WO2023144459A1 - Procede de traitement des eaux d'arret et des boues de decrassage par carbonatation et decarbonatation au sein d'une installation chimique de nitruration en bain de sels fondus - Google Patents
Procede de traitement des eaux d'arret et des boues de decrassage par carbonatation et decarbonatation au sein d'une installation chimique de nitruration en bain de sels fondus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023144459A1 WO2023144459A1 PCT/FR2022/052055 FR2022052055W WO2023144459A1 WO 2023144459 A1 WO2023144459 A1 WO 2023144459A1 FR 2022052055 W FR2022052055 W FR 2022052055W WO 2023144459 A1 WO2023144459 A1 WO 2023144459A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- salts
- oxidation
- water
- decarbonation
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 150000005323 carbonate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 88
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 77
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 60
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000015 iron(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- ZJRWDIJRKKXMNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;cobalt Chemical compound [Co].OC(O)=O ZJRWDIJRKKXMNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000001 cobalt(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000011182 sodium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OVFCVRIJCCDFNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;copper Chemical compound [Cu].OC(O)=O OVFCVRIJCCDFNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(O)=O JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000009 copper(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011646 cupric carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019854 cupric carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001913 cyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
- C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
- C23C8/48—Nitriding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/58—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being applied in more than one step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a treatment process stop water, and sludge from the oxidation bath, to recover oxidation salts, carbonate salts and water, within a chemical installation for nitriding in a molten salt bath .
- TECHNICAL BACKGROUND In automotive, aeronautical or industrial applications, mechanical parts are generally subjected to significant stresses in service.
- the mechanical parts can receive treatments of a physico-chemical nature making it possible to improve some of their properties, among which appear in particular the properties of friction, the resistance to wear, the resistance to fatigue, the resistance to seizing, or resistance to corrosion.
- a known treatment of the state of the art is nitriding. Nitriding consists of immersing a ferrous metal part in a medium capable of yielding nitrogen, which may in particular be a bath of molten salts. In this text, nitriding also includes nitrocarburizing, which is a variant of nitriding, in which carbon diffuses into the part in addition to nitrogen.
- the ARCOR® process designed and implemented by the Applicant, is a preferred example of a nitriding process.
- FIG. 1 represents a nitriding installation in accordance with the state of the art
- such an installation 1 comprises several successive baths, among which, from upstream to downstream, a nitriding bath 2, a oxidation bath 3, and a stop bath 4, also called “water stop bath”.
- a degreasing bath 5 Upstream of the nitriding bath are usually provided a degreasing bath 5, one or more washing baths 6, and a drying device 7 such as an oven.
- Downstream of the stopping bath 4 are usually provided one or more washing baths 8, and a device 9 for drying the parts.
- the mechanical parts are first degreased, washed, and heated by passing successively through the degreasing bath 5, through the washing baths 6, and through the drying device 7 respectively.
- the parts are then immersed in the nitriding bath 2, which is a bath of molten salts, containing, among other things, carbonates.
- the addition of regenerating salts will lead to the transformation of the carbonates into cyanates which are the reactive species.
- Nitrogen (and possibly carbon) diffuses into the parts and precipitates in the form of nitrides, which leads to the formation of a combination layer comprising essentially iron nitrides (or other alloying elements), and a zone underlying diffusion in which the nitrogen is present between the iron atoms (solid solution) or the nitrogen reacts with the alloying elements contained in the steel to form nitrides.
- the combined effect of the combination layer and the diffusion layer makes it possible to obtain a nitrided part having good friction properties, as well as excellent wear resistance.
- the parts are immersed in the oxidation bath 3 comprising oxidizing salts, typically hydroxides and/or nitrates, to improve their resistance to corrosion and give them a uniform black appearance.
- the parts are immersed in the stop bath 4 which contains cold water, which stops the oxidation, then they are cleaned by several successive washes in the wash baths 8, before being dried in the drying device 9 and then discharged.
- the oxidation step is not required, the parts are transferred from the nitriding bath directly to a dedicated stopping bath.
- nitriding is an effective process for improving the properties of mechanical parts, it has the disadvantage of generating liquid and solid waste (sometimes called effluents), and requires water. This represents a non-negligible ecological impact, and can lead to high production costs, in particular due to the treatment of waste described below.
- ARCOR treatment nitriding salts are entrained by the parts and pollute the oxidation bath, then salts from the oxidation bath are entrained and transferred to the stopping water. Secondary chemical reactions also create sludge/waste within the treatment baths (nitriding and oxidation).
- the metals and metal oxides from the parts to be treated constitute insolubles.
- the carbonates constitute a large part of the insolubles.
- Sludge sludge is physically removed during regular maintenance operations.
- the liquid effluents E L are called “stop waters”. They are collected at the outlet of the stopping bath 4, and are generally sent to treatment plants or handled by companies specializing in the treatment of waste.
- the purchase costs of raw materials are also relatively high, so it is interesting to optimize consumption. Brief description of the invention Faced with this situation, the Applicant therefore sought a solution to reduce the environmental impact and control the costs associated with nitriding processes.
- the Applicant has particularly focused its research on the reduction of waste, and the limitation of the waste of both renewable resources such as water, and non-renewable resources such as the raw materials used in the nitriding and oxidation baths, that is to say the salts of nitriding and oxidation.
- the Applicant has succeeded in developing a treatment method making it possible to resolve all of the aforementioned drawbacks, and this without modifying the architecture of the nitriding chains, and therefore capable of being implemented on existing lines.
- the invention proposes a process for treating stop water (EL), and/or sludge sludge (ES ) from the oxidation bath, to recover oxidation salts and carbonates, within at least one nitriding installation in a molten salt bath comprising a nitriding bath, an oxidation bath, as well as a stop bath, the treatment method comprising: - a decarbonation method A comprising the following steps: decarbonation of stopping water and/or sludge by precipitation carbonate ions CO 3 2- , separation of a liquid phase containing oxidation salts and of a solid phase containing a precipitate of carbonate, recovery on the one hand of the oxidation salts and on the other hand of the carbonates, - a carbonation process B comprising the following steps: transformation of the hydroxide ions OH- of the stopping water and/or of the sludges into carbonate ions CO3 2- , separation of the water and the carbonate salts formed by the
- the stopping water at the outlet of the stopping bath and the sludge from the oxidation bath are treated, and preferably recycled in order to supply the oxidation bath with salts oxidation, the nitriding bath in carbonate salts, which are a component of the nitriding salts, and advantageously the stopping bath and/or the wash baths in water when a water recycling step such as described below is performed.
- the carbonate ions CO 3 2- come from the entrainment of salts from the nitriding bath and are formed in the reaction medium. They constitute a “contaminating” species for the oxidation bath.
- the objective of the decarbonation step is to eliminate the carbonates by precipitation, in order to be able to isolate the oxidizing species (nitrates and/or hydroxides) necessary for the proper functioning of the oxidation bath.
- the oxidation salts are recovered. The latter can then be reinjected into the oxidation bath or be upgraded, and the water is advantageously reinjected into the stop bath and/or the washing baths. In doing so, the oxidation and shutdown effluents supply the oxidation bath and advantageously the various water tanks.
- the sludge and/or sewage are freed from OH- hydroxide ions, the latter being components of the oxidation bath.
- the hydroxide ions are transformed into carbonate ions.
- the corresponding carbonate salts carbonate ions in the form of salts
- regenerating salts are injected into the nitriding bath.
- the latter convert carbonate ions (CO3) 2- into cyanate ions CNO-.
- the carbonate ions (CO3) 2- recycled are reinjected into the nitriding bath, they are converted into cyanate ions CNO- by the regenerating salts.
- the water is advantageously reinjected into the stopping bath and/or the rinsing/washing baths.
- the oxidation and stopping effluents supply the nitriding bath and advantageously the various water tanks, in particular the washing baths and/or the stopping bath.
- the recovery of oxidation salts and carbonate salts, and where appropriate the recycling of these, drastically reduces the environmental impact of the industrial nitriding process, by reducing solid and liquid waste while reusing the latter in order to feed the process, thereby reducing the quantities and costs of raw materials such as oxidizing salts and nitriding salts.
- the method of the invention therefore offers a double ecological and economic advantage.
- the parts may only undergo nitriding, without oxidation, in which case the stop bath is used to stop the nitriding reaction.
- the process of the invention does not apply to a nitriding line alone, without an oxidation bath, because in this case the recovery of the carbonates can be done by simple filtering of the stopping water.
- the nitriding installation can comprise several nitriding baths and/or several oxidation baths and/or several stop baths.
- the nitriding installation is used in this text in its most general sense. The different baths that it comprises can in practice be installed in the same place or in different places.
- process A can be performed with a first chemical installation in a first location
- process B can be performed with a second chemical installation in a second location different from the first.
- the same place can include several nitriding installations, that is to say several nitriding lines, each of the installations being able to implement one of the processes A and B or the two processes A and B.
- the decarbonation step can be carried out in particular in several ways: - decarbonation of stop water alone, or - decarbonation of sludge sludge previously leached in water, or more generally in an aqueous solution, for example l mains water or industrial water, or more generally in an aqueous solution, or - decarbonation of sludge sludge leached beforehand in stop water.
- the transformation step can be carried out in particular in several ways: - transformation of the hydroxide ions OH- of the sewage alone, or - transformation of the hydroxide ions OH- of the sludge, with at least beforehand, a solubilization of said hydroxide ions OH- by leaching of the sludge from sludge in water, or more generally in an aqueous solution, for example mains water or industrial water, or - transformation of the hydroxide ions OH- sludge sludge, with prior solubilization of said OH- hydroxide ions by leaching of the sludge sludge in the stopping water.
- the treatment method according to the invention has the following different characteristics taken alone or according to their technically possible combinations: - the decarbonation is carried out by reaction between the carbonate ions CO 3 2- and the monovalent or divalent cations chosen among: calcium ions Ca 2+ (precipitated CaCO 3 ), lithium Li + (precipitated Li 2 CaO 3 ), barium Ba 2+ (precipitated BaCO3), magnesium Mg 2+ (precipitated MgCO3), iron (II) Fe 2+ (precipitated FeCO3), copper Cu 2+ (precipitated CuCO3), manganese Mn 2+ (precipitated MnCO3), cobalt Co 2+ (precipitated CoCO 3 ), or mixtures thereof.
- the carbonate ions CO 3 2- the monovalent or divalent cations chosen among: calcium ions Ca 2+ (precipitated CaCO 3 ), lithium Li + (precipitated Li 2 CaO 3 ), barium Ba 2+ (precipitated BaCO3), magnesium Mg 2
- the poorly soluble species capable of precipitating in solution are targeted; - the decarbonation of process A is carried out with hydroxides and/or nitrates of alkali metals and/or alkaline-earth metals in order to form carbonates of these alkali metals and/or alkaline-earth metals; - the decarbonation of process A is carried out with lime Ca(OH)2 and/or calcium nitrate Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , to form a precipitate of calcium carbonate CaCO3, according to one and/or other of the following reactions (1) and (2) respectively: [Chem.1] [Chem.2]
- the choice of the decarbonation reaction makes it possible to select the carbonate that one wishes to produce (according to the cation used) for recovery and/or recycling.
- Method A of decarbonation further comprises, before the decarbonation step, a step of leaching the sludge from sludge by adding water; - the lixiviation of the sludges of sludge is carried out at least partly with stop water; - Decarbonation process A further comprises, before the decarbonation step, a step of separating the metal particles or metal oxides present in the stopping water and/or the sludge, for example by filtration.
- the stage of separation of the liquid phase and the solid phase of process A of decarbonation is carried out by decantation then filtration;
- the decarbonation process A further comprises, after the step of separating the liquid phase and the solid phase, a step of separating the water and the oxidation salts in the liquid phase, to recover the salts of oxidation in solid form;
- the separation of water and oxidation salts in the liquid phase is carried out by drying the liquid phase, for example in a vacuum evaporator;
- Method A of decarbonation further comprises, after the step of separating the liquid phase and the solid phase, a step of reinjecting the oxidation salts into the oxidation bath.
- the step of reinjecting the oxidation salts is carried out after the latter;
- Decarbonation process A further comprises, after the separation of the water and the oxidation salts, a step of recycling the water to the stop bath and/or at least one washing bath;
- the transformation step of process B is carried out by reacting hydroxide ions OH- with carbon dioxide CO2, to form carbonate ions CO 3 2- and water, according to the following reaction (3): [Chem .3] - the carbonation process B comprises, before the transformation of the hydroxide ions OH- into carbonate ions CO 3 2- , a stage of separation of the metal particles or metal oxides present in the stopping water and/or the sludge, advantageously by filtration.
- - in method B of carbonation the stage of separation of water and carbonate salts is carried out by filtration and/or drying; - the carbonation process B further comprises, after the separation of the water and the carbonate salts, a step of recycling the water to the stopping bath and/or at least one washing bath; - the carbonation method B further comprises, after the separation of the water and the carbonate salts, a step of reinjecting the carbonate salts into the nitriding bath; - the carbonation process B comprises, before the reinjection of the carbonate salts into the nitriding bath, a step of readjusting the contents of the cations to the contents of the nitriding bath, to make them compatible with the nitriding salts.
- This step consists in practice in adding alkali metal carbonates (for example lithium, sodium or potassium carbonates) to the carbonate salts obtained, to make the contents correspond to the contents. experiments of carbonate salts in the nitriding bath. It makes it possible to maintain a ratio of the various cations that is substantially constant, or at least to limit the variations thereof.
- alkali metal carbonates for example lithium, sodium or potassium carbonates
- the nitriding bath comprises cyanate ions CNO- and carbonate ions CO3 2- ; - the nitriding bath further comprises alkali metal ions, preferably lithium Li + ions, and/or potassium K + ions, and/or sodium Na + ions; - the oxidation bath comprises hydroxide ions OH- and/or nitrate ions NO3-, and optionally carbonate ions.
- FIG.1 is a diagram which illustrates an industrial installation for nitriding in a bath of molten salts in accordance with the state of the art.
- FIG.2 Figure 2 is a diagram which illustrates an industrial nitriding installation in a molten salt bath according to the invention, in which only the baths of nitriding, oxidation, and shutdown are shown, and in which the oxidation salt recycling loop is shown.
- Figure 3 is a diagram which illustrates in detail the decarbonation reaction of sludge and/or stopping water.
- Figure 4 is a diagram which illustrates an industrial nitriding installation similar to that of Figure 2, in which the nitriding salt recycling loop is shown.
- FIG.5 Figure 5 is a diagram which illustrates in detail the transformation reaction of the hydroxide ions OH- of the deslagging sludges and/or quenching waters by insufflation of carbon dioxide CO2.
- Figure 6 is a diagram which illustrates an industrial nitriding installation similar to that of Figures 2 and 4, in which the recycling loop of the oxidation salts and the recycling loop of the nitriding salts are represented. Detailed Description of Embodiments of the Invention The method of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 2 which is a simplified representation of an installation 10 for nitriding in a bath of molten salts, in that only the main elements of the installation are retained, namely a nitriding bath 11, an oxidation bath 12, and a stopping bath 13, for the purpose of simplifying this text.
- the mechanical parts to be treated, previously degreased, then rinsed and dried in an oven, are immersed in the nitriding bath 11.
- the nitriding bath 11 is composed of molten nitriding salts which are brought to a temperature which is typically between 500° C and 630°C.
- the purpose of nitriding is to give the parts a higher hardness, and to improve their mechanical properties, in particular resistance to seizing and wear, by diffusion in the steel of nitrogen, and possibly of carbon in the case of nitrocarburizing.
- the nitriding bath 11 essentially comprises cyanate ions CNO- and carbonate ions CO3 2- . Regenerating salts are added to the nitriding bath as needed to quickly convert the carbonate ions CO3 2- into cyanate ions CNO-.
- the nitriding bath 11 further comprises alkaline ions, preferably lithium Li + ions, and/or potassium K + ions, and/or sodium Na + ions.
- the oxidation bath 12 is composed of molten oxidizing salts brought to a temperature typically of the order of 450°C. Oxidation salts are composed, among other things, of hydroxides. The purpose of oxidation is to improve the corrosion resistance of the parts, and to give them a uniform black appearance.
- the parts are immersed in the stop bath 13, which contains water (stop water), then are cleaned in washing baths, preferably successive cascade washes, before being dried in an oven and then unloaded.
- the treatment method according to the invention comprises a decarbonation method A and a carbonation method B.
- Process A comprises decarbonation of the sludge E S and/or of the sewage water EL by precipitation of the carbonate ions CO3 2- .
- the decarbonation is carried out by precipitation of the carbonate ions CO3 2- from the deslagging sludge ES and/or the stopping water EL with lime Ca(OH)2 and/or calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2, to form calcium carbonate CaCO 3 .
- the carbonate ions CO3 2- react with the lime Ca(OH)2 according to the following equation (1): [Chem.1] Hydroxide ions and calcium carbonate are then obtained.
- the carbonate ions CO3 2- react with the calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 according to the following equation (2): [Chem.2] In this case, nitrate ions and calcium carbonate are obtained.
- the water and the oxidation salts 23 are then separated, preferably by drying, in order to obtain the oxidation salts 23 in solid form.
- the oxidation salts 23 in solid form can be kept to be upgraded, or can be reinjected into the oxidation bath.
- the decarbonation is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 3.
- the E S sludges are put into solution with the stopping water under agitation in a leaching step.
- a leaching solution 14 is obtained. It is specified that the leaching solution 14 can be prepared by solvation of the sludge ES only, by adding water, or by solvation of the sludge E S with the stopping water E L.
- the leaching solution 14 is formed by solvation of the sludge E S by the stopping water E L .
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous, in that it makes it possible to recycle the stopping water EL while using the latter as a solvent to solvate the sludge E S sludge, which makes it possible to reduce water consumption.
- the leaching solution 14 is transferred to a reactor 15, supplied with lime Ca(OH) 2 and/or calcium nitrate Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , and stirred. A precipitate of calcium carbonate CaCO3 forms in solution. The mixture is then composed of a solid phase, the precipitate of calcium carbonate CaCO 3 , and of a liquid phase containing oxidation salts.
- a solid/liquid separation of the decantate 16 is carried out, preferably by filtration of the mixture as shown in FIG. 3 using a filtration device 17.
- the residue 18 comprising the precipitate of calcium carbonate CaCO 3 is set aside, and can be upgraded thereafter.
- the filtrate 19 is preferably reinjected into the reactor in order to maximize the decarbonation yield.
- the supernatant 20 from the reactor is then transferred to a drying device 21, such as an oven for example.
- the drying condensates 22 are reinjected into the leaching solution 14, or into the stopping bath, or into the washing baths, in order to reduce water consumption. The drying makes it possible to obtain recycled oxidation salts 23, which are then preserved or reinjected into the oxidation bath.
- Process B comprises a transformation reaction of the OH- hydroxide ions of the sludge and/or sewage, to form CO 3 2- carbonate ions.
- the transformation step is carried out by reaction of the hydroxide ions OH- with carbon dioxide CO 2 , to form carbonate ions CO3 2- and water, according to the following reaction (3): [Chem. 3]
- the carbonate ions CO3 2- referenced 32 in FIG. 4, are then reinjected in the form of salts into the nitriding bath, where they can possibly be converted into cyanate ions CNO- by the regenerating salts. It is also possible to recover certain carbonates, in particular lithium carbonate.
- the latter is moreover easily separated from sodium and potassium carbonates by precipitation thanks to its very low solubility. It can for example be recovered after a first decantation followed by filtering, then the other carbonates are recovered for example by drying.
- a stage of separation of the metal particles or metal oxides present in the stopping water is carried out, advantageously by filtration optionally followed by drying.
- a stage of recycling the water to the stopping bath is carried out.
- a step of separating the carbonate salts and the waters is carried out, advantageously by filtration optionally followed by drying.
- a step is carried out before the CO3 2- carbonate ions are reinjected into the nitriding bath, to readjust the contents of the cations to the contents of the nitriding bath, to make them compatible with the nitriding salts.
- An embodiment of the transformation reaction of hydroxide ions OH- solubilized sludge and / or sewage, is illustrated in more detail in Figure 5. According to this embodiment, the reaction is carried out by blowing carbon dioxide CO2.
- the stopping water E L and optionally the dissolved sludge E S are dissolved beforehand 24 in a first container 25 made of glass.
- a second glass container 26 is immersed in the solution 24 in the upturned position, so as to provide an opening for the passage of a tube 27, between the interior and the exterior of the second container 26.
- the solution 24 thus occupies the volumes of the two containers 25, 26.
- the objective of this installation is to trap the carbon dioxide CO2.
- the tube 27 has a first opening 28 opening into the solution inside the second container 26, and a second opening 29 opening onto means for supplying carbon dioxide CO 2 outside the containers. 25, 26.
- the tube 27 is thus partially immersed in the solution 24, and passes through the two containers 25, 26.
- the solution which is located outside the first container 25 contains hydroxide ions OH- and carbonate ions CO3 2 - .
- Carbon dioxide CO2 is injected into the second container 26 via the second opening 29 of the tube 27. Bubbles 30 of carbon dioxide CO 2 form in the solution 24 inside the second container 26.
- the solution 24 located at the interior of the second container 26 is enriched with carbonate ions CO 3 2- resulting from the reaction between the carbon dioxide CO2 and the hydroxide ions OH-, and the overlying region 31 is enriched with carbon dioxide CO2, the latter being trapped by said second container 17. Subsequently, the carbonate ions CO3 2- can precipitate.
- the precipitation depends on several parameters that are adjusted for this purpose, in particular the concentration of the solution in hydroxide ions OH-, in carbonate ions CO3 2 , and in cations.
- the water 40 is then filtered, by means of a filter press for example, then the recovered carbonates are dried. To recover more carbonates (not precipitated), it is possible to evaporate the water using a dryer for example.
- the solid carbonates are then reinjected as nitriding salts into the nitriding bath.
- the nitriding salts are, as for the carbonate ions CO3 2- , referenced 32 in FIGS. 4 and 6.
- the water 40 is recycled to the stopping bath 13.
- FIGS. 2 and 4 illustrates the two recycling loops of processes A and B, represented separately in FIGS. 2 and 4.
- the process according to the invention thus makes it possible not only to reduce the nitriding and oxidation waste, but also to recharge the bath with oxidation to salts oxidation, and the nitriding bath in nitriding salts, which translates into economical and ecological recycling, in line with current environmental standards and methods.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MX2024009422A MX2024009422A (es) | 2022-01-31 | 2022-10-31 | Metodo para tratar aguas residuales y lodo residual por medio de carbonatacion y descarbonatacion en una instalacion quimica para nitruracion en un ba?o de sal fundida. |
CN202280090556.7A CN118613449A (zh) | 2022-01-31 | 2022-10-31 | 在熔盐槽氮化化学设备中通过碳酸化和脱碳酸化处理废水和残余污泥的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR2200858A FR3132299A1 (fr) | 2022-01-31 | 2022-01-31 | Procede de traitement des eaux d’arret et des boues de decrassage par carbonatation et decarbonatation au sein d’une installation chimique de nitruration en bain de sels fondus |
FRFR2200858 | 2022-01-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023144459A1 true WO2023144459A1 (fr) | 2023-08-03 |
Family
ID=81927297
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2022/052055 WO2023144459A1 (fr) | 2022-01-31 | 2022-10-31 | Procede de traitement des eaux d'arret et des boues de decrassage par carbonatation et decarbonatation au sein d'une installation chimique de nitruration en bain de sels fondus |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN118613449A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3132299A1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2024009422A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2023144459A1 (fr) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3865921A (en) * | 1972-06-30 | 1975-02-11 | Helmut Reinhardt | Process for decontamination of hardening salt residue |
BR9507428A (pt) * | 1995-04-28 | 1997-09-16 | Stephanois Rech Mec | Composição de banhos de sais para um tratamento de oxidação de superfície de peças de metal ferroso |
-
2022
- 2022-01-31 FR FR2200858A patent/FR3132299A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-10-31 MX MX2024009422A patent/MX2024009422A/es unknown
- 2022-10-31 WO PCT/FR2022/052055 patent/WO2023144459A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2022-10-31 CN CN202280090556.7A patent/CN118613449A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3865921A (en) * | 1972-06-30 | 1975-02-11 | Helmut Reinhardt | Process for decontamination of hardening salt residue |
BR9507428A (pt) * | 1995-04-28 | 1997-09-16 | Stephanois Rech Mec | Composição de banhos de sais para um tratamento de oxidação de superfície de peças de metal ferroso |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3132299A1 (fr) | 2023-08-04 |
MX2024009422A (es) | 2024-08-14 |
CN118613449A (zh) | 2024-09-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
FR2717188A1 (fr) | Procédé de récupération de métaux de valeur d'un catalyseur usagé. | |
EP2304064B1 (fr) | Procede de traitement et de valorisation de coproduits siderurgiques riches en zinc | |
WO1993024250A1 (fr) | Procede de decontamination des terres polluees par des metaux | |
WO2023144459A1 (fr) | Procede de traitement des eaux d'arret et des boues de decrassage par carbonatation et decarbonatation au sein d'une installation chimique de nitruration en bain de sels fondus | |
FR2843315A1 (fr) | Procipitation selective du manganese a partir de solutions acides contenant du magnesium et de l'aluminium. | |
WO2023144457A1 (fr) | Procede de traitement des eaux d'arret et des boues de decrassage par carbonatation au sein d'une installation chimique de nitruration en bain de sels fondus | |
WO2023144458A1 (fr) | Procede de traitement des eaux d'arret et des boues de decrassage par decarbonatation au sein d'une installation chimique de nitruration en bain de sels fondus | |
EP1257674A1 (fr) | Procede de valorisation des poussieres d'acieries | |
FR2546900A1 (fr) | Procede pour regenerer une solution detergente contenant de la lessive alcaline et servant au nettoyage de recipients, notamment de bouteilles | |
EP0939138A1 (fr) | Procédé et installation de traitement de déchets contenant du zinc par lixiviation basique | |
EP0854199B1 (fr) | Dépollution de résidus métallurgiques zincifères par traitement électro-hydrométallurgique continu en milieu basique | |
EP1017626B1 (fr) | Procede de traitement des solutions usees de decapage | |
KR20240147673A (ko) | 용융 염 욕조에서의 질화를 위한 화학적 설비에서 탄소화에 의해 폐수 및 잔류 슬러지를 처리하기 위한 방법 | |
KR20240147675A (ko) | 용융 염 욕조에서의 질화를 위한 화학적 설비에서 탄소화 및 탈탄소화에 의해 폐수 및 잔류 슬러지를 처리하기 위한 방법 | |
WO1982003620A1 (fr) | Procede d'extraction de l'arsenic a partir de solutions contenant des carbonate, sulfate, eventuellement de l'hydroxyde, alcalins, ainsi que l'un au moins des metaux vanadium, uranium et molybdene | |
WO2000075073A1 (fr) | Procede d'epuration des liqueurs d'aluminate de sodium contenant de l'oxalate de sodium permettant de valoriser les residus | |
KR20240147674A (ko) | 용융 염 욕조에서의 질화를 위한 화학적 설비에서 탈탄소화에 의해 폐수 및 잔류 슬러지를 처리하기 위한 방법 | |
BE1015805A3 (fr) | Procede de production de zinc. | |
CA2251846C (fr) | Conditionnement de poudre de metal electrodeposee en milieu basique | |
FR2721237A1 (fr) | Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement d'effluents solides ou liquides chargés en métaux lourds. | |
FR2658664A1 (fr) | Procede de destruction des piles electriques usagees et de recuperation de differents constituants. | |
EP3802439A1 (fr) | <sup2/><sub2/> 2 m& xc9;thode de traitement d'un effluent industriel charg& xc9; en aluminium & xc0; l'aide de co | |
LU80831A1 (fr) | Procede de traitement de scories residuaires | |
EP0666932A1 (fr) | Procede pour entretenir un bain de fluxage d'une ligne de galvanisation | |
BE494870A (fr) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22813669 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 112405003X Country of ref document: SG |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202437056551 Country of ref document: IN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2024121341 Country of ref document: RU |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: MX/A/2024/009422 Country of ref document: MX |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112024015174 Country of ref document: BR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2022813669 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022813669 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20240807 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |