WO2023163925A1 - Puits de production à chevalet de pompage comprenant un capteur de fluide venturi et un capteur de flux capacitif - Google Patents

Puits de production à chevalet de pompage comprenant un capteur de fluide venturi et un capteur de flux capacitif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023163925A1
WO2023163925A1 PCT/US2023/013476 US2023013476W WO2023163925A1 WO 2023163925 A1 WO2023163925 A1 WO 2023163925A1 US 2023013476 W US2023013476 W US 2023013476W WO 2023163925 A1 WO2023163925 A1 WO 2023163925A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
sensor
pumpjack
venturi
pressure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2023/013476
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert D. VALTIERRA
Mark J. OZIMEK
Eugene Sisto
John H. Benton
Ricardo P. QUINTANILLA
Original Assignee
Hydroacoustics Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US17/826,715 external-priority patent/US11906336B2/en
Application filed by Hydroacoustics Inc. filed Critical Hydroacoustics Inc.
Priority to MX2024010331A priority Critical patent/MX2024010331A/es
Publication of WO2023163925A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023163925A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/40—Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
    • G01F1/44—Venturi tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B47/00—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps
    • F04B47/02—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F04B49/065—Control using electricity and making use of computers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/221—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance by investigating the dielectric properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2205/00—Fluid parameters
    • F04B2205/05—Pressure after the pump outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2205/00—Fluid parameters
    • F04B2205/50—Presence of foreign matter in the fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2207/00—External parameters
    • F04B2207/70—Warnings

Definitions

  • a device that employs a cylindrical venturi and a capacitive sensor to provide accurate characterization of both the flow rate of fluid (pressure differential) through the sensor along with the dielectric properties of the fluid to enable a characterization of the fluid as water or oil (or mixture thereof, or gas).
  • Conventional fluid flow sensors often are used to sense the flow of a liquid.
  • such sensors are generally designed to operate with a particular type of fluid and are not always suitable for monitoring the flow of unknown fluids or mixtures (e.g., oil and water).
  • Conventional sensors are intended for relatively steady state operation and may not be suitable for the dynamic flow produced by a pumpjack, where the flow comes in slugs.
  • One aspect of the venturi design was intentionally avoiding issues associated with sensors that rely on a spinning wheel or rotor to detect flow, while avoiding the cost of acoustic or magnetic sensors.
  • capacitive sensors are known to monitor the dielectric properties of the material between the sensors, thereby allowing for the characterization of the flowing fluid.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) characterize the type of fluid, so that in combination it may be possible to determine the flow rates of different fluids that may pass through the sensor.
  • the use of a three-dimensional sensor provides advantages over 2- dimensional sensors. These advantages include, although are not limited to: a.
  • the coaxial cylinders used for the sensor are commercially available purchased parts that are coated. The availability of commercial parts simplifies construction of the sensor compared to the 2-dimensional sensor plates that had to be custom-made; b.
  • the material used to separate the coaxial cylindrical cylinders is not 3D printed, which will allow for the possibility of refurbishing and re-using the cylinders as the coating wears out; c.
  • the use of coaxial cylinders for the sensor improves the ability to fully encapsulate and mix the fluids flowing through the sensor, thereby improving the sensing capability and sensor accuracy; and, d.
  • the coaxial cylinders used for the sensing portion of the sensor are separated from the electrical components and connectorized. This construction method allows for easy replacement and maintenance of the sensor portion.
  • the fluid sensor may be used in a pumpjack production well, where oil, water, and/or gas are present and may be extracted.
  • the sensor is potentially able to detect each of three possible phases of the well’s production, and to totalize the amount of water and oil produced from the well.
  • the specific combination of components disclosed herein also allows for compaction and miniaturization, where an existing well may lack space for a long compound assembly to sense fluid flow and pressure.
  • a fluid sensor comprising: a cylindrical venturi including a pair of coaxial cylinders and having a gap between an outer surface of a first coaxial cylinder and an inner surface of a second coaxial cylinder, the cylindrical venturi producing a controlled thickness of nonstratified fluid flow through the gap; a first fluid pressure sensor located on an inlet to the cylindrical venturi; a second fluid pressure sensor located just before an outlet of the venturi; a capacitive sensor that is integral to the cylindrical venturi, the capacitive sensor including a pair of conductive coaxial cylindrical metal surfaces, one located on the outer surface of the first coaxial cylinder and the other located on the inner surface of the second coaxial cylinder, for detecting the dielectric properties of the fluid flowing through the venturi.
  • a pumpjack monitoring and control system including: an in-line fluid sensor, operatively coupled to receive the fluid output of a pumpjack connected to a wellhead, and to generate pressure and capacitance signals in response to the fluid output, said fluid sensor comprising: a) a cylindrical venturi including first and second coaxial cylinders, wherein the first coaxial cylinder is located within the second coaxial cylinder, said coaxial cylinders forming a continuous, consistent, and uniform gap between an outer surface of the first coaxial cylinder and an inner surface of the second coaxial cylinder, the cylindrical venturi causing a controlled thickness of non-stratified fluid flow through the gap; b) a first fluid pressure sensor located on an inlet to the cylindrical venturi; c) a second fluid pressure sensor located upstream of an outlet of the cylindrical venturi; d) a capacitive sensor operatively associated with the cylindrical venturi, the capacitive sensor including a pair of conductive surfaces located on opposing sides of the gap in the cylindrical
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the fluid sensor incorporated within a plumbing fixture and including signal conditioner circuitry and a housing;
  • Figure 2 is an end view of the cylindrical venturi components in accordance with the disclosed embodiments
  • Figures 3 and 4 are perspective cross-sectional views of the embodiment of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 5 is an illustrative example of a method of installing a venturi sensor to a pumpjack well system;
  • Figure 6 is an illustrative example of control circuitry for incorporating the sensor into a pumpjack well system
  • Figures 7 - 11 are illustrative graphs of exemplary pressure and capacitance data generated by a venturi sensor and associated control system.
  • Figures 12 and 13 are illustrations of the sensor and signal conditioner circuitry for the embodiment of Figure 1 .
  • fluid sensor 110 includes a cylindrical venturi 120, where the venturi causes pressurized fluid(s) pumped therethrough to take the form of a controlled thickness of non-stratified fluid as the fluid flows through the cylindrical venturi.
  • the cylindrical venturi 120 reduces or eliminates stratification of the fluid flowing therethrough as a result of the combination of the cylindrical venturi region and the “necking” down of the incoming cylindrical fluid passage 122 into a thin region within the gap region 124 between the outer surface of the inner or first coaxially-aligned cylinder 126 and the outer or second coaxially-aligned cylinder 128.
  • the first coaxial cylinder 126 is located within, and along a common longitudinal axis of, the second coaxial cylinder 128 and a continuous gap 124 is formed between an outer surface 127 of the first cylinder 126 and an inner surface 129 of the second cylinder 128, the cylindrical venturi causing a controlled thickness of non-stratified fluid to flow therethrough.
  • Venturi 120 also includes a first fluid pressure sensor 130 located on inlet 132 to the venturi to measure a pressure for the pumped input fluid.
  • a second fluid pressure sensor 140 is located on the outlet end 142 of the cylindrical venturi 120 to measure a pressure of the output fluid. It will be noted that one or both sensors 130 and 140 may also be suitable for sensing the temperature of the fluid passing thereby in order to provide fluid temperature data as well as pressure data.
  • venturi 120 may be 3D printed from stereolithography-compatible resin or similar non-magnetic material. It is also contemplated that those venturi parts may be injection-molded, manufactured or machined using other well-known techniques. For durability, the venturi or other sensor components may be incorporated into a metal pipe or similar containment component (e.g., 152 in Figure 1) and potted using a durable epoxy resin.
  • the pressure sensors 130 and 140 are sensors that may be obtained from ES Systems, for example Model No. ESCP-MIS1.
  • a fluid sensor 110 made with polymeric components such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), etc. may be suitable for relatively limited (low) pressures in ranges of up to 50 psi or even 120 psi, it will be appreciated that the fluid sensor may also be designed for use in higher-pressure applications exceeding 120 psi.
  • the disclosed sensor may be employed on pressurized wells and the like. In such an embodiment, use of a differential pressure probe(s) is contemplated to handle the increased range of pressures that the venturi sensor may experience.
  • the cylindrical venturi 120 provides large surface area for the capacitive sensor 160 which is integral to the venturi 120.
  • the capacitive sensor includes a pair of coaxial or parallel conductive (e.g., metal) surfaces generally referenced as 164 in Figures 3 - 4 (e.g., made of copper, brass, etc., and with the inner surface area 129 of the outer cylinder of at least 21 sq. inches, the outer surface area 127 of the inner cylinder of at least 19 sq. inches, the thickness of the outer cylinder of at least 0.06 inches, and the thickness of the inner cylinder of at least 0.04 inches) operatively forming the cylindrical venturi.
  • coaxial or parallel conductive (e.g., metal) surfaces generally referenced as 164 in Figures 3 - 4 (e.g., made of copper, brass, etc., and with the inner surface area 129 of the outer cylinder of at least 21 sq. inches, the outer surface area 127 of the inner cylinder of at least 19 sq. inches, the thickness of the outer cylinder of at least
  • copper cylinders are employed for the conductive surface as it is easy to shape them to the appropriate size, and a conventional solder may be employed to attach electrical wire leads to the sensor cylinder surfaces 127 and 129.
  • alternative methods may be used to accomplish the conductive surfaces 127 and 129 on the coaxial cylinders.
  • a capacitance measured between the conductive surfaces 127 and 129 on the coaxial cylinders is output as the dielectric properties of the fluid flowing through the venturi, where the capacitance allows for the characterization of the fluid in the gap 124 - and in particular the ability to distinguish between the presence of water versus oil flowing through the sensor by the relative difference in dielectric properties.
  • the capacitance of the cylindrical venturi may be employed to sense the presence of impurities in any fluid flowing through it.
  • sensor 110 employing the cylindrical venturi 120 will measure dielectric values of the liquid going through it, it may be employed to measure water quality, such as water pumped or flowing from water wells or other sources.
  • a cylindrical venturi type sensor may be used as a component of an early detection system for contamination of a water supply.
  • the fluid sensor 110 allows the device to determine a fluid flow rate as a function of the input fluid pressure from sensor 130 and output fluid pressure from sensor 140.
  • the senor 110 is contained within a housing 170, which is outfitted with standard threaded couplings 172 or similar on either end thereof to provide the sensor as a complete unit suitable for being plumbed or retrofitted in-line into a pumpjack well piping system such as depicted in the example of Figure 5.
  • the venturi 120 and sensor 110 are completely self-draining after the pumpjack is shut down, thereby avoiding fluid (e.g., water) collection and potential damage to the sensor due to freezing conditions, etc.
  • a pumpjack monitoring and control system 210 such as depicted in Figures 5-6 may consist of or include an inline fluid sensor 110 in a housing 170, where the sensor is operatively coupled or plumbed, for example via couplings 172, to receive the fluid output data of a pumpjack 220 connected to a wellhead.
  • sensor 110 is used to generate and output pressure and capacitance signals in response to the fluid output, the output signals being transmitted via wire or cable 226 to control and logging circuitry within the venturi electrical controller 240.
  • the fluid sensor includes a first fluid pressure sensor at the inlet to the venturi, a second fluid pressure sensor at an outlet of the venturi, and a capacitive sensor along the opposing walls of the cylindrical venturi, where the capacitive sensor includes a pair of conductive surfaces (e.g., coaxial cylinders) as part of the cylindrical venturi, operatively associated with the coaxial cylinders so the surfaces are opposed to one another and the flow of fluid in the venturi passes between the surfaces.
  • conductive surfaces e.g., coaxial cylinders
  • the system 210 also consists of or comprises a controller 240, operating a micro-processor or similar microcontroller 254 in accordance with a set of pre-programmed instructions.
  • the controller 240 includes a printed circuit board 250, that receives output from the fluid sensor 110 via USB cable 226 connected at port 228, and processes the output signals.
  • connections to other devices may enable the exchange of information other than sensor data, including programmatic upgrades and the like.
  • the controller 240 e.g., a single board computer available from Texas Instruments company
  • the controller 240 may operate simply as a data collection device, receiving and storing the sensor output signals in memory, including converting the signals from an analog output into a digital value for storage.
  • a pin-type plug or port e.g., 4-pin
  • 264 providing wired connectivity to the pumpjack (e.g., power and motor control signals) .
  • Wireless connectivity is also provided via a localized Bluetooth or Wi-Fi connection between the controller and a portable computing device (not shown), and also contemplated is a mobile telephony or satellite link that may be integrated into controller 240 to facilitate remote data exchange.
  • a digital display 260 may be provided with controller 240, to provide status or operational information as well as real-time output of pressure or other data.
  • the system 210 further includes a power source, which may include one or more batteries for primary or backup power, and a real-time clock.
  • the venturi sensor may include an embedded digital controller 254 with which it communicates with controller 240 via a digital UART signal (e.g., RS232).
  • the venturi sensor system sends pre-digitized values for pressure, temperature, and capacitance to the controller.
  • Figure 13 is a representative illustration of the venturi system 120 with assembled electronics 310 attached.
  • the electronics board 318 includes the microcontroller 254, which communicates with the pressure sensors 130, 140, measures capacitance, stores and ultimately transmits a digital stream of sensor data to the controller 240.
  • the pressure sensors 130 and 140 are directly coupled to the electronics board 318 via wiring harnesses 350.
  • the embedded digital controller 254 is employed to convert the analog sensor signals to digital signals to mitigate noise that is usually associated with a transmitted analog signal (especially when measuring capacitance). Lastly, the ability to sense temperature of the fluid flowing through the sensor allows for a more accurate characterization of the fluid pressures.
  • the controller or another computer processor (not shown) to which the controller 240 is linked (wired (e.g., port 264) or wirelessly), may use the output signals to monitor the pumpjack output and, based upon such signals, analyze and report the performance of the pumpjack as, for example, depicted in Figures 7 - 11. Moreover, the controller or other computer may process the output signals to totalize the amount of oil and/or water pumped from the wellhead over a period of time based upon the differential pressure data between the first and second pressure sensors and the capacitance data collected from the venturi 110.
  • the pumpjack monitoring and control system may include a wireless transceiver for communicating data with another computerized device.
  • the pumpjack monitoring and control system 210 may also process the data from the sensor 110 and modify the operation of the pumpjack to optimize extraction of oil from the wellhead.
  • the system may be employed to determine, based upon real-time output signals from sensor 110, whether oil, water or gas are being pumped and passed through the sensor. And, based upon such a determination, the pumpjack operation may be continued, stopped or otherwise adjusted accordingly. As an example, upon detecting the pumping of oil, the operation of the pumpjack is continued whereas upon the detection of water or gas the operation of the pumpjack may be stopped or modified.
  • the system determines or distinguishes the type of fluid in the sensor based upon the pressure and capacitance signals being generated by the sensor.
  • each stroke of the pumpjack creates a pressure “spike” in the differential pressure (610) between the input and output sensors (130 and 140, respectively).
  • the change in the pressure profile is concurrent with a similar increase in the measured capacitance (also consistent with water instead of oil being present in the cylindrical venturi).
  • the observed differential (or absolute) pressure initially increases (e.g., pressure buildup region 410) above a nominal level when the pumpjack starts and begins to pump fluid through the sensor. And when the accumulated fluid in the well has been pumped off (e.g., well pumped-off region 420), the pressure decreases back to near the nominal pressure level as shown in Figure 9.
  • the controller 240 would then turn off the pumpjack via the power controller connector 264.
  • the controller 240 may perform operations based upon the presence and/or level of impurities detected in the fluid passing through the cylindrical venturi 120.
  • the controller and sensor combination may monitor a water supply or water flow.
  • the controller could be programmed to modify operations including by stopping water flow, setting an alarm, and/or redirecting the flow for further treatment or processing.
  • Figure 10 is provided to illustrate how the controller records a timeseries for the entire pumping cycle. Collection of the data allows for post processing to calculate the volume/watercut data, which can then be employed to facilitate greater accuracy of measurements and calculation of oil and water volumes.
  • water cut is the ratio or percentage of oil/water that was pumped. For example, for the well tested (see e.g. , Figure 10), upwards of 95-percent of the fluid being pumped may be water. Thus, the water cut would be characterized as 95-percent.
  • the availability and analysis of data collected across entire pumping cycles facilitates the use of “learning”, including comparison against prior data and pattern detection within the data, to facilitate adjustment of control parameters based upon past performance data for the pumpjack/well.
  • the data from the sensor might also be used to allow the system to detect the presence of gas or foam within the fluid pumped from the well and passed through the sensor.
  • region 430 of the graph shows a combination of low pressure plus low/oscillating capacitance that may indicate the presence of foaming or gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un capteur de fluide, et un système de surveillance et de commande associé, utilisant un venturi cylindrique pour éliminer la stratification du fluide passant à travers celui-ci, et un capteur capacitif fonctionnellement couplé au venturi cylindrique pour permettre la détection du fluide pendant le venturi.
PCT/US2023/013476 2022-02-23 2023-02-21 Puits de production à chevalet de pompage comprenant un capteur de fluide venturi et un capteur de flux capacitif WO2023163925A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MX2024010331A MX2024010331A (es) 2022-02-23 2023-02-21 Pozo de produccion de bomba de varilla que incluye sensor de fluidos venturi y sensor de flujo capacitivo.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202263312914P 2022-02-23 2022-02-23
US63/312,914 2022-02-23
US17/826,715 US11906336B2 (en) 2018-01-31 2022-05-27 Pumpjack production well including venturi fluid sensor and capacitive flow sensor
US17/826,715 2022-05-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023163925A1 true WO2023163925A1 (fr) 2023-08-31

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PCT/US2023/013476 WO2023163925A1 (fr) 2022-02-23 2023-02-21 Puits de production à chevalet de pompage comprenant un capteur de fluide venturi et un capteur de flux capacitif

Country Status (2)

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MX (1) MX2024010331A (fr)
WO (1) WO2023163925A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090139347A1 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-06-04 Speldrich Jamie W Venturi flow sensor
US20190234777A1 (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-01 Hydroacoustics Inc. Fluid sensor and pumpjack control system
US20200263531A1 (en) * 2017-05-01 2020-08-20 4Iiii Innovations Inc. Oil-well pump instrumentation device and surface card generation method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090139347A1 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-06-04 Speldrich Jamie W Venturi flow sensor
US20200263531A1 (en) * 2017-05-01 2020-08-20 4Iiii Innovations Inc. Oil-well pump instrumentation device and surface card generation method
US20190234777A1 (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-01 Hydroacoustics Inc. Fluid sensor and pumpjack control system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX2024010331A (es) 2024-08-30

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