WO2023160731A1 - 一种红薯秧苗移栽装置及移栽机 - Google Patents

一种红薯秧苗移栽装置及移栽机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023160731A1
WO2023160731A1 PCT/CN2023/089564 CN2023089564W WO2023160731A1 WO 2023160731 A1 WO2023160731 A1 WO 2023160731A1 CN 2023089564 W CN2023089564 W CN 2023089564W WO 2023160731 A1 WO2023160731 A1 WO 2023160731A1
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Prior art keywords
seedling
rice
sweet potato
transplanting
transplanter
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PCT/CN2023/089564
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王丹
王建民
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王丹
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Publication of WO2023160731A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023160731A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
    • A01C11/025—Transplanting machines using seedling trays; Devices for removing the seedlings from the trays
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/006—Other parts or details or planting machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Definitions

  • the present invention claims the priority of the Chinese patent application submitted to the China Patent Office on February 22, 2022, with the application number 202210163027.7, and the title of the invention is "a sweet potato seedling transplanting device and transplanting machine", the entire content of which is incorporated by reference In the present invention.
  • the invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a sweet potato seedling transplanting device and a transplanting machine.
  • Sweet potatoes must be planted horizontally, that is, lay the potato seedlings flat on the soil layer of 3-5 cm on the top of the ridge, then water them and then bury them; if the potato seedlings are planted vertically, the space for the tubers will be narrow and the sweet potatoes will grow crowded, resulting in low yield and deformed melons Large numbers of.
  • the flat planting has a large space for tubers to absorb nutrients evenly, which not only increases the high-yield commodity rate, but also relatively increases.
  • the yield of sweet potato mulching will be further improved, and at the same time, it can also inhibit the growth of weeds under the mulch and save a lot of herbicides and labor. Therefore, the planting mode of ridge mulching is generally used in planting sweet potatoes.
  • the current sweet potato horizontal transplanting machine includes a turntable, an eccentric wheel and a transplanting pole arranged on the turntable, etc., which can insert the roots of the seedlings into the soil without manual transplanting, which improves the efficiency and reduces the labor intensity.
  • this kind of equipment can only be planted in bare soil. If plastic film is laid on the ridge, the planting under the film cannot be realized. It is greatly slowed down and requires a large number of planting workers to coordinate operations. The labor intensity is high and the labor cost is high. After the cutting process is completed, it is necessary to manually seal the holes in the cuttings of the mulch film with soil to prevent the high-temperature gas under the film from passing through the film holes. Emergence burns the seedlings and leads to death, and it is also not conducive to heat preservation and moisture retention, thereby affecting the film covering effect.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of sweet potato seedling transplanting device, has realized automatic transplanting under the film, does not need manual transplanting, has reduced labor intensity, has improved work efficiency.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a device for transplanting sweet potato seedlings, including a frame and a transplanter.
  • the frame is equipped with a seedling transfer mechanism.
  • the position of the rice transplanter corresponds to the position where the seedling transmission mechanism receives the root of the rice seedling.
  • the rice transplanter and the horizontal plane form a set angle.
  • the rice transplanter includes a driving mechanism for transplanting rice.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a device for transplanting sweet potato seedlings, including a frame and a transplanter.
  • the position corresponds to the position where the seedling transmission mechanism receives the root of the seedling.
  • a rice transplanter is provided on one side of the receiving part.
  • the rice transplanter is at a set angle with the horizontal plane.
  • the rice transplanter includes a driving mechanism for transplanting rice.
  • the rice transplanter is rotatably connected to a shaft installed on the frame, and a locking component is provided between the rice transplanter and the frame.
  • a seedling pressing mechanism is arranged above the seedling conveying mechanism.
  • the seedling pressing mechanism includes a seedling pressing plate, the seedling pressing plate is fixedly connected to the frame, and a plurality of seedling pressing parts are fixed on the feeding end and the lower surface of the discharging end of the seedling pressing plate,
  • the seedling pressing mechanism adopts a compression transmission mechanism, and the projection of the compression transmission mechanism and the transmission component of the rice shoot transmission mechanism on a plane parallel to the transmission component has an overlapping portion so that the compression transmission mechanism and the rice shoot transmission mechanism can Clamp the seedlings and transfer them.
  • the transmission part of the rice shoot transmission mechanism is provided with an induction part, and correspondingly, the frame is provided with an inductor, and the sensor is connected with the control system, and the control system is connected with the rice transplanting driver.
  • the seedling transmission mechanism adopts a conveyor belt transmission mechanism, and a plurality of baffles are arranged on the conveyor belt.
  • a supporting plate is provided at the end of the frame located at the end of the seedling conveying mechanism, and the supporting plate is arranged horizontally and is provided with an opening for the pushing head of the seedling root to pass through.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a sweet potato seedling transplanting machine, including the sweet potato seedling transplanting device described in the first aspect.
  • the seedlings are transported to the terminal by the seedling conveying mechanism and can fall into the receiving end of the seedling roots of the transplanter, so that the roots of the seedlings fall into between the push head and the ridge surface of the seedling roots, and the driving mechanism for transplanting rice can pass through
  • the pusher at the root of the seedling pushes the root of the seedling to pierce the plastic film and then enters the soil. After the pusher at the root of the seedling retracts, the root of the seedling is trapped in the soil. Since the covering soil on the plastic film is relatively loose, it will automatically collapse and bury the hole in the plastic film , The whole process is automated without manual operation, which improves work efficiency and reduces labor intensity.
  • the transplanter is connected to the shaft to be rotatable, and then the angle between the transplanter and the ridge surface can be adjusted, thereby realizing the adjustment of the entry angle of the root of the seedling to complete horizontal planting or oblique transplantation.
  • the seedling transplanting device of the present invention has a seedling pressing mechanism, which enables the seedlings to be stably transported to the seedling receiving end of the transplanter on the seedling conveying mechanism, ensuring that the roots of the seedlings enter the effective range of transplanting.
  • the rice shoot transplanting device of the present invention there is a supporting plate at the end of the conveying frame, and when the frame and the frame body of the transplanting machine rotate During dynamic connection, the bottom of the frame is freely vertically pressed on the ridge surface through the supporting plate, so that the frame always fits on the ridge surface and slides smoothly along the mulch film with the ups and downs of the ridge surface, which not only ensures a reasonable distance for transplanting rice seedlings but also can Prevent the rack from slipping and breaking the mulch.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the rice shoot transmission mechanism of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the structure schematic diagram one of embodiment 1 of the present invention pressing seedling mechanism
  • Fig. 4 is the structure schematic diagram two of embodiment 1 of the present invention pressing mechanism of seedlings
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the rice transplanting frame according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a top view of the assembly of the rice transplanting rack according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the receiving parts in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • This embodiment provides a kind of sweet potato seedling transplanting device, is used for realizing transplanting on film to sweet potato seedling, as shown in Figure 1, comprises frame 1, and the seedling conveying mechanism 2 is installed on the frame 1, and the rice shoot conveying mechanism 2 for Transmit the seedlings placed horizontally.
  • the seedling conveying mechanism in this embodiment adopts conveyor belt conveying mechanism, and conveyer belt conveying mechanism can be provided with one, and the width is greater than the length of rice shoot, meets the conveying demand to rice shoot, but cost is high, so in this embodiment, conveyer belt conveying mechanism is set
  • the width of the conveyor belt of each conveyor belt transmission mechanism is smaller than the length of the rice shoots, but the multiple conveyor belt transmission mechanisms are arranged at intervals so that the overall width is greater than the length of the rice shoots, which not only meets the transmission requirements of the rice shoots, but also reduces cost.
  • the conveyor belt transmission mechanism adopts a linear conveyor belt transmission mechanism, and the linear conveyor belt transmission mechanism is set obliquely or vertically.
  • Conveyor belt adopts belt or metal belt etc., those skilled in the art can select according to actual needs.
  • the conveyor belt transmission mechanism adopts a curved conveyor belt transmission mechanism, as shown in Figure 2, including a driving pulley 2-1, a driven pulley 2-2, a 1 and the intermediate pulley 2-3 between the driven pulley 2-2, the axes of the driving pulley 2-1, the driven pulley 2-2 and the intermediate pulley 2-3 are in a triangular distribution, and the driving pulley 2-1.
  • a conveyor belt 2-4 is wound between the driven pulley 2-2 and the intermediate pulley 2-3.
  • the conveyor belt part between the driving pulley 2-1 and the intermediate pulley 2-3 is arranged horizontally
  • the conveyor belt part between the intermediate pulley 2-3 and the driven pulley 2-2 is arranged obliquely to the horizontal plane
  • the driven pulley The conveyor belt part between 2-2 and the driving pulley 2-1 is arranged obliquely with the horizontal plane.
  • Driving pulley 2-1 and intermediate pulley 2-3 the conveyor belt between intermediate pulley 2-3 and driven pulley 2-2 is used for sending rice shoots.
  • a plurality of driving pulleys are connected through a driving pulley shaft 2-5, a plurality of driven pulleys are connected through a driven pulley shaft 2-6, and a plurality of intermediate pulleys are connected through an intermediate pulley shaft 2-7.
  • driving wheel shaft 2-5 The two ends of driving wheel shaft 2-5 are connected with frame 1 in rotation and driving pulley is connected with power mechanism, and power mechanism is fixed on the power mechanism mounting plate 3, and power mechanism mounting plate 3 is fixedly connected with frame 1, and driving belt
  • the wheel 2-1 is fixedly connected with the driving wheel shaft 2-5, and the power mechanism adopts an electric motor or a hydraulic motor or other equipment capable of outputting rotation.
  • Both ends of the driven wheel shaft 2-6 are rotationally connected with the frame 1, and the driven pulley 2-2 is fixedly connected with the driven wheel shaft 2-6.
  • the driven wheel shaft is fixedly connected with the frame, and the driven wheel 2-2 is rotatably connected with the driven wheel shaft through bearings, or the driven wheel shaft is rotatably connected with the frame, and the belt pulley is rotatably connected with the driven wheel shaft.
  • the middle pulley 2-3 is rotationally connected with the middle wheel shaft 2-7, the two ends of the middle wheel shaft are provided with flanges, the flanges are provided with two studs, and the studs pass through the frame and are provided with long holes 2-8, the elongated hole 2-8 is set along the radial direction of the middle pulley 2-3, and the stud end passes through the elongated hole 2-8 through the frame and is tightened with a lock nut, and the lock nut and the The rack is locked and secured.
  • the position of the intermediate axle can be adjusted through the elongated holes 2-8, thereby realizing tensioning of the conveyor belt.
  • the conveyer belt of present embodiment has the part that is inclined with the horizontal plane, therefore in order to prevent the rice shoots from slipping and accumulating during the conveying process, a plurality of baffle plates 2-9 are set on the conveyer belt of the conveyer belt conveying mechanism to prevent the rice shoots from slipping off.
  • the seedling transmission mechanism may also adopt a chain transmission mechanism, etc., and a seedling support plate needs to be installed on the transmission chain.
  • the seedling transfer mechanism is equipped with a seedling pressing mechanism, which is used to press the seedlings transferred on the seedling transfer mechanism, so that the seedlings and the transfer parts of the seedling transfer mechanism remain relatively fixed
  • a seedling pressing mechanism is provided above the seedling transmission mechanism.
  • only the middle pulley and the driven pulley A seedling pressing mechanism is arranged above the part inclined to be set.
  • the seedling pressing mechanism comprises a seedling pressing plate 4, and the seedling pressing plate 4 is parallel to the conveyer belt part between the intermediate pulley 2-3 and the driven pulley 2-2, and the seedling pressing plate 4 and the Rack 1 is fixedly connected to the seedling pressing board
  • the lower surfaces of the feed end and the discharge end are provided with a plurality of seedling pressing pieces 5 and flexible seedling pressing strips 6, and the seedling pressing flexible strips 6 are made of flexible materials.
  • the seedling pressing part 5 positioned at the feeding end of the seedling pressing plate 4 includes a first fixed section, a first connecting section and a first arc section, the first fixing section is fixed to the lower surface of the seedling pressing plate 4, and the first connecting section is towards the pressing section.
  • the inclined straight section below the seedling board 4, the first arc section bends towards the direction of the conveyor belt, so that the rice shoots can better enter the inclined part smoothly from the horizontal part of the conveyor belt of the seedling conveying mechanism.
  • the seedling pressing piece 5 located at the discharge section of the seedling pressing plate 4 includes a second fixed section, a second connecting section and a second arc section, the second fixing section is fixed to the lower surface of the seedling pressing plate, and the second connecting section is a straight line section , the second arc section bends towards the opposite direction of the conveyor belt, which plays a guiding role for the drop of the rice shoots leaving the conveyor belt.
  • the lower surface of the seedling pressing plate 4 is also fixed with a plurality of seedling pressing flexible strips 6, and the seedling pressing flexible strips 6 are made of flexible materials, such as flexible materials such as rubber, hair, air bag, water bag.
  • Seedling pressing flexible bar 6 is used for adjusting and stabilizing the position of rice shoot and guarantees conveying effect.
  • the seedling pressing mechanism presses the seedlings, and along with the rotation of the baffle plate on the conveyor belt, the seedlings reach the conveying terminal and enter the pre-slot.
  • the seedling pressing mechanism can also use a compression transmission mechanism, and the compression transmission mechanism also adopts a conveyor belt transmission mechanism, the compression transmission mechanism is parallel to the rice shoot transmission mechanism, and the compression transmission mechanism
  • the projection of the conveyer belt of the mechanism and the conveyer belt of the rice shoot conveying mechanism on a plane parallel to the conveyer belt has overlapping parts, and the moving directions of the two conveyer belts are opposite, so that the two conveyer belts can clamp the rice shoots for transmission.
  • the part between the intermediate pulley and the driving pulley and the driven pulley is the part where the seedling transmission mechanism supports the rice shoots, and a rice transplanter 7 is arranged below the part, and the rice transplanter Installed on the supporting plate 13 or on the frame 1, the rice transplanter includes a rice transplanting drive mechanism and a rice shoot root pushing head, and the rice transplanting drive mechanism Including the transplanting arm and the transplanting driving part installed on the transplanting arm, the transplanting arm and the horizontal plane form a set angle, the set angle is an acute angle, and the end of the part between the intermediate pulley 2-3 and the driven pulley 2-2 is The terminal position of the seedling transport, the front end of the transplanting arm, that is, the part for receiving the root of the seedling is located below this position, and can receive the root position of the seedling dropped by the seedling transport mechanism.
  • the transplanting driving part is connected with the pushing head 9 of the seedling root, which can drive the pushing head 9 of the seedling root to move, and the root of the seedling is pierced through the plastic film and pressed into the soil.
  • the driving part for transplanting rice adopts a cylinder, and the cylinder is fixed on the rice transplanting arm.
  • the rice transplanting arm is rotatably connected with the driven wheel shaft 2-7.
  • the second side plate on the side, the cylinder is installed in the space between the first side plate and the second side plate, and is fixed with at least one of the first side plate, the second side plate and the bottom plate, the front end of the piston rod of the cylinder Install rice shoot root and push away head 9.
  • the first side plate and the second side plate or the bottom plate of the transplanting arm extend forward to form an extension, and the space above the extension forms a pre-slot 8 for receiving the roots of the seedlings, and the position of the transplanter 7 in the horizontal plane is consistent with the conveyor belt supporting the seedlings.
  • the positions of the roots correspond to each other, and are arranged below between the two conveyor belt transmission mechanisms for supporting the roots of the rice shoots.
  • the pre-slot 8 at the front end of the rice transplanter 7 can accept the roots of the rice shoots transported from the rice shoot transmission mechanism.
  • Transplanting driving parts adopt rotary drive equipment such as hydraulic pressure or pneumatic motor, drive connecting rod by connecting crank to promote rice shoot root push head 9, also available linear drive equipment such as hydraulic cylinder or linear motor promote rice shoot root push head 9.
  • the cylinder 12 is the driving part for transplanting rice seedlings.
  • the cylinder 12 drives the push head to push the push head 9 of the seedling root to push the seedling root falling into the pre-slot 8 out of the pre-slot and pierce the plastic film to push it into the soil under the film.
  • the cylinder block of 12 is fixed with base plate or first side plate or second side plate, and is provided with two air pipe connectors 10, and the piston rod 11 of cylinder is fixedly connected with rice shoot root portion 9 pushing away.
  • the first side plate and the second side plate extend toward the pushing head 9 to form two extensions, and the cylinder 12
  • the push head 9 at the root of the rice seedling is located on the upper rear side between the two extensions and the bottom end surface of the push head is slightly lower than the upper edge of the two extensions.
  • the surface that the rice seedling root pushing head 9 is used to contact with the rice seedlings is an arc surface.
  • the rice transplanter 7 In order to adjust the angle at which the roots of the seedlings are inserted into the soil, the rice transplanter 7 is fixed with a rotating connection block near the end of the rice shoot transmission mechanism, and the rotation connection block is rotatably connected with the shaft.
  • the shaft is an additional shaft provided on the frame or the supporting plate 13 or the driven wheel shaft 2-6 between the driven pulleys.
  • the rotating connection block and the driven wheel shaft 2-6 are rotatably connected through bearings .
  • Supporting plate 13 is the plate that is fixed on the frame end.
  • a locking component is also arranged between the transplanting arm of the rice transplanter 7 and the frame 1 or the supporting plate 13 .
  • a locking part is provided between the rear end of the transplanting arm and the frame 1, or a locking part is provided between the transplanting arm and the supporting plate, and the locking part adopts a locking bolt, and the transplanting arm passes through the lock. Tighten the bolts to fix with the frame.
  • the end of the frame 1 end is provided with a supporting plate 13, and the frame 1 is used to be rotated and installed on the transplanting frame body matched with the transplanting device, and the end of the frame 1 is freely vertically pressed on the ridge through the supporting plate 13. On the surface, for contact with the cover soil on the mulch.
  • the frame 1 is in contact with the soil body through the supporting plate 13, so that the whole transplanting device moves smoothly along the mulch film, ensuring a reasonable distance for transplanting rice and avoiding the damage of the frame 1 to the mulch film.
  • the supporting plate 13 is provided with an opening 15 for pushing the head of the rice shoot root to pass, which prevents the supporting plate 13 from hindering the movement of the pushing head of the rice seedling root.
  • Supporting plate is provided with upwardly inclined earth retaining plate 14 away from the end of rice shoot transmission mechanism end, prevents supporting plate 13 from advancing along the process of mulch film, and the soil on the mulching film enters the upper surface of supporting plate 13.
  • the conveyor belt of the rice shoot transmission mechanism is provided with an induction component, and correspondingly, an inductor matching the induction component is installed on the frame.
  • the induction component adopts a magnet
  • the inductor adopts a magnetic force sensor.
  • the magnetic sensor is connected with the control system, and the program is pre-set in the control system. When the magnetic sensor senses the magnet, it generates a signal and transmits it to the control system.
  • the control system controls the cylinder to work after the set time, and the root of the seedling roll out.
  • the staff places the seedlings horizontally on the conveyor belt between the driving pulley and the intermediate pulley, and the root position of the seedlings corresponds to the position of the rice transplanter 7, and the seedlings are conveyed by the seedling transmission mechanism, and the seedlings are fed on the seedling pressing plate 4 Under the action of the seedling pressing piece at the end, the seedlings enter the conveyor belt part between the intermediate pulley and the driven pulley and continue to be transmitted, and are transmitted to the terminal of the seedling conveying mechanism. The root part of the seedlings falls into the pre-slot 8, and the cylinder works.
  • the root pushing head 9 pushes the root of the seedling, and the pushing head of the root of the rice seedling continues to move, and is inserted into the soil under the film after piercing the plastic film. Soil subsidence fills the holes pierced by the plastic film.
  • the whole process needs to be pulled by the traction mechanism, no manual operation is required, the work efficiency is high, and the labor intensity of the staff is reduced.
  • This embodiment provides a kind of sweet potato seedling transplanting device, as shown in Figure 7, the difference with embodiment 1 is only that the front end of the rice transplanter is not used as the receiving end of the seedling root, and the seedling transfer mechanism is provided below the seedling transfer terminal position. There is a receiving part, the position of the receiving part is corresponding to the position of the seedling transmission mechanism to receive the position of the root of the seedling, and one side of the receiving part is provided with a rice transplanter.
  • the receiving part is a receiving block 15 arranged on the supporting plate, and both sides of the opening of the supporting plate are provided with receiving blocks.
  • the receiving block can also be fixed on the frame, or the receiving block can be fixed on the driven wheel shaft.
  • the driven wheel shaft is fixedly connected with the frame, and the driven pulley is rotatably connected with the driven wheel shaft through the bearing. .
  • This embodiment discloses a sweet potato seedling transplanting machine, which is provided with the sweet potato seedling transplanting device described in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, and also includes a traction mechanism, a frame of the sweet potato seedling transplanting device and a frame body of the traction mechanism Rotational connection, tractor etc. can be used for the traction mechanism, which has power output mechanisms such as internal combustion engine or electric motor, and can realize self-propelled transplanting operation.

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  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种红薯秧苗移栽装置及移栽机，所述红薯秧苗移栽装置包括机架和插秧器，机架安装有秧苗传送机构，插秧器的一端作为秧苗根部接收端，位于秧苗传送机构秧苗输送终端位置的下方，插秧器位置对应于秧苗传送机构接收秧苗根部的位置，或者，秧苗传送机构秧苗输送终端位置的下方设有承接部件，承接部件位置对应于秧苗传送机构接收秧苗根部的位置，承接部件一侧设有插秧器，插秧器与水平面呈设定夹角，插秧器包括插秧驱动机构，插秧驱动机构与秧苗根部推头连接，所述秧苗传送机构的上方设置有压苗机构。所述移栽机包括上述红薯秧苗移栽装置。采用本发明的设备能够实现红薯秧苗的膜下平栽，工作效率高，劳动强度低。

Description

一种红薯秧苗移栽装置及移栽机
本发明要求于2022年2月22日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210163027.7、发明名称为“一种红薯秧苗移栽装置及移栽机”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本发明中。
技术领域
本发明涉及农业机械技术领域，具体涉及一种红薯秧苗移栽装置及移栽机。
背景技术
这里的陈述仅提供与本发明相关的背景技术，而不必然地构成现有技术。红薯须平栽种植，就是将薯苗平躺在垄顶3-5公分的土层然后浇水再掩埋；如果薯苗竖直种植，会导致结薯空间狭小红薯拥挤生长，造成产量低下畸形瓜大量出现。而平栽种植结薯空间大营养吸收均匀，不但高产商品率也相对提高。
而红薯覆膜种植产量会进一步提高，同时还能抑制膜下杂草生长省掉大量的除草药物及人工，所以目前种植红薯都普遍采用起垄覆膜的种植模式。
目前的甘薯水平移栽机，插秧机构包括转盘、偏心轮及布置在转盘上的插秧杆等结构，能够将秧苗的根部平插到土壤中，无需人工移栽，提高了效率，降低了劳动强度，但发明人发现，此种设备只能裸土种植，如果地垄上铺设地膜，则无法实现膜下的种植，如按上述规范进行膜下水平移栽，则需要人工弯腰扦插，速度会大大减慢，需要大量的种植工人来协调作业，劳动强度大，人力成本高，扦插工序完成后，还需人工将地膜扦插处的破孔用土封埋，防止膜下的高温气体从膜孔处冒出灼伤秧苗导致死亡，也不利于保温保湿从而影响覆膜效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，实现了膜下自动移栽，无需人工移栽，降低了劳动强度，提高了工作效率。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案
第一方面，本发明的实施例提供了一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，包括机架和插秧器，机架安装有秧苗传送机构，插秧器的一端作为秧苗根部接收端，位于秧苗传送机构秧苗输送终端位置的下方，插秧器位置对应于秧苗传送机构接收秧苗根部的位置，插秧器与水平面呈设定夹角，插秧器包括插秧驱动机构，插秧驱动机构与秧苗根部推头连接。
第二方面，本发明的实施例提供了一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，包括机架和插秧器，机架安装有秧苗传送机构，秧苗传送机构秧苗输送终端位置的下方设有承接部件，承接部件位置对应于秧苗传送机构接收秧苗根部位置，承接部件一侧设有插秧器，插秧器与水平面呈设定夹角，插秧器包括插秧驱动机构，插秧驱动机构与秧苗根部推头连接。
可选的，插秧器与安装在机架的轴转动连接，且插秧器与机架之间设有锁紧部件。
可选的，所述秧苗传送机构的上方设置有压苗机构。
可选的，所述压苗机构包括压苗板，压苗板与机架固定连接，压苗板的进料端和出料端下表面均固定有多个压苗件，
可选的，所述压苗机构采用压紧传送机构，压紧传送机构与秧苗传送机构的传送部件在平行于传送部件的平面上的投影具有重叠部分以使得压紧传送机构和秧苗传送机构能够夹紧秧苗并进行传送。
可选的，当压苗板进、出料端设置压苗件时，压苗板的下表面固定有多个压苗柔性条。
可选的，秧苗传送机构的传送部件上设置有感应部件，相应的，机架上设置有感应器，感应器与控制系统连接，控制系统与插秧驱动件连接。
可选的，所述秧苗传送机构采用输送带传送机构，其传送带上设置有多个挡板。
可选的，所述机架位于秧苗传送机构末端的端部设置有托板，托板水平设置并设置有用于秧苗根部推头穿过的开孔。
第二方面，本发明的实施例提供一种红薯秧苗移栽机，包括第一方面所述的红薯秧苗移栽装置。
本发明的有益效果：
1.本发明的秧苗移栽装置，秧苗通过秧苗传送机构输送到终端并能够落入插秧器的秧苗根部接收端，使得秧苗根部落入秧苗根部推头与垄面之间，插秧驱动机构能够通过秧苗根部的推头推动秧苗根部刺破地膜后进入土体中，秧苗根部推头缩回后，秧苗根部被滞留在土体中由于地膜上的盖土比较松散，会自动塌陷掩埋地膜的破洞，整个过程自动化进行，无需人工操作，提高了工作效率，降低了劳动强度。
2.本发明的秧苗移栽装置，插秧器与轴连接可转动，进而能够调节插秧器与垄面的角度，从而实现了对秧苗根部的入土角度进行调节完成平栽或斜插。
3.本发明的秧苗移栽装置，具有压苗机构，能够使得秧苗在秧苗传送机构上平稳的输送到插秧器的秧苗接收端，保证秧苗根部进入有效插秧范围。
4.本发明的秧苗移栽装置，输送机架末端有托板，当机架与移栽机的架体转 动连接时，机架底端通过托板自由垂压在垄面上，使机架随着垄面的高低起伏始终贴合在垄面上沿地膜平稳滑动，既保证了合理的插秧距离又能防止机架滑破地膜。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的限定。
图1为本发明实施例1整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例1秧苗传送机构结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例1压苗机构结构示意图一；
图4为本发明实施例1压苗机构结构示意图二；
图5为本发明实施例1插秧架装配示意图；
图6为本发明实施例1插秧架装配俯视图；
图7为本发明实施例2承接部件设置示意图；
其中，1.机架，2.秧苗传送机构，2-1.主动带轮，2-2.从动带轮，2-3.中间带轮，2-4.传送带，2-5.主动轮轴，2-6.从动轮轴，2-7.中间轮轴，2-8.长条孔，2-9.挡板，3.动力机构安装板，4.压苗板，5.压苗件，6.压苗柔性条，7.插秧器，8.预插槽，9.秧苗根部推头，10.气管接头，11.活塞杆，12.气缸，13.托板，14.挡土板，15.承接块。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，用于对红薯秧苗实现膜上移栽，如图1所示，包括机架1，机架1上安装有秧苗传送机构2，秧苗传送机构2用于 对横向水平放置的秧苗进行传送。
本实施例中的秧苗传送机构采用输送带传送机构，输送带传送机构可设置一条，宽度大于秧苗的长度，满足对秧苗的传送需求，但是成本高，因此本实施例中，输送带传送机构设置多条，每条输送带传送机构的传送带的宽度均小于秧苗的长度，但多条输送带传送机构间隔排布，使其整体宽度大于秧苗的长度，既满足了秧苗的传送需求，又降低了成本。
输送带传送机构采用直线型输送带传动机构，直线型输送带传动机构倾斜设置或竖直设置。输送带采用皮带或者金属带等，本领域技术人员可根据实际需要选择。
在另外一种实施方式中，输送带传送机构采用具有折弯的输送带传送机构，如图2所示，包括主动带轮2-1、从动带轮2-2、位于主动带轮2-1和从动带轮2-2之间的中间带轮2-3，主动带轮2-1、从动带轮2-2和中间带轮2-3的轴线呈三角型分布，主动带轮2-1、从动带轮2-2和中间带轮2-3之间绕接有传送带2-4。
其中主动带轮2-1和中间带轮2-3之间的传送带部分水平设置，中间带轮2-3和从动带轮2-2之间的传送带部分与水平面倾斜设置，从动带轮2-2和主动带轮2-1之间的传送带部分与水平面倾斜设置。
主动带轮2-1和中间带轮2-3，中间带轮2-3和从动带轮2-2之间的传送带用于对秧苗进行传送。
多个主动带轮之间通过主动轮轴2-5连接，多个从动带轮之间通过从动轮轴2-6连接，多个中间带轮之间通过中间轮轴2-7连接。
主动轮轴2-5的两端与机架1转动连接并且主动带轮连接有动力机构，动力机构固定在动力机构安装板3上，动力机构安装板3与机架1固定连接，主动带 轮2-1与主动轮轴2-5固定连接，动力机构采用电机或液压马达或其他能够输出转动的设备。
从动轮轴2-6的两端与机架1转动连接，从动带轮2-2与从动轮轴2-6固定连接。或者从动轮轴与机架固定连接，从动轮2-2与从动轮轴通过轴承转动连接,或者从动轮轴与机架转动连接，带轮与从动轮轴转动连接。
中间带轮2-3与中间轮轴2-7转动连接，中间轮轴两个端部设有法兰盘，法兰盘上设置有两个螺柱，螺柱穿过机架上设置有长条孔2-8，长条孔2-8沿中间带轮2-3的径向设置，螺柱端部通过长条孔2-8穿过机架并旋紧有锁紧螺母，利用锁紧螺母与机架锁紧固定。
通过长条孔2-8能够调节中间轮轴的位置，进而实现对传送带的张紧。
由于本实施例的传送带具有与水平面倾斜呈夹角的部分，因此为了防止秧苗在输送过程中滑落堆积，在输送带传送机构的传送带上设置多个挡板2-9，防止秧苗的滑落。
在其他一些实施例中，所述秧苗传送机构也可采用链传动机构等，传动链上需要安装秧苗支撑板。
为了保证秧苗在传送过程中的平稳性，所述秧苗传送机构配合设置有压苗机构，压苗机构用于压住秧苗传送机构上传送的秧苗，使得秧苗与秧苗传送机构的传送部件保持相对固定，本实施例中，所述秧苗传送机构的上方设置有压苗机构，本实施例中，为了方便工作人员将秧苗放置在秧苗传送机构上，只在中间带轮和从动带轮之间的倾斜设置的部分上方设置压苗机构。
本实施例中如图3所示，压苗机构包括压苗板4，压苗板4平行于中间带轮2-3和从动带轮2-2之间的传送带部分，压苗板4与机架1固定连接，压苗板的 进料端和出料端的下表面均设置有多个压苗件5和压苗柔性条6，压苗柔性条6由柔性材料制成。
位于压苗板4进料端的压苗件5包括第一固定段，第一连接段和第一弧形段，第一固定段与压苗板4的下表面固定，第一连接段为朝向压苗板4下方倾斜的直线段，第一弧形段朝向输送带方向弯曲，以使得秧苗能够更好的从秧苗传送机构的传送带水平部分顺利进入倾斜部分。
位于压苗板4出料段的压苗件5包括第二固定段、第二连接段和第二弧形段，第二固定段与压苗板的下表面固定，第二连接段为直线段，第二弧形段朝向输送带的反方向弯曲，对离开传送带的秧苗的掉落起到了一个导向作用。
压苗板4的下表面还固定有多个压苗柔性条6，压苗柔性条6采用柔性材质制成，例如橡胶、毛发、气囊、水囊等柔性材质。
压苗柔性条6用于调整并稳固秧苗的位置并保证输送效果。
本实施例中，压苗机构压住秧苗，随着转动输送带上的挡板拨着秧苗到达输送终端并进入预插槽。
在另外一种实施方式中，如图4所示，压苗机构也可采用压紧传送机构，压紧传送机构也采用输送带传送机构，压紧传送机构平行于秧苗传送机构，且压紧传送机构的传送带与秧苗传送机构的传送带在平行于传送带的平面上的投影具有重合部分，且两个传送带的运动方向相反，使得两条传送带能够夹住秧苗进行传送。
本实施例中，如图5-图6所示，中间带轮和主动带轮、从动带轮之间的部分为秧苗传送机构支撑秧苗的部分，该部分下方设置有插秧器7，插秧器安装在托板13上或机架1上，插秧器包括插秧驱动机构和秧苗根部推头，插秧驱动机构 包括插秧臂和安装在插秧臂的插秧驱动部件，插秧臂与水平面呈设定夹角，设定夹角为锐角，中间带轮2-3和从动带轮2-2之间部分的末端为秧苗输送的终端位置，插秧臂前端即用于接收秧苗根部的部分位于该位置的下方，能够接收秧苗传送机构落下的秧苗的根部位置。
插秧驱动部件与秧苗根部推头9连接，能够带动秧苗根部推头9运动，将秧苗根部刺破地膜压入土体中。
本实施例中插秧驱动部件采用气缸，气缸固定在插秧臂上，插秧臂与从动轮轴2-7转动连接，插秧臂包括底板和设置在底板一侧的第一侧板，设置在底板另一侧的第二侧板，气缸安装在第一侧板和第二侧板之间的空间，并与第一侧板、第二侧板及底板中的至少一个板固定，气缸的活塞杆的前端安装秧苗根部推头9。插秧臂的第一侧板和第二侧板或底板向前方延伸，形成延伸部，延伸部上方的空间形成预插槽8用于承接秧苗根部，插秧器7在水平面内的位置与传送带支撑秧苗根部的位置相对应，设置在用于支撑秧苗根部的两个输送带传送机构之间的下方，插秧器7前端的预插槽8能够承接从秧苗传送机构输送下来的秧苗根部部分。
插秧驱动件采用液压或气动马达等回旋驱动设备，通过连接曲柄带动连杆推动秧苗根部推头9，也可用液压缸或直线电机等直线驱动设备推动秧苗根部推头9。
本实施例中气缸12为插秧驱动部件，气缸12带动推头推动秧苗根部的推头9将落入预插槽8的秧苗根部推出预插槽并刺破地膜推入膜下土体中，气缸12的缸体与底板或第一侧板或第二侧板固定，并设置有两个气管接头10，气缸的活塞杆11与秧苗根部推头9固定连接。
本实施例中，第一侧板和第二侧板向推头9方延伸形成两个延伸部，气缸12 的活塞杆11收回复位状态下，秧苗根部的推头9位于两个延伸部之间的上方后侧且推头底部端面略低于两个延伸部上边缘。
为了防止秧苗根部推头9工作过程中对秧苗造成损伤，秧苗根部推头9用于与秧苗接触的表面为弧形面。
为了实现对秧苗根部插入土体的角度进行调节，插秧器7靠近秧苗传送机构末端的端部固定有一个转动连接块，转动连接块与轴转动连接。
所述的轴为机架或托板13上额外设置的轴或者从动带轮之间的从动轮轴2-6，本实施例中，转动连接块与从动轮轴2-6通过轴承转动连接。托板13为固定在机架末端的板。
插秧器7的插秧臂与机架1或托板13之间还设置有锁紧部件。本实施例中，插秧臂的后端与机架1之间设置有锁紧部件，或者插秧臂与托板之间设置有锁紧部件，所述锁紧部件采用锁紧螺栓，插秧臂通过锁紧螺栓与机架固定。
机架1末端的端部设置有托板13，机架1用于转动安装在与移栽装置配合的移栽机架体上，机架1的末端通过托板13自由垂压贴合在垄面上，用于与地膜上的覆土接触。
机架1通过托板13与土体接触，使整个移栽装置沿地膜顺畅移动，保证了合理的插秧距离同时避免了机架1对地膜的损伤。托板13上设置有用于秧苗根部推头穿过的开口15，避免了托板13妨碍秧苗根部推头的运动。
托板远离秧苗传送机构末端的端部设有向上倾斜的挡土板14，防止托板13沿地膜行进过程中，地膜上的土进入到托板13的上表面。
秧苗传送机构的传送带设置有感应部件，相应的，机架上安装有与感应部件相配合的感应器，在本实施例中，感应部件采用磁铁，感应器采用磁力感应器， 磁力感应器与控制系统连接，在控制系统中预先设定好程序，当磁力感应器感应到磁铁时，产生信号并传输给控制系统，控制系统在设定时间后控制气缸工作，将秧苗的根部推出。
本实施例的移栽装置的工作方法为：
工作人员将秧苗水平横放在主动带轮和中间带轮之间的传送带上，且秧苗的根部位置与插秧器7的位置相对应，秧苗传送机构对秧苗进行传送，在压苗板4进料端的压苗件的作用下，秧苗进入中间带轮和从动带轮之间的传送带部分继续传送，传送至秧苗输送机构终端，秧苗的根部部分落入预插槽8中，气缸工作，利用秧苗根部推头9推动秧苗的根部，秧苗根部推头继续运动，刺破地膜后插入膜下的土体中，气缸的活塞杆11回位，秧苗的根部留在土体中，同时地膜上的盖土塌陷对地膜刺破的孔洞进行填埋。
整个过程需由牵引机构牵引，无需人工操作，工作效率高，降低了工作人员的劳动强度。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，如图7所示，与实施例1的区别仅在于插秧器的前端不作为秧苗根部的承接端，在秧苗传送机构秧苗输送终端位置的下方设有承接部件，承接部件位置对应于的秧苗传送机构接收秧苗根部位置，承接部件一侧设有插秧器。
承接部件为设置在托板上的承接块15，托板开口两侧均设置有承接块。在其他一些实施例中，承接块也可固定在机架上，或者承接块固定在从动轮轴上，此时从动轮轴与机架固定连接，从动带轮通过轴承与从动轮轴转动连接。
其余结构与实施例1相同，在此不进行详细叙述。
实施例3
本实施例公开了一种红薯秧苗移栽机，设置有实施例1或实施例2所述的红薯秧苗移栽装置，还包括牵引机构，红薯秧苗移栽装置的机架与牵引机构的架体转动连接，牵引机构可采用拖拉机等，具有内燃机或电机等动力输出机构，能够实现自走式移栽作业。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，其特征在于，包括机架和插秧器，机架安装有秧苗传送机构，插秧器的一端作为秧苗根部接收端，位于秧苗传送机构秧苗输送终端位置的下方，插秧器位置对应于秧苗传送机构接收秧苗根部的位置，插秧器与水平面呈设定夹角，插秧器包括插秧驱动机构，插秧驱动机构与秧苗根部推头连接，所述秧苗传送机构上方设置有压苗机构。
  2. 一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，其特征在于，包括机架和插秧器，机架安装有秧苗传送机构，秧苗传送机构秧苗输送终端位置的下方设有承接部件，承接部件位置对应于的秧苗传送机构接收秧苗根部位置，承接部件一侧设有插秧器，插秧器与水平面呈设定夹角，插秧器包括插秧驱动机构，插秧驱动机构与秧苗根部推头连接，所述秧苗传送机构上方设置有压苗机构。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，其特征在于，插秧器与安装在机架的轴转动连接，且插秧器与机架之间设有锁紧部件。
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述的一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，其特征在于，所述压苗机构包括压苗板，压苗板与机架固定连接，压苗板的进料端和出料端下表面均固定有多个压苗件。
  5. 如权利要求1或2所述的一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，其特征在于，所述压苗机构采用压紧传送机构，压紧传送机构与秧苗传送机构的传送部件在平行于传送部件的平面上的投影具有重叠部分以使得压紧传送机构和秧苗传送机构能够夹紧秧苗并进行传送。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，其特征在于，当压苗板进、出料端设置压苗件时，压苗板的下表面固定有多个压苗柔性条。
  7. 如权利要求1或2所述的一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，其特征在于，秧苗传送 机构的传送部件上设置有感应部件，相应的，机架上设置有感应器，感应器与控制系统连接，控制系统与插秧驱动件连接。
  8. 如权利要求1或2所述的一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，其特征在于，秧苗传送机构采用输送带传送机构，其传送带上设置有多个挡板。
  9. 如权利要求1或2所述的一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，其特征在于，所述机架位于秧苗传送机构末端的端部设置有托板。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，其特征在于，插秧器安装在托板。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的一种红薯秧苗移栽装置，其特征在于，托板上设置有轴，插秧器与轴转动连接，插秧器与机架或托板之间设置有锁紧部件。
  12. 一种红薯秧苗移栽机，其特征在于，包括权利要求1或2所述的红薯秧苗移栽装置。
PCT/CN2023/089564 2022-02-22 2023-04-20 一种红薯秧苗移栽装置及移栽机 WO2023160731A1 (zh)

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