WO2023160434A1 - 一种制冷装置及其冷冻切片机 - Google Patents

一种制冷装置及其冷冻切片机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023160434A1
WO2023160434A1 PCT/CN2023/075886 CN2023075886W WO2023160434A1 WO 2023160434 A1 WO2023160434 A1 WO 2023160434A1 CN 2023075886 W CN2023075886 W CN 2023075886W WO 2023160434 A1 WO2023160434 A1 WO 2023160434A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
refrigeration
block
refrigeration device
board
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PCT/CN2023/075886
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄包秀
王贤强
阳方义
陈华贵
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深圳市瑞沃德生命科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023160434A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023160434A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/42—Low-temperature sample treatment, e.g. cryofixation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
    • G01N1/06—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting providing a thin slice, e.g. microtome
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/02—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effects; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effects
    • F25B2321/021—Control thereof

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of cryostats, in particular to a refrigeration device and a cryostat.
  • a cryostat generally includes a cryostat cavity, which provides a cryostat environment for tissue sample sections.
  • a tissue sample, a sample head and a tool holder are accommodated in the cryostat chamber.
  • the knife holder is fixed, the tissue sample is held by the sample head, and a specific mechanism (not shown in the figure) drives the tissue sample and the sample head to make a vertical reciprocating movement (in the direction of the arrow in the figure) relative to the knife holder for sectioning.
  • the top of the low temperature and constant temperature chamber is a transparent glass window, through which the slices in the low temperature and constant temperature chamber can be observed.
  • the above-mentioned mechanism for driving the tissue sample and the sample head to perform vertical reciprocating motion not only supports the tissue sample and the sample head, but also has a cooling function, which can better maintain the tissue sample in a frozen state.
  • thermoelectric cooler (Thermo Electric Cooler, TEC) is a thermoelectric exchange device. Its basic working process is: N-type semiconductor and P-type semiconductor form a galvanic couple, and a DC current is input in the galvanic couple circuit, and the galvanic couple is Current will flow and energy transfer will occur, and heat will be released at one node, and conversely, heat will be absorbed at the other node, thus forming a cooling surface and a heat dissipation surface on both sides of the TEC.
  • the temperature regulation of the TEC can be realized by controlling the input direct current. At the same time, the thermal inertia of TEC is very small, and a large temperature difference can be achieved between the hot surface and the cold surface in a very short time.
  • TEC With its excellent performance, TEC has been widely used, not only in daily life, such as small refrigerators, air conditioners, water dispensers, etc., but also in military and medical fields, such as infrared detection of submarines and missiles, blood Analyzer etc.
  • TEC also has its own shortcomings, such as relatively low shear strength. Combined with the existing installation methods (welding, bonding, and bolting), TEC cannot play a good supporting role in the shear direction, and it is also not conducive to later maintenance.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a refrigeration device, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art that the mechanism including the TEC cannot play a good supporting role in the shear direction and the TEC is difficult to be easily removed for maintenance.
  • a refrigeration device including:
  • Fixing means (4) connected to the first plate (1);
  • first plate (1) and the second plate (2) are locked by a controllable torque, and the first plate (1) is locked by a fixing device (4) to fix the refrigeration device.
  • a cryostat including a low-temperature constant temperature cavity, a sample head, a knife holder, and a refrigeration device as described above; the first plate (1) of the refrigeration device supports the sample head, and drives the sample head in the low-temperature constant temperature chamber.
  • the body makes a linear reciprocating motion relative to the tool holder.
  • the refrigeration block is locked between the first plate and the second plate through a controllable torque, and the first plate is fixed by a fixing device.
  • the components play a supporting role, which improves the shear strength, and the refrigeration block can be removed for maintenance by loosening the locking torque between the first plate and the second plate, without causing damage to the refrigeration block.
  • Fig. 1 is a partial schematic diagram of a frozen microtome
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the refrigeration device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the groove provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the refrigeration device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • the refrigeration block is locked between the first plate and the second plate through a controllable torque, and the first plate is fixed by a fixing device.
  • the components play a supporting role, which improves the shear strength, and the refrigeration block can be removed for maintenance by loosening the locking torque between the first plate and the second plate, without causing damage to the refrigeration block.
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the refrigeration device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application. As shown in Fig. 2, the refrigeration device includes a first plate 1, a second plate 2, a refrigeration block 3 and a fixing device (4).
  • the refrigeration block 3 is located between the first plate 1 and the second plate 2, and the first plate 1 and the second plate 2 are locked by controllable torque. As shown in Figure 2, let the screw pass through the side ear of the first plate 1 and the side ear of the second plate 2, and control the locking torque of the screw to lock the refrigeration block 3 between the first plate 1 and the second plate 2, which can avoid In the process of tightening the screws, the refrigeration block 3 is unevenly stressed and its performance is affected by warping, and the refrigeration block 3 is squeezed and broken due to excessive force.
  • a heat-conducting silica gel cloth is arranged between the refrigeration block 3 and the first plate 1, and a heat-conducting silica gel cloth is arranged between the refrigeration block 3 and the second plate 2, which can effectively reduce the heat between the refrigeration block 3 and the first plate 1.
  • Resistance the thermal resistance between the cooling block 3 and the second plate 2, reduces the temperature transmission loss of the first plate 1, the cooling block 3 and the second plate 2, and improves the heat conduction efficiency.
  • the use of heat-conducting silicone cloth is more conducive to the disassembly and maintenance of the refrigeration block 3.
  • One side of the refrigeration block 3 cools and the other dissipates heat.
  • the refrigeration block 3 is a TEC
  • the first plate 1 is used to dissipate cold energy
  • the second plate 2 is used to dissipate heat.
  • the first plate 1 and the second plate 2 can also be interchanged, or the first plate 1 and the second plate 2 perform the same function (dissipate cold or dissipate heat)
  • the cooling block 3 can also be a heating block or is another heat conduction device, which is not limited here.
  • the fixing device 4 is connected with the first board 1, and the first board 1 is locked to other mechanisms through the fixing device 4, so as to fix the refrigeration device to other mechanisms.
  • the fixing device 4 may be a combination of parts such as screws, which is not limited here.
  • the second plate 2 and the refrigeration block 3 are not connected or fixed with the fixing device 4 or other mechanisms. When the first plate 1 is stressed in the shear direction, the force is transmitted from the first plate 1 to the fixing device 4 and other mechanisms, and will not be transmitted to the refrigeration block 3, which improves the shear strength of the refrigeration device.
  • the fixing device 4 includes a mounting plate 41 , a connecting piece 42 and a screw 43 , and the second plate 2 is located between the first plate 1 and the mounting plate 41 .
  • the screw 43 passes through the side ear of the first plate 1 and the connecting piece 42, tighten the screw 43, the first plate 1, the connecting piece 42 and the mounting plate 41 fit closely, and the first plate 1 and the connecting piece 42 are locked on the mounting plate 41 superior.
  • the height of the connecting piece 42 is set according to the thickness of the second plate 2 and the refrigeration block 3, so that the distance from the first plate 1 to the mounting plate 41 is greater than the distance from the first plate 1 to the second plate 2, and the second plate 2 and the mounting plate 41
  • the second board 2 is not in contact with, connected to or fixed with the mounting board 41 .
  • the refrigeration device is fixed to other mechanisms through the mounting plate 41 , and the mounting plates 41 of different shapes can adapt to the structural characteristics of different mechanisms.
  • the second plate 2 and the mounting plate 41 are suspended in the air, both of which are located on the same side of the first plate 1, and other devices are installed on the other side of the first plate 1, and the force in the shearing direction will not be transmitted to the refrigeration unit.
  • Block 3 can also reduce the cold transfer loss of the refrigeration device.
  • the material of the connecting piece 42 is selected as a thermal insulation material, which reduces the cooling capacity of the first plate 1 transmitted to the mounting plate 41 and other mechanisms connected to the mounting plate 41, and reduces the cooling capacity of the refrigeration device. transmission loss.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view around the groove provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application. As shown in Figure 3, the three on the left are open grooves, and the one on the far right is a closed groove. As shown by the arrow in the figure, the main movement of the refrigeration device is linear reciprocating motion in the shearing direction, the lower side limits the position of the refrigeration block 3 , and the other sides fix the refrigeration block 3 .
  • the first board 1 is surrounded by open grooves
  • the second board 2 is surrounded by open grooves
  • the combination of the two forms an open groove or a closed groove.
  • a closed groove can best limit the movement of the refrigeration block 3 .
  • the grooves around the first board 1 or the grooves around the second board 2 are U-shaped, and the grooves around the other are in-line, and the combination forms a closed groove.
  • the grooves around the first board 1 and the second board 2 are all right-angled, and combined to form a closed groove. According to the main movement direction of the refrigeration device and the actual situation of the product, the shape of the groove around the first plate 1 and the second plate 2 and the surrounding of the groove formed by the combination of the two can be flexibly set, which is not limited here.
  • the refrigeration device further includes a heating rod arranged in the first plate 1 , a temperature control switch, a temperature sensor 5 and a pipe 6 arranged in the second plate 2 .
  • the heating rod coated with thermal conductive silicone grease, temperature control switch and temperature sensor 5 into the first board 1, the temperature sensor 5 monitors the temperature of the first board 1 in real time, and the temperature control switch controls whether the heating rod is activated to cooperate with cooling Block 3 regulates the temperature.
  • the pipe 6 includes a channel arranged in the second plate 2 and an inlet and an outlet attached to the second plate 2 , and the brine can dissipate heat from the second plate 2 through the pipe 6 . Compared with natural heat dissipation and air-cooled heat dissipation, the noise of brine heat dissipation is low, and under the condition of the same area of the second plate 2 , its heat dissipation effect is better.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the refrigeration device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • paste heat-conducting silica gel cloths of equal size on both sides of the refrigeration block 3 and then use screws to lock the first plate 1, the second plate 2 and the refrigeration block 3 with heat-conducting silica gel cloths on both sides through a certain torque
  • the refrigeration block is locked between the first plate and the second plate through a controllable torque, and the first plate is fixed by a fixing device.
  • the components play a supporting role, which improves the shear strength, and the refrigeration block can be removed for maintenance by loosening the locking torque between the first plate and the second plate, without causing damage to the refrigeration block.
  • the basic structure of the refrigeration device is the same as that of Embodiment 1, and the components that are the same as those of Embodiment 1 continue to use the same symbols as in Embodiment 1, including all the features described in Embodiment 1, and are not repeated here. repeat.
  • the cryostat provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a cryostat chamber, a sample head, a knife holder, and the refrigeration device described in Embodiment 1.
  • the first plate 1 of the refrigeration device supports the sample head, and drives the sample head to perform linear reciprocating motion relative to the knife holder in the low-temperature constant temperature chamber.
  • the knife holder is fixedly arranged in the cryogenic constant temperature cavity, the tissue sample is held by the sample head, and the sample head is fixed on the first plate 1 of the refrigeration device.
  • the refrigeration block 3 is locked between the first plate 1 and the second plate 2 by a controllable torsion force, and the first plate 1 is locked to the vertical reciprocating mechanism in the cryostat through a fixing device.
  • the first plate 1 of the refrigerating device drives the tissue sample and the sample head to perform vertical reciprocating motion relative to the knife holder for slicing, and the refrigerating device has both cooling and supporting functions.
  • the direction of the vertical reciprocating motion is the shearing direction of the refrigeration device and also the shearing direction of the refrigeration block 3 .
  • the refrigeration device is subjected to the force of the tissue sample and the sample head in the shearing direction.
  • the block 3 prevents the refrigerating block 3 from being stressed in the shearing direction, and improves the shearing strength of the refrigerating device.
  • the refrigeration block is locked between the first plate and the second plate through a controllable torque, and the first plate is fixed by a fixing device.
  • the components play a supporting role, which improves the shear strength, and the refrigeration block can be removed for maintenance by loosening the locking torque between the first plate and the second plate, without causing damage to the refrigeration block.

Abstract

一种制冷装置及冷冻切片机，包括用于散发冷量的第一板（1）；用于散热的第二板（2）；位于第一板（1）和第二板（2）之间的制冷块（3）；以及与第一板（1）连接的固定装置（4）；其中，第一板（1）和第二板（2）通过可控的扭力锁紧，第一板（1）通过固定装置（4）锁紧以使制冷装置固定。通过可控的扭力将制冷块（3）锁紧在第一板（1）和第二板（2）之间，第一板（1）通过固定装置（4）以固定，在制冷块（3）制冷的同时在剪切方向由第一板（1）对其他部件起支撑作用，提高了剪切强度，松开第一板（1）和第二板（2）之间的锁紧扭力即可卸下制冷块（3）进行维修，不会对制冷块（3）造成损坏。

Description

一种制冷装置及其冷冻切片机
本申请要求于2022年02月28日在中国专利局提交的、申请号为202210186297.X、发明名称为“一种制冷装置及其冷冻切片机”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及冷冻切片机技术领域，尤其涉及一种制冷装置及其冷冻切片机。
 背景技术
冷冻切片机适用于生物学、医学和工业研究领域中的组织样本切片的制作，也适用于体外诊断领域。如图1所示，冷冻切片机通常包括一个低温恒温腔体，为组织样本切片提供一个低温恒温的环境。低温恒温腔体内容纳有组织样本、样本头和刀架。刀架固定设置，组织样本由样本头夹持，特定的机构（图中未示出）带动组织样本和样本头相对刀架做垂直往复运动（图中箭头的方向）进行切片。低温恒温腔体的上方为透明的玻璃窗，透过该玻璃窗可观察低温恒温腔体中的切片情况。上述带动组织样本和样本头做垂直往复运动的机构除了对组织样本和样本头起支撑作用外，还具有制冷功能，能够更好地使组织样本维持在冷冻的状态。
热电致冷器（Thermo Electric Cooler，TEC）是一种热电交换装置，其基本的工作过程为：N型半导体和P型半导体结成电偶，在电偶回路中输入直流电流，电偶上就会流过电流并发生能量转移，在一个结点上放热，相反地，在另一个结点上吸热，由此在TEC的两面会分别形成制冷面和散热面。通过对输入的直流电流的控制就可以实现对TEC温度的调控。与此同时，TEC的热惯性非常小，在非常短的时间内热面和冷面即可达到较大的温差。TEC凭借其优秀的性能得到了广泛的应用，不仅应用于日常生活中，如小型冰箱、空调、饮水机等，还较多地应用于军事和医疗领域中，如潜艇、导弹的红外探测、血液分析仪等。但是TEC也有其自身的缺点，如剪切强度比较低，结合现有的安装方式（焊接、粘合、螺栓固定）TEC在剪切方向无法很好的起到支撑作用，也不利于后期维修。
若需要包含TEC的某些机构在剪切方向起到支撑作用，并且TEC可方便卸下维修，如冷冻切片机中带动组织样本和样本头做垂直往复运动的机构，目前还没有满足该使用场景的装置。
 技术问题
本申请实施例提供一种制冷装置，旨在解决现有技术中包含TEC的机构在剪切方向无法很好的起到支撑作用而且TEC难以方便卸下维修的问题。
 技术解决方案
第一方面，提供了一种制冷装置，包括：
用于散发冷量的第一板（1）；
用于散热的第二板（2）；
位于第一板（1）和第二板（2）之间的制冷块（3）；以及
与第一板（1）连接的固定装置（4）；
其中，第一板（1）和第二板（2）通过可控的扭力锁紧，第一板（1）通过固定装置（4）锁紧以使制冷装置固定。
第二方面，提供了一种冷冻切片机，包括低温恒温腔体、样本头、刀架和如上描述的制冷装置；制冷装置的第一板（1）支撑样本头，带动样本头在低温恒温腔体内相对刀架做直线往复运动。
本申请实施例通过可控的扭力将制冷块锁紧在第一板和第二板之间，第一板通过固定装置以固定，在制冷块制冷的同时在剪切方向由第一板对其他部件起支撑作用，提高了剪切强度，松开第一板和第二板之间的锁紧扭力即可卸下制冷块进行维修，不会对制冷块造成损坏。
 附图说明
本申请上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是冷冻切片机的局部示意图；
图2是本申请实施例一提供的制冷装置的爆炸图；
图3是本申请实施例一提供的凹槽的示意图；
图4是本申请实施例一提供的制冷装置的安装示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的模块或具有相同或类似功能的模块。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。相反，本申请的实施例包括落入所附加权利要求书的精神和内涵范围内的所有变化、修改和等同物。
本申请实施例通过可控的扭力将制冷块锁紧在第一板和第二板之间，第一板通过固定装置以固定，在制冷块制冷的同时在剪切方向由第一板对其他部件起支撑作用，提高了剪切强度，松开第一板和第二板之间的锁紧扭力即可卸下制冷块进行维修，不会对制冷块造成损坏。
实施例一
图2是本申请实施例一提供的制冷装置的爆炸图。如图2所示，该制冷装置包括第一板1、第二板2、制冷块3和固定装置（4）。
制冷块3位于第一板1和第二板2之间，第一板1和第二板2通过可控的扭力锁紧。如图2，使螺钉穿过第一板1的侧耳和第二板2的侧耳，控制螺钉的锁紧扭力将制冷块3锁紧在第一板1和第二板2之间，可避免在打紧螺钉过程中制冷块3受力不均出现翘边影响性能的情况、制冷块3因受力过大被挤压破碎的情况。优选地，在制冷块3与第一板1之间设置导热硅胶布，在制冷块3与第二板2之间设置导热硅胶布，可有效降低制冷块3与第一板1之间的热阻、制冷块3与第二板2之间的热阻，减小第一板1、制冷块3和第二板2的温度传动损耗，提高热传导效率。相对于在制冷块3的两面涂抹导热硅脂时会产生吸附力，采用导热硅胶布更利于制冷块3的拆卸维护。制冷块3的一面制冷一面散热，相应地，第一板1和第二板2，其中之一制冷另一散热。在本申请实施例中，制冷块3为TEC，第一板1用于散发冷量，第二板2用于散热。实际应用中，第一板1和第二板2也可以互换，或者第一板1和第二板2执行相同的功能（散发冷量或者散热），制冷块3也可以是制热块或者是其他热传导器件，在此不做限定。
固定装置4与第一板1连接，第一板1通过固定装置4锁紧到其他的机构，以将制冷装置固定到其他机构上。固定装置4可以是螺钉等零部件的组合，在此不做限定。在本申请实施例中，第二板2和制冷块3不与固定装置4、其他机构连接或者固定。第一板1在剪切方向受力时，该作用力由第一板1传递至固定装置4、其他机构，不会传递至制冷块3，提高了制冷装置的剪切强度。
作为本申请的一个实施例，固定装置4包括安装板41、连接件42和螺钉43，第二板2位于第一板1和安装板41之间。螺钉43穿过第一板1的侧耳和连接件42，打紧螺钉43，第一板1、连接件42和安装板41紧密贴合，将第一板1和连接件42锁紧在安装板41上。根据第二板2和制冷块3的厚度设置连接件42的高度，使得第一板1到安装板41的距离大于第一板1到第二板2的距离，第二板2和安装板41之间悬空，第二板2不与安装板41接触、连接或者固定。通过安装板41将制冷装置固定到其他机构上，不同形状的安装板41可适应不同机构的结构特点。第二板2和安装板41之间悬空，两者均位于第一板1的同侧，在第一板1的另一侧安装其他的装置，在剪切方向其作用力不会传递至制冷块3，同时也可减少制冷装置的冷量传递损耗。
对于在冷冻切片机等的应用场景，连接件42的材质选择为隔热材料，降低第一板1的冷量传递至安装板41以及与安装板41连接的其他机构，减少制冷装置的冷量传递损耗。
在本申请实施例中，第一板1的四周与第二板2的四周配合形成开放的凹槽或者闭合的凹槽，用于限位制冷块3，使得制冷块3在剪切方向进一步固定。图3是本申请实施例一提供的凹槽四周的示意图。如图3所示，左边三个为开放的凹槽，最右边的一个为闭合的凹槽。如图中箭头所示，制冷装置的主要运动为剪切方向的直线往复运动，下方的边对制冷块3进行限位，其他的边对制冷块3起固定作用。为了便于安装和拆卸，第一板1的四周为开放的凹槽，第二板2的四周为开放的凹槽，二者组合形成开放的凹槽或者闭合的凹槽。闭合的凹槽能够最好地限制制冷块3移动。基于此，第一板1的四周的凹槽或者第二板2的四周的凹槽为U型，另一者四周的凹槽为一字型，组合形成闭合的凹槽。作为本申请的另一实施例，第一板1和第二板2的四周的凹槽均为直角型，组合形成闭合的凹槽。根据制冷装置的主要运动方向和产品实际情况，可灵活设置第一板1和第二板2四周的凹槽形状以及二者组合形成的凹槽四周，在此不做限定。
在本申请实施例中，制冷装置还包括设置于第一板1内的加热棒、温控开关、温度传感器5和设置于第二板2的管道6。将涂抹了导热硅脂的加热棒、温控开关和温度传感器5放入第一板1中，温度传感器5对第一板1的温度进行实时监控，温控开关控制加热棒是否启动来配合制冷块3对温度进行调控。管道6包括设置于第二板2内的通道以及附着在第二板2上的入口和出口，载冷剂通过管道6可对第二板2进行散热。相较于自然散热和风冷散热，载冷剂散热的噪音低，在相同的第二板2面积的条件下，其散热效果更好。
图4是本申请实施例一提供的制冷装置的安装示意图。如图4所示，在制冷块3的两面贴上尺寸相当的导热硅胶布，再使用螺钉将第一板1、第二板2和两面贴有导热硅胶布的制冷块3通过一定的扭力锁紧，然后将均匀涂抹了导热硅脂的加热棒、温控开关和温度传感器5安装到第一板1内，最后通过螺钉43将第一板1和连接件42锁紧到安装板41，安装过程方便。
需拆卸维护时，松开所有螺钉，分开第一板1和第二板2，即可从第一板1或者第二板2取下制冷块3。拆卸过程不会损坏第一板1、制冷块3和第二板2，便于后续维修。
本申请实施例通过可控的扭力将制冷块锁紧在第一板和第二板之间，第一板通过固定装置以固定，在制冷块制冷的同时在剪切方向由第一板对其他部件起支撑作用，提高了剪切强度，松开第一板和第二板之间的锁紧扭力即可卸下制冷块进行维修，不会对制冷块造成损坏。
实施例二
在本申请实施例中，制冷装置的基本结构与实施例一相同，与实施例一相同的各部件沿用与实施例一相同的标号，包括在实施例一中描述的全部特征，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例提供的冷冻切片机包括低温恒温腔体、样本头、刀架和实施例一描述的制冷装置。制冷装置的第一板1支撑样本头，带动样本头在低温恒温腔体内相对刀架做直线往复运动。
如图1和图2所示，刀架固定设置于低温恒温腔体内，组织样本由样本头夹持，样本头固定在制冷装置的第一板1上。通过可控的扭力将制冷块3锁紧在第一板1和第二板2之间，第一板1通过固定装置锁紧到冷冻切片机内做垂直往复运动的机构上。切片时，制冷装置的第一板1带动组织样本和样本头相对刀架做垂直往复运动进行切片，制冷装置同时具备制冷功能和支撑作用。垂直往复运动的方向为制冷装置的剪切方向，也是制冷块3的剪切方向。在本申请实施例中，制冷装置在剪切方向上受到组织样本和样本头的作用力，该作用力由第一板1传递至冷冻切片机内做垂直往复运动的机构，不会传递至制冷块3，避免了制冷块3在剪切方向受力，提高了制冷装置的剪切强度。
本申请实施例通过可控的扭力将制冷块锁紧在第一板和第二板之间，第一板通过固定装置以固定，在制冷块制冷的同时在剪切方向由第一板对其他部件起支撑作用，提高了剪切强度，松开第一板和第二板之间的锁紧扭力即可卸下制冷块进行维修，不会对制冷块造成损坏。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本申请的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种制冷装置，其特征在于，包括：
    用于散发冷量的第一板（1）；
    用于散热的第二板（2）；
    位于所述第一板（1）和所述第二板（2）之间的制冷块（3）；以及
    与所述第一板（1）连接的固定装置（4）；
    其中，所述第一板（1）和所述第二板（2）通过可控的扭力锁紧，所述第一板（1）通过所述固定装置（4）锁紧以使所述制冷装置固定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制冷装置，其特征在于，所述固定装置（4）包括安装板（41）、连接件（42）和螺钉（43）；
    所述螺钉（43）将所述第一板（1）和所述连接件（42）锁紧在所述安装板（41）上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的制冷装置，其特征在于，所述连接件（42）的材质为隔热材料。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的制冷装置，其特征在于，所述第二板（2）位于所述第一板（1）和所述安装板（41）之间，所述第一板（1）到所述安装板（41）的距离大于所述第一板（1）到所述第二板（2）的距离。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的制冷装置，其特征在于，所述第一板（1）的四周与第二板（2）的四周配合形成凹槽，用于限制所述制冷块（3）移动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的制冷装置，其特征在于，所述第一板（1）的四周与所述第二板（2）的四周配合形成闭合的凹槽。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的制冷装置，其特征在于，在所述制冷块（3）与所述第一板（1）之间设置导热硅胶布，在所述制冷块（3）与所述第二板（2）之间设置导热硅胶布。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的制冷装置，其特征在于，还包括设置于所述第一板（1）内的温度传感器（5）。
  9. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的制冷装置，其特征在于，还包括设置于所述第二板（2）的管道（6），所述管道（6）用于通载冷剂使所述第二板（2）散热。
  10. 一种冷冻切片机，其特征在于，包括低温恒温腔体、样本头、刀架和如权利要求1-9任一项所述的制冷装置；所述制冷装置的第一板（1）支撑所述样本头，带动所述样本头在所述低温恒温腔体内相对所述刀架做直线往复运动。
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