WO2023152209A1

WO2023152209A1 - Method for arranging strand-like elements in continuous recesses, and adhesive element for the method

Info

Publication number: WO2023152209A1
Application number: PCT/EP2023/053172
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mathias Patrick FINK; Jan-Gerd Pennekamp
Original assignee: Tesa Se
Priority date: 2022-02-09
Filing date: 2023-02-09
Publication date: 2023-08-17
Also published as: DE102022102979A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for arranging a strand-like element (10) in a continuous recess (12) of a substrate (14), comprising the method steps of: a) producing or providing an adhesive element (16) comprising an adhesive layer (18) consisting of an adhesive compound, wherein the adhesive element (16) has a through-hole (22) which extends in particular through the adhesive layer (18); b) gluing the adhesive element (16), by means of the adhesive layer (18), to a substrate (14) which has at least one continuous recess (12), wherein the adhesive element (16) at least partly covers the continuous recess (12) and wherein the through-hole (22) lies at least partly over the continuous recess (12); and c) guiding a strand-like element (10) through the through-hole (22) of the adhesive element (16) and the continuous recess (12) of the substrate (14) in order to arrange the strand-like element (10) in the continuous recess (12) of the substrate (14), wherein the adhesive element (16) is designed such that the cross-sectional area of the through-hole (22) can be substantially non-destructively and at least partly reversibly increased by 50% or more when the strand-like element (10) is guided through.

Description

Process for arranging strand-shaped elements in continuous recesses and adhesive element for the process

The invention relates to a method for arranging a linear element in a continuous recess of a substrate and an adhesive element for use in such a method.

Especially against the background of increasing digitization in almost all areas of life, the amount of laid cables is constantly increasing in many areas, for example in house or vehicle construction. To ensure a long service life of the cabling and to ensure long-term safe operation, it is regularly necessary to carefully route and position the cables or cable bundles. In particular, the routing of cables and other strand-like elements through openings regularly requires special attention. Such an opening, through which a linear element is to be guided, can for example have sharp edges and thereby damage the linear element in the case of an insufficiently fixed and/or secured arrangement. This represents a potential source of damage, particularly in applications in which the cables can potentially be exposed to high mechanical loads during operation, for example in applications in the field of automotive engineering.

In addition, the holes provided in substrates are usually only used for cable bushings or similar purposes, for example in the painting or coating process, and in this respect are often regarded as a necessary evil, whereby in principle it would be preferable to dispense with a continuous recess, for example for the purpose of a optimal thermal insulation and/or to prevent the ingress of water or other fluids. In particular in the field of industrial applications, there is a need for a secure arrangement of strand-like elements, as well as a need for the continuous recess in the substrate to be sealed in the best possible way at the same time. Particularly for applications in the field of vehicle technology, particularly high demands are also placed on the mechanical strength of the materials used to arrange the cables, which in particular must also reliably withstand the impact and impact loads that occur during operation.

In order to route cables through openings in substrates, so-called cable bushing plugs are known from the prior art. There are simple configurations in everyday life, for example at desks or in conference rooms, where the cables required for the electronics are routed through holes in the furniture using cable bushing plugs, which allow at least a basic fixation of the cables that are routed through mostly simple measures such as slits or brush areas. However, such simple solutions are generally not suitable for use in industrial applications, in particular in vehicles, since they usually allow neither the lack of mechanical strength nor the adequate closure of the continuous recess.

So-called closure collars are known from the construction industry, with which pipes in particular can be guided through recesses in the masonry. Such closure collars, as disclosed for example in EP 2 063 163 A1, regularly include an opening in a sealing material that is prefabricated to a specific diameter. In some cases, an attempt is made to improve the applicability for different diameters by stamping different prefabricated diameters of the opening. The sealing material, which is mostly made of plastic and has the prefabricated through-hole, is then usually fastened using simple fastening means, for example double-sided adhesive tape, as is also used when gluing vapor barrier films.

Most of the sealing collars used in the construction industry have a relatively simple design and are designed for the mostly manageable load profiles in this area. Accordingly, in many cases these systems are perceived as inadequate for use in high-performance applications, particularly inside vehicles. Depending on the configuration of these sealing collars, the lack of flexibility and insufficient adaptability of the sealing collars to different diameters of cables and cable bundles is perceived as disadvantageous. In particular, if the continuous recess in the substrate is to be sealed as fluid-tight as possible, as is often desirable, a person skilled in the art usually has to keep a large number of different sealing collars with different through-holes in stock, so that the storage costs increase and/or the dependency on supply chains increases.

In such systems, which attempt to allow greater flexibility by means of different pre-cuts, there is an additional manufacturing effort when adapting the through-holes to the respectively provided cable harnesses. This may be manageable for applications in the building industry where the number of arrangements required is manageable. Particularly in the field of vehicle production, where mostly complex cable harnesses with a large number of different diameters of the individual strands have to be routed through a large number of continuous recesses with different diameters, this additional production effort quickly adds up to a considerable time and cost factor. In addition, with the sealing collars known from the construction industry, the mechanical stability of the arrangement produced, which is naturally designed for use in essentially stationary buildings, is often found to be insufficient for use in vehicles. What weighs most heavily in most cases, however, is that the type of attachment, which is naturally geared towards simple adhesion to an underlying, flat substrate and accordingly resorts to very rudimentary connection means, such as ordinary strips of adhesive tape, is often considered for high-performance applications is not felt to be sufficient to ensure a secure fit of the cable bundle in the continuous recess in the long term. In particular, the means used to attach the sealing collars from the prior art in many cases show insufficient suitability for reliably attaching the sealing collar to substrates with complex shapes, such as corrugated metal structures, so that here too in many cases a specific adaptation to the substrate is required necessary is.

In addition, the way in which the wiring harness is surrounded by such sealing collars is regularly perceived as insufficient for demanding applications, since the cables are usually only routed through a plastic material, which in many cases is limited in terms of its ability to adapt its shape and, in particular, does not have a material connection with can enter the wiring harness. In particular when using cable harnesses with an uneven cross-sectional geometry, for example in the case of non-sheathed bundles of several cables, such sealing collars regularly produce unsatisfactory results, in particular with regard to the fluid-tightness of the closure of the continuous recess.

The primary object of the present invention was to eliminate or at least reduce the disadvantages of the prior art described above.

In particular, the object of the present invention was to specify a method for arranging linear elements, in particular cables and cable bundles, in continuous recesses, with which a reliable and mechanically highly resilient arrangement of these linear elements in the recess and reliable protection of the arranged linear elements can be guaranteed against mechanical loads.

It was an object of the present invention that the specified method should be usable using the same fastening elements for the largest possible number of different diameters and cross-sectional geometries of the strand-like elements used, so that the number of parts required can be minimized. In this respect, it was desirable that the method to be specified should use a fastening element that should be easily and reliably adaptable to different diameters and cross-sectional geometries of strand-like elements without a prior adaptation to the respective strand-like item is necessary. In this respect, the method to be specified should preferably be executable in such a way that a particularly resilient connection can be achieved between the substrate and the fastening element even if the substrate has a complex macroscopic surface structure in the area of the continuous recess.

It was an additional object of the present invention that with the method to be specified an arrangement should be achievable in which the arranged linear elements are particularly well protected against impact loads. In addition, it was desirable that the fixation of the strand-shaped elements in the arrangement and ideally also the fluid-tightness of the closure of the continuous recess should be improved, with a material connection ideally being produced.

It was an additional object of the present invention that, with the method to be specified and the fastening means used, a weight saving should ideally be achievable in comparison with conventional solutions.

It was desirable that the method to be specified should be able to be carried out as efficiently as possible in terms of time and costs, with the aim being that a high degree of automation should be achievable with the method to be specified. In addition, it was an additional object of the present invention that the fastening elements used in the method to be specified should be as simple as possible to manufacture and that the method to be specified should provide a high level of process reliability and reproducibility.

It was a further object of the present invention that the method to be specified should be adjustable in a particularly flexible manner to the respective requirements of the arrangement, in particular also to special properties such as noise reduction and abrasion resistance. It was also an object of the present invention that the assemblies produced with the method to be specified can be maintained as far as possible without the use of special tools and that the arranged linear elements can be exchanged using the same fastening elements in order in this way to enable a quick exchange and a to enable sustainable process management with reduced waste generation.

Proceeding from the objects described above, it was an additional object of the present invention to specify an efficient fastening means which is suitable for use in the method to be specified and makes this possible.

The inventors of the present invention have now found that, surprisingly, the objects described above can be achieved if a method for arranging a linear element in a through hole of a substrate using a specific adhesive element as a fastening means is carried out, in which the arrangement the through hole provided preferably also extends through the adhesive, as defined in the claims, particularly good results being achieved if the adhesive element also has a passivating cover layer and the through hole also extends through this cover layer.

The above objects are thus achieved by the subject matter of the invention as defined in the claims. Preferred configurations according to the invention result from the dependent claims and the following statements.

Such embodiments, which are referred to below as preferred, are combined in particularly preferred embodiments with features of other embodiments referred to as preferred. Combinations of two or more of the embodiments described below as being particularly preferred are therefore very particularly preferred. Also preferred are embodiments in which a feature of one embodiment identified as preferred to some extent is combined with one or more further features of other embodiments identified as preferred to some extent. Features of preferred adhesive elements result from the features of preferred methods.

The invention relates to a method for arranging a linear element in a continuous recess of a substrate, comprising the method steps: a) producing or providing an adhesive element, comprising an adhesive layer made of an adhesive compound and optionally at least one further layer, the adhesive element having a through hole or a pre-weakening for producing a through-hole, b) gluing the adhesive element by means of the adhesive layer to a substrate which has at least one through-hole, the adhesive element at least partially covering the through-hole and the through-hole or the pre-weakening for creating a through-hole at least partially over the through-hole recess is located, and c) passing a strand-like element through the through-hole of the adhesive element or the pre-weakening to produce a through-hole and the through-hole of the substrate for arranging the strand-like element in the through-hole of the substrate, wherein the adhesive element is set up so that the cross-sectional area of the through-hole can be increased by 50% or more, preferably by 100% or more, essentially non-destructively and at least partially reversibly when the linear element is passed through.

Preferably, the through hole of the adhesive member extends through the adhesive layer. If a further layer is present in the adhesive element in addition to the adhesive layer, the through-hole can extend both through the adhesive layer and through the further layer.

In the further layer, instead of a through-hole, a pre-weakening for producing a through-hole can also be provided. In addition, a through-hole can then be implemented in the adhesive layer at the same time, but this is not mandatory; the adhesive layer can be provided over the entire surface of the further layer.

The method according to the invention serves to arrange one or more strand-like elements, for example cables, but also hoses, in a continuous recess of a substrate, for example a hole in a body part of a vehicle. Here, the method according to the invention has proven to be particularly efficient when laying cables in vehicle construction, since the advantages of the great adaptability and the mechanical strength of the arrangement are particularly evident here. A method according to the invention is therefore preferred in which the substrate is a vehicle part, preferably for an airplane, a truck or a car, particularly preferably for a car, with the substrate preferably being a vehicle body. A method according to the invention is also preferred, in which the strand-like element is selected from the group consisting of hoses, cables and bundles of these elements, the strand-like element preferably being a cable or a cable bundle.

Furthermore, the use of the adhesive element according to the invention in house and apartment construction is advantageously possible. Cables, hoses and also pipes often have to be routed through walls there, whereby a cold bridge often occurs due to the larger recess in the wall that is required for this purpose. When used according to the invention, the adhesive element according to the invention encloses the cables, hoses and pipes, so that the recess is ideally completely closed.

The central element of the method according to the invention is the adhesive element used, which can either be provided, for example, by purchasing it from a supplier or can be produced within the scope of the method itself. The adhesive element to be used according to the invention comprises an adhesive mass, which is designed as an adhesive layer, for arranging the strand-like element in the continuous recess.

The adhesive element to be used according to the invention has at least one through-hole or a pre-weakening for producing a through-hole, which is intended for the strand-shaped element to be guided through and arranged therein. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention and in contrast to the fastening elements known from the prior art, for example the sealing collar known from the construction industry, the through hole in the adhesive element does not only extend through any cover layer, but through the adhesive layer, so that the adhesive layer surrounds the through-hole provided for the passage of the linear element. If there is a pre-weakening in the adhesive element to create a through-hole, this pre-weakening is torn open when the linear element is passed through, resulting in the through-hole.

If only the through-hole is mentioned below, it is clear to the person skilled in the art that the variant of the adhesive element with a pre-weakening for producing a through-hole is also meant.

In the method according to the invention, the adhesive element produced or provided is attached to a substrate via the adhesive layer, this substrate having at least one continuous recess in which the strand-like element is to be arranged. The adhesive element is arranged in such a way that it at least partially covers the recess and the through hole or the pre-weakening for producing a through hole lies at least partially over the through recess. In accordance with expert understanding, this leads to an at least partial closure of the through-hole in the substrate by the adhesive element, with a through-joint being possible through the composite produced in the region in which the through-hole lies above the through-hole.

Due to the flat adhesive layer, the adhesive element can be attached particularly easily and flexibly to a large number of different substrates, with continuous recesses of different sizes being able to be flexibly pasted over in particular. Advantageously, there is always an optimal contact surface between the adhesive and the substrate in the edge region of the continuous recess, since the surface-covered adhesive side of the adhesive element enables a significantly improved and more flexible adaptation to the substrate than, for example, selectively applied strips of double-sided adhesive tape. As a result, the same adhesive elements are advantageously suitable for use in completely different continuous recesses.

The arrangement of the strand-like element in the continuous recess of the substrate takes place, starting from the adhesive bond prepared as above, by guiding the strand-like element through the through-hole of the adhesive element. This exploits the fact that the essential component of the adhesive element, namely the adhesive layer of the adhesive, is deformable, namely at least partially elastically deformable, depending on the configuration of the adhesive, and at the same time has sufficient cohesion to stabilize the strand-like element. This makes it possible to reliably and easily arrange a strand-shaped element whose diameter is significantly larger than that of the through hole and/or whose cross-sectional geometry differs significantly from that of the through hole in the continuous recess. This is possible because the adhesive element is set up so that the cross-sectional area of the Through hole can be at least doubled non-destructively and at least partially reversible.

In accordance with the expert understanding, this means that the through-hole in the adhesive element can be stretched without destructive steps, so that a strand-shaped element can also be passed through the through-hole, the cross-sectional area of which corresponds to twice the through-hole's through-area. Accordingly, a method according to the invention is preferred, wherein the adhesive layer is non-destructive and at least partially reversible, preferably essentially completely reversible, stretchable and/or compressible, and/or wherein the adhesive element is non-destructive and at least partially reversible, preferably essentially completely reversible, stretchable and/or or is compressible.

With the method according to the invention, it is advantageously possible to prepare a large number of continuous recesses with different dimensions for the arrangement of linear elements with one fastening means, namely the adhesive element, and to arrange a wide range of linear elements with different cross-sectional areas in the continuous recess. The specific mechanical properties of the adhesives ensure an arrangement in which the strand-like element is protected particularly efficiently from impact. Advantageously, the adhesive element can be designed in such a way that the strand-like element is contacted by the adhesive mass of the adhesive element after it has been passed through, at least in sections, preferably essentially over the entire circumference, so that a material connection is also created at least in sections, which has a particularly secure arrangement of the strand-like element and optionally a particularly fluid-tight closure of the continuous recess. Advantageously, the adhesive elements to be used in the method according to the invention can be designed with a very low intrinsic weight, and the expansion properties of the through hole of the adhesive element can advantageously be set particularly easily via the properties of the adhesive.

With a view to making production as time- and cost-efficient as possible, the inventors propose that the adhesive elements to be used in the method according to the invention be produced particularly efficiently by using separation methods, by which they can be separated from a larger adhesive composite, for example. A method according to the invention is therefore preferred, in which the adhesive element is a diecut, and/or in which the adhesive element is produced by punching out the adhesive element from an adhesive composite, comprising an adhesive layer and a cover layer arranged on the adhesive layer, and/or in which the through-hole in the adhesive element a separation process, preferably by means of punching or cutting, particularly preferably by means of punching. In this respect, it is also possible that the through hole is only produced in the course of the method according to the invention, which can be done particularly easily in that the adhesive element has a pre-weakening for producing a through hole, in particular in the form of a perforation, from which a through hole is produced by mechanical stress can be. Accordingly, a method according to the invention is preferred, in which the through-hole is formed in the adhesive element by mechanical loading of a perforation.

In the adhesive element, in particular in the further layer, a pre-weakening can be provided to produce a through-hole, preferably a device consisting of a plurality of weakening lines which radially converge at one point. Because of these weakening lines, the stability of the adhesive element is reduced, so that the adhesive element breaks open when the strand-shaped element is passed through.

In particular if the preliminary weakening is to produce a through hole in the further layer, this can also be formed by material being removed from part of the surface of the further layer, with the through hole later forming in this area. This means that the thickness of the additional layer is less at this point than in the remaining part of the additional layer.

The material can be thinned out by mechanical removal; etching in this area is also possible. The thickness of the further layer can also be reduced by embossing, optionally with simultaneous heating.

With a view to the typical cross-sectional geometries of cables, cable bundles and hoses, rounded cross-sections have proven themselves for the through hole, with a round cross-section in particular favoring the most even possible distribution of force and uniform expansion. Accordingly, a method according to the invention is preferred, wherein the through-hole has a round or oval, preferably a round, cross-section.

Due to the advantageous property of the adhesive elements used in the method according to the invention, that the cross-sectional area can be increased to such an extent, the inventors believe it is expedient to make the original through-hole through the adhesive element comparatively small. This also ensures that the adhesive element on the adhesive side can be formed to a large extent by the adhesive layer, so that it can be adapted particularly well to a large number of continuous recesses with different dimensions. Against the background of flexibility, it is also favorable if the through hole is arranged largely in the middle, ie the center point of the through hole coincides with a center of symmetry of the adhesive element. Therefore, a method according to the invention is preferred, wherein the surface area of the through hole at the total surface area of the adhesive element is 20% or less, preferably 10% or less, particularly preferably 5% or less, and/or wherein the cross-sectional area of the through-hole is in the range of 0.1 to 2.0 cm ² , preferably in the range of 0, 2 to 1.5 cm ² , particularly preferably in the range from 0.3 to 1.0 cm ² . A method according to the invention is therefore also preferred, in which the through-hole is arranged essentially in the center of the adhesive element.

The use of adhesive elements in which a cover layer is provided in addition to the adhesive layer is particularly advantageous and is explicitly preferred for all embodiments. Such an adhesive element then comprises an adhesive layer made from an adhesive composition and a cover layer arranged on the adhesive layer, the adhesive element having a through-hole which correspondingly extends through the cover layer and preferably through the adhesive layer. Accordingly, a method according to the invention is preferred, wherein the adhesive element comprises a cover layer arranged on the adhesive layer and the through-hole extends through the cover layer and preferably through the adhesive layer.

In this configuration, the adhesive element thus comprises two layers which are arranged one above the other and are accordingly connected to one another. Such a cover layer is used in particular to improve the handling of the adhesive element and can be specifically adapted to the requirements of the respective application, for example by being designed as a fleece, which enables better noise reduction. In addition to macroscopic, flat structures, the term cover layer also includes any coatings of the adhesive layer, for example with a thin plastic coating, or thin scattered layers of small particles, for example powder, in particular ground mineral rock such as chalk or talc, provided these enable the desired passivation of the adhesive layer. Thicker top layers are also conceivable, which additionally stabilize the adhesive elements and give them additional structural stability. The latter is particularly advantageous for cover layers made of foamed materials such as PE foam. If the through-hole through the cover layer is not larger than in the adhesive layer anyway, the adhesive layer must be designed in such a way that the property of the adhesive elements according to the invention for enlarging the through-hole is retained, since the cover layer can influence the expansion properties. In the case of materials that are difficult to stretch, such as some fabrics, this can be done, for example, by means of prepared cuts in the material that allow mechanical deformation or can also be achieved by predetermined breaking points. However, preference is given to the use of stretchable materials in the cover layer and thus to a method according to the invention, the cover layer being non-destructive and at least partially reversible, preferably essentially completely reversible, stretchable and/or compressible.

According to one variant of the invention, the adhesive layer is applied over the entire surface of the cover layer, so that the through-hole only extends through the cover layer. The adhesives used with preference are plastically deformable to such an extent that when the strand-shaped element is passed through the adhesive layer is pierced by the strand-like element through the adhesive element. Adhesive elements of this type can be produced by pre-punching a web of material, which forms the cover layer, and laminating this web of material onto an adhesive layer applied over the entire surface to a liner. The individual adhesive elements are then punched out of the laminate.

The person skilled in the art understands that when the through hole extends through the adhesive layer of the adhesive composition, as defined above, and at the same time the attachment of the adhesive element to the substrate takes place by means of the same adhesive layer, that the side of the adhesive element intended for adhesion is largely covered by the Adhesive layer is formed even if a cover layer is provided. In principle, when using a cover layer, it is possible to provide further partial areas on the side on which the adhesive layer is arranged, for example in the outer areas, in which the surface is not formed by the adhesive layer but, for example, by protruding the cover layer. This may make sense for selected applications. However, the person skilled in the art understands that such a configuration in many cases makes no significant contribution to the basic idea of the invention and can potentially adversely affect the total weight of the adhesive elements, especially when the handling properties are already improved by a cover layer. Correspondingly, it is explicitly preferred if the surface of the adhesive element on the side intended for adhesion is formed primarily by the adhesive layer and the corresponding adhesive. Accordingly, a method according to the invention is preferred, wherein the adhesive element comprises a cover layer and wherein the surface of the adhesive element on the side on which the adhesive layer is arranged is 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, particularly preferably 98% or more , most preferably essentially completely, is formed by the adhesive layer.

Since the cover layer is used in particular for good handling, analogously to the above explanations when using a cover layer, it also makes sense if the side of the adhesive element facing away from the adhesive side is therefore also largely formed by the cover layer. For example, lateral protrusion of the adhesive layer and thus the presence of the adhesive on the side facing away from the adhesive side would also tend to be disadvantageous in view of the improvement in handling properties sought with the cover layer, according to the inventors. Preference is therefore given to a method according to the invention, wherein the surface of the adhesive element on the side on which the cover layer is arranged is 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, particularly preferably 98% or more, very particularly preferably essentially completely , formed by the top layer.

The person skilled in the art understands that the adhesive elements to be used in the method according to the invention can also comprise more than one through-hole, so that, for example, two different linear elements can be arranged in the same through-hole of the substrate is also possible separately from one another, in which case these are advantageously separated from one another by the regularly electrically insulating adhesive compound and can be reliably spaced apart. Analogously, it is also possible to glue an adhesive element with two or more through-holes to the substrate in such a way that it covers two or more different recesses in the substrate and the respective through-holes are arranged over them. Consequently, a method according to the invention is preferred for some applications, wherein the adhesive element comprises two or more through-holes, wherein in method step c) at least one strand-like element is preferably arranged in all through-holes. A method according to the invention is also preferred for some applications, wherein the substrate has two or more continuous recesses, wherein in method step c) at least one strand-shaped element is preferably arranged in all continuous recesses by means of adhesive elements.

For the purpose of the best possible application, but also easy replacement of the adhesive elements, it is preferred if the adhesive has pressure-sensitive adhesive properties, so that it can be removed from the substrate, in particular largely without residue, if this becomes necessary. Accordingly, preference is given to a method according to the invention in which the adhesive is a pressure-sensitive adhesive.

According to the understanding of the art, a pressure-sensitive adhesive is an adhesive which has pressure-sensitive adhesive properties, ie the property of entering into a permanent connection to an adhesion substrate even under relatively slight pressure. Corresponding pressure-sensitive adhesives can usually be detached again from the substrate after use essentially without leaving any residue and are generally permanently intrinsically tacky even at room temperature, which means that they have a certain viscosity and initial tack, so that they wet the surface of a substrate even with little pressure. The pressure-sensitive tack of a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape results correspondingly from the fact that a pressure-sensitive adhesive is used as the adhesive. Without wishing to be bound by this theory, it is often assumed that a pressure-sensitive adhesive can be regarded as an extremely highly viscous liquid with an elastic portion, which consequently has characteristic viscoelastic properties that lead to the permanent inherent tack and pressure-sensitive adhesiveness described above. It is assumed that in the case of corresponding pressure-sensitive adhesives, mechanical deformation leads both to viscous flow processes and to the build-up of elastic restoring forces. The proportionate viscous flow serves to achieve adhesion, while the proportionate elastic restoring forces are necessary in particular to achieve cohesion. The relationships between rheology and pressure-sensitive tack are known in the prior art and are described, for example, in "Satas, Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Technology", Third Edition, (1999), pages 153 to 203. The storage modulus (G') and the loss modulus (G") are usually used to characterize the degree of elastic and viscous content, which can be determined by means of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), for example using a rheometer, as is described, for example, in WHERE 2015/189323. In the context of the present invention, an adhesive is preferably understood as pressure-sensitive adhesive and thus as pressure-sensitive adhesive if at a temperature of 23 ° C in the deformation frequency range of 10 ° to 10 ¹ rad / sec G 'and G "are each at least partially in the range of 10 ³ to 10 ⁷ Pa.

In addition or as an alternative to any pressure-sensitive tackiness of the adhesive, the adhesive elements to be used in the method according to the invention can also be made with a curable adhesive. In these cases, after the strand-like element has been arranged, the adhesive can be cured by suitable measures, for example by electromagnetic radiation or thermal energy, so that a permanent bond is created between the adhesive element and the substrate and the structural adhesive creates a firm mount for the strand-like element . Against this background, preference is given to a method according to the invention, in which the adhesive is a curable adhesive, preferably a radiation-curing and/or thermally curing adhesive, the method preferably additionally comprising the following method step after method step c): d) At least partial curing of the curable adhesive to obtain a cured assembly.

It can be seen as an advantage of the method according to the invention that a wide variety of adhesives, as are known to the person skilled in the art from the prior art, can be used in the adhesive elements to be used. The physico-chemical properties of typical adhesives make it possible to reliably set up the adhesive element to be used according to the invention in such a way that the cross-sectional area of the through-hole can be increased substantially non-destructively and at least partially reversibly when the strand-shaped element is passed through, as defined above. To this extent, however, the inventors were able to identify particularly suitable components of the adhesives. Preference is given to a method according to the invention in which the adhesive comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, poly(meth)acrylates and synthetic rubbers, preferably poly(meth)acrylates and synthetic rubbers, particularly preferably synthetic rubbers.

In the context of the present invention, the expression “poly(meth)acrylates” includes polyacrylates and polymethacrylates as well as copolymers of these polymers in accordance with the understanding of the person skilled in the art. Poly(meth)acrylates may contain minor amounts of monomer units not derived from (meth)acrylates. In the context of the present invention, a “poly(meth)acrylate” is understood to mean a (co)polymer whose monomer base consists of monomers to a mass fraction of 70% or more, preferably 90% or more, particularly preferably 98% or more selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid esters and methacrylic acid esters by weight of the monomer base. Preferred lies the mass fraction of acrylic acid ester and/or methacrylic acid ester is 50% or more, particularly preferably 70% or more. Poly(meth)acrylates are generally accessible by free-radical polymerization of acrylic and/or methacrylic-based monomers and, if appropriate, further copolymerizable monomers.

Irrespective of the nature of the polymers processed in the adhesive, the inventors believe that it is extremely preferable for the adhesive to be in the form of a foamed adhesive. This particularly preferred foaming not only improves the technical adhesive properties of the adhesive layer, but also synergistically supports precisely those aspects with regard to which particularly high demands are made of the adhesive elements. According to the inventors, a foamed adhesive composition is particularly suitable for absorbing the mechanical stresses that occur during operation as well as possible and for protecting the strand-like elements arranged therein accordingly particularly well, especially in cases in which an additional stabilizing cover layer is dispensed with entirely or the cover layer only is made very thin. At the same time, a foamed adhesive makes it possible in a synergistic manner to compress it mostly more efficiently, essentially non-destructively and at least partially reversibly, in order to make it possible to enlarge the through-hole. As a result, particularly large increases in the cross-sectional area of the through hole are advantageously possible even in the case of adhesives based on polymers, which would normally offer greater resistance to such an elongation, without causing significant structural damage to the adhesive layer. A “foamed pressure-sensitive adhesive” is understood as meaning a pressure-sensitive adhesive which comprises a pressure-sensitive adhesive matrix material and a plurality of gas-filled cavities, so that the density of this pressure-sensitive adhesive is reduced in comparison to the mere matrix material without cavities. The foaming of the matrix material of the foamed PSA can in principle be brought about in any desired manner. For example, the pressure-sensitive adhesive can be foamed by means of a propellant gas that is introduced or released in it. The foamed pressure-sensitive adhesive composition preferably contains at least partially expanded hollow microspheres. This is understood to mean at least partially expanded microspheres which are elastic and expandable in their basic state and have a thermoplastic polymer shell. In the ground state, these spheres are filled with low-boiling liquids or liquefied gas. In particular, polyacrylonitrile, PVDC, PVC or polyacrylates are used as the shell material. In particular, hydrocarbons of the lower alkanes, for example isobutane or isopentane, which are enclosed as a liquefied gas under pressure in the polymer shell are customary as the low-boiling liquid. The term “microballoons” is also common for such microspheres. The outer polymer shell of these microballoons softens when exposed to heat. At the same time, the liquid propellant gas in the shell converts to its gaseous state. The microballoons expand irreversibly and expand three-dimensionally. Expansion is complete when the internal and external pressures equalize. Since the polymeric shell is retained, a closed-cell foam is achieved in this way, insofar as is also spoken of a syntactic foaming. Against the background of the above statements, preference is given to a method according to the invention, wherein the adhesive is a foamed adhesive, wherein the adhesive preferably comprises one or more components selected from the group consisting of hollow spheres and at least partially expanded microballoons, and / or wherein the Adhesive can be produced by physical and/or chemical foaming of the adhesive.

It can be seen as a great advantage of the method according to the invention that the adhesive elements can be tailored via an optional cover layer to the handling properties required in each case or to enable other properties, for example soundproofing, provided they allow the increase in surface area of the through hole provided according to the invention. To this extent, the inventors have succeeded in identifying particularly suitable materials for the cover layer. Namely, a method according to the invention is preferred in which the cover layer comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of plastics and ground minerals, in particular chalk and talc, preferably selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene and soft Polyvinyl chloride, and/or wherein the cover layer comprises a foam or a textile layer, preferably a velor or a fleece. A method according to the invention is particularly preferred in this respect, in which the cover layer comprises a foam, preferably a foam made of a material which is selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, polyethylenes and polypropylenes. In addition to the polymers mentioned, a large number of other polymers are suitable for forming the foam. In this respect, according to the inventors, it is particularly preferred if at least one layer of the adhesive element, possibly also all layers, is formed as a foamed layer, with the use of a foamed cover layer in particular increasing the flexibility in the choice of adhesive, since it makes a major contribution provides for the general stability of the adhesive element.

According to the inventors, it can be seen as a particularly promising embodiment if a cover layer designed as a textile layer can extend into the through-hole during use, so that, for example, the adhesive mass exposed on the walls of the through-hole is covered by the cover layer when the strand-like element is inserted , which is particularly advantageous if an integral connection is to be avoided, e.g. because the focus is on easy replacement. A method according to the invention is preferred in this respect, in which the adhesive element comprises a textile layer as the cover layer, the through-hole in the cover layer having at least in sections a smaller diameter than in the adhesive layer, preferably in the range from 50 to 90%, particularly preferably in the range from 60 to 80 %, of the diameter in the adhesive layer, with the covering layer in the edge region of the through-hole preferably being set up for this purpose when a linear element is passed through to be passed at least partially through the through hole in the adhesive layer, particularly preferably through a perforation or a predetermined breaking point.

In practice, the areal dimensions of the adhesive elements usually result from the dimensions of the continuous recess to be covered in the substrate. With a view to the thickness of corresponding adhesive elements, however, the inventors have succeeded in identifying suitable areas, with the use of comparatively thin adhesive elements having proven particularly effective with regard to the total weight, and it was surprising that even with these thin adhesive elements, arrangements of the strand-shaped Elements can be realized that reliably withstand heavy mechanical loads, such as those that occur in vehicles. A method according to the invention is preferred in which the adhesive layer has an average thickness in the range from 100 to 3000 μm, preferably in the range from 300 to 2000 μm, particularly preferably in the range from 500 to 1000 μm, and/or the top layer has an average thickness in the range of 3 to 3000 pm.

The person skilled in the art understands that in the method according to the invention it is not absolutely necessary to cover the entire through-hole apart from the through-hole or to arrange the adhesive element in such a way that it completely covers the edge of the through-hole. However, it is also understood that thanks to the structure of the adhesive elements with extensive coverage and the largest possible, most circumferential contact surface between the adhesive layer and the substrate, the best bond strengths can be achieved. In particular for those applications in which the continuous recess, with the exception of the through hole, is to be sealed in a fluid-tight manner, complete covering is essential. A method according to the invention is therefore preferred, in which the adhesive element is glued on in such a way that, apart from the through hole, the adhesive element covers the continuous recess by 90% or more, preferably by 99% or more, particularly preferably essentially completely, and/or wherein the The adhesive element is glued on in such a way that the substrate at the edge of the continuous recess is covered by the adhesive element over 90% or more of the circumference, preferably over 99% or more, particularly preferably essentially over the entire circumference. Additionally or alternatively, a method according to the invention is preferred, wherein the continuous recess is closed after the arrangement of the linear element, apart from fluid paths in the linear element, at least liquid-tight, preferably liquid-tight and gas-tight.

An advantage of the method according to the invention is that essential parts, or preferably all parts, of the adhesive element that contact the substrate are formed by the adhesive layer, so that there are no weak points in the bond that could be the starting point for detachment of the adhesive element. In this respect, according to the inventors, it is particularly advantageous if the adhesive element is significantly larger than the Cross-sectional area of the continuous recess is formed, so that the largest possible contact area is formed between the substrate and the adhesive layer. It has been shown that a particularly reliable stabilization and a particularly durable adhesive bond can be achieved in this way, which in particular also reliably withstands strong mechanical loads. A method according to the invention is therefore preferred, in which the adhesive element is glued on in such a way that the contact area between the adhesive layer and the substrate is 25% or more, preferably 50% or more, particularly preferably 75% or more, very particularly preferably 100% or more of the cross-sectional area of the continuous recess.

In principle, it is not absolutely necessary for the entire through-hole to be available for introducing the strand-shaped element. If there is only a partial overlap of the through-hole and the through-hole, the area of the through-hole effectively available for the arrangement of the linear element is reduced by the edge of the substrate. A corresponding arrangement can be particularly useful in circumstances in which the space available is very small and/or the linear element is to be stabilized in a targeted manner by a part of the edge of the continuous recess provided for this purpose. In fact, it can be seen as an advantage of the method according to the invention that the adhesive elements to be used can also be used for this configuration because of their flexible adhesive properties and the variability in size of the through hole. For the vast majority of possible uses, however, it is preferred if the through hole does not lie above the edge of the through recess, but if the through hole is accessible over the entire surface through the through recess. It has proven to be a particularly favorable form of the arrangement, in which in particular an undesirable contact of the linear element with the edge of the through-going recess can be prevented in many cases, if the through-hole is arranged as centrally as possible above the through-going recess. A method according to the invention is therefore preferred, in which the adhesive element is glued on in such a way that the through-hole lies more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, particularly preferably essentially completely, over the through-hole, based on the cross-sectional area of the through-hole. and/or wherein the sticking of the sticking member is performed such that the center of the through hole and the center of the through recess are 0.2*d or less, preferably 0.1*d or less, more preferably 0.05 in plan view *d or less, where d is the median between the largest and smallest diameters of the through-hole.

In the opinion of the inventors, the surface tackiness of the adhesive elements to be used according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to automate the method according to the invention particularly easily. In particular, the gluing of the adhesive element can be carried out particularly efficiently, since this is less susceptible to positioning errors due to the broad adhesive properties automated operation can occur. Accordingly, a method according to the invention is preferred, in which the gluing of the adhesive element takes place in an automated manner.

Even if it is fundamentally conceivable when using a passivating cover layer that the linear element is arranged from the adhesive side, this procedure is less preferred, since the adhesive layer that is exposed on this side, i.e. not covered by the substrate, prevents the arrangement of the adhesive layer due to its sticky property can complicate strand-like element. A method according to the invention is therefore preferred in some cases, in which the strand-like element is passed through the through-hole from the side of the adhesive element on which the cover layer is arranged to the side of the adhesive element on which the adhesive layer is arranged.

After arranging the adhesive element over the through-hole, viewed from the other side of the substrate, the situation arises that the through-hole is at least partially covered by the adhesive element, with the adhesive layer being exposed in the through-hole. The fact that this part of the composite is sticky is unproblematic for the majority of applications. Nevertheless, particularly in areas where contact with the outside world cannot be ruled out, it can be undesirable for a sticky surface to be exposed in the bond produced. In this case, the inventors propose that this surface can be laminated with a non-adhesive layer after the filamentary element has been arranged, wherein the layer used for the lamination can be formed from the same material as the cover layer, for example.

In principle it is possible to also passivate the inner edge of the through-hole over part or even the entire thickness of the adhesive element, for example with the material of the cover layer. As also described above, this would prevent the strand-like element from coming into contact with the adhesive. However, a corresponding design of the adhesive elements is not only more complex in terms of production technology and places higher demands on the extensibility of the material used as the cover layer, but the corresponding embodiment is also explicitly less preferred, since the direct contact of the strand-shaped element with the adhesive and the resulting material connection as a positive side effect of the invention and are considered particularly advantageous. In fact, according to the inventors, it is particularly desirable to design the adhesive elements to be used in the method of the invention such that the strand-like elements arranged therein are in contact with the adhesive over large parts of their circumference. As a result, a particularly strong and regularly particularly fluid-tight connection is achieved. Preference is therefore given to a method according to the invention, in which the arranged strand-like element is contacted at least in sections by the adhesive composition of the adhesive element after the arrangement. In this respect, a method according to the invention is particularly preferred, in which the arranged strand-like element is particularly preferred after the arrangement over 80% or more of the circumference, preferably 90% or more 98% or more, particularly preferably essentially over the entire circumference, is contacted by the adhesive of the adhesive element.

According to the inventors, the advantageous embodiment described above can be further developed in an advantageous manner. For this purpose, the strand-shaped element is also prepared beforehand in such a way that a particularly good connection is achieved. In this case, an adhesive coating made from a second adhesive compound, which can also be the adhesive compound used in the adhesive element, is placed around the strand-shaped element. The thread-like element is now fed through until the adhesive coating and the second adhesive contained therein are at the level of the adhesive element and come into contact with the first adhesive, so that a material connection is produced between the adhesive in the adhesive element and the adhesive coating. Preference is therefore given to a method according to the invention, in which the strand-like element has an adhesive coating made of a second adhesive composition in sections over at least part of the circumference, preferably over 90% or more, particularly preferably 98% or more, preferably essentially over the entire circumference the implementation in method step c) takes place in such a way that the adhesive of the adhesive element contacts the second adhesive of the adhesive sheathing after the arrangement in order to produce a material connection between the adhesive element and the adhesive sheathing.

A great advantage of the method according to the invention can be seen in the fact that the adhesive elements used can not only be flexibly adapted to a large number of different substrates and continuous recesses with different dimensions, but also in particular that they can be flexibly adapted to a large number of different strand-like elements, i.e. linear elements with different cross-sectional areas and cross-sectional geometries can be adapted. Accordingly, the advantages of the method according to the invention are particularly evident when strand-like elements are used whose cross-sectional area is significantly above the cross-sectional area of the through-hole, so that the cross-sectional area or the diameter of the through-hole actually increases in the method according to the invention. A method according to the invention is preferred, in which the average cross-sectional area of the part of the linear element guided through the through-hole, preferably the average cross-sectional area of the linear element, is reduced by 50% or more, preferably 100% or more, more preferably 200% or more, particularly preferably 300 % or more, more preferably 400% or more, is larger than the cross-sectional area of the through hole before the string-shaped member is passed through.

Even if an enlargement of the cross-sectional area of the through hole in the adhesive element by 100% or more is already suitable for a large number of industrially relevant applications in the opinion of the inventors, in the light of the above teaching it is particularly easy to use the adhesive elements in such a way interpret that even larger Increases in cross-sectional area are possible. In view of the properties that are particularly favorable in this respect for essentially all adhesives, this can be achieved for the person skilled in the art primarily by choosing a suitable top layer, which should have sufficient extensibility. Preference is given to a method according to the invention, in which the adhesive element is set up so that the cross-sectional area of the through-hole is non-destructively and at least partially reversible, preferably essentially completely reversible, by 50% or more, preferably by 100% or more, further when a linear element is passed through preferably 200% or more, particularly preferably 300% or more, very particularly preferably 400% or more, preferably using muscle power.

In addition, in view of the advantageous design of the adhesive element, it also makes sense to actually bring about a large expansion in the method according to the invention, since the advantages are particularly evident in this case. A method according to the invention is preferred, for example, in which the cross-sectional area of the through-hole increases by 50% or more, preferably by 100% or more, more preferably by 200% or more, particularly preferably by 300% or more, very particularly preferably by 400% or more, is increased, and/or wherein the average diameter of the through-hole when the linear element is passed through is increased by 50% or more, preferably by 100% or more, more preferably by 200% or more, particularly preferably by 300% or more, very particularly preferably by 400 % or more, is increased.

It is clear to the person skilled in the art that the invention also relates to an adhesive element, preferably for use in a method according to the invention, comprising an adhesive layer made of an adhesive composition and preferably also a cover layer arranged on the adhesive layer, the adhesive element having a through hole or a perforation leading to it is set up to form a through-hole under mechanical stress, which extends through the adhesive layer and the cover layer that may be present, the adhesive element being set up so that the cross-sectional area of the through-hole is substantially non-destructive and at least partially reversible when a linear element is passed through, by 50 or more, preferably 100% or more. An adhesive element according to the invention is preferred, the adhesive element having a through hole.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained and described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures. show:

1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary adhesive element and strand-like element for use in a preferred method according to the invention in a first view, 2 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary adhesive element and strand-like element for use in a preferred method according to the invention in a second view,

3 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary substrate with a continuous recess for use in a method according to the invention,

4 shows a schematic representation of the method according to the invention at a first point in time in a preferred embodiment of the method,

5 shows a schematic representation of the method according to the invention at a second point in time in a preferred embodiment of the method,

6 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary adhesive element on a substrate after removal of the strand-like element, and

7 shows a schematic representation of a strand-shaped element arranged in a continuous recess by means of the method according to the invention.

1 and 2 show an exemplary adhesive element 16 in a preferred embodiment and a strand-shaped element 10 for use in a method according to the invention in different views. The strand-like element 10 provided for the arrangement is a sheathed bundle of cables in the example shown in FIG. 1, the casing serving to make handling of the strand-like element 10 easier, and in FIG. 2 a hose. The strand-like element 10 of FIG. 1 is part of a macrostructure, namely an extension of a complete wiring harness as provided for a motor vehicle, only a partial section being shown for reasons of clarity.

In the preferred example shown, the adhesive element 16 comprises an adhesive layer 18 and a cover layer 20, which are arranged one above the other and connected to one another. In this example, the adhesive layer 18 is formed from a foamed adhesive which is designed as a pressure-sensitive adhesive for the purpose of better application. The foamed PSA of the adhesive layer 18 comprises a synthetic rubber, for example, and is foamed, for example, by using a large number of expanded microballoons. In the example shown, the adhesive layer has an average thickness of 800 μm. The cover layer 20 of the adhesive element 16 provided to improve the handling properties is formed essentially from polyurethane in the example shown. However, other materials are also conceivable for the cover layer 20, in particular velor or fleece, which can be used, for example, for improved soundproofing. The adhesive element 16 is rectangular in the present example and has a punched through hole 22 with a round cross-section which extends through the adhesive layer 18 and the cover layer 20 and is intended for the strand-shaped element 10 to be passed through and arranged therein. As an alternative to punching, the through hole 22 can also be formed, for example, by mechanical loading of a perforation. The geometric center of the through hole 22 and that of the adhesive element 16 coincide, with the surface area of the through hole 22 being approximately 5% of the total surface area of the adhesive element 16 . In both figures, the middle cross-sectional area of the strand-like element 10 is designed to be significantly larger than the cross-sectional area of the through-hole 22 .

3 schematically shows a substrate 14, which in the present example is designed as a body element of a vehicle. The substrate 14 has a continuous recess 12 in which a linear element 10 can be arranged. More precisely, the substrate 14 is a curved indentation in a body element, at the base of which the continuous recess 12 is surrounded by a flattened edge area.

Based on this, Fig. 4 shows an adhesive element 16 attached to the substrate 14 via the adhesive layer 18. The adhesive element 16 is arranged in such a way that it completely covers the continuous recess 12 of the substrate 14 and the geometric center of the through hole 22 in the plan view on the geometric center of the continuous recess 12 is located. In this arrangement, there is an optimal contact area between the adhesive mass of the adhesive element 16 and the substrate 14 in the edge area of the continuous recess 12 , since the adhesive layer 18 of the adhesive element 16 that is coated over the entire area enables flexible adaptation to the substrate 14 .

Starting from FIG. 4, FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of the strand-like element 10 of FIG. 1 in the through-going recess 12 of the substrate 14 the through hole 22 of the adhesive member 16 out. Since the adhesive element 16 is designed to be non-destructive and essentially completely reversibly expandable and compressible, the strand-like element 10 , whose diameter is significantly larger than that of the through hole 22 , can nevertheless be reliably and easily arranged in the through recess 12 . In this configuration, the adhesive element 16 can not only protect the strand-shaped element 10 particularly efficiently against impacts, but can also close the continuous recess 12 in a liquid-tight manner. The latter is achieved in the example shown, among other things, in that a material connection is produced between the strand-like element 12 and the adhesive element 16 by the adhesive of the adhesive layer 18, since the adhesive makes contact with the entire circumference of the strand-like element 10 after it has been passed through. The elastic properties of the adhesive element 16 are illustrated by FIG. 6, which, starting from FIG correspond to the arrangement of the string-shaped element 10 in the through-hole 22 of the adhesive element 16, so that the arrangement could be used for the arrangement of another string-shaped element without changing components. The reversible increase in the cross-sectional area of the through hole 22 is approximately 400% in the present example.

7 shows a linear element 10 arranged in a continuous recess 12 by means of a preferred method according to the invention

10 is prepared over the entire circumference with an adhesive coating 24 before carrying out the method according to the invention, which, for example, comprises the same foamed adhesive mass as the adhesive layer 18 of the adhesive element 16 Method according to the invention until the adhesive coating 24 was arranged at the level of the adhesive element 16 and came into contact with its adhesive, so that a material connection was produced between the adhesive in the adhesive element 16 and the adhesive coating 24 .

Reference List

10 strand-shaped element

12 Continuous recess

14 substrate 16 adhesive element

18 adhesive layer

20 top layer

22 through hole

24 Adhesive Wrap

Claims

Claims Method for arranging a linear element (10) in a continuous recess (12) of a substrate (14), comprising the method steps: a) producing or providing an adhesive element (16), comprising an adhesive layer (18) made of an adhesive and optionally at least a further layer, the adhesive element (16) having a through hole (22) or a pre-weakening for producing a through hole, b) gluing the adhesive element (16) by means of the adhesive layer (18) to a substrate (14) which has at least one continuous recess (12), wherein the adhesive element (16) at least partially covers the through-hole (12) and wherein the through-hole (22) or the pre-weakening for producing a through-hole lies at least partially over the through-hole (12), and c) carrying out a strand-like element (10) through the through-hole (22) of the adhesive element (16) or the pre-weakening to produce a through-hole, the through-hole being formed when it is passed through, and the through-going recess (12) of the substrate (14) for arranging the strand-like element (10 ) in the continuous recess (12) of the substrate (14), the adhesive element (16) being set up in such a way that the cross-sectional area of the through-hole (22) when the linear element (10) is passed through is essentially non-destructive and at least partially reversible by 50% , preferably can be increased by 100% or more. Method according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive element comprises a cover layer (20) arranged on the adhesive layer and the through-hole extends through the cover layer (20) and preferably the adhesive layer (18), the cover layer preferably comprising a foam, more preferably a foam of a material selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, polyethylenes and polypropylenes. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the adhesive is a foamed adhesive, wherein the adhesive preferably comprises one or more components selected from the group consisting of hollow spheres and at least partially expanded microballoons. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the adhesion of the adhesive element (16) is carried out such that the contact area between the adhesive layer (18) and the substrate (14) is 25% or more, preferably 50% or more, particularly preferably 75% or more, most preferably 100% or more, of the cross-sectional area of the continuous recess (12).

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the gluing of the adhesive element (16) takes place in such a way that the substrate (14) at the edge of the continuous recess (12) over 90% or more of the circumference, preferably over 99% or more , particularly preferably essentially over the entire circumference, is covered by the adhesive element (16).

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the average cross-sectional area of the through-hole (22) guided part of the linear element (10), preferably the average cross-sectional area of the linear element (10), by 50% or more, preferably by 50% 100% or more, more preferably 200% or more, more preferably 300% or more, most preferably 400% or more, is larger than the cross-sectional area of the through hole (22) before the string-shaped element (10) is passed through.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cross-sectional area of the through hole (22) when the linear element (10) is passed through increases by 50% or more, preferably by 100% or more, more preferably by 200% or more, particularly preferably by 300% % or more, most preferably 400% or more.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the strand-like element (10) after the arrangement over 80% or more of the circumference, preferably 90% or more, particularly preferably 98% or more, particularly preferably substantially over the entire circumference , Is contacted by the adhesive of the adhesive element (16).

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the strand-like element (10) has an adhesive coating in sections over at least part of the circumference, preferably over 90% or more, particularly preferably 98% or more, preferably essentially over the entire circumference (24) composed of a second adhesive, the implementation in method step c) being carried out in such a way that the adhesive of the adhesive element (16) contacts the second adhesive of the adhesive sheathing (24) after the arrangement, in order to separate the adhesive element (16) and the adhesive sheathing (24) to create a material connection.

10. Adhesive element (16) for use in a method according to one of claims 1 to 9, comprising an adhesive layer (18) made of an adhesive composition and preferably also a cover layer (20) arranged on the adhesive layer (18), wherein the adhesive element (16 ) a through hole (22) or a pre-weakening to produce a through hole (22), in particular in the form of a perforation, which is set up to form a through hole (22) under mechanical stress, which extends through the adhesive layer (18) and the cover layer (20) that may be present, the adhesive element (16) being set up for this that the cross-sectional area of the through-hole (22) can be increased by 100% or more essentially non-destructively and at least partially reversibly when a linear element (10) is passed through.