WO2023155616A1 - 锂电池 - Google Patents

锂电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023155616A1
WO2023155616A1 PCT/CN2022/144018 CN2022144018W WO2023155616A1 WO 2023155616 A1 WO2023155616 A1 WO 2023155616A1 CN 2022144018 W CN2022144018 W CN 2022144018W WO 2023155616 A1 WO2023155616 A1 WO 2023155616A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lithium battery
thickness
electrode sheet
battery according
tab
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/144018
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邱欣斌
赵瑞瑞
祝媛
Original Assignee
惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司
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Application filed by 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 filed Critical 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司
Priority to CN202290000188.8U priority Critical patent/CN220672605U/zh
Publication of WO2023155616A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023155616A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/06—Electrodes for primary cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/583—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to current, e.g. fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, for example, to a lithium battery.
  • Lithium batteries in the current related art usually use a thicker negative electrode sheet, which will limit the reaction area of the lithium battery, resulting in a small output power of the lithium battery, which is difficult to meet the high power requirements of electronic equipment.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a lithium battery, which has a simple structure and can effectively increase the output power of the lithium battery.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a lithium battery, including a casing and a battery cell arranged inside the casing, the battery cell includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator, and the separator is arranged on the positive electrode sheet and the battery cell. Between the negative electrode sheets, tabs are respectively provided on the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and the thickness of the negative electrode sheet is 20 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the negative electrode sheet is 15 ⁇ m-20 ⁇ m or 100 ⁇ m-150 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the negative electrode sheet is 15 ⁇ m ⁇ 19 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the negative electrode sheet is 20 ⁇ m ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the negative electrode sheet is 50 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the membrane is less than 20 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the membrane is less than 25 ⁇ m.
  • the diaphragm includes a base film and a coating, the coating is disposed on at least one side of the base film, and the thickness of the base film is 9 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m.
  • the separator includes a base film and a coating, the coating is disposed on at least one side of the base film, and the thickness of the base film is 9 ⁇ m ⁇ 25 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the coating is less than 6 ⁇ m.
  • the casing is provided with an opening, and the ends of the tabs away from the positive and negative sheets extend through the opening to the outside of the casing, and the tabs include A first section outside the casing and a second section inside the casing, the local thickness of the first section is smaller than the thickness of the second section.
  • the tab is further covered with tab glue, and the tab glue seals the gap between the tab and the opening.
  • the lug glue is used to connect the body of the tab and the shell through thermal fusion.
  • the thickness of the portion of the first section not provided with the tab glue is smaller than the thickness of the second section.
  • the battery cell is a wound battery cell or a laminated battery cell or a carbon-wrapped battery cell.
  • the material of the negative electrode sheet is lithium metal.
  • the tabs include positive tabs and negative tabs, and the tabs meet at least one of the following conditions:
  • the positive tab is made of one of the following materials: aluminum, stainless steel, and nickel transferred from aluminum;
  • the negative tab is made of one of the following materials: nickel, copper, and nickel-plated copper.
  • the housing is a metal shell or a plastic shell or a polymer material shell.
  • the lithium battery is square or cylindrical.
  • the beneficial effect of the embodiment of the present application is: the thickness of the negative plate of the lithium battery is designed to be thinner, which can accelerate the reaction rate between the lithium battery and the electrolyte, thereby increasing the energy density and output power of the lithium battery to meet the high output power of electronic equipment demand.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the positive electrode sheet of the embodiment of the present application when it is not wound.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the negative electrode sheet of the embodiment of the present application when it is not wound.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the diaphragm according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • a first feature being "on” or “under” a second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, and may also include the first and second features Not in direct contact but through another characteristic contact between them.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “beneath” and “under” the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • This embodiment provides a lithium battery, which is applied to electronic equipment with high power and high current.
  • a lithium battery includes a casing 1 and a cell 2 disposed inside the casing 1.
  • the cell 2 includes a positive electrode sheet 21, a negative electrode sheet 22 and a separator 23, and the separator 23 is arranged on the positive electrode sheet 21 and the negative electrode sheet 22. In between, it is set to insulate and isolate the positive electrode sheet 21 and the negative electrode sheet 22.
  • both the positive electrode sheet 21 and the negative electrode sheet 22 are provided with tabs 3
  • the casing 1 is a hard casing
  • the thickness of the negative electrode sheet 22 is 20 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the negative electrode sheet 22 can also be 15 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the negative electrode sheet 22 is 15 ⁇ m, 16 ⁇ m, 17 ⁇ m, 18 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 21 ⁇ m, 22 ⁇ m, 23 ⁇ m, 24 ⁇ m, 25 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 75 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m, 110 ⁇ m, 120 ⁇ m, 130 ⁇ m, 140 ⁇ m or 150 ⁇ m.
  • the shell 1 is a hard shell that can form a hard-packed lithium battery, and the thickness of the negative electrode sheet 22 of the hard-packed lithium battery is designed to be thinner, which can speed up the reaction rate between the lithium battery and the electrolyte, thereby increasing the energy density of the lithium battery. And output power, to meet the needs of large output power of electronic equipment, such as consumer batteries with high current and high output power.
  • the thickness of the positive electrode sheet 21 is not specifically limited.
  • the material of the negative electrode is lithium metal.
  • the housing 1 is sealed and filled with an electrolyte (not shown in the figure), and the electrolyte plays a role in conducting electrons in the negative electrode sheet 22 and the positive electrode sheet 21, improving the cycle performance and energy density of the lithium battery.
  • the electrolyte may be a liquid electrolyte or a solid electrolyte.
  • the casing 1 is provided with an opening (not shown in the figure), and the tab 3 is away from the positive electrode sheet 21 and the negative electrode sheet 22 and extends to the outside of the casing 1 through the opening.
  • Section 31 and the second section 32 located inside the housing 1 the partial thickness of the first section 31 is smaller than the thickness of the second section 32, and the part of the first section 31 of the tab 3 is thinned.
  • the resistance value of the thinned part is larger than that of other parts, which generates more heat, which can make the tab 3 fuse quickly and terminate the short circuit of the lithium battery, effectively reducing the time of short circuit, thereby reducing the lithium battery
  • the peak temperature can reduce the risk of thermal runaway, thereby improving the safety performance of lithium batteries.
  • the tab 3 includes a positive tab and a negative tab, the positive tab is connected to the positive tab 21, the negative tab is connected to the negative tab 22, the positive tab is made of aluminum or stainless steel or aluminum transfer nickel, the negative tab is The lugs are made of nickel or copper or nickel-plated copper.
  • the tab 3 made of the above materials has low resistance and good electrical conductivity.
  • the tab 3 is also covered with a tab glue 4 , the tab 3 extends to the outside of the housing 1 through the opening, and the tab glue 4 seals the tab 3 and the housing 1
  • the gap between the openings on the top, that is, the tab glue 4 is partially located inside the housing 1 and partially located outside the housing 1 .
  • This design can seal the casing 1 when the tab 3 is connected to the positive electrode sheet 21 and/or the negative electrode sheet 22, so as to improve the sealing performance of the lithium battery.
  • the tab glue 4 is made of a polymer insulating material, which can prevent a short circuit between the tab 3 and the conductive casing 1 when the lithium battery is packaged.
  • the tab glue 4 is connected to the tab 3 and the casing 1 by thermal melting, that is, the tab glue 4 is melted by heating, and the tab glue 4 and the casing 1 are thermally fused Seal and bond together to seal the gap between the tab 3 and the opening to prevent the lithium battery from leaking.
  • the part of the first section 31 of the tab 3 that is not provided with the tab glue 4 is thinned as a whole, so that the thickness of the part of the first section 31 of the tab 3 that is not provided with the tab glue 4 is smaller than that of the first section 31 of the tab 3 .
  • the thickness of the second section 32 In other embodiments, the part of the first section 31 of the tab 3 that is not provided with the tab glue 4 can also be partially thinned, so that when a short circuit occurs, the tab 3 can meet the requirements of fast melting and at the same time reduce the number of tabs. 3 loss.
  • the thickness of the diaphragm 23 is less than 20 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the diaphragm 23 is 10 ⁇ m, 10.5 ⁇ m, 11 ⁇ m, 11.5 ⁇ m, 12 ⁇ m, 12.5 ⁇ m, 13 ⁇ m, 13.5 ⁇ m, 14 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m and so on.
  • the thickness of the diaphragm 23 is less than 25 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the diaphragm 23 is 10 ⁇ m, 10.5 ⁇ m, 11 ⁇ m, 11.5 ⁇ m, 12 ⁇ m, 12.5 ⁇ m, 13 ⁇ m, 13.5 ⁇ m, 14 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 16.5 ⁇ m, 17 ⁇ m, 24.5 ⁇ m and so on.
  • Diaphragm 23 adopts an ultra-thin diaphragm.
  • the ultra-thin diaphragm has the advantages of high strength and small difference in transverse/longitudinal parameters. It can greatly increase the volume specific energy of the lithium battery under the premise of ensuring the electrical performance and safety performance of the lithium battery, thereby Improve the service life of lithium batteries.
  • the separator 23 includes a base film 231 and a coating 232 , the thickness of the base film 231 is 9-20 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the coating 232 is less than 6 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the base film 231 can be 10 ⁇ m, 11 ⁇ m, 12 ⁇ m, 13 ⁇ m, 14 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the thickness of the coating 232 can be 1 ⁇ m, 1.5 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 2.5 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 3.5 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the base film The total thickness of the coating 231 and the coating 232 is less than 20 ⁇ m, so as to ensure that the thickness of the diaphragm 23 is less than 20 ⁇ m.
  • the separator 23 includes a base film 231 and a coating 232 , the base film 231 has a thickness of 9 ⁇ 25 ⁇ m, and the coating 232 has a thickness of less than 6 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the base film 231 may be 10 ⁇ m, 11 ⁇ m, 12 ⁇ m, 13 ⁇ m, 14 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 16 ⁇ m, 17 ⁇ m, 18 ⁇ m, 19 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 21 ⁇ m, 22 ⁇ m, 23 ⁇ m, 24 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the thickness of coating 232 is preferably 1 ⁇ m, 1.5 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 2.5 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 3.5 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, etc., and the total thickness of base film 231 and coating 232 is less than 25 ⁇ m, so as to ensure that the thickness of diaphragm 23 is less than 25 ⁇ m.
  • the base film 231 is made of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile and other materials; the coating 232 is an organic coating or an inorganic coating.
  • the positive electrode sheet 21 , the separator 23 and the negative electrode sheet 22 are stacked and wound in sequence to form a wound cell.
  • the battery cell 2 can be designed as a laminated battery cell or a carbon-wrapped battery cell, and the positive electrode sheet 21 of the carbon-wrapped battery cell adopts a carbon-wrapped structure, and the structure of the battery cell 2 is not specifically limited here.
  • the housing 1 may be a metal shell, a plastic shell, or a polymer material shell.
  • the casing 1 is made of aluminum-plastic film.
  • Aluminum-plastic film has the advantages of extremely high barrier properties, good electrical properties, resistance to electrolyte and strong acid corrosion, ductility, flexibility and high mechanical strength, which is conducive to improving the performance of lithium batteries.
  • the lithium battery is designed in a cylindrical structure.
  • the lithium battery can also be designed in a square or special-shaped structure to meet the diverse designs of the electronic equipment, and the structure of the lithium battery is not specifically limited here.
  • An assembly method of the lithium battery of this embodiment is as follows: first, the positive electrode sheet 21, the diaphragm 23, and the negative electrode sheet 22 are wound to form the battery cell 2, and the battery cell 2 is installed in the groove of the casing 1, and then the After the casing 1 is sequentially subjected to side sealing, liquid injection, and top sealing operations, the lithium battery is formed.

Abstract

本申请公开一种锂电池，包括壳体和设置在壳体内部的电芯，电芯包括正极片、负极片和隔膜，隔膜设置在正极片和负极片之间，正极片和负极片上分别设置有极耳，负极片的厚度为20μm～100μm。本申请的锂电池的负极片的厚度采用更薄设计，能够加快锂电池与电解质的反应速率，从而提高锂电池的能量密度和输出功率，以满足电子设备的大输出功率的需求。

Description

锂电池
本申请要求在2022年2月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为202220342438.8的中国专利申请，以及在2022年3月8日提交中国专利局、申请号为202220489446.5的中国专利申请的优先权，以上申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，例如涉及一种锂电池。
背景技术
随着锂电池在电子产品的大量使用，其型号、规格和使用功能也在不断地多样化。
目前相关技术中的锂电池通常采用厚度较大的负极片，厚度较大的负极片会限制锂电池的反应面积，导致锂电池的输出功率小，难以满足电子设备的大功率需求。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种锂电池，其结构简单，能够有效地提高锂电池的输出功率。
本申请实施例提供了一种锂电池，包括壳体和设置在所述壳体内部的电芯，所述电芯包括正极片、负极片和隔膜，所述隔膜设置在所述正极片和所述负极片之间，所述正极片和所述负极片上分别设置有极耳，所述负极片的厚度为20μm～100μm。
在一实施例中，所述负极片的厚度还为15μm～20μm或100μm-150μm。
在一实施例中，所述负极片的厚度为15μm～19μm。
在一实施例中，所述负极片的厚度为20μm～50μm。
在一实施例中，所述负极片的厚度为50μm～100μm。
在一实施例中，所述隔膜的厚度小于20μm。
在一实施例中，所述隔膜的厚度小于25μm。
在一实施例中，所述隔膜包括基膜和涂层，所述涂层设置在所述基膜的至少一侧面，所述基膜的厚度为9μm～20μm。
在一实施例中，所述隔膜包括基膜和涂层，所述涂层设置在所述基膜的至少一侧面，所述基膜的厚度为9μm～25μm。
在一实施例中，所述涂层的厚度小于6μm。
在一实施例中，所述壳体设置有开口，所述极耳远离所述正极片和所述负极片的一端穿过所述开口延伸至所述壳体外部，所述极耳包括位于所述壳体外部的第一段和位于所述壳体内部的第二段，所述第一段的局部厚度小于所述第二段的厚度。
在一实施例中，所述极耳还套设有极耳胶，所述极耳胶密封所述极耳与所述开口的间隙。
在一实施例中，所述极耳胶通过热熔连接所述极耳的本体与所述壳体。
在一实施例中，所述第一段未设置有所述极耳胶的部分的厚度小于所述第二段的厚度。
在一实施例中，所述电芯为卷绕式电芯或叠片式电芯或碳包式电芯。
在一实施例中，所述负极片的材质为锂金属。
在一实施例中，所述极耳包括正极极耳和负极极耳，所述极耳满足以下至少之一的条件：
所述正极极耳采用以下之一的材料制成：铝，不锈钢，铝转接镍；
所述负极极耳采用以下之一的材料制成：镍，铜，铜镀镍。
在一实施例中，所述壳体为金属壳或塑料壳或聚合物材料壳。
在一实施例中，所述锂电池为方形或圆柱形。本申请实施例的有益效果为：锂电池的负极片的厚度采用更薄设计，能够加快锂电池与电解质的反应速率，从而提高锂电池的能量密度和输出功率，以满足电子设备的大输出功率的需求。
附图说明
下面根据附图和实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
图1为本申请实施例的所述锂电池的剖视图。
图2为本申请实施例的所述电芯的剖视图。
图3为本申请实施例的所述正极片未卷绕时的结构示意图。
图4为本申请实施例的所述负极片未卷绕时的结构示意图。
图5为本申请实施例的所述隔膜的结构示意图。
图中：
1、壳体；2、电芯；21、正极片；22、负极片；23、隔膜；231、基膜；232、涂层；3、极耳；31、第一段；32、第二段；4、极耳胶。
具体实施方式
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
本实施例提供一种锂电池，应用于大功率、大电流的电子设备。
参照图1所示，锂电池包括壳体1和设置在壳体1内部的电芯2，电芯2包括正极片21、负极片22和隔膜23，隔膜23设置在正极片21和负极片22之间，设置为绝缘隔离正极片21和负极片22。其中，正极片21和负极片22上均设置有极耳3，壳体1为硬壳体，负极片22的厚度为20μm～100μm。负极片22的厚度还可以为15μm～150μm，示例性的，负极片22的厚度为15μm、16μm、17μm、18μm、20μm、21μm、22μm、23μm、24μm、25μm、30μm、50μm、75μm、100μm、110μm、120μm、130μm、140μm或150μm。可理解的，壳体1为硬壳体能够形成硬包锂电池，硬包锂电池的负极片22的厚度采用更薄设计，能够加快锂电池与电解质的反应速率，从而提高锂电池的能量密度和输出功率，满足电子设备的大输出功率的需求，例如高电流、大输出功率的消费类电池。
示例性地，正极片21的厚度不作出具体限定。
示例性的，负极片的材质为锂金属。
示例性地，壳体1内还密封填充有电解质(图中未示出)，电解液在负极片22和正极片21中起到传导电子的作用，改善锂电池的循环性能和能量密度。
示例性地，电解质可采用液态电解质或固态电解质。
示例的，壳体1设置有开口(图中未示出)，极耳3远离正极片21和负极片22穿过开口延伸至壳体1外部，极耳3包括位于壳体1外部的第一段31和位于壳体1内部的第二段32，第一段31的局部厚度小于第二段32的厚度，极耳3的第一段31的局部采用变薄处理，当锂电池发生短路时，变薄处理部分的电阻值比其他部分的电阻值更大，产生的热量更多，能够使极耳3快速发生熔断而使锂电池终止短路，有效地减少了短路的时间，从而降低锂电池的峰值温度，降低热失控的风险，进而提高锂电池的安全性能。
示例性地，极耳3包括正极极耳和负极极耳，正极极耳与正极片21连接，负极极耳与负极片22连接，正极极耳采用铝或不锈钢或铝转接镍制成，负极极耳采用镍或铜或铜镀镍制成。采用上述材质制成的极耳3电阻值低，具有良好的导电性。
示例的，参照图2至图4所示，极耳3还套设有极耳胶4，极耳3穿过开口延伸至壳体1的外部，极耳胶4密封极耳3与壳体1上的开口之间的缝隙，即极耳胶4部分位于壳体1内部，部分位于壳体1外部。此设计能够在极耳3与正极片21和/或负极片22连接时，对壳体1进行密封，以提高锂电池的密封性。
示例性地，极耳胶4采用高分子绝缘材料制成，在锂电池进行封装时，能够防止极耳3与可导电的壳体1之间发生短路。
示例性地，在锂电池进行封装时，极耳胶4通过热熔的方式连接极耳3与壳体1，即通过加热方式将极耳胶4熔化，极耳胶4与壳体1热熔密封粘合在一起，以密封极耳3与开口之间的缝隙，防止锂电池发生漏液。
示例性地，极耳3的第一段31未设置有极耳胶4的部分采用整体变薄处理，以使极耳3的第一段31未设置有极耳胶4的部分的厚度小于第二段32的厚度。在其他实施例中，也可对极耳3的第一段31未设置有极耳胶4的部分作局部变薄处理，在发生短路时极耳3能够满足快速发生熔断的同时，减少极耳3的损耗。
示例的，隔膜23的厚度小于20μm。示例性地，隔膜23的厚度为10μm、10.5μm、11μm、11.5μm、12μm、12.5μm、13μm、13.5μm、14μm、15μm等。示例的，隔膜23的厚度小于25μm。示例性地，隔膜23的厚度为10μm、10.5μm、11μm、11.5μm、12μm、12.5μm、13μm、13.5μm、14μm、15μm、16.5μm、17μm、24.5μm等。隔膜23采用超薄隔膜，超薄隔膜具有强度高，横/纵向参数差异小的优点，能够在保证锂电池的电性能和安全性能的前提下，大幅度地提高锂电池的体积比能量，从而提高锂电池的使用寿命。
示例性地，参照图5所示，隔膜23包括基膜231和涂层232，基膜231的厚度为9～20μm，涂层232的厚度小于6μm。
其中，基膜231的厚度可以为10μm、11μm、12μm、13μm、14μm、15μm等，涂层232的厚度可以为1μm、1.5μm、2μm、2.5μm、3μm、3.5μm、4μm等，且基膜231和涂层232的总厚度小于20μm，以保证隔膜23的厚度小于20μm。
示例性地，参照图5所示，隔膜23包括基膜231和涂层232，基膜231的厚度为9～25μm，涂层232的厚度小于6μm。
其中，基膜231的厚度可以为10μm、11μm、12μm、13μm、14μm、15μm、16μm、17μm、18μm、19μm、20μm、21μm、22μm、23μm、24μm等。涂层232的厚度优选为1μm、1.5μm、2μm、2.5μm、3μm、3.5μm、4μm等，且基膜231和涂层232的总厚度小于25μm，以保证隔膜23的厚度小于25μm。
示例性地，基膜231采用聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯腈等材料制成；涂层232为有机涂层或无机涂层。
示例的，正极片21、隔膜23和负极片22依次叠加卷绕形成卷绕式电芯。在其他实施例中，电芯2可设计成为叠片式电芯或碳包式电芯，碳包式电芯的正极片21采用碳包结构，在此不具体限定电芯2的结构。
示例的，壳体1可采用金属壳、塑料壳或聚合物材料壳等。在本实施例中，壳体1采用铝塑膜制成。铝塑膜具有极高的阻隔性、电性能好、耐电解质及强酸腐蚀、延展性、柔韧性和机械强度高等优点，有利于提高锂电池的性能。
示例的，锂电池设计成圆柱形结构。在其他实施例中，可根据电子设备的实际设计需求，锂电池还可设计成方形或异形等结构，以满足电子设备的多样性设计，在此不对锂电池的结构做出具体限定。
本实施例的锂电池的一种组装方法为：先将正极片21、隔膜23、负极片22通过卷绕方式形成电芯2，将电芯2安装至壳体1的凹槽内，然后对壳体1依次进行侧封、注液、顶封操作后，锂电池成型。
于本文的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化操作，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种锂电池，包括壳体和设置在所述壳体内部的电芯，所述电芯包括正极片、负极片和隔膜，所述隔膜设置在所述正极片和所述负极片之间，所述正极片和所述负极片上分别设置有极耳，所述负极片的厚度为20μm～100μm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述锂电池，其中，所述负极片的厚度还为15μm～20μm或100μm-150μm。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述锂电池，其中，所述负极片的厚度为15μm～19μm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述锂电池，其中，所述负极片的厚度为20μm～50μm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述锂电池，其中，所述负极片的厚度为50μm～100μm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述锂电池，其中，所述隔膜的厚度小于20μm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述锂电池，其中，所述隔膜的厚度小于25μm。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述锂电池，其中，所述隔膜包括基膜和涂层，所述涂层设置在所述基膜的至少一侧面，所述基膜的厚度为9μm～20μm。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述锂电池，其中，所述隔膜包括基膜和涂层，所述涂层设置在所述基膜的至少一侧面，所述基膜的厚度为9μm～25μm。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述锂电池，其中，所述涂层的厚度小于6μm。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述锂电池，其中，所述壳体设置有开口，所述极耳远离所述正极片和所述负极片的一端穿过所述开口延伸至所述壳体外部，所述极耳包括位于所述壳体外部的第一段和位于所述壳体内部的第二段，所述第一段的局部厚度小于所述第二段的厚度。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述锂电池，其中，所述极耳还套设有极耳胶，所述极耳胶密封所述极耳与所述开口的间隙。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述锂电池，其中，所述极耳胶通过热熔连接所述极耳的本体与所述壳体。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述锂电池，其中，所述第一段未设置所述极耳胶的部分的厚度小于所述第二段未设置所述极耳胶的部分的厚度。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述锂电池，其中，所述电芯为卷绕式电芯、叠片式电芯或碳包式电芯。
  16. 根据权利要求1至15任一所述锂电池，其中，所述负极片的材质为锂金属。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述锂电池，其中，所述极耳包括正极极耳和负极极耳，所述极耳满足以下至少之一的条件：
    所述正极极耳采用以下之一的材料制成：铝，不锈钢，铝转接镍；
    所述负极极耳采用以下之一的材料制成：镍，铜，铜镀镍。
  18. 根据权利要求1至17任一所述锂电池，其中，所述壳体为金属壳、塑料壳或聚合物材料壳。
  19. 根据权利要求1至17任一所述锂电池，其中，所述锂电池呈方形或圆柱形。
PCT/CN2022/144018 2022-02-18 2022-12-30 锂电池 WO2023155616A1 (zh)

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