WO2023164876A1 - 多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机 - Google Patents

多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023164876A1
WO2023164876A1 PCT/CN2022/079027 CN2022079027W WO2023164876A1 WO 2023164876 A1 WO2023164876 A1 WO 2023164876A1 CN 2022079027 W CN2022079027 W CN 2022079027W WO 2023164876 A1 WO2023164876 A1 WO 2023164876A1
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Prior art keywords
rotor
phase
yoke
winding
stator
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PCT/CN2022/079027
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗灿
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罗灿
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Application filed by 罗灿 filed Critical 罗灿
Priority to PCT/CN2022/079027 priority Critical patent/WO2023164876A1/zh
Publication of WO2023164876A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023164876A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wound multiphase induction motor.
  • the stator adopts a traditional multi-phase AC stator
  • the rotor adopts a single-phase rotor with a rotor winding around the rotor core yoke.
  • This is a multi-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor.
  • the main components of the motor include stator, rotor, collector ring brushes, supporting parts and casing, etc.
  • the rotor is the key component of the motor, and the performance of the motor can be improved by improving the structure and operation mechanism of the rotor.
  • the traditional wound multi-phase induction motor taking the wound three-phase induction motor as an example, the stator is a three-phase alternating current stator, the rotor is a three-phase alternating current rotor, the three-phase rotor winding on the rotor adopts the tooth winding, and the tooth winding
  • the wiring is led out through three sets of slip ring brushes.
  • the first type three variable resistors are connected to the rotor winding, and the torque and speed of the motor are controlled through the three variable resistors to control the resistance of the rotor winding, so as to improve the starting performance.
  • This is a resistance-controlled winding multi-phase induction motor.
  • the rotor winding is externally connected with a three-phase converter, and the three-phase AC current of the rotor is controlled by the three-phase converter to control the speed, active power and reactive power of the motor.
  • This is a wound double-fed asynchronous motor. Wound polyphase induction motors are good in performance but complex in structure.
  • the invention proposes that the stator of the wound multi-phase induction motor remains unchanged, and the rotor is changed to a single-phase AC rotor.
  • the single-phase winding on the rotor is wound around the yoke of the rotor core by electric wires.
  • the electric ring brush leads out.
  • the rotor winding is changed to an external variable resistor, which is greatly simplified.
  • This is a resistance-controlled multi-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor.
  • the yoke winding is changed to an external single-phase converter, and the structure of the converter is greatly simplified.
  • This is a multi-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor double-fed asynchronous motor.
  • the alternating current used by the wound multi-phase induction motor is a current in which the current potential of each phase changes sinusoidally over time, including sinusoidal alternating current, near-sinusoidal alternating current, and simulated sinusoidal alternating current generated by an inverter, all of which are mature technologies.
  • the control of alternating current adopts mature technologies, such as current hysteresis control, space vector control, variable voltage variable frequency control, field oriented control, direct torque control, optimal efficiency control, pulse width modulation control and sensorless control, etc.
  • the invention proposes a rotor motor with multi-phase stator and single-phase yoke winding, which improves the motor by improving the rotor structure and operating mechanism, and simplifies the rotor structure, collector ring brush structure and external control mechanism.
  • the motor industry needs the multi-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor of the present invention.
  • the multi-phase stator single-phase yoke-winding rotor motor of the present invention includes a resistance-controlled multi-phase stator single-phase yoke-winding rotor motor and a multi-phase stator single-phase yoke-winding rotor double-fed asynchronous motor. It is composed of rotor, stator, collector ring brush, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism, etc. The stator, collector ring brushes, supporting components, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the present invention is characterized in that: the rotor winding is wound around the yoke of the rotor iron core, and single-phase alternating current flows through the rotor winding.
  • the rotor consists of a rotor shaft, a rotor core and a rotor winding.
  • the rotor shaft adopts proven technology and is available in solid or non-solid construction.
  • the rotor core is manufactured using proven technology using high-flux materials, including teeth and yokes. For example, it is made of silicon steel, laminated silicon steel, and the like.
  • the rotor core is set as required, so that each tooth is evenly arranged in the circumferential direction and faces outward toward the stator.
  • the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor. The yoke connects each tooth to form a rotor core.
  • the number of teeth is equal to the number of rotor pole pairs multiplied by 2.
  • the rotor winding uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the rotor core to form the yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke section.
  • One section of positive yoke winding and one section of negative yoke winding correspond to a pair of rotor pole pairs.
  • the rotor windings are marked as x, x′ and x′′, etc.
  • each yoke winding are determined according to the yoke orientation method: select a section of the stator core parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and assume that the clockwise direction in the section is
  • the magnetic flux of the yoke is positive, that is, when the N pole direction of the yoke magnetic flux is clockwise, it is the positive yoke magnetic flux, and when the N pole direction of the yoke magnetic flux is counterclockwise, it is the negative yoke magnetic flux.
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a positive current flows is a positive yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a positive current flows is a negative yoke winding
  • a negative yoke winding is formed when a negative current flows.
  • the yoke winding with positive yoke magnetic flux is negative yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms negative yoke magnetic flux when negative current flows is positive yoke winding.
  • each yoke winding flows single-phase alternating current
  • the yoke magnetic flux in each yoke has only one direction, or the magnetic flux is zero.
  • the adjacent same-direction yoke magnetic flux is connected in series, and the adjacent different-direction yoke magnetic flux Mutual gathering. Gathered at the nearest teeth to form a magnetic pole.
  • N pole end the most adjacent teeth form positive tooth magnetic flux to form N poles
  • the teeth closest to the tail one end of the S pole
  • the magnetic poles formed by the aggregation change to form an alternating rotor magnetic field, and the alternating rotor magnetic field and the rotating stator
  • the magnetic field induces each other, and the motor starts or runs.
  • the alternating rotor magnetic field is a magnetic field that alternates with the magnetic flux that does not rotate relative to the rotor; when the alternating rotor magnetic field is formed by direct current, the frequency of the alternating rotor magnetic field is zero. What is the effect of the mutual induction of the alternating rotor magnetic field and the rotating stator magnetic field? No one has studied it before.
  • the present invention proposes the operating rules between the rotating stator magnetic field, the rotating rotor and the alternating rotor magnetic field: the number of pole pairs of the rotor is equal to the number of pole pairs of the stator
  • the mutual induction between the alternating rotor magnetic field and the rotating stator magnetic field will cause the rotor to rotate.
  • the rotor rotation in the rotating stator magnetic field will induce a single-phase alternating current in the single-phase rotor winding.
  • Multi-phase alternating current is induced in the armature winding; the changing speed of the alternating rotor magnetic field plus the rotor speed is equal to the rotating stator magnetic field speed.
  • the N pole is the north pole
  • the S pole is the south pole
  • + is a positive sign
  • - is a negative sign.
  • the setting method of the rotor winding is as follows: when the number of pole pairs of the rotor is 1, the rotor core has two teeth and two sections of yoke, and the positive and negative sections of the yoke are arranged with two sections of yoke windings alternately, that is, x-phase positive yoke windings (+x) and x-phase negative yoke winding (-x), as shown in Figure 1.
  • the rotor core has four teeth and four sections of yoke, and four sections of yoke windings are arranged on the yoke in alternating positive and negative positions, that is, the positive yoke winding of phase x No.
  • the stator is composed of a stator core, an armature winding and a control circuit; it includes a two-phase AC stator, a three-phase AC stator and a multi-phase AC stator, which flow through two-phase AC, three-phase AC and multi-phase AC respectively to form a rotating stator magnetic field. Both the power supply of the stator and the control of the stator adopt mature technology.
  • the collector ring brush is the circuit interface between the rotor winding and the external control mechanism, and two sets of collector ring brushes are used.
  • Supporting components include supports, brackets, shafts and bearings.
  • the casing is the supporting and protecting part around the motor. Slip ring brushes, supporting components and casings are of mature technology.
  • the control mechanism is an external mechanism that controls the rotor winding. There are two types, one of which is used. The first is a variable resistor. The second type is a single-phase converter. For example, a bidirectional four-quadrant single-phase converter composed of IGBTs controlled by pulse width modulation.
  • the control mechanism adopts mature technology, and the control mechanism is connected with the rotor winding through two sets of collector ring brushes.
  • the rotor, stator, collector ring brushes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism form a resistance-controlled multi-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor, and the control mechanism uses a variable resistor.
  • the stator circulates multi-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field, which forms an induced current in the rotor winding; through the variable resistor to control the rotor winding current, the motor can be controlled to obtain the maximum starting torque, maximum running torque, etc.
  • the rotor, stator, collector ring brushes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism constitute a multi-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor double-fed asynchronous motor, and the control mechanism adopts a single-phase converter.
  • the stator circulates multi-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field, which induces induction with the rotor; through the single-phase converter to control the amplitude, frequency, phase and other indicators of the rotor winding current to control the motor's speed, active power, reactive power, etc.
  • the current control of the converter is a mature technology.
  • FIG. 1 for the sectional view of a three-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor with a pair of pole pairs.
  • the stator in the figure is a three-phase AC stator, and the teeth of the stator core indicate the phase number of the armature winding at this position; The phase number is a mature technology for marking AC windings.
  • 4 is the rotor shaft
  • 5 is the rotor core
  • 6 is the positive yoke winding of the rotor
  • 7 is the negative yoke winding of the rotor.
  • FIG 2 for the sectional view of a three-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor with two pairs of pole pairs.
  • the stator in the figure is a three-phase AC stator, and the teeth of the stator core are marked with the phase number of the armature winding at this position.
  • 4 is the rotor shaft
  • 5 is the rotor core
  • 6 is the positive yoke winding of the rotor
  • 7 is the negative yoke winding of the rotor.
  • FIG 3 for the sectional view of a two-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor with a pair of pole pairs.
  • the stator in the figure is a two-phase AC stator, and the teeth of the stator core are marked with the phase number of the armature winding at this position.
  • FIG. 4 is the rotor shaft, 5 is the rotor core, 6 is the positive yoke winding of the rotor, and 7 is the negative yoke winding of the rotor.
  • FIG. 4 for the section view of a two-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor with two pairs of pole pairs.
  • the stator in the figure is a two-phase AC stator, and the teeth of the stator core are marked with the phase number of the armature winding at this position.
  • 4 is the rotor shaft, 5 is the rotor core, 6 is the positive yoke winding of the rotor, and 7 is the negative yoke winding of the rotor.
  • Fig. 1 Fig.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional resistance-controlled wire-wound multi-phase induction motor, in which 2 is the three-phase rotor winding of the rotor, 3 is three collector rings, 4 is three brushes, and 5 is three adjustable Varistor.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional wound multi-phase induction doubly-fed asynchronous motor, in which 2 is the three-phase rotor winding of the rotor, 3 is three collector rings, 4 is three brushes, and the three brushes are connected with Three-phase converter connection.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a resistance-controlled multi-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor. In the figure, 3 is the positive yoke winding of the rotor, 4 is the negative yoke winding of the rotor, 5 is two collector rings, and 6 is two Brush, 7 is a variable resistor.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of a multi-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor double-fed asynchronous motor, in which 3 is the positive yoke winding of the rotor, 4 is the negative yoke winding of the rotor, 5 is two collector rings, and 6 is two Electric brushes, two sets of collector ring brushes are connected with the single-phase converter.
  • the single-phase converter only needs to control the single-phase current of the rotor winding, the circuit structure of the single-phase converter is greatly simplified, and the required electrical components are greatly saved.
  • the traditional wound multi-phase induction motor adopts a multi-phase AC stator and a three-phase AC rotor.
  • the number of phases of the stator is the same as that of the rotor, and the rotor windings are wound around the teeth of the rotor core; the magnetic poles are formed by the traditional tooth windings.
  • the operating mechanism of the rotor magnetic field is formed; three sets of collector ring brushes are used; the rotor structure, collector ring brush structure and control mechanism are complex; see Figure 5 and Figure 6.
  • the multi-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor adopts a multi-phase AC stator and a single-phase AC rotor.
  • the rotor winding is wound around the yoke of the rotor core, which is an innovation in the rotor structure; each yoke winding forms a yoke flux concentration
  • the formation of magnetic poles finally forms the alternating rotor magnetic field, which is an innovation in the operating mechanism; two sets of collector ring brushes are used; the rotor structure, collector ring brush structure and control mechanism are simple.
  • the present invention proposes an operating rule between the rotating stator magnetic field, the rotating rotor and the alternating rotor magnetic field, which did not exist before.
  • the multi-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor is also beneficial in that: due to the magnetic flux gathering effect of the yoke to form the magnetic poles, the efficiency of forming the rotor magnetic field is high. Since there are only yoke windings in the same direction and no yoke windings in different directions on the same yoke section, there is no mutual interference, and the rotor efficiency is high. Since a part of the rotor yoke windings surrounds the inner side of the yoke of the rotor core, the teeth required for the rotor core are relatively short in height and light in weight.
  • the invention innovates the structure and operation mechanism of the rotor, simplifies the structure of the collector ring brush and the control mechanism, reduces the dead weight and improves the efficiency. There wasn't an identical motor before this one.
  • the description of the present invention takes a radial flux inner rotor motor as an example. Those skilled in the art can apply the present invention to radial flux outer rotor motors or axial flux motors by using topology technology.
  • the description of the present invention takes the radial flux inner rotor motor as an example, and the present invention also includes radial flux outer rotor motors, axial flux motors, linear motors, etc., which can be easily deduced by those skilled in the art by using topology technology.
  • the present invention narrates the motor whose rotor pole logarithm and stator pole logarithm are 1; the present invention also includes the motor whose rotor pole logarithm and stator pole logarithm are N, and those skilled in the art can use public knowledge to deduce, where N is a natural number. These motors all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. See Figures 2 and 4.
  • the core of the present invention is that the rotor adopts single-phase yoke winding as the rotor winding, and the single-phase rotor winding described in the two embodiments is connected to the control mechanism through two sets of collector ring brushes.
  • connection between the single-phase rotor winding and the control mechanism is changed to a wireless connection, as long as the rotor winding adopts the single-phase yoke winding of the present invention as the rotor winding, it belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
  • phase numbers of different windings above or adding """ to the phase numbers is a mature technology.
  • the phase numbers originally applied to the armature windings of traditional motors are also applied to the yoke sections of the rotor in the present invention.
  • the phase number of the upper winding. x, x' and x" represent different sections of the yoke winding of the rotor winding. When there is one pair of pole pairs, “'” and “"" do not appear. When there are two pairs of pole pairs, “'” appears. When there are three pairs of pole pairs, “'” and “”” are both Appear.
  • the above-mentioned circulating single-phase alternating current is a mature technology.
  • the rotor core, high magnetic flux material, yoke, tooth, tooth height, magnetic pole, aggregation, alternating rotor magnetic field, rotating stator magnetic field and pole pair number are all mature technologies.
  • the wires, armature windings, tooth windings, windings, positive poles, negative poles, connections and electrical phases are all well-established technologies.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a three-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor with a pair of pole pairs, which is also a schematic diagram of embodiment 1.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is the rotor shaft
  • 5 is the rotor core
  • 6 is the rotor positive yoke winding
  • 7 is the rotor negative Yoke winding.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a three-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor with two pairs of pole pairs.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is the rotor shaft
  • 5 is the rotor core
  • 6 is the rotor positive yoke winding
  • 7 is the rotor negative Yoke winding.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a two-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor with a pair of pole pairs, which is also a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is the rotor shaft
  • 5 is the rotor core
  • 6 is the rotor positive yoke winding
  • 7 is the rotor negative Yoke winding.
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a two-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor with two pairs of pole pairs.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is the rotor shaft
  • 5 is the rotor core
  • 6 is the rotor positive yoke winding
  • 7 is the rotor negative Yoke winding.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional resistor-controlled wound three-phase induction motor.
  • 1 is the position of the stator
  • 2 is the three-phase rotor winding of the rotor
  • 3 is three collector rings
  • 4 is three brushes
  • 5 is three variable resistors.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional wound three-phase induction doubly-fed asynchronous motor.
  • 1 is the position of the stator
  • 2 is the three-phase rotor winding of the rotor
  • 3 is three collector rings
  • 4 is three brushes.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a resistance-controlled three-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor with a pair of pole pairs.
  • 1 is the stator position
  • 2 is the air gap position
  • 3 is the positive yoke winding of the rotor
  • 4 is the negative yoke winding of the rotor
  • 5 is two collector rings
  • 6 is two brushes
  • 7 is a variable resistor .
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of a three-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor doubly-fed asynchronous motor with a pair of pole pairs.
  • 1 is the stator position
  • 2 is the air gap position
  • 3 is the positive yoke winding of the rotor
  • 4 is the negative yoke winding of the rotor
  • 5 is two collector rings
  • 6 is two brushes.
  • Embodiment 1 A resistance-controlled three-phase stator single-phase yoke-winding rotor motor with a pair of pole pairs consists of a rotor, a stator, a collector ring brush, a supporting component, a casing, and a control mechanism. See Figure 1.
  • the rotor consists of a rotor shaft, a rotor core and a rotor winding.
  • the rotor shaft adopts mature technology and is a non-solid structure.
  • the rotor core adopts mature technology and is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel, including teeth and yoke.
  • the rotor core is set as required, so that the two teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction and outwardly facing the stator, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the two yokes are connected to the two teeth to form the rotor core.
  • the rotor winding uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the rotor core to form the yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke of the rotor core.
  • the rotor winding is marked as x.
  • the positive and negative of the yoke windings are determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the setting method of the rotor winding is as follows: the number of pole pairs of the rotor is 1, the rotor core has two teeth and two sections of yoke, and the positive and negative sections of the yoke are provided with two sections of yoke windings alternately, that is, x-phase positive yoke windings (+ x) and x-phase negative yoke winding (-x), as shown in Figure 1.
  • the stator is composed of stator core, armature winding and control circuit. It is a three-phase AC stator that flows through three-phase AC to form a rotating stator magnetic field. A single-phase alternating current induced current is induced in the rotor winding to form a rotor induced magnetic field. Both the power supply of the stator and the control of the stator adopt mature technology.
  • the collector ring brush is the circuit interface between the rotor winding and the external control mechanism.
  • Two sets of collector ring brushes are connected to a variable resistor, see Figure 7.
  • Supporting components include supports, brackets, shafts and bearings.
  • the casing is the supporting and protecting part around the motor. Slip ring brushes, supporting components and casings are of mature technology.
  • the control mechanism uses a variable resistor.
  • the control mechanism adopts mature technology.
  • the rotor, stator, collector ring brushes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism form a resistance-controlled three-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor motor, and the control mechanism uses a variable resistor.
  • the stator circulates three-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field, which forms an induced current in the rotor winding; through the variable resistor to control the rotor winding current, the motor can be controlled to obtain the maximum starting torque, maximum running torque, etc.
  • Embodiment 2 A double-fed asynchronous motor with a pair of pole pairs, a two-phase stator, a single-phase yoke winding, and a rotor. See Figure 3.
  • the rotor consists of a rotor shaft, a rotor core and a rotor winding.
  • the rotor shaft adopts mature technology and is a non-solid structure.
  • the rotor core adopts mature technology and is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel, including teeth and yoke.
  • the rotor core is set as required so that the two teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction and outwardly facing the stator, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the two yokes connect the two teeth to form the rotor core.
  • the rotor winding uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the rotor core to form the yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke of the rotor core.
  • the rotor winding is marked as x.
  • the positive and negative of the yoke windings are determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the setting method of the rotor winding is as follows: the number of pole pairs of the rotor is 1, the rotor core has two teeth and two sections of yoke, and the positive and negative sections of the yoke are provided with two sections of yoke windings alternately, that is, x-phase positive yoke windings (+ x) and x-phase negative yoke winding (-x), as shown in Figure 3.
  • the stator is composed of stator core, armature winding and control circuit. It is a two-phase AC stator, which flows through two-phase AC to form a rotating stator magnetic field. Both the power supply of the stator and the control of the stator adopt mature technology.
  • the slip ring brush is the circuit interface between the rotor winding and the external control mechanism, and two sets of slip ring brushes are connected to the single-phase converter, see Figure 8.
  • Supporting components include supports, brackets, shafts and bearings.
  • the casing is the supporting and protecting part around the motor. Slip ring brushes, supporting components and casings are of mature technology.
  • the control mechanism adopts a single-phase converter, which is a single-phase converter composed of IGBTs controlled by pulse width modulation, and controls the single-phase alternating current of the rotor winding.
  • the control mechanism adopts mature technology.
  • the rotor, stator, collector ring brush, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism constitute a two-phase stator single-phase yoke winding rotor double-fed asynchronous motor, and the control mechanism adopts a single-phase converter.
  • the stator circulates two-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field, which induces induction with the rotor; through the single-phase converter to control the amplitude, frequency, phase and other indicators of the rotor winding current to control the motor's speed, active power, reactive power, etc.
  • the motor of this embodiment can be used as a motor or as a generator. It is a mature technology for the converter to control the rotor winding current.
  • the pole arc, tooth width, tooth height (extremely high), tooth shape, yoke thickness, wire diameter, number of turns, detailed properties of the stator and detailed properties of the control mechanism of the rotor are not shown.
  • the optimization of these indicators adopts mature technology.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机，包括电阻控制型多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机和多相定子单相轭绕组转子双馈异步电机，由转子、定子、集电环电刷、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等组成。转子绕组围绕转子铁芯轭部绕制，转子绕组流通单相交流电。转子形成交变转子磁场，与转动定子磁场相互感应，电机运行。控制机构有两种，任选其一，第一种是一个可变电阻；第二种是单相变流器。定子、集电环电刷、轴承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。

Description

多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种绕线式多相感应电机。具体是定子采用传统多相交流电定子，转子采用围绕转子铁芯轭部设置转子绕组的单相转子，这就是多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机。
背景技术
电机的主要部件包括定子、转子、集电环电刷、支承部件和机壳等。转子是电机的关键部件，改进转子结构和运行机制，就可以改进电机性能。传统绕线式多相感应电机，以绕线式三相感应电机为例，定子是三相交流电定子，转子是三相交流电转子，转子上的三相转子绕组采用齿部绕组，齿部绕组的接线通过三套集电环电刷引出。第一种，转子绕组外接三个可变电阻，通过三个可变电阻控制转子绕组阻值来控制电机的转矩、转速，改善启动性能，这是电阻控制型绕线式多相感应电机。第二种，转子绕组外接三相变流器，通过三相变流器控制转子的三相交流电来控制电机的转速、有功功率、无功功率，这是绕线式双馈异步电机。绕线式多相感应电机性能很好但结构复杂。本发明提出，绕线式多相感应电机的定子不变，转子改为单相交流电转子，转子上的单相绕组采用电线围绕转子铁芯的轭部绕制，转子绕组的接线通过两套集电环电刷引出。第一种，转子绕组改为外接一个可变电阻，大大简化，这是电阻控制型多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机。第二种，轭部绕组改为外接单相变流器，变流器结构大大简化，这是多相定子单相轭绕组转子双馈异步电机。总之，新电机创新简化了转子结构，也创新了轭部磁通运行机制；简化了集电环电刷以及电机外接的控制机构。所述绕线式多相感应电机采用的交流电是每相电流电势随时间按正弦分布变化的电流，包括正弦交流电、接近正弦的交流电、逆变器产生的模拟正弦交流电等，均为成熟技术。对交流电的控制采用成熟技术，例如电流滞环控制、空间矢量控制、变压变频控制、磁场定向控制、直接转矩控制、最优效率控制、脉宽调制控制和无传感器控制等。
本发明提出多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机，通过改进转子结构和运行机制来改进电机，简化了转子结构、集电环电刷结构和外接的控制机构。电机行业需要本发明多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机。
发明内容
本发明多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机，包括电阻控制型多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机和多相定子单相轭绕组转子双馈异步电机。由转子、定子、集电环电刷、支承部件、机壳和控 制机构等组成。所述定子、集电环电刷、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。本发明特征在于：转子绕组围绕转子铁芯轭部绕制，转子绕组中流通单相交流电。
转子由转子轴、转子铁芯和转子绕组组成。转子轴采用成熟技术，采用实心结构或非实心结构。转子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料制造，包括齿部与轭部。例如采用硅钢、层叠硅钢等制造。根据需要设置转子铁芯，使各个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置向外朝向定子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，轭部连接各个齿部形成转子铁芯。齿部数等于转子极对数乘以2。
转子绕组采用电线围绕转子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置。一段正轭部绕组和一段负轭部绕组对应一对转子极对数。转子绕组标示为x、x′和x″等。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定：平行于转子运动方向选定一个定子铁芯截面，设该截面图中顺时针方向为轭部磁通正向，即当轭部磁通的N极方向顺时针就是正向轭部磁通，当轭部磁通的N极方向逆时针时就是负向轭部磁通。按右手螺旋定则，流通正电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组，流通正电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，流通负电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，流通负电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组。各轭部绕组流通单相交流电时，在转子轭部形成多段轭部磁通，每一段轭部中的轭部磁通只有一种方向，或磁通为零。相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联，相邻的异向轭部磁通相互聚集。聚集在最邻近的齿部形成磁极。在一组轭部磁通头部(N极一端)最邻近的齿部形成正向齿部磁通形成N极，在一组轭部磁通尾部(S极一端)最邻近的齿部形成负向齿部磁通形成S极。随着单相交流电电相位变化，聚集形成的磁极变化，形成交变转子磁场，交变转子磁场与转动定子磁场相互感应，电机启动或运行。所述交变转子磁场是与转子没有相对转动的磁通交替变化的磁场；当形成交变转子磁场的是直流电时，该交变转子磁场的频率为零。交变转子磁场与转动定子磁场相互感应会有什么效果？此前无人研究。本发明提出转动定子磁场、转动转子和交变转子磁场之间的运行规则：转子极对数与定子极对数相等，交变转子磁场与转动定子磁场相互感应会导致转子转动，转动定子磁场中转子转动会在单相转子绕组中感应形成单相交流电，具有交变转子磁场的转子转动会在多相交流电定子的电枢绕组中感应形成多相交流电；交变转子磁场变化速度加上转子转速等于转动定子磁场转速。N极是北极，S极是南极，+是正号，-是负号。
转子绕组设置方式为：转子极对数为1时，转子铁芯有二个齿部和二段轭部，在轭部上正负相间地设置二段轭部绕组，即x相正轭部绕组(+x)和x相负轭部绕组(-x)，如图1。转子极对数为2时，转子铁芯有四个齿部和四段轭部，在轭部上正负相间地设置四段轭部绕组，即x相一号正轭部绕组(+x)、x相一号负轭部绕组(-x)、x相二号正轭部绕组(+x′) 和x相二号负轭部绕组(-x′)，如图2。转子极对数为更多时，转子绕组设置方式依此类推。
定子由定子铁芯、电枢绕组和控制电路组成；包括二相交流电定子、三相交流电定子和多相交流电定子，分别流通二相交流电、三相交流电和多相交流电，形成转动定子磁场。定子的电源和对定子的控制均采用成熟技术。
集电环电刷是转子绕组与外接的控制机构之间的电路接口，采用二套集电环电刷。支承部件包括支座、支架、轴和轴承等。机壳是电机外围的支撑和保护部件。集电环电刷、支承部件和机壳采用成熟技术。
控制机构是控制转子绕组的外接机构，有两种，采用其一。第一种是一个可变电阻。第二种是单相变流器。例如采用脉宽调制控制的IGBT组成的双向四象限单相变流器。控制机构均采用成熟技术，控制机构与转子绕组通过两套集电环电刷连接。
转子、定子、集电环电刷、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成电阻控制型多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机，其中控制机构采用一个可变电阻。定子流通多相交流电形成转动定子磁场，在转子绕组中形成感应电流；通过该可变电阻控制转子绕组电流，可以控制电机获得最大启动转矩、最大运行转矩等。
转子、定子、集电环电刷、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成多相定子单相轭绕组转子双馈异步电机，其中控制机构采用单相变流器。定子流通多相交流电形成转动定子磁场，与转子发生感应；通过单相变流器控制转子绕组电流的幅值、频率、相位等指标来控制电机的转速、有功功率、无功功率等。所述变流器控制电流为成熟技术。
具有一对极对数的三相定子单相轭绕组转子电机剖面图参见图1，图中定子为三相交流电定子，定子铁芯齿部标示的是该位置电枢绕组的相位序号；所述相位序号是交流电绕组标示的成熟技术。图中4是转子轴，5是转子铁芯，6是转子正轭部绕组，7是转子负轭部绕组。具有二对极对数的三相定子单相轭绕组转子电机剖面图参见图2，图中定子为三相交流电定子，定子铁芯齿部标示的是该位置电枢绕组的相位序号。图中4是转子轴，5是转子铁芯，6是转子正轭部绕组，7是转子负轭部绕组。具有一对极对数的二相定子单相轭绕组转子电机剖面图参见图3，图中定子为二相交流电定子，定子铁芯齿部标示的是该位置电枢绕组的相位序号。图中4是转子轴，5是转子铁芯，6是转子正轭部绕组，7是转子负轭部绕组。具有二对极对数的二相定子单相轭绕组转子电机剖面图参见图4，图中定子为二相交流电定子，定子铁芯齿部标示的是该位置电枢绕组的相位序号。图中4是转子轴，5是转子铁芯，6是转子正轭部绕组，7是转子负轭部绕组。图1、图2、图3和图4中，集电环电刷、支撑部件和控制机构等未剖到，机壳等未画出；各定子电枢绕组和各转子绕组都简化以二三匝线圈示意，实际匝数按实际需求设置。图5是传统电阻控制型绕线式多相感应电机的电路简图，图中2 是转子的三相转子绕组，3是三个集电环，4是三个电刷，5是三个可变电阻。图6是传统绕线式多相感应双馈异步电机的电路简图，图中2是转子的三相转子绕组，3是三个集电环，4是三个电刷，三个电刷与三相变流器连接。图7是电阻控制型多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机的电路简图，图中3是转子正轭部绕组，4是转子负轭部绕组，5是二个集电环，6是二个电刷，7是一个可变电阻。图8是多相定子单相轭绕组转子双馈异步电机的电路简图，图中3是转子正轭部绕组，4是转子负轭部绕组，5是二个集电环，6是二个电刷，二套集电环电刷与单相变流器连接。相比多相变流器控制转子绕组多相电流，单相变流器只需要控制转子绕组单相电流，单相变流器的电路结构大为简化，所需电器元件大为节省。
传统绕线式多相感应电机，采用多相交流电定子和三相交流电转子，定子相数与转子相数相同，其转子绕组围绕转子铁芯的齿部绕制；具有传统的齿部绕组形成磁极最终形成转子磁场的运行机制；采用三套集电环电刷；转子结构、集电环电刷结构和控制机构复杂；参见图5和图6。多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机，采用多相交流电定子和单相交流电转子，转子绕组围绕转子铁芯的轭部绕制，这是转子结构的创新；各轭部绕组形成轭部磁通聚集形成磁极最终形成交变转子磁场，这是运行机制的创新；采用两套集电环电刷；转子结构、集电环电刷结构和控制机构简单。本发明提出了转动定子磁场、转动转子和交变转子磁场之间的运行规则，此前没有这种运行规则。多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机，有益之处还在于：由于轭部磁通聚集形成磁极的聚磁效应，形成转子磁场的效率较高。由于设置在同一段轭部上只有同向的轭部绕组，没有异向轭部绕组，不相互干扰，转子效率较高。由于转子轭部绕组的一部分围绕在转子铁芯轭部的内侧，转子铁芯需要的齿部高度较矮，自重较轻。本发明创新了转子的结构和运行机制，简化了集电环电刷结构和控制机构，减小了自重，提高了效率。在此之前没有相同的电机。本发明的描述以径向磁通内转子电机为例，业内技术人员可利用拓扑技术把本发明应用于径向磁通外转子电机或轴向磁通电机等。本发明的描述以径向磁通内转子电机为例，本发明也包括径向磁通外转子电机、轴向磁通电机、直线电机等，业内技术人员可利用拓扑技术轻易地推导出来。本发明在实施例1中叙述转子极对数和定子极对数为1的电机；本发明也包含转子极对数和定子极对数为N的电机，业内技术人员可利用公开知识推导出来，其中N为自然数。这些电机均属于本发明的保护范围。参见图2和图4。本发明的核心是转子采用单相轭部绕组作为转子绕组，两个实施例描述的单相转子绕组与控制机构之间通过两套集电环电刷连接。如果单相转子绕组与控制机构之间的连接改为无线连接，只要转子绕组采用了本发明所述单相轭部绕组作为转子绕组，就属于本发明的保护范围。
上述给不同的绕组的相位序号加“′”一撇或加“″”二撇标示为成熟技术，原本应用于传统电机的电枢绕组的相位序号，在本发明中也应用于转子各段轭部绕组相位序号。x、 x′和x″表示转子绕组的不同段轭部绕组。当具有一对极对数时，“′”和“″”不出现。当具有二对极对数时，“′”出现。当具有三对极对数时，“′”和“″”均出现。上述流通单相交流电为成熟技术。所述转子铁芯、高磁通材料、轭部、齿部、齿部高度、磁极、聚集、交变转子磁场、转动定子磁场和极对数均为成熟技术。所述电线、电枢绕组、齿部绕组、绕制、正极、负极、连接和电相位均为成熟技术。
附图说明
图1为一对极对数的三相定子单相轭绕组转子电机剖面图，也是实施例1示意图。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部绕组，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为转子轴，5为转子铁芯，6为转子正轭部绕组，7为转子负轭部绕组。
图2为二对极对数的三相定子单相轭绕组转子电机剖面图。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部绕组，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为转子轴，5为转子铁芯，6为转子正轭部绕组，7为转子负轭部绕组。
图3为一对极对数的二相定子单相轭绕组转子电机剖面图，也是实施例2示意图。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部绕组，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为转子轴，5为转子铁芯，6为转子正轭部绕组，7为转子负轭部绕组。
图4为二对极对数的二相定子单相轭绕组转子电机剖面图。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部绕组，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为转子轴，5为转子铁芯，6为转子正轭部绕组，7为转子负轭部绕组。
图5为传统的电阻控制型绕线式三相感应电机的电路简图。图中1为定子位置，2为转子的三相转子绕组，3为三个集电环，4为三个电刷，5为三个可变电阻。
图6为传统的绕线式三相感应双馈异步电机的电路简图。图中1为定子位置，2为转子的三相转子绕组，3为三个集电环，4为三个电刷。
图7为一对极对数的电阻控制型三相定子单相轭绕组转子电机的电路简图。图中1为定子位置，2为气隙位置，3为转子正轭部绕组，4为转子负轭部绕组，5为二个集电环，6为二个电刷，7为一个可变电阻。
图8为一对极对数的三相定子单相轭绕组转子双馈异步电机的电路简图。图中1为定子位置，2为气隙位置，3为转子正轭部绕组，4为转子负轭部绕组，5为二个集电环，6为二个电刷。
图1至图4中，集电环电刷、支承部件和机壳等未画出，各部件只示意相互关系，未反映实际尺寸。
具体实施方式
实施例1：一对极对数的电阻控制型三相定子单相轭绕组转子电机，由转子、定子、集电环电刷、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。参见图1。
转子由转子轴、转子铁芯和转子绕组组成。转子轴采用成熟技术，是非实心结构。转子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造，包括齿部与轭部。根据需要设置转子铁芯，使两个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置向外朝向定子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，两轭部连接两个齿部形成转子铁芯。
转子绕组采用电线围绕转子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿转子铁芯轭部分段设置。本实施例中转子绕组标示为x。轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。各轭部绕组流通单相交流电时，在转子轭部形成两段轭部磁通。相向的两段轭部磁通N极一端聚集在最邻近的齿部形成N极，相向的两段轭部磁通S极一端聚集在最邻近的齿部形成S极。随着单相交流电电相位变化，聚集形成的磁极变化，形成交变转子磁场，交变转子磁场与转动定子磁场相互感应，电机启动或运行。
转子绕组设置方式为：转子极对数为1，转子铁芯有二个齿部和二段轭部，在轭部上正负相间设置二段轭部绕组，即x相正轭部绕组(+x)和x相负轭部绕组(-x)，如图1。
定子由定子铁芯、电枢绕组和控制电路组成，是三相交流电定子，流通三相交流电，形成转动定子磁场。在转子绕组感应生成单相交流电感应电流，形成转子感应磁场。定子的电源和对定子的控制均采用成熟技术。
集电环电刷是转子绕组与外接的控制机构之间的电路接口，两套集电环电刷与一个可变电阻连接，参见图7。支承部件包括支座、支架、轴和轴承等。机壳是电机外围的支撑和保护部件。集电环电刷、支承部件和机壳采用成熟技术。
控制机构采用一个可变电阻。控制机构采用成熟技术。
转子、定子、集电环电刷、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成电阻控制型三相定子单相轭绕组转子电机，其中控制机构采用一个可变电阻。定子流通三相交流电形成转动定子磁场，在转子绕组中形成感应电流；通过该可变电阻来控制转子绕组电流，可以控制电机获得最大启动转矩、最大运行转矩等。
实施例2：一对极对数的二相定子单相轭绕组转子双馈异步电机，由转子、定子、集电环电刷、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。参见图3。
转子由转子轴、转子铁芯和转子绕组组成。转子轴采用成熟技术，是非实心结构。转子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造，包括齿部与轭部。根据需要设置转子铁芯， 使两个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置向外朝向定子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，两轭部连接两个齿部形成转子铁芯。
转子绕组采用电线围绕转子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿转子铁芯轭部分段设置。本实施例中转子绕组标示为x。轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。各轭部绕组流通单相交流电时，在转子轭部形成两段轭部磁通。相向的两段轭部磁通N极一端聚集在最邻近的齿部形成N极，相向的两段轭部磁通S极一端聚集在最邻近的齿部形成S极。随着单相交流电电相位变化，聚集形成的磁极变化，形成交变转子磁场，交变转子磁场与转动定子磁场相互感应，电机启动或运行。
转子绕组设置方式为：转子极对数为1，转子铁芯有二个齿部和二段轭部，在轭部上正负相间设置二段轭部绕组，即x相正轭部绕组(+x)和x相负轭部绕组(-x)，如图3。
定子由定子铁芯、电枢绕组和控制电路组成，是二相交流电定子，流通二相交流电，形成转动定子磁场。定子的电源和对定子的控制均采用成熟技术。
集电环电刷是转子绕组与外接的控制机构之间的电路接口，二套集电环电刷与单相变流器连接，参见图8。支承部件包括支座、支架、轴和轴承等。机壳是电机外围的支撑和保护部件。集电环电刷、支承部件和机壳采用成熟技术。
控制机构采用单相变流器，是脉宽调制控制的IGBT组成的单相变流器，控制转子绕组的单相交流电。控制机构采用成熟技术。
转子、定子、集电环电刷、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成二相定子单相轭绕组转子双馈异步电机，其中控制机构采用单相变流器。定子流通二相交流电形成转动定子磁场，与转子发生感应；通过单相变流器控制转子绕组电流的幅值、频率、相位等指标来控制电机的转速、有功功率、无功功率等。本实施例电机可作为电动机，也可作为发电机。变流器控制转子绕组电流为成熟技术。
在以上各实施例中，未显示转子的极弧、齿宽、齿高(极高)、齿形、轭厚度、线径、匝数、定子的详细性质和控制机构的详细性质等指标，对这些指标的优化均采用成熟技术。
以上描述了本发明基本原理、主要特征和优点，业内技术人员应该了解，本发明不限于上述实施例，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明的变化与改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求及同等物界定。

Claims (2)

  1. 多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机，包括电阻控制型多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机和多相定子单相轭绕组转子双馈异步电机，由转子、定子、集电环电刷、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等组成，特征在于：转子绕组围绕转子铁芯轭部绕制，转子绕组中流通单相交流电；
    转子由转子轴、转子铁芯和转子绕组组成，转子轴采用成熟技术；转子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料制造，包括齿部与轭部；齿部数等于转子极对数乘以2；
    转子绕组采用电线围绕转子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿转子铁芯轭部分段设置；各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定；各轭部绕组流通单相交流电时，在转子轭部形成多段轭部磁通，相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联，相邻的异向轭部磁通相互聚集，聚集在最邻近的齿部形成磁极，在一组轭部磁通头部(N极一端)最邻近的齿部形成齿部磁通形成N极，在一组轭部磁通尾部(S极一端)最邻近的齿部形成齿部磁通形成S极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，聚集形成的磁极变化，形成交变转子磁场，交变转子磁场与转动定子磁场相互感应，电机启动或运行；
    转子绕组设置方式为：转子极对数为1时，转子铁芯有二个齿部和二段轭部，在轭部上正负相间设置二段轭部绕组，即x相正轭部绕组(+x)和x相负轭部绕组(-x)；转子极对数为2时，转子铁芯有四个齿部和四段轭部，在轭部上正负相间设置四段轭部绕组，即x相一号正轭部绕组(+x)、x相一号负轭部绕组(-x)、x相二号正轭部绕组(+x′)和x相二号负轭部绕组(-x′)；转子极对数为更多时，转子绕组设置方式依此类推；
    定子由定子铁芯、电枢绕组和控制电路组成，包括二相交流电定子、三相交流电定子和多相交流电定子，分别流通二相交流电、三相交流电和多相交流电，形成转动定子磁场；
    集电环电刷是转子绕组与外接的控制机构之间的电路接口，采用两套集电环电刷；支承部件包括支座、支架、轴和轴承等；机壳是电机外围的支撑和保护部件；集电环电刷、支承部件和机壳采用成熟技术；
    控制机构是控制转子绕组的外接机构，有两种，采用其一，第一种是一个可变电阻，第二种是单相变流器，控制机构采用成熟技术；
    转子、定子、集电环电刷、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成电阻控制型多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机，其中控制机构采用一个可变电阻。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多相定子单相轭绕组转子电机，转子、定子、集电环电刷、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成多相定子单相轭绕组转子双馈异步电机，其中控制机构采用单相变流器。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190803592A (en) * 1907-02-21 1909-02-17 Alexandre Grammont Improvements in and relating to Electric servo-motor Systems.
GB275584A (en) * 1926-08-05 1928-10-08 Oscar Freiherr Von Kohorn Zu K Improvements in or relating to the production of alternating currents and in alternating current motors
CN2164143Y (zh) * 1992-04-13 1994-05-04 王玉法 无电刷无换向器电机
CN201601584U (zh) * 2010-01-20 2010-10-06 三一电气有限责任公司 风力发电机组及其双馈异步发电机
CN102315737A (zh) * 2010-07-06 2012-01-11 李贵祥 一种混合励磁高效电动机

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190803592A (en) * 1907-02-21 1909-02-17 Alexandre Grammont Improvements in and relating to Electric servo-motor Systems.
GB275584A (en) * 1926-08-05 1928-10-08 Oscar Freiherr Von Kohorn Zu K Improvements in or relating to the production of alternating currents and in alternating current motors
CN2164143Y (zh) * 1992-04-13 1994-05-04 王玉法 无电刷无换向器电机
CN201601584U (zh) * 2010-01-20 2010-10-06 三一电气有限责任公司 风力发电机组及其双馈异步发电机
CN102315737A (zh) * 2010-07-06 2012-01-11 李贵祥 一种混合励磁高效电动机

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