WO2023151294A1 - 一种非粮型单胃动物饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种非粮型单胃动物饲料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2023151294A1
WO2023151294A1 PCT/CN2022/124337 CN2022124337W WO2023151294A1 WO 2023151294 A1 WO2023151294 A1 WO 2023151294A1 CN 2022124337 W CN2022124337 W CN 2022124337W WO 2023151294 A1 WO2023151294 A1 WO 2023151294A1
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powder
grain
parts
steam
animal feed
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PCT/CN2022/124337
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘祥义
皋玉功
包永平
侯英
徐娟
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紫茎泽兰中医农业科技(云南)有限公司
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Publication of WO2023151294A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023151294A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
    • A23L5/21—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by heating without chemical treatment, e.g. steam treatment, cooking

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and in particular relates to a non-grain type monogastric animal feed and a preparation method thereof.
  • Livestock and poultry meat is one of the sources of nutrition for human beings to survive. With the gradual improvement of people's living standards, people's demand for livestock and poultry meat is also increasing. Breeding is the pillar industry of traditional animal husbandry, and plays an important role in meat processing, tanning, pharmaceuticals and other industries.
  • Eupatorium adenophora Spreng. also known as Liberation Grass, Red Deer Grass, Destruction Grass, Airplane Grass, and Eupatorium Eupatorium, is a perennial clustered semi-shrub herb of the Compositae family. It is a world with strong vitality and destructive power. Sexual poisonous weeds; Since it was introduced into the south of my country in the last century, it has caused great harm to my country's agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and animal husbandry. Eupatorium adenophorum grows rapidly, has strong reproductive ability, and spreads rapidly. It is easy to form a large group, repel the growth of other plants, and seriously damage biological diversity.
  • the dry matter of Eupatorium adenophorum stems and leaves contains rich nutrients, including 8.7-13.3% crude protein, 4.0-6.4% crude fat, 51.0-62.7% nitrogen-free extract and 13.3-21.80% crude fiber.
  • the protein content is equivalent to that of corn and wheat ears, more than twice that of straw and other straws, and the crude fiber content is only 1/3 ⁇ 1/2 of straw. From the perspective of its nutritional characteristics, it can be used not only for cattle, sheep and other herbivores , and can also be used for monogastric animals such as pigs and chickens. It has considerable nutritional potential and is a grain-saving grass powder feed.
  • Acertruncatum Bunge also known as Acer agaricus or Maple pentagon, is a plant of the genus Acer in the Aceraceae family. It is a high-efficiency economic tree species integrating medicine, food, chemical industry, ecology and ornamental value.
  • the crude protein content of Yuanbao maple leaf is 13.42%, the amino acid is 11.79g/100gDW; the SOD content is 104.40 ⁇ g/gFW.
  • the VE content is 16.13mg/gFW, the ash content is 9.61%, the total flavonoid content is 5.23%, and the chlorogenic acid content is 3.68%, which can improve the growth performance of animals, increase the antioxidant capacity and non-specific immunity, and reduce the stress response of animals.
  • Leaf-eating grass (Rumex dapibusherbaby.), also known as leaf-eating vegetables and protein grass, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Rumex dapibusherbaby. The protein content is 36.0% ⁇ 48.7%.
  • Leafgrass is very rich in mineral elements, which are the necessary components for animal growth and development: P, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se. The content of Fe is much higher than that of fishmeal and soybean cake; the content of Mn, Cu and Zn is higher than that of fishmeal and soybean cake.
  • Grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.), also known as Qiansuigu, is an annual grain, feed, and vegetable crop of the family Amaranthaceae.
  • the dry product contains 14.4-21.8% crude protein, 0.76% crude fat, 18.7% crude fiber, 33.8% nitrogen-free extract, and 20% crude ash.
  • the crude protein content of grain amaranth varies greatly in different growth stages.
  • the present invention adopts the grain amaranth grown for 4 to 5 weeks.
  • the invention overcomes the deficiencies or defects of the existing fermented straw feed technology, provides a non-grain type monogastric animal feed and a preparation method thereof, uses steam explosion technology to process Eupatorium adenophorum or grain amaranth, and removes Eupatorium adenophorum
  • the toxin also breaks the hydrogen bond between cellulose and hemicellulose, the crystalline structure of cellulose is destroyed, the degree of polymerization is reduced, and the saccharification efficiency is improved; at the same time, Eupatorium adenophorum is used as a resource.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a non-grain monogastric animal feed; the second object is to provide a preparation method of the non-grain monogastric animal feed.
  • the first object of the present invention is achieved in that the non-grain type monogastric animal feed comprises 200-800 parts by weight of steam-exploded Eupatorium adenophorum powder, 200-500 parts of steam-exploded grain amaranth powder, leaf-eating grass Powder 200 ⁇ 400 parts, Yuanbao maple leaf powder 10 ⁇ 50 parts, premix 10 ⁇ 50 parts.
  • the second object of the present invention is achieved in this way, and it is obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials in the formulation ratio.
  • non-grain type monogastric animal feed of the present invention by weight, 200-800 parts of Eupatorium adenophorum powder after steam explosion, 200-500 parts of grain amaranth powder after steam explosion, and 200-400 parts of leaf-eating grass powder , 10-50 parts of Yuanbao maple leaf powder, 10-50 parts of premix, mixed uniformly and pulverized to prepare.
  • in parts by weight there are 480 parts of Eupatorium adenophorum powder after steam explosion, 360 parts of grain amaranth powder after steam explosion, 260 parts of leaf-eating grass powder, 31 parts of ingot maple leaf powder, and 32 parts of premix.
  • the premixed material is in parts by weight, including 20-35 parts of stone powder, 12-25 parts of trace elements, 15-25 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 18-25 parts of table salt, and 4-6 parts of vitamins.
  • the steam-exploded Eupatoria adenophorum powder is crushed and sieved from the above-ground part of dried Eupatorium adenophorum and filled into a steam explosion device, and then exploded instantly under a pressure of 1.2-3.0 MPa for 20-200 seconds to obtain toxic ingredients.
  • EuptoxA removal rate of 95 ⁇ 100% steam-exploded Eupatoria adenophorum powder.
  • the steam-exploded grain amaranth powder is obtained by crushing the stems and leaves of the above-ground part of the grain amaranth grown for 4 to 5 weeks, and filling it into a steam explosion device. Popped amaranth powder; the crude protein content is 18 ⁇ 1.7%.
  • the leaf-eating grass powder is dry powder ground from dried leaf-eating grass, and the crude protein content is 43 ⁇ 0.8%.
  • the ingot maple leaf powder is dried and ground ingot maple leaf powder, with a crude protein content of 11 ⁇ 0.7%, a total flavonoid content of 2.36%, and a chlorogenic acid content of 1.68%.
  • the preparation method of the non-grain type monogastric animal feed the preparation steps are as follows:
  • the invention produces non-grain type monogastric animal feed, adopts Eupatorium adenophorum, grain amaranth, leaf-eating grass, etc. to replace all corn, soybean meal and other raw materials in the monogastric animal feed, which can save food, reduce breeding costs, and can effectively alleviate the current problems.
  • the serious shortage of protein feed resources in my country is a contradiction.
  • Each monogastric animal can save 1/3 ⁇ 1/4 of the feed cost, significantly improving the economic benefits of breeding.
  • the present invention adopts Eupatorium adenophorum, grain amaranth, leaf-eating grass, etc. to replace protein feed and energy feed in the feed of monogastric animals. To a certain extent, it can reduce the damage of Eupatorium adenophorum to the ecological environment, and can also realize the transformation of evil into wealth. At the same time, it also has the functions of enhancing immunity, promoting growth, and improving the breeding environment. Adding Yuanbao maple leaf powder can improve the growth performance of animals and improve the disease resistance of livestock and poultry.
  • the non-grain type monogastric animal feed of the present invention comprises 200-800 parts by weight of steam-exploded Eupatorium adenophorum powder, 200-500 parts of steam-exploded grain amaranth powder, 200-400 parts of leaf-eating grass powder, and ingot maple leaf powder 10 ⁇ 50 copies.
  • the non-grain feed for monogastric animals also includes 10-50 parts by weight of premix.
  • the premixed material includes 20-35 parts by weight of stone powder, 12-25 parts of trace elements, 15-25 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 18-25 parts of table salt, and 4-6 parts of vitamins.
  • the steam-exploded Eupatoria adenophorum powder is crushed and sieved from the above-ground part of dried Eupatorium adenophorum and filled into a steam explosion device, and then exploded instantly under a pressure of 1.2-3.0 MPa for 20-200 seconds to obtain toxic ingredients.
  • the removal rate of EuptoxA is 95 ⁇ 100%
  • the target product is steam-exploded Eupatoria adenophorum powder with low lignin and improved bioavailability.
  • the steam-exploded grain amaranth powder is the steam-exploded grain obtained by crushing the stems and leaves of the above-ground part of the grain amaranth grown for 4 to 5 weeks, filling it into a steam explosion device, and then blasting it under a pressure of 1.2-3.0 MPa for 20-200 seconds.
  • Amaranth powder; the crude protein content is 18 ⁇ 1.7%.
  • the leaf-eating grass powder is dry powder ground from dried leaf-eating grass, and the crude protein content is 46 ⁇ 0.8%.
  • the ingot maple leaf powder is dried and ground ingot maple leaves, with a crude protein content of 11 ⁇ 0.7%, a total flavonoid content of 2.1-2.5%, and a chlorogenic acid content of 1.5-1.8%.
  • the preparation method of the non-grain type monogastric animal feed of the present invention is prepared by uniformly mixing the raw materials in the formula ratio.
  • Shade-dried, sun-dried or dried leaf-eating grasses are pulverized and passed through a 60-mesh sieve.
  • the dried Eupatorium adenophorum and grain amaranth were pulverized respectively, and passed through a 10 mm sieve.
  • Product processing 480 parts of Eupatorium adenophorum powder after steam explosion, 360 parts of grain amaranth powder after steam explosion, 260 parts of leaf-eating grass powder, 31 parts of Yuanbao maple leaf powder, and 32 parts of premix are mixed evenly in a feed mixer to obtain powder Feed for non-grain monogastric animals.
  • a granular feed granulator under the condition of a compression ratio of 5:1, the uniformly mixed powdery material is granulated to obtain a granular non-grain type monogastric animal feed.
  • Shade-dried, sun-dried or dried leaf-eating grasses are pulverized and passed through a 60-mesh sieve.
  • the dried Eupatorium adenophorum and grain amaranth are pulverized respectively, and passed through a 10mm sieve.
  • Product processing 800 parts of Eupatorium adenophorum powder after steam explosion, 500 parts of grain amaranth powder after steam explosion, 400 parts of leaf-eating grass powder, 45 parts of Yuanbao maple leaf powder, and 40 parts of premix are mixed evenly in a feed mixer to obtain powder Feed for non-grain monogastric animals.
  • a feed mixer Using a granular feed granulator, under the condition of a compression ratio of 5:1, the uniformly mixed powdery material is granulated to obtain a granular non-grain type monogastric animal feed.
  • Shade-dried, sun-dried or dried leaf-eating grasses are pulverized and passed through a 60-mesh sieve.
  • the dried Eupatorium adenophorum and grain amaranth are pulverized respectively, and passed through a 10mm sieve.
  • Shade-dried, sun-dried or dried leaf-eating grasses are pulverized and passed through a 60-mesh sieve.
  • the dried Eupatorium adenophorum and grain amaranth are pulverized respectively, and passed through a 10mm sieve.
  • Product processing 700 parts of Eupatorium adenophorum powder after steam explosion, 200 parts of grain amaranth powder after steam explosion, 400 parts of leaf-eating grass powder, 45 parts of Yuanbao maple leaf powder, and 50 parts of premix are mixed evenly in a feed mixer to obtain powder Feed for non-grain monogastric animals.
  • a feed mixer Using a granular feed granulator, under the condition of a compression ratio of 5:1, the uniformly mixed powdery material is granulated to obtain a granular non-grain type monogastric animal feed.
  • 240 healthy Wuding Zhuang chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 3 repetitions in each group and 40 chickens in each repetition.
  • the control group was fed mid-term compound feed for broiler chickens produced and sold by Yunnan Youding Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the test group was fed the feed described in Example 1.
  • the chickens had free access to food and adequate drinking water.
  • the pre-test period is 5 days, and the main test period is 40 days.
  • the body weight of each chicken was recorded before the start of the experiment, and the health status, body weight, morbidity and death, and feces were recorded every day in the experiment.
  • the average daily weight gain of Wuding Zhuang chickens in the test group was 29 g, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ⁇ 0.05).
  • the feed of the present invention can obviously improve the fattening effect of Wuding strong chicken.
  • only 1 chicken died during the feeding period using the feed of Example 1 of the present invention while 4 chickens died during the feeding period using the comparative feed.
  • adopting the feed described in the present invention can satisfy all kinds of nutrients required in the growth process of Dianwu Dingzhuang chicken, and can significantly enhance the immunity and disease resistance of the chicken.
  • the chickens are lively and strong, the chicken coop has no ammonia smell, and the chicken manure has no odor. It shows that the feed produced by the method of the invention can completely replace the traditional full-price feed, and the feeding effect is better than that of the traditional full-price feed.

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Abstract

一种非粮型单胃动物饲料及其制备方法，所述非粮型单胃动物饲料是以蒸汽汽爆后的紫茎泽兰和籽粒苋为主要原料；按重量份计，紫茎泽兰粉200-800份、籽粒苋粉200-500份、食叶草粉200-400份、元宝枫叶粉10-50份、预混料10-50份，混合均匀制备而得。

Description

一种非粮型单胃动物饲料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于饲料加工技术领域，具体涉及一种非粮型单胃动物饲料及其制备方法。
 背景技术
畜禽肉是人类赖以生存的营养来源之一，随着人们生活水平逐渐提高，人们在畜禽肉需求也越来越大。养殖业是传统畜牧业的支柱产业，在肉食加工、制革、制药等行业中起到了重要作用。
据预测，2030年我国粮食的总需求将达7.43亿吨，超过目前生产能力的50％。随着畜牧业的不断扩大，未来将有50％粮食被用作动物饲料。因此，未来中国的粮食问题，就是解决养殖业所需的饲料用粮问题。“人畜争粮”矛盾日益激烈，特别是在世界人口迅速增长的今天，如何解决这个矛盾变得越来越重要。研究不同结构碳水化合物(如非淀粉多糖)的消化代谢利用规律和合理加工替代传统的能量原料，是畜牧饲料资源开发的热点之一。
紫茎泽兰（EupatoriumadenophoraSpreng.）又名解放草、马鹿草、破坏草、飞机草、大泽兰，为菊科多年丛生型半灌木草本植物，是一种生命力和破坏力都极强的世界性有毒杂草；自上世纪传入我国南部以来，对我国的农林牧畜业危害极大。紫茎泽兰生长迅速，繁殖能力强，蔓延迅速，极易形成庞大的群体，排斥其他植物的生长，严重破坏生物的多样性。但紫茎泽兰茎叶中干物质中含有丰富的营养物质，其中粗蛋白质8.7~13.3%、粗脂肪4.0~6.4%、无氮浸岀物51.0~62.7%和粗纤维13.3~21.80%其粗蛋白含量与玉米、麦穗相当，是稻草等秸杆的2倍以上，而粗纤维含量仅为稻草1/3~1/2，从其营养特性来看不仅可用于牛、羊等食草动物，而且也可以用于猪、鸡等单胃动物，颇具营养潜力，是节粮型草粉饲料。
元宝枫（AcertruncatumBunge）又名元宝槭、五角枫，是槭树科槭树属植物，因翅果形状像中国古代“金锭”而得名。它是集医药、食品、化工、生态和观赏价值于一身的高效经济树种，元宝枫叶粗蛋白含量为13.42%,氨基酸为11.79g/100gDW；SOD含量104.40μg/gFW。VE含量16.13mg/gFW，灰分9.61%，总黄酮含量5.23%,绿原酸含量3.68%，可以改善动物的生长性能，提高抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫能力，降低动物应激反应。
食叶草（Rumexdapibusherbaby.）又名食叶菜、蛋白草，蓼科酸模属多年生宿根草本植物，蛋白质含量达36.0%~48.7%，含有人和动物必须的十八种氨基酸高达35.0%以上，食叶草含有的矿物质元素非常丰富，是动物生长发育的必要组分P、Ca、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Se。Fe含量远远高出鱼粉和豆饼；Mn、Cu、Zn含量超过鱼粉和豆饼。
籽粒苋（AmaranthushypochondriacusL.）又名千穗谷，是苋科苋属一年生粮、饲、菜兼用型作物。干品中含粗蛋白质14.4~21.8%，粗脂肪0.76%，粗纤维18.7%，无氮浸出物33.8%，粗灰分20%，不同生育阶段，籽粒苋的粗蛋白含量差别大。本发明采用生长4~5周的籽粒苋。
我国西南地区具有丰富的紫茎泽兰资源，原料充足。开展紫茎泽兰的饲料化利用，可在一定程度上控制其野生资源的肆意蔓延，减轻紫茎泽兰对生态环境的破坏程度，而且还可以实现变恶为宝，发挥较大的经济效益和生态效益。
目前没有文献用汽爆法对紫茎泽兰进行脱毒处理后用做饲料的报道。
 技术解决方案
本发明克服现有发酵秸秆饲料技术的不足或缺陷，提供一种非粮型单胃动物饲料及其制备方法，利用蒸汽汽爆技术处理紫茎泽兰或籽粒苋，既脱除了紫茎泽兰毒素，又打断纤维素和半纤维素间的氢键，纤维素的结晶结构被破坏，聚合度降低，糖化效率提高的植物材料；同时资源化利用了紫茎泽兰。
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种非粮型单胃动物饲料；第二目的在于提供所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料的制备方法。
本发明的第一目的是这样实现的，所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料包括重量份的汽爆紫茎泽兰粉200~800份、汽爆籽粒苋粉200~500份、食叶草粉200~400份、元宝枫叶粉10~50份、预混料10~50份。
本发明的第二目的是这样实现的，将配方配比的各原料混合均匀制备得到。
本发明所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料，按重量份计，汽爆后紫茎泽兰粉200~800份，汽爆后籽粒苋粉200~500份，食叶草粉200~400份，元宝枫叶粉10~50份，预混料10~50份，混合均匀粉碎制备而得。
优选地，按重量份计，汽爆后紫茎泽兰粉380~620份，汽爆后籽粒苋粉310~410份，食叶草粉240~310份，元宝枫叶粉20~40份、预混料10~40份。
优选地，按重量份计，汽爆后紫茎泽兰粉480份，汽爆后籽粒苋粉360份，食叶草粉260份，元宝枫叶粉31份，预混料32份。
所述的预混料以重量份为单位，石粉20~35份，微量元素12~25份，磷酸氢钙15~25份，食盐18~25份，维生素4~6份。
所述的汽爆紫茎泽兰粉是以干燥的紫茎泽兰的地上部分粉碎过筛后填入汽爆装置中，在压力1.2~3.0MPa下维压20~200s后瞬间爆破得到毒性成分EuptoxA去除率为95~100%的汽爆紫茎泽兰粉。
所述的汽爆籽粒苋粉是以生长4~5周的籽粒苋地上部分茎叶，粉碎后填入汽爆装置中，在压力1.2~3.0MPa下维压20~200s后瞬间爆破得到的汽爆籽粒苋粉；其中粗蛋白质含量为18±1.7%。
所述食叶草粉为食叶草干燥后磨成的干粉，粗蛋白含量为43±0.8%。
所述元宝枫叶粉为元宝枫叶晾干磨成的干粉，粗蛋白含量为11±0.7%,总黄酮含量2.36%,绿原酸含量1.68%。
所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
S1、将干燥的紫茎泽兰或籽粒苋的地上部分分别粉碎过筛得到物料a。
S2、将物料a填入汽爆装置中，在压力1.2~3.0MPa下维压20~200s后瞬间爆破。经蒸汽汽爆处理后得到紫茎泽兰毒性成分EuptoxA的去除率为96-100%的紫茎泽兰，同时得到木质素低，生物利用度提升的紫茎泽兰或籽粒苋粉。
S3、配制全混合饲料：采用饲料混合机，将汽爆后的紫茎泽兰粉和籽粒苋粉、食叶草粉、元宝枫叶粉、预混料按比例混合均匀制备而得。
S4制备颗粒饲料：采用颗粒饲料制粒机，在压缩比为5:1的条件下，将混合均匀的原预混料制粒成型。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、成本降低，节约粮食。本发明生产非粮型单胃动物饲料，采用紫茎泽兰、籽粒苋、食叶草等代替单胃动物饲料中的全部玉米、豆粕等原料，可以节约粮食，降低养殖成本，能有效缓解目前我国蛋白质饲料资源严重短缺的矛盾。每头单胃动物可节约饲料费1/3~1/4，显著提高养殖的经济效益。
2、变恶为宝，资源利用，本发明采用紫茎泽兰、籽粒苋、食叶草等代替单胃动物饲料中的蛋白饲料和能量饲料，不仅资源化利用了紫茎泽兰，在一定程度上减轻紫茎泽兰对生态环境的破坏程度，而且还可以实现变恶为宝，同时还具有增强免疫、促进生长、改善养殖环境等作用。添加元宝枫叶粉，可以改善动物的生长性能，提高畜禽抗病能力。
3、采用蒸汽爆破技术处理紫茎泽兰，能有效脱除紫茎泽兰毒素（9-羰基-10.11-去氢-泽兰酮）EuptoxA，使得紫茎泽兰中的总纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量显著下降，生物利用度大大提升，同时蒸汽爆破技术处理紫茎泽兰脱毒时间短，功效高，能耗减低，易于工业化生产。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但不以任何方式对本发明加以限制，基于本发明教导所作的任何变换或替换，均属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料包括重量份的汽爆紫茎泽兰粉200~800份、汽爆籽粒苋粉200~500份、食叶草粉200~400份、元宝枫叶粉10~50份。
所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料还包括重量份的预混料10~50份。
所述的预混料包括重量份的石粉20~35份、微量元素12~25份、磷酸氢钙15~25份、食盐18~25份、维生素4~6份。
所述的汽爆紫茎泽兰粉是以干燥的紫茎泽兰的地上部分粉碎过筛后填入汽爆装置中，在压力1.2~3.0MPa下维压20~200s后瞬间爆破得到毒性成分EuptoxA去除率为95~100%，木质素低，生物利用度提升的目标产品汽爆紫茎泽兰粉。
所述的汽爆籽粒苋粉为生长4~5周的籽粒苋地上部分茎叶粉碎后填入汽爆装置中，在压力1.2~3.0MPa下维压20~200s后瞬间爆破得到的汽爆籽粒苋粉；其中含粗蛋白质为18±1.7%。
所述的食叶草粉为食叶草干燥后磨成的干粉，粗蛋白含量为46±0.8%。
所述的元宝枫叶粉为元宝枫叶晾干磨成的干粉，粗蛋白含量为11±0.7%，总黄酮含量2.1~2.5%，绿原酸含量1.5~1.8%。
本发明所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料的制备方法是将配方配比的各原料混合均匀制备得到。
下面以具体实施案例对本发明做进一步说明：
实施例1
原料制备
S1、荫干元宝枫叶粉碎，过60目分筛。
S2、荫干、晒干或烘干的食叶草粉碎，过60目分筛。
S3、干燥得紫茎泽兰、籽粒苋分别粉碎，过10mm分筛。
S4、将粉碎的紫茎泽兰填入汽爆装置中，在压力1.9MPa下维压50s后瞬间爆破，得到紫茎泽兰毒性成分EuptoxA去除率为98.9%的紫茎泽兰，进一步干燥，粉碎，过60目分筛。
S5、将粉碎的籽粒苋填入汽爆装置中，在压力1.8MPa下维压70s后瞬间爆破，得到的籽粒苋进一步干燥，粉碎，过60目分筛。
产品加工将汽爆后紫茎泽兰粉480份，汽爆后籽粒苋粉360份，食叶草粉260份，元宝枫叶粉31份，预混料32份在饲料混合机混合均匀，得到粉状非粮型单胃动物饲料。采用颗粒饲料制粒机，在压缩比为5:1的条件下，将混合均匀的粉状料制粒成型，得到颗粒状非粮型单胃动物饲料。
实施例2
原料制备
S1、荫干元宝枫叶粉碎，过60目分筛。
S2、荫干、晒干或烘干的食叶草粉碎，过60目分筛。
S3、干燥后的紫茎泽兰、籽粒苋分别粉碎，过10mm分筛。
S4、将粉碎的紫茎泽兰填入汽爆装置中，在压力3.0MPa下维压20s后瞬间爆破。得到紫茎泽兰毒性成分EuptoxA去除率为100%的紫茎泽兰，进一步干燥，粉碎，过60目分筛。
S5、将粉碎的籽粒苋填入汽爆装置中，在压力2.5MPa下维压40s后瞬间爆破。得到的籽粒苋进一步干燥，粉碎，过60目分筛。
产品加工将汽爆后紫茎泽兰粉800份，汽爆后籽粒苋粉500份，食叶草粉400份，元宝枫叶粉45份，预混料40份在饲料混合机混合均匀，得到粉状非粮型单胃动物饲料。采用颗粒饲料制粒机，在压缩比为5:1的条件下，将混合均匀的粉状料制粒成型，得到颗粒状非粮型单胃动物饲料。
实施例3
原料制备
S1、荫干元宝枫叶粉碎，过60目分筛。
S2、荫干、晒干或烘干的食叶草粉碎，过60目分筛。
S3、干燥后的紫茎泽兰、籽粒苋分别粉碎，过10mm分筛。
S4、将粉碎的紫茎泽兰填入汽爆装置中，在压力1.4MPa下维压180s后瞬间爆破。得到紫茎泽兰毒性成分EuptoxA去除率为99.4%的紫茎泽兰，进一步干燥，粉碎，过60目分筛。
S5、将粉碎的籽粒苋填入汽爆装置中，在压力2.8MPa下维压30s后瞬间爆破。得到的籽粒苋进一步干燥，粉碎，过60目分筛。
产品加工将汽爆后紫茎泽兰粉200份，汽爆后籽粒苋粉200份，食叶草粉200份，元宝枫叶粉10份，预混料10份在饲料混合机混合均匀，得到粉状非粮型单胃动物饲料。采用颗粒饲料制粒机，在压缩比为5:1的条件下，将混合均匀的粉状料制粒成型，得到颗粒状非粮型单胃动物饲料。
实施例4
原料制备
S1、荫干元宝枫叶粉碎，过60目分筛。
S2、荫干、晒干或烘干的食叶草粉碎，过60目分筛。
S3、干燥后的紫茎泽兰、籽粒苋分别粉碎，过10mm分筛。
S4、将粉碎的紫茎泽兰填入汽爆装置中，在压力2.4MPa下维压30s后瞬间爆破。得到紫茎泽兰毒性成分EuptoxA去除率为99.7%的紫茎泽兰，进一步干燥，粉碎，过60目分筛。
S5、将粉碎的籽粒苋填入汽爆装置中，在压力1.2MPa下维压200s后瞬间爆破。得到的籽粒苋进一步干燥，粉碎，过60目分筛。
产品加工将汽爆后紫茎泽兰粉700份，汽爆后籽粒苋粉200份，食叶草粉400份，元宝枫叶粉45份，预混料50份在饲料混合机混合均匀，得到粉状非粮型单胃动物饲料。采用颗粒饲料制粒机，在压缩比为5:1的条件下，将混合均匀的粉状料制粒成型，得到颗粒状非粮型单胃动物饲料。
饲喂试验
试验1滇陆杂交猪饲喂试验
采用随机区组试验设计，按照体重相近的原则，将54头健康的滇陆杂交猪随机分为2组，每组3个重复，每个重复9头猪，自由釆食的方法，对照组饲喂云南优鼎生物科技有限公司产销的中猪配合饲料，试验组饲喂实施例1所述的饲料。每日饲喂饲料次数、数量和时间均相同，预试期10d，正试期50d。试验开始前记录每头猪的体重，试验中每天记录健康状况、饲料采食量、体重及粪便情况。
根据增重情况以及成本投入情况，分析2组饲料对滇陆杂交猪的育肥效果及其经济效益，具体结果表1：
表1效果对比
由表1的结果可以看出，试验组滇陆杂交猪平均日增重达756g，显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。这表明本发明的饲料可以明显得提高滇陆杂交猪的育肥效果。
同时，利用本发明所述实施例1的饲料在饲喂期间没有猪发病现象，而采用对比饲料在饲喂期间1头猪有生病记录。由此可见，采用本发明所述的饲料，可满足滇陆杂交猪生长过程中所需的各类营养物质，经过饲养，能够显著增强猪的免疫力和抗病能力。同时猪只活泼强壮，猪舍无氨味，猪粪无臭味，蚊蝇明显减少。说明采用本发明方法生产的饲料完全可以取代传统全价饲料，并且饲养效果比传统全价饲料饲喂的效果更好。
试验2武定壮鸡饲喂实验
采用随机区组试验设计，按照体重相近的原则，将240只健康的武定壮鸡中鸡随机分为2组，每组3个重复，每个重复40只鸡。对照组饲喂云南优鼎生物科技有限公司产销的肉用仔鸡中期配合饲料，试验组饲喂实施例1所述的饲料。鸡自由采食，充足饮水。预试期5d，正试期40d。试验开始前记录每只鸡的体重，试验中每天记录健康状况、体重、发病死亡及粪便情况。
根据增重情况以及成本投入情况，分析2组饲料对武定壮鸡中鸡的育肥效果及其经济效益，具体结果表2：
表2效果对比
由表2的结果可以看出，试验组武定壮鸡中鸡平均日增重达29g，显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。这表明本发明的饲料可以明显的提升武定壮鸡中鸡的育肥效果。同时，利用本发明所述实施例1的饲料在饲喂期间仅有1只鸡死亡，而采用对比饲料在饲喂期间有4只鸡死亡。由此可见，采用本发明所述的饲料，可满足滇武定壮鸡中鸡生长过程中所需的各类营养物质，能够显著增强鸡的免疫力和抗病能力。同时鸡只活泼健壮，鸡舍无氨味，鸡粪无臭味。说明采用本发明方法生产的饲料完全可以取代传统全价饲料，并且饲养效果比传统全价饲料饲喂的效果更好。
最后，还需要注意的是，以上实施例仅用来说明本发明的详细方法，本发明并不局限于上述详细方法，即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细方法才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明白，对本发明的任何改进，对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等，均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种非粮型单胃动物饲料，其特征在于，所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料包括重量份的汽爆紫茎泽兰粉200~800份、汽爆籽粒苋粉200~500份、食叶草粉200~400份、元宝枫叶粉10~50份。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料，其特征在于，所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料还包括重量份的预混料10~50份。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料，其特征在于，所述的预混料包括重量份的石粉20~35份、微量元素12~25份、磷酸氢钙15~25份、食盐18~25份、维生素4~6份。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料，其特征在于，所述的汽爆紫茎泽兰粉是以干燥的紫茎泽兰的地上部分粉碎过筛后填入汽爆装置中，在压力1.2~3.0MPa下维压20~200s后瞬间爆破得到毒性成分Euptox A去除率为96~100%，木质素低，生物利用度提升的目标产品汽爆紫茎泽兰粉。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料，其特征在于，所述的籽粒苋粉为生长4~5周的籽粒苋地上部分茎叶干燥后磨成的干粉，粗蛋白含量为18±1.7%。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料，其特征在于，所述的汽爆籽粒苋粉是以籽粒苋粉填入汽爆装置中，在压力1.2~3.0MPa下维压20~200s后瞬间爆破得到目标产品汽爆籽粒苋粉。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料，其特征在于，所述的食叶草粉为食叶草干燥后磨成的干粉，粗蛋白含量为46±0.8%。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料，其特征在于，所述的元宝枫叶粉为元宝枫叶晾干磨成的干粉，粗蛋白含量为11±0.7%，总黄酮含量2.1~2.5%，绿原酸含量1.5~1.8%。
  9. 一种权利要求1~8任一所述的非粮型单胃动物饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，将配方配比的各原料混合均匀制备得到。
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