high start speed, high energy utilization rate, safety and reliability of the system and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and relates to an auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to a fuel cell and a control method thereof.
Background
Poor low-temperature cold start performance of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is one of the main obstacles restricting the practical popularization and application of the PEMFC, water which is a reaction product during the working of the PEMFC is easy to freeze at ultralow temperature, and the ice can cover the surface of a cathode side catalytic layer or block the pores of a gas diffusion layer to prevent reaction gas from entering a porous electrode, so that the electrochemical reaction rate of the electrode is reduced or even stopped, and further the low-temperature start performance of the PEMFC is influenced. Meanwhile, repeated phase change of water freezing or ice melting can cause severe volume change of the porous electrode, damage is caused to the structure of a battery material, and the working performance and the service life of the battery are influenced to a certain extent.
Patent application CN106558713A discloses a low-temperature starting system and an operation method for a fuel cell. The invention utilizes the heat release of the hydrogen catalytic reaction to heat the cooling liquid, the cooling liquid further heats the hydrogen and the air, but the high-temperature heat flow cannot be fully utilized, thereby causing serious waste.
Patent application CN109728328A discloses a combined low-temperature cold start device and control method for a fuel cell power system. The combined low-temperature starting device provides five starting modes, and is high in system complexity and low in reliability. In addition, the high-temperature gas heating mode of the invention directly uses the oxyhydrogen combustion heating mode, the danger coefficient is higher, and the waste heat of the high-temperature tail gas of the combustion heater is not directly utilized, thereby restricting the energy efficiency of the system to be improved.
Patent application CN108711630A discloses a method for starting a proton exchange membrane fuel cell at low temperature. The mixed gas is introduced into the anode for catalytic preheating, and the tail gas of the anode is introduced into the cathode, so that the cathode and the anode can simultaneously perform catalytic reaction, and low-temperature starting in a temperature range of-45 ℃ or even lower can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects, the invention provides an auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to a fuel cell and a control method thereof.
The invention is realized by at least one of the following technical schemes.
An auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to a fuel cell comprises a hydrogen supply module, an air supply module, a cooling liquid circulation module, a catalytic combustion heating module, an electric heating module, a tail gas treatment module, a control module and a fuel cell stack (61);
the gases of the hydrogen supply module and the air supply module are respectively connected into the catalytic combustion heating module and the fuel cell stack (61);
the heat flow of the catalytic combustion heating module is connected to the anode or the cathode of the fuel cell stack (61) through the cooling liquid circulation module, and catalytic reaction is carried out on the surface of the electrode of the fuel cell stack (61) to heat the fuel cell stack (61);
the electric heating module is used for providing heat for the fuel cell stack (61) and the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24);
the air supply module is connected with the tail gas treatment module and is used for regulating and controlling the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas mixing chamber (57);
the control module controls the start and stop of each module and the switching of the auxiliary starting mode.
Preferably, the hydrogen supply module comprises a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank (1), a pressure reducing valve (2), a hydrogen inlet valve (3), a first flowmeter (4), a hydrogen stacking electromagnetic valve (5), a sensor (6) for detecting the temperature and pressure of hydrogen stacking, and a hydrogen circulating pump (7) for tail-exhaust hydrogen circulation, wherein the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the pressure reducing valve (2), the hydrogen inlet valve (3), the first flowmeter (4), the hydrogen stacking electromagnetic valve (5), the sensor (6) for detecting the temperature and pressure of hydrogen stacking, and the hydrogen circulating pump (7) for tail-exhaust hydrogen circulation are sequentially connected in the horizontal direction, and the hydrogen circulating pump (7) is arranged between an anode outlet and an anode inlet of the fuel cell stack (61);
the air supply module comprises an air filter (11), an air check valve (12), an air compressor (13), a second flowmeter (14), an air stacking solenoid valve (15), an air humidifier (16) and a sensor (17) for detecting the temperature and pressure of air stacking, which are connected in sequence in the horizontal direction;
the cooling liquid circulating module comprises a cooling liquid circulating pump (21) connected with the fuel cell stack (61), a thermostat (22), a radiator (23), a cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) and a sensor (25) used for detecting the temperature and pressure of cooling liquid entering the stack, two outlet ends of the thermostat (22) are respectively connected with the radiator (23) and the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24), and the radiator (23) and the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) are arranged in parallel.
Preferably, the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) is a surface heat exchanger, and the surface heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger, a fin type heat exchanger or a shell-and-tube type heat exchanger.
Preferably, the catalytic combustion heating module comprises a mixing chamber (33), the mixing chamber (33) is connected with a catalytic combustion reactor (35) through a mixed gas outlet electromagnetic valve (34), heat generated by the catalytic combustion reactor (35) is connected to a cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) through a hot water outlet electromagnetic valve (36) to exchange heat with cooling liquid to be stacked in the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24), and is connected to the anode or the cathode of a fuel cell stack (61) through a hot water outlet three-way valve 37, so that catalytic reaction is generated on the electrode surface of the fuel cell stack (61) to heat the fuel cell stack (61);
a hydrogen concentration sensor is arranged in the mixing chamber (33); a temperature sensor is arranged in the catalytic combustion reactor (35);
the gases of the hydrogen supply module and the air supply module are respectively connected into a mixing chamber (33) through a first electromagnetic valve (31) and a second electromagnetic valve (32).
Preferably, the electric heating module comprises a secondary battery (41), a modulation controller (42), a sensor (43) for detecting the internal temperature of the fuel cell stack (61), an electric heating assembly arranged in the fuel cell stack (61) and an electric heating assembly arranged in the coolant heat exchanger (24);
the secondary battery (41) is connected with a fuel cell stack (61) through a modulation controller (42);
the electric heating assembly arranged in the fuel cell stack (61) and the electric heating assembly arranged in the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) are both supplied with electric energy by a secondary battery (41).
Preferably, the electric heating component in the fuel cell stack (61) is a heating wire arranged on the surface of a membrane electrode of the fuel cell stack (61) or a heating wire and a heating sheet embedded in the bipolar plate, and can adjust the heating power;
the electric heating component in the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) is an electric heating wire, an electric heating rod or an electric heating sheet which can adjust heating power.
Preferably, the tail gas treatment module comprises a first gas-liquid separator (51) connected with an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack (61), a second gas-liquid separator (54) connected with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack (61) and a tail gas treatment electromagnetic valve (53); the first gas-liquid separator (51) is connected with the tail gas mixing chamber (57) through an anode outlet electromagnetic valve (52); the output end of the second gas-liquid separator (54) is connected to a tail gas mixing chamber (57) through a back pressure valve (55) and a cathode outlet electromagnetic valve (56) in sequence; the tail gas exhaust treatment electromagnetic valve (53) is connected with the air pile-in electromagnetic valve (15) and is used for regulating and controlling the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas mixing chamber (57); and a hydrogen concentration sensor is arranged in the tail gas mixing chamber (57).
Preferably, the control module is connected with the hydrogen supply module, the oxygen supply module, the cooling liquid circulation module, the catalytic combustion heating module, the electric heating module, the fuel cell stack (61) and the tail gas treatment module, and controls the start-stop and auxiliary start-up mode switching of each component in the system according to data detected by each sensor.
Preferably, the auxiliary low-temperature cold start system has two auxiliary start modes, namely a mode I and a mode II; when the first mode is started, the catalytic combustion heating module and the electric heating module work simultaneously. When the second mode is started, the electric heating module works, the hydrogen supply module and the air supply module are started, and the fuel cell stack (61) starts to run at low power.
According to the control method of the auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to the fuel cell, the specific steps are as follows:
step 4, opening the first electromagnetic valve (31) and the second electromagnetic valve (32), and respectively connecting hydrogen and air into the mixing chamber (33) through the first electromagnetic valve (31) and the second electromagnetic valve (32) until the concentration of the hydrogen in the mixing chamber (33) reaches a first set concentration;
step 5, opening a mixed gas outlet electromagnetic valve (34), connecting the mixed gas reaching a first set concentration into a catalytic combustion reactor (35), and generating heat through catalytic combustion reaction until the temperature in the catalytic reaction combustor (35) reaches a first set temperature;
step 6, starting an electric heating assembly arranged in the fuel cell stack (61) and an electric heating assembly arranged in the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) to respectively heat the fuel cell stack (61) and the cooling liquid to be stacked;
step 7, opening a heat flow outlet electromagnetic valve (36), connecting heat flow reaching a first set temperature into a cooling liquid heat exchanger (24), heating cooling liquid to be stacked, controlling the temperature of the stacked cooling liquid at a second set temperature, reducing the temperature of the heat flow, and controlling the temperature of the heat flow entering the stack at a third set temperature;
step 8, opening a heat flow outlet three-way valve (37), respectively connecting heat flows after heat exchange with the cooling liquid to the anode or the cathode of the fuel cell stack (61), and generating catalytic reaction on the surface of the electrode of the fuel cell stack (61) to heat the fuel cell stack (61);
9, tail gas discharged by the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell stack (61) is connected into a tail gas mixing chamber (57), a hydrogen concentration sensor detects the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas mixing chamber (57) and judges whether the hydrogen concentration is lower than a second set concentration, and if the hydrogen concentration is lower than the second set concentration, the tail gas is directly discharged; otherwise, the tail gas treatment electromagnetic valve (53) is opened, and air is introduced into the tail gas mixing chamber (57) until the concentration of hydrogen in the tail gas mixing chamber (57) is lower than a second set concentration;
step 10, dynamically executing step 1 along with the temperature rise of the galvanic pile;
and step 15, closing each auxiliary starting assembly, and normally operating the fuel cell stack (61).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. and (5) designing a system in a modular mode. The invention carries out modular design aiming at the auxiliary low-temperature cold start system, is convenient for high-efficiency control and fault monitoring, has quicker start response capability and can effectively reduce the fault rate of system operation.
2. The starting speed is high. When the auxiliary low-temperature cold start system is started, heat flow from the catalytic combustion reactor and the electric heating assembly in the cooling liquid heat exchanger simultaneously heat the reactor entering cooling liquid. Meanwhile, the cooled heat flow further generates catalytic reaction on the surface of the electrode of the fuel cell stack to generate heat, and an electric heating assembly inside the fuel cell stack heats a membrane electrode or a bipolar plate, so that the rapid start is realized on the premise of ensuring the safe operation of the fuel cell stack.
3. The energy utilization rate is high. The heat flow after heat exchange with the cooling liquid is introduced to the surface of the fuel cell stack electrode to further perform catalytic reaction, so that the membrane electrode is heated, and the waste of heat and fuel is reduced; meanwhile, according to the detected different temperatures of the fuel cell stack, the invention provides two auxiliary low-temperature cold start modes, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the system.
4. The system is safe and reliable. According to the invention, the tail gas treatment module is designed, the tail gas treatment electromagnetic valve is connected with the air supply module, the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas mixing chamber is regulated and controlled, and the hydrogen is discharged after the hydrogen concentration is diluted to a safe concentration range, so that the safety and reliability of the system are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary low-temperature cold start system for a fuel cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an auxiliary low temperature cold start system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a control method of an auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to a fuel cell according to the present invention;
wherein, 1, a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, 2, a pressure reducing valve, 3, a hydrogen gas inlet valve, 4, a first flowmeter, 5, a hydrogen stacking solenoid valve, 6, a sensor for detecting the temperature and pressure of hydrogen stacking, 7, a hydrogen circulating pump, 11, an air filter, 12, an air check valve, 13, an air compressor, 14, a second flowmeter, 15, an air stacking solenoid valve, 16, an air humidifier, 17, a sensor for detecting the temperature and pressure of air stacking, 21, a cooling liquid circulating pump, 22, a thermostat, 23, a radiator, 24, a cooling liquid heat exchanger, 25, a sensor for detecting the temperature and pressure of cooling liquid stacking, 31, a first solenoid valve, 32, a second solenoid valve, 33, a mixing chamber, 34, a mixed gas outlet solenoid valve, 35, a catalytic combustion reactor, 36, an outlet solenoid valve, 37, a heat flow outlet three-way valve, 41 and a secondary battery, 42. modulation controller, 43, sensor for detecting the temperature in the electric pile, 51, anode outlet gas-liquid separator, 52, anode outlet electromagnetic valve, 53, tail exhaust processing electromagnetic valve, 54, cathode outlet gas-liquid separator, 55, back pressure valve, 56, cathode outlet electromagnetic valve, 57, tail gas mixing chamber, 61, fuel cell electric pile.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope described in the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides an auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to a fuel cell, which comprises a hydrogen supply module, an air supply module, a coolant circulation module, a catalytic combustion heating module, an electric heating module, a tail gas treatment module, a control module and a fuel cell stack.
The hydrogen supply module comprises a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a hydrogen inlet valve 3, a flow meter 4, a hydrogen stacking electromagnetic valve 5, a sensor 6 for detecting the temperature and pressure of hydrogen stacking and a hydrogen circulating pump 7 for tail-exhaust hydrogen circulation, wherein the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 1, the pressure reducing valve 2, the hydrogen inlet valve 3, the flow meter 4, the hydrogen stacking electromagnetic valve 5, the sensor 6 and the hydrogen circulating pump 7 are sequentially connected, and the hydrogen circulating pump 7 is arranged between an anode outlet and an anode inlet of the fuel cell stack 61.
The air supply module includes an air filter 11, an air check valve 12, an air compressor 13, a flow meter 14, an air stack solenoid valve 15, an air humidifier 16, and a sensor 17 for detecting the air stack temperature and pressure, which are connected in this order.
The cooling liquid circulating module comprises a cooling liquid circulating pump 21 connected with the fuel cell stack 61, a thermostat 22, a radiator 23, a cooling liquid heat exchanger 24 and a sensor 25 for detecting the temperature and pressure of cooling liquid entering the stack, two outlet ends of the thermostat 22 are respectively connected with the radiator 23 and the cooling liquid heat exchanger 24, and the radiator 23 and the cooling liquid heat exchanger 24 are arranged in parallel.
In the present embodiment, the coolant heat exchanger 24 is a finned heat exchanger.
The catalytic combustion heating module comprises a first electromagnetic valve 31 connected with the output end of the first flowmeter 4, a second electromagnetic valve 32 connected with the output end of the second flowmeter 14, a mixing chamber 33 connected with the output ends of the first electromagnetic valve 31 and the second electromagnetic valve 32, and a catalytic combustion reactor 35; the mixing chamber 33 is connected with a catalytic combustion reactor 35 through a mixed gas outlet electromagnetic valve 34; the hot water of the catalytic combustion reactor 35 is connected to the cooling liquid heat exchanger 24 through the hot water outlet electromagnetic valve 36, exchanges heat with the cooling liquid to be stacked in the cooling liquid heat exchanger 24, is connected to the anode or the cathode of the fuel cell stack 61 through the hot water outlet three-way valve 37, and generates catalytic reaction on the electrode surface of the fuel cell stack 61 to heat the fuel cell stack 61;
a hydrogen concentration sensor is provided in the mixing chamber 33. A temperature sensor is provided in the catalytic combustion reactor 35. In this embodiment, the catalytic combustion reactor 35 is a flat plate microchannel reactorThe reactor and the catalyst adopt Pt/gamma-Al2O3。
The heat generated by the catalytic combustion heating module comes from the catalytic combustion reactor 35 and the fuel cell stack 61, respectively. The gas of the hydrogen supply module and the gas of the air supply module are respectively connected into the mixing chamber 33 through the first electromagnetic valve 31 and the second electromagnetic valve 32, and the hydrogen and the air are uniformly mixed in the mixing chamber 33 and then connected into the catalytic combustion reactor 35 to react to generate heat flow. The hot flow enters the cooling liquid heat exchanger 24 through the hot flow outlet electromagnetic valve 36, exchanges heat with the cooling liquid to be stacked in the cooling liquid circulation module, and respectively enters the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell stack through the hot flow outlet three-way valve 37, and catalytic reaction further occurs on the electrode surface of the fuel cell stack to heat the fuel cell stack 61.
The electric heating module includes a secondary battery 41, a modulation controller 42, a sensor 43 for detecting the internal temperature of the stack, an electric heating assembly provided in a fuel cell stack 61, and an electric heating assembly provided in a coolant heat exchanger 24.
The secondary battery 41 is connected to the fuel cell stack 61 through the modulation controller 42, and the electric heating components provided in the fuel cell stack 61 and the electric heating components provided in the coolant heat exchanger 24 are supplied with electric power from the secondary battery 41. In this embodiment, the electrical heating element in the fuel cell stack 61 is an electrical heating wire embedded in the bipolar plate to adjust the heating power, and the electrical heating element in the coolant heat exchanger 24 is an electrical heating rod to adjust the heating power.
The tail gas treatment module comprises a first gas-liquid separator 51 connected with an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 61, a second gas-liquid separator 54 connected with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 61 and a tail gas exhaust treatment electromagnetic valve 53; the first gas-liquid separator 51 is connected with a tail gas mixing chamber 57 through an anode outlet electromagnetic valve 52; the output end of the second gas-liquid separator 54 is sequentially connected to a tail gas mixing chamber 57 through a back pressure valve 55 and a cathode outlet electromagnetic valve 56; a hydrogen concentration sensor is provided in the tail gas mixing chamber 57.
The tail gas mixing chamber 57 is arranged between the anode outlet electromagnetic valve 52 and the cathode outlet electromagnetic valve 56, the anode outlet gas passes through the anode outlet gas-liquid separator 51 and is connected into the tail gas mixing chamber 57 through the anode outlet electromagnetic valve 52, the cathode outlet gas passes through the cathode outlet gas-liquid separator 54 and is sequentially connected into the tail gas mixing chamber 57 through the backpressure valve 55 and the cathode outlet electromagnetic valve 56, and the tail gas treatment electromagnetic valve 53 is connected with an air supply module and used for regulating and controlling the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas mixing chamber 57.
The control module is connected with the hydrogen supply module, the oxygen supply module, the cooling liquid circulation module, the catalytic combustion heating module, the electric heating module, the fuel cell stack and the tail gas treatment module, and controls the start and stop of each component in the system, the switching of the auxiliary starting mode and the like according to data detected by each sensor.
The auxiliary low-temperature cold start system has two auxiliary start modes, namely a mode I and a mode II; when the first mode is started, the catalytic combustion heating module and the electric heating module work simultaneously. When the second mode is started, the electric heating module works, the hydrogen supply module and the air supply module are started, and the fuel cell stack 61 starts to run at low power.
In addition, as shown in fig. 3, the present invention provides a control method for an auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to a fuel cell, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 4, opening the first electromagnetic valve 31 and the second electromagnetic valve 32, and respectively connecting the hydrogen and the air into the mixing chamber 33 through the first electromagnetic valve 31 and the second electromagnetic valve 32 until the hydrogen concentration in the mixing chamber 33 reaches a first set concentration, which is 10% in this embodiment;
step 5, opening a mixed gas outlet electromagnetic valve 34, and connecting the mixed gas reaching a first set concentration into a catalytic combustion reactor 35 to generate heat through catalytic combustion reaction until the temperature in the catalytic combustion reactor 35 reaches a first set temperature, wherein the first set temperature is 200 ℃ in the embodiment;
step 6, starting an electric heating assembly arranged in the fuel cell stack 61 and an electric heating assembly arranged in the cooling liquid heat exchanger 24 to respectively heat the fuel cell stack 61 and the cooling liquid to be stacked;
and 7, opening a heat flow outlet electromagnetic valve 36, connecting heat flow reaching the first set temperature into the cooling liquid heat exchanger 24, heating the cooling liquid to be stacked, controlling the temperature of the stacked cooling liquid to be at a second set temperature, reducing the temperature of the heat flow, and controlling the temperature of the stacked heat flow to be at a third set temperature, wherein in the embodiment, the second set temperature range is 70-90 ℃, and the third set temperature range is 70-80 ℃.
Step 8, opening the heat flow outlet three-way valve 37, selectively connecting the heat flow after heat exchange with the cooling liquid to the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell stack 61, and further performing catalytic reaction on the electrode surface of the fuel cell stack 61 to heat the fuel cell stack 61;
step 9, the tail gas discharged from the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell stack is introduced into the tail gas mixing chamber 57, and the hydrogen concentration sensor detects the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas mixing chamber 57 to determine whether the hydrogen concentration is lower than a second set concentration, wherein the second set concentration is 4% in the embodiment, and if so, the tail gas is directly discharged; otherwise, the tail gas treatment electromagnetic valve 53 is opened, and air is introduced into the tail gas mixing chamber 57 until the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas mixing chamber 57 is lower than a second set concentration;
step 10, dynamically executing step 1 along with the temperature rise of the galvanic pile;
and step 15, closing each auxiliary starting assembly, and enabling the fuel cell stack to normally operate.
And the control module controls the start and stop of components in each module and the switching of the auxiliary starting mode according to the control method.
The normal starting temperature T0Is 0 ℃, and the mode switching temperature T1The range is-15 to-5 ℃, the first set temperature range is 100 to 250 ℃, the second set temperature range and the third set temperature range are both 60 to 90 ℃, the first set concentration range is 5 to 15 percent, and the second set concentration range is 4 percent.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to a fuel cell is characterized in that: the system comprises a hydrogen supply module, an air supply module, a cooling liquid circulation module, a catalytic combustion heating module, an electric heating module, a tail gas treatment module, a control module and a fuel cell stack (61);
the gases of the hydrogen supply module and the air supply module are respectively connected into the catalytic combustion heating module and the fuel cell stack (61);
the heat flow of the catalytic combustion heating module is connected to the anode or the cathode of the fuel cell stack (61) through the cooling liquid circulation module, and catalytic reaction is carried out on the surface of the electrode of the fuel cell stack (61) to heat the fuel cell stack (61);
the electric heating module is used for providing heat for the fuel cell stack (61) and the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24);
the air supply module is connected with the tail gas treatment module and is used for regulating and controlling the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas mixing chamber (57);
the control module controls the start and stop of each module and the switching of the auxiliary starting mode.
2. The auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to the fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydrogen supply module comprises a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank (1), a pressure reducing valve (2), a hydrogen inlet valve (3), a first flowmeter (4), a hydrogen stacking electromagnetic valve (5), a sensor (6) for detecting the temperature and pressure of hydrogen stacking, and a hydrogen circulating pump (7) for tail-exhaust hydrogen circulation, wherein the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank (1), the pressure reducing valve (2), the hydrogen inlet valve (3), the first flowmeter (4), the hydrogen stacking electromagnetic valve (5), the sensor (6) for detecting the temperature and pressure of hydrogen stacking, and the hydrogen circulating pump (7) for tail-exhaust hydrogen circulation are sequentially connected in the horizontal direction, and the hydrogen circulating pump (7) is arranged between an anode outlet and an anode inlet of the fuel cell stack (61);
the air supply module comprises an air filter (11), an air check valve (12), an air compressor (13), a second flowmeter (14), an air stacking solenoid valve (15), an air humidifier (16) and a sensor (17) for detecting the temperature and pressure of air stacking, which are connected in sequence in the horizontal direction;
the cooling liquid circulating module comprises a cooling liquid circulating pump (21) connected with the fuel cell stack (61), a thermostat (22), a radiator (23), a cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) and a sensor (25) used for detecting the temperature and pressure of cooling liquid entering the stack, two outlet ends of the thermostat (22) are respectively connected with the radiator (23) and the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24), and the radiator (23) and the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) are arranged in parallel.
3. An auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to a fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) is a surface heat exchanger, and the surface heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger, a fin type heat exchanger or a shell-and-tube type heat exchanger.
4. An auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to a fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein: the catalytic combustion heating module comprises a mixing chamber (33), the mixing chamber (33) is connected with a catalytic combustion reactor (35) through a mixed gas outlet electromagnetic valve (34), heat generated by the catalytic combustion reactor (35) is connected to a cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) through a hot water outlet electromagnetic valve (36) to exchange heat with cooling liquid to be stacked in the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24), and then is connected to the anode or the cathode of a fuel cell stack (61) through a hot water outlet three-way valve (37), catalytic reaction is carried out on the electrode surface of the fuel cell stack (61), and the fuel cell stack (61) is heated;
a hydrogen concentration sensor is arranged in the mixing chamber (33); a temperature sensor is arranged in the catalytic combustion reactor (35);
the gases of the hydrogen supply module and the air supply module are respectively connected into a mixing chamber (33) through a first electromagnetic valve (31) and a second electromagnetic valve (32).
5. The auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to the fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein: the electric heating module comprises a secondary battery (41), a modulation controller (42), a sensor (43) for detecting the internal temperature of the fuel cell stack (61), an electric heating assembly arranged in the fuel cell stack (61) and an electric heating assembly arranged in the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24);
the secondary battery (41) is connected with a fuel cell stack (61) through a modulation controller (42);
the electric heating assembly arranged in the fuel cell stack (61) and the electric heating assembly arranged in the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) are both supplied with electric energy by a secondary battery (41).
6. An auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to a fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein: the electric heating component in the fuel cell stack (61) is a heating wire arranged on the surface of a membrane electrode of the fuel cell stack (61) or a heating wire and a heating sheet embedded in a bipolar plate, and can adjust heating power;
the electric heating component in the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) is an electric heating wire, an electric heating rod or an electric heating sheet which can adjust heating power.
7. The auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to the fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein: the tail gas treatment module comprises a first gas-liquid separator (51) connected with an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack (61), a second gas-liquid separator (54) connected with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack (61) and a tail gas treatment electromagnetic valve (53); the first gas-liquid separator (51) is connected with the tail gas mixing chamber (57) through an anode outlet electromagnetic valve (52); the output end of the second gas-liquid separator (54) is connected to a tail gas mixing chamber (57) through a back pressure valve (55) and a cathode outlet electromagnetic valve (56) in sequence; the tail gas exhaust treatment electromagnetic valve (53) is connected with the air pile-in electromagnetic valve (15) and is used for regulating and controlling the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas mixing chamber (57); and a hydrogen concentration sensor is arranged in the tail gas mixing chamber (57).
8. An auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to a fuel cell according to claim 7, wherein: the control module is connected with the hydrogen supply module, the oxygen supply module, the cooling liquid circulation module, the catalytic combustion heating module, the electric heating module, the fuel cell stack (61) and the tail gas treatment module, and controls the start-stop and auxiliary start mode switching of all the components in the system according to data detected by all the sensors.
9. An auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to a fuel cell according to claim 8, wherein: the auxiliary low-temperature cold start system has two auxiliary start modes, namely a mode I and a mode II; when the first mode is started, the catalytic combustion heating module and the electric heating module work simultaneously; when the second mode is started, the electric heating module works, the hydrogen supply module and the air supply module are started, and the fuel cell stack (61) starts to run at low power.
10. The control method of the auxiliary low-temperature cold start system applied to the fuel cell as claimed in claim 9, is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, detecting the temperature T of a fuel cell stack (61), and judging whether the temperature T is lower than a normal starting temperature T0If yes, executing step 2; otherwise, executing step 15;
step 2, detecting the temperature T of the fuel cell stack (61), and judging whether the temperature T is lower than the mode switching temperature T1If yes, executing step 3; otherwise, executing step 11;
step 3, starting a first starting mode, and starting a hydrogen gas inlet valve (3), an air compressor (13) and a cooling liquid circulating pump (21);
step 4, opening the first electromagnetic valve (31) and the second electromagnetic valve (32), and respectively connecting hydrogen and air into the mixing chamber (33) through the first electromagnetic valve (31) and the second electromagnetic valve (32) until the concentration of the hydrogen in the mixing chamber (33) reaches a first set concentration;
step 5, opening a mixed gas outlet electromagnetic valve (34), connecting the mixed gas reaching a first set concentration into a catalytic combustion reactor (35), and generating heat through catalytic combustion reaction until the temperature in the catalytic reaction combustor (35) reaches a first set temperature;
step 6, starting an electric heating assembly arranged in the fuel cell stack (61) and an electric heating assembly arranged in the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) to respectively heat the fuel cell stack (61) and the cooling liquid to be stacked;
step 7, opening a heat flow outlet electromagnetic valve (36), connecting heat flow reaching a first set temperature into a cooling liquid heat exchanger (24), heating cooling liquid to be stacked, controlling the temperature of the stacked cooling liquid at a second set temperature, reducing the temperature of the heat flow, and controlling the temperature of the heat flow entering the stack at a third set temperature;
step 8, opening a heat flow outlet three-way valve (37), respectively connecting heat flows after heat exchange with the cooling liquid to the anode or the cathode of the fuel cell stack (61), and generating catalytic reaction on the surface of the electrode of the fuel cell stack (61) to heat the fuel cell stack (61);
9, tail gas discharged by the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell stack (61) is connected into a tail gas mixing chamber (57), a hydrogen concentration sensor detects the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas mixing chamber (57) and judges whether the hydrogen concentration is lower than a second set concentration, and if the hydrogen concentration is lower than the second set concentration, the tail gas is directly discharged; otherwise, the tail gas treatment electromagnetic valve (53) is opened, and air is introduced into the tail gas mixing chamber (57) until the concentration of hydrogen in the tail gas mixing chamber (57) is lower than a second set concentration;
step 10, dynamically executing step 1 along with the temperature rise of the galvanic pile;
step 11, in a second starting mode, closing the first electromagnetic valve (31) and the second electromagnetic valve (32), opening the hydrogen stack entering electromagnetic valve (5) and the air stack entering electromagnetic valve (15), and starting the fuel cell stack (61) to run;
step 12, starting an electric heating assembly arranged in the fuel cell stack (61) and an electric heating assembly arranged in the cooling liquid heat exchanger (24) to respectively heat the fuel cell stack (61) and the cooling liquid to be stacked;
step 13, tail gas exhausted from the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell stack is connected into a tail gas mixing chamber (57), a hydrogen concentration sensor detects the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas mixing chamber (57) and judges whether the hydrogen concentration is lower than a second set concentration, and if the hydrogen concentration is lower than the second set concentration, the tail gas is directly exhausted; otherwise, the tail gas treatment electromagnetic valve (53) is opened, and air is introduced into the tail gas mixing chamber (57) until the concentration of hydrogen in the tail gas mixing chamber (57) is lower than a second set concentration;
step 14, dynamically executing step 1 along with the temperature rise of the galvanic pile;
and step 15, closing each auxiliary starting assembly, and normally operating the fuel cell stack (61).
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