WO2023155147A1 - 电池、用电设备、制备电池的方法和设备 - Google Patents

电池、用电设备、制备电池的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023155147A1
WO2023155147A1 PCT/CN2022/076872 CN2022076872W WO2023155147A1 WO 2023155147 A1 WO2023155147 A1 WO 2023155147A1 CN 2022076872 W CN2022076872 W CN 2022076872W WO 2023155147 A1 WO2023155147 A1 WO 2023155147A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fire
battery
limiting part
fighting
fixing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/076872
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄小腾
徐晨怡
胡浪超
马俊翔
杨海奇
刘俊
王鹏
孙占宇
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP22920979.6A priority Critical patent/EP4270576A4/en
Priority to CN202280021368.9A priority patent/CN117044000A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/076872 priority patent/WO2023155147A1/zh
Priority to US18/355,702 priority patent/US11973243B2/en
Publication of WO2023155147A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023155147A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery, an electrical device, a method and a device for preparing a battery.
  • Energy saving and emission reduction is the key to the sustainable development of the automobile industry.
  • electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their advantages in energy saving and environmental protection.
  • battery technology is an important factor related to its development.
  • the present application provides a battery, an electrical device, a method and a device for preparing the battery, which can improve the safety of the battery.
  • a battery in a first aspect, includes: a battery cell, a first wall of the battery cell is provided with a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism is used to reduce the internal pressure of the battery cell. or when the temperature reaches a threshold, it is activated to release the internal pressure; the fire-fighting pipeline is used to accommodate the fire-fighting medium, and the fire-fighting pipeline is used to discharge the fire-fighting medium when the pressure relief mechanism is activated; the first fixing member, Set on the side of the fire-fighting pipeline close to the first wall, the first fixing part is provided with a first limiting part and a second limiting part; the second fixing part is set on the side of the fire-fighting pipeline away from On one side of the first wall, the second fixing part is provided with a third limiting part and a fourth limiting part, and the third limiting part cooperates with the first limiting part so that the The fire-fighting pipeline is fixed between the first fixing part and the second fixing part, and the fourth limiting part cooperates with the second
  • the sliding of the second fixing part in the direction parallel to the fire pipe is restricted to limit the second fixing part.
  • the first limiting part and the third limiting part cooperate with each other, and when the fire-fighting pipeline is fixed between the first fixing part and the second fixing part, it is possible to avoid the sliding of the second fixing part in the direction parallel to the fire-fighting pipeline
  • the positions of the first fixing part and the second fixing part are staggered.
  • the third limiting portion includes a buckle extending along the first direction
  • the fourth limiting portion is an opening provided in the buckle
  • the first limiting portion It is a card slot matching the buckle
  • the second limiting part is a stopper matching the opening, and when the buckle is snapped into the card slot, the stopper is placed in the opening inside to limit the buckle to move in the first direction.
  • the stopper When the buckle is snapped into the slot, the stopper is placed in the opening of the buckle to restrict the movement of the buckle in the first direction, which is convenient for processing and assembly.
  • the length of the stopper in the second direction is greater than the thickness of the buckle in the second direction, and the second direction is parallel to the first wall and perpendicular to the first wall. one direction.
  • the length of the stopper in the second direction By setting the length of the stopper in the second direction to be greater than the thickness of the buckle in the second direction, it can be avoided that when the buckle snaps into the slot, due to the small length of the stopper in the second direction, the buckle avoids With the stopper open, the case slides in the first direction.
  • the stopper has a first plane perpendicular to the first direction, and the sidewall of the opening matches the first plane so that the stopper is placed in the opening .
  • the stopper is placed in the opening, and the movement of the buckle in the first direction is restricted, which facilitates processing and assembly.
  • the stopper is a cuboid stopper
  • the opening is a rectangular opening matching the cuboid stopper
  • the stopper is set as a cuboid stopper, and the opening is a rectangular opening, which has a simple structure and is convenient for processing and assembling.
  • the stopper is arranged at one end of the slot in the first direction, and/or, the slot has two sections in the first direction, and the stopper is set In the middle of the two-stage card slot.
  • the stopper By setting the stopper at one end of the card slot, and/or, setting the stopper in the middle of the two sections of the card slot, when the buckle is inserted into the slot, the stopper is placed in the opening of the buckle, so that the card can be restricted Snap the slide in the first direction.
  • the third limiting portion includes a first buckle and a second buckle, the first buckle and the second buckle are spaced apart along the second direction, the first buckle
  • the limiting part includes a first locking slot and a second locking slot, the first locking slot and the second locking slot are spaced apart along the second direction, and are connected to the first locking hook and the second locking slot respectively. Snap fit.
  • the fire pipe can be fixed between the first limiting part and the third limiting part through the matching of the first card slot with the first buckle and the matching of the second card slot with the second buckle, so as to prevent the battery from being damaged during use.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline deviates from the pressure relief mechanism in a direction perpendicular to the first wall, thereby ensuring the relative position of the pressure relief mechanism and the fire-fighting pipeline, and ensuring that the pressure-relieving mechanism can accurately and timely destroy the fire-fighting pipeline when activated, so as to achieve the effect of cooling.
  • the stoppers corresponding to the first slot and the stoppers corresponding to the second slot are distributed axisymmetrically with the first direction as an axis.
  • the openings of the first buckle and the second buckle have matching stops to limit the opening of the first buckle.
  • the sliding of the buckle in the first slot and the limitation of the sliding of the second buckle in the second slot more effectively restrict the sliding of the second fixing member in the first direction.
  • the stoppers corresponding to the first slot and the stoppers corresponding to the second slot are symmetrically distributed about the center.
  • the number of the stoppers corresponding to the first card slot is different from the number of the stoppers corresponding to the second card slot.
  • the first fixing member is fixed on a surface of the first wall of the battery cell that is away from the interior of the battery cell.
  • the fire-fighting pipe when the fire-fighting pipe is fixed between the first fixing part and the second fixing part, the fire-fighting pipe is close to the pressure relief mechanism fixed on the first wall of the battery cell, ensuring that the pressure relief mechanism can be accurately and timely destroyed when it is actuated.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline is used to cool down the discharge discharged through the pressure relief mechanism in time to improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • the first fixing member is fixed on a surface of a beam of a box for accommodating the battery cells close to the fire-fighting pipe.
  • the fire-fighting pipe when the fire-fighting pipe is fixed between the first fixing part and the second fixing part, the fire-fighting pipe is close to the pressure relief mechanism fixed on the first wall of the battery cell, ensuring that the pressure relief mechanism can be accurately and timely destroyed when it is actuated.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline is used to cool down the discharge discharged through the pressure relief mechanism in time to improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • the first fixing part is provided with a fixing part, and the fixing part is used for fixing the first fixing part on the beam.
  • the first fixing part is fixed on the beam through the fixing part, so as to avoid shaking of the first fixing part in the box due to loose installation.
  • the battery includes a plurality of battery cells arranged in the first direction, a plurality of the first fixing members arranged in the first direction, and at least one of the second fixing members. pieces.
  • a plurality of first fixing members are arranged to fix the fire-fighting pipeline, so that the fire-fighting pipeline is more stable.
  • one said second fixing part corresponds to a plurality of said first fixing parts. In this way, the quantity of the second fixing part can be reduced, thereby improving the processing and assembly efficiency of the second fixing part.
  • an electrical device comprising: the battery according to the first aspect or any one of the embodiments in the first aspect, where the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • a method for preparing a battery comprising: providing a battery cell, the first wall of the battery cell is provided with a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism is used to actuating to relieve said internal pressure when pressure or temperature reaches a threshold; providing a firefighting conduit for containing a firefighting medium, said firefighting conduit for discharging said firefighting medium when said pressure relief mechanism is actuated ;
  • a first fixing part is provided, the first fixing part is arranged on a side of the fire-fighting pipeline close to the first wall, and the first fixing part is provided with a first limiting part and a second limiting part;
  • a second fixing part is provided, the second fixing part is arranged on the side of the fire-fighting pipeline away from the first wall, the second fixing part is provided with a third limiting part and a fourth limiting part, so The third limiting part cooperates with the first limiting part to fix the fire pipe between the first fixing part and the second fixing part, and the fourth limiting part and the The third limiting part cooperate
  • a device for preparing a battery including a module for performing the method of the third aspect above.
  • the sliding of the second fixing part in the direction parallel to the fire pipe is restricted to limit the second fixing part.
  • the first limiting part and the third limiting part cooperate with each other to fix the fire-fighting pipe between the first fixing part and the second fixing part, it is possible to avoid the sliding of the second fixing part in the direction parallel to the fire-fighting pipe.
  • the positions of the first fixing part and the second fixing part are staggered.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vehicle disclosed in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial exploded structure of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a part of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a first fixing member and a second fixing member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a first fixing member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of another first fixing member and a second fixing member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of another first fixing member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another first fixing member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of another battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of another first fixing member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic block diagram of a device for preparing a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the same reference numerals represent the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width and other dimensions of the various components in the embodiments of the application shown in the drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length and width of the integrated device, are for illustrative purposes only, and should not constitute any limitation to the application .
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer. Fluid, the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film may be polypropylene (polypropylene, PP) or polyethylene (polyethylene, PE).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the protection measures include at least one or more of switching elements, selecting appropriate isolation membrane materials and pressure relief mechanisms.
  • the switching element refers to an element that can stop charging or discharging the battery when the temperature or resistance inside the battery cell reaches a certain threshold.
  • the separator is used to isolate the positive electrode and the negative electrode. When the temperature rises to a certain value, it can automatically dissolve the micron-scale (or even nano-scale) micropores attached to it, so that metal ions cannot pass through the separator and terminate the battery.
  • the internal reaction of the monomer refers to an element or part that is activated to release the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the pressure relief mechanism on the battery cell has an important impact on the safety of the battery. For example, when a short circuit, overcharge, etc. occur, it may cause thermal runaway inside the battery cell, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure or temperature. In this case, the internal pressure and temperature can be released to the outside through the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism, so as to prevent the battery cells from exploding and igniting.
  • the design of the pressure relief mechanism is mainly concerned with releasing the high pressure and high heat inside the battery cell, ie, expelling the discharge to the outside of the battery cell.
  • High-temperature and high-pressure discharges are discharged toward the direction in which the battery cell is provided with the pressure relief mechanism, and more specifically toward the area where the pressure relief mechanism is actuated. Such discharges may be very powerful and destructive, and may even Enough to breach one or more structures in that direction, causing further safety concerns.
  • a fire-fighting pipeline can be provided at the corresponding position of the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism When the pressure relief mechanism is activated, the discharge discharged from the battery cell passes through and destroys the fire-fighting pipeline, so that the fire-fighting pipeline in the fire-fighting pipeline
  • the fire-fighting medium is discharged from the place where the fire-fighting pipeline is damaged, and the discharge discharged from the pressure relief mechanism is cooled to reduce the danger of the discharge, thereby enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • the position of the fire-fighting pipeline should correspond to the position of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the battery may vibrate, so how to install and fix the fire-fighting pipeline in the battery box is an extremely important issue.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, including a plurality of battery cells and fire-fighting pipes, a pressure relief mechanism is provided on the first wall of the battery cells, and the battery also includes a first fixing member and a second fixing member, wherein, the first fixing part is arranged on the side of the fire-fighting pipe close to the first wall, and the second fixing part is arranged on the side of the fire-fighting pipe away from the first wall, and the first fixing part is provided with a first limiting part and a second Two limiting parts, the second fixing part is provided with a third limiting part and a fourth limiting part.
  • the third limiting part cooperates with the first limiting part to fix the fire pipe between the first fixing part and the second fixing part
  • the fourth limiting part cooperates with the second limiting part so as to
  • the second fixing part is limited in the direction of the extension direction of the fire-fighting pipeline. That is to say, through the cooperation of the second limiting part and the fourth limiting part, the second fixing part is limited.
  • the first limiting part cooperates with the third limiting part to fix the fire pipe at the second between the first fixing part and the second fixing part, it can avoid that the positions of the first fixing part and the second fixing part are staggered due to the sliding of the second fixing part in the direction parallel to the fire pipe.
  • the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present application are applicable to various electric devices using batteries.
  • the electric device may be a vehicle, a mobile phone, a portable device, a notebook computer, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, an electric tool, and the like.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles; spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.; electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.; electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not impose special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or Extended range cars, etc.
  • a motor 40 , a controller 30 and a battery 10 can be arranged inside the vehicle 1 , and the controller 30 is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 40 .
  • the battery 10 may be provided at the bottom or front or rear of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 , for a circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, for starting, navigating and running power requirements of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery may include multiple battery cells, wherein the multiple battery cells may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel, and the hybrid connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connections. Batteries can also be called battery packs.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules can be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery. That is to say, multiple battery cells can directly form a battery, or form a battery module first, and then form a battery from the battery module.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 20 arranged in an array.
  • the battery 10 may also include a box body 11, the inside of which is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 20 are accommodated in the box body 11, and the shape of the box body 11 may be determined according to the plurality of battery cells 20 accommodated.
  • the box may be a cuboid with six walls.
  • Fig. 2 shows a possible implementation of the box body 11 of the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig.
  • the box body 11 may include two parts, referred to here as the first part 111 and the second part 112 respectively, the first part 111 and the second part 112 are fastened together.
  • the shapes of the first part 111 and the second part 112 can be determined according to the combined shape of the battery cells 20 , and at least one of the first part 111 and the second part 112 has an opening.
  • both the first part 111 and the second part 112 can be hollow cuboids and only one face is an opening face, the opening of the first part 111 and the opening of the second part 112 are arranged oppositely, and the first part 111 and the opening of the second part 112 are arranged oppositely.
  • the second parts 112 are interlocked to form the box body 11 with a closed chamber.
  • first part 111 and the second part 112 may be a hollow cuboid with an opening, while the other may be a plate to cover the opening.
  • the second part 112 is a hollow cuboid with only one face as an open face
  • the first part 111 is a plate-shaped example, so the first part 111 is covered at the opening of the second part 112 to form a box with a closed chamber 11.
  • the chamber can be used to accommodate a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 are combined in parallel, in series or in parallel and placed in the box 11 formed by fastening the first part 111 and the second part 112 .
  • the battery 10 may also include other structures, which will not be repeated here.
  • the battery 10 may also include a confluence part, which is used to realize electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells 20 , such as parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection.
  • the current-combining component can realize the electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 .
  • the bus member may be fixed to the electrode terminal of the battery cell 20 by welding. The electric energy of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be further drawn out through the box body 11 through the conductive mechanism.
  • the number of battery cells 20 in the battery 10 can be set to any value. Multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel to achieve greater capacity or power. Since the number of battery cells 20 included in each battery 10 may be large, the battery cells 20 may also be arranged in groups for ease of installation, and each group of battery cells 20 constitutes a battery module. The number of battery cells 20 included in the battery module is not limited and can be set according to requirements.
  • a battery may include a plurality of battery modules, which may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a partial exploded structure of the battery 10 according to the embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic top view of a part of the battery 10 corresponding to FIG. 3
  • the battery 10 of the embodiment of the present application includes: a battery cell 20 , a fire pipe 12 , a first fixing member 13 and a second fixing member 14 .
  • the first wall 21 of the battery cell 20 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 211 for actuating to release the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 12 is used to accommodate the fire-fighting medium, and the fire-fighting pipeline 12 is used to discharge the fire-fighting medium when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is actuated.
  • the first fixing part 13 is fixed on the side of the fire pipe 12 close to the first wall 21 of the battery cell 20.
  • the first fixing part 13 is provided with a first limiting part 131 and a second limiting part 132.
  • the second fixing part 14 is fixed on the side of the fire pipe 12 away from the first wall 21 of the battery cell 20, the second fixing part 14 is provided with a third limiting part 141 and a fourth limiting part 142, the third limiting part 141 and the first limiting part 141 A limiting part 131 cooperates with each other to fix the fire pipe 12 between the first fixing part 13 and the second fixing part 14, and the fourth limiting part 142 cooperates with the second limiting part 132 so as to Limiting the second fixing member 14 upward, the first direction is parallel to the extension direction of the fire-fighting pipe 12 , for example, the X direction as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the battery cell 20 in the embodiment of the present application can be a hollow polyhedron structure, and the first wall 21 can be any wall of the battery cell 20.
  • the present application mainly uses the first wall 21
  • the wall with the smallest area of the battery cell 20 is used as an example, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • a pressure relief mechanism 211 is provided on the first wall 21, and the pressure relief mechanism 211 can be activated when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold to release the internal pressure and reduce the internal temperature. Therefore,
  • the first wall 21 is generally not provided on a wall where two battery cells 20 are attached to each other. For example, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , two adjacent battery cells 20 can be attached to each other through the wall with the largest area, so the first wall 21 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 211 is not the wall with the largest area; On the contrary, if two adjacent battery cells 20 are attached through other walls, then the first wall 21 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 211 can be set as the wall with the largest area.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 in the embodiment of the present application is configured to activate when the internal temperature or pressure of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold, and the threshold can be set to different values according to different requirements of practical applications.
  • the threshold may depend on the materials of one or more of the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece, the electrolyte and the separator in the battery cell 20 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 can take the form of an explosion-proof valve, an air valve, a pressure relief valve, or a safety valve, and can specifically use a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 or When the temperature reaches a predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism 211 performs an action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism 211 is destroyed, thereby forming an opening or channel for internal pressure or temperature release.
  • the “activation” mentioned in this application means that the pressure relief mechanism 211 is activated or activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cells 20 can be released. Actions generated by the pressure relief mechanism 211 may include, but are not limited to: at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism 211 is ruptured, broken, torn, or opened, and the like. When the pressure relief mechanism 211 is actuated, the high-temperature and high-pressure material inside the battery cell 20 will be discharged from the actuated part as discharge. In this manner, the battery cells 20 can be depressurized under controllable pressure or temperature, thereby avoiding potential more serious accidents.
  • the emissions from battery cells 20 mentioned in this application include, but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative pole pieces, fragments of separator, high temperature and high pressure gas generated by reaction, flame, etc. .
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 12 in the embodiment of the present application is used to accommodate a fire-fighting medium, where the fire-fighting medium may be a fluid, and the fluid may be liquid or gas.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 12 can discharge the fire-fighting medium when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is actuated.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 12 can be arranged corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 211, so that when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is activated, the fire-fighting pipeline 12 can be destroyed, and the fire-fighting pipeline 12 inside it can be destroyed.
  • the outflow of the medium can cool down the exhaust discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 211 , so as to avoid thermal diffusion of the battery cells 20 in thermal runaway and improve the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 12 may not contain any substance, and when the pressure-releasing mechanism 211 is actuated, the fire-fighting pipeline 12 contains a fire-fighting medium.
  • the entry of the fire-fighting medium into the fire-fighting pipeline 12 is controlled by switching valves.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 12 may always contain a fire-fighting medium, and the fire-fighting medium may also be used to adjust the temperature of the battery cells 20 . Adjusting the temperature refers to heating or cooling the plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 12 is used to contain cooling fluid to reduce the temperature of multiple battery cells 20.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 12 can also be called a cooling component, a cooling system or a cooling pipeline.
  • the fire-fighting medium it contains can also be called cooling medium or cooling fluid, more specifically, it can be called cooling liquid or cooling gas.
  • the fire-fighting medium may be circulated to achieve a better effect of temperature regulation.
  • the fire-fighting medium may be water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air.
  • the case 11 of the battery 10 in the embodiment of the present application can also be used to accommodate other components.
  • the box body 11 may also be provided with a structure for fixing the battery cells 20 .
  • the box body 11 can also be used to accommodate a confluence component, and the confluence component can be used to realize the electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells 20 , such as parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection.
  • the bus component can realize the electrical connection between the battery cells by connecting the electrode terminals 212 of the battery cells 20 .
  • the bus member may be fixed to the electrode terminal 212 of the battery cell 20 by welding.
  • each battery cell 20 in the embodiment of the present application may include two electrode terminals 212 , and the two electrode terminals 212 may be disposed on any one or more walls of the battery cell 20 .
  • two electrode terminals 212 can be arranged on the same wall, or be arranged on two walls respectively; different walls.
  • two electrode terminals 212 are arranged on the first wall 21 as an example for illustration.
  • the first wall 21 is generally in the shape of a flat plate, and two electrode terminals 212 of the same battery cell 20 are fixed on the flat surface, and the two electrode terminals 212 are positive electrode terminals and negative electrode terminals respectively.
  • Each electrode terminal 212 is respectively provided with a connecting member, or also called a current collecting member, which is located between the first wall 21 and the electrode assembly inside the battery cell 20, and is used to realize the electrical connection between the electrode assembly and the electrode terminal 212. connect.
  • one or more electrode assemblies may be provided inside the battery cell 20, and each electrode assembly has two tabs with opposite polarities. For example, when the first of the two tabs is a positive tab, the second of the two tabs is a negative tab.
  • the first tab of one or more electrode assemblies is connected to an electrode terminal 212 through a connecting member, for example, connected to a positive electrode terminal; the second tab of one or more electrode assemblies is connected to another electrode through another connecting member.
  • the terminal is connected, for example, to the negative electrode terminal.
  • the first fixing part 13 of the embodiment of the present application is provided with a first limiting part 131 and a second limiting part 132
  • the second fixing part 14 is provided with a third limiting part 141 and a fourth limiting part 142.
  • a limiting portion 131 and the third limiting portion 141 can cooperate with each other, for example, the first limiting portion 131 and the third limiting portion 141 can be locked with each other by setting a slot structure and a buckle structure, so that the first The fixing part 13 and the second fixing part 14 are relatively fixed in the direction perpendicular to the first wall 21, and further, the fire-fighting pipeline 12 can also be fixed between the first fixing part 13 and the second fixing part 14, so as to Constrain and limit the movement of the fire-fighting pipe 12 in the direction perpendicular to the first wall 21, thereby fixing the fire-fighting pipe 12; the second limiting part 132 and the fourth limiting part 142 can cooperate with each other, for example, the second limiting part 132 and the fourth limiting portion 142 can be
  • the first limiting portion 131 , the second limiting portion 132 , the third limiting portion 141 and the fourth limiting portion 142 of the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the first limiting part 131 is a slot structure
  • the second limiting part 132 is a stopper structure
  • the third limiting part 141 is a buckle structure
  • the fourth limiting part 142 is an opening structure as an example for description.
  • the third limiting portion 141 is a buckle 1410 extending along the first direction X
  • the fourth limiting portion 142 is an opening 1420 disposed in the buckle 1410
  • the first limiting portion 131 The second stopper 132 is a stopper 1320 that matches the opening 1420.
  • the stopper 1320 is placed in the opening 1420 to limit the stopper 1320. The movement of the buckle 1410 in the first direction X is convenient for processing and assembly.
  • the length of the stopper 1320 in the second direction is greater than the thickness of the buckle 1410 in the second direction, and the second direction is parallel to the first wall 21 and perpendicular to the first direction X, for example, as shown in FIG. Y direction shown in 5.
  • the buckle 1410 avoids the stopper 1320 and slides in the first direction X because the length of the stopper 1320 in the second direction Y is small.
  • the stopper 1320 has a first plane perpendicular to the first direction X, and the sidewall of the opening 1420 matches the first plane, so that the stopper is placed in the opening 1420 .
  • the stopper 1320 is placed in the opening 1420 to restrict the movement of the buckle 1410 in the first direction X, which is convenient for processing and assembly.
  • the stopper 1320 is a cuboid stopper, and the opening 1420 is a rectangular opening matching the cuboid stopper. It should be understood that the stopper 1320 can also be set to have a first plane perpendicular to the first direction. Other shapes. Correspondingly, the opening 1420 can be set as other shapes matching the stopper 1320 , which is not limited in this application.
  • the block 1320 is set as a cuboid block, and the opening 1420 is a rectangular opening, which has a simple structure and is convenient for processing and assembly.
  • the stopper 1320 is arranged at one end of the slot 1310.
  • the slot 1310 is arranged in two sections in the first direction, and the stopper 1320 is arranged in the middle of the two sections of the slot 1310 . Whether the stopper 1320 is set at one end of the slot 1310, or the stopper 1320 is set in the middle of the two sections of the slot 1310, when the buckle 1410 is snapped into the slot 1310, the stopper 1320 is placed at the opening of the buckle 1410 , all of which can limit the sliding of the buckle 1410 in the first direction X.
  • the third stopper 141 includes a first buckle 1411 and a second buckle 1412 , and the first buckle 1411 and the second buckle 1412 are spaced along the second direction Y.
  • the first limiting part includes a first card slot 1311 and a second card slot 1312, the first card slot 1311 and the second card slot 1312 are spaced apart along the second direction Y, the first card slot 1311 is matched with the first buckle 1411 , the second slot 1312 is matched with the second buckle 1412, so that the fire-fighting pipe 12 can be fixed between the first limiting part 131 and the third limiting part 141, so as to prevent the fire-fighting pipe 12 from moving vertically when the battery 10 is in use.
  • the direction of the first wall 21 deviates from the pressure relief mechanism 211, thereby ensuring the relative position of the pressure relief mechanism 211 and the fire pipeline 12, and ensuring that the pressure relief mechanism 211 can accurately and timely destroy the fire pipeline 12 when activated, so as to achieve the effect of cooling.
  • the stoppers 1320 corresponding to the first card slot 1311 and the stoppers 1320 corresponding to the second card slot 1312 are distributed axisymmetrically with the first direction as the axis, for example, as shown in (a) in FIG. distribution in the manner shown.
  • the "stopper 1320 corresponding to the first card slot 1311" mentioned in this application refers to the stopper 1320 located on the same side of the first card slot 1311 and aligned with the first card slot 1311 along the first direction X, namely The stopper 1320 set at one end of the first card slot 1311 or the stopper 1320 set in the middle of the two sections of the first card slot 1311, "the stopper 1320 corresponding to the second card slot 1312” refers to the stopper 1320 located at the same end of the second card slot 1312 side, the block 1320 aligned with the second card slot 1312 along the first direction X, that is, the stop block 1320 set at one end of the second card slot 1312 or the stop block 1320 set in the middle of the two sections of the second card slot 1312 .
  • the openings of the first buckle 1411 and the second buckle 1411 have matching stoppers.
  • the block 1320 restricts the sliding of the first buckle 1411 in the first slot 1311 and the sliding of the second buckle 1412 in the second slot 1312, and more effectively restricts the movement of the second fixing member 14 in the first direction X. slide.
  • the stoppers 1320 corresponding to the first card slot 1311 and the stoppers 1320 corresponding to the second card slot 1312 are symmetrically distributed, for example, as shown in (b) of FIG. 8 .
  • the first limiting part 131 is installed and matched with the third limiting part 141, if the installation direction is opposite to the original matching direction, the first limiting part 131 cannot be matched and installed with the third limiting part 141, which can realize Structural fool-proof effect.
  • the number of stoppers 1320 corresponding to the first card slot 1311 is different from the number of stoppers 1320 corresponding to the second card slot 1312 .
  • one end of the first card slot 1311 may be provided with a stopper 1320 correspondingly, and one end of the second card slot 1312 may not be provided with a stopper 1320.
  • One end of 1312 is correspondingly provided with a stopper 1320 , as shown in FIG. 9 , one stopper 1320 is provided at each end of the first card slot 1311 , and one end of the second card slot 1312 is correspondingly provided with a stopper 1320 .
  • the first fixing member 13 is provided with an accommodating portion 133 for accommodating the electrode terminal 212 .
  • the first fixing member 13 is disposed on the surface of the first wall 21 away from the interior of the battery cell 20 , and when the first wall 21 is provided with the electrode terminals 212 , it can pass through the accommodating portion 133 provided to avoid the electrode terminal 212 .
  • Terminal 212 As shown in FIG. 10 , the accommodating portion 133 may include a through hole 1331, so that the electrode terminal 212 can pass through the through hole 1331, and the accommodating portion 133 surrounds the electrode terminal 212, so that the end surface of the electrode terminal 212 away from the battery cell 20 is exposed.
  • the confluence part can be connected to the electrode terminals 212 of a plurality of battery cells 20 by means of welding or the like, thereby realizing the electrical connection of the plurality of battery cells 20, and at the same time, the first fixing member 13 can also be connected to the battery cells through the receiving portion 133.
  • the relative fixation of the body 20 can be made to the electrode terminals 212 of a plurality of battery cells 20 by means of welding or the like, thereby realizing the electrical connection of the plurality of battery cells 20, and at the same time, the first fixing member 13 can also be connected to the battery cells through the receiving portion 133. The relative fixation of the body 20.
  • each electrode terminal 212 is generally cylindrical, and correspondingly, the through hole 1331 of the receiving portion 133 may also be configured as a circular through hole to accommodate the electrode terminal 212 .
  • the box body 11 can also be provided with a beam 22 for fixing the battery cells 20, and the beam 22 is used for attaching to at least one battery cell 20 among the plurality of battery cells 20 to fix multiple battery cells 20. 20 battery cells.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not impose any limitation on the arrangement manner of the beam 22 in the box body 11 .
  • one side of the beam 22 is attached to the side wall of the box 11
  • the other side of the beam 22 is attached to the battery cell 20 .
  • the beam 22 can also be considered as part of the side wall of the box 11 .
  • both sides of the beam 22 are respectively attached to the battery cells 20 .
  • the beam 22 can be regarded as an auxiliary structural member for improving the installation stability of the plurality of battery cells 20 in the box body 11 , where the beam 22 can also be called a beam.
  • the number of beams 22 can be flexibly set, for example, 1, 2, 3 or other numbers.
  • the plurality of beams 22 can all be the side walls of the box body 11, can be all beams, or can be partly the side walls of the box body 11, and partly be beams, and the present application is not limited to this .
  • the two sides of the beam 22 are respectively attached to the battery cells 20 , and the beam 22 is provided with a hole 23 .
  • the first fixing The part 13 is provided with a fixing part 134 , and the fixing part 134 is matched with the hole 23 to fix the first fixing part 13 on the surface of the beam 22 close to the fire pipe 12 .
  • the shape of the fixing portion 134 can be any shape matching the hole 23 , which is not limited in this application.
  • (b) among Fig. 11 is the front view of (a) among Fig. 11, as shown in (b) among Fig.
  • fixing part 134 is fir tree shape, and when installing, can pass through the first fixing of multiple rotations.
  • the fixing part 134 is screwed into the hole 23, so that the first fixing part 13 is stably fixed on the surface of the beam 22 close to the fire pipe 12.
  • the battery 10 in the embodiment of the present application may include a plurality of battery cells 20 arranged along the first direction X, each battery cell 20 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 211 on the first wall 21, and the fire-fighting pipe 12 corresponds to The pressure relief mechanism 211 is provided, therefore, the fire-fighting pipe 12 can be provided as a strip pipe extending along the first direction X.
  • the battery 10 may include one or more first fixing parts 13 , and the battery 10 may also include one or more second fixing parts 14 .
  • the battery 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 20 arranged along the first direction X, a plurality of first fixing members 13 and at least one second fixing member 14 arranged along the first direction X.
  • the fire-fighting pipe 12 is usually elongated. Therefore, a plurality of first fixing members 13 are provided to fix the fire-fighting pipe 12, It can make the fire pipeline 12 more stable.
  • one second fixing piece 14 corresponds to multiple first fixing pieces 13, that is to say, one second fixing piece 14 can cooperate with multiple first fixing pieces 13 to fix the fire pipe 12 Between the first fixing part 13 and the second fixing part 14, as shown in FIGS. Part 14 processing and assembly efficiency.
  • first fixing members 13 corresponding to each second fixing member 14 can be flexibly set according to practical applications.
  • the number of first fixing members 13 is usually set to be smaller than the number of battery cells 20. Embodiments are not limited thereto.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electric device, including the battery 10 in the above embodiment.
  • the electric device can be a vehicle 1, a ship or a spacecraft, etc., but this embodiment of the present application does not Not limited.
  • the battery 10 and the electrical device of the embodiment of the present application are described above, and the method and device for preparing the battery 10 of the embodiment of the present application will be described below, and the parts not described in detail can be referred to the foregoing embodiments.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic flowchart of a method 300 for manufacturing a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method 300 may include: S310, providing a battery cell 20 , the first wall 21 of the battery cell 20 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 211 , and the pressure relief mechanism 211 is used in the interior of the battery cell 20 Activate to release the internal pressure when the pressure or temperature reaches the threshold; S320, provide a fire-fighting pipeline 12, the fire-fighting pipeline 12 is used to accommodate the fire-fighting medium, and the fire-fighting pipeline 12 is used to discharge the fire-fighting medium when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is actuated; S330, Provide a first fixing part 13, the first fixing part 13 is arranged on the side of the fire pipe 12 close to the first wall 21, the first fixing part 13 is provided with a first limiting part 131 and a second limiting part 132; S340 , providing the second fixing part 14, the second fixing part 14 is arranged on the side of the fire pipe 12
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 400 for preparing a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device 400 may include: a providing module 410, which is used for: providing a battery cell 20, the first wall 21 of the battery cell 20 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 211, and the pressure relief mechanism 211 It is used to actuate to release the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value; a fire-fighting pipeline 12 is provided, the fire-fighting pipeline 12 is used to accommodate the fire-fighting medium, and the fire-fighting pipeline 12 is used to actuate the pressure relief mechanism 211 discharge the fire-fighting medium; provide the first fixing part 13, the first fixing part 13 is arranged on the side of the fire-fighting pipeline 12 close to the first wall 21, the first fixing part 13 is provided with a first limiting part 131 and a second limiting part Position part 132; provide the second fixing part 14, the second fixing part 14 is arranged on the side of the fire pipe 12 away

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池、用电设备、制备电池的方法和设备。该电池包括：电池单体，电池单体的第一壁设置有泄压机构，泄压机构用于在电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力；消防管道，用于容纳消防介质，消防管道用于在泄压机构致动时排出消防介质；第一固定件，设置于消防管道的靠近第一壁的一侧，第一固定件设置有第一限位部和第二限位部；第二固定件，设置于消防管道的远离第一壁的一侧，第二固定件设置有第三限位部和第四限位部，第三限位部与第一限位部相互配合，以将消防管道固定在第一固定件与第二固定件之间，第四限位部与第二限位部相互配合，以在第一方向上对第二固定件进行限位，第一方向平行于消防管道的延伸方向。本申请提供的电池、用电设备、制备电池的方法和设备，能够提高电池的安全性。

Description

电池、用电设备、制备电池的方法和设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池、用电设备、制备电池的方法和设备。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，安全问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池的安全问题不能保证，那该电池就无法使用。因此，如何增强电池的安全性，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池、用电设备、制备电池的方法和设备，能够提高电池的安全性。
第一方面，提供了一种电池，所述电池包括：电池单体，所述电池单体的第一壁设置有泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；消防管道，用于容纳消防介质，所述消防管道用于在所述泄压机构致动时排出所述消防介质；第一固定件，设置于所述消防管道的靠近所述第一壁的一侧，所述第一固定件设置有第一限位部和第二限位部；第二固定件，设置于所述消防管道的远离所述第一壁的一侧，所述第二固定件设置有第三限位部和第四限位部，所述第三限位部与所述第一限位部相互配合，以将所述消防管道固定在所述第一固定件与所述第二固定件之间，所述第四限位部与所述第二限位部相互配合，以在第一方向上对所述第二固定件进行限位，所述第一方向平行于所述消防管道的延伸方向。
本申请实施例的电池，通过第二限位部和第四限位部配合，限制第二固定件在平行于消防管道的方向上的滑动，以对第二固定件进行限位，这样，在第一限位部与第三限位部相互配合，将消防管道固定在第一固定件和第二固定件之间时，可以避免因第二固定件在平行于消防管道的方向上的滑动导致第一固定件和第二固定件位置错开。这样，即使电池发生振动，在第二限位部和第四限位部的限制下，可以避免第二固定件在平行于消防管道的方向上的滑动，从而与第一固定件配合固定消防管道，可以避免消防管道脱离原本的安装位置，进而使得泄压机构致动时，能够顺利和准确地破坏消防管道，以及时对经由泄压机构排出的排放物进行降温处理，提高电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，所述第三限位部包括沿所述第一方向延伸的卡扣，所述第四限位部为设置于所述卡扣中的开口，所述第一限位部为与所述卡扣匹配的卡槽，所述第二限位部为与所述开口匹配的挡块，在所述卡扣卡入所述卡槽时，所述挡块置于所述开口内以限制所述卡扣在所述第一方向上移动。
在卡扣卡入卡槽时，挡块置于卡扣的开口内即可实现限制卡扣在第一方向上的移动，便于加工和组装。
在一些实施例中，所述挡块在第二方向上的长度大于所述卡扣在所述第二方向上的厚度，所述第二方向平行于所述第一壁且垂直于所述第一方向。
通过设置挡块在第二方向上的长度大于卡扣在第二方向上的厚度，可以避免出现在卡扣卡入卡槽时，因挡块在第二方向上的长度较小，卡扣避开挡块，在第一方向上滑动的情况。
在一些实施例中，所述挡块具有垂直于所述第一方向的第一平面，所述开口的侧壁与所述第一平面相匹配，以使所述挡块置于所述开口内。
通过挡块的第一平面与开口的侧壁的配合，使挡块置于开口内，实现限制卡扣在第一方向上的移动，便于加工和组装。
在一些实施例中，所述挡块为长方体挡块，所述开口为与所述长方体挡块匹配的矩形开口。
设置挡块为长方体挡块，开口为矩形开口，结构简单，便于加工和组装。
在一些实施例中，在所述第一方向上所述挡块设置于所述卡槽的一端，和/或，在所述第一方向上所述卡槽为两段，所述挡块设置于两段所述卡槽的中间。
通过将挡块设置于卡槽的一端，和/或，将挡块设置于两段卡槽的中间，在卡扣卡入卡槽时，挡块置于卡扣的开口，即可实现限制卡扣在第一方向上的滑动。
在一些实施例中，所述第三限位部包括第一卡扣和第二卡扣，所述第一卡扣和所述第二卡扣沿所述第二方向分隔设置，所述第一限位部包括第一卡槽和第二卡槽，所述第一卡槽和所述第二卡槽沿所述第二方向分隔设置，并分别与所述第一卡扣和所述第二卡扣匹配。
这样，可以通过第一卡槽与第一卡扣匹配，第二卡槽与第二卡扣匹配，将消防管道固定于第一限位部和第三限位部之间，避免电池使用过程中，消防管道沿垂直于第一壁的方向偏离泄压机构，进而保证泄压机构与消防管道的相对位置，保证泄压机构致动时能够准确及时地破坏消防管道，以达到降温的效果。
在一些实施例中，所述第一卡槽对应的所述挡块和所述第二卡槽对应的所述挡块以所述第一方向为轴呈轴对称分布。
这样，当第一卡扣卡入第一卡槽和第二卡扣卡入第二卡槽时，第一卡扣和第二卡扣的开口都有与之匹配的挡块，限制第一卡扣在第一卡槽内的滑动以及限制第二卡扣在第二卡槽内的滑动，更有效限制第二固定件在第一方向上的滑动。
在一些实施例中，所述第一卡槽对应的所述挡块和所述第二卡槽对应的所述挡块呈中心对称分布。
这样，当第一限位部与第三限位部安装匹配时，若出现安装方向与原匹配方向相反时，第一限位部不能与第三限位部匹配安装，可实现结构防呆的效果。
在一些实施例中，所述第一卡槽对应的所述挡块的数量与所述第二卡槽对应的所述挡块的数量不同。
这样，当第一限位部与第三限位部安装匹配时，若出现安装方向与原匹配方向相反时，第一限位部不能与第三限位部匹配安装，可实现结构防呆的效果。
在一些实施例中，所述第一固定件固定于所述电池单体的所述第一壁的远离所述电池单体内部的表面。
这样，当消防管道固定在第一固定件和第二固定件之间时，消防管道靠近固定在电池单体的第一壁上的泄压机构，保证泄压机构致动时能够准确及时地破坏消防管道，以及时对经由泄压机构排出的排放物进行降温处理，提高电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，所述第一固定件固定于用于容纳所述电池单体的箱体的梁的靠近所述消防管道的表面。
这样，当消防管道固定在第一固定件和第二固定件之间时，消防管道靠近固定在电池单体的第一壁上的泄压机构，保证泄压机构致动时能够准确及时地破坏消防管道，以及时对经由泄压机构排出的排放物进行降温处理，提高电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，所述第一固定件设置有固定部，所述固定部用于将所述第一固定件固定于所述梁上。通过固定部将第一固定件固定于梁上，避免因安装不牢固导致第一固定件在箱体内晃动。
在一些实施例中，所述电池包括沿所述第一方向排列的多个所述电池单体、沿所述第一方向排列的多个所述第一固定件以及至少一个所述第二固定件。
设置多个第一固定件固定消防管道，使得消防管道更加稳定。
在一些实施例中，一个所述第二固定件对应于多个所述第一固定件。这样可以减少第二固定件的数量，进而提高第二固定件的加工和组装效率。
第二方面，提供了一种用电设备，包括：第一方面或者第一方面中任意一个实施例所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
第三方面，提供了一种制备电池的方法，包括：提供电池单体，所述电池单体的第一壁设置有泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；提供消防管道，所述消防管道用于容纳消防介质，所述消防管道用于在所述泄压机构致动时排出所述消防介质；提供第一固定件，所述第一固定件设置于所述消防管道的靠近所述第一壁的一侧，所述第一固定件设置有第一限位部和第二限位部；提供第二固定件，所述第二固定件设置于所述消防管道的远离所述第一壁的一侧，所述第二固定件设置有第三限位部和第四限位部，所述第三限位部与所述第一限位部相互配合，以将所述消防管道固定在所述第一固定件与所述第二固定件之间，所述第四限位部与所述第二限位部相互配合，以在第一方向上对所述第二固定件进行限位，所述第一方向平行于所述消防管道的延伸方向。
第四方面，提供了一种制备电池的设备，包括执行上述第三方面的方法的模块。
本申请实施例的技术方案，通过第二限位部和第四限位部配合，限制第二固定件在平行于消防管道的方向上的滑动，以对第二固定件进行限位，这样，在第一 限位部与第三限位部相互配合，将消防管道固定在第一固定件和第二固定件之间时，可以避免因第二固定件在平行于消防管道的方向上的滑动导致第一固定件和第二固定件位置错开。这样，即使电池发生振动，在第二限位部和第四限位部的限制下，可以避免第二固定件在平行于消防管道的方向上的滑动，从而与第一固定件配合固定消防管道，可以避免消防管道脱离原本的安装位置，进而使得泄压机构致动时，能够顺利和准确地破坏消防管道，以及时对经由泄压机构排出的排放物进行降温处理，提高电池的安全性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例公开的一种车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的分解结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的局部分解结构示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的局部的俯视示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例公开的一种第一固定件和第二固定件的结构示意图；
图6是本申请一实施例公开的一种第一固定件的结构示意图；
图7是本申请一实施例公开的另一种第一固定件和第二固定件的结构示意图；
图8是本申请一实施例公开的另一种第一固定件的结构示意图；
图9是本申请一实施例公开的又一种第一固定件的结构示意图；
图10是本申请一实施例公开的另一种电池的局部分解结构示意图；
图11是本申请一实施例公开的又一种第一固定件的结构示意图；
图12是本申请一实施例公开的一种制备电池的方法的示意性流程图；
图13是本申请一实施例公开的一种制备电池的设备的示意性框图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施 例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极 片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为聚丙烯(polypropylene，PP)或聚乙烯(polyethylene，PE)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
对于电池单体来说，主要的安全危险来自于充电和放电过程，同时还有适宜的环境温度设计。为了有效地避免不必要的损失，对电池单体一般会有多重保护措施。具体而言，保护措施至少包括开关元件、选择适当的隔离膜材料以及泄压机构中的一种或者多种。开关元件是指电池单体内的温度或者电阻达到一定阈值时而能够使电池停止充电或者放电的元件。隔离膜用于隔离正极片和负极片，可以在温度上升到一定数值时自动溶解掉附着在其上的微米级(甚至纳米级)微孔，从而使金属离子不能在隔离膜上通过，终止电池单体的内部反应。泄压机构是指电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。
电池单体上的泄压机构对电池的安全性有着重要影响。例如，当发生短路、过充等现象时，可能会导致电池单体内部发生热失控从而压力或温度骤升。这种情况下通过泄压机构致动可以将内部压力及温度向外释放，以防止电池单体爆炸、起火。
泄压机构的设计主要关注将电池单体内部的高压和高热释放，即将所述排放物排出到电池单体外部。高温高压的排放物朝向电池单体设置泄压机构的方向排放，并且可更具体地沿朝向泄压机构致动的区域的方向排放，这种排放物的威力和破坏力可能很大，甚至可能足以冲破在该方向上的一个或多个结构，造成进一步的安全问题。
鉴于此，可以在电池单体的泄压机构的对应位置处设置消防管道，利用泄 压机构致动时，从电池单体内排出的排放物穿过并破坏该消防管道，以使得消防管道内的消防介质从消防管道被破坏的地方排出，对泄压机构排出的排放物进行冷却降温，降低排放物的危险性，从而能够增强电池的安全性。
为了使得消防管道能够在泄压机构致动时被破坏，以及时对由泄压机构排出的排放物进行降温，消防管道的位置应对应于泄压机构的位置。但是，在电池的实际使用过程中，电池可能发生振动，那么，如何在电池的箱体内安装固定消防管道，是极为重要的问题。
因此，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括多个电池单体和消防管道，电池单体的第一壁上设置有泄压机构，该电池还包括第一固定件和第二固定件，其中，第一固定件设置于消防管道的靠近第一壁的一侧，而第二固定件设置于消防管道的远离第一壁的一侧，第一固定件设置有第一限位部和第二限位部，第二固定件设置有第三限位部和第四限位部。第三限位部与第一限位部相互配合，以将消防管道固定在第一固定件与第二固定件之间，第四限位部与第二限位部相互配合，以在平行于消防管道的延伸方向的方向上对第二固定件进行限位。也就是说，通过第二限位部和第四限位部配合，对第二固定件进行限位，这样，在第一限位部与第三限位部相互配合，将消防管道固定在第一固定件和第二固定件之间时，可以避免因第二固定件在平行于消防管道的方向上的滑动导致第一固定件和第二固定件位置错开。这样，即使电池发生振动，在第二限位部和第四限位部的限制下，可以避免第二固定件在平行于消防管道的方向上的滑动，从而与第一固定件配合固定消防管道，可以避免消防管道脱离原本的安装位置，进而使得泄压机构致动时，能够顺利和准确地破坏消防管道，以及时对经由泄压机构排出的排放物进行降温处理，提高电池的安全性能。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的用电设备。该用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊 限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达40，控制器30以及电池10，控制器30用来控制电池10为马达40的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池可以包括多个电池单体，其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池也可以称为电池包。可选地，多个电池单体可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池。
例如，图2示出了本申请一个实施例的一种电池10的分解结构示意图，电池10可以包括多个电池单体20，多个电池单体20呈阵列排列。电池10还可以包括箱体11，箱体11内部为中空结构，多个电池单体20容纳于箱体11内，并且，箱体11的形状可以根据所容纳的多个电池单体20而定。在一些实施例中，箱体可以为长方体，具有六个壁。图2示出了本申请实施例的箱体11的一种可能的实现方式，如图2所示，箱体11可以包括两部分，这里分别称为第一部分111和第二部分112，第一部分111和第二部分112扣合在一起。第一部分111和第二部分112的形状可以根据电池单体20组合的形状而定，第一部分111和第二部分112中至少一个具有一个开口。例如，如图2所示，第一部分111和第二部分112均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一部分111的开口和第二部分112的开口相对设置，并且第一部分111和第二部分112相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体11。
再例如，不同于图2所示，第一部分111和第二部分112中可以仅有一个为具有开口的中空长方体，而另一个为板状，以盖合开口。例如，这里以第二部分112为中空长方体且只有一个面为开口面，第一部分111为板状为例，那么第一部分111盖合 在第二部分112的开口处以形成具有封闭腔室的箱体11，腔室可以用于容纳多个电池单体20。多个电池单体20相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一部分111和第二部分112扣合后形成的箱体11内。
可选地，电池10还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，电池10还可以包括汇流部件，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子实现电池单体20之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子。多个电池单体20的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体11而引出。
根据不同的电力需求，电池10中的电池单体20的数量可以设置为任意数值。多个电池单体20可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。由于每个电池10中包括的电池单体20的数量可能较多，为了便于安装，还可以将电池单体20分组设置，每组电池单体20组成电池模块。电池模块中包括的电池单体20的数量不限，可以根据需求设置。电池可以包括多个电池模块，这些电池模块可通过串联、并联或混联的方式进行连接。
图3示出了本申请实施例的电池10的局部分解结构示意图，图4示出了与图3对应的电池10的局部的俯视示意图。如图3和图4所示，本申请实施例的电池10包括：电池单体20、消防管道12、第一固定件13和第二固定件14。具体地，电池单体20的第一壁21设置有泄压机构211，泄压机构211用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力。消防管道12用于容纳消防介质，消防管道12用于在泄压机构211致动时排出消防介质。第一固定件13固定在消防管道12的靠近电池单体20的第一壁21的一侧，第一固定件13设置有第一限位部131和第二限位部132，第二固定件14固定在消防管道12的远离电池单体20的第一壁21的一侧，第二固定件14设置有第三限位部141和第四限位部142，第三限位部141与第一限位部131相互配合，以将消防管道12固定在第一固定件13与第二固定件14之间，第四限位部142与第二限位部132相互配合，以在第一方向上对第二固定件14进行限位，该第一方向平行于所述消防管道12的延伸方向，例如，如图3所示的X方向。
本申请实施例的电池单体20可以为中空的多面体结构，第一壁21可以为电池单体20的任意一个壁，例如，如图3和图4所示，本申请主要以第一壁21为电池单体20的面积最小的壁为例，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
本申请实施例的第一壁21上设置有泄压机构211，泄压机构211能够在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动，以泄放内部压力以及降低内部温度，因此，第一壁21通常不会设置为两个电池单体20相互附接的壁上。例如，如图3和图4所示，两个相邻的电池单体20之间可以通过面积最大的壁相互附接，那么设置有泄压机构211的第一壁21不是面积最大的壁；相反的，如果两个相邻的电池单体20之间通过其他壁附接，那么设置有泄压机构211的第一壁21可以设置为面积最大的壁。
应理解，本申请实施例的泄压机构211设置为在电池单体20的内部温度或者压力达到阈值时致动，阈值可以根据实际应用的需求不同而设置为不同值。例如，阈值可能取决于电池单体20中的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。另外，泄压机构211可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构211执行动作或者泄压机构211中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口或通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构211产生动作或被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体20的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构211产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构211中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压机构211在致动时，电池单体20的内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从致动的部位向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体20发生泄压，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
本申请中所提到的来自电池单体20的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
本申请实施例中的消防管道12用于容纳消防介质，这里的消防介质可以为流体，流体可以是液体或气体。消防管道12能够在泄压机构211致动时排出消防介质，例如，消防管道12可以对应于泄压机构211设置，以使得泄压机构211致动时，能够破坏消防管道12，其内部的消防介质流出，可以对泄压机构211排出的排放物进行降温，以避免热失控的电池单体20发生热扩散，提高电池10的安全性。
另外，在泄压机构211未破坏消防管道12的情况下，消防管道12中可以不容纳任何物质，而在泄压机构211致动的情况下，使得消防管道12中容纳消防介质，例如，可以通过开关阀门控制消防介质进入至消防管道12中。或者，在泄压机构211 未被破坏的情况下，消防管道12中也可以始终容纳有消防介质，消防介质还可以用于调节电池单体20的温度。调节温度是指给多个电池单体20加热或者冷却。在给电池单体20冷却或降温的情况下，消防管道12用于容纳冷却流体以给多个电池单体20降低温度，此时，消防管道12也可以称为冷却部件、冷却系统或冷却管道等，其容纳的消防介质也可以称为冷却介质或冷却流体，更具体的，可以称为冷却液或冷却气体。可选的，所述消防介质可以是循环流动的，以达到更好的温度调节的效果。可选的，消防介质可以为水、水和乙二醇的混合液或者空气等。
应理解，如图3和图4所示的电池单体20、消防管道12、第一固定件13以及第二固定件14均可以设置于电池10内，例如设置于电池10的箱体11内。并且，本申请实施例中的电池10的箱体11还可以用于容纳其他部件。例如，箱体11还可以设置用于固定电池单体20的结构。再例如，箱体11还可以用于容纳汇流部件，汇流部件可以用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。汇流部件可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子212实现电池单体之间的电连接。在一些实施例中，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子212。
应理解，本申请实施例的每个电池单体20可以包括两个电极端子212，两个电极端子212可以设置于电池单体20的任意一个壁或者多个壁上。例如，两个电极端子212可以设置于同一个壁上，或者分别设置在两个壁上；并且对于任意一个电极端子212，其可以与泄压机构211设置于同一个壁，或者也可以设置于不同的壁。如图3和图4所示，本申请实施例中以两个电极端子212均设置于第一壁21上为例进行说明。
具体地，第一壁21通常为平板形状，同一个电池单体20的两个电极端子212固定在平板面上，两个电极端子212分别为正电极端子和负电极端子。每个电极端子212各对应设置一个连接构件，或者也可以称为集流构件，其位于第一壁21与电池单体20内部的电极组件之间，用于将电极组件和电极端子212实现电连接。例如，电池单体20内部可以设置一个或者多个电极组件，每个电极组件具有两个极性相反的极耳。例如，当两个极耳中的第一极耳为正极极耳时，则两个极耳中的第二极耳为负极极耳。一个或多个电极组件的第一极耳通过一个连接构件与一个电极端子212连接，例如，与正电极端子连接；一个或多个电极组件的第二极耳通过另一个连接构件与另一个电极端子连接，例如，与负电极端子连接。
本申请实施例的第一固定件13上设置有第一限位部131和第二限位部132，第二固定件14上设置有第三限位部141和第四限位部142，第一限位部131与第三限位部141能够相互配合，例如，第一限位部131与第三限位部141能够通过设置卡槽结构和卡扣结构实现相互卡接，以使得第一固定件13与第二固定件14之间在垂直于第一壁21的方向上相对固定，进一步地，还可以将消防管道12固定在第一固定件13和第二固定件14之间，以约束和限制该消防管道12在垂直于第一壁21的方向上的运动，从而固定消防管道12；第二限位部132与第四限位部142能够相互配合，例如，第二限位部132和第四限位部142能够通过设置挡块结构和开口结构实现相互插接，限制第二固定件14在第一方向X上的滑动，使得该第二固定件14与第一固定件13在第一方向X上相对固定，从而有效固定消防管道12，可以避免消防管道12偏离或者远离泄压机构211对应的位置，进而使得泄压机构211致动时，能够顺利和准确地破坏消防管道12，以及时对经由泄压机构211排出的排放物进行降温处理，提高电池10的安全性能。
下面将结合附图详细描述本申请实施例的第一限位部131、第二限位部132、第三限位部141和第四限位部142。以第一限位部131为卡槽结构，第二限位部132为挡块结构，第三限位部141为卡扣结构，第四限位部142为开口结构为例进行描述。
具体地，如图5所示，第三限位部141为沿第一方向X延伸的卡扣1410，第四限位部142为设置于卡扣1410中的开口1420，第一限位部131为与卡扣1410匹配的卡槽1310，第二限位部132为与开口1420匹配的挡块1320，在卡扣1410卡入卡槽1310时，挡块1320置于开口1420内，以限制卡扣1410在第一方向X上的移动，此种结构设置便于加工和组装。
在本申请实施例中，挡块1320在第二方向上的长度大于卡扣1410在第二方向上的厚度，第二方向平行于第一壁21且垂直于第一方向X，例如，如图5中所示的Y方向。这样，可以避免出现在卡扣1410卡入卡槽1310时，因挡块1320在第二方向Y上的长度较小，卡扣1410避开挡块1320，在第一方向X上滑动的情况。
在本申请实施例中，挡块1320具有垂直于第一方向X的第一平面，开口1420的侧壁与第一平面相匹配，以使挡块置于开口1420内。通过挡块1320的第一平面与开口的侧壁的配合，使挡块1320置于开口1420内，实现限制卡扣1410在第一方向X上的移动，便于加工和组装。
具体地，如图5所示，挡块1320为长方体挡块，开口1420为与长方体挡块匹配的矩形开口，应理解，挡块1320还可以设置为具有垂直于第一方向的第一平面的其他形状，相应地，开口1420可以设置为与挡块1320相匹配的其它形状，本申请对此不做限定。
设置挡块1320为长方体挡块，开口1420为矩形开口，结构简单，便于加工和组装。
在本申请实施例中，如图6中的(a)所示，在第一方向X上，挡块1320设置于卡槽1310的一端，另外，也可以如图6中的(b)所示在第一方向上将卡槽1310设置为两段，而挡块1320设置于两段卡槽1310的中间。无论是将挡块1320设置于卡槽1310的一端，还是将挡块1320设置于两段卡槽1310的中间，在卡扣1410卡入卡槽1310时，挡块1320置于卡扣1410的开口，都可实现限制卡扣1410在第一方向X上的滑动。
在本申请实施例中，如图7所示，第三限位部141包括第一卡扣1411和第二卡扣1412，第一卡扣1411和第二卡扣1412沿第二方向Y分隔设置，第一限位部包括第一卡槽1311和第二卡槽1312，第一卡槽1311和第二卡槽1312沿第二方向Y分隔设置，第一卡槽1311与第一卡扣1411匹配，第二卡槽1312与第二卡扣1412匹配，这样可以将消防管道12固定于第一限位部131和第三限位部141之间，避免电池10使用过程中，消防管道12沿垂直于第一壁21的方向偏离泄压机构211，进而保证泄压机构211与消防管道12的相对位置，保证泄压机构211致动时能够准确及时地破坏消防管道12，以达到降温的效果。
在本申请实施例中，第一卡槽1311对应的挡块1320和第二卡槽1312对应的挡块1320以第一方向为轴呈轴对称分布，例如，如图8中的(a)所示的方式分布。
本申请中所提到的“第一卡槽1311对应的挡块1320”是指位于第一卡槽1311同一侧，沿第一方向X与第一卡槽1311排成一列的挡块1320，即设置于第一卡槽1311一端的挡块1320或者是设置于两段第一卡槽1311中间的挡块1320，“第二卡槽1312对应的挡块1320”是指位于第二卡槽1312同一侧，沿第一方向X与第二卡槽1312排成一列的挡块1320，即设置于第二卡槽1312一端的挡块1320或者是设置于两段第二卡槽1312中间的挡块1320。
这样，当第一卡扣1411卡入第一卡槽1311和第二卡扣1412卡入第二卡槽1312时，第一卡扣1411和第二卡扣1411的开口都有与之匹配的挡块1320，限制第一卡扣1411在第一卡槽1311内的滑动以及限制第二卡扣1412在第二卡槽1312内的滑动，更有效限制第二固定件14在第一方向X上的滑动。
在本申请实施例中，第一卡槽1311对应的挡块1320和第二卡槽1312对应的挡块1320呈中心对称分布，例如，如图8中的(b)所示的方式分布。这样，当第一限位部131与第三限位部141安装匹配时，若出现安装方向与原匹配方向相反时，第一限位部131不能与第三限位部141匹配安装，可实现结构防呆的效果。
在本申请实施例中，第一卡槽1311对应的挡块1320的数量与第二卡槽1312对应的挡块1320的数量不同。例如，可以是第一卡槽1311一端对应设置一个挡块1320，第二卡槽1312一端不设置挡块1320，也可以是第一卡槽1311两端各设置一个挡块1320，第二卡槽1312一端对应设置一个挡块1320，如图9所示，第一卡槽1311两端各设置一个挡块1320，第二卡槽1312一端对应设置一个挡块1320。
这样，当第一限位部131与第三限位部141安装匹配时，若出现安装方向与原匹配方向相反时，第一限位部131不能与第三限位部141匹配安装，可实现结构防呆的效果。
在本申请实施例中，第一固定件13设置有容纳部133，容纳部133用于容纳电极端子212。具体地，第一固定件13设置于第一壁21的远离电池单体20的内部的表面，在第一壁21设置有电极端子212的情况下，可以通过设置的容纳部133，以避让电极端子212。如图10所示，容纳部133可以包括通孔1331，以使得电极端子212能够穿过通孔1331，容纳部133环绕电极端子212，这样，电极端子212的远离电池单体20的一端表面露出，汇流部件可以通过焊接等方式，连接多个电池单体20的电极端子212，进而实现多个电池单体20的电连接，同时，第一固定件13还可以通过容纳部133实现与电池单体20的相对固定。
可选地，如图10所示，每个电极端子212通常为圆柱形，对应的，容纳部133的通孔1331也可以设置为圆形通孔，以容纳电极端子212。
在本申请实施例中，箱体11还可以设置用于固定电池单体20的梁22，梁22用于与多个电池单体20中的至少一个电池单体20相附接，以固定多个电池单体20。
本申请实施例对梁22在箱体11内的设置方式不作任何限定。在一个示例中，梁22的一侧与箱体11的侧壁相附接，梁22的另一侧与电池单体20相附接。在这种情况下，梁22也可以认为是箱体11的侧壁的一部分。在另一个示例中，梁22的两侧分别与电池单体20相附接。在这种情况下，梁22可以认为是一种辅助结构件，用于提高多个电池单体20在箱体11中的安装稳定性，其中梁22也可以称为横梁。
在箱体11中，根据实际使用需求，可以灵活设置梁22的数量，例如1个、2个、3个或者其他数量。当梁22的数量为多个时，多个梁22可以均为箱体11的侧壁，可以均为横梁，也可以部分为箱体11的侧壁，部分为横梁，本申请对此不作限定。
可选地，如图10所示，梁22的两侧分别与电池单体20相附接，梁22上设置有孔23，相应地，如图11中的(a)所示，第一固定件13设置有固定部134，该固定部134与孔23匹配，将第一固定件13固定于梁22的靠近消防管道12的表面。固定部134的形状可以为与孔23匹配的任何形状，本申请对此不做限定。图11中的(b)为图11中的(a)的正视图，如图11中的(b)所示，固定部134为杉树状，在安装时，可以通过多次旋转第一固定件13，将固定部134旋进孔23中，从而将第一固定件13稳定固定于梁22的靠近消防管道12的表面。
应理解，本申请实施例的电池10可以包括沿第一方向X排列的多个电池单体20，每个电池单体20的第一壁21上设置有泄压机构211，消防管道12对应于泄压机构211设置，因此，消防管道12可以设置为沿第一方向X延伸的长条形管道。对应的，为了实现消防管道12的固定，电池10可以包括一个或者多个第一固定件13，该电池10还可以包括一个或者多个第二固定件14。
在本申请实施例中，电池10包括沿第一方向X排列的多个电池单体20、沿第一方向X排列的多个第一固定件13以及至少一个第二固定件14。如图10和11所示，电池10包括沿第一方向X排列的多个电池单体20时，消防管道12通常为长条形，因此，设置多个第一固定件13固定消防管道12，可以使得消防管道12更加稳定。
在本申请实施例中，一个第二固定件14对应于多个第一固定件13，也就是说，一个第二固定件14可以与多个第一固定件13相配合，将消防管道12固定于第一固定件13和第二固定件14之间，如图10和11所示，第二固定件14沿第一方向X延伸，以减少第二固定件14的数量，进而提高第二固定件14的加工和组装效率。
应理解，每个第二固定件14对应的第一固定件13的数量可以根据实际应用 灵活设置，例如，第一固定件13的个数通常设置为小于电池单体20的个数，本申请实施例并不限于此。
本申请一个实施例还提供了一种用电设备，包括上述实施例中的电池10，可选地，该用电设备可以为车辆1、船舶或航天器等，但本申请实施例对此并不限定。
上文描述了本申请实施例的电池10和用电设备，下面将描述本申请实施例的制备电池10的方法和设备，其中未详细描述的部分可参见前述各实施例。
图12示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池10的方法300的示意性流程图。如图11所示，该方法300可以包括：S310，提供电池单体20，该电池单体20的第一壁21设置有泄压机构211，泄压机构211用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力；S320，提供消防管道12，该消防管道12用于容纳消防介质，消防管道12用于在泄压机构211致动时排出消防介质；S330，提供第一固定件13，该第一固定件13设置于消防管道12的靠近第一壁21的一侧，第一固定件13设置有第一限位部131和第二限位部132；S340，提供第二固定件14，该第二固定件14设置于消防管道12的远离第一壁21的一侧，第二固定件14设置有第三限位部141和第四限位部142，第三限位部141与第一限位部131相互配合，以将消防管道12固定在第一固定件13与第二固定件14之间，第四限位部142与第二限位部132相互配合，以在第一方向X上对第二固定件14进行限位，该第一方向X平行于消防管道12的延伸方向。
图13示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池10的设备400的示意性框图。如图12所示，该设备400可以包括：提供模块410，该提供模块410用于：提供电池单体20，该电池单体20的第一壁21设置有泄压机构211，泄压机构211用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力；提供消防管道12，该消防管道12用于容纳消防介质，消防管道12用于在泄压机构211致动时排出消防介质；提供第一固定件13，该第一固定件13设置于消防管道12的靠近第一壁21的一侧，第一固定件13设置有第一限位部131和第二限位部132；提供第二固定件14，该第二固定件14设置于消防管道12的远离第一壁21的一侧，第二固定件14设置有第三限位部141和第四限位部142，第三限位部141与第一限位部131相互配合，以将消防管道12固定在第一固定件13与第二固定件14之间，第四限位部142与第二限位部132相互配合，以在第一方向X上对第二固定件14进行限位，该第一方向X平行于消防管道12的延伸方向。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    电池单体(20)，所述电池单体(20)的第一壁(21)设置有泄压机构(211)，所述泄压机构(211)用于在所述电池单体(20)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    消防管道(12)，用于容纳消防介质，所述消防管道(12)用于在所述泄压机构(211)致动时排出所述消防介质；
    第一固定件(13)，设置于所述消防管道(12)的靠近所述第一壁(21)的一侧，所述第一固定件(13)设置有第一限位部(131)和第二限位部(132)；
    第二固定件(14)，设置于所述消防管道(12)的远离所述第一壁(21)的一侧，所述第二固定件(14)设置有第三限位部(141)和第四限位部(142)，所述第三限位部(141)与所述第一限位部(131)相互配合，以将所述消防管道(12)固定在所述第一固定件(13)与所述第二固定件(14)之间，所述第四限位部(142)与所述第二限位部(132)相互配合，以在第一方向上对所述第二固定件(14)进行限位，所述第一方向平行于所述消防管道(12)的延伸方向。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第三限位部(141)包括沿所述第一方向延伸的卡扣(1410)，所述第四限位部(142)为设置于所述卡扣(1410)中的开口(1420)，所述第一限位部(131)为与所述卡扣(1410)匹配的卡槽(1310)，所述第二限位部(132)为与所述开口(1420)匹配的挡块(1320)，在所述卡扣(1410)卡入所述卡槽(1310)时，所述挡块(1320)置于所述开口(1420)内以限制所述卡扣(1410)在所述第一方向上移动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述挡块(1320)在第二方向上的长度大于所述卡扣(1410)在所述第二方向上的厚度，所述第二方向平行于所述第一壁(21)且垂直于所述第一方向。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池，其特征在于，所述挡块(1320)具有垂直于所述第一方向的第一平面，所述开口(1420)的侧壁与所述第一平面相匹配，以使所述挡块(1320)置于所述开口(1420)内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其特征在于，所述挡块(1320)为长方体挡块，所述开口(1420)为与所述长方体挡块(1320)匹配的矩形开口。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，在所述第一方向上所述挡块(1320)设置于所述卡槽(1310)的一端，和/或，在所述第一方向上所述卡槽(1310)为两段，所述挡块(1320)设置于两段所述卡槽(1310)的中间。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第三限位部(141)包括第一卡扣(1411)和第二卡扣(1412)，所述第一卡扣(1411)和所述第二卡扣(1412)沿所述第二方向分隔设置，所述第一限位部(131)包括第一卡槽(1311)和第二卡槽(1312)，所述第一卡槽(1311)和所述第二卡槽(1312)沿所述第二方向分隔设置，并分别与所述第一卡扣(1411)和所述第二卡扣(1412)匹配。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一卡槽(1311)对应的所述挡块(1320)和所述第二卡槽(1312)对应的所述挡块(1320)以所述第一方向为轴呈轴对称分布。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一卡槽(1311)对应的所述挡块(1320)和所述第二卡槽(1312)对应的所述挡块(1320)呈中心对称分布。
  10. 根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一卡槽(1311)对应的所述挡块(1320)的数量与所述第二卡槽(1312)对应的所述挡块(1320)的数量不同。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一固定件(13)固定于所述电池单体(20)的所述第一壁(21)的远离所述电池单体(20)内部的表面。
  12. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一固定件(13)固定于用于容纳所述电池单体(20)的箱体的梁(22)的靠近所述消防管道(12)的表面。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一固定件(13)设置有固定部(134)，所述固定部(134)用于将所述第一固定件(13)固定于所述梁(22)上。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池包括沿所述第一方向排列的多个所述电池单体(20)、沿所述第一方向排列的多个所述第一固定件(13)以及至少一个所述第二固定件(14)。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池，其特征在于，一个所述第二固定件(14)对应于多个所述第一固定件(13)。
  16. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
  17. 一种制备电池的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    提供电池单体(20)，所述电池单体(20)的第一壁(21)设置有泄压机构(211)，所述泄压机构(211)用于在所述电池单体(20)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    提供消防管道(12)，所述消防管道(12)用于容纳消防介质，所述消防管道(12)用于在所述泄压机构(211)致动时排出所述消防介质；
    提供第一固定件(13)，所述第一固定件(13)设置于所述消防管道(12)的靠近所述第一壁(21)的一侧，所述第一固定件(13)设置有第一限位部(131)和第二限位部(132)；
    提供第二固定件(14)，所述第二固定件(14)设置于所述消防管道(12)的远离所述第一壁(21)的一侧，所述第二固定件(14)设置有第三限位部(141)和第四限位部(142)，所述第三限位部(141)与所述第一限位部(131)相互配合，以将所述消防管道(12)固定在所述第一固定件(13)与所述第二固定件(14)之间，所述第四限位部(142)与所述第二限位部(132)相互配合，以在第一方向上对所述第二固定件(14)进行限位，所述第一方向平行于所述消防管道(12)的延伸方向。
  18. 一种制备电池的设备，其特征在于，包括：提供模块，用于：
    提供电池单体(20)，所述电池单体(20)的第一壁(21)设置有泄压机构(211)，所述泄压机构(211)用于在所述电池单体(20)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    提供消防管道(12)，所述消防管道(12)用于容纳消防介质，所述消防管道(12)用于在所述泄压机构(211)致动时排出所述消防介质；
    提供第一固定件(13)，所述第一固定件(13)设置于所述消防管道(12)的靠近所述第一壁(21)的一侧，所述第一固定件(13)设置有第一限位部(131)和第二限位部(132)；
    提供第二固定件(14)，所述第二固定件(14)设置于所述消防管道(12)的远离所述第一壁(21)的一侧，所述第二固定件(14)设置有第三限位部(141)和第四限位部(142)，所述第三限位部(141)与所述第一限位部(131)相互配合，以将所述消防管道(12)固定在所述第一固定件(13)与所述第二固定件(14)之间，所述第四限位部(142)与所述第二限位部(132)相互配合，以在第一方向上对所述第二固定件(14)进行限位，所述第一方向平行于所述消防管道(12)的延伸方向。
PCT/CN2022/076872 2022-02-18 2022-02-18 电池、用电设备、制备电池的方法和设备 WO2023155147A1 (zh)

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