WO2023159995A1 - 异质结电池、光伏组件电池串及其制造方法 - Google Patents

异质结电池、光伏组件电池串及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023159995A1
WO2023159995A1 PCT/CN2022/127990 CN2022127990W WO2023159995A1 WO 2023159995 A1 WO2023159995 A1 WO 2023159995A1 CN 2022127990 W CN2022127990 W CN 2022127990W WO 2023159995 A1 WO2023159995 A1 WO 2023159995A1
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heterojunction
battery
battery sheet
metal
line
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PCT/CN2022/127990
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张治勋
周华明
石刚
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通威太阳能（合肥）有限公司
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Priority to EP22928257.9A priority Critical patent/EP4345914A1/en
Priority to AU2022442283A priority patent/AU2022442283A1/en
Publication of WO2023159995A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023159995A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H01L31/022433—Particular geometry of the grid contacts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a heterojunction battery, a photovoltaic module battery string and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the core component of a photovoltaic module is a photovoltaic cell.
  • SWCT SmartWire Smart Grid Connection Technology
  • This type of technology requires the use of composite films to bind low-temperature metals during serial welding. After lamination and hot pressing, the low-temperature metal wires are connected with silver grid wires or ITO (indium tin oxide) to realize electrical transmission, but this kind of technology will have the following problems: the use cost of the composite film is high, and the composite film The light transmittance of the film is low, the long-term weather resistance is poor, the contact resistance between the metal wire and ITO is large, the packaging loss is large, and the photovoltaic cell efficiency is low.
  • the present application provides a heterojunction battery comprising:
  • the battery sheet has a front side and a back side arranged oppositely;
  • the screen printing grid lines are set as silver paste, and the silk screen grid lines are set on the front and back of the battery sheet;
  • the metal mesh is connected with the screen printing grid lines and fixed on the battery sheet;
  • the metal mesh includes a plurality of first metal wires and a plurality of second metal wires, and a plurality of the first metal wires Arranged at intervals along the first direction of the battery sheet, a plurality of the second metal wires are arranged at intervals along the second direction of the battery sheet, and the first metal wires perpendicularly intersect with the second metal wires;
  • the first metal line is set as a main gate line
  • the second metal line is set as a sub-gate line.
  • the metal mesh can be used as the main grid line and the auxiliary grid line for current transmission.
  • the silk screen grid line is mainly used to bond and fix the metal grid, which can greatly reduce the use of silk screen grid lines and reduce costs.
  • the light transmittance is high, and the weather resistance is good.
  • the wire diameter of the metal mesh can be enlarged, and the electrical conductivity is excellent, which helps to improve the efficiency of the cell.
  • the screen printing grid lines are set as silver paste lines, and the width range of the silver paste lines is 1um to 50um, and the height range is 1um to 20um; the width range of the silver paste lines is 30um, and the height is It is 5um.
  • the structure of the screen printing grid is consistent with that of the metal mesh, so that the silk screen grid is in full contact with the metal mesh.
  • the distribution area of the silk screen grid lines on the battery sheet is smaller than the distribution area of the metal mesh on the battery sheet, so that the screen printing grid lines are partially in contact with the metal mesh .
  • the metal mesh is any one of copper mesh, aluminum mesh, and alloy mesh.
  • the diameter of the main gate line is greater than or equal to the diameter of the auxiliary gate line.
  • the busbar has a connecting line segment, and the connecting line segment extends to one side or two opposite sides of the battery sheet.
  • the auxiliary grid line has a connecting line segment, and the connecting line segment protrudes to one side or two opposite sides of the battery sheet.
  • the present application also provides a photovoltaic module cell string, which includes at least two heterojunction cells as described above, and at least two of the heterojunction cells are connected in a string by shingling or ribbon bonding.
  • the present application also provides a manufacturing method for processing the photovoltaic module cell string as described above, which includes the following steps:
  • At least two strings of photovoltaic modules are stacked.
  • FIG. 1 is an assembly structure diagram of a heterojunction battery described in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is the explosion structure diagram of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is an assembly structure diagram of heterojunction cells described in other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is the explosion structure diagram of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of photovoltaic module cell strings according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • 100 heterojunction battery; 10: cell sheet; 20: silk screen grid;
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity or order of the indicated technical features.
  • the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
  • “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • heterojunction solar cell 100 As shown in Figure 1, it is a heterojunction solar cell 100 shown in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the English name of the heterojunction solar cell is abbreviated as HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer), and the Chinese name is intrinsic thin film heterojunction battery 100.
  • a p-n junction solar cell composed of two different types of semiconductor materials can be called a heterojunction solar cell, as opposed to a homojunction cell, that is, the p-n junction is composed of the same semiconductor material.
  • a good passivation contact can minimize the carrier loading rate on the contact surface while maintaining good electrical performance of the battery, and the structure of the heterojunction battery 100 is one of the best.
  • HIT cells are generally based on N-type silicon wafers, and the typical structure is a transparent conductive oxide film (TCO for short), a P-type amorphous silicon film, and an intrinsic hydrogen-rich amorphous silicon film on the front; TCO transparent conductive oxide film, N-type amorphous silicon film and intrinsic amorphous silicon film in sequence.
  • the manufacturing process of HIT batteries is also relatively simple.
  • the thin films in the above-mentioned battery structures are formed by deposition.
  • metal electrodes are prepared on both sides of the battery by screen printing or electroplating processes, and then undergo a low-temperature curing process. Complete the manufacture of the HIT battery.
  • the HIT battery process is relatively short, with only four major steps, which are cleaning and texturing, amorphous silicon deposition, TCO deposition, and silk screen curing.
  • the HIT battery is also the first step in battery manufacturing with cleaning and texturing.
  • the main purpose of this step is to remove oil and metal impurities on the surface of the N-type substrate and remove the mechanical damage layer. , forming a pyramid suede that traps light and reduces surface reflections.
  • each film is only 4nm-10nm, the function and preparation process of each 1nm-2nm are quite different. Therefore, intrinsic and doped amorphous silicon films need to be completed in multiple cavities, and PECVD needs to introduce Multi-chamber deposition system.
  • TCO metal oxide conductive layer
  • the heterojunction battery 100 includes a battery sheet 10 , a screen-printed grid 20 and a metal mesh 30 .
  • the battery sheet 10 has a front side and a back side opposite to each other; the screen printing grid lines 20 are arranged on the front side and the back side of the battery sheet 10 ; the metal mesh 30 is connected with the screen printing grid lines 20 and fixed on the battery sheet 10 .
  • the screen-printed grid lines 20 are set as silver paste or conductive glue according to actual needs. In this way, the manufacturability of the screen-printed grid lines 20 can be improved.
  • silver paste processing for the screen printing grid line 20 will be described below.
  • the implementation of the technical solution of this embodiment will have the following beneficial effects: when processing the heterojunction battery 100 of the above solution, firstly, screen printing grid lines 20 are sequentially produced on the front and back of the battery sheet 10 according to the battery pattern. , and then align the pre-prepared metal mesh 30 with the screen printing grid line 20 and lay it on the battery sheet 10, so that the metal mesh 30 is combined with the silver paste, and finally put the battery sheet 10 into the drying equipment for drying and curing , the metal mesh 30 can be bonded and fixed with the battery sheet 10 through the silver paste, and the above steps are repeated to prepare the other side, so as to prepare the finished heterojunction battery 100 .
  • the metal mesh 30 can be used as the main grid line 31 and the auxiliary grid line 32 for current transmission.
  • the silk screen grid line 20 is mainly used to bond and fix the metal mesh 30, which can greatly reduce the amount of silver paste used , cost reduction, high light transmittance, and good weather resistance.
  • the wire diameter of the metal mesh 30 can be enlarged, and the electrical conductivity is excellent, which helps to improve the efficiency of the cell 10 .
  • the screen printing grid lines 20 are configured as silver paste lines, the width of the silver paste lines ranges from 1 um to 50 um, and the height ranges from 1 um to 20 um.
  • silver paste lines By setting silver paste lines with different widths and heights, metal meshes 30 with different diameters can be used, so that the heterojunction battery 100 can obtain different battery efficiencies, and the application range of the heterojunction battery 100 can be improved.
  • the width range of the optional silver paste line is 30um, and the height is 5um.
  • the structures of the screen printing grid lines 20 and the metal mesh 30 are consistent, so that the screen printing grid lines 20 and the metal mesh 30 are fully contacted and bonded. In this way, the bonding area between the metal mesh 30 and the screen-printed grid lines 20 is the largest, which helps to improve the bonding strength between the metal mesh 30 and the battery sheet 10 , and improves the structural stability of the heterojunction battery 100 .
  • the battery sheet 10 is rectangular
  • the metal mesh 30 is a rectangular grid structure with rectangular meshes
  • the corresponding screen printing grid lines 20 are also rectangular grid structures with the same size and structure as the metal mesh 30. . It can be understood that each metal wire of the metal mesh 30 has a corresponding silk screen grid line 20 in contact with and combined with it.
  • the distribution area of the screen printing grid lines 20 on the battery sheet 10 is smaller than the distribution area of the metal mesh 30 on the battery sheet 10 , so that the screen printing grid lines 20 and the metal mesh 30 are partially in contact with each other.
  • it is allowed to combine part of the metal mesh 30 with the screen printing grid lines 20 , thereby helping to further reduce the amount of silver paste used, so as to reduce costs.
  • the metal mesh 30 is any one of copper mesh, aluminum mesh, and alloy mesh.
  • the metal mesh 30 is easy to obtain, easy to manufacture and low in use cost, and can improve the manufacturability of the heterojunction battery 100. It should be noted that, in actual processing, the metal mesh 30 may not be limited to the above-mentioned materials, and may be selected according to actual needs.
  • the metal mesh 30 includes a plurality of first metal wires and a plurality of second metal wires, the plurality of first metal wires are arranged at intervals along the first direction of the battery sheet 10, and the plurality of second metal wires are arranged along the first direction of the battery sheet 10.
  • the sheet 10 is arranged at intervals in the second direction, and the first metal line and the second metal line are vertically intersected; wherein, the first metal line is set as the main gate line 31 , and the second metal line is set as the auxiliary gate line 32 .
  • the structure of the metal mesh 30 is simple, and the vertical intersection of the first metal wire and the second metal wire is convenient for processing and forming; in addition, arranging a plurality of first metal wires and second metal wires at the same time helps to improve the current flow efficiency and improve the performance of the battery sheet 10. efficiency.
  • the metal mesh 30 may only include one kind of metal wire, and the metal wire is arranged in a regular or irregular structure such as a spiral or a loop; or when the first metal wire and the first metal wire are included
  • the first metal wire and the second metal wire are arranged in an intersecting or non-intersecting structure with a regular or irregular structure such as a spiral or a loop.
  • the diameter of the main gate line 31 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the auxiliary gate line 32 .
  • the main grid lines 31 are arranged vertically and the auxiliary grid lines 32 are arranged horizontally, and the diameter of the main grid lines 31 is larger than that of the auxiliary grid lines 32.
  • the main grid lines 31 have more The high strength can support the auxiliary grid lines 32 and ensure a more stable structure of the entire metal mesh 30 .
  • the main grid line 31 or the auxiliary grid line 32 has a connecting line segment 33 , which is used for welding with the bus bars at both ends of the battery string, and can also extend to one side or two opposite sides of the battery sheet 10 .
  • the protruding connecting line segment 33 facilitates welding or bonding and fixing of adjacent heterojunction cells 100 as a whole.
  • the opposite sides of the two adjacent heterojunction cells 100 may not protrude from the connecting line segment 33 , but are directly assembled by stacking parts up and down and then bonding and fixing them.
  • the present application also provides a photovoltaic module cell string 200, which includes at least two heterojunction cells 100 according to any of the above embodiments, and at least two heterojunction cells 100 adopt a shingled method or a ribbon method Connect in string.
  • the present application also provides a manufacturing method for processing the above photovoltaic module cell string 200, which includes the following steps:
  • S100 Provide the battery sheet 10, and process the screen printing grid lines 20 on the battery sheet 10 according to the battery pattern.
  • S400 Classifying the heterojunction battery 100 for testing.
  • S500 Perform string welding on at least two binned heterojunction cells 100 to form a cell string 200 of a photovoltaic module.
  • S600 Laminate at least two photovoltaic module cell strings 200 .

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种异质结电池(100)、光伏组件电池串及其制造方法。异质结电池(100)包括：电池片(10)，所述电池片(10)具有相对设置的正面和背面；丝印栅线(20)，所述丝印栅线(20)设置为银浆，所述丝印栅线(20)设置于所述电池片(10)的正面和背面上；以及金属网(30)，所述金属网(30)与所述丝印栅线(20)连接并固设于所述电池片(10)上。

Description

异质结电池、光伏组件电池串及其制造方法
本申请要求于2022年2月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为2022101822154、发明名称为“异质结电池、光伏组件电池串及其制造方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种异质结电池、光伏组件电池串及其制造方法。
背景技术
面对世界范围内不可再生能源的消耗殆尽的严重问题，各国都在大力倡导发展可再生的清洁能源，这其中能够将太阳能转化为电能的光伏产业得到了空前的发展机遇。
光伏组件中的核心部件为光伏电池，目前行业中针对异质结电池主要采用SmartWire智能栅网连接技术(SWCT)或类似技术进行封装，此类技术在串焊时需要使用复合膜来束缚低温金属丝，经过层压和热压加工后，低温金属丝与银栅线或ITO(氧化铟锡)形成连接以实现电传输，但此类技术会存在如下问题：复合膜的使用成本高，且复合膜的透光率低，长期耐候性能差，金属线与ITO接触电阻大，封装损失大，光伏电池效率低。
发明内容
基于此，有必要提供一种异质结电池、光伏组件电池串及其制造方法，旨在解决现有技术复合膜的成本低、透光率低、耐侯性能差，电阻大，电池效率低的问题。
一方面，本申请提供一种异质结电池，其包括：
电池片，所述电池片具有相对设置的正面和背面；
丝印栅线，所述丝印栅线设置为银浆，所述丝印栅线设置于所述电池片的正面和背面上；以及
金属网，所述金属网与所述丝印栅线连接并固设于所述电池片上；所述金属网包括多根第一金属线和多根第二金属线，多根所述第一金属线沿所述电池片的第一方向间隔排布，多根所述第二金属线沿所述电池片的第二方向间隔排布，所述第一金属线与所述第二金属线垂直相交；其中，所述第一金属线设为主栅线，所述第二金属线设为副栅线。
上述方案的异质结电池进行加工时，首先根据电池图形在电池片的正面和背面依次采用丝网印刷制作出丝印栅线，而后将提前制备好的金属网对准丝印栅线后铺放到电池片上，使金属网与丝印栅线结合，最后将电池片放入烘干设备中进行烘干固化处理，金属网便可通过丝印栅线与电池片粘结固接为一体，从而制备得到异质结电池成品。如此一来，金属网可当做主栅线和副栅线进行电流传输，丝印栅线除采集电流以外，主要被用来粘结固定金属网，可大大减少丝印栅线的使用量，降低成本，同时透光率高，且耐侯性能佳，此外，金属网的线径可以做大，导电性能优良，有助于提升电池片效率。
下面对本申请的技术方案作进一步的说明：
在其中一个实施例中，所述丝印栅线设置为银浆线，所述银浆线的宽度范围为1um～50um，高度范围为1um～20um；所述银浆线的宽度范围为30um，高度为5um。
在其中一个实施例中，所述丝印栅线与所述金属网的结构保持一致，以使所述丝印栅线与所述金属网全接触贴合。
在其中一个实施例中，所述丝印栅线在所述电池片上的分布面积小于 所述金属网在所述电池片上的分布面积，以使所述丝印栅线与所述金属网部分接触贴合。
在其中一个实施例中，所述金属网采用铜网、铝网、合金网其中的任意一种。
在其中一个实施例中，所述主栅线的线径大于或等于所述副栅线的线径。
在其中一个实施例中，所述主栅线具有连接线段，所述连接线段伸出至所述电池片的其中一个侧面或者两个相对侧面。
在其中一个实施例中，所述副栅线具有连接线段，所述连接线段伸出至所述电池片的其中一个侧面或者两个相对侧面。
另一方面，本申请还提供一种光伏组件电池串，其包括至少两个如上所述的异质结电池，至少两个所述异质结电池采用叠瓦方式或焊带方式连接呈串。
此外，本申请还提供一种加工如上所述的光伏组件电池串的制造方法，其包括如下步骤：
提供电池片，按照电池图形在电池片上丝印加工出丝印栅线；
将金属网对准丝印栅线后铺放至电池片上；
对电池片进行烘干固化以形成异质结电池；
对异质结电池进行测试分档；
对分档后的至少两个异质结电池进行串焊加工以形成光伏组件电池串；
将至少两个光伏组件电池串进行叠层。
本发明的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
为了更好地描述和说明本申请的实施例和/或示例，可以参考一幅或多幅附图。用于描述附图的附加细节或示例不应当被认为是对所公开的发明、目前描述的实施例和/或示例以及目前理解的这些发明的最佳模式中的任何一者的范围的限制。
图1为本申请一些实施例所述的异质结电池的组装结构图；
图2为图1的爆炸结构图；
图3为本申请另一些实施例所述的异质结电池的组装结构图；
图4为图3的爆炸结构图；
图5为本申请又一些实施例所述的光伏组件电池串的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
100：异质结电池；         10：电池片；          20：丝印栅线；
30：金属网；              31：主栅线；          32：副栅线；
33：连接线段；            200：光伏组件电池串。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本申请，下面将参照相关附图对本申请进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本申请的较佳实施例。但是，本申请可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。应该理解，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本申请的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或顺序。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的 技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。
如图1所示，为本申请一些实施例展示的一种异质结电池100，异质结太阳电池英文名称缩写为HIT(Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer)，中文名称为本征薄膜异质结电池100。p-n结包括两种不同类型的半导体材料组成的太阳能电池均可称为异质结太阳能电池，与之相对的是同质结电池，即p-n结由同种半导体材料组成。良好的钝化接触可以在最大化降低接触表面的载流子负荷速率的同时保持电池较好的电学性能，异质结电池100结构是其中的佼佼者。
HIT电池一般是以N型硅片为衬底，典型结构为在正面依次为透明导电氧化物膜(简称TCO)、P型非晶硅薄膜，和本征富氢非晶硅薄膜；在电池背面依次为TCO透明导电氧化物膜，N型非晶硅薄膜和本征非晶硅膜。HIT电池在制造工艺流程上也较为简洁，在以上提到的电池结构中的薄膜都是通过沉积的方式形成，最后通过丝网印刷或者电镀工艺在电池两面制备金属电极，再经过低温固化工艺，完成HIT电池的制造。相比于传统的PERC电池生产工艺以及TOPCon电池工艺，HIT电池的工艺制程相对较短，只有四大环节，依次是清洗制绒、非晶硅沉积、TCO沉积、丝印固化。
1.清洗制绒。与常规P型或者N型电池制造工艺类似，HIT电池也是以清洗制绒为电池制造的第一步，这一步骤的主要目的是清除N型衬底表面的油污和金属杂质，去除机械损伤层，形成金字塔绒面，陷光并减少表面反射。
2.制备非晶硅薄膜。硅片在PECVD设备中制作钝化膜和PN结。HIT电池高效率的根源在于本征非晶硅薄膜优良的钝化效果。由于晶硅衬底表面存在大量的悬挂键，光照激发的少数载流子到达表面后容易被悬挂键俘获而复合，从而降低电池效率。此外，通过在硅片正面和背面沉积富氢的本征非晶硅薄膜，可以有效地将悬挂键氢化并降低表面缺陷，从而显著提 高少子寿命，增加开路电压，最终提高电池效率。虽然每一层膜的厚度只有4nm-10nm，每1nm-2nm实现的功能和制备工艺却大不相同，因此本征和掺杂非晶硅薄膜需要在多个腔体中完成，PECVD中需要导入多腔室沉积系统。
3.沉积金属氧化物导电层(TCO)。硅片沉积完非晶硅薄膜之后就进入SPUTTER(磁控溅射)或者RPD(离子反应镀膜)设备，沉积透明金属氧化物导电膜TCO。TCO纵向收集载流子并向电极传输。由于非晶硅层晶体呈无序结构，电子与空穴迁徙率较低，且横向导电性较差，不利于光生载流子的收集。因此需要在正面掺杂层上方沉积一层75nm-80nm厚的TCO，用于纵向收集载流子并向电极传输，TCO同时可以减少光学反射。
4.丝印固化。HIT电池生产的最后一步是丝印固化，制备金属电极并固化。考虑到HIT是低温工艺，不区分正银和背银，因此丝网印刷加低温固化的工艺相对比较简单，但是这一特性的缺点之一就是价格较高且消耗量较大，因此目前业内也有部分企业尝试使用镀铜工艺来制作电极。
相较于传统技术，本方案提出一种具有新的结构组成的异质结电池100。具体到一些实施例中，异质结电池100包括电池片10、丝印栅线20以及金属网30。
电池片10具有相对设置的正面和背面；丝印栅线20设置于电池片10的正面和背面上；金属网30与丝印栅线20连接并固设于电池片10上。
在一些实施例中，根据实际需要丝印栅线20设置为银浆或导电胶。如此能够提高丝印栅线20的可制备性。为便于描述技术方案，下面以丝印栅线20采用银浆加工作例进行说明。
综上，实施本实施例技术方案将具有如下有益效果：上述方案的异质结电池100进行加工时，首先根据电池图形在电池片10的正面和背面依次采用丝网印刷制作出丝印栅线20，而后将提前制备好的金属网30对准丝印栅线20后铺放到电池片10上，使金属网30与银浆结合，最后将电池片10 放入烘干设备中进行烘干固化处理，金属网30便可通过银浆与电池片10粘结固接为一体，重复上述步骤进行另一面的制备，从而制备得到异质结电池100成品。
如此一来，金属网30可当做主栅线31和副栅线32进行电流传输，丝印栅线20除采集电流以外，主要被用来粘结固定金属网30，可大大减少银浆的使用量，降低成本，同时透光率高，且耐侯性能佳，此外，金属网30的线径可以做大，导电性能优良，有助于提升电池片10效率。
在一些实施例中，丝印栅线20设置为银浆线，银浆线的宽度范围为1um～50um，高度范围为1um～20um。通过设置不同宽度和高度的银浆线，可以采用不同直径的金属网30，从而使异质结电池100获得不同的电池效率，提升异质结电池100的适用范围。
如在综合考虑可加工性、成本、电池效率等因素的前提下，可选银浆线的宽度范围为30um，高度为5um。
在一些实施例中，丝印栅线20与金属网30的结构保持一致，以使丝印栅线20与金属网30全接触贴合。如此金属网30与丝印栅线20的结合面积最大，有助于提高金属网30与电池片10的结合强度，提升异质结电池100的结构稳定性。例如，一些实施例中电池片10为矩形，金属网30为具有矩形网孔的矩形网格结构，相应的丝印栅线20也为与金属网30的尺寸、构造等均相同的矩形网格结构。可以理解的，金属网30的每一根金属丝均有对应的丝印栅线20与之接触并结合。
或者，在另一些实施例中，丝印栅线20在电池片10上的分布面积小于金属网30在电池片10上的分布面积，以使丝印栅线20与金属网30部分接触贴合。此时，在保证金属网30安装稳定性的前提下，可以允许金属网30的部分与丝印栅线20结合，从而有助于进一步减少银浆使用量，以达到降低成本目的。
可选地，金属网30采用铜网、铝网、合金网其中的任意一种。金属网 30易于获得，制造方便且使用成本低，能够提高异质结电池100的可制造性。需要说明的是，实际加工中金属网30可以不限于上述材质，具体根据实际需要进行选择即可。
在一些实施例中，金属网30包括多根第一金属线和多根第二金属线，多根第一金属线沿电池片10的第一方向间隔排布，多根第二金属线沿电池片10的第二方向间隔排布，第一金属线与第二金属线垂直相交；其中，第一金属线设为主栅线31，第二金属线设为副栅线32。金属网30的结构组成简单，第一金属线与第二金属线垂直相交方便加工成型；此外，同时布置多根第一金属线和第二金属线有助于提高电流流动效能，提升电池片10效率。
当然了，需要说明的是在其它实施例中金属网30也可以只包含一种金属线，且该金属线采用螺旋型、回型等规整或非规整结构布置；或者当包含第一金属线和第二金属线时，第一金属线和第二金属线采用螺旋型、回型等规整或非规整结构的相交或非相交结构布置。
在一些实施例中，主栅线31的线径大于或等于副栅线32的线径。例如，本实施例中主栅线31采用竖向垂直设置，副栅线32采用横向水平设置，且主栅线31的线径大于副栅线32的线径，此时主栅线31具有更高的强度，可对副栅线32起到支撑作用且保证整个金属网30结构更加稳固。
进一步地，主栅线31或者副栅线32具有连接线段33，连接线段33用在电池串两端与汇流条焊接使用，也可以伸出至电池片10的其中一个侧面或者两个相对侧面。在对多个异质结电池100组装时，伸出的连接线段33方便相邻的异质结电池100进行焊接或粘接固定为一体。
需要说明的是，当采用叠瓦方式连接时，相邻两个异质结电池100的相对侧可以没有伸出连接线段33，而直接采用部分上下叠摞后粘接固定的方式组装。
综上之外，本申请还提供一种光伏组件电池串200，其包括至少两个如 上任一实施例的异质结电池100，至少两个异质结电池100采用叠瓦方式或焊带方式连接成串。
此外，本申请还提供一种加工如上的光伏组件电池串200的制造方法，其包括如下步骤：
S100：提供电池片10，按照电池图形在电池片10上丝印加工出丝印栅线20。
S200：将金属网30对准丝印栅线20后铺放至电池片10上。
S300：对电池片10进行烘干固化以形成异质结电池100。
S400：对异质结电池100进行测试分档。
S500：对分档后的至少两个异质结电池100进行串焊加工以形成光伏组件电池串200。
S600：将至少两个光伏组件电池串200进行叠层。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准，说明书及附图可以用于解释权利要求的内容。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种异质结电池，其特征在于，包括：
    电池片，所述电池片具有相对设置的正面和背面；
    丝印栅线，所述丝印栅线设置为银浆，所述丝印栅线设置于所述电池片的正面和背面上；以及
    金属网，所述金属网与所述丝印栅线连接并固设于所述电池片上；所述金属网包括多根第一金属线和多根第二金属线，多根所述第一金属线沿所述电池片的第一方向间隔排布，多根所述第二金属线沿所述电池片的第二方向间隔排布，所述第一金属线与所述第二金属线垂直相交；其中，所述第一金属线设为主栅线，所述第二金属线设为副栅线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的异质结电池，其特征在于，所述丝印栅线设置为银浆线，所述银浆线的宽度范围为1um～50um，高度范围为1um～20um；所述银浆线的宽度范围为30um，高度为5um。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的异质结电池，其特征在于，所述丝印栅线与所述金属网的结构保持一致，以使所述丝印栅线与所述金属网全接触贴合。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的异质结电池，其特征在于，所述丝印栅线在所述电池片上的分布面积小于所述金属网在所述电池片上的分布面积，以使所述丝印栅线与所述金属网部分接触贴合。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的异质结电池，其特征在于，所述金属网采用铜网、铝网、合金网其中的任意一种。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的异质结电池，其特征在于，所述主栅线的线径大于或等于所述副栅线的线径。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的异质结电池，其特征在于，所述主栅线具有连接线段，所述连接线段伸出至所述电池片的其中一个侧面或者两个相对侧面。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的异质结电池，其特征在于，所述副栅线具有连接线段，所述连接线段伸出至所述电池片的其中一个侧面或者两个相对侧面。
  9. 一种光伏组件电池串，其特征在于，包括至少两个如上述权利要求1至8任一项所述的异质结电池，至少两个所述异质结电池采用叠瓦方式或焊带方式连接成串。
  10. 一种加工如上述权利要求9所述的光伏组件电池串的制造方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    提供电池片，按照电池图形在电池片上丝印加工出丝印栅线；
    将金属网对准丝印栅线后铺放至电池片上；
    对电池片进行烘干固化以形成异质结电池；
    对异质结电池进行测试分档；
    对分档后的至少两个异质结电池进行串焊加工以形成光伏组件电池串；
    将至少两个光伏组件电池串进行叠层。
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